Bangladesh Agron. J. 2021, 24(2): 83-90 INFLUENCE OF NITROGEN DOSE AND APPLICATION METHOD ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF BABY CORN P.K. Biswas, N.J. Sarna and S. Shome Department of Agronomy, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207 Corresponding E-mail: parimalbiswas@hotmail.com (Received: 18 September 2021, Received: 25 October 2021) Keywords: Nitrogen management, cob yield, baby corn Abstract The experiment was conducted at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University during Rabi season of 2019-20 to find out the influence of nitrogen management on cob yield of baby corn. The experiment was laid out in a Split-plot design having 3 replications where four nitrogen dose viz., i) 0 kg N ha-1 (N1), ii) 100 kg N ha-1 (N2), iii) 150 kg N ha-1 (N3) and ii) 200 kg N ha-1 (N4) in the main plot and three nitrogenous fertilizer application method viz., i) Basal (M1), ii) side dressing at 30 DAS (M2) and iii) 50% basal + 50% side dressing at 30 DAS (M3) in the sub-plot. Almost all the studied parameters were found statistically significant. The higher plant height, dry matter plant-1, number of cobs plant-1, fresh weight cob-1, husk weight cob-1 and cob yield were observed in application of 200 kg Nha-1. Basal application of nitrogen fertilizer gave the highest cob weight and husk weight. Basal application of 200 kg N ha-1 showed the highest plant height (177.80 cm), cobs plant-1 (2.91), cob length (9.94 cm), fresh cob weight (61.05 g), de-husked cob weight (11.74 g) and husk fresh weight (49.30 g) but the highest number of cobs ha-1 (218497) from N2M3 (100 kg Nha-1 applied 50% as basal dose and 50% at 30 DAS) and highest cob yield (7732.41 kg ha-1) from N4M2 (application of 200 kg Nha-1 at 30 DAS). Introduction Baby corn refers to the whole, entirely edible cobs of immature corn harvested just before fertilization at 2-3 cm long silk emergence stage. It is emerging worldwide as one of the high value crops due to its high nutritive value, delicious taste and very large demand by the foreign tourists. It is a low calorie vegetable having higher fibre content without cholesterol. No nutrients are utilized for seed set and hence, they are retained in plant part (stover) which make it nutritious cattle feed (Bakshi et al., 2016). Besides nutritive advantage, it is also freefrom residual effect of pesticides as it is harvested within aweek of tassel emergence and the young cob is wrapped uptightly with husk and well protected from insects and pests. Baby corn has primeplace as a safe and quality vegetable. To sustain the heavycattle population, baby corn can provide a valuablesupplementary source of green fodder (Bakshi and Wadhwa, 2012). Baby corn is grown almost throughout the world is an off shoot of maize which is grown for its young, fresh, finger like green ears, harvested at the time of silk emergence and before pollination and fertilization (Ramchandrappa et al., 2004). Ears are ideal for baby corn if they are bite size, 5-10 cm long and 0.85 – 1.70 cm diameter at the base (Bar-Zur and Saadi, 1990). It contains 10.04g protein, 8.2g carbohydrate, 0.20g fat, o.86g phosphorus, 28 mg calcium and 0.10 mg iron per 100 g of edible portion (Thakur et al., 2000). Its byproducts such as tassel, young husk silk and green stalk provide feed for cattle and aquaculture (Bindhani et al., 2007). Moreover stover, dry leaves and cob covering can be used as good fuel (Ahmed, 1994 The soil and climate of our country is suitable for baby corn production. At present baby corn is growing in some areas of Chittagong hill tracts. The baby corn yield of Bangladesh is 0.99 – 1.1 ton per hectare but its potentiality is 5 ton per hectare (BARI, 2004). mailto:parimalbiswas@hotmail.com 84 Biswas et al. So to meet the demand of baby corn it is imported from foreign countries like Thailand, Taiwan etc. and costing about Tk. 10 crore per year (BARI, 2004). The yield potential of baby corn is greatly influenced by proper method of nitrogen application with proper dose. An increased response to applied nitrogen was observed in baby corn by Pandey et al. (2002). Increased baby corn production can be achieved by changes of N-fertilizer dose with appropriate application method. Optimum rate and time of N application can enhance yield productivity and nutrient use efficiencies while reducing the environmental pollution (Neilsen, 2013). The study was therefore, undertaken to find out the yield potentiality of baby corn with nitrogen fertilizer management. Materials and Methods The experiment was conducted at the Agronomy field of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka during the period from November 2019 to March 2020. The seeds of “Baby star” variety of baby corn was used as plant materials and the seeds were collected from Khustia seed store, Mirpur, Dhaka. The seeds were sown on 15 November, 2019 having a spacing of 45 cm x 20 cm. The experiment was laid out in a Split-plot design with three replications where four nitrogen dose viz., i) 0 kg N ha-1 (N1), ii) 100 kg N ha-1 (N2), iii) 150 kg N ha-1 (N3) and ii) 200 kg N ha-1 (N4) in the main- plot and three nitrogenous fertilizer application method viz., i) Basal (M1), ii) 30 DAS (M2) and iii) 50% basal + 50% at 30 DAS (M3) in the sub-plot. The chemical fertilizers i.e., urea as per treatment along with TSP and MoP as per recommended dose were used t. The whole amount of all fertilizers except urea was applied as a basla. Irrigation water was ensured to the field as and when necessary. Two hand weedings were done for all the treatments. The field was infested by different insects and diseases those controlled by applying appropriate ways in time.The immature cobs from harvest area of each plot werecollected and weighed atdifferent dates and finally converted as per hectare basis. Yield contributing and other relevant data like plant height at harvest, dry matter plant-1 at harvest, days to tasseling, days to silking, total number of cobs plant-1, cob length, cob diameter, fresh weight of cobs, dehusked cob yield plant-1, husk yield plant-1, number of harvested cobs ha-1 and fresh cob yield ha-1 were collected. Statistical analyses were done by using the Crop Stat computer package and the mean differences among the treatments were compared by least significant difference test at 5 % level of significance. Results and Discussion Plant height The plant height at harvest was significantly differed due to nitrogen dose and interactions of nitrogen dose and application method but insignificant for nitrogen application method (Table 1). The maximum t plant height (176.33 cm) was found in 200 kg N ha-1 that similar to 150 and 100 kg N ha-1 whereas no nitrogenous fertilizer application showed the lowest plant height (151.92 cm) that also similar to 100 and 150 kg N ha-1. The increment of plant height was 9.39, 15.40 and 16.07% in 100, 150 and 200 kg N ha-1, respectively as compared to that of control (no nitrogen fertilizer) application. The present investigation corroborates the findings of Kar et al. (2006), Muniswamy et al. (2007), Suryavanshi et al. (2008) and Ashok Kumar (2009). Thakur et al. (1997) observed significant favourable effect of application of 150 - 200 kg N ha-1 on plant height, functionalleaves plant-1, stem diameter, dry matter plant-1, greenfodder yield, baby corn yield and net returns compared to the lower N levels. The maximum plant height was given by the combination N4M1 (177.80 cm) that similar to all most all other interactions exceptthe lowest plant height (149.33 cm) height in N1M1 that similar to N1M2 (150.93 cm), N1M3 (155.50 cm) and N2M2 (162.07 cm). Dry matter weight Influence of Nitrogen Dose and Application Method on Growth 85 The maximum dry matter plant-1 (80.94 g) at harvest was recorded in application of 200 kg N ha-1 that similar to 150 kg N ha-1 (74.33 g) and 150 kg N ha-1 (70.86 g) and the lowest dry matter plant-1 (58.97 g) by no nitrogen application that similar to N2 and N3 (Table 1). Compared to that of no nitrogen application, the highest dry matter increment for nitrogen was found in N4 (37.26%) that followed by N2 (26.05%) and N3 (20.16%). The highest dry matter plant-1 (98.02 g) was found in N3M3 (split application of 150 kg Nha-1) that similar to almost all other interactions except N1M2, N2M3 and N3M1. The lowest dry matter plant-1(41.58 g) was given by N1M2 that similar to almost all other interactions except N2M2, N3M3 and N4M1. Days to tasseling and silking The tasseling and silking duration of baby corn was significantly varied for the interaction of nitrogen dose and application method (Table 1). The highest duration (79 days) was needed for N1M3 that similar to almost all other interactions except N2M1, N2M3, N3M1, N3M3and N4M3 whereas the lowest duration (75 days) was found in N2M1 that similar to almost all other interactions except N1M2, and N1M3. The highest silking duration (84 days) was found in N1M3 that similar to N2M2 (84 days), N1M1 (83 days) and N1M2 (83 days) whereas the lowest identical duration (81 days) was given by N2M1, N3M1 and N4M3 that similar to almost all other interactions except N1M1, N1M2, N1M3 and N2M2. Number of cobs plant-1 There was significant variation observed among different nitrogen doses and interactions for number of cobs plant-1 and the maximum number of cobs plant-1 (2.50) was found in application of 200 kg Nha-1 treatment that similar to N3 (2.37) and N2 (2.38) and the lowest number (2.11 plant-1) in control (Table 2).Higher number of cobs plant-1 (2.91) was found in N4M1 that similar to N2M3 (2.57) and N3M2 (2.55) and the lowest number of cobs plant-1 (1.91) by N1M1 that similar to N1M2 (2.15), N3M1 (2.20), N1M3 (2.26) and N2M2 (2.26). Irrespective of nitrogen application methods, the higher doses of nitrogen increased the number of cobs plant-1 that also supported by many researchers. Sahoo and Mahapatra (2004) reported that increase in the level of NPK increased the number of cobs plant-1, weight of whole green cob and yield of green cob significantly. Singh and Singh (1984) also observed more number of cobs in nitrogen fertilized plots of baby corn mainly due to reduction in per cent of barrenness rather than prolificacy. Cob length and cobdiameter There was no significant variation observed among different nitrogen dose and application method for cob length of baby corn though their interactions significantly varied where the highest cob length (9.94 cm) was found in N4M1 that similar to all other interactions except N1M1 (8.11 cm) which showed the lowest cob length that also similar to all other interactions except N4M1 (Table 2). Cob girth did not show any variations for nitrogen dose, application method and their interactions. Table 1. Growth parameters of baby corn as affected by nitrogen dose and application method Treatments Plant height (cm) Dry matter (g plant-1) Days to tasseling Days to silking Nitrogen dose (N) N1 N2 N3 N4 151.92 166.18 175.31 176.33 58.97 74.33 70.86 80.94 78 76 76 76 84 82 81 81 LSD(0.05) 23.689 21.435 NS NS 86 Biswas et al. Nitrogen fertilizer application method (M) M1 M2 M3 167.45 166.62 168.24 71.02 68.15 74.66 76 77 76 82 82 82 LSD(0.05) NS NS NS NS Interactions (N x M) N1M1 N1M2 N1M3 N2M1 N2M2 N2M3 N3M1 N3M2 N3M3 N4M1 N4M2 N4M3 149.33 150.93 155.50 170.80 162.07 165.67 171.87 176.33 177.73 177.80 177.13 174.07 66.49 41.58 68.83 81.18 87.48 54.32 46.48 68.07 98.02 89.91 75.46 77.45 76 78 79 75 77 75 76 76 75 77 76 76 83 83 84. 81 84 81 81 82 81 82 81 81 LSD(0.05) 14.46 40.98 2.80 2.64 CV (%) 4.99 33.22 2.12 1.86 N1 = No nitrogen, N2 = 100 kg Nha-1, N3 = 150 kg Nha-1, N4 = 200 kg Nha-1, M1 = Basal, M2 = 30 DAS, M3 = 50% basal + 50% at 30 DAS Fresh weight cob-1 Different nitrogen doses and interactions showed significant variation for cob fresh weight of baby corn. The maximum cob fresh weight (41.29 g) was found in application of 200 kg Nha-1 treatment (N4) that followedby N2 (38.93 g) and N3 (38.01 g) and the lowest cob fresh weight (31.87 g) in N1 (control) treatment (Table2). The fresh cob weight of 200 kg N ha-1 was 43.49% higher compared to that of cob weight in no nitrogen application. Higher doses of nitrogen gave higher cob yield of baby corn that also reported by Prathyusha and Hemalatha (2013).The interaction of nitrogen dose and application method resultedthe maximum cob fresh weight (47.71 g) in N4M1 that similar to N2M1(42.90 g), N4M2(38.84 g) and N2M2& N3M3 (38.56 g) and the lowest cob fresh weight (30.53 g) in N1M1 that similar to N1M2 (32.02 g)and N1M3 (33.07 g). Similar higher cob fresh weight of baby corn with higher fertility level was also reported by Ghosh et al. (2017). Table 2. Interaction effect of nitrogen dose and application method on crop characters of baby corn Treatments Cobs plant-1 (No.) Cob length (cm) Cob diameter (cm) Fresh weight (g cob-1) Nitrogen dose (N) N1 N2 N3 N4 2.11 2.38 2.37 2.50 8.28 9.28 8.81 9.26 4.16 4.15 4.02 4.17 31.87 38.97 38.01 45.73 LSD(0.05) 0.36 NS NS 5.69 Influence of Nitrogen Dose and Application Method on Growth 87 Nitrogen fertilizer application method (M) M1 M2 M3 2.34 2.32 2.39 9.02 8.89 8.82 4.11 4.13 4.14 43.24 36.63 36.07 LSD(0.05) NS NS NS NS Interactions (N x M) N1M1 N1M2 N1M3 N2M1 N2M2 N2M3 N3M1 N3M2 N3M3 N4M1 N4M2 N4M3 1.91 2.15 2.26 2.33 2.26 2.57 2.20 2.55 2.36 2.91 2.34 2.39 8.11 8.53 8.19 9.75 9.04 9.06 8.27 9.07 9.10 9.94 8.94 8.92 4.06 4.16 4.27 4.16 4.14 4.14 3.87 4.13 4.05 4.33 4.07 4.11 30.53 32.02 33.07 43.00 38.56 35.34 38.37 37.10 38.56 61.05 38.84 37.31 LSD(0.05) 0.360 1.68 0.51 9.29 CV (%) 19.40 8.85 12.19 18.93 N1 = No nitrogen, N2 = 100 kg Nha-1, N3 = 150 kg Nha-1, N4 = 200 kg Nha-1, M1 = Basal, M2 = 30 DAS, M3 = 50% basal + 50% at 30 DAS De-husked cob fresh weight Different nitrogen doses, application method and their interactions resulted significant variation for dehusked cob fresh weight. Higher t cob weight (9.59 g) was found in application of 200 kg Nha-1 treatment (N4) that similar to N2 (8.96 g) and N3 (8.68 g) and the lowest cob fresh weight (7.95 g) incontrol treatment (Table3). The fresh weight of dehusked cob at 200 kg N ha-1 was 20.63% higher compared to that of no nitrogen application treatment. Parodhanet al. (2007)also reported that highest husked, de-huskedand standard yield of baby corn was obtained with 175 kg Nha-1 and it was at par with 125 kg N ha-1. Similarly, Dadarwaletal. (2009) reported that increasing the rates of NPK applicationfrom 120: 40: 30 to 180: 60: 45 kg NPK ha-1 significantlyincreased de-husked cob and green fodder yield of baby corn. The highest cob fresh weight (9.46 g) was found in basal application of nitrogen fertilizer (M1) that similar to M2 and the lowest cob fresh weight (8.10 g) in M3 treatment.The highest cob fresh weight (11.74 g) was found in N4M1 and the lowest cob fresh weight (7.38 g) in N1M1that similar to almost all other interactions except N4M1 and N2M1. Husk fresh weight cob-1 Different nitrogen doses, fertilizer application method and their interactions resulted significant variation for husk fresh weight cob-1 of baby corn. The maximum t husk weight (36.15 g) was found in application of 200 kg Nha-1 (N4) that similar to N2 (30.01 g) and the lowest husk weight (23.69 g) incontrol treatment (Table 3) that similar to all other treatments except N4. Higher green cob as well as green fodder yields at higher level of nitrogen was also reported by Bindhaniet al. (2007). The highest husk fresh weight (33.60 g) was found in basal application of nitrogen fertilizer (M1) that similar to M3 and the lowest husk fresh weight (27.81 g) in M2 treatment. The highest husk fresh weight (49.30 g cob-1) was found in N4M1 that differed from all other interactions and the lowest husk fresh weight (22.44 g) in N1M1that similar to almost all other interactions except N4M1. Harvested cobs ha-1 88 Biswas et al. Different nitrogen doses as well as interactions of nitrogen dose and application method resulted significant variation for harvested cobs ha-1. The highest number of cobs ha-1 (196524) was found in application of 100 kg Nha-1 treatment (N2) that similar to N4 (193808) and N3 (182451) and the lowest number of cobs ha-1 (172082) in N1 (control) treatment (Table 3). Table 3. Interaction effect of nitrogen dose and application method on yield and other crop characters of baby corn Treatments De-huskedcob fresh weight (g cob-1) Husk fresh weight (g cob-1) Harvested cobs (no. ha-1) Cob fresh yield (kg ha-1) Nitrogen dose (N) N1 N2 N3 N4 7.95 8.96 8.68 9.59 23.69 30.01 29.33 36.15 172082 196524 182451 193808 6924.71 7315.21 7265.40 7016.40 LSD(0.05) 1.623 6.548 17432.35 NS Nitrogen fertilizer application method (M) M1 M2 M3 9.46 8.82 8.10 33.60 27.81 27.97 179797 188870 189981 6742.74 7431.16 7217.39 LSD(0.05) 0.99 5.75 NS NS Interactions (N x M) N1M1 N1M2 N1M3 N2M1 N2M2 N2M3 N3M1 N3M2 N3M3 N4M1 N4M2 N4M3 7.38 8.53 7.94 9.69 8.55 8.64 9.01 8.89 8.13 11.74 9.32 7.69 22.44 23.49 25.13 33.31 30.01 26.70 29.35 28.20 30.43 49.30 29.52 29.61 157021 175538 183685 187389 183685 218497 162947 203683 180723 211831 192573 177019 6135.83 7104.10 7504.34 7219.22 7408.14 7318.26 7450.25 7479.97 6865.98 6165.68 7732.41 7180.96 LSD(0.05) 1.97 11.49 36962.60 1527.68 CV (%) 12.97 22.29 11.47 12.38 N1 = No nitrogen, N2 = 100 kg Nha-1, N3 = 150 kg Nha-1, N4 = 200 kg Nha-1, M1 = Basal, M2 = 30 DAS, M3 = 50% basal + 50% at 30 DAS Higher green cob as well as green fodder yields at higher level of nitrogen was also reported by Bindhaniet al. (2007). The highest number of cobs ha-1 (218497) was found in N2M3 that similar to N4M1 (211831), N3M2 (203683), N4M2 (192573), N2M1 (187389), N2M2 (183685) and N1M3 (183685). The lowest number of cobs ha-1 (157021) found in N1M1that similar to almost all other interactions except N2M3, N3M2 and N4M1. Fresh cob yield Different nitrogen doses and application method showed non-significant variation for fresh cob yield ha-1 of baby corn but their interactions was found significant. The highest cob yield ha-1 (7732.41 kg) was found in N4M2 that similar to all other interactions except N1M1 and N4M1 andthe lowest fresh cob yield ha-1 (6135.83 kg) found in interaction of N1M1that similar to all other interactions except N4M2. Conclusion Influence of Nitrogen Dose and Application Method on Growth 89 Based on the results of the study it may be concluded that baby corn can be successfully cultivate in Bangladesh. 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