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Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 2015; 6(2):26-37 

Human Rights: Illusion or Reality; Theological (Shiite) Perspective  

Ali Jamkarani  

Undergraduate Student,  

Department of Human Rights, Etrat University, Iran 

Email: ali.agigh@gmail.com, ONLINE1JOURNAL@gmail.com 

 

ABSTRACT: The discussion is based around these issues, history of Human Rights, timeline for Human Rights 

history, question asked in this regard and enemy and friend of „human rights‟. Describing the problems and its resolve 

from logical reasoning perspective; intellectual argumentation based on logical reason of, what is universal human 

right, democracy and illegal wars in the world by super powers as example America? Attempt to describe the inner 

construction of a human being-perfection-. Introduction to the concept of infallibility in different parts in the article, 

purify yourself and being purified. What is it, is it possible for a creation named human to be not fallible, is the idea or 

practicing it impossible or there is a great sphere of being able to practicing it and reaching the status if one finds 

guidance for the right way with peace and human rights prevailed in the world. Majority of the thought in the text, 

based on hadith-tradition- from the Prophet of Islam Peace upon Him and His family Ahl al-Bait Peace upon Them. 

Key words: human right; corruptions; infallibility; spirituality; psychology, fitra-core of human being, democracy; 

intellect; ignorance; senses; illegal wars  

*** Part 1 of this article was published in BJB 2015; Vol 6 Issue 1. 

Part 2 

DEMOCRACY: When human rights issues become many and a land want to implement it, democracy is born, but 

what kind of democracy, a deception! What is democracy? Does it allow in the name of human rights conventions do 

illegal wars as in Afghanistan and Iraq with Libya, Syria and Somalia recently with excuses and using of the tongue? 

One can refer to the book by Cynthia McKinney, a former African-American Congresswoman with title: „The illegal 

war on Libya‟ and steal a vision of how serious these wars are and costly for human perfection in favor of 

continuation of separation in disunity and deficiencies. The history is to learn, a history we can mention here that is 

important and necessary that makes the masses in control of world powers as American soil, English soil, Saudi soil 

and United Nations. A story that many have heard in different version, but in all versions, one can find this piece of 

ignorant-art that is lying and promising; to secure the lie to happen. If we take the Islamist version of the story of 

Adam and Eve that is Satan lie to them with a promise that he is a well wiser, the same is happening every time it is 

ballot time and every moment by the old super powers in their soil. 

The nine eleven, do not know what, attack, plane crash or game and the holocaust event, why no magazines are 

publishing, if the events are true with evidence and reviewing history. If gas chambers existed or not, if it was there, 

was it used to take the people of Zionism ideology in it or Jewish people, the people of God or no people at all. 

Surprised often in history the killing of Hitler, mentioned, but not Stalin that killed more people than Hitler, more than 

double, can it be because Russia was in the winning side with other super powers at that time, and rewrote history 

blaming everything on political figure as Hitler.  

Is such a group as Zionism in existence on earth posing to be Jewish people of Intellect and faith? Does a group 

Wahhabism-Salafism- exist today on earth, posing to be Islamists, in outer appearance, the people of love in the 

faith? Are such people in earth that are misusing the Prophet Jesus Peace upon Him teachings and posing as a 

replacement as the people of devotion in faith. How long will it take to make right the lies and promises made? 

It depends, one of the strongest reason can be on media, how media picture it, for example as fast something 

happens in Muslim world specially in Iran, for example if somebody going to die because of a crime, they make it like, 

mailto:ali.agigh@gmail.com
mailto:ONLINE1JOURNAL@gmail.com


 27 

the Islamic law is the evil while 3 to 4 dozens from execution with electric chair and other methods only in USA says 

bye, and it do not get media coverage and becomes big dragon. If Israel does a lot of atrocities against Palestinians 

or Bahrain government kill its citizens for trying to have human rights it‟s like nothing shows in media. Israel, a little 

force has nukes reaching Europe and „US‟ but United Nations do not take hard on them to not have nukes while 

pressuring Iran that got recently the technology to use for peace and make the countries welfare go well. Thus, this 

picture is good to see Who Runs the World. Maybe if we see wahabi and salafi in the name of Islam commits 

atrocities as independent while we should look deeper maybe it‟s only a body we see, while its soul the world powers 

specially Israel the inner cause of every extreme occasion.  

Salafi and wahabi need women so they declared jihad, what rubbish, but wondering why didn't they declare anything 

that would satisfy their need for money or weapons or position, because all this was undercover, they don't need it, 

they have it. Zionism has position in US and Europe and Saudis with stupid Arabian countries have money to support 

them only women remind and they declared Jihad Nikah. There is not such a thing in ISLAM, it‟s so stupid, they don't 

follow Islam but they follow who supports them and their own desires. And not to forget UK that is political support for 

wahabi and salafi movements around the globe, the root cause of their growth. Wasn‟t Britain the root cause for Israel 

being where it is today in occupied Palestine! Have you already forgotten the UK fighter jets bombing Yemen! 

Israel is maybe a state as other commentators already put some words of Israeli injustice towards international law, 

especially the issue of building illegally in occupied land. Israel has Zionist ideology in Jewish religion, so they have 

nothing to do with Judaism or Jewish people, the government at least if not all Jewish people in the land have Zionist 

ideology or don‟t know what is going on. The same way wahabi and salafi ideology is present in the name of Islam. 

They say they are Muslim, and „do things‟ like Muslims, but their mind is poison with salafi and wahabi ideology and 

not the Islamic teachings. The same thing with the government of Israel, they are following special goal. Why not the 

wahabi and salafi if they are doing jihad, attack Israel and why not Israel help US to attack salafi and wahabi in Iraq 

and Syria if they are honest, because they are friend with one goal. They oppress women and children. In the 

Prophet Mohammad's Peace upon Him will, when He passed in this world to another journey, He said; mind, take 

care of women and children, one of His last words. One of their fears are public awareness, and not losing money or 

honor, and this ISSUE going to court paves the way for media around the world to write about it. This little paragraph 

refers to the fear of Israel to decline the invitation of the International Criminal Court (ICC).They have pride of the 

devil engraved in their mind! They don't think maybe we are wrong; we should go to the court and see what they have 

to say against us.  As said the main thing is the ignorance of people in societies, they don't want the veil of ignorance 

in the mind of people to tear apart and see the reality of the world of politics and governance of super powers 

misusing the word democracy, and „act‟ the way of democracy but no democracy ideology in their heart/mind without 

capitalism and secular atmosphere occupies it. Same as zionist and wahabi and salafi misusing great human 

concepts in the world, the super powers misusing Universal Human Rights and democracy concepts to work together 

with zionist and wahabi and salafi. 

The illegal/dishonest war, in sense of action, wordings and feelings, done by United states of America against 

countries as Afghanistan, Iraq, Libya, Syria, Somalia and ISLAMIC REPUBLIC is either theoretical or practical or 

both, in both direct and indirect sides: exist by means, tools and helpers. The theoretical side has direct and indirect 

to it as do the practical. Corruptive people with corruptive ideas spread the above mentioned corruptions in this article 

both theoretically and practically. If directly theoretical and practical by means and tools cannot spread their 

corruption, they do it indirectly. Their tool can be the greatest vices and goes even greatest values as such „human 

rights conventions‟ in the world in their list of means, by a deception of democracy as a lie to advance their way in 

destroying human sensitiveness, the core/essence of human being, spiritually and psychologically.  

Then again, the question; what is democracy that is, based on human rights or the “Universal Human Rights”? Great 

scholar Ayatollah Abdollah Javadi Amoli describes it beautifully and clearly, in a speech, the translation follows down. 

The Prerequisites of a Universal Morality: Why Western Conception of Human Rights is not universal- Ayatollah 

Abdollah Javadi Amoli  

UNIVERSAL HUMAN RIGHTS: “Globalization”, in theory is a good thing. Having unity of thought and having popular 

unity [is a good thing], being united -being one- is a good thing, but what can act as a catalyst for [this] unity? The 

market, are the rich and the poor equally endowed in this regard to integrate with one another -on this basis-? 

http://www.informationisbeautiful.net/visualizations/who-runs-the-world/


 28 

Politics; the many norms, conventions, traditions, and customs [which exist among humans]? Can they [forge this 

unity]? 

Today, they claim that this [idea of] „human rights‟ is universal. However, you see, this claim has no basis in 

knowledge [intellect]! What needs to be, said is this: [The delineation of] right just as with [the delineation of Islamic] 

jurisprudential laws – has three stages. This is the case for all legal systems in the world. The legislative, 

jurisprudential, and judicial laws [in any society], are derived from [specific] principles. These principles are, derived 

from [specific] sources. [Thus] we have a source, a principle [derived from this source] and a law [derived from this 

principle].  

The Islamic Council Majlis [Iranian parliament] does just this. Everywhere in the world, it is the same. All countries 

have a constitution, which espouses specific principles, and from these principles, they have laws approved by the 

legislature, which they use to govern the country. The laws passed by the legislature reference the constitution as 

their source of legitimacy. However this constitution has to come from somewhere! 

Now let us address [the question of] that source. Any legal system must have a hierarchy of three elements: A 

source, a [set of] principles [and] drafted laws. A faqih - jurisprudent does this very job, does he not? A faqih who 

espouses jurisprudential laws in the form of a practical treatise, he derives these [laws] from principles. In addition, 

these principles are, derived from a source. Our sources are aql -intellect- and naql -reference-; our reference is [to] 

the Book -the Quran- and the sunnah -tradition [of the Prophet-S- and Ahl al-Bait-A-]. Our source is clear, our [set of] 

principles are clear, our articles of law are clear. In addition, they have theirs as well. They have a source, which [the 

articles of] their constitution is derived from, and they have civil laws which their parliament sets in place in 

accordance with the constitution. 

The axis of our argument is that in order for a legal system to be universal, [in order for a set of] rights to be universal, 

the [original] source must be universal. Universal principles [must be] derived from a universal source, and [only] from 

these universal principles [can] universal laws be implemented. Otherwise, if the source is regional or local, the 

principles will also be regional or local, and the [resulting] laws will be [bound to that particular] region or locality. So 

how can [such a legal system] be called global!?  

What is, the thing which they call, a universal source? Their source of law is the norms, conventions, traditions, 

customs, and the national and popular culture native to their homeland. Well, the world is home to a variety of 

different regions, races, languages, epochs, and nationalities. Each one of these contexts has a specific source [of 

principles] for itself. Moreover, these are useful for the implementation of domestic laws. The norms, conventions, 

and traditions which are accepted by default in a society, can be a source for the [derivation of the aforementioned] 

series of principles. This series of principles can be the basis for a series of laws. With these, the country is, 

governed. However, if these laws are supposed to be universal, a universal source is, needed to derive them. A 

universal source is neither bound to the epoch nor [to] the land. Which culture, which language, which territory, which 

tradition, which creed? Such a system cannot be universal! The universal source must, be extracted from the inner 

humanity of man, which [in] this [all people] are the same.  

The 6-7 billion people who inhabit the earth are all equal in humanity. Their skin color, their norms, their conventions, 

and their traditions… differ. Nevertheless, their fitra -core human nature- is one. If we use this fitra as our source, and 

skillfully formulate principles rooted from this source, and if we discerningly with wisdom, extract laws from these 

principles, the result of this process could be termed „universal human rights‟ 
6 

. 

DESCRIPTION OF INNER BIO OF THE HUMAN BEING: Chest is protecting the heart; the head is protecting the 

brain. No worldly senses have connection to the heart directly, but indirectly through first having connection to brain. 

How can the connection be? Every sense has a location in the brain that gets enlightened when active, in different 

parts of the brain. When we see a red rose, the image information of that red rose through eyes go to the brain where 

vision is located and smelling the same, touching the same to their respective locations in the brain, but from there 

where does it go. The „memory‟ is it the answer! We can see the image if we close our eyes and remember it, the 

same with smell and touch. Can it go somewhere non-physical-metaphysical-, maybe? Is physical-material world- 

inside the non-physical-celestial world-? Can it be the opposite! Can here be where physical connects with non-



 29 

physical or meets and boundaries dragged or they both are into each other. Let us present this inception and spend 

reflection on it. Can we believe that mind exist or not? Let us say inside the brain is mind, because of existence of 

physical brain the non-physical brain mind have capability to manifest it-self through it.  

The same way the soul with spirit manifest itself through body, and gets worth otherwise if eyes could with help of 

brain see, than there is human beings that have both but don‟t see physical object because of death. Death means 

moving of the spirit with milder version of us the soul of us, -but with same way of life, ethical characteristics and 

properties that one earned through having different beliefs and following certain principles, living in earth- moves to 

purgatory until Resurrection day.  

This mind if define could be the brain of the spirit of human being. Remember I did not said soul, why does it matter! 

It is through this that the non-physical heart of the spirit as in Persian „del‟ in English as good translated „devotion‟ 

gets, affected by all senses and lastly affects the physical heart. These two important organs has two metaphysical 

sides, but what components, concepts are inside devotion and mind, do an image just come from natural world to 

sense perception than inside mind and then devotion and heart, for what, why! We have discussed and put some 

words forward of how it happens, where and when can one figure out by oneself every moment in that place for that 

moment.  

However, all these senses active in one, only one moment, what can it do. It can change the properties as, focus and 

concentration in mind, feeling and emotion in devotion, for a corrupt cause or righteous cause. Alternatively, decline a 

corrupt cause and accept a righteous cause. What is in the mind that holds focus and concentrations respectively in 

the devotion-del- of the spirit that holds feelings and emotions? Can it be in the mind, soul and in the devotion, fitra? 

The form of your body holds all organs together, everything is in its right place; note the same way spirit holds all your 

non-physical  organs; properties, function, characteristics and all that: is called nafs. Your physical body is called 

human, s/he is human, why people say like that because they see the physical form of the body and call it human, 

whereas Islamist believe it has a reality-the body- called nafs. It must be also in good shape like the body, and animal 

part or any part of the creation that do not resemble your physical body, is not present in nafs than its called „Spirit‟ of 

human or perfect human being. Sinning makes the soul weak and change its shape differently based on action, word 

and state of the heart. In mystic of Islamist Shia sect that are also Sunnis following the action, tradition and signature 

of the Holy Prophet Peace upon Him & His Family from the time of the Prophet-S- with Imam Ali Peace upon Him as 

their leader chosen by The Lord of the creation, there is famous narrations that example if one backbite, it is like one 

eat the meat of the backbiter, the reality of those moments one do sin of backbiting another individual in a family or 

society is thus eating the meat of the same human being with the milder version of yourself the nafs-soul-.  

Nafs is somehow you, when we say you what do we mean, how do you recognize somebody… by face, you 

remember its face, face is like a summary of you, who you are, by it people recognize all your body; all your body 

goes under a „category‟ called the face,  nafs is like that. Another way to reflect upon it, nafs is a system with 

structure and law and order, red lines, limits, but note-the spirit has not limit in sense of nearness to Allah, it is not 

what I mean by limit-, function, properties, characteristic, works, and all holds together through Spirit-Ruh-.  

We should not be bold for this example and let us say maybe it is like this, must read many hadith-tradition- of  

Prophet Mohammad Peace upon Him and His Household Ahl al-Bait Peace upon Them- to see, if this way of 

explanation is right or not. If it is right do it make sense, if yes, is it foolproof, or does it have error somewhere, that 

means there is room for betterment of the explanation and it is not from an infallible source so at least must make it 

foolproof; state of the art human intellection.  

You have probably heard saying: human have three or two dimensions and explained through body mind spirit or 

body mind soul, or body mind heart, but one should update make it in a way so it makes more sense. Your physical 

existence is called a body; it has outer and inner, its outer is your shape, form, senses, skin these kind of thing, and 

its inner is all organs, skeleton, blood and so on. The non-physical existence-note here one do not say spirit, nafs, or 

fitra without using in metaphysical sense word non-physical, of you have also an outer and inner, its outer is called 

spirit and its inner is called nafs. Thus, Spirit is outside and around your soul, around your body and not inside your 

soul or your heart. 



 30 

Heart of the spirit is devotion or in farsi-del- source from where emotion and feeling arrives and you feel it in your 

physical heart, that harbor/manifest feelings and emotion itself through existence of your physical heart to the body 

and world of matter. Brain of the spirit we can call „zehn‟ in Arabic, that its equivalent is mind.  

In mind can be soul-nafs, the psyche of human being- and intellect with its opposite ignorance. In devotion, there can 

be located core-fitra, inner instincts, pure human nature- and softness with its opposite cruelty of the heart.  

Are there two wars in these two realms or cities called mind and devotion? Are the realms in connection through 

focus and concentration from the minds side and feeling and emotion from the devotions side? The war, conflict is not 

over the mind or devotion, it is about what it contains or what is located in there, fight is about that, fight is about soul, 

main location head, brain, mind, and fight in inside devotion is about the fitra, with main location in chest, heart, and 

devotion. 

Ignorance affects the soul in favor of corruptors and corruption, and intellect affects the soul in favor of righteousness 

and right doers; Softness affects the fitra to grow in favor of soul, cruelty affects the fitra to stop on way of perfection 

as human being and later die in favor of soul and buried either death or alive in the soil of devotion.  

A word comes to your mind through seeing with your eyes and using sense perception, in the mind there is the thing 

called nafs-soul, psyche- that word affects it, through being a tool, sustenance to ignorance or sustenance, a tool for 

intellect, if it is good for intellect, the nafs remains in control of intellect. That in turn guides the soul to perfection 

better than angels, but alas to imperfection worst than animal.  

Intellect and ignorance are fighting for the dominance, taking over of the soul of human being in the head and the 

devil is only a catalyst-a whisperer, do not force you to do anything- that helps the ignorance and make trouble for 

intellect.  

When this soul, this milder you getting guided by intellect in turn the softness of your heart increases and its cruelty 

decreases and your core, essence, inner instincts-fitra- gets alive and starts to grow like a flower, that needs 

sustenance, the only provider is the soul or right said the intellect through this process.  

In the chest of a human being is a heart with feeling and emotion in various hues, this heart has devotion of two kinds 

either negative for the heart that is hardheartedness, cruelty, or positive softheartedness , compassion. These two, 

like intellect and ignorance affect the fitra a more delicate substance than soul. Its existence-essence- is based on 

goodness and light that needs to grow in good environment and taken care of, not  as its „opposite‟ the soul that‟s 

existence-essence- is going after corruption and must be always held under guard by the intellects power and 

accountable for everything it does.   

Here we quote again, the great master Aya. Abdollah Javadi Amoli that posed a question as “why are there Men 

possessed of knowledge who fail to take action”, and replied: 

“Why do we have Men possessed of knowledge who fail to take action? How is it possible for one to read the verse 

« ل َن ْل َن اِم ِم ْلل یْل ل یُق ُّض ول ِم  and teach it in the class and (Say to the believing men that they cast down their looks) « ُق ل ِّلِم ْل ُق ْل ِم ِم یَن

then refrain from looking at non-mahrams. While we know that it is religiously unlawful to be «ل ِم لُّض ْل ِمل  devourers) « َن   ُق یَن

of what is forbidden), and that bribery is forbidden, why being dirty-handed at times? It is not true that all Men 

possessed of knowledge are Men of deeds and action. There are instances both in seminaries and in universities. 

How is for Man with all his knowledge to fail to take action? Still, you may see many people and read for them the 

very same thing and the very verse; and yet they do not abandon their errors. Such a Man has no problem in his 

knowledge, he has even taught such words. The problem lies somewhere else. The “somewhere” has to be known 

(first), and cured (second). To know One who carries out acts of decision making, controlling, management, handling 

and performing, such a one has to be known separately. Before we come to know Him separately, let us give an 

example in the outer space so that to clarify a bit until we reach the inner space wherein we will see how some 

people, both in seminaries and universities, can be possessed of knowledge yet fail to act accordingly. 



 31 

In the space outside us, certain forces undertake the act of perception; such are the eyes and the ears. No one 

expects the eyes to run; they are expected to see and perceive. Ears are not expected to attract and repel; they are 

to hear and perceive. Such perceptions are for hearing and listening. But running and jumping are for hands and feet. 

So, from the outer perspective, there are a set of forces which perceive and a set of forces which take action. A group 

of them become percipient and another moving agent.  

Man is of four types by the outer forces: some are with stronger perception; i.e. their sense of vision and hearing is 

sharp; they see well and hear well; their hands and feet are also healthy. When they see snakes and scorpions, they 

perceive well and escape. These are men possessed of knowledge and action both; that is to say, their practical 

element works well and their feet are not crippled. 

The second group is those whose perception is sharp yet whose hands and feet are crippled. They see snakes and 

scorpions yet they do not move. Even if they are poisoned, if they are asked whether or not they have seen the snake 

or the scorpion?! They will reply: yes, we did. Eyes and ears cannot escape, can they? Right, they had seen them 

completely, yet that part which has to move and help them escape is disabled. Now it becomes clear what is wrong in 

a man possessed of knowledge without action. 

The third group is those whose hands and feet are free yet whose eyes and ears are closed; such are the ignorant 

people who can run well but don‟t know where to go. They can make the proper use of their heads, but they don‟t 

know how to use it. Such an individual has strong hands and feet and head, yet cannot understand how and where to 

use them. 

The fourth group is those whose eyes and ears are closed and whose hands and feet are crippled as well. The above 

were the four physical-perception types. Let us go to the tenor of the debate and the true content of our simile. Within 

us there are a set of forces relating to perception and comprehension known as theoretical wisdom. Intellect, doing 

research, imagination and confirmation are for this purpose. There are a set of forces which are totally separate from 

the part of cognition and which control the motivations. These are administrators of motivations; they possess wills, 

sincerity, intention, decision, ruling and command. These are at two completely separate levels.  

A person the two parts of whom are strong, i.e. one who perceives well and decides well will be a just knower.  

Second is one whose knowledge base is strong, one who teaches, delivers lectures, but in practice there is no 

difference for him what to do, and whether to receive bribery for instance or not; such a one is paralyzed in his 

practical wisdom whereby he is to make his will and take a decision. No need to recite for him verses of the Quran; 

he has no problem with verses and has no theoretical deficiencies. He is similar to an individual who has healthy 

eyes and ears but who cannot move as a result of his crippled feet. If he is repeatedly asked whether or not he had 

seen the snake coming toward him, he would reply: yes, I did. He did see the snake but eyes cannot escape. Such a 

knowledge knower or such a clergy has crippled hands and feet. When Imam Ali (peace be upon him) said in his 

illuminating words «ل یلعقٍ لول ٍالت  ل  یلو  ا  » (Many a wisdom captive under the command of caprice). He meant that 

in the battlefield of the Greater Jihad (jihad with the lower self), the decision center is made captive. Satan captures 

the center for their volition, management and decision making and fastens them with chain. 

The third group is those whose hearts‟ hands and feet are free, those who can act well; they are also free to will, but 

they don‟t know what they are doing; such are the holy fools. May God bless our master the late scholar Allameh 

Tabataba‟i. He used to quote a narration as follows: before Aqa Sheikh Abass wrote Mafatih al-Jinan -The Keys to 

the Gardens of Paradise-, Zad al-Ma‟ad -Provisions of the Hereafter- of Marhum Majlisi , May God blesses him, was 

popular. Majlisi‟s Zad al-Ma‟ad includes religious acts and ceremonies for twelve months of the year. According to 

him, some holy fools would rehearse a complete recital of Zad al-Ma‟ad during the holy month of Ramadan. They 

thought the book was like the Quran. Zad al-Ma‟ad is on the acts specific to special times all through the year and is 

not for the month of Ramadan alone. Such a one does not know and does not understand what he should do; he is, 

thus, active, yet of little understanding. 

The fourth group is the profligate ignorant who cannot distinguish what to do and in case he understands, he does not 

intend to act upon it 
7
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CONCLUSION: The possibility to be infallible human being is greater than „Universal human rights‟ because the 

universal human rights must be taken from the essence of human firstly before the means of perfection for a human 

being arises both psychologically, physically and spiritually as an individual alone, in society and universally. A 

perfect human being establishes a state, an intellectual democratic state in the whole earth and not as now ignorant 

democratic state.  

The soul, psyche, ego or nafs is there to protect the essence of being a human in creation-nature- and not something 

else by control of the intellect over the soul. In this way, the core can flourish and develop natural human instincts.  In 

turn, the development of fitra helps in training the personality and character of the soul-the human being- and the 

intellect success in having more power and dominance in the mind and over the negative attributes of the soul and 

promoting the attributes that develop from the fitra.  

As in the second citation: Aya. Abdollah Javadi Amoli mentions the four states of individuals or rather we can expand 

it to four states of families, or four states of societies or four states of countries and so on. The important is that even 

if one can‟t run from danger because one‟s hand and feet are chained in the soil, one must cure one‟s eyes to be able 

to see how one is chained in this so called democratic states, in societies and families and lastly individually, to be 

able to find a solution through knowledge, intellectual knowledge not ignorant knowledge, to solve the puzzle and free 

oneself from captivity. With eyes, with senses you learn knowledge, and if these are blind, maybe Allah has locked 

your heart and it is more difficult to reach and fly towards perfection than limps in captivity. And if your limps are 

crippled maybe its cause are either you or others and you need to see and perceive the situation to reach perfection 

and this is easier than eyes being blind. 

There is one common disease in the world, that one should know why, what for is this disease in existence, what is 

this disease, where is it in existence, when did this disease take place and how to cure it. This disease is that Islam is 

not known in the world. Imam Khomeini Peace upon Him did send a letter to the soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev 

in that time introducing ISLAM and calling for unity, and now Aya. Sayyid Khamenei may Allah prolong his life in this 

world send a letter to the whole youth in Europe and AMERICA to know Islam from its source Holy Quran and Etrat – 

the family of the Prophet Peace upon Him and His Household. The difference is that Gorbachev was one and old and 

European and American youth that are not Muslims, May Allah bless them are many in Europe and America and they 

are not old like Gorbachev that disappointed the dear Imam Khomeini Peace and Blessing upon Him in abundant.   

 

REFERENCES: 

 http://www.al-islam.org/shiite-encyclopedia-ahlul-bayt-dilp-team: Infallibility of the Prophets Part 1  Part 2  Part 3, 

Leadership and Infallibility Part 1  Part 2, The Twelve Imams Part 1  Part 2, The Holy Qur‟an and the Pure Imams 

2 See bibliography for study material, for purpose of Adl-Justice of God-! 

3 “Description on the armies of intelligence and ignorance (jonud aqle va jahle) -by imam khomeini peace upon him.-: 

This is a valuable book by the Imam on Ethics. The Religious (Kalami) and Ethical opinions and Mysticism of the 

Imam are more clearly opened in this book and, like his book "the Description on Forty Narratives", more layers (of 

people) can benefit by it. Currently, the Research Section of the Institute (Qum Branch) is editing the explanatory 

footnotes and preparing the related lists and other research works, which it will publish, in two volumes of over 800 

pages.” 

Source: http://www.imam-khomeini.com/web1/english/showitem.aspx?cid=1662&h=13&f=14&pid=1794 

4 Exegesis-tafsir namonah-, Aya. Makarem, English version, verse 40 chapter 15 

5 [Nahj al-Balagha, Saying 32; Scales of Wisdom chapter corruption]  

6 Translation by shiatranslate 

http://en.imam-khomeini.ir/en/c5_3153/Book/English/A_Call_to_Divine_Unity
http://farsi.khamenei.ir/ndata/news/28731/index.html#en
http://www.al-islam.org/shiite-encyclopedia-ahlul-bayt-dilp-team
http://www.al-islam.org/shiite-encyclopedia-ahlul-bayt-dilp-team/infallibility-prophets-part-1
http://www.al-islam.org/shiite-encyclopedia-ahlul-bayt-dilp-team/infallibility-prophets-part-2
http://www.al-islam.org/shiite-encyclopedia-ahlul-bayt-dilp-team/infallibility-prophets-part-3
http://www.al-islam.org/shiite-encyclopedia-ahlul-bayt-dilp-team/leadership-and-infallibility-part-1
http://www.al-islam.org/shiite-encyclopedia-ahlul-bayt-dilp-team/leadership-and-infallibility-part-2
http://www.al-islam.org/shiite-encyclopedia-ahlul-bayt-dilp-team/twelve-imams-part-1
http://www.al-islam.org/shiite-encyclopedia-ahlul-bayt-dilp-team/twelve-imams-part-2
http://www.al-islam.org/shiite-encyclopedia-ahlul-bayt-dilp-team/holy-quran-and-pure-imams
http://www.imam-khomeini.com/web1/english/showitem.aspx?cid=1662&h=13&f=14&pid=1794


 33 

7 http://www.portal.esra.ir/Pages/Index.aspx?kind=1&lang=en&id=MTcxMQ%3d%3d-

ZbYTGAPUo%2fU%3d&skinid=69 

 

Bibliography:  

1. Human Rights resources: 

Risalatul Huquq - A Seventh Century Islamic Document on various Legal and Moral Rights of Human Beings. The 

English translation was done from the original Arabic from Shayakh al-Harrani‟s book -4
th

 century of Hijra-. - 

http://www.al-islam.org/treatise-rights-risalat-al-huquq-imam-zain-ul-abideen 

Islam, the west and human rights, a collection of articles - http://en.imam-

khomeini.ir/en/c5_7813/Book/English/Islam_West_and_the_Human_Rights 

Islam, Humanity and Human Values Sayyid Musa Sadr Message of Thaqalayn Winter 2011, Vol. 11, No. 4 

HUMAN RIGHTS - A STUDY OF THE UNIVERSLA AND THE ISLAMIC DECLARATIONS OF HUMAN RIGHTS BY 

MUHAMMAD ALI TASKHIRI - http://www.al-islam.org/human-rights-ayatullah-muhammad-ali-tashkiri 

Woman And Her Rights In Islam A translation of „Nizam-e Hoqouq-e Zan dar Islam‟ Ayatolah Morteza Motahari 

Translated by M. A. Ansari Also see: http://www.al-islam.org/rights-women-islam-ayatullah-murtadha-mutahhari  

The Source of Rights - philosophical discussion on the origin of rights & and that its source is the will of Allah. 

Ayatollah Misbah Yazdi - http://www.mesbahyazdi.org/english/?writen/articales/articales01.htm 

Islamic Views On Human Rights - Viewpoints of Iranian Scholars -, - http://www.amazon.ca/Islamic-Views-Human-

Rights-Viewpoints/dp/8173915180 

The rights of prisoners according to Islamic teachings by Muhammad Shirazi Translated by Z. Olyabek 

2. Hadith Chapters from book „Scales of Wisdom‟ by Aya. Reyshahri 

The Heart - hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=244 

 

Intellect and some of its armies: 

The Intellect al-Aql - hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=231 

The Good al-Kayr - http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=261 

The Knowledge al-Ilm - hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=213 

The Inner Knowledge al-Marifah - hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=226 

Inner Knowledge of Allah Marifatu-llah - hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=227 

The Vitality al-Afiya - hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=20 

The Thinking at-Tafakkor - hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=31 

The Love al-Mahabbah - hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=207 

The Wisdom al-Hikmah - hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=8 

The Sincerity al-Ikhlas - http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=61 

The Asceticism az-Zohd - http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=393 

The Clemency al-Hilm - http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=334 

The Conjecture al-Zann - http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=344 

The Concealment al-Kitman - http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=340 

The Courage ash-Shjaia - http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=349 

http://www.portal.esra.ir/Pages/Index.aspx?kind=1&lang=en&id=MTcxMQ%3d%3d-ZbYTGAPUo%2fU%3d&skinid=69
http://www.portal.esra.ir/Pages/Index.aspx?kind=1&lang=en&id=MTcxMQ%3d%3d-ZbYTGAPUo%2fU%3d&skinid=69
http://hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=244
http://hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=231
http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=261
http://hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=213
http://hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=226
http://hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=227
http://hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=20
http://hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=31
http://hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=207
http://hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=8
http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=61
http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=393
http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=334
http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=344
http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=340
http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=349


 34 

The Contentment al-Qanaia - http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=346 

The Fairness al-Insaf - http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=275 

The Generosity as-Sakha - http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=258 

The Humility al-Khushu - http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=253 

The Humbleness at-Tawazu- http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=252 

The Hope ar-Raja - http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=249 

The Happiness as-Sorur - hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=241 

Ignorance and some of its armies: 

The Ignorance al-Jahl - hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=222 

The Evil ash-Shar - http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=300 

The Wasting al-Esraf - hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=5 

The Idleness al-Farakh - www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=221 

The Desire al-Hawa - http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=312 

The Amusement al-Lahw - http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=386 

The Anger al-Khazab - http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=388 

The Arrogance al-Kebr - http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=392 

The Betrayal al-Kiyanah - http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=360 

The Covetousness al-Hirs - http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=351 

The Cowardice al-Jobn - http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=352 

The Delusion al-Kohror - http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=310 

The Desertion al-Hijran - http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=311 

The Doubt ash-Shak - http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=323 

The Despair al-yaas - http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=327 

The Enmity al-Adawa - http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=299 

The Exhortation al-Maweza - http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=302 

The Falsehood al-Batil - http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=277 

The Foolishness al-Homq - http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=285 

The Gallantry al-Moruwwa - http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=256 

The Hypocrisy an-Nifaq - http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=254 

The Haste al-Ajala - http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=243 

The Greed at-Tamhe - http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=271 

The Fear al-Khawf - http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=281 

Disbelief - http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=316 

Enemy of Human Rights: 

Music - http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=190 

Intoxication - http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=235 

Fornication - http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=286 

Poetry - http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=154 

Bribery - http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=363 

Alcohol - http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=378  

Corruption - http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=347 

Status of Human being: 

Angels - http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=387 

Animals - http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=389 

Spirit - http://hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=69 

 

General: 

Allah - http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=379 

The Names of Allah - hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=174 

http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=346
http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=275
http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=258
http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=253
http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=252
http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=249
http://hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=241
http://hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=222
http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=300
http://hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=5
http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=221
http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=312
http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=386
http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=388
http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=392
http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=360
http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=351
http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=352
http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=310
http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=311
http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=323
http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=327
http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=299
http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=302
http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=277
http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=285
http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=256
http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=254
http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=243
http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=271
http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=281
http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=316
http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=190
http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=235
http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=286
http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=363
http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=378
http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=347
http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=387
http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=389
http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=379
http://hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=174


 35 

The Name - hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=168 

The Creator - http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=354 

Creation - http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=353 

 

General Prophethood - http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=274 

Prophethood [Specific prophets] - www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=150 

Muhammad [S] the Messenger of Allah - http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=189 

Fatima [A] The Mother of The Imams - hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=291 

Invoking Blessings on the Prophet (S) - hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=236 

The Miracle - http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=184 

The Quran - hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=116 

The Light - http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=203 

The Argument - hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=399 

Resurrection - http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=105 

Death - http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=307 

The Grave - http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=270 

The Return - www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=108 

 

Leadership - http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=196 

Infallibility - hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=224 

Justice - hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=220 

Jurisprudence - hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=219 

The Path - http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=122 

Straying from the straight Path - http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=75 

3. E-Books: 

They Islamic scholars have improved the concept of tawhid -monotheism-; Adl -Justice of God-; Prophetship; Imamat 

-Leadership- and Day of Resurrection with help of the resources of books and hadith -traditions- was left from the 14 

infallibles Peace upon Them. Their 12th Imam May Allah Hasten His coming -leader- is in occultation so they have 

developed the wilaya faqih concept -the jurist as a leader-. They believe the 12th Imam, May Allah Hasten His 

coming, will come with Jesus Peace upon Him. 

Tawhid-Monotheism-:  

Knowing God-Booklet-: Perfection of faith, seeking God, God and reason, acceptance of the unseen, and 

materialism. Author(s): Sayyid Mujtaba Musavi Lari; Translator(s): F.J. Goulding 

Knowing God: This book is part of ideological collection of “Youths and Truths” by Ayatullah Ibrahim Amini based on 

years of delving into religious texts and sources, constant contact with the young generation and pondering over 

ideological and educational issues. Author(s): Ayatullah Ibrahim Amini 

God and His Attributes: Belief in God, God in the Qur'an, free will, and a discussion of some of attributes of God. 

Translated by, Dr. Hamid Algar. Author(s): Sayyid Mujtaba Musawi Lari 

At-Tawhid or Monotheism: At-Tawhid or Monotheism as in the Ideological and the Value Systems of Islam.  

A book that delves into the several dimensions and depths of Tawhid (Oneness of God): the central and core concept 

of Islam. Starting from the basic definitions, it then moves onto how one's life and existence revolve around Tawhid.  

Author(s): Ayatullah Muhammad Taqi Misbah Yazdi 

Adl-Justice of God-:  

Justice of God: A short text on the nature of Allah's attribute of `Adl (Justice) where the author discusses 

philosophical issues about its seeming incompatibility with events like natural disasters as well as with Allah's own 

http://hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=168
http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=354
http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=353
http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=274
http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=150
http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=189
http://hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=291
http://hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=236
http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=184
http://hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=116
http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=203
http://hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=399
http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=105
http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=307
http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=270
http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=108
http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=196
http://hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=224
http://hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=220
http://hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=219
http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=122
http://www.hadithdatabank.com/preview.php?mod=4&id=75
http://www.al-islam.org/knowing-god-sayyid-mujtaba-musavi-lari
http://www.al-islam.org/person/sayyid-mujtaba-musavi-lari
http://www.al-islam.org/person/fj-goulding
http://www.al-islam.org/knowing-god-ayatullah-ibrahim-amini
http://www.al-islam.org/person/ayatullah-ibrahim-amini
http://www.al-islam.org/person/sayyid-mujtaba-musawi-lari
http://www.al-islam.org/person/sayyid-mujtaba-musawi-lari
http://www.al-islam.org/person/sayyid-mujtaba-musawi-lari
http://www.al-islam.org/tawhid-or-monotheism-muhammad-taqi-misbah-yazdi
http://www.al-islam.org/justice-of-god-ayatullah-makarim-shirazi


 36 

Divine Will. 

Author(s): Ayatullah al-`Uzma al-Hajj ash-Shaykh Nasir Makarim Shirazi 

What is Justice, an Excerpt from Divine Justice: Shaheed Mutahari 

https://www.dropbox.com/sh/6rz5f3vgj1rywy0/7KQc9hwHub/What%20is%20Justice%20-

%20an%20Excerpt%20from%20Divine%20Justice%20-%20Shaheed%20Mutahhari.pdf 

Nubuwah-Prophetship-:  

Seal of the Prophets and His Message: Prophethood, miracles, revelation, inerrancy, splendor of Prophet 

Muhammad (s), migration, Qur'anic themes, and the sealing of Prophethood. Author(s): Sayyid Mujtaba Musavi Lari 

Prophethood and the Prophet of Islam: This book discusses about general prophethood and particularly to the 

prophethood of The Holy Prophet Muhammad (S) and the description of his proclamation as well as a sketch of his 

character and life history. Author(s): Ayatullah Ibrahim Amini 

Imamat-Leadership-:  

Imamate and The Imams: This book is written for the youth about the definition of Imamate and privileges of the 

Imams so that we may learn and follow the pattern of the infallible Imams -A-.  Author(s): Ayatullah Ibrahim Amini 

Imamate and Leadership: Translated by Dr. Hamid Algar, includes leadership in Islam, leadership of the Prophet and 

appointment of Imam Ali, responsibility of the companions, necessity of Imamate, and interesting accounts of Imam's 

communication with the unseen including the story of Maitham al-tammar. Author(s): Sayyid Mujtaba Musavi Lari 

Universal Government of the Mahdi: This text, authored by Ayatullah Makarim Shirazi sheds light on the nature of the 

universal government that will exist with the reappearance of Imam Mahdi (AFS) at the end of time. His method of 

government, awaiting his reappearance and the way victory will be achieved by this great peacemaker is discussed 

and presented. Author(s): Ayatullah al-`Uzma al-Hajj ash-Shaykh Nasir Makarim Shirazi 

Al-Imam al-Mahdi, The Just Leader of Humanity: Translated by Dr. Sachedina. Includes topics on the belief in the 

Mahdi, pseudo Mahdis, leadership of Imam Mahdi (a), occultation, his long life, and the reappearance of the Imam. 

Author(s): Ayatullah Ibrahim Amini 

Mead-Resurrection Day:  

Resurrection Judgment and the Hereafter: Aspects of death, pleasures of this world, evidence for resurrection, 

resurrection a manifestation of Divine justice, compensation for sins, and criterion for judgment. Author(s): Sayyid 

Mujtaba Musavi Lari 

Resurrection (Ma‟ad) in the Quran: Discussions on Resurrection and life after death from Islamic perspective. 

Author(s): Ayatullah Ibrahim Amini 

Ahl al-Bait and wilaya doctrine in Shia: 

Taharah;Ismah of The Prophets, Messengers, Awsiya And Imams (Peace Be Upon Them) Dr. Hatem abu Shahba 

Authority and Tradition -Booklet-: An article explaining the different types of authority (wilayah) in Shi'a Islam, in 

particular the religious authority of a jurist in society after the Greater Occultation. Authors(s): Dr. Ghasem Kakaie 

A Cursory Glance at the Theory of Wilayat al-Faqih: This work contains a number of speeches, articles, books, and 

question-and-answer sessions of the erudite professor, Haḍrat Ayatullah Muhammad Taqi Misbah Yazdi (may his 

sublime presence endure), which have been compiled, edited and published by the author on the subject of Wilayat 

al-Faqih. Author(s): Ayatullah Muhammad Taqi Misbah Yazdi 

http://www.al-islam.org/person/ayatullah-al-uzma-al-hajj-ash-shaykh-nasir-makarim-shirazi
https://www.dropbox.com/sh/6rz5f3vgj1rywy0/7KQc9hwHub/What%20is%20Justice%20-%20an%20Excerpt%20from%20Divine%20Justice%20-%20Shaheed%20Mutahhari.pdf
https://www.dropbox.com/sh/6rz5f3vgj1rywy0/7KQc9hwHub/What%20is%20Justice%20-%20an%20Excerpt%20from%20Divine%20Justice%20-%20Shaheed%20Mutahhari.pdf
http://www.al-islam.org/seal-prophets-and-his-message-sayyid-mujtaba-musavi-lari
http://www.al-islam.org/person/sayyid-mujtaba-musavi-lari
http://www.al-islam.org/prophethood-and-prophet-islam-ayatullah-ibrahim-amini
http://www.al-islam.org/person/ayatullah-ibrahim-amini
http://www.al-islam.org/imamate-and-imams-ayatullah-ibrahim-amini
http://www.al-islam.org/person/ayatullah-ibrahim-amini
http://www.al-islam.org/imamate-and-leadership-sayyid-mujtaba-musavi-lari
http://www.al-islam.org/person/sayyid-mujtaba-musavi-lari
http://www.al-islam.org/universal-government-mahdi-makarim-shirazi
http://www.al-islam.org/person/ayatullah-al-uzma-al-hajj-ash-shaykh-nasir-makarim-shirazi
http://www.al-islam.org/al-imam-al-mahdi-just-leader-humanity-ayatullah-ibrahim-amini
http://www.al-islam.org/person/ayatullah-ibrahim-amini
http://www.al-islam.org/resurrection-judgement-and-hereafter-sayyid-mujtaba-musavi-lari
http://www.al-islam.org/person/sayyid-mujtaba-musavi-lari
http://www.al-islam.org/person/sayyid-mujtaba-musavi-lari
http://www.al-islam.org/person/sayyid-mujtaba-musavi-lari
http://www.al-islam.org/resurrection-maad-quran-ayatullah-ibrahim-amini
http://www.al-islam.org/person/ayatullah-ibrahim-amini
http://www.al-islam.org/articles/taharah-ismah-masumeen-dr-hatem-abu-shahba
http://www.al-islam.org/message-thaqalayn/vol10-n1-2009/authority-and-tradition-dr-ghasem-kakaie
http://www.al-islam.org/person/dr-ghasem-kakaie
http://www.al-islam.org/cursory-glance-theory-wilayat-al-faqih-misbah-yazdi
http://www.al-islam.org/person/ayatullah-muhammad-taqi-misbah-yazdi


 37 

The Social Dimensions of Wilayah-Hyperlink; right click- 

 

On the Shore of Contemplation, Volume 1: This text is a response to some inquiries about the nature and role of the 

Governance of the Jurist (Wilayatul Faqih). The author discusses in this text some of the important issues related to 

Wilayatul Faqih; for example, whether the Jurist's authority is limited or absolute, whether he is elected or appointed, 

and whether it is obligatory to follow his orders. Author(s): Akbar Asad Ali Zadeh 

 

Conflict of interest: No conflict of interest. 

 

http://www.al-islam.org/articles/social-dimensions-wilayah-mohammad-ali-shomali
http://www.al-islam.org/shore-contemplation-vol1-wilayatul-faqih-akbar-asad-ali-zadeh
http://www.al-islam.org/person/akbar-asad-ali-zadeh

