Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology Volume: 12; Number 3; Year 2017 Cite this article as: Gopikrishnan V, Radhakrishnan M, Pazhanimurugan R, Shanmugasundaram T, Balagurunathan R. Antimicrobial, antitubercular and antiproliferative activities of quercetin isolated from the marine Streptomyces fradiae. Bangladesh J Pharmacol. 2017; 12: 333-34. Antimicrobial, antitubercular and anti- proliferative activities of quercetin isolated from the marine Streptomyces fradiae Sir, During the course of actinobacterial bioprospecting programme, we isolated a quercetin molecule from marine Streptomyces fradiae PE7. The purified quercetin showed promising anti-biofouling activity at in vitro as well as in field level (Gopikrishnan et al., 2016). Here we described the anti-microbial, anti TB and anti- proliferative activity of quercetin at in vitro level. Quercetin from the cultures of S. fradiae PE7 was produced by agar surface fermentation (Radhakrishnan et al., 2014) and isolated through TLC-based bioassay guided fractionation (Singh et al., 2014). The MIC of quercetin molecule was determined by microbroth dilution method against Staphylococcus aureus MTCC96, Bacillus subtilis MTCC441, methicillin resistant S. aureus, extended spectrum beta lactamase producing strains of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa at concentrations ranged between 100 and 1 µg/mL (Ignacimuthu et al., 2016). The MIC of quercetin molecule against M. tuberculosis strains by adopting luciferase reporter phage (LRP) assay at 100 to <1 µg/ mL. Test pathogens used in this study include standard strain M. tuberculosis H37Rv, clinical drug sensitive M. tuberculosis and multi drug resistant (MDR) M. tuberculosis strains (Sivakumar et al., 2007). Anti- proliferative activity of quercetin was tested on HeLa (cervical cancer) and A549 (lung cancer) cell lines by adopting MTT assay (Karuppiah et al., 2013). Quercetin showed broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against bacterial pathogens. Quercetin inhibited the gram positive bacteria at the lowest of 6.3 µg/mL, whereas the MIC value for gram negative bacteria was ranged between 12.5 and 50.0 µg/mL (Figure 1). In LRP assay quercetin showed more than 65% reduction against all the three M. tuberculosis strains at 3.1 µg/mL concentrations (Figure 2). Quercetin exhibited very high and potent inhibition in both the tested cell lines. Quercetin showed the LC50 range 250 µg/mL and 1.5 µg/mL concentration in the HeLa and A549 cell lines, respectively (Figure 3). In the literature, there are no notable reports on the isolation of quercetin from actinobacteria particularly from marine origin. Findings of the present study revealed that the quercetin isolated from marine S. fradiae will be a promising candidate for anti-microbial, anti-tubercular and anti-cancer drug development, in addition to its anti-biofouling activity. A Journal of the Bangladesh Pharmacological Society (BDPS) Bangladesh J Pharmacol 2017; 12: 333-334 Journal homepage: www.banglajol.info Abstracted/indexed in Academic Search Complete, Agroforestry Abstracts, Asia Journals Online, Bangladesh Journals Online, Biological Abstracts, BIOSIS Previews, CAB Abstracts, Current Abstracts, Directory of Open Access Journals, EMBASE/Excerpta Medica, Global Health, Google Scholar, HINARI (WHO), International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, Open J-gate, Science Citation Index Expanded, SCOPUS and Social Sciences Citation Index ISSN: 1991-0088; DOI: 10.3329/bjp.v12i3.33208 Letter to the Editor This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. You are free to copy, distribute and perform the work. You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author or licensor M IC v al ue s (m cg /m L) 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 St ap hy lo co cc us au re us M TC C9 6 Ba cil lu s su bt ilis M TC C4 41 St ap hy lo co cc us a ur eu s (M et hi cil lin re sis ta nt ) Es ch er ich ia c ol i (E SB L pr od uc er ) Kl eb sie lla p ne um on ia (E SB L pr od uc er ) Ps eu do m on as a er ug in os a (E SB L pr od uc er ) Figure 1: Anti-microbial activity of quercetin against standard and MDR microbial pathogens Test bacterial pathogens % R ed uc tio n in R LU 100 80 60 40 20 0 25 µg/mL 12.5 µg/mL 6.1 µg/mL 3.1 µg/mL Concentrations M. tuberculosis H37Rv M. tuberculosis (SHRE sensitive) MDR M. tuberculosis Figure 2: Anti-tuberculosis activity of quercetin standard and clinical M. tuberculosis strains The authors are thankful to the Vice-Chancellor and the Registrar of the Periyar University and the management of Sathyabama University for the research facilities provided. The authors are thankful to DST SERB ECR File No. ECR/2016/ 000438 for financial assistance through the major research project. Venugopal Gopikrishnan1, Manikkam Radhakrish- nan1, Raasaiyah Pazhanimurugan2, Thangavel Shan- mugasundaram3 and Ramasamy Balagurunathan2 1Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Sathyabama University, Jeppiar Nagar, Chennai 600 119, Tamil Nadu, India; 2Actinobacterial Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Periyar University, Periyar Palkalai Nagar, Salem 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India; 3DRDO-BU Centre for Life Sciences, Bharathiar University Campus, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India. Corresponding author: email: actinobalaguru@gmail.com References Devadass BJ, Paulraj MG, Ignacimuthu S, Theoder PAS, Dhabi NAA. Anti-microbial activity of soil actinomycetes isolated from Western Ghats in Tamil Nadu, India. J Bacteriol Mycol Open Access. 2016; 3: 1-11. Gopikrishnan V, Radhakrishnan M, Pazhanimurugan R, Shanmugasundaram T, Balagurunathan R. Quercetin from marine derived Streptomyces fradiae PE7: Taxonomy, fermentation, anti-fouling activity and characterization. J Environ Sci Pollut Res. 2016; 23: 13832-42. Karuppiah V, Aarthi C, Sivakumar K, Kannan L. Statistical optimization and anti-cancer activity of a red pigment isolated from Streptomyces sp. PM4. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2013; 3: 650-56. Radhakrishnan M, Anuradha Raman V, Bharathi S, Balaguru- nathan R, Kumar V. Anti-MRSA and anti-tubercular activity of phenoxazinone containing molecule from Borra Caves Streptomyces Sp. BCA1. Int J Pharm Sci Res. 2014; 5: 5342- 48. Singh LS, Sharma H, Talukdar NC. Production of potent anti- microbial agent by actinomycete, Streptomyces sannanensis strain SU118 isolated from phoomdi in Loktak Lake of Manipur, India. BMC Microbiol. 2014; 14: 278. Sivakumar PM, Seenivasan SP, Kumar V, Doble M. Synthesis, antimycobacterial activity evaluation and QSAR studies of chalcone derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2007; 17: 1695- 700. Bangladesh J Pharmacol 2017; 12: 333-334 334 Figure 3: Anti-proliferative activity of quercetin against HeLa and A549 cell lines Control 0.01 µg/mL 0.1 µg/mL 1.0 µg/mL 10.0 µg/mL 100 µg/mL A 54 9 ce ll lin es H eL a ce ll lin es mailto:actinobalaguru@gmail.com DatePrinted: This article was downloaded by you on: Sep 10, 2017