Bangladesh Agron. J. 2022, 25(2): 97-107 YIELD OF MUNGBEAN AS INFLUENCED BY PLANTING GEOMETRY AND INTEGRATED FERTILIZER MANAGEMENT M.S. Hosen, S.C. Sarker1, H.M.M.T. Hossain1, M. Roy2, M. Hasanuzzaman1, A. Rahman1 1Department of Agronomy, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207. 2Department of Agricultural Forestry and Environmental Science, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka *Corresponding E-mail: shimulsau@gmail.com (Received: 24 November 2022, Accepted: 16 December 2022) Keywords: Planting geometry, Yield, Organic and inorganic fertilizers Abstract Mungbean production is decreasing because of inappropriate management of fertilizer and plant population so a study was initiated to find out the effect of different combinations of organic and inorganic fertilizers with different plant geometry on the yield of mungbean var. BARI Mung-5. The experiment was laid out in a split- plot design with three replications. The experiment comprised of three level of plant geometry viz. S1= 20 cm × 10 cm, S2= 30 cm × 10 cm and S3= 45 cm × 15 cm, and six level of fertilizers: F0= Control (without fertilizer), F1= Recommended dose of NPK, F2=5 t ha-1cowdung, F3=5 t ha-1cowdung with recommended dose of NPK, F4= 2.5 t ha-1 cowdung with recommended dose of NPK and F5=2.5 t ha-1cowdung with half recommended dose of NPK. Among the three spacing, 30 cm × 10 cm (S2) produced maximum seed yield (1022.8 kg ha-1) while the lowest in S3 (834.4 kg ha-1). Cowdung had a significant effect on the seed yield and yield attributes of mungbean. The maximum seed yield (1038.9 kg ha-1) was obtained F4 while minimum (930.0 kg h-1) by applying cowdung @5 t ha-1. Among the treatment combinations, S2F4 was showed maximum yield (1156.7 kg ha-1) when considering stover yield and biological yield. Plant spacing of 30 cm × 10 cm along with 2.5 t ha-1 with recommended dose of 40, 80, 30 kg ha-1 of Urea, TSP, MoP could be more beneficial for the farmers to get maximum yield from var. BARI Mung-5. Introduction Mungbean (Vigna radiata) is the most important pulse crop of Bangladesh and positions the third in protein substance and ranked fourth in respect of pulse cropped area (MoA, 2014). According to FAO (2013), a minimum intake of pulse by an individual should be 80 g/day, whereas it is 47.92 g in Bangladesh (BBS, 2016). In Bangladesh, total yield of pulses is only 0.65 million ton (MT) against 2.7 MT requirement. This implies the lack is practically 80% of the complete prerequisite (Rahman and Ali, 2007). Presumably, the lower yield of mungbean is one of the main reasons behind this disparity (MoA, 2005). A good quality soil should have at least 2.5% organic matter, but in Bangladesh most of the soils have less than 1.5%, and some soils even less than 1% organic matter (BARC, 2005). Crop residues and soil organic matter both could influence the diversity of soil microbial community and promote the crop growth and yield. Integrated management of chemical fertilizers and organic wastes may be an important approach for sustainable production of crops. 98 Hosen et al. Organic farming express as large-scale use of animal or farm yard manure (FYM), compost, crop residues, green manuring, vermicompost, bio-fertilizers and bio-pesticides. But it may not be possible to obtain desired production from sole use of organic fertilizers. Equilibrium use of fertilizer is important to obtain maximum seed yield. Being leguminous in nature, mungbean needs low nitrogen but optimum doses of other major nutrients as per recommendation. Besides, optimum planting density is an important aspect of modern agriculture for securing good yield (Ahamed et al., 2011). Absorption of efficient sunlight depends on the equal distribution of leaf area, this is possible by proper row spacing and distributing plants in the field (Naseri et al., 2010). High planting density increases competition among the plants and reduce the absorption of light, water and nutrient. The plant having wider spacing produce extra branch and pod, but the number of pods per unit area become low as a result it decreases the yield (Singh et al., 2003).Therefore, optimum plant population ensures normal plant growth due to efficient utilization of moisture, light, space and nutrients, thus increases the yield of crop. Considering the above facts, the study has been undertaken to find out the influence of plant spacing and combinations of fertilizers on the yield performance of mungbean variety. Materials and Methods The experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka during the period from March to May, 2022. The mungbean var. BARI Mung-5 of used for the study. The experiment comprised of three levels of plant spacing viz. S1= 20 cm × 10 cm, S2= 30 cm × 10 cm (BARI recommended) and S3= 45 cm × 15 cm, and six level of fertilizers: F0= Control (without fertilizer), F1= Recommended dose of Nitrogen(N), Phosphorus (P) and Potassium (K) F2=5 t ha-1cowdung, F3=5 t ha-1 cowdung with recommended dose of NPK, F4= 2.5 t ha-1 cowdung with recommended dose of NPK and F5= 2.5 t ha-1cowdung with half recommended dose of NPK. The experiment was laid out in split-plot design having three replications. Spacing placed in the main plot whereas fertilizer in the sub -plots. The plot size was 10 m2. The recommended dose of chemical fertilizers were applied as 40, 80, 30 kg ha-1 of Urea, TSP, MoP. All the fertilizers and cowdung were applied as per treatment combination by broadcasting and mixed with soil thoroughly at the time of final land preparation. Different intercultural operations (thinning, weeding, irrigation, drainage and plant protection measures etc.) were taken at different days after sowing. The insecticide Sumithion 57 EC was sprayed at the rate of 0.02% at the period of pod formation to control pod borer. No disease was observed in the experimental field. Data on pod length, pods per branch, pods per plant, seeds per pod, 1000-seed weight, seed yield were collected for different treatments. Data recorded for yield parameters and analysis of variance was done following computer package MSTAT-C programme. Mean differences among the treatments were tested with Least Significant Differences (LSD) at 5% level. Results and Discussion Yield contributing characters Pod length Different plant spacing and fertilizer dose showed significant effect on pod length (cm). The maximum pod length (7.81 cm) was observed from 30 cm × 10 cm (S2) treatment which was statistically similar (7.7 cm) with S3 treatment (Fig.1A). In case of fertilizer dose, maximum pod length (7.93 cm) was observed from F4 treatment, which was statistically similar to F5 (7.81 cm) and F3 (7.75 cm) treatment whereas minimum pod length (7.16 cm) from F0 treatment (Fig. 1B). In case of interaction effect the maximum pod length (8.06 cm) was observed from S3F4 Effect of Planting Geometry and Integrated Fertilizer Management on Mungbean Yield 99 treatment combination which was statistically similar to S2F4, S2F5, S2F3, S3F2, S3F3, S3F5, S1F5, S2F1 S2F2 and S1F4 treatment combination (Table 1). The minimum pod length (6.78 cm) was observed from S1F0 treatment combination which was statistically similar (7.1 cm) S3F0 treatment combination. Previous findings shows that the low planting density per unit area i.e. higher plant spacing helps the plant to uptake extra nutrient and water. They also get more sunlight which was helpful for photosynthesis, consequently more dry matter partitioning to the reproductive unit of plant (pod), thus amplified the pod length compared to the densely populated plot (Agasimani et al., 1984). Nitrogen might increase the branch number plant-1 of mungbean as a result the pod length increased and it was in full agreement with Hossen et al. (2015). S1 = 20 cm × 10 cm, S2 = 30 cm × 10 cm, S3 = 45cm × 15cm, F0 = Control, F1 = BARI Recommended NPK, F2 = 5 t ha-1cowdung, F3 = 5 t ha-1 cowdung with recommended dose of NPK, F4= 2.5 t ha-1 cowdung with recommended dose of NPK, F5= 2.5 t ha-1cowdungwith half of recommended dose of NPK. (LSD (0.05) = 0.24 for plant spacing and 0.23 for fertilizer dose) Fig.1. Effect of spacing and fertilizer on pod length of mungbean Pods per branch Number of pods branch plant-1 was influenced by different plant spacing and nutrient management. The maximum pods branch plant-1 (5.6) was observed from S3 treatment where as minimum pods branch plant-1 (3.69) from S2 treatment (Fig.2A). The maximum pods branch-1 (6.13) was observed from F4 treatment whereas minimum (3.17) from F0 (Fig.2B). S1 = 20cm × 10 cm, S2 = 30cm × 10 cm, S3 = 45cm × 15 cm, F0 = Control, F1 = BARI Recommended NPK, F2 = 5 t ha-1cowdung, F3 = 5 t ha-1cowdung with recommended dose of NPK, F4= 2.5 t ha-1cowdung with recommended dose of NPK, F5 = 2.5 t ha-1cowdung with half of recommended dose of NPK. LSD (0.05) = 0.13 for plant spacing and 0.12 for fertilizer dose, respectively Fig. 2. Effect of spacing and fertilizer dose on number of pods per branchof mungbean 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 S1 S2 S3 P o d b ra n c h -1 Plant spacing A 0 2 4 6 8 10 S1 S2 S3 P o d le n g th ( c m ) Plant spacing A 0 2 4 6 8 10 F0 F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 P o d l e n g th ( c m ) Fertilizer dose B 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 F0 F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 P o d b ra n c h -1 Fertilizer dose B 100 Hosen et al. In case of treatment combinations, the maximum pods branch plant-1 (7.17) was observed from 45cm × 15 cm spacing along with 2.5 t ha-1cowdung with recommended dose of NPK(S3F4), whereas minimum pods branch plant-1 (2.46) from S2F0 treatment combination which was statistically similar (2.50, 2.5 and 2.64) with S2F0, S1F0and S2F5 treatment combinations, respectively. Number of pods per branch might be varied due to plant spacing. Hossen et al. (2015) found that significant variation on number of pods per branch among mungbean plant. Aslam et al. (2010) also found that combined application of FYM, poultry manure and chemical fertilizer recorded higher number of pods branch-1 that indicating earlier of integration of the two sources in having improved mungbean productivity. Pods plant-1 Different plant spacing showed significant effect on number of pods plant-1 (Fig.3A). The maximum number of pods plant-1 (21.11) was observed from S3 treatment, which was statistically similar to 30 cm × 10 cm (S2) pods plant-1 of 20.57. The minimum number of pods plant-1(18.33) was observed from S1 treatment. It was also found that the maximum number of pods plant-1 (22.18) was observed from F4 treatment whereas minimum number of pods plant-1 (18.7) was observed from F0 treatment, which was statistically similar (18.74) to F2 treatment (Fig. 3B).Interaction effect of different plant spacing and combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers showed significant variation on number of pods plant-1. The experimental result showed that the maximum number of pods plant-1 (24.44) was observed from 45cm × 15 cm spacing along with 2.5 t ha-1 cowdung with recommended dose of NPK(S3F4) treatment combination (Table 1). While minimum number of pods plant-1 (17.11) was observed from S1F0 treatment combination which was statistically similar (17.55) with S3F2treatment combination (Table 1). It seems that plants grown at wider spacing met with lower intra-specific competition throughout the growing period which produces higher number of pod. Hossen et al. (2015) also found that plant density effects on pod number while Asaduzzaman et al. (2008) and Srinivas et al. (2002) also observed that the organic manure boost up the available form of chemical nutrients and plant easily uptake of soil nutrients which influence the number of pod. S1 = 20 cm × 10 cm, S2 = 30 cm × 10 cm, S3 = 45 cm × 15 cm, F0 = Control, F1 = BARI Recommended NPK, F2 = 5 t ha-1cowdung, F3 = 5 t ha-1 cowdung with recommended dose of NPK, F4= 2.5 t ha-1cowdung with recommended dose of NPK, F5 = 2.5 t ha-1 cowdung with half of recommended dose of NPK LSD (0.05) = 0.69 for plant spacing and 0.64 fertilizer dose, respectively. Fig. 3. Effect of spacing and fertilizer dose on pods plant-1 of mungbean 0 5 10 15 20 25 S1 S2 S3 P o d p la n t- 1 Plant spacing A 0 5 10 15 20 25 F0 F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 P o d p la n t- 1 Ferlitizer dose B Effect of Planting Geometry and Integrated Fertilizer Management on Mungbean Yield 101 Seeds pod-1 Various plant spacing showed significant effect on number of seeds pod-1 (Fig. 4A). The experimental result exhibited that the maximum number of seeds pod-1 (11.62) was observed from S3 treatment, which was statistically similar (11.59) to S2 treatment and the maximum number of seeds pod-1 (12.04) from F4 treatment whereas minimum seeds pod-1 (10.56) from F0 treatment (Fig. 4B). It also observed that the maximum seeds pod-1 (12.90) was observed from S3F4 treatment combination whereas minimum number of seeds pod-1 (9.67) from S1F0 treatment combination. Foysal et al. (2016) and Rasul et al. (2012) found that planting density significantly influenced the number of seeds pod-1. They also found that lower planting density gave the higher number of seeds pod-1. Nigamananda and Elamathi (2007) explained that organic and inorganic fertilizer mixtures showed significant effect on seeds pod-1. S1: 20 cm × 10 cm, S2: 30 cm × 10 cm, S3: 45 cm × 15 cm, F0 = Control, F1 = BARI Recommended NPK, F2 = 5 t ha-1cowdung, F3 = 5 t ha-1cowdung + Recommended NPK, F4= 2.5 t ha-1cowdung + Recommended NPK, F5= 2.5 t ha-1cowdung + 1/2 Recommended NPK . LSD (0.05) = 0.50 for plant spacing and 0.48 for fertilizer dose respectively. Fig. 4. Effect of spacing and fertilizer dose on number of seed per plant of mungbean 1000-seed weight The experimental result exhibited that the maximum 1000-seed weight (48.72 g) was observed from S3 treatment, which was statistically similar (48.36 g) to S2 treatment (Fig. 5A). The maximum 1000-seed weight (50.84 g) was observed from 2.5 t ha-1cowdung + Recommended NPK (F4) treatment. Whereas minimum thousand seeds weight (45.83) was observed from F0 treatment (Fig. 5B). The experimental result showed that the maximum thousand seeds weight (51.47 g) was observed from S3F4 treatment combination, which was statistically similar (51.43, 49.61, 49.61, 49.52 and 49.33 g) to the treatment combinations of S2F4, S1F4, S3F1, S3F2, S3F1 and S2F2. The minimum thousand seeds weight (45.247 g) was observed from S2F0 treatment combination, which was statistically similar (45.74, 45.83, 46.51, 47.14, 47.34 and 47.37 g) to S1F0, S1F3, S3F0, S1F1, S3F3 and S1F2 treatment combinations (Table 1). It was also found that plant spacing significantly affected the seed yield of legumes (Porwal et al., 1991). Rasul et al. (2012) explained that wider row spacing help to get highest 1000-seed weight of mungbean. It was also observed that combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers showed significant effect on thousand seeds weight (Razzaque et al., 2015 and Hossen et al., 2015). 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 S1 S2 S3 S e e d s p o d -1 Plant spacing A 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 F0 F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 S e e d s P o d -1 Fertilizer dose B 102 Hosen et al. S1: 20 cm × 10 cm, S2: 30 cm × 10 cm, S3: 45cm × 15 cm, F0 = Control, F1 = BARI Recommended NPK, F2 = 5 t ha-1cowdung, F3 = 5 t ha-1cowdung + Recommended NPK, F4= 2.5 t ha-1cowdung + Recommended NPK, F5= 2.5 t ha-1cowdung + 1/2 Recommended NPK LSD (0.05) =1.23 for plant spacing and 1.19 for fertilizer dose, respectively. Fig. 5. Effect of spacing and fertilizer dose on thousand seeds weight of mungbean Table 1. Interaction effect of spacing and fertilizer dose on yield contributing characters of mungbean Treatment Yield contributes characters Combinations Pod length (cm) Pods branch-1 (No.) Pods plant-1 (No.) Seeds pod-1 (No.) 1000 -seed weight (g) S1F0 6.78d 2.5j 17.11i 9.67d 45.74fg S1F1 7.51bc 4.5f 18.33gh 11.5bc 47.14d-g S1F2 7.52bc 2.92i 18.33gh 11c 47.37c-g S1F3 7.6b 5.19de 18.33gh 11c 45.83fg S1F4 7.68ab 5.26d 19.33efg 11.33bc 49.61ab S1F5 7.78ab 5.33d 18.56fgh 11.27bc 47.59b-f S2F0 7.59b 2.46j 18.78fg 11c 45.25g S2F1 7.77ab 3.82g 21.44cd 11.6bc 48.19b-e S2F2 7.74ab 3.3h 20.33de 11.8bc 49.33a-d S2F3 7.86ab 3.95g 21.44cd 11.8bc 48.2b-e S2F4 8.06a 5.96c 22.78b 11.9b 51.43a S2F5 7.86ab 2.64ij 18.67fgh 11.47bc 47.76b-f S3F0 7.1cd 4.55f 20.22e 11c 46.51e-g S3F1 7.62b 5.29d 22.44bc 11.13bc 49.52a-c S3F2 7.84ab 5.09de 17.55hi 11.67bc 49.61ab S3F3 7.79ab 6.51b 19.55ef 11.5bc 47.34d-g S3F4 8.06a 7.17a 24.44a 12.9a 51.47a S3F5 7.78ab 4.97e 22.44bc 11.5bc 47.88b-f LSD(0.05) 0.40 0.23 1.11 0.83 2.07 CV (%) 3.14 3.04 3.33 4.37 2.58 Note: S1: 20cm × 10 cm, S2:30cm × 10 cm, S3: 45cm × 15 cm, F0 = Control, F1 = BARI Recommended NPK, F2 = 5 t ha-1cowdung, F3 = 5 t ha-1cowdung + Recommended NPK, F4= 2.5 t ha-1cowdung + Recommended NPK, F5= 2.5 t ha-1cowdung + 1/2 Recommended NPK Yield parameters Seed yield The experimental result exhibited that the maximum seed yield (1022.8 kg ha-1) was observed from S2 treatment whereas minimum seed yield (834.4 kg ha-1) from S3 treatment (Fig. 6A). In 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 S1 S2 S3 1 0 0 0 - S e e d s w e ig h t (g ) Plant spacing A 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 F0 F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 1 0 0 0 S e e d s w e ig h t (g ) Fertilizer dose B Effect of Planting Geometry and Integrated Fertilizer Management on Mungbean Yield 103 case of fertilizer management, the maximum seed yield (1038.9 kg ha-1) was observed from F4 treatment. The minimum seed yield (772.2 kg ha-1) was observed from F0 treatment (Fig.6B). The maximum seed yield (1156.7 kg ha-1) was observed from S2F4 treatment combination on the other hand minimum seed yield (693.3 kg ha-1) was observed from S3F0 treatment combination (Table 2). Plant produced low seed yield in close spacing because there was huge intra plant competition between them for moisture, sunlight and soil nutrients. This result was also coincide with Rasul et al., (2012); Ali et al. (2010); Panwar and Sirohi (1987) and Agarico (1985), who reported that, crop sown at inter-row spacing of 30 cm gave maximum seed yield while lowest seed yield at inter-row spacing of 60 cm. Consistent with organic and inorganic fertilizers mixtures effect on pods per plant, the effect was also significant on seed yield (Haque et al., 2001, Asaduzzaman et al., 2008 and Kamal et al., 2001). S1: 20 cm × 10 cm, S2: 30 cm × 10 cm (Recommended), S3: 45 cm × 15 cm, F0 = Control, F1 = BARI Recommended NPK, F2 = 5 t ha-1 cowdung, F3 = 5 t ha-1 cowdung + Recommended NPK, F4= 2.5 t ha-1 cowdung + Recommended NPK, F5= 2.5 t ha-1 cowdung + 1/2 Recommended NPK LSD (0.05) = 29.59 for spacing and 27.699 for fertilizer dose, respectively. Fig. 6. Effect of spacing and fertilizer dose on grain yield of mungbean Stover yield Stover yield of mungbean was significantly differed due to the application of different spacing. From the experiment result exhibited that the maximum stover yield (1974.2 kg ha-1) was observed from S1 treatment. Whereas minimum stover yield (1421.7 kg ha-1) was observed from S3 treatment (Fig. 7A); S1: 20 cm × 10 cm, S2: 30 cm × 10 cm, S3: 45 cm × 15 cm, F0 = Control, F1 = BARI Recommended NPK, F2 = 5 t ha-1cowdung, F3 = 5 t ha-1cowdung + Recommended NPK, F4= 2.5 t ha-1cowdung + Recommended NPK, F5= 2.5 t ha-1cowdung + 1/2 Recommended NPK. LSD (0.05)= 53.43 for spacing and 50.74 for fertilizer dose, respectively. Fig. 7. Effect of spacing and fertilizer dose on stover yield of mungbean 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 S1 S2 S3 G ra in y ie ld ( k g h a -1 ) Plant spacing A 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 F0 F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 G ra in y ie ld ( k g h a -1 ) Fertilizer dose B 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 S1 S2 S3 S to v e r y ie ld ( k g h a -1 ) Plant spacing A 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 F0 F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 S to v e r y ie ld ( k g h a -1 ) Fertilizer dose B 104 Hosen et al. F2 treatment gave the maximum stover yield (1850 kg ha-1) whereas F4 treatment gave the minimum (1606.3 kg ha-1), which was statistically similar (1647.8) to F0 treatment(Fig.7B).In different treatment combinations the maximum stover yield (2180 kg ha-1) was observed from S1F2 treatment and minimum (1258.7 kg ha-1) was from S3F0 treatment which was statistically similar (1280 kg ha-1) to S3F1 treatment(Table2).These results uphold with the findings of Foysal et al. (2016); Kabir and Sarkar (2008) and Hossen et al. (2015) concluded that stover yield differed significantly among the spacing and fertilizers combinations. Biological yield The experimental result showed that the maximum biological yield (2878.1 kg ha-1) was observed from S1 treatment whereas minimum biological yield (2256.2 kg ha-1) from S3 treatment (Fig.8A). The maximum biological yield (2780 kg ha-1) was observed from F2 treatment which was statistically similar (2683.2 kg ha-1) with F5 treatment where the minimum biological yield (2420 kg ha-1) from F0 treatment(Fig.8B). In case of the application of different spacing and fertilizer management the maximum biological yield (3076.7 kg ha-1) was observed from S1F2 treatment combination which was statistically similar (3006.7, 2973.3, 2930, 2873.7 kg ha-1) from S2F2, S2F1, S1F5 and S1F4 treatment combinations whereas minimum biological yield (1952 kg ha-1) from S3F0 treatment combination, which was statistically similar (2083.3 kg ha-1) to S3F1 treatment combination (Table 2).The more biomass produced at low spacing because of maximum plant population (Ghasempour and Ashori, 2014 and Khan et al. 2001).The use of cowdung increased the biological yield of legumes (Mahboob and Asghar, 2002). S1: 20 cm × 10 cm, S2: 30 cm × 10 cm, S3: 45cm × 15 cm, F0 = Control, F1 = BARI Recommended NPK, F2 = 5 t ha-1cowdung, F3 = 5 t ha-1cowdung + Recommended NPK, F4= 2.5 t ha-1cowdung + Recommended NPK, F5= 2.5 t ha-1cowdung + 1/2 Recommended NPK LSD (0.05) = 140.53 for spacing and 132.32 for fertilizer dose, respectively Fig. 8. Effect of spacing and fertilizer dose on biological yield of mungbean Harvest index Harvest index of mungbean was significantly differed due to the application of different spacing and combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers. The maximum harvest index (37.14%) was observed from S2 treatment which was statistically similar (36.98%) with S3 treatment (Fig. 9A). On the other hand the maximum harvest index (39.35%) was observed from F4 treatment, whereas minimum harvest index (32.28%) from F0 treatment (Fig. 9A). The result of the investigation also revealed that the maximum harvest index (44.71%) was observed from S2F4 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 F0 F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 B io lo g ic a l y ie ld ( k g h a -1 ) Fertilizer dose B 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 S1 S2 S3 B io lo g ic a l y ie ld ( k g h a -1 ) Plant spacing A Effect of Planting Geometry and Integrated Fertilizer Management on Mungbean Yield 105 treatment combination while minimum (28.19%) was observed from S1F0 treatment combinations followed by (29.14, 29.97 and 31.06 %) with S1F2, S1F1 andS1F5 treatment combinations (Table 2). Row spacing (40 cm) helped to get highest harvest index of mungbean as also supported by Mansoor et al. (2010) and Khan et al. (2001). S1: 20 cm × 10 cm, S2: 30 cm × 10 cm, S3: 45 cm × 15 cm, F1 = BARI Recommended NPK, F2 = 5 t ha-1 cowdung, F3 = 5 t ha-1 cowdung + Recommended NPK, F4= 2.5 t ha-1 cowdung + Recommended NPK, F5= 2.5 t ha-1 cowdung + 1/2 Recommended NPK LSD (0.05) = 2.07 for spacing and 1.93 for fertilizer dose, respectively Fig. 9. Effect of spacing and fertilizer dose on biological yield of mungbean Table 2. Interaction effect of spacing and fertilizer dose on yield characters of mungbean Treatment Yield character Combinations Seed yield (kg ha-1) Stover yield (kg ha-1) Biological yield (kg ha-1) Harvest index (%) S1F0 770k 1961.3b 2731.3c-f 28.191h S1F1 850h-j 1986.7b 2836.7b-e 29.97gh S1F2 896.7f-h 2180a 3076.7a 29.14h S1F3 950de 1870cd 2820b-f 33.69d-f S1F4 1046.7bc 1827de 2873.7a-d 36.42b-e S1F5 910e-g 2020b 2930a-c 31.06f-h S2F0 853.3h-j 1723.3f 2576.7fg 33.12e-g S2F1 996.7cd 1976.7b 2973.3a-c 33.52d-g S2F2 1050b 1956.7bc 3006.7ab 34.92c-e S2F3 1050b 1596.7g 2646.7d-g 39.67b S2F4 1156.7a 1430.3i 2587e-g 44.71a S2F5 1030bc 1763ef 2793b-f 36.88b-d S3F0 693.3l 1258.7j 1952j 35.52c-e S3F1 803.3jk 1280j 2083.3ij 38.56bc S3F2 843.3ij 1413.3i 2256.7hi 37.37bc S3F3 893.3f-h 1550gh 2443.3gh 36.56b-e S3F4 913.3ef 1561.7g 2475gh 36.9b-d S3F5 860g-i 1466.7hi 2326.7h 36.96b-d LSD(0.05) 47.98 87.89 229.18 3.34 CV (%) 3.13 3.08 5.22 5.69 Note: S1: 20 cm × 10 cm, S2: 30 cm × 10 cm, S3: 45 cm × 15 cm F0 = Control, F1 = BARI Recommended NPK, F2 = 5 t ha-1cowdung, F3 = 5 t ha-1cowdung + Recommended NPK, F4= 2.5 t ha-1cowdung + Recommended NPK, F5= 2.5 t ha-1cowdung + 1/2 Recommended NPK 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 S1 S2 S3 H a rv e st i n d e x ( % ) Plant spacing 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 F0 F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 H a rv e st i n d e x ( % ) Fertilizer dose B A 106 Hosen et al. 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