




































Bangladesh Journal of Multidisciplinary Scientific Research 

 Vol. 3, No. 1; 2021 

ISSN 2687-850X   E-ISSN 2687-8518  

Published by CRIBFB, USA 

 

1 

IMPACTS OF ORGANIC AND INORGANIC FERTILIZERS ON 

GROWTH AND YIELD OF COUNTRY BEAN (LABLAB 

PURPUREUS L.) IN SUMMER SEASON 

 

 
Md. Sazzat Hossain Raihan 

Department of Agriculture 

Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh 

E-mail: sazzatraihan@gmail.com 

 

Mohammad Shafiqul Islam 

Assistant Professor 

Department of Agriculture 

Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh 

E-mail: safi.agri21@gmail.com 

 

Md. Morshedul Islam 

MS Student 

Department of Plant Pathology 

Faculty of Agriculture 

Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh 

E-mail: morshedkhan2103@gmail.com 

 

Rafat Nur Abdullah Khan 

MS Student 

Department of Soil Science 

Faculty of Agriculture 

Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh 

E-mail: rafatn9610@gmail.com 

 

Belayet Hossain 

MS Student 

Department of Horticulture 

Faculty of Agriculture 

Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh 

E-mail: belayet50718@bau.edu.bd 

 

 

ABSTRACT 
A field experiment was conducted from April to September in 2018 at Nobogram Agro farm, 

Noakhali, Bangladesh. The experiment was done to determine the effect of organic and 

inorganic fertilizers on growth and yield of country bean (Lablab purpureus L.) in Summer 

Season. The experiment comprises on country bean local variety named ‘Epsha-2’. There were 

mailto:sazzatraihan@gmail.com
mailto:safi.agri21@gmail.com
mailto:morshedkhan2103@gmail.com
mailto:rafatn9610@gmail.com
mailto:belayet50718@bau.edu.bd


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2 

four treatments viz., T1= Control (no fertilizer are used), T2= Inorganic (TSP 0.50 gm/pit + 

Gypsum 200 gm/pit + MOP 250 gm/pit), T3= Cowdung (5 kg/pit) and T4= FYM (5 kg/pit) and 

the experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with six 

replications. The parameters of the experiment were the percentage of seed germination, plant 

height at four-leaf stage (cm), days to first flowering (days), number of pod per plant, individual 

pod length (cm), pod width (cm) and pod weight (gm).Among all treatments farmyard manure 

(FYM) was responsible for a higher percentage of seed germination (100%), maximum plant 

height during four-leaf stage (6.08 cm), accelerated days to first flowering (48 days), increased 

pod number per plant (220.33), the maximum number of individual pod length (6.87 cm), pod 

width (2.07 cm) and pod weight (5.53 gm) over other treatments in summer country bean. So the 

results showed that farmyard manure strongly influenced plant growth and yield component of 

the country bean. In brief, application of FYM is necessary to increase country bean production 

in summer season. 

 

Keywords: Country Bean, Growth, Inorganic Fertilizer, Organic Fertilizer, Yield. 

 

INTRODUCTION 

Country bean botanically known as Lablab purpureus L.which is a legume species. It is a self-

pollinated crop belonging to the family Fabaceae. It is the third most important vegetable in the 

central and south-western parts of Bangladesh after eggplant and taro (Rashid, Rahman, 

Shahadad Hussain, & Motiur Rahaman, 2007). In Bangladesh, it is popularly known as ‘Seem’. 

It also has many synonyms like Dolichos bean, hyacinth bean, lablab bean, Indian bean, common 

bean, field bean etc. (Heuzé et al., 2016). Country bean is originated in India, and it is grown 

throughout the tropical regions of Asia, Africa and America (Preetham, Kumar, Srinivas, Rao, & 

Prakash (2019). The crop is commonly used for pulse, vegetable and fodder. It is generally 

grown for pods as edible vegetable and dry seeds as a pulse which is rich in protein, fibre, 

vitamins and minerals (Asaduzzaman, Bhuiyan, Hossain, & Raffi, 2015). The foliage of the crop 

also used as silage and green manure (Preetham, Kumar, Srinivas,  Rao, & Ramprakash, 2020). 

It occupies a unique position as vegetable among the legume crops due to its high nutritive value 

(Basu, Samantha, & Sasmala, 2002).Total land area under country bean cultivation is 50888 

acres, and the production is 134860 metric tons during 2017-18 (Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, 

2018). Though country bean can be produced all over Bangladesh, the districts Chittagong, 

Comilla, Noakhali and Dhaka were the intensive bean producing areas (Sharmin, Mitra, & 

Rashid, 2018). In Bangladesh, the production of vegetable is not uniform around the year, much 

in winter season but less in summer season. Around 30% of total vegetables are produced during 

summer and 70% in winter (Hossain, 1992).Therefore there is a big gap between winter and 

summer vegetable production in Bangladesh. Country bean is mostly grown in winter season, but 

due to its photo and thermo sensitive behaviour, availability of country bean is restricted during 

the winter season (Roy, Islam, & Debnath, 2014). To minimize this problem Olericulture 

division of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute have been successfully developed some 

photo and thermo insensitive country bean through genetic manipulation which are suitable for 

the summer season (Anonymous, 2011).But pod bearing potentiality of those varieties is very 

poor because the poor holding of flower during the offseason. Such a pitiable fruit setting might 

be due to lack of sufficient amounts of nutrients. The requirements of fertilizers in the bean are 

essential for the growth and total production of pod yield. Over the years, inorganic fertilizers 

have been widely used worldwide to support and optimize the development of these vegetables. 



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3 

But nowadays, the use of organic fertilizer has gained more importance globally in the last few 

decades (Islam, Boyce, Rahman, Azirun, & Ashraf, 2016).Application of these organic and 

inorganic compounds have been shown to improve the soil nutritional status and as well as to 

influence other soil properties (Pagliai, Vignozzi, & Pellegrini, 2004), which helps to maintain 

the quality and yield component of crops. So, the production of these legume vegetables 

sufficient amount of nutrients are needed for their growth and development (Takahashi, 1981) 

otherwise pod growth habit, pod quality, pod yield etc. can be affected. Therefore, this research 

investigated to find out the response of country bean to organic and inorganic fertilization and to 

identify the possible fertilizer treatment which enhances country bean production during the 

summer season. 

 

MATERIALS AND METHODS 

Experimental Site 

The experiment was conducted during the period from April to September in 2018 at Nabogram 

Agro Farm near the Manannogor, Sadar Upazila, Noakhali District, Bangladesh. Location of the 

site is 24°75' N latitude and 90°5' E longitude which falls under the AEZ 18, i.e. Young Meghna 

Estuarine Flood plain. The climate of the experimental site was tropical. The soil was sandy 

loam in texture and slightly saline soil which pH was 7.5-8.3. 

 

Experimental Design and Treatments 

In this experiment ‘Epsha-2’ variety was used and the experiment was laid out in Randomized 

Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four treatments and six replications. Four treatments were 

considered: T1= Control (no fertilizer are used), T2= Inorganic (TSP 0.50 gm/pit + Gypsum 200 

gm/pit + MOP 250 gm/pit), T3= Cowdung (5 kg/pit) and T4= FYM (5 kg/pit). 

 

Land Preparation 

The land was well ploughed at tilth condition. Cowdung, FYM and all fertilizers except urea, 

were applied during final land preparation according to treatment. Seed sowing was done on 

April 04 in 2018, in the plot. The size of each plot was 4.5 m length and 1 m width, height was 

0.05 m, in every plot six pits was prepared, and each hole was 0.25 m2.By following process 24 

plot were prepared separately. Before sowing, seed treatment was done with Furadan @ 5gm. 

The seeds pushed into the ground to a depth of approximately 1 to 1.5 inches. Three bean seeds 

placed 3 inches apart at each pit. Intercultural operations were appropriately done when required. 

Harvesting was done regularly and from time to time. 

 

Data collection 

One plant from each pit was selected and tagged. Thus was done in all the six replications and 

the different data were recorded from those plants. Data on the following parameters were 

recorded from the experimental plot. The number of seeds sown per pit and their germination 

was recorded in % at ten days after sowing. Height of plant was recorded in centimetre (cm) at 

four-leaf stage. The number of days from sowing to first flower opening was recorded as days to 

first flowering (days).The number of the pods was counted during harvest time. Pods from the 

tagged plant harvested and individual length were calculated in centimetre (cm). Individual pods 

widths were calculated in centimetre (cm).Harvested pods weight were calculated in grams (gm). 

 

 



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Data analysis 
Data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software and Microsoft Office Excel 2013 to find out 

the significance of the difference among the treatments. The analysis was performed by F-test. 

Least Significant Different (LSD) values at 5% level of probability were used to determine the 

significance of the difference between treatment means. 

 

RESULT AND DISCUSSION 

Percentage of seed germination 

Regarding seed germination at 10 DAS variation was found among the practised treatments 

(Figure 1).In T4 (FYM) treatment, the percentage of seed emergence is maximum (100%) and 

the lowest percentage of seed emergence observed in T1 (Control) treatment. On the contrary, 

inorganic and cowdung showed less rate of seed emergences than FYM. Gupta, Narwa, and 

Antil (1996) said that FYM contains all the macro and micronutrients required for plant growth 

as well as seed emergences. Chinthapalli, Dibar, Chitra, and Leta (2015) observed that organic 

fertilizer showed a high frequency of 92-96% germination when compared with inorganic 

fertilizer of 80-86% germination over the control in fava bean and pea. Hence, FYM maintains 

organic matter in soil and improving nutrient and structural status of soils which influence the 

percentage of bean seed germination. 

 

Figure 1. Effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on seed germination of country bean at 10 

DAS. The vertical bar indicates LSD at 5% level of significance. (DAS= Days after sowing, 

FYM= Farmyard manure) 

Plant height (cm) 

It is evident from figure 2 that, the different treatments exhibited a significant effect on plant 

height at four-leaf stage. The maximum plant height was found from T4 (6.08 cm) at four-leaf 

stage. On the other hand, the minimum plant height was found from T1 (4.33 cm) at four-leaf 

stage. Yeshiwas, Zewdie, Chekol, and Walle (2018) showed that highest plant height was 

obtained from the application of nitrogen fertilizer combined with farmyard manure, respectively 

lowest plant height was obtained from no application of farmyard manure. From this result, it 

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

P
er

ce
n
ta

g
e 

o
f 

g
er

m
in

at
io

n

Treatments

T1= Control T2= Inorganic T3= Cowdung T4= FYM



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can be inferred that, farmyard manure showed a remarkable change in country bean plant height 

at four-leaf stage compared to the other treatments. 

 

Figure 2. Effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on plant height of country bean. The vertical 

bar indicates LSD at 5% level of significance. (FYM= Farmyard manure) 

Days to first flowering (days) 
Considering the first flowering date, significant variations were noticed among all treatments, 

(Figure 3).In T2treatment the maximum days for flowering was found (58.67 days) and the 

minimum days for flowering was found in T4 treatment (48 days). Purseglove (1977) reported 

that some of the hyacinth bean varieties produced flowers at about six weeks after sowing.Hence, 

FYM accelerates days to first flowering over other treatments in summer bean. Barua, Rahman, 

Patwary, Alam, and Nahar (2014) found that 38 days were needed for flower bud emergence in 

his study. 

 

Figure 3. Effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on days to the first flowering of the country 

bean. The vertical bar indicates LSD at 5% level of significance. (FYM= Farmyard manure) 

Number of pods per plant 

This study revealed that statistically significant differences existed among all treatments for 

average number of pods per plant (Figure 4).Data showed the highest pods number per plant 

(220.33) was observed from T4 (FYM) treatment, while the lowest (127.83) related to 

T1(Control) treatment. Amount of T2 (177.33) and T3 (144.33) consider as medium pods 

number per plant. Singh, Sekhon, and Kaur (2012) reported that application of 5 tons FYM ha-1 

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

P
la

n
t 

h
ei

g
h
t 

(c
m

)

Treatments

T1= Control T2= Inorganic T3= Cowdung T4= FYM

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

D
ay

s 
to

 f
ir

st
 f

lo
w

er
in

g
 

Treatments

T1= Control T2= Inorganic T3= Cowdung T4= FYM



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improved the plant growth and yield attributes either numerically or significantly and increased 

grain yield significantly over no application of FYM.  

 

Figure 4. Effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the number of pods per plant. The vertical 

bar indicates LSD at 5% level of significance. (FYM= Farmyard manure) 

Individual pod length (cm) 

In respect of individual pod length, variation was found among the practised treatments (Figure 

5). The maximum length of the pod was found from T4 (FYM) treatment (6.87 cm) then another 

treatment and in T1 (Control) treatment the length of pod is minimum (6.39 cm). Medium pod 

length was found from T2 (6.62 cm) and T3 (6.52 cm). Therefore, yield and yield contributing 

characters of the country bean were significantly influenced by FYM and showed the maximum 

value, whereas the other treatments showed the lowest value. 

 

Figure 5. Effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on individual pod length. The vertical bar 

indicates LSD at 5% level of significance. (FYM= Farmyard manure) 

Individual pod width (cm) 

The application of organic and inorganic fertilizers significantly affected the individual pod 

width of country bean (Figure 6). The highest individual pod width (2.07 cm) was obtained from 

the application of T4 (FYM) treatment, while the lowest pod width (1.80 cm) was found from the 

control treatment. Singh et al. (2012) reported that application of 5 tons FYM ha-1 improved the 

plant growth and yield attributes either numerically or significantly and increased grain yield 

significantly over no application of FYM. Thus it can be inferred from this result that, the 

positive response of country bean to farmyard manure application could be due to the reduction 

of soil pH by the manure that makes the nutrient such as phosphorus more available to the plants. 

0

50

100

150

200

250

N
u
m

b
er

 o
f 

p
o

d
s

Treatments

T1= Control T2= Inorganic T3= Cowdung T4= FYM

5.8

6

6.2

6.4

6.6

6.8

7

7.2

P
o

d
 l

en
g
th

 (
cm

)

Treatments

T1= Control T2= Inorganic T3= Cowdung T4= FYM



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Figure 6. Effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on individual pod width. The vertical bar 

indicates LSD at 5% level of significance. (FYM= Farmyard manure) 

Individual pod weight (gm) 

Individual pod weight of country bean was varied significantly among the different treatments of 

organic and inorganic fertilizers (Figure 7). The individual pod weight was recorded maximum 

(5.53 gm) where T4 (FYM) treatment was done, and the minimum pod weight was recorded 

(4.69 gm) where T1 (Control) treatment was done. So, it can be said that using of farmyard 

manure increased yield and yield component of the country bean. This might be due to the 

release of more nutrients from farmyard manure. 

 

Figure 7. Effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on individual pod weight. The vertical bar 

indicates LSD at 5% level of significance. (FYM= Farmyard manure) 

 

CONCLUSION 

Singly organic and inorganic fertilizers can perform a better yield and optimum growth of 

legume plant species. But especially organic fertilizer can help in better plant growth and pod 

yield of the country bean. Soil fertility is usually maintained by the application of organic 

fertilizers. It also improves the physical and biological properties of the soil. According to our 

findings, it can be said that organic fertilizer such as farmyard manure has a significant effect on 

country bean production. It improves nutrient and structural status of soils which influences the 

seed emergence, plant growth and yield parameters of country bean in summer season. The 

present study results showed that farmyard manure performed the best for country bean 

production. Hence, farmyard manure is recommended because of its easy availability, eco 

friendly, and cost-effectiveness and further study should be continued in different seasons and 

agro-ecological zones of Bangladesh for better production. 

1.5

1.6

1.7

1.8

1.9

2

2.1

2.2

P
o

d
 w

id
th

 (
cm

)
Treatments

T1= Control T2= Inorganic T3= Cowdung T4= FYM

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

P
o

d
 w

ei
g
h
t 

(g
m

)

Treatments

T1= Control T2= Inorganic T3= Cowdung T4= FYM



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ACKNOWLEDGMENT 

We want to thank the Department of Upazila Agricultural Extension, Sadar Upazila, Noakhali, 

Bangladesh for providing country bean seeds; Nobogram Agro farm, Mannannogor, Sadar 

Upazila, Noakhali District, Bangladesh and thank our family for their financial support towards 

the successful completion of this study and also thank the other teachers and students of the 

Departments of Agriculture, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 

Bangladesh. 

 

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