Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology Volume: 10; Number 3; Year 2015 Cite this article as: Khan RA, Khan MR Khan A. Comparative antioxidant scavenging and lipid peroxidation activi- ty of rutin and gallic acid. Bangladesh J Pharmacol. 2015; 10: 637-38. Comparative antioxidant scavenging and lipid peroxi- dation activity of rutin and gallic acid Sir, Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated in the normal metabolism of living organisms, and beside of their beneficial role in signal transduction, they are involved in dispersion of several degenerative diseases like malignant tumors, rheumatic joint inflammation, cataract, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, hypertension, diabetes, oxidative stress, tissue damages and atherosclerosis (Halliwell and Gutteridge, 1984). Natural products and secondary plant metabolites play a key role in the prevention of various chronic diseases and improvement of health. Rutin is used as a chemo- therapeutic agent in addition to food supplement. The present study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant of free radical and lipid peroxidation activities of various concentrations of rutin and gallic acid. To evaluate the antioxidant efficacy of both natural compounds various free radical scavenging assays are used. During these characterizations 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl- hydrazyl (DPPH), ABTS (2, 20-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzo- thiazoneline-6-sulphonic acid, 7.4 mM), ammonium molybdate, β-carotene, nitroblue tetrazolium, 2-deoxy- ribose, hydrogen peroxide and FeCl2.4H2O solution are free radicals providers. DPPH assay was performed according to the procedure as reported by Gyamfi et al. (1999). ABTS radical cation (Re et al., 1999), phospho- molybdenum method (Prieto et al., 1999), β-carotene- linoleate (Sun and Ho, 2005), superoxide radical scaven- ging activity (Nishikimi et al., 1972), hydroxyl radicals (Nagai et al., 2005), hydrogen peroxide (Ruch et al., 1989) and the chelating ability of ferrous ions by vari- ous fractions were estimated by the method of Dinis et al. (1994). After % activity of free radical inhibition, IC50 of various assays was determined using Graph pad software. The scavenging activities of various concentrations of rutin and gallic acid were determined using free radicals of 1, 1-diphenyl 1-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Results showed that rutin (IC50 6.7 ± 0.1 µg/mL) possessed highest antioxidant activity as compared to gallic acid (19.0 ± 0.0 µg/mL) (Table I; Figure 1). The ABTS radical scavenging activity order of bioactive constituents are: rutin>gallic acid with IC50 values of 52.7 ± 3.2 µg/mL and 122.1 ± 5.2 µg/mL, respectively (Table I). The results showed that rutin possessed significantly higher ABTS radical scavenging activity (p<0.01) as compared to gallic acid. Table I showed the reduction of Mo (VI) to Mo (V) by administration of rutin (IC50 58.3 ± 1.8 µg/mL) and gallic acid (IC50 123.0 ± 3.1 µg/mL). The absorbance of β-carotene was found to be decreased in the presence of 50–250 µg/mL of the various ascorbic acid, gallic acid and rutin. Various concentrations of these compounds effectively inhibited the oxidation of linoleic acid and subsequent bleaching of β-carotene. Rutin (IC50 61.6 ± 2.4 µg/mL) was more potent then that of gallic acid (IC50 190.2 ± 2.8 µg/mL). Scavenging activity for superoxide radicals exhibited by rutin (IC50 68.6 ± 2.3 µg/mL) and gallic acid (IC50 220.7 ± 7.8 µg/mL). A Journal of the Bangladesh Pharmacological Society (BDPS) Bangladesh J Pharmacol 2015; 10: 637-638 Journal homepage: www.banglajol.info Abstracted/indexed in Academic Search Complete, Agroforestry Abstracts, Asia Journals Online, Bangladesh Journals Online, Biological Abstracts, BIOSIS Previews, CAB Abstracts, Current Abstracts, Directory of Open Access Journals, EMBASE/Excerpta Medica, Google Scholar, HINARI (WHO), International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, Open J-gate, Science Citation Index Expanded, SCOPUS and Social Sciences Citation Index ISSN: 1991-0088; DOI: 10.3329/bjp.v10i3.23362 Letter to the Editor Table I Extracts of rutin and gallic acid for various antioxi- dant system IC50 Rutin Gallic acid DPPH activity 6.7 (0.1)a 19.0 (0.0)b ABTS radical inhibition 52.7 (3.2)a 122.1 (5.2)b Phosphomolybdenum assay 58.3 (1.8)a 123.0 (3.1)b β-Carotene bleaching 61.6 (2.4)a 190.2 (2.8)b Chelating activity 75.3 (3.2)a 92.5 (3.3)b Superoxide scavenging 68.6 (2.3)a 220.7 (7.8)b Nitric oxide scavenging 68.5 (4.2)a 145.0 (3.2)b Lipid peroxidation 57.4 (3.1)a 112.2 (2.4)b Hydrogen peroxide scavenging 86.3 (4.0)a 100.7 (3.8)b Hydroxyl radical 93.2 (2.6)a 98.5 (0.6)b Each value is represented as mean (SD); n=3; Means not sharing the same letter are significantly different (LSD) at p<0.01 probability level in each column Table I shows the hydroxyl radical scavenging activi- ties of rutin (IC50 93.2 ± 2.6 µg/mL) and gallic acid (IC50 98.5 ± 0.6 µg/mL). Scavenging effect of rutin and gallic acid indicated that rutin possessed (p<0.01) highest hydroxyl radical scavenging effect and was most potent. Various concentrations of compounds showed an abili- ty to chelate iron (II) ions in a dose-dependent manner. Among these rutin had potent iron chelating activity. The highest activity was observed for rutin (p<0.01) and was more potent in inhibition of lipid peroxidation than gallic acid. Overall, the rutin showed the highest nitric oxide scavenging (p<0.01) capability compared to other compound. Rahmat Ali Khan1, Muhammad Rashid Khan2 and Arif Khan1 1Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology Bannu, KPK, Pakistan; 2Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan. Corresponding author: Rahmatgul_81@yahoo.com References Dinis TCP, Madeira VMC, Almeida LM. 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Food Chem. 2005; 90: 743-49. 638 Bangladesh J Pharmacol 2015; 10: 637-638 1 5 10 25 50 100 0 50 100 150 R T GA C o n ce n tra tio n (g / m l) D P P H % s c a v e n g in g 50 100 150 200 250 300 0 50 100 150 RT GA Concentration (g / ml) S u p er o x id e % s ca v en g in g Figure 1: DPPH and superoxide scavenging activity rutin (RT) and gallic acid (GA) mailto:mrkhanqau@yahoo.com