




































BANGLADESH JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH 8(1) (2023), 21-26 

 

21 

  

     MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH 

 
        BJMSR VOL 8 NO 1 (2023)  P-ISSN 2687-850X  E-ISSN 2687-8518 

 
        Available online at https://www.cribfb.com 

     Journal homepage: https://www.cribfb.com/journal/index.php/BJMSR 

                                                                                                                                                                                                    Published by CRIBFB, USA 

                                                                                                                                            

PRE EXTENSION DEMONSTRATION OF ORANGE FLESHED 

SWEET POTATO VARIETIES AT MIDLAND DISTRICTS OF GUJI 

ZONE, SOUTHERN OROMIA, ETHIOPIA            

          
 Dembi Korji (a)   Basha Kebede (b)1    Tekle Bobo (c)    

 

(a) Agricultural Extension Researcher, Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Ethiopia; E-mail: korjidembi@gmail.com 
(b) Agricultural Extension Researcher, Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Ethiopia; E-mail: bashakbd48@gmail.com 
(c) Socio Economic Researcher, Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Ethiopia; E-mail: bobotekle@gmail.com 

 

 
A R T I C L E I N F O 

 
 

Article History: 
 

Received: 20th August 2023 

Revised: 27th November 2023 
Accepted: 22nd December 2023 

Published: 30th December 2023 

 
Keywords: 

 

Demonstration, Orange Fleshed,  

Sweet Potato, Farmers Preference. 

 

 
JEL Classification Codes: 

 

N75, O13, O32, Q16 

 

 

 

  

 
A B S T R A C T 
 
This study examines an on-farm demonstration of an improved orange-fleshed sweet potato. The role of 

sweet potatoes in household nutrition and health benefits is highly recognized in developing countries 

like Ethiopia. Hence, promoting such nutrition-sensitive crops through demonstrations is significant for 
farmers. This demonstration was piloted to assess farmers’ feedback on orange-fleshed sweet potatoes 

and evaluate the performance of improved varieties of two midlands of the Guji zone. This study used 

NASPOT 12 and NASPOT 13 to improve orange-fleshed and local varieties. Each variety was planted 

on 10mx10m plots of 10 farmers’ land. Training and the mini-field day were used to promote orange-

fleshed sweet potatoes. The collected data for this demonstration was analyzed through descriptive 

statistics and description forms. The result indicated that NASPOT 13, NASPOT 12, and the local variety 

gave 142 qt/ha, 114 qt/ha, and 93 qt/ha, respectively. There were more root tuber/ plants in NASPOT 13 

and NASPOT 12 than in the local variety. Both improved varieties performed well in the Adola Rede 
and Wadera districts. The findings of this study suggest that despite the higher yield of improved 

varieties, farmers did not prefer NASPOT 13 and NASPOT 12 due to the sweetness of varieties that were 

not like the local variety. Farmers preferred the improved orange-fleshed sweet potato varieties for 

livestock feed. Breeding and adaptation of sweet potatoes in the study areas are needed to identify 

household consumption varieties. Therefore, until new varieties are identified, farmers should continue 

sweet potato production using the array in their hands. 

 
 

© 2023 by the authors. Licensee CRIBFB, U.S.A. This open-access article is distributed under the 
terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license 
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).  

            

 

INTRODUCTION 

The nutrition aspect of food production is a recognized approach to increase maternal and child diets in the less developed 

countries (Mohammed, 2023). But the degree of progress seen with nutrition aspects frequently failed because of 

inappropriate strategy and operation of programs. Hence, strategies to advance the contribution of nutrition the consideration 

of projects in Sub Saharan African where deprived nutrition value and motherly and teenager below nourishment persevere 

(Girard et al., 2021). 

In sub-Saharan Africa, the sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas Lam) is the chief root plant esteemed for nutrition and 

nutritive safety (Sapakhova et al., 2023; Mohammed, 2023). In Ethiopia there were different challenges of underfeeding, 

vitamin deficits, and other health problems. Crucial and concentrated strategies are compulsory to recover the nutritious 

position of susceptible populations, especially offspring and prenatal women, to block the problem of oxidative healthiness 

disarrays (Lamaro et al., 2023). 

Orange-fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) is important to solve micronutrient deficits (Mohammed, 2023). Consumption 

of orange-fleshed sweet potato diminishes the occurrence of vitamin A deficit and optical weakening in kids and expectant 

mothers (Barnabas et al., 2023; Mbela et al., 2021). In addition, it decreases the undernourishment and the danger of many 

diseases like cardiovascular illness, cancer, cataract and age-based muscular collapse, and impaired vision mostly in 

offspring and expectant and breastfeeding moms (Olasanmi et al., 2023). The crop is rich in pro-vitamin A, which is used 

                                                      
1Corresponding author: ORCID ID: 0000-0002-0781-6526 
© 2023 by the authors. Hosting by CRIBFB. Peer review under the responsibility of CRIBFB, U.S.A.  

https://doi.org/10.46281/bjmsr.v8i1.2160 

 
To cite this article: Korji, D., Kebede, B., & Bobo, T. (2023). PRE EXTENSION DEMONSTRATION OF ORANGE FLESHED SWEET POTATO 

VARIETIES AT MIDLAND DISTRICTS OF GUJI ZONE, SOUTHERN OROMIA, ETHIOPIA. Bangladesh Journal of Multidisciplinary Scientific 

Research, 8(1), 21-26. https://doi.org/10.46281/bjmsr.v8i1.2160 

https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1863-9477
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
https://doi.org/10.46281/bjmsr.v8i1.2160
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0781-6526
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0962-0754


Korji et al., Bangladesh Journal of Multidisciplinary Scientific Research 8(1) (2023), 21-26 

 

22 

for standard vision, healthy skin and mucous tissues, vigorous cell development, and resistance to measles, respiratory and 

malaria illnesses (Bhuyan et al., 2022). The nutritious qualities of sweet potato include beta-carotene, starch, protein, 

vitamins (C, B, and E), dry matter and mineral nutrients like zinc, iron, copper, calcium, phosphorus, manganese and 

potassium (Pati et al., 2021; Iheonu et al., 2023; Oyewole, and Sennuga, 2020). The nutritional values, nutrition and profits 

earning advantages of orange-fleshed sweet potato are through promotion of improved and new OFSP varieties (Girard et 

al., 2021). Due to its high pro vitamin A, it is the prerequisite to encourage OFSP species production for-resource poor 

farmers and children (Barnabas et al., 2023).Sweet potato is extensively produced in many parts of Ethiopia, mostly in 

eastern, southwestern and south and predominantly consumed in fresh (Ejigu et al., 2022, Hendebo et al., 2022). Since the 

crop is important to maintain food security, the government of Ethiopia gave consideration to the production of sweet potato 

(Gobena et al., 2022). Nevertheless, productivity of the crop is very little to 8 t·ha−1 when compared to the prospective 

harvest of 30-73 t ha−1 (Hendebo et al., 2022). The low production of the crop is because of inaccessibility of better-quality 

varieties and traditional production techniques (Dawit and Habte, 2023; Olasanmi et al., 2023; Ebem et al., 2021). 

Among the root crops, sweet potato is one of the best chief tubers in the Guji zone (Teshome et al., 2020). In spite 

of its benefits and appropriateness, the use of OFSP varieties in the midlands of Guji zone is challenging due to the lack of 

promotion of improved varieties. To solve this problem, sweet potato researchers have adapted different orange sweet potato 

varieties. However, the adapted varieties were not evaluated in farmers’ condition. Hence, this research experiment was 

designed to demonstrate OFSP with the objectives of evaluating productivity of improved orange fleshed sweet potato 

varieties, assess farmers’ feedback on varieties and to boost the knowledge and skills of farmers’ on the cultivation of orange 

fleshed sweet potato varieties. 

 

LITERATURE REVIEW 

As a form of agricultural extension, agricultural on-farm demonstration has attracted the attention of policymakers and 

academics as a means of promoting and studying farmers’ learning and innovation (Burton, 2020). Demonstrations have 

proved to be an important and effective element of the agricultural knowledge and innovation system (Adamsone-Fiskovica 

et al., 2021). Through on-farm demonstration, innovations and novel practices can be developed, tested, and exchanged in 

farming networks (Sutherland et al., 2021). The effects go beyond increased productivity and profitability, to encompass 

enhanced capacity for adaptation, improved environmental sustainability, improved quality of life, and/or empowerment of 

farmers (Adamsone-Fiskovica et al., 2021).  

Agricultural research centers are releasing and adapting varieties for each agro-ecology. In line with the release of 

new and adapted varieties reaching farmers through demonstration and popularization are the main target of extension 

services in Ethiopia (Kebede and Bobo, 2023). Before the promotion of improved or new varieties to farmers, technology 

transfer researchers and development partners must evaluate the adapted and released varieties’ performance under farmers’ 

circumstance. This can be done either by demonstration, on farm demonstration or participatory variety selection by a few 

farmers prior to large production. In this situation, the role of researchers and development agents were facilitation while 

farmers learn on the field and share the results of demonstration to other farmers through peer learning on the specified 

variety. Through a farmers' test, the best and preferred variety by the farmers could be recommended for large production. 

If the variety is not promising in farmers’ conditions, then it cannot be disseminated. 

 

MATERIALS AND METHODS 

Description of the Study Districts 

Adola Rede and Wadera districts were one of the midland areas of Guji zone, Southern Oromia. Adola Rede district is 468 

km from Addis Ababa. The district is positioned between 5º44'10"-6º12'38" latitudes and 38º45'10"-39º12'37" longitudes. 

It is surrounded by Ana Sora district in the North, Wadera district in the South and Odo Shakiso in the West and Girja 

district in the East. The agro-ecology of the districts includes humid, subhumid and dry arid. The area has an elevation range 

of 1350–2340 meters above sea level, an annual mean of 1000mm of rain and an annual average of 28°C of temperature. 

The district obtained bimodal rainfall for lowland and midland and mono-modal for highland kebeles. Most of the 

agricultural production of the district is based on rainfall. There are different soil types conducive for different crop 

cultivation, such as barley, maize, wheat, haricot bean and sweet potato. Bananas, avocado, and mango are produced by the 

farmers. The district also has the potential for coffee production (Korji et al., 2023).  

Wadera district is located 535 km away from Addis Ababa. Astronomically, the district is sited between 5o39'5"-

6o2'28" northing latitudes and 39o5'30"-39o27'52" easting longitudes. Mixed farming is the major economic activity of the 

farmers. Wadera district is surrounded by the Bale zone to the East, Girja district to the North, Adola Rede and Odo Shakiso 

districts to the North West and South West respectively, and Gorodola district to the South East. The district is categorized 

by two types of distinctive climatic areas. Specifically, arid (60%) and semi-arid (40%) weather with an annual temperature 

ranging from 120C-340C, and it has a bimodal rainfall pattern. It is the maximum hot and sub-hot situation with a smaller 

growing period. The annual rainfall ranges between 915 mm and up to 1,900 mm. The district ranges from 500 m and the 

greater share of the district lies between 950 m to 1,900 m at mean sea level. The long wet season begins from mid-March 

to May (45–60 days) while the short wet period begins from mid-September to October (30–40 days) in years. The soils of 

the district are good for teff, maize, haricot bean, wheat, barley and sweet potato crops (Dembi et al., 2021). 

 

Farmers’ Selection 

This study was conducted at two midland districts of Guji zone during 2021 and 2022/23 years. Adola Rede and Wadera 

districts were purposively selected due to their sweet potato production. Two kebeles were purposively selected based on 

their potential and conducive for monitoring purpose. Derartu and Kiltu Sorsa kebeles were selected from Adola Rede while 



Korji et al., Bangladesh Journal of Multidisciplinary Scientific Research 8(1) (2023), 21-26 

 

23 

Calo and Andewa Keno kebeles were selected from Wadera district. At Adola Rede there were four experimental farmers 

whereas at Wadera district there were 6 experimental farmers. Totally, the demonstration was conducted at 10 experimental 

farmers on plot size of 10mx10m. 

  

Research Materials 

NASPOT 13 and NASPOT 12 varieties were demonstrated with local variety. Materials were planted with the recommended 

space of 30 cm and 100 cm between rows and tillers, respectively. In all, farmers plot 100kg/ha of NPS and 100kg/ha of 

UREA was applied as the recommendation for the crop. Stems of tillers were cut and planted in early April.  

  

Technology Promotion Methods 

For sustainable crop production, appropriate technological promotion methods are needed. For this reason, this farm 

demonstration used training, exchange and mini-field day methods in order to promote OFSP in midland areas of Guji zone. 

 

Data Collection and Analysis Methods 

Both interview and measurement methods were used to collect the data. Yields of sweet potato varieties and experimental 

farmers’ preference data were collected. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the yield output from demonstrations. 

Farmers’ preference was analyzed qualitatively through narration form. 

 

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 

Promotion of Orange Fleshed Sweet Potato Varieties 

This activity used training as a promotion approach for OFSP. Conceptual training was given to produce methods of OFSP 

and crop characteristics at the selected kebele. Practical training was also given to farmers to simplify the theoretical training 

in the field. Accordingly, 60 farmers (48 male and 12 women) were trained on sweet potato. Other stakeholders such as 

development agents who were assigned as technology facilitators at each kebele and district experts were refreshed, with 

their knowledge of sweet potato production. Totally, eight Development Agents and four agricultural experts were trained 

on the demonstration, production and promotion of OFSP. After establishment of OFSP at each kebele there was exchange 

visit between experimental farmers. This exchange visit was organized in order to share the experience of OFSP production 

and management practices between the experimental farmers and non-experimental farmers. Farmers can learn more from 

farmers themselves than researchers and development agents due to their social interaction aspects. Hence, this activity uses 

exchange visits by farmers for promoting OFSP varieties. Moreover, a mini-field day was organized for further promotion 

of OFSP in the midlands of Guji zone (Table 1). 

 

Table 1. Number of participants attended the promotion of OFSP varieties 

 
Promotion  approaches Number and types of stakeholders participant on OFSP 

Farmers Development Agents Experts Others 

M F T M F T M F T M F T 

Training  48 12 60 8 - 8 4 - 4 3 - 3 

Exchange visit 18 3 21 4 - 4 1 - 1 - - - 

Mini-field day 13 7 20 3 1 4 2 - 2 - - - 

M= Male, F= Female, T=Total 

 

Performance of Demonstrated Orange Fleshed Sweet Potato on Farmers Land  

Both improved OFSP gave a result over local variety. From demonstrated varieties, more yield (142.20 qt/ha) was obtained 

from NASPOT 13 followed by NASPOT 12 (114.50). The least yield was harvested from a local variety at 93.70 qt/ha 

(Table 2). This indicated that the use of improved OFSP variety could a give a good yield which could maintain household 

and community food availability and dietary diversity. The yield result of this study was similar to Bikamo and Ebrhim 

(2023) as the white fleshed sweet potato of the Hawassa-09 variety generated a fresh root yield of 144.40qt/ha. However, 

the yield performance obtained from orange fleshed sweet potato in this study was less than the national sweet potato yield 

(228.79 qt/ha) (ESS, 2022). Adaptation result of NASPOT 13, NASPOT 12 and local varieties in the midlands of Guji zone 

were 650.8qt/ha, 626.9 qt and 571.9 qt/ha root tuber, respectively (Teshome et al., 2020). This root tuber yield variation 

with the current yield might be due to the performance of varieties in diverse locations. Findings were reported by Gurmu 

and Mekonen (2019) as the yield performance of sweet potato is determined by the genotypes and different environments. 

In addition, Ejigu et al., (2022) confirmed that the variation in yield of OFSP could be because of ecological influence and 

genomic changeability between varieties. 

A greater number of tubers per plant were obtained from NASPOT 13 followed by NASPOT 12 and the least root 

tuber per plant was obtained from a local variety (Table 2). The number of tubers per plant had a direct relationship with 

total tuber yield per hectare. Therefore, a higher number of tubers/ plants of variety were important for farmers. The number 

of root tubers/ plants in this demonstration was higher in all varieties than the study of Dawit and Habte (2023) who recorded 

6.43 root tubers/plants from the Awassa-83 sweet potato variety. The difference in number of roots between the varieties 

might be influenced by the genetic variance, as the variability in generic character affects the growth performance of 

varieties. 

 

 



Korji et al., Bangladesh Journal of Multidisciplinary Scientific Research 8(1) (2023), 21-26 

 

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2. Performance of root yield (qt/ha) and number of tuber/plants of OFSP varieties 

 
Districts  Root yield of varieties  Number of tuber/plant 

NASPOT 13 NASPOT 12 Local NASPOT 13 NASPOT 12 Local 

Adola Rede 

N 4 4 4 4 4 4 

Minimum 120 100 85 6 4 4 

Maximum 190 150 110 22 16 12 

Mean 156.25 121.25 96.25 14.00 9.75 6.50 

Std. Dev. 34.00 20.97 11.09 6.73 4.92 3.70 

Wadera 

N 6 6 6 6 6 6 

Minimum 115 90 85 8 8 5 

Maximum 145 124 100 18 14 10 

Mean 132.83 110.00 92.00 12.00 10.75 6.83 

Std. Dev. 10.97 12.78 5.10 4.05 2.23 1.94 

Total 

N 10 10 10 10 10 10 
Minimum 115 90 85 6 4 4 

Maximum 190 150 110 22 16 12 

Mean 142.20 114.50 93.70 12.80 10.35 6.70 
Std. Dev. 24.46 16.46 7.76 5.30 3.33 2.58 

 

Both NASPOT 13 and NASPOT 12 performed better in Adola Rede than in Wadera district. At Adola Rede, 156 

qt/ha was obtained from NASPOT 13 followed by a yield of 138 qt/ha from NASPOT 13 at Wadera district. Figure 1 showed 

that NASPOT 12 gave higher tuber yields in Adola Rede experimental farmers than in the Wadera district. This indicated 

that Adola Rede district was more suitable for sweet potato production when compared to Wadera district. 
 

 
Figure 1. Performance of OFSP varieties across districts 

 

Despite numerical variation in yield of the varieties, there is no statistical significant variation between the four 

selected kebeles in the two districts. This indicated from the demonstrated varieties accessible variety can be used for OFSP 

produce in the midland districts of Guji zone. 
 

Table 3. The analysis of variance on kebele factor  

 
Varieties  Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F Sig. 

NASPOT 13 

Between Groups 3347.933 3 1115.978 3.286 .100 

Within Groups 2037.667 6 339.611   
Total 5385.600 9    

NASPOT 12 

Between Groups 1021.167 3 340.389 1.441 .321 

Within Groups 1417.333 6 236.222   
Total 2438.500 9    

Local 

Between Groups 247.600 3 82.533 1.681 .269 

Within Groups 294.500 6 49.083   

Total 542.100 9    
 

 

Farmers’ preference for orange fleshed sweet potato varieties 

Farmers’ preference and feedback on the demonstration stage is important prior to large production of a crop. It is important 

to suggest farmers’ feedback back to the research system for the improvement of variety, and it is also essential in 

minimizing the drawbacks of the variety in larger areas. For sustainable production of sweet potato, assessing farmers' 

preference on demonstrated is important. This is because farmers have their own criteria for further production of varieties 

156.25

121.25

96.25

132.83

110

92

NASPOT 13 YIELD (QT) NASPOT 12 YIELD (QT) LOCAL YIELD (QT)

Adola Rede district Wadera district



Korji et al., Bangladesh Journal of Multidisciplinary Scientific Research 8(1) (2023), 21-26 

 

25 

on their land. During this demonstration, farmers’ preferences for varieties were assessed. Despite the higher root yield of 

the NASPOT 13 and NASPOT 12 farmers preferred local variety due to the local variety having more nutritional status over 

the improved varieties. Both NASPOT 13 and NASPOT 12 were not as sweet as the local variety. In addition, the tubers of 

improved varieties were oversize and not attracted to the market. Farmers mentioned that NASPOT 13 and NASPOT 12 

were preferred for fattening animals as varieties had a greater number of branches, leave and root tubers than local variety. 

Midland areas of Guji zone were frequently affected by drought which has a direct impact on forage production for livestock. 

Surveillance of improved varieties was higher and this might help farmers to feed their livestock. Generally, farmers 

preferred improved varieties for livestock feed instead of household consumption.  

 

CONCLUSIONS  
Based on the findings, it can be concluded that NASPOT 12 and NASPOT 13 orange fleshed sweet potato varieties gave 

higher yield compared to the local cultivars in the midlands of the Guji zone. Though good yield was harvested from the 

improved varieties, all experimental farmers preferred the locally produced variety due to its better sweetness over the 

improved varieties. On the other hand, farmers preferred the demonstrated NASPOT 12 and NASPOT 13 for fattening of 

animals rather than household consumption. For human consumption, releasing OFSP varieties with a good nutrition status 

is expected from agricultural research center. Farmers should continue the use of varieties in their hand for sweet potato 

production until other new varieties are recommended for the midlands areas of the Guji zone. 

 
 

Author Contributions: Conceptualization, D, K., Methodology, D, K., B, K., and T, B.; Software, B, K.; Validation, D, K., B, K., and T, B.;  Formal 

Analysis, B.K.; Investigation, D, K., B, K., and T, B.; Resources D, K., B, K., and T, B.; Data Curation, B.K.; Writing – Original Draft Preparation, B.K.; 

Writing – Review & Editing, D, K., B, K., and T, B.; Visualization, D, K., B, K., and T, B.; Supervision, D, K., B, K., and T, B.; Project Administration, 
D.K. and B. K; Funding Acquisition, D.K. Authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. 

Institutional Review Board Statement: Ethical review and approval were waived for this study, due to that the research does not deal with vulnerable 
groups or sensitive issues. 

Funding: The authors received direct funding from the Oromia Agricultural Research Institute. 

Acknowledgements: Oromia Agricultural Research Institute was acknowledged as funding this activity. The roles of experimental farmers in the success 
of this activity were highly recognized. 

Informed Consent Statement: Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study. 

Data Availability Statement: The data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author. Conflicts of Interest: The authors 
declare no conflict of interest. 

 

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