bioethics02: A Pathfinder

This is a computer-generated pathfinder created against the Distant Reader study called bioethics02.

Each Distant Reader study carrel is composed of many individual items. Each item is bibliographically described with author, title, date, summary, and keyword values. Below is a list of the items' most signficant keywords as well as lists of the items themselves. Purpusing the content of this pathfinder provides the student, researcher, or scholar with one way to get their heads around the scope of the carrel. The keywords include:

Bioethics; Health; Ethics; Human; Life; Care; People; Patient; Patients; Rights; Animals; Countries; Consent; Education; Participants; Students; Family; Children; Women; Case; Practice; Subjects; Bbs; Treatment; Principle; Death; Animal; Biotechnology; Review; Service; Food; Right; Pharmaceutical; Policy; Gender; Water; Subject; Telemedicine; Authors; Course; Dhaka; Doctors; Midwifery; Usa; Ministry; Drivers; Imgvb

Depending on how this pathfinder was created, many of the bibliographic sections will include elaborations on the meaning(s) of the given keywords. These elaborations were generated by feeding the items' summaries to a large langauge model and asking the model to address the question, "What is X?", where "X" is the keyword. The result will be a few sentences of elaboration. Be forewarned. The elaborations are often plausible, but they should not be take as truth. Instead, they should be taken as points for consideration.

• Ethics in stem cell research by Fakruddin, Md (2012) - Many people have strong opinions about the morality of stem cell research, but few have a strong understanding of the science and its potential. The excitement about stem cell research and its potential therapeutic applications is clearly evidenced by the large investments into research that have been made by corporations, governments and universities around the globe. Keywords: applications; bangladesh; bioethics; cells; embryos; ethical; human; research; stem; stem cells
• Consequential approach of Islamic Bioethics by Hossain, Arif (2012) - But in Islamic medical ethics a pragmatic (utilitarian) argument will never take precedence over a clearly articulated principle originating in the Qur’an. Therefore, Islamic medical ethics is a virtue ethics, deontological ethics established on foundational moral duties and obligations and a consequential approach. Keywords: art; bioethics; ethics; islamic; medical; principle
• On the myth called 'African Bioethics': further reflections on Segun Gbadegesin's account by Kazeem, Fayemi Ademola; Adeogun, Akintunde Folake (2012) - ABSTRACT: This paper examines, and further reflects, on Segun Gbadegesin‟s position on the question of African bioethics. This paper challenges as a „myth‟, the assumptions and positions of Gbadegesin in his recent discourse on African bioethics. Keywords: account; african; bioethics; culture; gbadegesin; individual; issues; life; yoruba
• Ethics in clinical research by Fakruddin, Md; Chowdhury, Abhijit; Hossain, Md Nur; Mannan, Khanjada Shahnewaj Bin (2012) - Each country should have their own ethical guidelines and each clinical research institutes should have own ethical review committee to ensure ethical clinical research. These requirements are universal, although they must be adapted to the health, economic, cultural, and technological conditions in which clinical research is conducted 16, 17 . Keywords: bangladesh; bioethics; ethical; ethics; human; journal; participants; research
• BBS News Vol.3(3) by Lasker, Shamima (2012) - Two Members of BBS awarded Erasmus Mundus Master of Bioethics Shamima Parvin Lasker, Professor and Head, Department of Anatomy, City Dental College, Dhaka & General Secretary of BBS and Dr Abu Sadat Mohammad Nurunnabi, Lecturer of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka & Life member of BBS awarded Master of Bioethics in 2012. Both they are the scholars of Erasmus Mundus Master of Bioethics. Keywords: bioethics
• History of Clinical Research and Ethics by Lasker, Shamima Parvin (2013) - Therefore, ethical requirements for clinical research is aim at to minimize the possibility of exploitation by ensuring research subjects are not merely used but are treated with respect while they contribute to social good. Human subject research. Keywords: bangladesh; bioethics; consent; drug; experiment; history; human; journal; medical; research; study; subjects
• Editorial Vol.4(2) by Ara, Rowshan (2013) - It deals with medication, bioethics, extraordinary medical treatment and medical ethics. Article under the title “Research Involving Human Subjects – Ethical Perspective is discuss that research involving human subject should be justifiable and minimal risky for the participant. Keywords: bioethics; research
• Bioethics and Patent Law: USA, UK and India. A Bibliometric Analysis by Gupta, Mona; Srivastava, Divya; Kushwah, Arvind Singh (2013) - About the Database : In view of the importance of bioethics research in the field of human health and well being it becomes important to map out the research activities being carried out by researchers around the world and in India by Indian Scientist. Studies aims to map basic human needs such as human health, food and a safe environment, touches on fundamental values, such as human dignity and the genetic integrity of humanity, can raise human rights issues such as access to health and benefits from scientific progress, raises concerns over equitable access to the fruits of new technologies, the consent of those involved in research, and protection of the environment and compare these among India, USA and UK. Keywords: bioethics; health; human; issues; journal; life; medical; papers; research
• Research involving Human Subjects - Ethical Perspective by Fakruddin, Md; Mannan, Khanjada Shahnewaj Bin; Chowdhury, Abhijit; Mazumdar, Reaz Mohammed; Hossain, Md Nur; Afroz, Hafsa (2013) - Two subtypes of human research can be identified. A second approach to the justification of human research is based on a joint appeal u the principles of beneficence and justice. Keywords: bangladesh; bioethics; ethical; ethics; human; journal; research; subjects
• Ethical Debate on Animal Research by Nurunnabi, Abu Sadat Mohammad; Afroz, Rokhsana Dil; Alam, Salman Nur (2013) - Animal research or animal testing is done worldwide, where vertebrate animals, from zebrafish to non-human primates, millions in number are used annually. KEY WORDS: animal research, animal testing, vivisection, ethical debate, care, use of animals INTRODUCTION: Keywords: animal; animal research; bangladesh; bioethics; experimentation; experiments; humans; laboratory; methods; pain; research; suffering; testing; use; vivisection; welfare
• BBS News Vol.4(3) by Editor, The (2013) - In addition, Shamima Parvin Lasker, Professor & Head of Anatomy, City Dental College, Dhaka , Bangladesh; General Secretary, Bangladesh Bioethics Society; Vice President for South Asia, Asian Bioethics Association chaired a session. Shamima Parvin Lasker Professor & Head of Anatomy, City Dental College, Dhaka , Bangladesh; General Secretary, Bangladesh Bioethics Society; Vice President for South Asia, Asian Bioethics Association. Keywords: bangladesh; bioethics
• A review of ethics in developing country in perspective of dental research by Khan, Md Haider Ali; Lasker, Shamima Parvin (2014) - However, it needs to be kept in mind that these negative practices do not take place very often, and that clinical trials are usually conducted on the basis of the widely accepted international principles of ethical research. Each country should have their own ethical guidelines and each clinical research institutes should have own ethical review committee to ensure ethical clinical research. Keywords: bioethics; countries; country; dental; ethical; ethics; health; issues; research; review
• Bioethics Teaching and Assessment: My Experience of Three Institutes by Rafique, Zoheb (2014) - There are 100 marks in bioethics paper and paper contains my component and other from the faculty of IPRS. Hence, anatomy paper consists of 95 marks and bioethics question contains 05 marks. Keywords: bioethics; mbbs; medical; paper; students; teaching
• Editorial Vol.5(2) by Ahmed, Tahera (2014) - With the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) coming to an end in 2015, the need to assess and evaluate the progress in the 8 goals is being undertaken by different countries. As a result research articles from many different countries depicting current or ongoing research, latest technological break- through, experiences from the field or literature reviews are shared with all. Keywords: bioethics; journal
• BBS News Vol.5(2) by Lasker, Shamima Parvin (2014) - Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 2014; 5(2):80-81 BBS News: Award Ceremony and Seminar on Practicing Bioethics in Bangladesh Bangladesh Bioethics Society in collaboration with Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics organized the “Award Ceremony and Seminar on Practicing Bioethics in Bangladesh” on 4th June, 2014 at 10 am at Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics Auditorium, Agargoan, Dhaka. In recognition of dedicated work & organization skills, Bangladesh Bioethics Society awarded Best Volunteer Award to Atia Mannan Bushra, 4th year BDS student; Farin Binte Rahman, 3rd year BDS student; Ataur Rahman Bhuyan, 3rd year BDS student and Taslim Bin Hasan, 2nd year BDS student for the year of 2014. Keywords: bangladesh; bioethics
• Setting Up an Ethical Oncofertility Practice in Developing Countries by Linkeviciute, Alma; Boniolo, Giovanni; Peccatori, Fedro A. (2015) - Abstract: Fertility preservation for cancer patients is a relatively new field in medicine which requires interdisciplinary approach. This article aims to show that fertility preservation for cancer patients is globally relevant, because cancer incidence is increasing even in developing countries. Keywords: bioethics; cancer; countries; ethical; fertility; fertility preservation; life; oncofertility; oncology; patients; preservation; survival; treatment
• News of BBS Vol.5(3) by Lasker, Shamima Parvin (2015) - Shamima Parvin Lasker Professor & Head of Anatomy, City Dental College, Dhaka , Bangladesh; General Secretary, Bangladesh Bioethics Society; Vice President for South Asia, Asian Bioethics Association. Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 2014; 5(3):28 26 News of BBS Collaboration: BBS has established an Academic Scholarly Exchange and Collaborative Agreement with American University of Sovereign Nation (AUSN), Arizona, USA to promote cooperation and scholarly advancements in the fields of education, academic research, bioethics, disaster prevention and mitigation, global studies, public health and medicine, and peace. Keywords: bbs; bioethics
• Editorial Vol.5(3) by Ahmed, Tahera (2015) - She stresses on the need for such a dedicated cadre to bring about a rapid decrease in maternal deaths and Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 2014; vol 5 issue 3 morbidities in Bangladesh where currently 5000 women die every year due to complications of pregnancy, most of which are preventable. Tahera Ahmed Chief, Sexual and Reproductive Health, UNFPA, Faculty, North South University, And Editor, Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics Keywords: bangladesh; bioethics; research
• Animal Rights and Use of Animals in Biomedical Research by Rafique, Zoheb (2015) - Although in this article I have focused on animal use in research, other areas also raise ethical concerns about animal rights and animal welfare. The short life span of research animals allows researchers and scientists to study them throughout the entire life cycle, and even through several generations-within a very short period of time. Keywords: animals; bioethics; life; research; rights; studies; use
• Pay Walled Retraction Notices by da Silva, Jaime A. Teixeira (2015) - This opinion piece exposes how several publishers are selling access to retraction notices, including COPE members, despite, in some cases, being paying COPE members. The ethics of the business model employed by COPE members then becomes questioned when we are dealing explicitly with COPE members that are issuing retraction notices behind a pay wall, even though COPE has explicitly indicated that the best practice is not to do so. Keywords: access; bioethics; cope; journal; member; notice; publisher; retraction
• Medical Ethics and Medical Professionalism in Low and Middle Income (LAMIC) Countries: Challenges and Implications. by Coleman, Albert M.E. (2015) - CONCLUSION: All said there is relatively an obvious gap in medical ethics practices and adherence in LAMIC settings in comparison to what pertains in most developed economy settings (even for some LAMIC settings otherwise classified as “higher middle developed countries”) 43 . This is so vital that the various professional governing bodies have taking strong stands on this, with medical ethics and professionalism, patient rights and protecting the patient/public being the centre of focus. Keywords: bioethics; countries; doctor; ethics; medical; medicine; moral; patient; practice; professional; relationship; settings
• BBS’s News by Lasker, Shamima Parvin (2015) - Following members of BBS attended Bioethics conference abroad. For the session of 2014-2015, out of 15 students, four are awarded graduation at a ceremony of 16th Asian Bioethics Conference in Manila on November 2015 along with one student from Thailand. Keywords: bbs; bioethics
• Knowledge, attitude and practice of medical ethics among medical intern students in a Medical College in Kathmandu by Aacharya, Ramesh P; Shakya, Yagya L (2015) - students are taught various subjects to tackle medical problems; they also need ethics to solve the moral quandaries that they are likely to face in their practice in the future.5 Medical ethics are integral to all clinical encounters and public health interventions, and a foundation in medical ethics is essential for students to become virtuous doctors6. Microsoft Word - Knowledge Attitude Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 2015; 6(3):1-9 1 Original Article Knowledge, attitude and practice of medical ethics among medical intern students in a Medical College in Kathmandu Ramesh P Aacharya1, Yagya L Shakya2 Department of Emergency and General Practice Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital Institute of Medicine, Maharajgunj Kathmandu, Nepal Email: raacharya@yahoo.com Keywords: bioethics; consent; ethics; interns; knowledge; medical; patients; statement; students; study
• The Chicken Fallacy and the Ethics of Cruelty to Non-Human Animals by Aina, Akande Michael; Emmanuel, Ofuasia (2017) - ofuasia.emma@gmail.com Abstract: The ideological underpinning that guides our interaction with non-human animals needs revision. The traditional outlook, according to which humans have a higher moral status vis-à-vis non-human animals, is now otiose. Keywords: 8(1; animals; bioethics; darwin; evolution; human; journal; non; selection; singer; species; worth
• Editorial Vol.8(2) by Ahmed, Tahera (2017) - Bangladesh Bioethics Society (BBS) in collaboration with Directorate General of Health Service (DGHS), Ministry of Health Bangladesh and American University of Sovereign Nation (AUSN), USA, had organized a “Graduation Ceremony and Intensive Bioethics Training Programme” on 15- 16 July, 2017 at IEDCR Auditorium, DGSH, Mohakhali, Dhaka. Referring to the recent Zika virus infection in Brazil the authors recommend highlighting the lapses in the current Zika ethics consultations and recommendations, and claim that public health emergencies need to focus on the ethical vision of health capability to act and promote sustainable healthcare during emergency times and normal period. Keywords: bangladesh; bioethics; health; prof
• Surrogacy around the world by Lasker, shamima Parvin (2017) - Microsoft Word - Editorial Surrogacy around the world Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 2017; 8(3) Editorial Surrogacy around the world Surrogacy is an encouraging management for many childless couples and can hypothetically resolve many unbearable pain that they are confronted1. Initially surrogacy treatment was frowned upon, however, surrogacy is more popularly accepted now a day 1. Perez (cited in Svitnev) reported that different states of USA have different rules and regulations on surrogacy2. Keywords: bangladesh; bioethics; law; surrogacy; surrogate
• Surrogacy and the Motherhood Question in Yoruba Culture by Oluwaseyi, Oyekan Adeolu; Esther, Ani Amara (2017) - Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 2017; 8(3):26-32 28 Primarily, what bestows motherhood to a wife is her ability to bear children or as Oladele Balogun puts it, being a “mother is tied to child birth. ”According to traditional Yoruba songs; Kórí yá re o bùn ọ lómọ – May your mother’s head give you children (Repeat) Keywords: bioethics; biological; child; children; culture; gbadegesin; mother; motherhood; surrogacy; surrogate; wife; yoruba
• Genetic Gestational Surrogacy: Hope for Muslims by Lasker, shamima Parvin; Ghilardi, Marcello (2017) - Genetic gestational surrogacy (sperm of husband and ovum of wife is fertilized by IVF procedure and transfer the embryos to the surrogate mother) This article has attempted to find out a valid notion for accepting genetic gestational surrogacy in major part of the Muslim world that may reduce the peril of women who can not give a birth baby. Keywords: bioethics; child; gestational; infertility; islamic; lineage; mother; muslim; qur’an; sperm; sura; surrogacy
• Bioethical considerations for algal biotechnology by Vasileva, Ivanina; Ivanova, Juliana; Alexandrov, Svetoslav (2018) - We also take a look at the current state of the production of algal biomass and we offer our suggestions and considerations based on the fact that the biomass is an expensive product and yet its quality is very good. During the last 15-20 years, microalgal cultivation once again received considerable public attention, because some supporters suggested that algal biomass could be used for the production of biofuels Keywords: algae; bioethics; biofuels; biomass; biotechnology; food; journal
• On Efficient Causation for Homosexual Behaviours among Traditional Africans: An Exploration of the Traditional Yoruba Model by Olugbenga, Dasaolu Babajide (2018) - In her words, Oduwole affirms: “…Homosexuality is not as alien to traditional African societies as some people would want us to believe. Furthermore, they must be made to realize that the causative factor through the teaching of traditional African folklores. Keywords: african; bangladesh; bioethics; homosexuality; homosexuals; human; journal; oduwole; persons; yorùbá; òrìṣàńlá
• Bioethics for peace and sustainable development of Bangladesh by Lasker, Shamima Parvin; Rahman, Md Morshadur (2018) - 9(2):40 38 Bioethics for peace and sustainable development of Bangladesh Shamima Parvin Lasker 1 Md morshadur Rahman 2 1. Professor & Head of Anatomy MH Samorita Medical College, Dhaka and Secretary General , Bangladesh Bioethics Society 2. Senior Reporter, Bangladesh Sangbad Sangstha Abstract: Bioethics is a vital part of a sustainable development. Conclusion: Bioethics education may change the people’s outlook in the society. Keywords: bangladesh; bioethics; development; life; society
• BBS News Vol.9(2) by Lasker, Shamima Parvin (2018) - Microsoft Word - BBS News Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 2018; 9(2):41 BBS News Shamima Parvin Lasker Secretary General , Bangladesh Bioethics Society 20th Asian Bioethics Conference (ABC20) will be held on 22-25 Nov, 2019 at Dhaka, Bangladesh, organized by Bangladesh Bioethics Society (BBS) and in the cooperation with DGHS, Ministry of Health and Family welfare, People Republic of Bangladesh and in conjunction with ABA and Eubios Ethics Institute, Thailand, New Zeeland’s and Japan. Bangladesh Bioethics Society (BBS) is the pioneer in bioethics, has been promoting integrity for sustainable development of Bangladesh since the beginning of 21st century. Keywords: bioethics
• Asian Bioethics Conference Brochure by Lasker, Shamima Parvin (2018) - Dr. Sumaira Khowaja-Punjwani (Pakistan) Prof. Firuza Nasyrova (Tajikstan) Professor Leonard Le Blanc III (USA) Prof. Nader Ghotbi (Japan) Prof. Irina Pollard (Australia) Dr. Gregor Wolbring (Canada) Dr. Rainer Ebert (Germany) Website: abc20.bioethics.org.bd Please send SMS if phone is busy Prof. Shamima Parvin Lasker PhD Professor & Head, Dept of Anatomy, MH Samorita Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh Secretary General, Bangladesh Bioethics Society. Keywords: bdt; bioethics; prof; usd
• BBS Memberships by Lasker, Shamima Parvin (2019) - It is regularly published by Hinary, Geneva Foundation for Medical Education and Research (WHO/OMS), Global ethics.net, Georgetown University Law Library, World Medical Journal Editors (WAME), UDL thesis & Bangljol Affiliations l UNESCO Asia-Pacific School of Ethics l Global Ethics Observatory (GEObs), Paris l Bioethics Research Library at Georgetown University, a part of the Kennedy Institute of Ethics, USA. l International Society of Bioethics (SIBI), Spain. Untitled-1 Bangladesh Bioethics Society Education Minister, Nurul Islam Nahid, MP UNESCO Ethics Workshop in March 2009 Mahbubey Alam, Attorney General UNESCO Ethics Workshop in March 2009 Malama Meleisa Director, UNESCO Dhaka At UNESCO Ethics Workshop 2009 Darryl Macer, Regional Advisor, UNESCO, stBangkok at 1 International Conf Conference 2010 Prof AAMS Arefin Siddique,VC, DU at st1 International Conference, March 2010 Architect Yeafesh Osman, State Minister, S&ICT at a Month Long Bioethics course, August 2010 Prof Dr Syed Modasser Ali, Health Advisor at Seminar of Bioethics, May 2011 Benazir Ahmed BPM (Bar),Commissioner, DMP at Road Safety Programme, June 2013 Obaidul Quader, Minister of Communication Road Safety Programme, June 2013 Hasanul Haq Inu, Minister of Information at Award Ceremony, June 2014 Selina Hossain, Bengali writer, at Human Rights training programme September, 2011 Bioethics PhD & Master holders from BBS Prof Nazrul Islam, Chairman, UGC, at a Month Long Bioethics Course, June 2010. Keywords: bangladesh; bbs; bioethics; research; unesco
• Policing Ethics: Context Bangladesh by Adil, Md. Sharifur Rahman (2020) - The paper focuses on police ethics. Police ethics’ reflects the society and the regulations that shape the policing system. Keywords: 02,02,20; bangladesh; bioethics; case; daily; ethics; journal; law; life; officers; people; police; police ethics; policing; public; yaba
• Environmental Ethics through Value-Based Education by Moorthy, Ravichandran; Akwen, Gabriel Tyoyila (2020) - These dimensions need to be guided by environmental ethics principles for success to be achieved. Environmental ethics education can reveal the path and strategies of inculcating positive environmental values in students. Keywords: anthropocentrism; beings; bioethics; education; environmental; ethics; human; journal; nature; principles; values
• Reflections of the Ethics on Coexisting with Disaster by Lo, Ed. D., H.W. Angela; Shieh, Ed.D., Vincent; Shiah, PhD, Yung-Jong (2020) - Clear explanation of service work: Post- disaster human service worker must achieve communication and mutual understanding with residents of the local community on community restoration. Conclusion and suggestions are to formulate indicators for a post-disaster “community of health and wellness;” to establish bioethical principles of heteronomy for disaster service workers. Keywords: autonomy; bioethics; community; disaster; district; human; inhabitants; principle; reconstruction; research; service; workers
• Implementation of Nagoya Protocol and its Ethical Dilemma – the Case Study of Indonesia by Sukara, Endang; Ragamustari, Safendrri Komara; Sinaga, Ernawati (2020) - The use of diverse plants species as medicine is already exist since ancient time in Indonesia. There is no record of the number of species on Earth, but it is estimated to be around 10 million. Keywords: access; biodiversity; bioethics; indonesia; nagoya; protocol; resources; science; sharing; species; technology; value
• Youth Action Against Moral Deterioration by Mitu, Mehedi Mala (2019) - Moral values are as important as the air we breathe, moral values are as important as the water we drink. Not only in Islam but also in all religions, moral education has given the priority. Keywords: bangladesh; bioethics; country; education; society; values; youth
• Religious, Cultural and Legal Barriers to Organ Donation: The Case of Bangladesh by Farid, Md Shaikh; Naim Mou, Tahrima Binta (2021) - Because of the shortage of organ donation and capacity for organ transplantation, each year thousands of Bangladeshis die while waiting for an organ donor and possible transplantation. This study analyzes the religious, cultural, and legal barriers to organ donation in Bangladesh. Keywords: act; bangladesh; bioethics; countries; donation; donors; journal; kidney; living; organ; organ donation; people; scholars; transplantation
• Societal Concerns with Biotechnology and Necessity of Regulations by Nurunnabi, Abu Sadat Mohammad; Mozaffor, Miliva; Tabassum, Mariya; Saikat, Taohidur Rahman; Kabir, Nahid; Hossain, Mohammad Akram (2019) - Kumar S. Biosafety and biosecurity issues in biotechnology research. Fogleman V. Regulating science: an evaluation of the regulation of biotechnology research. Keywords: bangladesh; bioethics; biotechnology; environmental; issues; new; organisms; products; research; safety
• Legacies of Love, Peace and Hope: How Bioethics Education can Overcome Hatred and Divide by Macer, Darryl R.J. (2020) - We can see that there is a willingness to Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 2020; 11 (3): 33-42 42 develop values education stimulated by recent reemergence of ethics education and philosophy education to equip all citizens to be better able to respond to the challenges of contemporary society. In our efforts to pursuit bioethics education we can enhance peaceful and harmonius coexistence in our world, through nurturing good decisions that we should all make. Keywords: bioethics; development; education; eubios; good; life; love; materials; people
• Editorial by Chakraborty, Rhyddhi (2020) - The second paper on Awareness and Perceptions on Bioethical Issues among Pre-Service Science Teachers by Zulfeki Daud, Zainab Ari, and Noorahfizah Daud investigates the awareness and perception level of bioethical issues among pre-service science teachers in a Malaysian Education Institution. Using a questionnaire-based survey and using SPSS version 22, the paper indicates that pre-service science teachers were aware of the existence of bioethical issues. Keywords: bioethics; issues; paper; students
• Editorial Vol.1(1) by Ara, Rowshan (2012) - It is the necessary prerequisite for sustainable human development for equitable access to resources and services. Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 2010; 1(1):1 Editorial Twenty first century is a period of momentous transition in human civilization. Keywords: bioethics; ethics; university
• Introduction of bioethics and its necessity in Bangladesh by Hossain, Arif; Lasker, Shamima Parvin (2012) - Email: lala_rukh_selim@yahoo.com This presentation aims at showing i) poverty level, ii) environmental pollution level, iii) outdated education system, and iv) inadequate health services for over (estimated) 14 crore people in Bangladesh, in order to evaluate the possibility of bioethics practice and research within the country, and also to find the reasons why bioethics activities have not yet found ground here by. Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 2010; 1(1):2 Introduction of bioethics and its necessity in Bangladesh Arif Hossain, PhD Fellow, International Studies and Diplomacy, Washington University, USA. Keywords: bioethics; ethics
• Bioethics in Bangladesh by Begum, Hasna (2012) - Email: lala_rukh_selim@yahoo.com This presentation aims at showing i) poverty level, ii) environmental pollution level, iii) outdated education system, and iv) inadequate health services for over (estimated) 14 crore people in Bangladesh, in order to evaluate the possibility of bioethics practice and research within the country, and also to find the reasons why bioethics activities have not yet found ground here by. Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 2010; 1(1):2 Introduction of bioethics and its necessity in Bangladesh Arif Hossain, PhD Fellow, International Studies and Diplomacy, Washington University, USA. Keywords: bioethics; ethics
• Ethical Issues in Social Research by Mia, Ahmadulla (2012) - Ethical issues in social studies emanate from the debate on the purpose of social studies – whether studies should primarily focus on building knowledge or application for change in the social conditions. The aims of social research include broadly understanding and explaining human behaviour and relations, influences of social institutions on behaviour, interactions between individuals’ Keywords: bioethics; education
• The Goals of Bioethics Education by Macer, Darryl (2012) - Ethical issues in social studies emanate from the debate on the purpose of social studies – whether studies should primarily focus on building knowledge or application for change in the social conditions. The aims of social research include broadly understanding and explaining human behaviour and relations, influences of social institutions on behaviour, interactions between individuals’ Keywords: bioethics; education
• Review of Bioethics Education in Bangladesh by Lasker, Shamima Parvin (2012) - Increasing awareness, sensitivity, research and practice of bioethics in various disciplines of medical science, science and social sciences are required. Governments can create a national bioethics commissions by which they can bridge on issues of both scientific and moral complexity in health, science, environment and social science. Keywords: bioethics; science
• Environmental Pollution by Haque, Khandaker Rashedul (2012) - [http://www.unescobkk.org/index.php?id=energyethics]: • Universalism and environmental values • Ethical worldviews of nature • Visions and hopes of the future • Representation and who decides • Community engagement • Stakeholder responsibilities • Energy equity and human security • Cost-benefit analysis and economic constructions • Adoption & development of energy technologies (state of the art review) • Ethical frameworks for research agendas and policy • Educational frameworks for environmental ethics • Nuclear dialogues • Energy flow, environment, and ethical implications of meat production • Water ethics and water resource management The aim of the working groups is to develop dialogue around these particular issues with a focus on environmental ethics and human security. Although there are a few training programmes on research ethics has been conducted but these are still not enough to meet the growing need for research and an ethical review process. Keywords: bangladesh; bioethics; science
• Society News Vol.2(2) by Lasker, Shamima Parvin (2012) - MEMBERS OF BBS IN DIFFERENT COURSE AND CONFERENCES: Bioethics Conference: VII World Conference on Bioethics September, 2011. A day long training workshop for students of various disciplines was organized by Bangladesh Bioethics Society in collaboration with Bangladesh National Commission for UNESCO (BNCU) on 13th September, 2011 at 9.30 AM at BNCU auditorium, 1 Asian Highway, Palassy, Dhaka to promote strong ethical values, practice of ethics and morality among the young generation in their professional and social life to lead the nation for upholding the human rights and long term sustainability of the country. Keywords: bioethics
• Editorial v1i2 by Ara, Rowshan (2012) - Articles of the second issue of journal of Bangladesh Bioethics Society depict an idealism of promotion and protection of human dignity and pursuit of peace and social justice. Bangladesh Bioethics Society wants to bring a gradual positive change of this unfavorable climate. Keywords: bangladesh; bioethics
• Bioethics: Awakening And Changing Of Human Life by Begum, Ferdousshi (2012) - The professional fields that deal with ethical issues in medicine, nursing, law, sociology, philosophy and theology though today medical ethics is also recognized as its own discipline.6 Medical ethics traces it root to several early codes of ethics such as the ancient Greek Hippocratic Oath, which required physician above all to “do no harm.” Few days ago, bio-ethics was mainly concerned with medical ethics. Keywords: bio; bioethics; care; ethics; health; patient; science
• Education & Practice Of Bioethics: An Initiative To Build A Just, Sustainable & Healthful Society by Ali, Md Ashraf (2012) - In doing so Bioethics faculty has to form Bioethics associations and committees at different level of the society to protect human research participants, to improve patient-centered care, to establish sound professional practices and to establish sound science and health policies for citizens. The philosophy of Bioethics is that the medical profession has scope of greater contribution to social progress by innovative service-mix which builds capacity of human life to cope with environment and maintain a state of equilibrium on which health/wellbeing depends. Keywords: bioethics; health; life
• UNESCO Core Curriculum and Teaching Resources by Macer, Darryl (2012) - Also we are gathering feedback from bioethics education efforts, and examining existing bioethics curriculum developed at national and international level, so to decide either to follow transdisciplinary curricula across medical, environmental and science ethics or independent curricula specific for each discipline. Basic to fulfilling many tasks, teachers themselves need to be in the right situation. Keywords: bioethics; curriculum

• Public responsibility and shortage of resource in healthcare by Lasker, Shamima Parvin (2012) - Norman Daniels shifts Rawls theory in health care. Three approaches to scarcity in health care. Keywords: care; health
• The Epistemological Import of Informed Consent in Clinical Research by Adenugba, Oluwaseun Adeola (2013) - This paper attempts to establish the epistemological import and limits of informed consent in clinical research. It points out that informed consent is a necessary requirement in clinical research because it ensures adequate participation of care receivers in issues relating to their health. Keywords: care; consent; health; information; knowledge; patient; research
• Ethical Challenges of Using bST and Transgenic Animal by Bhuiyan, ASM Anwarullah (2013) - Despite the usefulness of animal biotechnology, we cannot ignore the different adverse effects of this technology. I have focused on the application of this ethical matrix upon some contexts of animal biotechnology, such as bST and transgenic animal. Keywords: animal; animal biotechnology; biotechnology; bst; cows; dairy; food; health; matrix; mepham; respect; transgenic; use
• Challenges of Palliative Care by Laskar, Shamima Parvin (2013) - Withholding and withdrawing, refusal of treatments, physician-assisted suicide, do not resuscitate (DNR) orders, advance directives, consent and quality of end of life care and are the main debates in this field. Study suggests that decisions regarding terminal patient care may be altered by a physician point of view and subjective attitudes toward dying patients. Keywords: care; death; dying; end; family; health; life; pain; patients
• Reflections on the Right to Palliative Care in Bangladesh: Legal Regime Revisited by Alam, Md Jobair (2013) - By implications, the right of the palliative care is recognized in some major international and regional human rights instruments 2 , encompassing the issue of health rights 3 . This mainly includes the mechanism of overcoming the legal barriers to palliative care such as analyzing of policies and laws that limit access to opioids for pain management, developing the arguments necessary to take a complaint of denial of pain medication to a national, regional or international human rights body or court, providing provision of legal aid to palliative care patients, human rights body, etc. Keywords: bangladesh; care; constitution; court; health; health care; life; palliative; patients; right
• Institutional Review Board (IRB): its role and responsibility in making research ethical by Nurunnabi, Abu Sadat Mohammad (2014) - The systemic review from the databases revealed some important discussions on research, ethical research, roles and responsibilities of IRB/ERC and its challenges, and national/institutional research strategies. Key words: Institutional review board (IRB), ethical review committee (ERC), ethical research, research strategy. Keywords: bangladesh; board; ethical; health; human; irb; research; review; subjects
• Ethical Relation between Physicians and Pharmaceutical Industries in the Perspectives of Bangladesh by Alam, Shahinul; Saman, Nahiduz; Hallaj, Monsur Hallaj; Alam, Jahangir Ul; Majumder, Shoaib Momen (2015) - Abstract: Relation between physicians and pharmaceutical industry is required for the benefit of the patient. The physicians and associations of pharmaceutical industries developed several ethical guidelines in those countries. Keywords: bangladesh; council; drug; health; industry; medical; pharmaceutical; physicians
• Ethical Justification of Conducting Research Trials in Lower and Middle Income Countries Including Pakistan: The Responsibilities of Research Enterprises by Rafique, Zoheb (2015) - In this paper, I will discuss the responsibilities of researcher/funder when the research trial is conducted in low and middle income countries like Pakistan and I will also talk on ethical justifications of doing research trials in Pakistan and other poor and developing countries. In majority of collaborative trials the sponsors are from countries of developed world while co- investigators and research participants are drawn from Asian and African countries2. Keywords: benefits; countries; health; participants; research; trials
• Ethical aspects of Dhaka University Tele-medicine System by Abir, Ahmed Raihan; Lasker, Shamima Parvin (2015) - Conclusion: DU telemedicine system can lead to a big change with respect to improved healthcare within a few years for people living in rural areas through providing consultation of qualified doctors, and particularly, through providing vital diagnostic information using the diagnostic equipment that go with it. Author is a member of extended group at Dhaka University (DU) which has been developing telemedicine equipment and data acquisition software to promote telemedicine practice in Bangladesh. Keywords: bangladesh; data; doctor; health; medical; patient; system; telemedicine
• Editorial Vol.7(1) by Ahmed, Tahera (2016) - The report provides in depth analysis on the following issues: Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 2016;7(1) 1) This paper deals with the very sensitive and often painful dilemma faced by care givers of AD. Keywords: care; health
• Elderly Care Ethics: A Glance on Principlism by Nurunnabi, Abu Sadat Mohammad; Tanira, Shaorin; Sony, Sadia Akther (2016) - We tried here to discuss the ethical concerns and issues in elderly care where one party is elder population and the other one is health care service providers or caregivers; that is how relational ethics perspective refers to the reflection on the challenges encountered in person's relationship with others and on how to fulfil social roles and obligations in a good way. Key words: Elderly people; ageing population; elderly care ethics; healthy ageing; public health Introduction: Bangladesh is a low-income country of South Asia region. Keywords: autonomy; bangladesh; care; elder; ethics; health; providers
• The Situation of the Elderly in Bangladesh by Barikdar, Antoni; Ahmed, Tahera; Lasker, Shamima Parvin (2016) - Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 2016; 7(1):27-36 28 There is not enough data about the situation of elderly people in Bangladesh. Therefore, this retrospective study was done on elderly population of Bangladesh to identify emerging issues and challenges of the elderly and to explore different type of vulnerabilities of elderly people in Bangladesh. Keywords: age; bangladesh; care; elderly; family; health; journal; people; population; years
• Editorial Vol.7(2) by Ahmed, Tahera Ahmed (2016) - Research ethics is a fundamental criterion to be complied with throughout a research study. He concludes that the judicial assessments in the USA deciding on the question of patenting of animal clones provide important barriers to human reproductive cloning research, safeguarding moral and legal commitment to human dignity. Keywords: author; health; research
• A Study on Service Availability and Readiness Assessment of Non-Communicable Diseases Using the WHO Tool for Gazipur District in Bangladesh by Islam, Mohammad Rashedul; Laskar, Shamima Parvin; Macer, Darryl (2016) - General Service Readiness refers to the overall capacity of health facilities to provide general health services. Specific objectives • To find out service availability for providing NCD health services using SARA tool. Keywords: availability; data; diagnosis; disease; facilities; general; health; management; ncds; readiness; score; service; study
• Ethics in Public Health Research and Clinical Research by Khan, Muhammad Waseem; Tareen, Afrasiab Khan; Sultan, Imrana Niaz (2016) - Public health research ethics follows a consequentialist approach that is promoting public health by seeking to improve good health and to avoid bad health outcomes of overall population. Public health research ethics has a broader spectrum than clinical research ethics, public health research is, as what we do as a society collectively to guarantee better conditions for people of society to be fit and healthy. Keywords: ethics; health; individual; public; research
• Animal Ethics and India: Understanding the Connection through the Capabilities Approach by Chakraborty, Rhyddhi (2017) - The animal protection policy of India should adopt a vision of ensuring and enabling protection of animal capabilities to determine the scope of animal sacrifices in the country, to enable and ensure animal rights in the country. For this purpose, the mailto:rhyddhi_414@yahoo.co.in Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 2017; 8(1): 33-43 34 paper, first, through the description of practices of animal protection, unveils the shortcomings of the existing Indian measures to protect animals and argues for the ethical connection between animal rights and capabilities. Keywords: animals; approach; capabilities; country; health; india; life; non; paper; protection; rights
• ZIKA Virus Disease as Public Health Emergency and Ethics by Chakraborty, Rhyddhi; Fernandes, Edmond (2017) - With the rising cases of Zika virus disease, an international panel on Zika consultation analysed the gaps in the countries’ health system and recommended increasing public health actions to reduce the risk of the effects of Zika virus infection in pregnancy, provide appropriate care and support (for women who have been exposed); reduce exposure to Zika virus infection for all people; provide appropriate clinical care and rehabilitation and continuing care for all those with long-term neurological conditions such as acute clinical services and rehabilitation; enhanced surveillance and research into diagnostics, vaccines, treatments and vector control28. In short, this recent public health emergency of Zika virus prompted international agencies to delve into and discuss some old challenges for governments in controlling vectors, and dealing with issues of reliability, accessibility, diagnosis, vaccine production, and intensification of basic sanitation policies. Keywords: april; brazil; disease; emergency; health; rights; virus; women; zika
• Nutritional Status, Personal Hygiene and Health Seeking Behavior of the Workers of British American Tobacco Company, Dhaka, Bangladesh by Haque, Md. Jawadul; Awal, Md. Abdul; Rahman, Monowara; Sazzad, Jarin (2017) - It was revealed that most (91.6%) respondents performed duties to maintain health and only 8.4% respondents did not perform duties.62.0% of the respondents did not maintain anything for the proper nutrition of their children. A large number of respondents (55.9%) had monthly family income of Taka 10001-20000 and the mean family income was Taka 12776.54 ± 5230.13. Keywords: behavior; family; health; journal; majority; respondents; seeking; washing
• Cervical Cancer and Ethical issues in HPV Vaccination by Haseen, Fariha; Sony, Sadia Akther (2017) - Ethical issues in HPV vaccination: Like any other vaccines in case of HPV vaccine ethical issues are important to understand, which is sometimes context specific. HPV vaccine is widely accepted even though it may lead to the neglect of other preventive strategies against cervical cancer6. Keywords: bangladesh; cancer; ethical; health; hpv; human; journal; papilloma; vaccination; vaccine; virus
• Public Health Research Ethics and Clinical Research Ethics. How we differentiate? by Rafique, Zoheb (2018) - Abstract: This article talks about both clinical research ethics and public health research ethics. While public health research ethics is mainly aimed at finding out what is best for the communities and the populations rather than the individuals. Keywords: clinical; community; ethics; health; research; research ethics
• Pharmaceutical Promotion in Bangladesh: Assessing the Strength of Regulatory Documents by Johora, Fatema; Rahman, Md Sayedur (2018) - Key Words: Ethical pharmaceutical promotion, Code of Pharmaceutical Marketing Practices, Drug Policy, Laws, Regulation of promotion, Bangladesh situation Background: Pharmaceutical promotional activities- Email: srkhasru@bsmmu.edu.bd ; Orcid id: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5960-0161 Corresponding Author: Fatema Johora, Email: fatemajohora.0801@gmail.com Abstract: Pharmaceutical promotion is a negative influencing force for prescribing. Keywords: bangladesh; code; drug; guidelines; health; marketing; pharmaceutical; practices; promotion; regulation
• Mass Vaccination Programme: Public Health Success and Ethical Issues – Bangladesh Perspective by Nurunnabi, Abu Sadat Mohammad; Mozaffor, Miliva; Hossain, Mohammad Akram; Sony, Sadia Akther (2018) - This review paper aims to elaborate the ethical issues involved in mass vaccination programme and present some additional challenges in the context of a resource-poor settings of public health in Bangladesh. This review paper aims to elaborate those ethical issues involved in mass vaccination programme and present some of the additional challenges in the context of a resource-poor settings of public health sector in Bangladesh. Keywords: bangladesh; health; immunization; individual; issues; mass; programme; vaccination; vaccine
• Intimate Partner Violence in Bangladesh: A Scoping Review by Bakchi, Jhantu; Kundu, Satyajit; Ghosh, Subarna; Akter, Sumaiya (2018) - Ferdos J, Rahman M. Maternal experience of intimate partner violence and low birth weight of children : A hospital-based study in Bangladesh. 2017:1-13. 12. Rose L, Alhusen J, Bhandari S, et al. Impact of intimate partner violence on pregnant women’s mental health: Mental distress and mental strength. Keywords: abuse; bangladesh; consequences; health; help; intimate; ipv; partner; partner violence; physical; pregnancy; study; violence; women
• Levels and Determinants of Complementary Feeding Pattern Exclusive of Minimum Meal Frequency and Dietary Diversity among Children of 6 to 23 Months in Bangladesh by Pervin, Naznin; Macer, Darryl; Lasker, Shamima P. (2018) - Srivastava N, Sandhu A. Index for measuring child feeding practices. P values Children age (months) 6-11 19.1 ( 11.7) 0.40 12-17 26.2 ( 11.8) 0.42 <0.001a 18-23 28.0 ( 12.2) 0.45 Sex of child Male 23.9 ( 12.4) 0.36 0.332b Female 24.5 ( 12.5) 0.36 Mother’s education Illiterate 18.8 ( 9.97) 0.51 Keywords: age; bangladesh; cfp; children; feeding; food; health; index; journal; level; months; ref; status
• Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights of Women: A Rights-based Approach by Tanira, Shaorin; Amin, Raihana; Adhikary, Sanchita; Sultana, Khadiza; Khatun, Rashida (2019) - Current situation and challenges: Maternal mortality, gender-based violence, lack of access to appropriate health care and an absence of family planning services drive violations of reproductive rights across the world4. These violations of reproductive rights – childbirth before physical and mental readiness – a common consequence of early marriages, can lead to obstetric fistula and other detrimental health consequences for both babies and mothers. Keywords: approach; development; health; nations; rights; united; women; world
• COVID-19 Pandemic: Ethical and Medical issues arising for people with disability in Bangladesh by Uddin, Taslim; Mohammad, Hassan Tasdeed; Siddiquee, Naima (2021) - COVID-19 disability impact and ethical issues: PWD with major disabling events like traumatic brain injury (TBI), spinal cord injury (SCI), limb amputations, or other neuro- musculoskeletal disorders including stroke have need more health and rehabilitation care and require frequent hospitalization and rehabilitation team care14. COVID-19 preparedness: Keywords: bangladesh; care; covid-19; disability; health; pandemic; preparedness; pwd; rehabilitation; response
• Why A New Ethical Framework Is Needed To Eliminate Disability Discrimination? A New Learning From The Pandemic by Ranju, Gausul Azam; Serice, Tania (2021) - Though the disability rights movement, the disability discrimination legislation, and the UN convention on the rights of persons with disabilities change the perception of the disability, there is another perception between the difference of disability rights and human rights. Based on the 40 years of philosophical and academic observations by the scholars in the field of disability, Reynolds stated that the 3 core insights from disability theory: “assumptions about the quality of life, the problem of ableism, and the distinction between disability, disease, and illness”18. Keywords: covid-19; disabilities; disability; discrimination; ethics; health; internet; medical; people; sep
• Ethical issues in biomedical research in Nigeria: a systematic review by Ikeagwulonu, Chinaza Richard; Uneke, Chigozie Jesse; Uchejeso, Obeta Mark (2021) - Also, participants had varying degree of understanding of their rights as research subjects. Through good communication, patient care skills and professional conduct must remain sensitive to the needs of the patients even when recruiting them as research subjects in clinical research or trial 41. Keywords: consent; doi; ethical; ethics; health; information; issues; journal; medical; nigeria; participants; research; researchers; review; studies; study; subjects
• What makes multinational clinical research ethical & how to minimize possible exploitation in host country? by Ali, Md Ashraf (2012) - Ensure that the scientific design realizes the scientific objectives while guaranteeing research participants the health-care interventions to which they are entitled. The goal of clinical research is to generate useful knowledge about health and illness. Keywords: countries; health; participants; research; risk
• A Pilot Study For Evaluating Egyptian Health Websites: Technical And Ethical Perspectives by Ali, Nahed M; Gamal, Amira; Mohamed, Amr A (2012) - The quality of information in health website plays a pivotal role in patient's safety. One possible reason for this diminishing diligence in checking sources and dates might lie with health websites themselves7. Keywords: egyptian; evaluation; health; health information; health websites; information; internet; medical; quality; study; websites
• Ethical Issues In Public Health Research by Mohammad Nurunnabi, Abu Sadat; Jahan, Mahmood Uz; Tanira, Shaorin (2012) - Key words: Public health, Public health research, Ethical issues, National Health Research Strategy, Bangladesh Medical Research Council. The emerging interest in ethical issues in public health research and practice reflects both the important societal role of public health and the growing public interest in the scientific integrity of health information and the equitable distribution of health care resources. Keywords: bangladesh; ethical; ethics; health; issues; public; research

• Scientific Freedom & Limits - Clinical Research Perspective by Fakruddin, Md; Chowdhury, Abhijit; Hossain, Md Nur; Mannan, Khanjada Shahnewaj Bin (2013) - Perhaps the first question to be clarified in any discussion of animal research is: which animals are to be included within the scope of consideration? Proponents of animal research usually advance arguments that appeal rather straightforwardly to the principle of beneficence. Keywords: animal; ethics; freedom; human; journal; research; scientific
• Engaging the Vulnerabilities of Alzheimer’s disease: a Care Ethics Perspective by Afolabi, Michael O.S. (2016) - It is reported, for instance, that some family members of AD patients engage the vulnerability to pain to which they are subject by denying the close ties they have to such patients. As such, vulnerability and dependency are key features of those needing long-term care.4 Against this conceptual backdrop, this paper examines some of the ethical issues associated with Alzheimer’s disease, the different spheres of vulnerability inherent in these, the relevance of a care ethics (CE) perspective in addressing them and some of the implications of such an approach for the care of AD patients. Keywords: alzheimer; autonomy; care; disease; ethics; human; patients; vulnerability
• Ethics of Clinical Research Involving Adults with Impaired Decision-Making Capacity by Biswas, Tonmoy (2016) - Abstract: Background: Proper decision making capacity, adequate disclosure and voluntary decisions are basic constituents of informed consent which is required in surgical procedures, any interventions, any tissue collection, or any research involving the human participants. Dunn LB, Lindamer LA, Palmer BW, Golshan S, Schneiderman LJ, Jeste DV. Improving understanding of research consent in middle-aged and elderly patients with psychotic disorders. Keywords: alzheimer; assessment; capacity; consent; decision; disease; ethics; journal; making; medical; patients; research; schizophrenia; study
• Singerian Vegetarianism and the Limits of Utilitarianism: A path towards a Meaning Ethics by Quiñones, Gabriel Vidal (2016) - We know how humans play their part in this narrative, but we have no idea how to think of or relate to non-humans, and this includes non-human animals. I think that from the point of view of a meaning ethics, one should answer a different question first, namely, how we should treat animals, because this can shed light on the moral status of non-human animals. Keywords: animals; ethics; meat; singer; utilitarianism; vegetarianism; vision; way
• Animal Ethics: Beyond Neutrality, Universality, and Consistency by Chakraborty, Sreetama (2016) - Way Out: This paper doubtlessly reflects an appeal to humanity for governing all of their interactions with non-human animals based on love, sympathy, care, kindness, and so on, but parallel to this, an important question that crops up in my mind is how animal rights ought to be seen from the broader context of human rights. Abstract: This paper reflects a possibility of going beyond the postmodernists’ way of ethically examining non-human animals based on the tripartite pillars of neutrality, universality, and consistency. Keywords: animals; beings; ethics; humans; non; principle; rights; singer; species; way
• Ethics Education for Contemporary Clinical Pharmacy Practice in Nigeria: Shortfalls and Needs by Okoro, Roland N. (2019) - Current situation of pharmacy ethics education in Nigeria: The Nigerian University Commission (NUC) which is the Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 2018; 10 (1): 1-5 2 apex regulatory authority of education in Nigeria has described pharmacy ethics in a 2-credit hour forensic pharmacy and pharmacy ethics single course in the just newly approved Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) programme5. However, the University of Benin PharmD curriculum described pharmacy ethics as a component of a 2-credit unit pharmacy law and ethics single course with same contents as approved by the NUC (Table 1)6. Keywords: education; ethics; nigeria; pharmacists; pharmacy; practice
• Knowledge, attitude and perception of Nigerian physiotherapists regarding ethics of professional practice by Bolarinde, Samuel O; Mba, Henry E. (2019) - 74.6% of participants had good knowledge of the code of professional ethics while 25.39% had poor knowledge. Only 40.8% (48) of the respondents demonstrated good attitudes toward the code of professional ethics. Keywords: code; ethics; knowledge; physiotherapists; physiotherapy; practice; professional; respondents
• Ethics in Social Research and Its Impact on Policy Implication, Planning and Development by Sarker, Profulla C.; Das, Uttam Kumar (2020) - Challenges to Ethical Considerations: Research ethics takes a particular interest in analyzing the aspect of what is right or wrong in carrying out social research. On this understanding, social research ethics denote the study of what the researchers must do or not do and how this should be considered. Keywords: action; approach; bangladesh; data; ethics; human; policy; research; researchers; right; social
• Editorial by Chakraborty, Rhyddhi (2020) - The fifth paper entitled The Relevance of deep ecological principles in Aquatic Crisis: A philosophical Analysis by Osebor Ikechukwu Monday recommends an ontological shift to address the water pollution affecting aquaculture. The paper argues that for such shift in consciousness, an implementation of deep ecological principles is required by the policy makers to give birth to ethical thinking and judicious use of environment and its resources. Keywords: environment; ethics; issue; paper
• The Relevance of deep ecological principles in Aquatic Crisis: A philosophical Analysis by Monday, Osebor Ikechukwu (2020) - The industrial sector had produced jobs, profits, expanded the quality of life, but it equally alienated human beings from nature7. Etymologically, anthropocentrism is a derivative of two Greek word ανθρωπoς (Anthropos, or human being) and κ́εντρoν (kentron, or centre)2. Keywords: crisis; environmental; ethics; human; nature; philosophy; principles; self
• Ethical Considerations in Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine: A Discussion Based on ‘The Belmont Report’ by Mozaffor, Miliva; Tabassum, Mariya; Sultan, Mohammad Tipu; Parvin, Shamima (2020) - We should also maintain a high level of quality in the product(s) of our professional endeavors, including validity and reliability of laboratory test results, interpretive opinions, Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 2019; 10(3): 5-10 10 scientific research, publication of data, and different forms of knowledge dissemination. Exceptions are made if the patient is a juvenile or is incapable of receiving or understanding laboratory results. Keywords: bangladesh; biochemistry; ethics; issues; laboratory; medical; medicine; patient
• Editorial by Chakraborty, Rhyddhi (2021) - The paper also indicates that the education on authorship of research papers helps in improving the awareness of such concept. With its origin in the Hippocrates Oath (5th-3rd Century BC), The Nuremberg Codes (1947), and The Declaration of Helsinki (1964), medical ethics set the rules of the professional conducts for the physicians and other medical specialists. Keywords: bangladesh; ethics; paper
• Ethics of Energy Technologies by Macer, Darryl (2012) - [http://www.unescobkk.org/index.php?id=energyethics]: • Universalism and environmental values • Ethical worldviews of nature • Visions and hopes of the future • Representation and who decides • Community engagement • Stakeholder responsibilities • Energy equity and human security • Cost-benefit analysis and economic constructions • Adoption & development of energy technologies (state of the art review) • Ethical frameworks for research agendas and policy • Educational frameworks for environmental ethics • Nuclear dialogues • Energy flow, environment, and ethical implications of meat production • Water ethics and water resource management The aim of the working groups is to develop dialogue around these particular issues with a focus on environmental ethics and human security. Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 2010; 1(1):5 Keywords: energy; ethics
• Ethics and Integrity in Public Service in Bangladesh: Institutional and Comprehensive Approach by Iftekharuzzaman, M (2012) - A key role would be played by preventive measures against erosion of public service integrity and honesty by enforcing public service code of ethics including positive and negative incentives. Email: edtib@ti-bangladesh.org This paper is an attempt to examine the challenges to prevent erosion of ethics and integrity in public service in Bangladesh. Keywords: ethics; integrity; service
• Ethical Dilemma and Research Methodology of Social Sciences by Neaz, Ahmad AN (2012) - A key role would be played by preventive measures against erosion of public service integrity and honesty by enforcing public service code of ethics including positive and negative incentives. Ethics and integrity in public service are more than a project of value or moral education, however well-designed it may be. Keywords: development; ethics
• Institutional Ethical Review Board (IERB): concept & contect by Talukder, Md Humayun Kabir; Hossain, Md Zakir; Ahkter, Nasrin; Perveen, Ismat Ara (2012) - It is mandatory that all proposal on biomedical research involving human participants should be cleared/approved by an appropriately constituted institutional ethical review board (IERB)/ institutional ethic committee(IEC), also referred to as Institutional review board (IRB) ethics review board (ERB) and Research Ethics board(REB) in other countries.2 Competence and independence are the two hallmarks of an (IERB)/ (IEC) .The responsibilities of an (IERB)/ (IEC) are protection of dignity, rights and well being of potential research participants; ensuring that universal ethical values and international scientific standards are expressed in terms of community values and customs and assistance in the development and in the education of a research community responsive to local health care Parviji j, Tarity D, Conner K, Smith B, Institutional review board approval: Why it matters? Keywords: board; ethics; research; review
• Ethics in the Judiciary System of Bangladesh by Imam, Mehedi (2012) - Advocates • As per Rule 10 of The Bangladesh Legal Practitioners and Bar Council Rules 1972, the functions of the Bangladesh Bar Council includes, is to  admit persons as Advocates on its roll;  hold examinations for purposes of admission;  remove Advocates from such roll;  lay down standard of professional conduct and etiquette for Advocates;  entertain and determine cases of misconduct against Advocates on its roll and to order punishment in such cases;  promote legal education etc. • As per Bangladesh Bar Council, every person shall, before being admitted as an Advocate, pass a written examination, viva voce ‐ and a vocational training course of approx. The BVC is conducted by the Legal Education and Training Institute (LETI) of Bangladesh Bar Council. Keywords: bangladesh; bar; ethics
• An Overall View Of Bio Ethics Practices In Our Day To Day Life And It`S Remedies by Ahmed, ZU (2012) - An Overall view of Bio Ethics practices in our day to day life and it`s remedies Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 2010;1(3);52-57 AN OVERALL VIEW OF BIO ETHICS PRACTICES IN OUR DAY TO DAY LIFE AND IT`S REMEDIES Z. U. Ahmed Director , Makan Group, Dhaka .Email: Value of Life – Human life has inviolable sanctity. Keywords: ethics; good; life

• Religious denominations vs ethical models in the beginning of life by Hossain, Arif (2012) - On the other hand, other distinguished ethical models (consequentialism or utilitarianism) are “creativity”, e.g. models of responsibility (personalism), models of caring (care ethics) etc. On the other hand, other distinguished ethical models e.g. consequentialism or utilitarianism (actions are right or wrong according to the balance of their good and bad consequences), models of responsibility (personalism-act is good if the gain aimed at outweighs the damage incurred), models of caring (care ethics-relationship-based accounts: caring in these accounts refers to care for, emotional commitment to, and willingness to act on behalf of persons with whom one has a significant relationship) etc are “creative” model. Keywords: beginning; human; life; models
• Peace, Conflict and Resolution (Good vs. Evil) by Hossain, Arif (2013) - Demonstrations directed against US military presence has developed in Spain, Ecuador, Italy, Paraguay, Uzbekistan, and Bulgaria and in many other countries. During the 2 nd World War America with its European allies went into world wide military campaign to defeat Germany, Italy and Japan. Keywords: america; cain; corruption; countries; evil; good; human; man; military; nature; people; russia; world
• Human Rights: Illusion or Reality; Theological (Shiite) Perspective (Part-1) by Jamkarani, Ali (2015) - If one studies human rights history, generally one discovers a pattern that is, that human rights advanced when humans where in difficulty to find a solution for a problem or because of wars done without firm ground for the cause of war; Example World Wars. ONLINE1JOURNAL@gmail.com Abstract: The discussion is based around these issues, history of Human Rights, timeline for Human Rights history, question asked in this regard and enemy and friend of ‘human rights’. Keywords: concept; corruption; human; knowledge; peace; people; rights; world
• CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Editing of Human ?-globin Gene in Human Cells: A Commentary on the Research Ethics by Swazo, Norman K. (2015) - The Helsinki Declaration, revised most recently in October 2013, addresses human subjects research and, pertinent to this experiment, “research on identifiable human material” 2. Keywords: CRISPR/Cas9; human germ line modification; ethics; China; gene-editing technology Reporting: On 01 April 2015, Chinese researchers Puping Liang et al. (from the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University), published a research article in the Journal Protein & Cell, reporting the results of an experiment using a gene-editing tool known as CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas9, the “editing” enzyme) 1 . Keywords: cas9; crispr; editing; gene; human; modification; research
• Human Rights: Illusion or Reality; Theological (Shiite) Perspective (Part 2) by Jamkarani, Ali (2015) - Majority of the thought in the text, based on hadith-tradition- from the Prophet of Islam Peace upon Him and His family Ahl al-Bait Peace upon Them. He used to quote a narration as follows: before Aqa Sheikh Abass wrote Mafatih al-Jinan -The Keys to the Gardens of Paradise-, Zad al-Ma‟ad -Provisions of the Hereafter- of Marhum Majlisi , May God blesses him, was popular. Keywords: author(s; body; heart; human; imam; intellect; islam; knowledge; laws; mind; peace; people; principles; rights; soul; source; spirit; world
• Special Relations, Special Obligations, and Speciesism by Qi, Eric X. (2016) - If X has a morally relevant special relation with Z relative to W, then X has special obligations to Z compared to W. Like special relation, special obligation is also a comparative concept. Some types of special relation warrant special moral obligations, other types do not. Keywords: human; interests; membership; obligations; relations; special; speciesism
• Justice and Non-Human Animals - Part I by Attfield, Robin; Humphreys, Rebekah (2016) - But many ethicists hesitate to affirm animal rights, in some cases because rights characteristically can be claimed and non-human animals are almost entirely unable to make claims, and in some cases because they reserve the language of rights for the relations of parties who can enter into agreements with each other, something that, once again, animals cannot do. We conclude that adherents of a range of theories including sentientism and biocentrism must accept that human interests can sometimes be superseded by animal interests, and that this applies not least in matters of justice. Keywords: animals; beings; human; interests; justice; non; rights; theory
• Existence and Needs: A case for the equal moral considerability of non-human animals by Ndasauka, Yamikani; Kayange, Grivas M. (2016) - Keywords: Animal rights, existentialism, needs, bioethics, moral consideration Introduction: Since the onset of human civilization, humans have viewed non-human animals as inferior on the hierarchy of being and have hence treated non-human animals as instruments for promoting the welfare of humans. In the first section, the paper expounds on the common view that regards humans as having higher Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 2016; 7(3): 23-33 24 moral status than non-human animals. Keywords: animals; essence; existence; god; human; needs; non; status; world
• Editorial Vol.8(1) by Ebert, Rainer (2017) - Akande Michael Aina and Ofuasia Emmanuel (“The Chicken Fallacy and the Ethics of Cruelty to Non-Human Animals”) challenge the common view that non-human animals are mere resources that we can use as we please, and ask whether Peter Singer’s ethics of animal liberation is a plausible alternative. Robin Attfield and Rebekah Humphreys (“Justice and Non-Human Animals”) complete their argument for the claim that our treatment of non-human animals is a matter of justice, the first part of which can be found in the previous issue of this journal. Keywords: animals; human; journal
• MacchiariniGate: The Fall from Grace of Stem Cell Healer, Paolo Macchiarini, and Clues and Concerns from the Early Literature that Cast Ethical Doubts by da Silva, Jaime A. Teixeira (2018) - Jungebluth P, Luedde M, Ferrer E, Luedde T, Vucur M, Peinado VI, Go T, Schreiber C, Richthofen MV, Bader A, Haag J, Darsow KH, Bartel SJ, Lange HA, Furlani D, Steinhoff G, Macchiarini P. Mesenchymal stem cells restore lung function by recruiting resident and non-resident proteins. 5. Macchiarini P, Mazmanian GM, Oriol R, de Montpreville V, Dulmet E, Fattal S, Libert JM, Doubine S, Nochy D, Rieben R, Dartevelle P. Ex vivo lung model of pig-to-human hyperacute xenograft rejection. Keywords: birchall; cells; human; journal; lancet; macchiarini; papers; patients; research; stem; surgery; time; tissue; tracheal; transplantation; university
• On the Interests of Non-human Animals in Traditional Yorùbá Culture: A Critique of Ọ̀rúnmìlà by Ofuasia, Emmanuel (2018) - Specifically, in Odù Ògúndá Otura, one of the numerous chapters of the Ifá Corpus, Ọ̀rúnmìlà, the founder and primordial deity of Ifá discloses his authorization, the use of non-human animals for sacrifice and other human ends interminably. We riposte that the age long supercilious perspective among the Yorùbá that humans rank higher and over non-human animals, as documented in the said Odù is no longer tenable on biological and moral-legal grounds. Keywords: animals; children; culture; human; ifá; individualism; non; odù; ọ̀rúnmìlà; rat; rights; sacrifice; yorùbá; ògúndá
• Dignity, Community and Albinism in Malawi by Nyirenda, Vitumbiko (2019) - Abstract: Thaddeus Metz, “African conceptions of human dignity” (2012), presents an African conception of dignity that he relates to human rights. Metz, T. African conceptions of human dignity: Vitality and community as the ground of human rights. Keywords: albinism; community; dignity; human; metz; pa(s; people
• Ethics after Darwin: Completing the Revolution by Ebert, Rainer (2020) - For the moral individualist, who as we recall ties full moral status to having the potential or genetic disposition for a certain degree of mental capacity, drawing the line is tantamount to specifying that degree, and how could there be a principled reason to pick one degree over another that is only slightly different from it? The qualified speciesist arguing from kind membership too must specify a degree of mental capacity that must be normal for a kind in order for the members of that kind to qualify for full moral status, and he or she must further explain what it takes for a capacity to become the norm for a given kind. Keywords: animals; human; line; morality; species; status
• Ethical Perception Of Tissue Banking In Bangladesh by Zahid, Hasan M; Chakma, Kanchan; Miah, Mamun; Ness, Azizun (2012) - If this occurs, the commercialization of human tissues could have the unintended consequence of compromising human tissue research and subordinating the health of the public to profit maximization. KEY WORDS: commercialization, confidentiality, human tissue sample, informed Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 2010; 1(2):11-19 ETHICAL PERCEPTION OF TISSUE BANKING IN BANGLADESH Hasan M. Zahid*, Kanchan Chakma, Mamun Miah and Azizun Nessa Tissue Banking and Biomaterial Research Unit, Atomic Energy Research Establishment (AERE), GPO Box-3787, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission has initiated the processing of human tissue for utilization in reconstructive surgery as allograft in cooperation with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Keywords: bangladesh; banking; banks; bone; consent; donor; human; research; tissue
• Animal Research In Diabetes And Ethical Consideration by Lasker, Shamima Parvin; Raihan, Rishad (2012) - This is often impossible to predict when animal models will develop the human disease 14. There is no doubt that the development of animal models of diabetes Conclusion: has improved treatment and provided a better understanding of this disease. Keywords: animal; bangladesh; diabetes; human; model; research; type
• Study And Analysis Of Stem Cell Therapy And Its Ethical Consideration by Ullah, M; Chaudhary, Vidyanath; Absar, Nurul (2012) - Stem cells are important because human development occurs from stem cells. Key words: Stem cells, Stem cell treatment, Leukemia, Cardio vascular diseases, Ethical issues, Stem cell therapy business. Keywords: adult; bone; cells; disease; embryonic; human; marrow; patients; research; stem; stem cells; therapy; tissue; treatment

• Challenge of 21st Century to integrate the reproductive technologies concerning the beginning of human life by Lasker, Shamima Parvin (2012) - Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 2012; 3(1):3 3 EDITORIAL CHALLENGE OF 21ST CENTURY TO INTEGRATE THE REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES CONCERNING THE BEGINNING OF HUMAN LIFE Religion is significantly important to understand how the 21st century will integrate the new reproductive technologies concerning the beginning of human life. In school of Protestant accept the expansion of human freedoms but control over human reproduction (Joseph Fletcher). Keywords: embryo; life
• Ethical case deliberation involving the end of life decision by Ebunoluwa, Oduwole (2012) - Key Words: Moral conflict, ethical case deliberation, method of deliberation INTRODUCTION: There are a lot of dilemma that faces patients, family and the medical professions towards the end of life. Common sense, consciousness and consensus are important aspects in ethical case deliberation. Keywords: care; case; death; deliberation; life; method; patient
• Planetary Protection for Mars: Time for Reconsideration by Alexandrov, Svetoslav (2016) - After all, prospects of the existence of Mars life were generally not thought to be very high – it was either considered to be entirely in past tense, or currently existing underground. And thirdly, even if the argument is raised that Mars life should be studied first before the planet is exploited, on anthropocentric grounds such objection doesn’t assign intrinsic worth to the extraterrestrial environment, because for the anthropocentrist it’s the humanity that counts 11. Keywords: life; mars; planetary; space
• Astronomic Bioethics: Terraforming X Planetary protection by Palhares, Dario; Santos, Íris Almeida dos (2017) - The fear of space agencies of damage to other planets with terrestrial living beings is not supported by ecological studies of the terrestrial ecosystems. Or on the contrary, the living cell is considered so wonderful so that efforts must be made for colonisation with terrestrial living beings? Keywords: beings; colonisation; earth; life; living; microbes; planetary; planets; space; species; water
• An African Perspective on Surrogacy and the Justification of Motherhood by Aina, Akande Michael (2017) - This will be done through a critical analysis of Yoruba cultural beliefs about personhood and the metaphysical underpinning between birth and the ontology of life itself. Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 2017; 8(3):18-25 21 Inspite of the differences between spirit and matter, Yoruba people believe that there is a harmonious relationship between them. Keywords: child; life; mother; people; person; spiritual; surrogacy; surrogate; yoruba
• Ehical Reading Of Platos’s The Republic by Ybanez Tomacruz, Jose Ma (2012) - Thus, if one is born evil, one will always be evil, at least until one is still alive in this world, for in such life one “shall cleave of 4 Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 2010;1(2):2-6 necessity”. Those who lived good or virtuous lives are judged to go to the upper region, and those who lived evil lives are adjudged to the lower region. Keywords: evil; life; plato; souls; story

• Should nursing ethics be distinguished from medical ethics? by Lasker, Shamima Parvin (2012) - Medical care is much boarder than simply restoring normal function. For them role of nursing care is more important. Keywords: care
• Nurses lived experiences of conscience reaction: a qualitative phenomenological study by Hasani, Parkhideh; Jalali, Rostam; Abedsaeedi, Zhila (2012) - The nurses try to resolve these stress and burden simultaneously with having discomfort, guiltiness and blaming; by performing several actions such as compensating, don't repeating and expressing under the name of reaction of conscience theme. This study aimed to illuminate meanings of nurses lived experience of conscience reaction in their daily practices. Keywords: care; conscience; data; experience; nurses; nursing; participants; reaction; study
• Breach of confidentiality: unintentional common practice due to misunderstanding and unawareness by Khan, Mohammad Waseem (2012) - Conclusion: Maintaining confidentiality is increasingly difficult in modern medicine as many people have access to medical records, including the attending physician, house staff, medical students, consultants, nurses, social workers, pharmacists, billing staff and medical records but all possible measures should be taken to safe guard patient’s confidential information to maintain the value of trust between patient and physician. Patients keeping their trust on physician reveals all concerned confidential information to their physician with surety that physician will not reveal it to other person and will keep it confidential. Keywords: care; confidentiality; patient; physician
• Standard of Care in Clinical Research Involving Human Subjects: A Perspective from Developing World by Khan, Muhammad Waseem; Khan, Sanam Zeib; Tareen, Afrasiab Khan; Sultan, Imrana Niaz (2014) - The recent debate in developing countries is mainly focused on the issue of standard of care that is used for the research participants in research studies that are conducted by multinational companies from developed countries. As only less than 10% of the world research resources are allocated for the 90% of health problems that causes the debate of standard of care which should be provided to the study participants in research studies that are conducted in developing countries 1 . Keywords: care; countries; research; standard
• Editorial by Lasker, Shamima Parvin (2019) - Personal involvement and motivation of care providers are considered an important element of good care. Bioethics training must be needed to foster inter alia and moral power of imagination of care providers. Keywords: care; manipulation

• Peace, Conflict and Resolution (Good vs. Evil) Part 2 by Hossain, Arif (2013) - The world powers are getting set to wage war (third world war) on the Mahdi when he rises; but information from the Prophetic sources says arrows shall not touch the Mahdi. At this time Mahdi will be joined by Jesus son of Mary who will descend from the heavens to help Imam Mahdi. Keywords: age; america; babylon; earth; end; evil; good; imam; mahdi; people; present; rev; times; war; world
• Child Marriage in Bangladesh: Policy and Ethics by Arnab, Ahnaf Tahmid; Siraj, Md. Sanwar (2020) - In reference to such values, the tradition of legitimizing child marriage in Bangladesh is the issue that needs to be addressed in a holistic yet rigorous approach. Currently Bangladesh ranks 4th in the world and 1st in Asia in terms of child marriage. Keywords: act; ages; bangladesh; child; child marriage; daughters; law; marriage; people; provision
• The Case of Doctor-Patient Relationship in Bangladesh: An Application of Relational Model of Autonomy by Ahmed, Tanvir (2021) - The term ‘relational autonomy’ does not refer to a single synthesized conception of autonomy but is rather an umbrella term, designating a range of related viewpoints4. Relationships (with family, community and society), responsibility, care and interdependence are the key components of relational autonomy. Keywords: autonomy; bangladesh; doctor; medical; model; patient; people; relationship; treatment
• Riverbank erosion displacees in Bangladesh: need for institutional response and policy intervention by Islam, MD Fakrul; Rashid, ANM Baslur (2012) - 6 Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics, 2011;2(2): 4-19 riverbank erosion people lose their land and become homeless. Riverbank erosion victims are treated in same manner by the government as victims of other disasters. Keywords: area; bangladesh; disaster; displacees; displacement; erosion; family; land; loss; management; members; people; riverbank; riverbank erosion; time; victims; women
• Moral Deviation In Young People Of Bangladesh by Ara, Rowshan; Mahjabeen, Tanha (2012) - The study team found out total 229 drug users spot, among them 21 of the injecting drug users spot, 77 of the heroin smokers spot and other 131 spot where Drug users take other drugs. Further, the more drugs adolescents use, the more likely they are to have friends who use not only those drugs but other drugs as well. Keywords: adolescents; bangladesh; drug; eve; family; girls; people

• Your consent and my decision - a case study by Asirvatham, Packiaraj (2012) - For them the Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 2012; 3(2):27-30 29 safety of Raju is more important than cure whereas for doctor cure is more important with safety. Raju and his family members are so concerned about the welfare of Raju where doctor is so concerned about his duty of curing Raju to a maximum. Keywords: doctor; patient; raju
• Breast cancer with pregnancy in cross cultural setting by Lasker, Shamima P (2012) - Doctor is expected to save life of patient at all cost and at the same time not to do any sort of harm of patients. Therefore, medical professions patients and family may face a lot of dilemma for cultural difference. Keywords: case; doctor; ethical; family; patient; pregnancy; surgery
• Islamic Perceptions of Medication with Special Reference to Ordinary and Extraordinary Means of Medical Treatment by Malik, Mohammad Manzoor (2013) - A very comprehensive statement worthy of consideration is the resolution of Islamic Fiqh Academy, al-Majma al-Fiqh al-Islami, on the medication that was made in its seventh session in Jeddah on 7-12, 11, 1412 h. as follows: The medication is permissible because of its justification from the Quran, both statements and acts of the Prophet (Sunnah), and for the reason that it guards the self of a person, which is one of the basic objectives of the Shariah. The aforementioned classification of obligation to medical treatment as stated in the resolution of al-Majma al-Fiqh al-Islami is made in relevance to the nature of diseases. Keywords: beirut; bukhari; dar; hadith; ibn; islamic; means; medical; medication; patient; quran; treatment
• The Nijmegen Method of Case Deliberation and Clinical Decision in a Multicultural Society by Kazeem, Fayemi Ademola (2014) - Though the physician with the assistance of the professional translator in the hospital tried to convince Mrs. X family that she was dead, the family had some difficulties initially in believing that she was dead not until the mechanical ventilator was removed. Case: Mrs. X, a Yoruba woman in her early forties who was fourteen weeks pregnant, developed a severe headache on her return from the market. Keywords: case; family; healthcare; mrs; patient; team
• Informed Consent: Protecting Patients Or Salvaging Physicians by Memon, Inayat Ullah (2012) - Patient’s competency in clinical settings and other legal environments: Standards of giving legal consent differ from that of discharging informed consent for medical purposes. Keywords: Informed consent, Autonomy, Ethical principles Introduction: This article highlights and analyzes various ethical issues relating to one of the fundamental element of contemporary bioethics i.e. principle of informed consent. Keywords: case; consent; court; patient; physician; research

• Professional boundaries and psychotherapy: a review by De Sousa, Avinash (2012) - Patients generally understand if the therapist explains that the session cannot be extended because there are other patients waiting to be seen. It is very essential that the therapist receives adequate training prior to embarking on therapy with patients. Keywords: boundaries; boundary; patients; professional; psychotherapy; sexual; therapist; violations
• Shortcomings and Inadequacies of Autonomy Argument for Euthanasia by Malik, Mohammad Manzoor (2014) - Conclusion: The best interest and golden rule arguments are based on subjective moral judgment, therefore they fail the morally universalization test and do not make a strong argument for the permissibility of euthanasia. Utilitarian ethicists motivated by materialistic worldview and individualism have made patient autonomy based arguments for the permissibility of active euthanasia. Keywords: argument; autonomy; euthanasia; patients; rachels; rule
• Practice of Informed Consent, Confidentiality and Privacy by Physicians at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital by Rafique, Zoheb Rafique; Bhatti, Urooj (2015) - Some physicians were of the view that patients and their relatives are only interested to see patient get well soon and they are not interested how and why. Participants were randomly selected from patients aged over 18 years. Keywords: consent; patients; physicians; privacy
• Accountability for Reasonableness, for Priority Setting and Resource Allocation: A Case Scenario by Rafique, Zoheb (2015) - SARS and hospital priority setting: a qualitative case study and evaluation. There were majority of patients suffering from chronic liver diseases (CLD). Keywords: accountability; condition; patients; reasonableness
• Editorial for special issue on publication ethics, March 2018 by Ahmed, Tahera (2018) - The paper by Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva titled ‘Macchiarini Gate: The Fall from Grace of Stem Cell Healer, Paolo Macchiarini, and Clues and Concerns from the Early Literature that Cast Ethical Doubts ‘ is a real eye opener into the misconduct and ethical behavior of doctors to patients. So Dr. Paolo Macchiarini , a tracheal surgeon in 2008 became famous with the transplantation of a trachea from a dead body and the patient’s stem cells to ‘regenerate’ new trachea. Keywords: macchiarini; paper; patients

• Editorial by Ahmed, Tahera (2015) - The papers search deeply into the ethical issues related to scientific research and raises pertinent questions. This interesting and relevant field of ethics and ethical rights encompasses a huge, comprehensive arena from robotics and genetics to exploring the universe. Keywords: research; rights
• Children as Research Subjects: The Ethical Issues by Ferdousi, Nahid (2015) - 10 G. P. Koocher & P. C Keith-Spiegel, “Children Ethics and the Law: Professional Issues and Cases”, Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press, 1990, p. 11. 11 MA Powell, RM Fitzgerald, N Taylor & A Graham, “International literature review: ethical issues in Undertaking research with children and young people”, the Child watch International Research Network, Southern Cross University, Centre for Children and Young People, Lismore NSW and University of Otago, Centre for Research on Children and Families, Dunedin, NZ, March 2012, pp. 1-51. 16 Lovisa Skånfors, Ethics in Child Research:Children’s Agency and Researchers’ ‘Ethical Radar’ Childhoods Today, vol. 3 (1), 2009, pp. 1-5. 17 Guidance for developing ethical research projects involving children, Department of Children and Youth Affairs, Ireland, April 2012, p.1.Guidance for developing ethical research projects involving children. http://www.dcya.gov.ie/documents/Publications/Ethics_Guidance.pdf. Keywords: children; consent; information; principles; research; researchers; rights
• Animal Citizenship, Phenomenology, and Ontology: Some reflections on Donaldson’s & Kymlicka’s Zoopolis by Ortega Rodríguez, Iván (2017) - If our attempt was successful, then we would have a more clarified conceptual landscape of the relationship between humans and other animals, at least in some important cases (some of the most common and closest human/animal interactions) 15 . Different realms and different types: being-in-the-world and being-in-an-environment; Phenomenological and ontological considerations: In my opinion, the considerations in first philosophy need to consider firstly the different realms established in the interactions between humans and other animals — we leave aside the realms constituted by nonhuman animals among themselves, within the same species or between different ones —; and secondly, we need to study the problem of the type of being that each of us is, humans and nonhumans, according to their belonging or not to each realm 16 . Keywords: animals; citizenship; humans; participation; realm; rights; zoopolis
• Basic Concept of Intellectual property Rights (IPRs) by Hossain, Arif (2018) - Although patent rights was evident in Sybaris, an ancient city of Greece but the first came in statutory as Venetian Patent Statute in Vanice in 1450 to protect industrial innovation 4. Patent rights in India. https://www.hg.org/article.asp?id=4995 (access on oct.2017) 9. Keywords: copyright; iprs; patent; rights; use; work

• Editorial Vol.7(3) by Ebert, Rainer (2016) - Most assumed that human beings have a higher moral status than other animals, and that it is therefore morally permissible to use non-human animals as a source of food, clothing, and entertainment, and for scientific purposes. This, the first special issue on animal ethics contains the following five articles: Robin Attfield and Rebekah Humphreys (“Justice and Non-Human Animals”) challenge the widely held belief that non-human animals are not included within the scope of the principles of justice, and suggest that the interests of non-human animals sometimes take precedence over the interests of human beings. Keywords: animals; beings
• Justice and Non-Human Animals - Part II by Attfield, Robin; Humphreys, Rebekah (2017) - Non-anthropocentrism, Justice and Animals: In the light of the above concerns regarding anthropocentric conceptions of justice and regarding contractarianism, it is now time to consider what can be said about justice towards non-human animals by people who reject anthropocentrism (even if they are not adherents of animals rights) and who accept an alternative moral framework. However, if such theories encounter problems with including non-human animals as recipients of justice (as contractarianism does) then they may be seen to undermine themselves as non-anthropocentric moral theories. Keywords: animals; humans; interests; journal; justice; non; obligations; press

• Issues of research ethics and clinical ethics in developing world, possible solution: a way forward by Khan, Muhammad Waseem; Sultana, Imrana Niaz; Khan, Afrasiab (2012) - 3 The issue of scientific validity and social value of any research study is important that lacks in developing countries research studies. It is mainly used in studies which are of no value to the society of research participants rather it is just for the registering of me too drugs and achieving financial gain and registering their products. Keywords: countries; participants; research; study
• Child Marriage: A Discussion Paper by Ahmed, Tahera (2015) - Key Words: child marriage, consequences, traditions, education, security, poverty BACKGROUND: Child Marriage defined as marriage before the age of 18 - applies to both boys and girls, but it ismore common among young girls 1 .The issue of Child marriage is such a reality in many countries that it was not questioned for years together and was accepted as the norm. The ill effects child marriage is reflected in the statements of Anthony Lake, Executive Director of UNICEF: “Child marriage is not only wrong, it is dangerous. Keywords: bangladesh; brides; child; countries; education; girls; marriage; women; world
• Infertility Treatment in Developing Country by Lasker, Shamima Parvin (2012) - Bangladesh Bioethics Society 2011 Vol 2 Issue 2 Page 3 3 EDITORIAL INFERTILITY TREATMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRY Western countries believe that overpopulation is the major problem of developing countries. However, because parenthood has deeper social rooted in developing countries, the social and psychological consequences of involuntary childlessness are often more severe and largely impact on the lives of men and especially women. Keywords: countries
• Intellectual Property Rights And Developing Countries by Hossain, Arif; Lasker, Shamima Parvin (2012) - Developed countries and business corporations who are benefited directly from IPRs regime insist on implementation of strong IPRs for all countries. When most of the innovation (97%) in the hand of developed countries. Keywords: countries; economic; iprs; property

• Informed consent of human subjects: a review by Islam, Mohammad Rashedul (2014) - In almost all cases, investigators must document the informed consent process by use of a written consent document (research consent form) signed and dated by the subject or his/her legally authorized representative (or surrogate) and the investigator (or study staff if approved by the PHRC) who obtained the subject’s consent. Sanchez S, Salazar G, Tijero M, Diaz S: Informed consent procedures: responsibilities of researchers in developing countries. Keywords: consent; document; information; investigator; participants; participation; phrc; procedures; process; research; study; subject
• Ethical considerations in research with children by Chowdhury, Shahanaz (2014) - the differential power relationships between adult researcher and child participant; and iv. ETHICAL STANDARDS IN RESEARCH 6 Research ethics are a set of principles about how researchers and research organizations should conduct themselves when dealing with research participants, other researchers and colleagues, the users of their research and society in general. Keywords: children; consent; information; investigator; principle; research
• Organ Transplantation And Vulnerable Donors: Donation Under Emotional Compulsion by Memon, Inayat Ullah (2012) - Lentine KL, Schnitzler MA, Xiao H, Saab G, Salvalaggio PR, Axelord D et al, ‘Racial variation in medical outcomes among living kidney donors’, N Eng J Med, August 2010, vol. In cases of live related donor transplantation, the four boxes of Jonsen et al ought to be applied in both involved persons i.e. patient and donor. Keywords: consent; decision; donation; donor; family; kidney; organ; transplantation

• Undue influences on drugs and device industries distort healthcare research, and practice by Rahman, Mohammad Arifur; Farzana, Laila (2015) - It is possible that major journals have often undisclosed conflict of interests from publishing industry trials. Journals also have conflicts themselves, because such industry trials generate considerable revenue from offprints and can boost the journal‘s impact factor by as much as 15% 6 . Keywords: bmj; conflict; drug; education; evidence; guidelines; healthcare; industry; interests; medical; meta; pharmaceutical; practice; research; trials
• Awareness and Perceptions on Bioethical Issues among Pre-Service Science Teachers by Daud, Zulkefli; Ari, Zainab; Daud, Noorafizah (2020) - The findings in the statement Bioethical issues needs to be studied in the Science and Biology curriculum which perceived very high level, and often discuss bioethical issues in class which perceived low high level may need to be considered when designing a new Science and Biology curriculum by incorporating bioethical issues into the current curriculum structure. Abstract: This study aims to investigate the awareness and perception level of bioethical issues among pre-service science teachers at one of the Malaysian Education Institutions. Keywords: awareness; bioethical; education; gene; issues; level; perception; respondents; science; science teachers; service; study; teachers
• Understanding of Authorship by the Post Graduate Medical Students at a Center in Bangladesh by Lasker, Shamima Parvin; Begum, Muslema; Hossain, Arif; Matin, Md Abdul; Islam, Saiful; Macer, Darryl (2021) - Vesna pointed out that 18% of authors were honorary authorship in their study and 55% were ICMJE-defined honorary authorship3. Conclusion: The comparative data between pre- and post-text have highlighted a general lack of understanding of the basic concept of authorship ethics which significantly improved after Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 2021; 12 (1): 25-34 26 the intervention. Keywords: article; authorship; bangladesh; education; medical; research; respondents; students; study
• Understanding Lessons Of Ethics In The Primary Education Of Bangladesh by Kabir, Alamgir; Imam, Mehedi (2012) - Majority of guardians think text books contain ethical knowledge and they are insufficient. On appropriateness of the lessons, only a few teachers were satisfied but majority felt the need of ethical knowledge according to age and psychology. Keywords: education; knowledge; students; teachers

• Ethical issues of randomized controlled trials by Sarker, Jyotirmoy (2014) - Clinical trials involve the application of different medical interventions on human participants. key words: randomized clinical trials, ethics, clinical research INTRODUCTION: Keywords: groups; participants; research; treatment; trials
• Justification of participation of human subjects in Phase 1 clinical trials: an ethical analysis by Memon, Inayat Ullah (2012) - Conclusion And Suggestion: There are no unequivocal guidelines by the international ethics organizations to set limits for the financial inducements offered to participations in research trials, particularly phase I. There are recommendations by some national organizations, but these are either vague or controversial such as those of British Pharmaceutical Industry (delinking benefits to the risks) and Royal College of Physicians (linking benefits to degree of inconvenience and incurring risks). Hill TP, ‘Phase O clinical trials: Are they ethically challenged?’, Editorial, Clinical Cancer Res, 2007, vol. 13, no: 3, pp. Keywords: benefit; participants; phase; research; subjects; trials; vol

• Ethics in dissection of cadaver in teaching and learning of anatomy by Nurunnabi, Abu Sadat Mohammad; Ara, Shamim; Khalil, Mohsin; Khalil, Mansur (2012) - Moreover, the main ethical concern of cadaver dissection lies in respect to human life. This writing has been aimed to put a nominal guideline how to act in an ethical way in cadaver dissection by the medical students in medical colleges and pave the way for better understanding how to respond in an ethical manner in medical professional life. Keywords: anatomy; cadaver; dissection; hall; medical; students; teaching
• We Still Need to Improve Our Research Writing Ethics by Sehgal, Sheikh Arslan (2016) - To cope such issues, some basic ethics needs to be aware and followed for betterment of research work in scientific community including Pakistan. Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 2016; 7(2):35-38 37 Student should always try to be unbiased in write-up, decisions, peer review, data interpretation, data analyses, experimental design and other aspects of research work. Keywords: authorship; data; research; students
• A survey on the attitude of college students to the privacy right as opposed to the right to know by Ghotbi, Nader (2020) - Third, I asked the students if they believed in general that the ‘right to privacy and confidentiality’ was more important or the ‘right to know’. Introduction: In USA, the public ‘right to know’ was first suggested as a specific legal concept by Cooper in 1956 who was the director of a news agency at the time1. Keywords: balance; children; information; know; privacy; right; students
• Drug abuse and drug addiction among students of University of Rajshahi by Tahjiba, Faiqua (2020) - Results: Findings of the study show that the causes of drug addiction included curiosity, frustration, friends’ request, neglect from family and friends etc. Most of them faced physical problems after taking drugs, and some of them tried to get rid of this curse of drug addiction. Keywords: abuse; addiction; drugs; percent; research; respondents; students; table; university

• Why Is Family-Oriented Organ Transplantation Policy and Practice Necessary for Bangladesh? by Siraj, Md. Sanwar (2020) - As Bangladesh is a family-oriented collective society, the kinship relation and strong familial bonds may encourage relatives into donating organs to a patient. The practice of allowing unrelated altruistic donors as is done in the West and Iran, or even in the special circumstance in Paksitan, the act of donating organs will comprehensievly increase organ trade in Bangladesh, which in turn will cause more harms than benefits. Keywords: bangladesh; donation; donors; family; living; organs; policy; practice; relatives; transplantation

• Debate on Pediatric Research by Lasker, Shamima Parvin (2013) - Pediatric research is needed bcause some diseases are typical of children and there is metabolic differences between children and adults. In the 18th century, children were viewed as property of adults. Keywords: children
• Justice for Children in Bangladesh: Legal and Ethical Issues by Ferdousi, Nahid (2020) - After reforms of child justice law, lack of proper implementation of the Act 2013, creates many limitations among key actors in the justice administration. Child justice is a key component of child rights in terms of upholding their best interests when they involved with crime. Keywords: act; bangladesh; children; court; justice; law; protection; system

• Can coercion be justified when it benefits the poor? The case of commercial surrogacy industry in India by Asirvatham, Packiaraj (2017) - Packiaraj.a@gmail.com Abstract: Commercial surrogacy in India is a booming industry however the raising number of poor illiterate women's participation as commercial surrogate poses serious question of coercion, on the other hand it economically empowers them. The Confederation of Indian Industry analyzed that commercial surrogacy had grown to a $2.3 billion industry in India in 2012 2. Keywords: coercion; commercial; context; india; industry; internet; reproductive; surrogacy; surrogates; women
• Gender Equity and Economic Empowerment: Women and Ethical/Religious Family Law in Bangladesh by Monsoor, Taslima (2012) - The primacy given to custom has worked to the detriment of Muslim women and a shift to ethical and religious Sharia law of property and succession would be a positive step. The core of the problem is that many women in Bangladesh today are deprived of the rights granted by the ethical/religious and statutory family laws. Keywords: women
• Gender Imbalance in Policy Making Level in Science and Ethical Issue by Lasker, Shamima Parvin (2012) - REFERENCES: 1. 4000 Years of Women in Science: How long have women been active scientists? When the achievement of women leadership in Science and technology (S&T) is heighten in developed nations in comparison to women in developing countries, it is unfortunate that women are invariably left below, rarely reaching decision-making positions in S&T in Bangladesh. Keywords: bangladesh; gender; making; science; women

• Jahi McMath and the Ethics of the Brain Death Standard by Swazo, Norman K. (2015) - Accordingly, Dr. D. Alan Shewmon, Professor Emeritus of Neurology and Pediatrics (with board certifications in pediatrics, neurology, and electroencephalography and recently retired), from the David Geffen School of Medicine of the University of California at Los Angeles, submitted legal testimony on 03 October 2014 in support of the petition to reverse the judgment of brain death.2 Referencing “MRI/MRA studies, records, and reports, as well as viewing two videos of Jahi McMath moving her body parts (foot and arm) following her mother’s commands,” and also accounting for “discussions with Dr. Calixto Machado, a world renowned expert on brain death” and Dr. Philip DeFina, “a neuroscientist with the International Brain Research Foundation,” Dr. Shewmon has found sufficient reason to assert “unequivocally” that Jahi “does not [in October 2014] fulfill diagnostic criteria for brain death.” The court-appointed neurologist in this case concurred with the physicians of record that Jahi indeed met the State of California’s neurological criteria for the determination of brain death. Keywords: brain; case; death; jahi
• SCNT Method and the Application for Patent Eligibility on Cloned Animals by Swazo, Norman K. (2016) - In June 1997, following President Bill Clinton’s ban on federal funding that might support human cloning research, the US National Bioethics Advisory Commission recommended a moratorium on reproductive human cloning25. The judicial assessments in the USA, deliberating and deciding on the question of patenting of animal clones, provide important barriers to human reproductive cloning research. Keywords: case; cell; cloning; dna; genetic; matter; method; nature; organism; patent; scnt

• Male Circumcision in India: Some Considerations from the West by Garasic, Mirko Daniel (2013) - In this work, I will analyse why Indian authorities find it so difficult to publicly acknowledge the medical benefits of Male Circumcision (MC). In this work, I will analyse why Indian authorities find it so difficult to publicly acknowledge the medical benefits of MC. Keywords: authorities; circumcision; evidence; hiv; indian; journal; male; practice; way
• Editorial by Ahmed, Tahera (2015) - The article examines the ethical issues that may arise with regard to medical practice in low and middle income countries (LAMIC), and the challenges for medical regulatory bodies in upholding ethics in professional practice. (i) evidence base production, (ii) evidence synthesis, (iii) understanding of safety and harms issues, (iv) cost- effectiveness evaluation, (v) clinical practice guidelines formation, (vi) healthcare professional education, (vii) healthcare practice, (viii) healthcare consumer’s decisions. Keywords: journal; practice

• Ethical Justification of Involving Human Volunteers in Phase 1 Trials by Rafique, Zoheb (2017) - Some studies find, however that the individuals in some other types of research trials often participate in the hope of helping others (5). Most clinical research trials today require the informed consent. Keywords: benefit; phase-1; research; subjects; trials

• BBS News Vol.4(1) by Editor, The (2013) - BBS News Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 2013; 4(1):35 BBS News Prof Shamima Parvin Lasker, General Secretary of BBS has been elected as Vice President of Asian Bioethics Association for South Asian region. Congratulations to her from BBS on her achievement. Keywords: bbs
• News of BBS Vol.6(1) by Lasker, Shamima Parvin (2015) - Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 2015; 6(1):40 40 News of BBS Course on Guidelines for Ethical Research with Human Subjects: 2 weeks course on “Guidelines for Ethical Research with Human Subjects” was organized by BBS in March 2015. Members of BBS in Conferences in Abroad: Prof Shamima Parvin Lasker, General Secretary, BBS & Vice President for South Asia attended the Survey of Research Ethics Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand in March 2015 as a evaluator on behalf of FARCAP. Keywords: bbs; research
• BBS News Vol.7(1) by Lasker, Shamima Parvin (2016) - Duujian Tsai, RICD, Professor at Taipei Medical University, Twain. 6. Associate Professor of Philosophy and Bioethics. Keywords: bangladesh; bbs

• Therapeutic Contract and Ethical Practice in Counselling and Psychotherapy by Shahriah, Sunjida; Islam, Sunjida; Arafat, Khalid (2019) - There has been much debate among psychotherapists and counsellors alike around the utility of therapeutic contracts. This paper aims to discuss the necessity and ethical demand of therapeutic contract in counselling and psychotherapy practice. Keywords: client; contract; counselling; psychotherapy; therapeutic; therapist; treatment

• Transcending gender and sex: ethical implications for identities, ambiguities and interrelations by Adenugba, Oluwaseun Adeola (2012) - This was because transgender individual were afraid of being persecuted by law. Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 2012; 3(1):4-12 6 The above alarm of Karl Ulrichs shows that transgender individuals are just unfortunately caught in a wrong body. Keywords: female; gender; individual; intervention; principle; sex; surgery; transgender; transgenderism; transsexualism

• Islamic bioethics of pain medication: an effective response to mercy argument by Malik, Mohammad Manzoor (2012) - Pain medication is one of the responses to the mercy argument that utilitarian ethicists use for justifying active euthanasia on the grounds of prevention of cruelty and appeal to beneficence. The researcher reinforces the significance of pain medication in meeting this challenge and considers it the most preferred response among various other responses. Keywords: argument; death; effect; harm; islamic; issue; medication; pain; pain medication
• Organ Donation in an African Culture by Kunle, Ayinde Jamiu (2019) - It noted that apart from lack of awareness on organ donation, Africans traditionally would not be willing to donate their organs after death. This process is yet to be perfected and there are only a few successes recorded in using advanced medical research in solving the problem of organ donation. Keywords: belief; body; death; donation; organ

• Wild Fish and Expected Utility by Fischer, Bob (2017) - You reduce the number of fish in aquaculture, but you extend the lives of some portion of the billions (or trillions) of wild fish who would otherwise have been caught. First, we underestimate how much suffering occurs in the natural world: many fish suffer due to disease, injury, lack of food, pollution, and as a result of predation. Keywords: animal; fish; fishing; suffering; utility; wild

• Intellectual Property Rights by Ali, Shah Mohammad Kermat (2012) - Bangladesh is relatively new in the field of biotechnology research and development. In recognition of the importance of ensuring the safe application of biotechnology Bangladesh has developed Biosafety Guidelines as well as a Biosafety Framework. Keywords: biotechnology; research
• Bioethics in Biotechnology - Bangladesh perspective by Sarker, RH (2012) - Bangladesh is relatively new in the field of biotechnology research and development. In recognition of the importance of ensuring the safe application of biotechnology Bangladesh has developed Biosafety Guidelines as well as a Biosafety Framework. Keywords: biotechnology; research

• Peer Review system: A Systematic Review by Lasker, Shamima Parvin (2018) - COPE, 201713 Process of peer review: Peer review is a well- known professional practice in scholarly publication 15. Time requires for peer review: “Peer review and publication system are time-consuming process, frequently involving more than a year between submission and publication”2. Keywords: article; authors; editor; journal; peer; process; publication; review; reviewers; system

• Organizational Justice and Employee’s Service Behavior in the Healthcare Organizations in Bangladesh: An Agenda for Research by Nuruzzaman, Md.; Talukder, Humayun Kabir (2015) - Understanding the concept ‘employee service behaviour’: Several authors have taken the effort to define employee service behaviour (ESB)30 31 32. The need to promote employee service behaviour in healthcare organizations: Health human resources are engaged in providing life saving services and also reducing ailment of the patients10. Keywords: bangladesh; behaviour; citizenship; employee; healthcare; journal; justice; management; organizational; role; service; service behaviour; study; work

• Ethical and Policy Concerns pertaining to Rice Landraces in Asia by Gupta, Abhik (2012) - On-farm conservation of rice varieties has received the least attention from established rice germplasm conservation programmes, although its importance is recognized by all in principle. It is essential that the ethical principle of informed choice and not the paternalistic imposing of rice varieties by the agricultural scientists and policy-makers should govern rice cultivation in Asia. Keywords: bangladesh; conservation; farmers; food; india; landraces; rice; varieties

• Intellectual Property Right of Transgenic Crops and Right to Work: Bioethical Challenges in Rural Communities by Heydari, Bahareh; Razmkhah, Najmeh (2014) - In addition to the Covenant, the right to work as a concept of international human rights, has been emphasized in international instruments on human rights, such as Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. In the framework of international human rights, the right to work is the fundamental right of every one to have sustainable access to decent work that meets the needs and welfare of his livelihood. Keywords: article; communities; covenant; farmers; parties; right; seeds; states; work

• Biomedical Consideration in the Manufacture, Clinical Trial and Bioequivalence Studies of Pharmaceuticals by Faroque, ABM (2012) - Bangladesh is now capable of producing high quality pharmaceutical products. PHARMACEUTICAL SECTOR OF BANGLADESH: Keywords: bangladesh; companies; national; pharmaceutical

• Policy Brief: 20th Asian Bioethics Conference at Dhaka, Bangladesh by Talukder, Humaun Kabir; Shakoor, Md Abdus; Hossain, Arif; Monsoor, Taslima; Lasker, PhD, Shamima P (2020) - Policy Brief 01 Keywords: policy
• Editorial by Chakraborty, Rhyddhi (2020) - The first paper entitled Why Is Family-Oriented Organ Transplantation Policy and Practice Necessary for Bangladesh? by M.S. Siraj address that the in terms of the donation of organs for transplantation in the West, the notion of individual rights and freedom is compatible with secular culture and biomedical perspectives, but such biomedical policy and practise is comprised with the Muslim culture, socio-economic reality and biomedical perspective of Bangladesh. The second paper Policing Ethics: Context Bangladesh, authored by M.S. Adil, focuses on the need of ethics for policing actions in Bangladesh. Keywords: bangladesh; policy

• Ethical Implication of Genetic Gender Manipulation for Economic Recession by Monday, Osebor Ikechukwu; Esq, Stephen CC Chukwuma (2019) - The paper suggests genetic gender determination. Genetic gender determination is an agent-based ethics. Keywords: determination; gender; recession; september; sex; sperm

• Adverse Impacts of Unethical Anthropogenic Activities upon the Teknaf Peninsula Ecologically Critical Area, Cox’s Bazar by Ahmad, Saima (2020) - Five heavy metals like- Cadmium, Copper, Iron, Lead, and Zinc; and three physio-chemical parameters such as, the pH, Electrical Conductivity, and Temperature of sample soil were measured. Hence, the study selected the major point sources of pollution along the study area as the sample areas and collected soil samples from the most polluted soil of the sample areas. Keywords: area; average; bangladesh; coastal; concentration; coverage; ecosystem; journal; metal; sample; soil; study; vegetation; water
• Ethical Aspects of Sharing International River Water: The Case of Teesta River by Islam, Md Fakrul; Akmam, Wardatul (2012) - Riparian states must cooperate and be sympathetic for the cause of one another. Email: edtib@ti-bangladesh.org This paper is an attempt to examine the challenges to prevent erosion of ethics and integrity in public service in Bangladesh. Keywords: bangladesh; water

• Ethical Issues of Fair Subject Selection in the Research by Rahman, Sifat (2015) - Human subject research is reviewed and approved by an IRB using the following criteria: 1) risks to subjects must be minimized and reasonable in relation to anticipated benefits; 2) the selection of subjects must be equitable, with attention to the special problems of research involving vulnerable populations ; 3) additional safeguards must be included if the research involves vulnerable populations; 4) informed consent must be sought and appropriately documented if the risk is greater than minimal; 5) researchers must continually monitor the data collected to ensure safety of subjects ; and 6) the privacy of subjects must be maintained.5 Three Fundamental Ethical Principles3 1. Exclusion criteria are important in minimizing risks of research study. Keywords: research; selection; subject; vulnerable

• Editorial Vol.6(3) by Ahmed, Tahera (2015) - In this paper, the Author discusses the responsibilities of researchers and funders in low and middle income countries like Pakistan and the ethical justifications of doing research trials in developing countries. We bring this issue of BJB on different ethical practices and bring up related questions. Keywords: bangladesh; research; telemedicine

• Edirorial by Ahmed, Tahera (2018) - The paper by Abu Sadat Mohammad Nurunnabi, Miliva Mozaffor, Mohammad Akram Hossai and Sadia Akther Sony ,titled, “Mass Vaccination Programme: Public Health Success And Ethical Issues – Bangladesh Perspective” looks the ethical issues involved in mass vaccination programme and challenges in public health programmes in Bangladesh. This issue spans several topics of Bioethics beginning from complementary feeding patterns, ethical beliefs and vaccine, the regulatory documents related to pharmaceutical promotion in Bangladesh and Intimate Partner Violence. Keywords: authors; bangladesh

• Editorial Vol.5(1) by BanglaJOL, Administrator (2014) - By the end of the course participants take part in research for in-depth understanding of ethical issue in clinical research. An article mentions about the strategy for ethical research in Randomized Clinical trials (RCTs). Keywords: course; research

• BBS News Vol.5(1) by Editor, The (2014) - The programme was co-coordinated by Prof Rowshan Ara, Honorary Professor of Philosophy, Dhaka University and assisted by Prof Dr Noor E Parvin, Professor of Zoology, Dhaka College, Jobair Alam, Lecturer, Department of Law, Dhaka University and nd Luna Sharmin, Lecturer of Zoology, Dhaka College. Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 2014;5 (1):43 BBS NEWS BBS organized a day long training workshop on HUMAN RIGHTS EDUCATION FOR YOUTH LEADERSHIP on 31 st January 2014 at City Dental College, 1085/1 Malibagh Chowdhury Para, Dhaka to promote strong ethical values and morality among the young generation in their leadership and social life to lead the nation for upholding human rights for long term sustainability of the country. Keywords: dhaka

• Strikes and Doctors- psychosocial and ethical dilemmas by De Sousa, Avinash; Shrivastava, Shivanshu; Sonavane, Sushma; Shah, Nilesh (2015) - When Examining Strikes Involving Doctors:  Strikes among doctors differ immensely when the strike involves senior versus junior doctors. Introduction: Strikes involving medical doctors have been around since time immemorial. Keywords: doctors; medical; strike

• The Bangladesh Midwifery Programme – a giant step towards Safe Motherhood by Ahmed, Tahera (2015) - The National Strategic Directions for Midwifery in Bangladesh, 2014 has been printed and will be shared by Bangladesh Nursing (and Midwifery) Council and UNFPA. The updated National Strategic Directions for Midwifery in Bangladesh, 2014 is focusing on 4 Priority areas with strategic actions for each area. Keywords: bangladesh; midwifery

• BBS News by Lasker, Shamima (2017) - Prof Shamima Parvin Lasker, Professor & Head of Anatomy, MH Samorita Medical College, Dhaka – She is the 2nd PhD holder and 1st Female PhD from AUSN. Microsoft Word - BBS News Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 2017; 8(3):33 BBS News: Shamima Parvin Lasker, PhD (USA), MPH (USA), EMMB (Europe), MPhil (BD), MSc (BD) Professor & Head of Anatomy, MH Samorita Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh Visiting Professor of Clinical Anatomy & Bioethics, American University of Sovereign Nation, USA. Keywords: usa

• Invitation for 20th Asian Bioethics Conference at Dhaka by Lasker, Shamima Parvin (2019) - Dr Uttam Kumar Das, Director, Social Science Research Council, Planning Division 11.00 -11.15 : Morning Refreshment Dear Sir/Madam You are cordially invited to attend the inaugural session of 20th Asian Bioethics conference organized by Bangladesh Bioethics Society in cooperation with SSRC, Planing Division; PMR, DGHS, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, BMRC, ABA and Eubios Ethics Institute on Friday, 22 Nov, 2019 at NEC Auditorium, Planning Ministry, Agargoan, Dhaka. Progress of BBS : Prof Shamima Parvin Lasker, Secretary General, Bangladesh Bioethics Society & Vice President, ABA Address from ABA : Prof Darryl Macer, Secretary, Asian Bioethics Association. Keywords: ministry; planning

• Editorial Vol.2(1) by Ara, Rowshan (2012) - Massive killing in road accident recently awakened the people in all strata of life. According to the world health organization four thousand persons are killed every year in the country due to road accident. Keywords: drivers; road

• Ethical Poems by Osman, Yeafesh (2012) - I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ gš¿Yvjq evsjv‡`k mwPevjq, XvKv, বাংলােদশ (Architect Yeafesh Osman, Honorable State Minister, Ministry of Science and Information & Communication Technology, Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh). kvb kIKZ †fvMwejvm hLb cÖej Uv‡b Av`k© hvq gvwbe¨v‡M bxwZ Kei ’̄v‡b|| (Too much luxury and comfort, replaces idealism by money, morality goes to the grave.) Keywords: imgvb; ¯’cwz

Epilogue

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Created: 2025-12-23