Bangladesh Agron. J. 2023, 26(1): 112-121 EFFECT OF FERTILIZER ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF BORO AND T. AMAN RICE IN THE SOILS OF INDUSTRIALLY POLLUTED AGRICULTURAL LAND AREAS OF MADHUPUR TRACT M.N Huda1, S.M. Masum2, M.O.A Mollick3 and M.A. Khan3* 1Deputy Director, External Service, Bangladesh Betar, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh 2Department of Agronomy, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207,Bangladesh 3Department of Soil Science, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh *Corresponding author, Email: makhan@sau.edu.bd (Received: 22 August 2023, Accepted: 20 September 2023) Keywords: Industrial pollution, fertilizer, Boro rice, T. Aman rice, yield Abstract A pot experiment was conducted during 2018-19 in a net house at the Department of Soil Science, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, to determine fertilizer's effect on the growth and yield of Boro and T. Aman rice in the soils of industrially polluted agricultural land areas of Madhupur Tract. The study consisted of two factors, i.e., polluted soil viz., S1: Non- polluted soil, S2: polluted soil-1, S3: polluted soil-2, S4: polluted soil-3, and four fertilizer treatments viz., T0: Control, T1: N150P30K60S20Zn3.0 (100%RDCF), T2: N105P21K42S14Zn2.1 (70%RDCF) T3: N75P15K30S10Zn1.5(50%RDCF) The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Among the soils, the highest Boro rice grain yield of 90.83 g pot-1 was found in S2 (polluted soil-1) soil, and the lowest 41.66 g pot-1 in soil S1 (Non-polluted soil). The treatment T3(50% RDCF) fertilizer treatment gave the highest plant height (84.12 cm), effective tillers (42.5 hill–1), straw (112.58g pot –1) and grain yield (80.03g pot−1) of Boro rice. The higher grain and straw yields of Boro rice were obtained from two industrially polluted soils (S2 and S4). The maximum grain yield (112.3g pot–1) of Boro was found in S2T3 (Contaminated soil 1 and 50% RDCF) , which was statistically similar to S4T2 and S4T3 and lowest in the S1T0 treatment combination. The maximum T. Aman grain yield (38.75gpot−1) was obtained in soil S2 (polluted soil-1), which at par to S4 (polluted soil-3). The maximum T. Aman rice grain yield (36.68 g pot−1) was found in the T2 treatment, which was closely by T1 treatment. Similarly, the maximum T. Aman grain yield was obtained in S2T1 (Contaminated soil 1 and 100% RDCF) which was statistically similar to S2T2, S4T1, and S4T2 and lowest in the S1T0 treatment combination. The highest T. Aman straw yield was found in the S3T1 and lowest in the S1T0 treatment combination. Introduction Generally, industrial effluents contain several metals which are harmful to plants as well as animals. The effluents generated by textile industries contribute a substantial share of contaminants for pollution of the disposal areas. This problem is most severe in developing countries like Bangladesh. The situation in Bangladesh is too worse because of poor management and disposal of industrial effluents. Improper management and disposal of industrial effluents may cause tremendous negative impacts to our water, soil, crops, aquatic and wildlife, human, biodiversity, and environment. There is a rapid establishment of textile and dyeing industries in many areas of Bangladesh. Bhaluka is one of the commercially important areas where industrial clusters have developed as part of the country's rapid economic growth. Although poultry farms, pharmaceutical industries, and a tannery have been established there, textile manufacturers, including dyeing and Effect of fertilizer on the growth and yield of rice 113 printing units, dominate the area (Chowdhury and Clemett, 2006). These industries provide employment, increase local incomes, and earn foreign exchange. But these industries have brought a range of problems, including serious environmental pollution. These industries discharge untreated effluents into the ecosystem, which local people depend on for their livelihoods. Industrial effluents contain appreciable amounts of trace metals, which may accumulate in the soil, thus creating a problem for the safe and rational utilization of agricultural soils (Chen et al., 2005). Industrial wastewater contains various toxic materials. At low concentrations, some trace elements (e.g., Cu, Mn, Ni, Se, and Zn, etc.) are essential for the healthy functioning and reproduction of microorganisms, plants, and animals, including man. However, at high concentrations, the same essential elements may pose toxicity. Trace elements are present naturally in the soil.Moreover, textile effluent is recognized as the top-ranked pollutant among all industrial sectors considering effluents' volume and composition (Vanndevivera et al., 1998; Roy et al., 2010). The disposal of textile effluents in crop fields decreased rice production which was responsible for environmental degradation (Setyorini et al., 2002). Usually, industrial effluents contain specific chemicals which pollute different water bodies and damages aquatic ecosystem (Moeller and Dade, 1992; Benard and Wright, 1998). It was also reported that industrial effluents were not encouraged for irrigation due to health hazards, which may harm crops and crop consumers (Ogedngbe and Akinbile, 2010). Disposal of textile effluents to crop fields decreased rice production and was responsible for environmental degradation (Setyorini et al., 2002). Most industries in Bangladesh seldom pass the effluent through water treatment plants; as a result, untreated industrial effluent floods the land, mostly rice fields surrounding the industries. Large amounts of external nutrient inputs in soil through industrial effluent and the unscientific use of fertilizers have contributed to low N and P use efficiency, resulting in serious soil degradation, eutrophication, groundwater pollution and the emission of ammonia and greenhouse gases (Qi et al. 2020). The information’s on crops grown in the industrially polluted soils of Bangladesh and appropriate fertilizer management is still lacking. Therefore, the study evaluated rice growth and yield in industrially polluted soils and assessed the effect of fertilizer management on the growth and yield of rice in industrially contaminated soils. Materials and Methods The experiment was conducted at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University net house from December 2018 to November 2019. The industrially polluted soils of the experiment belong to the AEZ No. 28, Madhupur Tract, in Bangladesh. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Considering the soil pollution intensity, four different soils were collected from Bhaluka industrially polluted rice growing areas. The soil texture, pH, % OC, and metal concentrations are mentioned in Table 1. There were 48 pots (4 fertilizer treatments x 4 industrially polluted soils x 3 replications) altogether, and 17 kg of soil was taken in each pot. The fertilizer treatments were used in this experiment based on BARC fertilizer recommendation guide, 2018. The required amount of inorganic fertilizers was used in this rice experiment. The initial soil samples were dried, powdered in a mill, and analyzed for nutrient content and physicochemical properties following standard methods. There were four fertilizer treatments, namely T0: Control, T1: N150P30K60S20Zn3.0 (100% RDCF), T2: N105P21K42S14Zn2.1 (70% RDCF) T3: N75P15K30S10Zn1.5 (50% RDCF) in combination with 4 soils (S1: Non-polluted soil, S2: polluted soil-1, S3: polluted soil-2, S4: polluted soil-3). Traditional irrigation i.e., continuous flooding (2-3 cm water) was imposed during Boro and T. Aman rice growing period High-yielding popular rice var. BRRI dhan29 was used for Boro rice. Treatment-wise, required 114 M.A.Khan et al. amounts of fertilizer were applied to both crops Boro and T. Aman rice. The required amount of TSP, MOP, gypsum, zinc sulphate, and one third urea was applied during the final pot preparation by considering the fertilizer treatments and weight of pot soil. The fertilizers were uniformly mixed in the soils of the pot. The first crop var. BRRI dhan29 was transplanted in the first week of January 2019. Two seedlings were transplanted in each pot to make one hill, and intercultural operations were done as required. The crop was harvested at maturity on May 2019. The grains were separated from straw and filled and unfilled grains counted. The weights of grain and straw were recorded after drying. After the harvest of Boro rice, the T. Aman rice (var. BRRI dhan33) was grown in the same pots to find out the residual effects of applied fertilizer to the previous crop (Boro rice) and newly treatment wise added fertilizer for T. Aman rice. The lower amounts of fertilizer were applied during T. Aman rice grows according to the recommended dose of chemical fertilizer (N120P20K60S10Zn1.5). The data of yield parameters and yields were recorded. After harvesting T. Aman rice, the yield and yield parameters were recorded. The data were analyzed with MSTAT-C. The initial soils were analyzed for soil organic matter, pH, total Cd, Pb, and Zn. Soil pH was measured by a glass electrode pH meter using a soil-water ratio of 1:2:5 (McLean, 1982). Organic matter content was estimated by the wet oxidation method (Nelson and Sommers, 1982). The Cd, Pb, and Zn concentrations in soil samples were determined by an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Model: novAA400P, Brand: analytic jena) (Scott et al., 1991) (Table 1). For the determination of total Cd, Pb, and Zn concentrations, soil samples were digested using HNO3 and HClO4 and concentrations were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The higher levels of organic carbon, Cd and Pb were observed in the industrially polluted soils than non-polluted soils. The statistical analysis and the means were separated using Duncans Multiple Range Test as per Gomez and Gomez (1984). Table 1. The physicochemical properties and Cd, Pb, and Zn concentrations in industrially polluted initial soils Soils Cd Conc. (ppm) Pb Conc. (ppm) Zn Conc. (ppm) pH % OC Soil texture S1(Non-polluted Soils of industrial area) 0.52 1.91 59.0 6.4 0.76 Silt loam S2(Industrially polluted soil-1) 3.48 5.81 61.0 6.5 0.92 Silt loam S3(Industrially polluted soil-2) 3.68 6.03 64.0 6.4 1.03 Silt loam S4(Industrially polluted soil-3) 4.09 6.21 59.5 6.5 0.98 Silt loam Results and Discussion Effect of soil on the growth, yield parameters, and yield of Boro rice The polluted soils significantly influenced the Boro rice yield parameters and straw yields (Table 2). The higher number of effective tillers hill-1 and panicle length were noticed in S3 (polluted soil-2). The higher plant height, number of filled grains panicle−1, thousand seed weight, and grain yield (g pot−1) were found in S2 (polluted soil-1), and lower values of the following yield parameters and yields were found in the non-polluted soil (S-1) (Table 2). The highest number of unfilled grains panicle−1 was obtained in S3 (polluted soil-2) soil, This result indicates that grain unfilling increased due to industrial soil pollution. The maximum grain yield (90.83 g pot−1) was found in S2 (polluted soil-1), which was statistically similar to S4 (polluted soil-3), and the lowest 67.87 g pot−1 in the S1 (non-polluted soil). The highest straw yield (117.67 g pot−1) was obtained in S4 (polluted soil- Effect of fertilizer on the growth and yield of rice 115 3), which was statistically similar to S2 (polluted soil-1) and S3 (polluted soil-2) soils and the lowest straw yield in the soil S1 (Non-polluted soil). The higher and statistically similar grain and straw yields were obtained from three industrially polluted soils (S2, S3, and S4). Table 2. Effect of soil on growth, yield contributing parameters, and yield of Boro rice Treatment Effective tiller hill−1 Non- Effective tillers hill−1 Plant height (cm) Panicle length (cm) Filled grains panicle−1 Un-filled grain 1000- grain wt. (g) Straw yield (g) Grain yield (g) S1 22.00c 2.92b 72.37c 23.74c 122.2a 35.5c 21.17ab 48.00b 41.658c S2 39.58b 3.92b 88.71a 26.95ab 136.0a 32.2c 22.00a 111.08a 90.825a S3 47.50a 5.92a 83.65b 27.30a 104.7b 75.7a 20.42b 112.17a 69.558b S4 39.33b 6.25a 84.12ab 26.15b 132.8a 44.4b 20.75ab 117.67a 90.525a SE± 1.62 0.24 1.10 0.22 3.48 1.93 0.30 2.77 2.52 In a column means having a similar letter(s) are statistically similar and those having a dissimilar letter(s) differ significantly at a 0.05 level of probability Here,S1: Non-polluted soil, S2: polluted soil-1, S3: polluted soil-2, S4: polluted soil-3 Effects of fertilizer on the growth, yield parameters, and yield of Boro rice Different fertilizer treatments significantly affected the plant height, panicle length, effective tillers hill−1, filled grains panicle−1, 1000-grain weight, and grain and straw yields (g pot- 1) (Table 3). Table 3. Effect of fertilizer on growth, yield contributing parameters, and yield of Boro rice Treatment Effective tiller hill−1 Non- Effective tiller hill−1 Plant height (cm) Panicle length (cm) Filled grains panicle−1 Un-filled grain 1000- grain wt. (g) Straw yield (g) Grain yield (g) T0 28.25b 4.58b 78.50b 25.63 117.0a 43.8b 21.50 71.83c 63.058b T1 40.67a 6.42a 82.58ab 26.41 131.1a 54.4a 21.33 99.67b 73.575ab T2 37.00a 3.67b 84.96a 25.80 120.9a 43.5b 20.92 104.83ab 75.908a T3 42.50a 4.33b 82.82ab 26.30 126.7a 46.0ab 20.58 112.58a 80.025a SE 1.62 0.24 1.10 0.22 3.48 1.93 0.30 2.77 2.52 In a column means having a similar letter(s) are statistically similar and those having a dissimilar letter(s) differ significantly at a 0.05 level of probability Here, T0: Control, T1: N150P30K60S20Zn3.0 (100%RDCF), T2: N105P21K42S14Zn2.1 (70%RDCF) T3: N75P15K30S10Zn1.5 (50%RDCF) The higher number of non-effective tillers pot−1 (6.42), filled grains panicle−1 (131.1), un- filled grains panicle−1 (54.4), and panicle length (26.41 cm) were found in the T1 treatment where 100% RDCF was applied. The treatment T2 (70 % RDCF) fertilizer gave the maximum plant height (84.96 cm) which was, statistically similar to all other treatments except the control. The maximum number of effective tillers hill−1 (42.50), straw (112.58g pot−1), and grain yield (80.03g pot−1) were obtained in fertilizer treatment T3 (50% RDCF), which was statistically similar to T2 (70 % RDCF) and T1 (100 % RDCF) treatments. The results indicate that application of lower levels of fertilizer (50% RDCF or 70% RDCF) performed better for increasing Boro rice yield in industrially polluted soils may be due to higher organic matter, nutrient, beneficial and toxic elements supplying capacity of industrially polluted soils. 116 M.A.Khan et al. Continuous use effluents in the industrially polluted soils for rice production could result in accumulation elements in the concentrations (Ghafoor et al., 1999). Polluted soils can supply more N, P and K and also valuable micronutrients than what crops require (Panicker, 1995) and crops gave higher yields in this study where 50% RDCF or 70 % RDCF were applied. Interaction effects of fertilizer and manure on the growth, yield parameters, and yield of Boro rice The plant height, panicle length, effective tillers hill−1, filled grains panicle-1, unfilled grains panicle−1, and grain and straw yields of Boro rice were significantly influenced by the interaction effects of soil and fertilizer treatments (Table 4). The maximum number of effective tillers hill−1 (47.33) was found in S3T3 (polluted soil 2 and 50% RDCF) , which was statistically similar to S4T2, S4T1, S3T2, S3T1, S2T3, and S2T1 treatment combinations. All industrially polluted soils produced a higher number of tillers than non-polluted soils with different fertilizer treatments. The maximum plant height (91.47cm) was noticed in the S2T2 , which was statistically and closely similar to S2T1, S2T3, S3T2, S3T3, S4T1, S4T2, and S4T3 treatment combinations. Similar to the number of effective tillers hill-1, all industrially polluted soils produced higher plant height than non-polluted soils with different fertilizer treatments. Table 4. Effects soil and fertilizer on growth, yield contributing parameters, and yield of Boro rice In a column means having a similar letter(s) are statistically similar and those having a dissimilar letter(s) differ significantly at a 0.05 level of probability Here,S1: Non-polluted soil, S2: polluted soil-1, S3: polluted soil-2, S4: polluted soil-3; , T0: Control, T1: N150P30K60S20Zn3.0 (100%RDCF), T2: N105P21K42S14Zn2.1 (70%RDCF) T3: N75P15K30S10Zn1.5 (50%RDCF) Similarly, the maximum panicle length (27.83cm) was obtained in S3T3 (polluted soil 2 and 50% RDCF) treatment combination, which was statistically similar to S3T2, S3T1, S2T1, S2T2, Treatments Effective tiller hill−1 Non- Effective tiller hill−1 Plant height (cm) Panicle length (cm) Filled grains panicle−1 Un-filled grains panicle−1 1000- grain wt. (g) Straw yield (g) Grain yield (g) S1×T0 16.67f 2.67 71.23ef 23.47fg 104.4ef 32.5f 22.33 36.33g 31.00 f S1×T1 26.33ef 4.33 75.87d-f 24.93def 161.8a 28.9f 20.67 66.33 f 63.63e S1×T2 18.67f 2.33 72.21d-f 22.33g 102.7ef 34.6ef 21.00 42.00g 38.93f S1×T3 26.33ef 2.33 70.17f 24.21ef 120.0c-e 46.1de 20.67 47.33g 33.07f S2×T0 33.00de 3.67 85.20a-c 26.40a-d 118.7c-e 33.3ef 22.33 78.33def 72.17de S2×T1 45.33abc 5.33 90.20a 27.20ab 135.3bc 32.5f 22.67 142.00ab 104.60a S2×T2 32.67de 3.67 91.47a 27.23ab 145.1ab 33.5ef 21.67 92.67de 74.23de S2×T3 47.33a-c 3.00 87.97a 26.97ab 144.9ab 29.5f 21.33 131.33bc 112.30a S3×T0 38.33cd 5.67 79.43b-d 27.47ab 119.7c-e 77.2b 20.00 96.67d 85.60cd S3×T1 46.33a-c 8.00 76.73d-f 26.73a-c 89.1f 91.1a 20.67 40.33g 30.53f S3×T2 50.33ab 4.33 89.58a 27.18ab 106.4d-f 56.9cd 20.67 159.33a 86.87b- d S3×T3 55.00a 5.67 88.87a 27.83a 103.7ef 77.5b 20.33 152.33a 75.23de S4×T0 25.00ef 6.33 78.14c-e 25.20c-e 125.3b-e 32.3f 21.33 76.00ef 63.47e S4×T1 44.67a-c 8.00 87.51a 26.77ab 138.1a-c 65.1bc 21.33 150.00a 95.53a-c S4×T2 46.33a-c 4.33 86.57ab 26.47a-d 129.5b-d 49.1d 20.33 125.33bc 103.60a b S4×T3 41.33b-d 6.33 84.27a-c 26.17b-d 138.3a-c 30.9f 20.00 119.33c 99.50a-c SE± 3.24 0.48 2.19 0.44 6.95 3.85 0.61 5.55 5.03 CV(%) 15.14 17.42 4.62 2.95 9.72 14.21 4.98 9.88 11.93 Effect of fertilizer on the growth and yield of rice 117 S2T3, S4T1, and S4T2 treatment combinations. The highest grains panicle−1 (161.8) was obtained in S1T1 (non-polluted soil and 100% RDCF), which was statistically comparable to S4T1, S2T2, S2T3 and S4T1 treatment combinations, and it indicates that the numbers of filled grains panicle−1 were increased in non-polluted soils. The highest number of unfilled grains panicle−1 (91.1) and non-effective tillers hill−1 were obtained in S3T1 and S4T1 treatment combinations, and it proves that the application of higher amounts of fertilizers in polluted soils increases the number of non- effective tillers and unfilled grains panicle−1. The highest straw yield (159.3 g pot−1) was found in S3T2 (Contaminated soil 2 and 70% RDCF) , which was statistically similar to S2T1, S3T3, and S4T1 and lowest in S1T0 treatment combination. The maximum grain yield (112.30 g pot−1) was found in S2T3 (Contaminated soil 1 and 50% RDCF) which was statistically comparable to S2T1, S4T1, S4T2, and S4T3 and lowest in S1T0 treatment combination. The higher Boro rice yields were obtained in industrially polluted soils with different fertilizer treatments compared to non-polluted soil S1. These results indicate that applying lower levels of inorganic fertilizers on polluted soils increased the grain and straw yields of Boro rice, and 70 or 50% recommended dose of chemical fertilizer performed better in different industrially polluted soils. The increase in organic matter and nitrogen after wastewater addition would be beneficial for soil fertility. Many investigations, including long and short-term studies, showed that soil fertility increases as a consequence of the application of wastes (Bernal et al., 1993; Chakrabarti, 1995) in industrially polluted soils and this findings support the results of the present experiment where higher yields were obtained in industrially polluted soils by using 70 or 50% recommended dose of chemical fertilizer. Effects of soil on the growth, yield parameters, and yield of T. Aman rice The plant height, panicle length, effective tillers hill−1, non-effective tillers hill−1, filled grains panicle−1, grain and straw yield of T. Aman rice were affected by different soils (Table 5). Table 5. Effect of soil on growth, yield parameters, grain and straw yield of T. Aman rice Treatment Effective tiller number hill−1 Non- Effective tiller number hill−1 Plant height (cm) Panicle length (cm) Filled grains panicle−1 Un-filled grain panicle−1 Straw yield (g) Grain yield (g) S1 14.83c 1.33ab 101.36 24.38a 96.33a 37.35d 27.53b 21.60b S2 24.00b 1.42ab 101.83 24.09ab 86.02b 50.27c 53.93a 38.75a S3 29.50a 1.00b 99.13 22.86b 42.85c 69.99a 54.19a 23.28b S4 24.50b 1.58a 99.77 24.11ab 83.09b 61.86b 47.48a 37.00a SE 0.43 0.11 1.32 0.32 1.75 1.53 1.56 1.14 In a column means having a similar letter(s) are statistically similar and those having a dissimilar letter(s) differ significantly at a 0.05 level of probability ,Here,S1: Non-polluted soil, S2: polluted soil-1, S3: polluted soil-2, S4: polluted soil-3, The highest panicle length (24.38 cm) and filled grains panicle−1(96.33) were found in soil-1 (non-polluted soil). The highest number of effective tillers hill−1(29.50), un-filled grain panicle−1 (69.99) and straw yields (54.19 g pot−1) were found in soil S3 (polluted soil 2). The highest plant height (101.83 cm) and grain yield (38.75 g pot−1) were obtained in soil S2 (polluted soil-1), and the highest grain yield was closely and statistically similar to the grain yield of soil S4 (polluted soil 3). Like Boro rice, the higher grain yields were found in industrially polluted soils. 118 M.A.Khan et al. Effects of fertilizer on the growth, yield parameters, and yield of T. Aman rice The plant height, panicle length, effective tillers hill−1, non-effective tillers hill−1, filled grains panicle−1, and grain and straw yields (g pot−1) were affected by different fertilizer treatments. The higher number of filled grains panicle−1(97.26) and straw yield were noticed in T1 (100% RDCF) treatment. The highest straw yield (52.57 g pot−1) was statistically similar to all other fertilizer treatments except the control. The significantly different and the highest panicle length (24.82 cm), number of effective tillers hill-1 (25.83), and grain yield (36.68 g pot-1) were found in T2 treatment where 70% RDCF was used. The highest grain yield was statistically similar to the T1 treatment (100% RDCF), and the lowest yield in the T0 treatment. The single effect of fertilizer treatments shows that T2 (70% RDCF) was suitable for industrially polluted soils. Table 6. Effect of fertilizer on growth, yield parameters, and yield of T. Aman rice In a column means having a similar letter(s) are statistically similar and those having a dissimilar letter(s) differ significantly at a 0.05 level of probability Here, T0: Control, T1: N150P30K60S20Zn3.0 (100%RDCF), T2: N105P21K42S14Zn2.1 (70%RDCF) T3: N75P15K30S10Zn1.5 (50%RDCF) Interaction effects of soil and fertilizer on the growth, yield parameters and yield of T. Aman rice The plant height, panicle length, effective tillers hill−1, filled grains panicle−1, unfilled grains panicle−1, and grain and straw yields were significantly influenced by the interaction effects of soil and fertilizer treatments (Table 7). The maximum number of effective tillers hill-1 (33.0) was found in the S3T2 , which was statistically similar to the S3T1 , and the highest plant height (116.47 cm) was observed in the S2T1 treatment combination.The highest panicle length (25.73 cm) and grain yield were obtained in S2T1 (Contaminated soil 1 and 100% RDCF) treatment combination. The maximum number of filled grains panicle-1(112.6) was recorded in S1T1 (non-polluted soil and 100% RDCF), which was statistically comparable to S1T2, S1T3, S2T1, and S4T1, and the lowest in S1T0 treatment combinations. The highest number of unfilled grains panicle−1 (73.73) was observed in S3T3 (polluted soil 2 and 50% RDCF) treatment combination, which was statistically comparable to S2T3, S3T0, S3T1, S3T2, S4T0 and S4T1 treatment combinations and lowest unfilled grains panicle-1 in S1T1 . Similarly, the highest number of non-effective tillers hill−1 (2.0) was recorded in the S2T3 and lowest in the S1T1 treatment combination. Treatment Effective tiller hill−1 Non- Effective tiller hill−1 Plant height (cm) Panicle length (cm) Filled grains panicle−1 Un-filled grain panicle−1 Straw yield (g) Grain yield (g) T0 17.50b 1.17 96.56b 22.48b 57.53c 58.09a 31.17b 17.86c T1 24.92a 1.17 107.02a 24.35a 97.26a 47.68b 52.87a 36.63a T2 25.83a 1.50 101.70ab 24.82a 79.98b 55.55a 51.76a 36.68a T3 24.58a 1.50 96.82b 23.79ab 73.52b 58.15a 47.33a 29.47b SE 0.43 0.11 1.32 0.32 1.75 1.53 1.56 1.14 Effect of fertilizer on the growth and yield of rice 119 Table 7. Interaction effect of soil and fertilizer on growth, yield parameters, and yield of T. Aman rice In a column means having a similar letter(s) are statistically similar and those having a dissimilar letter(s) differ significantly at a 0.05 level of probability Here,S1: Non-polluted soil, S2: polluted soil-1, S3: polluted soil-2, S4: polluted soil-3; , T0: Control, T1: N150P30K60S20Zn3.0 (100%RDCF), T2: N105P21K42S14Zn2.1 (70%RDCF) T3: N75P15K30S10Zn1.5 (50%RDCF) These results indicated that industrially polluted soils gave more non-effective tillers hill-1 and unfilled grains panicle−1 with different fertilizer treatments. The highest straw (63.83 g pot-1) yield was found in the S3T1 treatment and the lowest in the S1T0 treatment combination. Similar to Boro rice, higher grain yields were recorded in industrially polluted soils with different fertilizer treatments. The highest grain yield (50.37 g pot−1) was found i, which was statistically similar to S2T2, S4T1, and S4T2 and lowest in the S1T0 treatment combination. The waste water addition may increase soil fertility. Many investigations, showed that soil fertility increases as a consequence of the application of industrial wastes (Hart and Speir, 1992; Navas et al., 1998) and similar findings were obtained in the present study where higher yields were obtained in industrially polluted soils in comparison to non-polluted soil S-1 Conclusion Boro and T. Aman rice yield parameters and yields varied with polluted soils and fertilizer treatments. The higher yields of Boro and T. Aman rice were obtained in three industrially polluted soils compared to one non-polluted soil of the same industrial areas of Bhaluka. The highest Boro Treatment Effective tiller hill−1 Non- Effective tiller hill−1 Plant height (cm) Panicle length (cm) Filled grains Panicle−1 Un-filled grain panicle−1 Straw yield (g) Grain yield (g) S1×T0 9.67h 1.00b 90.70ef 21.37e 49.80f 52.67e 13.80 8.60f S1×T1 16.00g 1.00b 103.00bc 23.70b-d 112.60ab 24.53g 32.90 23.87de S1×T2 16.67fg 1.67ab 105.53b 27.73a 120.13a 36.00f 31.57 27.90cd S1×T3 17.00fg 1.67ab 106.20b 24.70bc 102.80b 36.20f 31.83 26.03cd S2×T0 19.00f 1.00b 102.40b-d 22.03de 61.93e 49.67e 43.43 25.50d S2×T1 24.67de 1.00b 116.47a 25.73ab 122.33a 30.27fg 57.07 50.37a S2×T2 27.33cd 1.67ab 104.00bc 24.43bc 86.93c 54.73de 62.77 45.60a S2×T3 25.00de 2.00a 84.47f 24.17b-d 72.87de 66.40a-c 52.47 33.53bc S3×T0 23.00e 1.00b 93.40de 23.30c-e 42.40f 65.00a-d 38.97 20.57de S3×T1 32.33ab 1.00b 102.93bc 23.26c-e 49.32f 69.70ab 63.83 24.40de S3×T2 33.00a 1.00b 101.20b-d 22.09de 39.60f 71.53a 59.20 26.80cd S3×T3 29.67bc 1.00b 99.00b-e 22.80c-e 40.07f 73.73a 54.77 21.37de S4×T0 18.33fg 1.67ab 99.73b-e 23.23c-e 75.97cd 65.03a-d 54.77 16.77e S4×T1 26.67d 1.67ab 105.67b 24.70bc 104.80b 66.20a-c 57.67 47.87a S4×T2 26.33d 1.67ab 96.07c-e 25.00bc 73.27de 59.93b-e 53.50 46.43a S4×T3 26.67d 1.33ab 97.60b-e 23.50b-e 78.33cd 56.27c-e 50.27 36.93b SE 0.85 0.22 2.63 0.64 3.50 3.07 3.12 2.27 CV (%) 6.36 19.05 4.53 4.67 7.87 9.69 11.82 13.05 120 M.A.Khan et al. and T. Aman rice yields were found in polluted soil-1 and the lowest in non-polluted soil. The single effect of fertilizer treatment T1 (100% RDCF) performed better in non-polluted soil (S1), but the application of reduced levels of fertilizer treatments70% RDCF and 50% RDCF performed better in polluted soils for increasing the yield of Boro and T. Aman rice. The higher number of tillers hill-1, non-effective tillers hill-1, plant height, panicle length, unfilled grains panicle-1, grain and straw yields were found in three polluted soils compared to one non-polluted soil with different fertilizer treatments. The highest Boro and T. Aman rice grain yield were found in the contaminated soil-1 and 50% RDCF and contaminated soil-1 and 100% RDCF treatment combinations, respectively, and the lowest in the control treatment combination. The highest T. 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