Wedelia trilobata (L Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 13(2): 155-170, 2006 (December) A PRELIMINARY CHECKLIST OF THE ANGIOSPERMIC FLORA OF GHAGOTIA UNION UNDER KAPASIA UPAZILA IN GAZIPUR DISTRICT, BANGLADESH MOHAMMAD SHAH ALAM, MD. ABUL HASSAN AND MOHAMMAD ZASHIM UDDIN1 Department of Botany, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh Key words: Preliminary checklist, Angiospermic flora, Ghagotia Union, Gazipur, Bangladesh Abstract Angiospermic flora of Ghagotia Union representing Magnoliopsida (Dicots) and Liliopsida (Monocots) have been inventoried after survey during the years of 2004 and 2005. A total of 187 species have been recorded from the area. These have been assigned to 65 families and 160 genera. Magnoliopsida is represented by 50 families, 113 genera and 133 species, whereas Liliopsida is represented by 15 families, 47 genera and 54 species. Introduction Ghagotia Union is located in Kapasia Upazila under Gazipur District, Bangladesh. It lies between 24º07′ and 24º11′ N latitudes and 90º38′ and 90º42′ E longitudes. It is about 70 km north-east from Dhaka. The Union consists of mainly medium high plain land and low plain land. Some small hillocks are also present in the western part of the Union which are covered by natural secondary Sal (Shorea robusta) forest. Other parts are covered by homestead vegetation and cultivated lands. Ghagotia Union is mainly dominated by the extension of shallow upland soil. Dissected terrace soil is found in some high ridges and alluvial soil is found in the valleys. The western part of the area is composed of some red and brown clay of the mixed variety of deep dissected terrace soil. The eastern part of the area contains some fertile soil with grey and white-brown plain clay soil (Rizvi 1969). The area enjoys a tropical climate characterized by a period of high precipitation from May to October and six months of relatively dry period from November to April. The mean annual rainfall is about 1693 mm. Temperature of the area ranges from 21-34°C. The maximum temperature was recorded in April and the minimum was recorded in January during the study period. A number of floristic works have so far been done in greater Dhaka District including Ismail and Mia (1973), Alam (1995), Hossain et al. (1995), Rahman and Hassan (1995) and Rashid et al. (1995). But no floristic studies are found in the Ghagotia Union of Gazipur District. Moreover, the area supports a large number of angiospemic species including herbs, shrubs, trees, climbers, epiphytes, parasites and also plenty of hydrophytes. Like other parts of the country, the floristic elements of this area is in risk 1Corresponding author. 156 ALAM et al. because of various anthropogenic activities including irrigation and modern agriculture, population settlements and firewood collection and also habitat degradation. In order to make a documentation of the angiospermic vegetation of the area, an attempt has been made to prepare a preliminary checklist of the angiospermic plant species occurring in Ghagotia Union of Gazipur District. Materials and Methods The work is based on the fresh materials collected through repeated field trips (eight in total) to the area during the years of 2004 and 2005. Botanical specimens were collected, and field identification of the collected specimens were confirmed comparing with herbarium specimens at Salar Khan Herbarium (University of Dhaka) and Bangladesh National Herbarium. In some cases, standard literature, such as Hooker (1872-1897), Prain (1903), Brandis (1906), Kanjilal et al. (1934, 1938, 1939, 1940), Bor (1960), Khan (1977, 1984, 1985), Deb (1981, 1983), Matthew (1999a, 1999b, 1999c) and Uddin and Hassan (2004) were consulted for identification purposes. The specimens were mounted and deposited in the Salar Khan Herbarium, University of Dhaka for future references. Results In the present survey, a total of 187 angiospermic species under 160 genera and 65 families have been recorded from the Ghagotia Union. Magnoliopsida is represented by 50 families, 113 genera and 133 species, while Liliopsida is represented by 15 families, 47 genera and 54 species. The families have been arranged according to Cronquist (1981). The genera under each family and the species under each genus are arranged in an alphabetical order. For each species, nomenclature has been brought up to date and local name (wherever available) and a short annotation is provided. MAGNOLIOPSIDA (DICOTS) 1. Annonaceae Uvaria hamiltonii Hook. f. & Thomson, Fl. Ind.: 96 (1820). Local name: Bandor kola. A scandent shrub. 2. Lauraceae Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) C.B. Robinson in Philip. J. Sci. Bot. 6: 321 (1911). Sebifera glutinosa Lour., Fl. Cochinch.: 638 (1990). Local name: Chapaitta. A medium-sized, evergreen tree. A PRELIMINARY CHECKLIST OF THE ANGIOSPERMIC FLORA 157 3. Piperaceae Peperomia pellucida (L.) H.B.K., Nov. Gen. et. Sp. 1: 64 (1815). Piper pellucidum L., Sp. Pl. 1: 30 (1753). Local name: Luchipata. A small, annual herb. 4. Nymphaeaceae Nymphaea nouchali Burm. f., Fl. Ind.: 120 (1768). Nymphaea pubescens Willd., Sp. Pl. 2: 1154 (1799). Local name: Shapla. A perennial aquatic herb with creeping rhizome. N. rubra Roxb. ex Salisb., Parad. London 1: sub. t. 14 (1805). Local name: Ogul phul. A perennial aquatic herb with creeping rhizome. N. stellata Willd., Sp. Pl. 2: 1153 (1799). Local name: Shinduk. A perennial aquatic herb with creeping rhizome. 5. Ulmaceae Trema orientalis (L.) Bl., Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 2: 63 (1856). Celtis orientalis L., Sp. Pl.: 1044 (1753). Local name: Narsa. An evergreen, small tree. 6. Moraceae Ficus benghalensis L., Sp. Pl.: 1059 (1753). Local name: Bot. A large, spreading tree. F. heterophylla L. f., Suppl.: 442 (1781). Local name: Bhuidumur. A hispid, scandent shrub. F. rumphii Bl., Bijdr.: 437(1825). Local name: Guya assawth. A large tree. 7. Portulacaceae Portulaca oleracea L., Sp. Pl.: 445 (1753). Local name: Bara nunia. A prostrate, annual herb. 8. Chenopodiaceae Chenopodium ambrosioides L., Sp. Pl.: 219 (1753). An annual, erect herb. 9. Amaranthaceae Achyranthes aspera L., Sp. Pl. 1: 204 (1753). Local name: Apang. A perennial herb. Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb., Abh. Ges. Goett. Wiss 24: 36 (1879). Bucholzia phyloxeroides Mart., Beitr. Amar.: 107 (1825). Local name: Helencha. An annual herb. A. sessilis (L.) R. Br. ex DC., Cat. Hort. Monsp.: 77 (1813). Gomphrena sessilis L., Sp. Pl.: 225 (1753). Local name: Kantanotey. An annual, profusely branched herb. Celosia argentea L., Sp. Pl.: 205 (1753). Local name: Thainthainna. An annual, erect herb. 158 ALAM et al. 10. Polygonaceae Persicaria hydropiper (L.) Spach, Hist. Veg. 10: 536 (1841). Polygonum hydropiper L., Sp. Pl.: 361 (1753). Local name: Pakurmul. An annual herb. P. minor (Huds.) Opiz, Seenam, Rosplin, Kbeteny, Ceske: 72 (1852). Polygonum minus (Huds.), Fl. Angl. 1: 148 (1762). An annual, erect or ascending herb. Polygonum plebejum R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl.: 420 (1810). A prostrate or diffuse herb. Rumex maritimus L., Sp. Pl.: 335 (1753). Local name: Ban palang. An annual herb. 11. Dipterocarpaceae Shorea robusta Roxb. ex Gaertn. f., De Fruct. 3: 48, t. 186 (1805). Local names: Gojari, Sal. A tall, deciduous tree. 12. Tiliaceae Microcos paniculata L., Sp. Pl. 1: 514 (1753). Local name: Dattoi. A shrub or small tree. 13. Malvaceae Sida cordata (Burm. f.) Borss. in Blumea 14 (1): 182 (1966). Melochia cordata Burm. f., Fl. Ind.: 143 (1768). Local name: Junka. An annual, prostrate or ascending herb. Urena lobata L., Sp. Pl.: 692 (1753). Local name: Banokra. An undershrub. 14. Lecythidaceae Barringtonia acutangula (L.) Gaertn., Fruct. 2: 97 t. 101 (1791). Eugenia acutangula L., Sp. Pl.: 471 (1753). Local name: Hizol. A small tree. Careya arborea Roxb., Corom. Pl. 3: 14. t. 218 (1811). Local name: Gadila. A small to medium-sized, deciduous tree. 15. Flacourtiaceae Flacourtia indica (Burm. f.) Merril, Interpr. Rumph. Herb. Amb.: 377 (1917). Gmelina indica Burm. f., Fl. Ind.: 132, t. 39, f. 5 (1768). Local name: Dephoi gota. A much branched, thorny shrub. F. jangomas (Lour.) Raeusched. Nomencl. Bot. 3: 290 (1797). Stigmarota jangomas Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 2: 634 (1790). Local name: Fela gota. A middle-sized tree. 16. Cucurbitaceae Coccinia grandis (L.) Voit., Hort. Suburb. Calcut.: 59 (1845). Bryonia grandis L., Mant. Pl. 1: 126 (1767). Local names: Kawajhinga,Telakucha. A much branched, climbing or prostrate herb. A PRELIMINARY CHECKLIST OF THE ANGIOSPERMIC FLORA 159 17. Capparaceae Cleome viscosa L., Sp. Pl.: 672 (1753). Local name: Hurhuria. An erect, glandular- pubescent herb. 18. Sapotaceae Manilkara hexandra (Roxb.) Dub. in Ann. Muss. Col. Marseille, Ser. 3, 3: 9 (1915). Mimusops hexandra Roxb., Pl. Cor. 1: 16, t. 15 (1795). Local name: Khiron gota. A tree with deeply furrowed bark. 19. Mimosaceae Acacia concinna (Willd.) DC., Prodr. 2: 464 (1825). Mimosa concinna Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 1039 (1805). Local name: Banritha. A prickly shrub. Albizia chinensis (Osb.) Merr., Amer. J. Bot. 3: 575 (1916). Mimosa chinensis Osb., Degbok Ostind. Resa.: 233 (1757). Local name: Mashkala. A tall, unarmed tree. A. procera Benth. in Hook., London J. Bot. 3: 89 (1844). Local name: Koroi. A medium- sized tree. Mimosa pudica L., Sp. Pl.: 518 (1753). Local name: Lojjabati. A prickley, woody herb. 20. Caesalpiniaceae Senna sophera (L.) Roxb., Mem. N.Y. Bot. Gard. 35: 440 (1982). Cassia sophera L., Sp. Pl.: 279 (1753). Local name: Jhingi. A woody herb to undershrub. 21. Fabaceae (Papilionaceae) Crotalaria pallida Aiton, Hort. Kew, 2: 20 (1789). Local name: Bara jhanjhani. An annual herb. Desmodium heterophyllum (Willd.) DC., Prodr. 2: 334 (1825). Desmodium triflorum Wight. & Arn., Prodr.: 229 (1834). A procumbent herb. Erythrina ovalifolia Roxb. [Hort. Beng.: 53 (1814) nom. nud.], Fl. Ind. 3: 251(1832). Local name: Mandar. A deciduous, small tree. Pueraria phaseoloides (Roxb.) Benth., J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 9: 125 (1867). Dolichos phaseoloides Roxb., Fl. Ind. 3: 316 (1832). A herbaceous, pubescent climber. 22. Lythraceae Lagerstroemia parviflora Roxb., Pl. Corm. 1: 47, t. 66 (1795). Local name: Tila jarul. A small, bushy tree. L. speciosa (L.) Pers., Syn. 2: 72 (1807). Munchausia speciosa L., Mant. Pl. 2: 243 (1771). Local name: Jarul. A large, deciduous tree. 160 ALAM et al. 23. Myrtaceae Syzygium fruticosum (Roxb.) DC., Prodr. 3: 260 (1828). Eugenia fruticosa Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2: 87 (1832). Local name: Titijam. A small tree. 24. Onagraceae Ludwigia adscendens (L.) Hara, J. Jap. Bot. 28: 290 (1953). Jussiaea adscendens L., Mant. 1: 69 (1767). Local name: Keshardam. A creeping or floating herb. L. hyssopifolia (G. Don.) Exell. Garica de Orta 5: 471 (1957). Jussiaea hyssopifolia G. Don, Gen. Syst. 2: 693 (1832). A branched herb. 25. Melastomaceae Melastoma malabathricum L., Sp. Pl.: 390 (1753). Local name: Datranga. A shrub. 26. Combretaceae Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb., Pl. Corom. 2: 54, t, 198 (1805). Myrobalanus bellirica Gaertn., De. Fruct. Semi. 2: 90, t. 97 (1791). Local name: Bohera. A large tree. 27. Rhizophoraceae Carallia brachiata (Lour.) Merr., Philip. J. Sci. 15: 249 (1919). A small to medium- sized tree with erect trunk. 28. Alangiaceae Alangium salvifolium (L. f.) Wangerin in Pfreich 41: 9 (1910). Grewia salvifolia L. f. Suppl.: 409 (1781). Local name: Gugur. A small tree. 29. Loranthaceae Dendrophthoe falcata (L. f.) Etting. in Denschr. Akad. Wissench. Wien. Mathem – Naturawiss. Cl. 32: 52 (1872). Loranthus falcatus L. f., Suppl. Sp. Pl.: 221 (1781). A parasite with terete branchlets. Macrosolen cochinchinensis (Lour.) van Tiegh., Bull. Soc. B. Fr. 41: 122 (1895). Loranthus cochinchinensis Lour., Fl. Cochin. 1: 195 (1790). Local name: Chhota banda. A stout, parasitic shrub. 30. Euphorbiaceae Antidesma gaesembilla Gaertn., Fruct. 1: 189, t. 39 (1788). Local name: Khudijam. A small tree. Aporusa dioica (Roxb.) Muell.-Arg. in DC., Prodr. 15(2): 472 (1866). Alnus dioica Roxb., Fl. Ind. 3: 580 (1832). A medium-sized, evergreen tree. A. wallichii Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 350 (1885). A medium-sized tree. A PRELIMINARY CHECKLIST OF THE ANGIOSPERMIC FLORA 161 Bridelia retusa (L.) Spreng., Syst. Veg. 3: 48 (1829). Clutia retusa L., Sp. Pl.: 1042 (1753). A medium-sized tree. Croton bonplandianum Baill., Adansonia 4: 339 (1864). An annual herb. Gelonium multiflorum Roxb., Fl. Ind. 3: 832 (1832). A medium-sized tree. Jatropha curcas L., Sp. Pl.: 1006 (1753). Local name: Veron. A large, glabrous shrub or rarely small tree. J. gossypifolia L., Sp. Pl.: 1006 (1753). Local name: Lalbherenda. A small shrub. Macaranga peltata (Roxb.) Muell.-Arg. in DC., Prodr. 15(2): 1010 (1866). Osyris peltata Roxb. (1832). Local name: Pidali. A small tree. Mallotus philippensis (Lam.) Muell.-Arg. in Linnaea 34: 196 (1865). Croton philippense Lam., Encycl. Meth. B. 2: 209 (1786). A medium-sized tree. Phyllanthus reticulatus Poir. in Lam., Encycl. Meth. B. 5: 298 (1804). Local name: Sitki. A large, scandent shrub or small tree. P. urinaria L., Sp. Pl.: 982 (1753). An erect, glabrous, annual herb. Putranjiva roxburghii Wall., Tent. Fl. Nep.: 61 (1826). Local name: Phoolgach. A large tree. Ricinus communis L., Sp. Pl.: 1007 (1753). Local name: Rerhi. A shrub. Trewia nudiflora L., Sp. Pl. ed. 3: 166 (1753). Local name: Latim. A deciduous tree. 31. Leeaceae Leea aequata L., Syst. Nat. ed. 12, 2: 627 (1767). Leea hirta Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2: 469 (1824). Local name: Pagol gota gach. A shrub. 32. Sapindaceae Allophyllus cobbe Bl., Rumph. 3: 131 (1849). Local name: Chitta. A shrub. Erioglossum rubiginossum (Roxb.) Bl., Rumphia 3: 118 (1849). Sapindus rubiginossus Roxb., Fl. Corom. 1: 44. t. 62 (1795). Local name: Hanni gota. A small tree. 33. Anacardiaceae Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr. J. Arnold. Arbor. 19: 353 (1938). Dialium coromandelicum Houtt., Nat. Hist. 2: 39, t. 5, f. 2 (1774). Local name: Kaphila. A medium-sized, deciduous tree. 34. Meliaceae Aphanamixis polystachya (Wall.) Parker in Ind. For. 57: 486 (1931). Aglaia polystachya Wall. in Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2: 429 (1824). Local name: Roonna. A tree with dense spreading crown. 162 ALAM et al. Melia azedarach L., Sp. Pl.: 384 (1753). Local name: Gora nim. A medium-sized tree. 35. Rutaceae Clausena suffruticosa Wight & Arn., Prodr.: 96 (1834). A small shrub. Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) A. DC., Prodr. 1: 538 (1824). Limonia pentaphylla Retz. Obs. Bot. 5: 24 (1788). Local names: Motkila, Matmoti. A shrub or small tree. Micromelum minutum (Forst. f.) Wight & Arn., Prodr. 1: 448 (1834). Limonia minutum Forst. f., Prodr.: 33 (1786). Local name: Thullui. A bushy shrub. Zanthoxyllum rhetsa (Roxb.) DC. Prodr.: 728 (1824). Fagara rhetsa Roxb. Fl. Ind. 1: 437 (1820). Local name: Bazna. An evergreen, small tree. 36. Oxalidaceae Oxalis corniculata L., Sp. Pl.: 435 (1753). Local name: Amrul. An annual herb. 37. Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) Centella asiatica (L.) Urban in Mart., Fl. Bras. 11. 1: 287 (1879). Hydrocotyle asiatica L., Sp. Pl. : 234 (1753). Local names: Manik pata, Thankuni. A perennial, trailing herb. 38. Apocynaceae Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br. in Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. S. 1: 75 (1811). Echites scholaris L., Mant. Pl. 1: 53 (1767). Local name: Chatim. A medium-sized tree. Ervatamia coronaria (Jacq.) Stapf, Fl. Trop. Africa 4(1): 127 (1904). Nerium coronarium Jacq., Ic. Pl. Rar. 1: 5, Pl. 52 (1781). Local name: Ban marich. A shrub or small tree. Holarrhena pubescens (Buch.-Ham.) Wall. ex G. Don, Gen. Syst. 4: 95 (1837). Echites pubescens Buch.-Ham. in Trans. Linn. Soc. 13: 521(1821) Local name: Kudishar. A shrub. Wrightia arborea (Dennst.) Mabberly in Taxon 26: 533 (1977). Periploca arborea Dennst., Schlüs. H. Malabar.: 13, 23 (1818). Local name: Dhudi. A small, deciduous tree. 39. Solanaceae Nicotiana plumbaginifolia Viv., Elench. Pl. Hort. Dinergo : 26. t. (1802). A slender, erect, annual herb. Physalis minima L., Sp. Pl.: 183 (1753). An annual, glabrous, herb. Solanum lasiocarpum Dunal, Hist. Solanum: 222 (1813). Solanum indicum L. Sp. Pl.: 187 (1753). Local name: Titbegun. An under-shrub with prickles. S. torvum Sw., Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl.: 47 (1788). Local name: Bootbegun. A small shrub. A PRELIMINARY CHECKLIST OF THE ANGIOSPERMIC FLORA 163 40. Convolvulaceae Argyreia argentea (Roxb.) Choisy, Mem. Soc. Phys. Geneve. 6: 418 (1833). Lettsomea argentea Roxb., Fl. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. 2: 79 (1824). A creeping herb. Ipomoea aquatica Forsk., Fl. Aeg.-Arab.: 44 (1775). Local name: Kalmilata. A glabrous trailer on water. I. fistulosa Mart. ex Choisy in DC., Prodr. 9: 349 (1845). Local name: Dholkalmi. A fistular shrub. Merremia hederacea (Burm. f.) Hallier f., Bot. Jahrb. 18 : 118 (1994). Evolvulus hederaceus Burm. f., Fl. Ind.: 77, t. 30 (1768). Local name: Puhilot. A twinner. 41. Cuscutaceae Cuscuta reflexa Roxb., Pl. Corom. 2: 3, t. 104 (1798). Local name: Swarnalata. A fleshy parasite, forming dense yellow masses on small trees or shrubs. 42. Boraginaceae Heliotropium indicum L., Sp. Pl.: 130 (1753). Local name: Hatisur. An annual, erect herb. 43. Verbenaceae Callicarpa lanceolaria Roxb., Fl. Ind. 1: 395 (1820). A shrub. Clerodendrum indicum (L.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 506 (1891). Siphonanthus indica L. Sp. Pl. : 109 (1753). A small shrub. C. viscosum Vent., Gard. Malm. 1: t. 25 (1803). Local name: Vant. A perennial, woody herb to undershrub. Lippia javanica (Burm. f.) Spreng., Syst. 2: 752 (1825). An undershrub. Vitex negundo L. Sp. Pl. : 638 (1753). A small tree. 44. Lamiaceae (Labiatae) Anisomeles indica (L.) O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. : 512 (1891). Nepeta indica L. Sp. Pl. : 571 (1753). Annual or perennial bushy undershrub. Dysophylla crassicaulis Benth. in Wall., Pl. As. Rar. 1.: 30 (1830). An annual herb. D. verticillata Benth. in Wall., Pl. As. Rar. 1: 30 (1830). An annual herb. Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit., Ann. Mus. Par. 7: 472, t. 29 (1806). Ballota suaveolens L., Syst. Nat. ed. 10: 1100 (1859). Local name: Tokma. An aromatic herb. Leonurus japonicus Houtt., Nat. Hist. Pl. 9: 366, t. 57 (1778). Leonurus sibiricus Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 4: 678 (1885). Local name: Roktadron. An erect, stout, leafy herb. Leucas aspera Spreng., Syst. 2: 743 (1825). Local name: Dorhalash. A herb. 164 ALAM et al. L. lavandulifolia Sm. in Rees, Cyclop. 20: n. 2 (1819). Local names: Dorhalash, Shetodron. An annual, erect, branched herb. Ocimum sanctum L., Mart. 1: 85 (1867). Local name: Kalo tulshi. A much branched, soft hairy, perennial herb. 45. Scrophulariaceae Limnophylla heterophylla (Roxb.) Benth., Scroph. Ind.: 25 (1835). Columnea heterophylla Roxb., Fl. Ind. ed. 2, 3: 97 (1832). A glabous, aquatic herb. Lindernia crustacea (L.) F. Muell., Cens. Austr. Pl.: 97 (1882). Capraria crustacea L. Mant. Pl. 1: 87 (1767). A dichotomously branched, prostrate herb. 46. Bignoniaceae Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz., For. Fl. Br. Burma 2: 237 (1877). Bignonia indica L., Sp. Pl.: 625 (1753). Local name: Kanaidengi. A medium-sized tree. 47. Acanthaceae Adhatoda zeylanica Medik., Hist. & Comment. Acad. Elect. Sci. Theod. Palat. 6: 393 (1790). Adhatoda vasica Nees in Wall., Pl. As. Rar. 3: 103 (1832). Local name : Basok. A shrub. Ecbolium linneanum Kurz. in J. As. Soc. 2: 75 (1871). A shrub. Justicia gendarusa Burm. f., Fl. Ind.: 10 (1768). Local name: Bishdoloni. An undershrub. Phlogacanthus curviflorus Nees in DC., Prodr. 11: 320 (1847). A small shrub. Rungia pectinata (L.) Nees in DC., Prodr. 11: 469 (1847). Justicia pectinata L., Amoen. Acad. 4: 293 (1759). A much branched, prostrate or suberect herb. Thunbergia grandiflora (Roxb. ex Rottler) Roxb. in Bot. Reg. 6: t. 495 (1820). Flemingia grandiflora Roxb. ex. Rottler, Ges. Naturf. Freund Berlin Neue Schriften 4: 202 (1803). A climber. 48. Lentibulariaceae Utricularia aurea Lour., Fl. Cochinch.1: 26 (1790). Utricularia flexuosa Vahl. Enum. 1: 198 (1804). An aquatic insectivorous herb. 49. Rubiaceae Hymenodictyon excelsum (Roxb.) Wall. in Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2: 149 (1824). Cinchona excelsa Roxb., Fl. Corom. 2: 4. t. 106 (1799). A large tree. Ixora acuminata Roxb. [Hort. Beng.: 10 (1814) nom nud.], Fl. Ind. 1: 383 (1820). An undershrub. A PRELIMINARY CHECKLIST OF THE ANGIOSPERMIC FLORA 165 I. cuneifolia Roxb., Fl. Ind. 1: 380 (1820). An evergreen shrub. Morinda angustifolia Roxb. [Hort. Beng. 15 (1814) nom. nud.], Fl. Ind. 2: 201 (1824). An erect shrub. M. citrifolia L., DC. Prodr. 4: 446 (1830). A glabrous, small tree. Pavetta tomentosa Roxb. ex Smith in Rees, Cycl. 26: 2 (1819). A shrub. Xeromphis spinosa (Thunb.) Keay in Bull. Jard. B. Brux. 28: 37 (1958). Gardenia spinosa Thunb., Diss. Gard. n. 7. t. 2 (1780). Locol name: Monkata. A shrub with strong spines. 50. Asteraceae Ageratum conyzoides L., Sp. Pl.: 839 (1753). Local name: Hialmuti. An annual herb. Blumea lacera (Burm. f.) DC. in Wight., Contrib. Bot. Ind.: 14 (1834). Conyza lacera Burm. f., Fl. Ind.: 180, t. 59. (1768). An erect, annual, aromatic herb. Eclipta prostrata L., Mant. 2: 286 (1771). Local name: Kalokeshoti. An erect, annual herb. Enhydra fluctuans Lour., Fl. Cochinch.: 511 (1790). Local name: Helencha. A profusely branched, annual herb. Eupatorium odoratum L., Syst. Nat. ed. 10: 1205 (1759). Local names: Podina, Motmoitta. A shrub. Gnaphalium luteo-album L., subsp. affine (D. Don) Koster, Blumea 4: 484 (1941). An erect, annual herb. Grangea maderaspatana (L.) Poir., Enc. Suppl. 2: 825 (1811). Artemisia maderaspatana L., Sp. Pl.: 849 (1753). An annual herb. Mikania cordata (Burm. f.) Robinson in Contrib., Gray Herb. 104: 65 (1934). Eupatorium cordatum Burm. f., Fl. Ind.: 176 (1768). Local name: Assamlata. An annual, twining herb. Spilanthes calva DC. in Wight, Contrib. Bot. Ind.: 19 (1834). An annual herb. Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn., Fruct. 2: 456, t. 171 (1791). Verbesina nodiflora L., Cent. Pl. 1: 28 (1755). A small woody herb. Xanthium strumarium L., Sp. Pl. : 987 (1753). An erect, annual herb. LILIOPSIDA (MONOCOTS) 1. Hydrocharitaceae Blyxa octandra (Roxb.) Planch. ex Thw., Enum. Pl. Zeyl.: 332 (1864). Vallisneria octandra Roxb., Pl. Cor. 2 : 34, t. 165 (1802). A stemless, submerged herb. 166 ALAM et al. Hydrilla verticillata (L. f.) Royle, 111. Bot. Himal. t.: 376. (1839). Serpicula verticillata L. f., Suppl.: 416 (1781). An aquatic herb. 2. Aponogetonaceae Aponogeton natans (L.) Eng. & Krause in Engl. Pflan. 24: 11 (1906). Saururus natans L., Mant. 2: 227 (1771). An aquatic herb. 3. Araceae Alocasia fornicata (Roxb.) Schott, Oestr. Bot. Wochenbl. 4: 410 (1854). Arum fornicatum Roxb., Fl. Ind. 3: 501 (1832). A tuberous, coarse herb. Amorphophallus bulbifer (Roxb.) Bl., Rumphia 1: 148 (1837). Arum bulbiferum Roxb., Fl. Ind. 3: 510 (1832). Local name: Amla-Bela. A tuberous herb. Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott in Schott & Endl., Melet. Bot.: 18 (1832). Arum esculentum L., Sp. Pl.: 965 (1753). Local name: Kachu. A tall coarse herb. Pistia stratiotes L., Sp. Pl.: 963 (1753). Local name: Topapana. A floating, gregarious herb. Scindapsus officinalis (Roxb.) Schott. in Schott & Endl. Melet. Bot. 1: 21 (1832). Pothos officinalis Roxb., Fl. Ind. : 431 (1820). A scandent herb. Typhonium trilobatum (L.) Schott. in Wien., Zeitschr. 3: 72 (1829). Arum trilobatum L., Sp. Pl. : 965 (1753). A tuberous herb. 4. Commelinaceae Commelina benghalensis L., Sp. Pl. : 41 (1753). A slender herb. Murdania nudiflora (L.) Brenan, Kew Bull. 7: 189 (1952). Commelina nudiflora L., Sp. Pl.: 41 (1753). An annual, diffuse herb. 5. Cyperaceae Cyperus difformis L., Cent. Pl. 2: 6 (1756). Local name: Mutha. An annual, tufted herb. C. diffusus Vahl., Enum. Pl. 2: 321 (1806). A perennial herb. C. iria L., Sp. Pl. ed. 1. : 45 (1753). An annual or rarely perennial herb. C. tenuispica Steudl., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2: 11 (1855). An annual, occasionally short-lived perennial herb. Eleocharis retroflexa (Poir.) Urban., Symb. Ant. 2: 165 (1900). Scirpus retroflexus Poir (1804). An annual, tufted herb. Fimbristylis dichotoma (L.) Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 287 (1806). Scirpus dichotomus L. Sp. Pl.ed. 1.: 50 (1753). A perennial, rhizomatous herb. A PRELIMINARY CHECKLIST OF THE ANGIOSPERMIC FLORA 167 F. miliacea (L.) Vahl., Enum. Pl. 2: 287 (1806). Scirpus miliaceus L., Syst. Nat. ed. 10: 868 (1759). An annual or occasionally biennial, tufted herb. F. squarrosa Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 289 (1806). An annual, tufted herb. Pycreus pumilus (L.) Nees, Linnaea 9: 283 (1835). Cyperus pumilus L., Cent. Pl. 2: 6 (1756). An annual, densely tufted herb. Scleria levis Retz., Obs. Bot. 4: 13 (1786). A perennial, rhizomatous herb. 6. Poaceae (Gramineae) Axonopus compressus (Sw.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrost.: 12(154): 167 (1812). Milium compressum Sw., Prod.: 24 (1788). A tufted, perennial herb. Bambusa balcooa Roxb., Fl. Ind. 1: 196 (1820). Local name: Barakbans. A tall, stout, densely caespitose bamboo. Chrysopogon aciculatus (Retz.) Trin., Fund. Agrost. 188 (1820). Andropogon aciculatus Retz. Obs. Bot. 5. 22. (1989). A glabrous herb. Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., Syn. Pl. ed.1.: 85 (1805). Panicum dactylon L., Sp. Pl.: 58 (1753). Local name: Durba. A creeping herb. Cyrtococcum accrescens (Trin.) Stapf in Hook., Ic. Pl. t.: 3096 (1922). Panicum accrescens Trin., Sp. Gram. Ic. 1, t. 88 (1828). An annual herb. Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 53: 161 (1812). Panicum crusgalli L., Sp. Pl. ed. 1, 1: 56 (1753). Annual or perennial grass. Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn., Fruct. 1: 8 (1789). Cynusurus indicus L., Sp. Pl. ed.1.: 72 (1753). A tufted, annual herb. Eragrostis unioloides (Retz.) Nees ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 264 (1854). Poa unioloides Retz. Obs. Bot. 5: 19 (1789). An annual herb. Hemarthria protensa Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 359 (1854). Local name: Chailla. An erect to decumbent herb. Hygroryza aristata (Retz.) Nees in Wight & Arn., Edinb. New Philos. J. 15: 380 (1833) Pharus aristatus Retz., Obs. Bot. 5: 23 (1789). A floating, glabrous herb. Hymenachne pseudointerrupta C. Mueller, Bot. Zeitung (Berlin). 19: 333 (1861). An annual grass. Ichananthus vicinus (F. M. Bailey) Merr, Enum. Philipp., Fl. Pl. 1: 70 (1923). Panicum vicinus F.M. Bailey, Syn. Queens., Fl. Suppl. 3: 82 (1890). A perennial herb. Imperata cylindrica (L.) Reaeschel, Nom. Bot. ed. 3: 10 (1797). Lagurus cylindricus L., Syst. Nat. ed. 10: 878 (1759). Local name: Son. A rhizomatous, perennial grass. Leptochloa chinensis (L.) Nees, Syll. Pl. Nov. 1: 4 (1824). Poa chinensis L., Sp. Pl. ed. 1: 69 (1753). A tufted grass. 168 ALAM et al. Melocanna baccifera (Roxb.) Kurz, Prelim. Rep. For. Veg. Pegu. App. B.: 94 (1875). Bambusa baccifera Roxb., Pl. Corm. 3: 38, 243 (1819). Local name: Moli bansh. An evergreen, unarmed bamboo. Oplismenus compositus (L.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrost 54:168 (1812). Panicum compositum L., Sp. Pl. ed. 1. : 57 (1753). A perennial grass. Panicum notatum Retz., Obs. Bot. 4: 18 (1786). A tufted, perennial grass. P. repens L., Sp. Pl. ed. 2: 87 (1762). A perennial, rhizomatous grass. Paspalidium flavidum (Retz.) A. Camus in Lecomte, Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine 7: 419 (1922). Panicum flavidum Retz., Obs. Bot. 4: 15 (1786). An annual grass. Sporobolus diander (Retz.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrost.: 26: 147 (1812). Agrostis diander Retz., Obs. Bot. 5: 19 (1789). A caespitose, perennial grass. Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash in Small, Fl. South-East U.S. ed. 1: 67(1903). Phalaris zizanioides L., Mant. 2: 183 (1771). Local name: Binna. A rhizomatous, aromatic, perennial grass. 7. Zingiberaceae Curcuma zedoaria (Christm.) Rosc., Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 8: 354 (1807). Amomum zedoaria Christm. in Christm. & Panzer, Linn. Pflanesyst. 5: 12 (1779). Local name: Hoiter gach. A stemless herb with pale yellow-white rhizome. 8. Costaceae Costus speciosus (Koenig) Smith in Trans. Linn. Soc. London 1: 249 (1791). Banksea speciosa Koenig in Retz., Obs. Bot. 3: 75 (1783). A rhizomatous herb. 9. Arecaceae (Palmae) Calamus viminalis Willd., Sp. Pl. 2: 203 (1799). A thicket-forming climber. Caryota urens L., Sp. Pl.: 1189 (1753). A tall, monoecious palm. 10. Pandanaceae Pandanus fascicularis Lam. in Hook, f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 6: 485 (1894). Local name: Keya. A bushy shrub. 11. Lemnaceae Lemna perpusilla Torrey, Fl. New York. 2: 245 (1843). A small, floating aquatic herb. 12. Pontederiaceae Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms in A. DC., Mon. Phan. 4: 527 (1883). Pontederia crassipes Mart., Nov. Gen. Sp.: 9, t. 4 (1823). Local name: Kachuripana. An aquatic, free-floating herb. A PRELIMINARY CHECKLIST OF THE ANGIOSPERMIC FLORA 169 Monochoria hastata (L.) Solms. in A. DC., Mon. Phan. 4: 523 (1883). Pontederia hastata L., Sp. Pl.: 288 (1753). An aquatic, emergent herb. 13. Liliaceae Curculigo orchioides Gaertn., Fruct. 1: 63, t. 13 (1788). A slender herb with elongated rhizome. 14. Dioscoreaceae Dioscorea bellophylla (Prain) J. O. Voigt ex Haines, Forest Fl. Choto Nagpur.: 530 (1910). Dioscorea nummularia var. bellophylla Prain, Bengal Pl. 2: 802 (1903), Ind. Rep. 1963. A perennial climber. D. pentaphylla L., Sp. Pl.: 1032 (1753). A large, slender twinter. 15. Orchidaceae Vanda tessellata (Roxb.) Hook. ex G. Don in Loud., Hort. Brit.: 372 (1830). Epidendrum tessellatum Roxb., Pl. Corom. 1: 34, t. 42 (1795). An epiphytic herb. Acknowledgement The authors are grateful to Dr. M. Matiur Rahman, Director, Bangladesh National Herbarium for allowing to use herbarium facilities during the study. They also gratefully acknowledge the cooperation rendered by Dr. Mahbuba Khanam, Dr. M. Oliur Rahman and Mr. Sarder Nasir Uddin of Bangladesh National Herbarium particularly for identification of some critical specimens. The authors thank Dr. M. Oliur Rahman also for his comments on an early draft of the manuscript. References Alam, M.K. 1995. Diversity in the woody flora of Sal (Shorea robusta) forest of Bangladesh. Bangladesh J. Forest Sci. 24(1): 41-51. Brandis, D. 1906. Indian trees (2nd Repr. 1978). Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun, 767 pp. Bor, N.L. 1960. The Grasses of Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan (excluding Bambosoideae). Pergamon Press, Oxford. Cronquist, A. 1981. An integrated system of classification of flowering plants. Columbia University Press, New York, 1262 pp. Deb, D.B. 1981. The flora of Tripura State 1: 1-50. R. K. Jain, Today & Tomorrow's Printers and Publishers, New Delhi. Deb, D.B. 1983. The flora of Tripura State 2: 1-601. R. K. 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