Microsoft Word - 9. BAJ-295_Revised Bangladesh Agron. J. 2018, 21(1): 83-88 EFFECT OF FERTILIZER PACKAGES ON BROADCAST AUS RICE IN LENTIL-B. AUS-BLACKGRAM CROPPING PATTERN IN THE CHAR LAND OF PABNA IN BANGLADESH M. Maniruzzaman1*, M. R. Alam1, M.S. Islam1, M.Z. Islam1, M.S.H. Molla2 and M.A. Islam3 1On-farm Research Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Pabna 2 On-farm Research Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Rangpur 3 On-farm Research Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Shampur, Rajshahi *Corresponding author, E-mail: maniruzzaman.bari@yahoo.com (Received: 21 December 2017, Accepted: 5 February 2018) Keywords: Yield, mixed cropping, gross return, total variable cost and gross margin Abstract The experiment was conducted at Char Sadipur in the char land of Pabna during Aus rice seasons of 2014 and 2015 to determine appropriate fertilizer dose for enhancing yield of B. Aus rice var. Hashikalmi and also to increase farmers’ income in char land under High Ganges River Floodplain (AEZ-11). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with four dispersed replications. Eight fertilizer packages T1: N40P9K16S6Zn1(STB), T2: N50P9K16S6Zn1, T3: N50P11K16S6Zn1, T4: N50P9K20S6Zn1, T5: N40P11K20S6Zn1, T6: N50P11K20S6Zn1, T7: N30P7K12S4.5Zn0.75 kg ha-1 and T8: Native nutrients (control) were tested for B. Aus rice in Lentil-B. Aus- Blackgram cropping pattern. The treatment N50P11K20S6Zn1 (T6) produced maximum grain yield 2.60 t ha-1 and 2.81 t ha-1of B. Aus rice in 2014 and 2015 cropping season, respectively. The highest gross return (Tk. 61,810 ha-1 in 2014 and Tk. 72,250 ha-1 in 2015 cropping season) and gross margin (Tk. 12,214 ha-1 in 2014 and Tk. 21,550 ha-1 in 2015 cropping season) was also recorded from N50P11K20S6Zn1 (T6) and lowest from control in both the years. Introduction Bangladesh is the fourth largest producer and consumer of rice in the world. Rice is the primary staple food and the most important crop. Rice is extensively grown in Bangladesh which covers 75% of the total cropped area and about 60% labor is engaged in rice production. It was estimated 34.8 million metric tons in the year 2014 among all cereals in Bangladesh (BBS, 2015). Rice alone contributes around 10% to the GDP and 95% to the total food grain production (BER, 2010).It contains a number of energy rich compounds such as carbohydrates, fat, protein and reasonable amount of vitamins (Nadeem et al., 2010). The national mean yield (2.60 t ha-1) of rice in Bangladesh is lower than the potential national yield (5.40 t ha-1) and world average yield (3.70 t ha-1) (Pingali et al., 1997). The lower yield of rice has been attributed to several reasons. Most of the soils in Bangladesh are deficient in N, P, K, S and Zn for rice cultivation. Moreover, soil fertility is declining further due to intensive cropping and imbalanced use of fertilizers by the farmers (Biswas et al., 2001). As a result, growth and yield of rice is also declining in many cases. Balance fertilization is, therefore, usually needed. In Bangladesh, the lands of char area are not suitable for growing many crops and all seasons for low water holding capacity of the soils. In Pabna, there is a vast area of char land under AEZ-11. Nutrient status of char land is poor due to coarse textured soils, low water holding capacity, low nutrient content, river bank erosion and flooding. Farmers of char land in Pabna generally grow B. aus rice where they use local variety with no or limited fertilizers. For this 84 Maniruzzaman et al. reason, the yield of B. Aus rice in this region is much below than that of potential yield level. Balanced fertilization can play a major role to enhance the present yield level. Experimental evidences reveal that the crop is highly responsive to different fertilizers and its yield can be increased remarkably through judicious fertilization (Mohamed, 1984; Roy and Singh, 1986; Kazi et al., 2002). Fertilizer recommendation solely based on crop response data often fails to show economic viability. In this context, Perrin et al. (1979) reported that response of yield should be supported by economic evaluation for judicious fertilizer recommendation. Since the application of balance fertilizer is important for increasing the yield of B. aus rice and very limited information in this regard is available for char areas, the present study was undertaken to determine the optimum fertilizer dose for maximizing B. Aus rice yield in the char land areas of Pabna. Materials and methods The experiment was conducted at the char land of Char Sadipur areas of Pabna in Bangladesh during the Aus rice seasons of 2014 and 2015. The experimental site was under Gopalpur soil series of the High Ganges River Floodplain (AEZ-11). Before starting the experiment, initial composite soil samples (0-15 cm depth) were collected from the experimental plots and were analyzed in the laboratory. The analytical result indicated that soil was sandy loam with very low organic matter content (0.80%) and slightly alkaline in nature. N content of soil was very low and P, S and Zn content of the soil were low. K content of the soil was medium (Table 1). The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block (RCB) design with three replications. The unit plot size was 5m ×x 4m. Eight treatments consisted of T1: N40P9K16S6Zn1 (STB), T2: N50P9K16S6Zn1,T3: N50P11K16S6Zn1, T4: N50P9K20S6Zn1, T5: N40P11K20S6Zn1, T6: N50P11K20S6Zn1, T7: N30P7K12S4.5Zn0.75 kg ha-1 and T8: Native nutrients (control) were used in the experiment. The land was prepared by power tiller followed by laddering. After completion of land preparation the entire amount of P, K, S, Zn and 1/3 N were applied as per treatment specification TSP, MP, Gypsum, Zinc sulphate and urea, respectively. Table 1.Nutrient status of the initial soil sample (0-15cm depth) of experimental plots at Char Sadipur, Pabna Soil properties Values Interpretation Soil pH 8.1 Slightly alkaline Organic matter content (%) 0.80 Very low Total N (%) 0.05 Very low Available P (µg/g soil) 11.8 Low Available S (µg/g soil) 9.2 Low Available Zn (µg/g soil) 0.57 Low Exchangeable K (meq %) 0.16 Medium The seeds of B. Aus rice were broadcasted in each plot on 3-5 May, 2014 & 2015 maintaining the seed rate of 50 kg ha-1 in both the seasons. The variety used for the trial was local Hashikalmi. 50% N was applied as basal and the rest amount of N was top dressed in two splits at 25 and 45 Day After Sowing (DAS) in the form of urea. Two times weeding were done at vegetative stage for better growth of the crops. Other intercultural operations such as insect and disease management were done as and when necessary. The rice was harvested on 15-20 August, 2014 & 2015. Necessary data on yield and yield components were collected at proper maturity of the crop. All the recorded data were statistically analyzed using a statistical package MSTAT program of computer and the means differences were adjudged by LSD test. Cost and return analysis of different treatments were done. Effect of Fertilizer Packages on Broadcast Aus Rice 85 Results and Discussion Plant height and yield contributing characters of B. Aus rice have been presented in Table 2. Significant variation in respect of plant height, effective tiller hill-1, number of panicle m-2 and filled grains panicle-1 were observed due to different treatments. Maximum plant height (122.4cm in 2015 and 96.7cm in 2014), effective tiller hill-1 (9.6 in 2015 and 5.73 in 2014), number of panicle m-2 (357.7 in 2015 and 267.67in 2014) and filled grains panicle-1(64.3 in 2015 and 55.32 in 2014) were recorded from N50P1K20S6Zn1 (T6) and minimum plant height (112.3cm in 2015 and 85.57cm in 2014), effective tiller hill-1 (7.17 in 2015 and 4.1 in 2014), number of panicle m-2 (275.3 in 2015 and 197.33 in 2014) and filled grains panicle-1(37.53 in 2015 and 35.49 in 2014) were recorded from control (T8) treatment. In case of plant height similar finding was recorded by Haque et. al. (2016) and Li et. al. (1997), who stated that plant height increased significantly because of increasing fertilizer. The increase in plant height because of application of increased level of fertilizer might be associated with stimulating effect of fertilizer on various physiological processes. Adequacy of optimum fertilizer probably favored the cellular activities during the development and grain formation which lead to increased number of effective tillers hill-1 and number of grains panicle-1. Haque et. al. (2016) also reported that application of soil test best fertilizer showed better response on effective tillers production and number of grains. Table 2. Plant height and yield contributing parameters of B. Aus at Charsadipur, Pabna during 2014 and 2015 cropping seasons Treatments Plant height (cm) Effective tiller hill-1 No. of panicle (m-2) Filled grains panicle-1 2014 2015 2014 2015 2014 2015 2014 2015 T1 88.63 117.0 5.20 7.86 228.33 312.0 41.43 56.17 T2 89.33 118.0 5.33 8.45 244.67 335.3 45.19 56.70 T3 91.57 117.4 5.63 8.86 244.67 341.3 43.54 57.77 T4 90.77 116.9 5.00 8.73 244.33 341.7 45.21 61.57 T5 90.13 119.8 5.67 8.69 260.33 343.7 49.89 58.27 T6 96.70 122.4 5.73 9.60 267.67 357.7 55.32 64.30 T7 87.00 115.1 4.30 7.70 232.00 298.0 38.63 50.70 T8 85.57 112.3 4.10 7.17 197.33 275.3 35.49 37.53 LSD (0.05) 5.331 3.21 0.75 0.83 16.55 25.13 6.68 10.17 CV(%) 2.44 1.56 9.36 5.68 2.84 4.41 8.61 7.55 Note: T1: N40P9K16S6Zn1 (STB); T2: N50P9K16S6Zn1; T3: N50P11K16S6Zn1; T4: N50P9K20S6Zn1; T5: N40P11K20S6Zn1; T6: N50P11K20S6Zn1; T7: N30P7K12S4.5Zn0.75 kg ha-1 ; T8: Control Thousand-seed weight, yield and percent yield increase over control of B. Aus rice have been presented in Table 3. The highest 1000 –grain weight (23.25g in 2015 and 23.8g in 2014) was observed from N50P11K20S6Zn1 (T6) and the lowest 1000 -seeds weight (22.08g in 2015 and 22.77g in 2014) from control (T8) treatment. Maximum straw yield of B. Aus rice (5.65 t ha-1 in 2015 and 3.27 t ha-1 in 2014) was found from N50P11K20S6Zn1 (T6) treatment which was statistically different from all other treatments and minimum straw yield (3.6 t ha-1 in 2015 and 1.73 t ha-1 in 2014) was control (T8). The highest seed yield (2.81 t ha-1 in 2015 and 2.6 t ha-1 in 2014) was attained from N50P11K20S6Zn1 (T6) which was also statistically significant from all other treatments. On the contrary control (T8) treatment provided the lowest seed yield (1.55 t ha-1 in 2015 and 1.5 t ha-1 in 2014). The cumulative contribution of potential yield traits might be the reason for higher grain yield from N50P11K20S6Zn1 (T6). In contrast, poor crop growth and yield traits resulted the lowest grain yield in control (T8). Maximum yield increased (81% in 86 Maniruzzaman et al. 2015 and 73% in 2014) over control was obtained from N50P11K20S6Zn1 (T6).The overall results indicate that in char land conditions soils are dominated with sand particles and low organic matter which causes deficiency in nutrient availability in soil and make imbalance in subsequent plant uptake. Therefore, 100% soil test based fertilizer package plus 25% additional nutrients specially N, P and K fertilizer dose N50P11K20S6Zn1 (T6) enhance optimum plant growth and development and higher yield in B. Aus rice. These results are supported by the findings of Das et. al. (2003). He reported that increasing levels of NPK application increased the yield attributing characters and nutrient uptake by the cereal crops, which ultimately increased the grain and straw yields. Table 3. Yield and 1000- grain weight of B. Aus at Charsadipur, Pabna during 2014 and 2015 cropping season Treatments 1000- grain weight (g) Straw yield (t ha-1) Grain yield (t ha-1) % Yield increase over control (T8) 2014 2015 2014 2015 2014 2015 2014 2015 T1 22.97 22.25 2.17 4.08 1.70 2.00 13 29 T2 23.00 22.43 2.32 4.38 1.78 2.13 19 37 T3 23.00 22.67 2.50 4.66 1.89 2.37 26 53 T4 23.30 22.83 2.36 4.41 2.16 2.36 44 52 T5 23.37 23.08 2.65 5.02 2.26 2.67 51 72 T6 23.80 23.25 3.27 5.65 2.60 2.81 73 81 T7 23.03 22.25 2.13 4.01 1.59 1.76 6 14 T8 22.77 22.08 1.73 3.60 1.50 1.55 - - LSD (0.05) NS 0.54 0.473 0.61 0.254 0.39 CV% 1.52 1.38 8.12 7.81 5.38 10.30 Note: T1: N40P9K16S6Zn1 (STB); T2: N50P9K16S6Zn1; T3: N50P11K16S6Zn1; T4: N50P9K20S6Zn1; T5: N40P11K20S6Zn1; T6: N50P11K20S6Zn1; T7: N30P7K12S4.5Zn0.75 kg ha-1; T8: Control Cost and return Cost and return analysis demonstrated that maximum gross margin (Tk. 21550 ha-1in 2015 and Tk. 12214 ha-1in 2014) was obtained from N50P11K20S6Zn1 (T6) followed by T5 fertilizer package (Table 4). Probably higher production and gross return (Tk. 72250 ha-1 in 2015 and Tk. 61810 ha-1 in 2014) from this treatments resulted in higher economic return. Negative gross margin was recorded from the treatments T8 (control) and T7 which might be due to lower yield and gross return is less than the total variable costs in both the years. Table 4. Cost and return analysis of B. aus rice as influenced by different fertilizer packages at Char Sadipur, Pabna during 2014 and 2015 cropping season Treatment Gross return (Tk. ha-1) Total variable cost (Tk.ha-1) Gross margin (Tk. ha-1) 2014 2015 2014 2015 2014 2015 T1: N40P9K16S6Zn1 (STB) 40510 52240 48721 49770 -8211 2470 T2: N50P9K16S6Zn1 42560 55740 49177 50278 -6617 5462 T3: N50P11K16S6Zn1 45300 61380 49452 50553 -4152 10827 T4: N50P9K20S6Zn1 50280 60430 49321 50422 959 10008 T5: N40P11K20S6Zn1 53150 68460 49140 50190 4010 18270 T6: N50P11K20S6Zn1 61810 72250 49596 50700 12214 21550 T7: N30P7K12S4.5Zn0.75 38190 47230 47600 48450 -9410 -1220 T8: Control 35190 41800 44250 44500 -9060 -2700 Effect of Fertilizer Packages on Broadcast Aus Rice 87 Selling price: B. Aus: Grain = Tk. 20.00 kg-1; Straw= Tk. 3.00 kg-1 Conclusion Based of this study, it can be concluded that fertilizer packages exerted significant effect on the growth and yield performance of B. 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