Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 27(1): 153‒171, 2020 (June)
© 2020 Bangladesh Association of Plant Taxonomists
ANGIOSPERMS IN NARSINGDI DISTRICT OF BANGLADESH: CLASS
MAGNOLIOPSIDA
ROBAYDA KHANAM*, SALEH AHAMMAD KHAN AND MD. ABDUR RAHIM
Plant Systematics and Biodiversity Laboratory, Department of Botany,
Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Keywords: Angiosperms; Magnoliopsida; Narsingdi; Bangladesh.
Abstract
This study presents taxonomic information on 468 plant species belonging to 326
genera and 85 families of the angiospermic class Magnoliopsida (dicotyledones) from
Narsingdi district of Bangladesh. In this area, Fabaceae with 53 species of 37 genera is
the largest family, followed by Asteraceae with 25 species of 24 genera and Rubiaceae
with 21 species of 17 genera. Ficus with eight species is appeared as the largest genus,
which is followed by Persicaria and Solanum with seven species each, Lindernia with six
species, Phyllanthus with five species, and Acacia, Amaranthus, Senna, Sida and
Trichosanthes with four species each. Herbs are comprised of 230 (49.14%) species that
are followed by trees of 120 (25.64%) species, and shrubs of 118 (25.21%) species. The
similarity measured by Jaccard coefficient shows that the six upazilas of Narsingdi
district are relatively more similar (75.47%) in their species composition if they are
compared all together. However, the similarities vary from 9.03% to 50% if only two
upazilas are compared. In this district, total 333 species have been distinguished as
economically useful. The species Rauvolfia serpentina of Apocynaceae, Geophila repens
of Rubiaceae and Acmella radicans of Asteraceae have been assessed as Endangered (E)
in this district.
Introduction
Bangladesh constitutes a significant part of the South Asian Mega Centre of genetic diversity
(Chowdhury, 1996), and supports a rich biodiversity including a huge number (approx. 5000) of
Angiosperm species (Khan, 1977). However, Angiosperms of many areas of this country have so
far been poorly or partially explored or unexplored. Therefore, performing taxonomic studies in
these areas is essential to know the status of plant resources of this country.
Narsingdi is one of the central districts of Bangladesh, located at 50 km northeast of the
capital city Dhaka. Some of the previous floristic studies cover the area of the present political
boundary of Bangladesh (Prain, 1903; Hooker, 1872-1897; Ahmed et al., 2008-2009). Many other
studies were conducted in the different areas of this country (Rahman and Hassan, 1995; Rashid,
et al., 1995; Rashid and Mia, 2001; Khan and Huq 2001; Alam et al. 2006; Islam et al. 2009;
Tutul et al. 2010; Arefin et al. 2011; Rahman et al. 2012; Rahman, 2013; Sarker et al. 2013;
Rahman et al. 2015; Haque et al., 2016, 2018; Shetu et al. 2018). However, the flora and plant
diversity of Narsingdi district have not yet been studied based on field inventories and
examination of plant specimens. Moreover, this district is also one of the most risk prone areas of
Bangladesh because most of its areas harboring the natural vegetation are continuousely being
replaced by urbanization with numerous infrastructures, industrialization, habitat fragmentation,
agricultural expansion and other human interventions. Therefore, there is a great need for
conducting a detail floristic study throughout this district.
*Corresponding author, email: robaydakhanam@yahoo.com
mailto:robaydakhanam@yahoo.com
154 KHANAM et al.
This study has been carried out to construct a taxonomic checklist of the angiosperms under
the class Magnoliopsida (dicotyledones) of Narsingdi district based on thorough taxonomic
inventories throughout the area to serve as a taxonomic baseline on the current status of the
species of this plant group in this area, contribute in further studies on the change in floristic
composition, plant species diversity and vegetation, help in adopting appropriate biodiversity
conservation initiatives and promote plant resourse-based socioeconomic development projects in
this area.
Materials and Methods
Narsingdi district, comprised of an area of 1140.76 sq km and and located in between 23º46'N
and 24º15ʹN and 90º34ʹE and 90º59ʹE, is a part of the Dhaka division. It is bordered by
Kishoreganj district in the north and northeast, Brahmanbaria district in the east and southeast,
Narayanganj district in south and southwest and Gazipur district in the west. This district is
consists of six upazilas, namely Belabo, Monohardi, Narsingdi Sadar, Palash, Raipura, and
Shibpur. The area is composed of mostly plain lands including numerous agricultural fields, a vast
and densely industrial area housing many textile and jute mills etc., a huge fallow lands and
homestead areas, many low- and wet lands and some small hills. It includes a total of 89045
hectares of cultivable land and 22154 hectares of fallow land. The maximum annual average
temperature in this area is 36°C, the minimum is 12.7°C and the annual rainfall is 2376 mm. The
main rivers crossing this district are Meghna, Arial Khan, Haridhoa, Kalagachhia and Paharia.
This study was based on a thorough taxonomic inventory comprised of 32 field trips
conducted in different seasons of 2014-2019 throughout Narsingdi district. The collection,
processing, drying and preservation of plant specimens were done following standard herbarium
methods and techniques (Bridson and Forman, 1989; Singh and Subramaniam, 2008).
The representative plant specimens of all taxa were examined at Plant Systematics and
Biodiversity Laboratory of Jahangirnagar University and Bangladesh National Herbarium
(DACB). The identification of the specimens was completed consulting taxonomic descriptions
and keys available in the relevant literatures (Hooker, 1872-1897; Prain, 1903; Kanjilal et al.
1934, 1938-1940; Nasir and Ali, 1980−2005; Wu and Raven, 1994-2001; Wu et al., 1999-2013),
and by matching with the respective voucher specimens of DACB and Jahangirnagar University
Herbarium (JUH). The relevant type images available in the web pages of different international
herbaria, such the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew (K), and the Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de
la Ville de Genève (G) etc., and illustration of Flora of China (Wu and Raven, 1994-2001; Wu
et al., 1999-2013) were also matched. All voucher specimens have been preserved at JUH.
Nomenclatural informations were verified following Flora of China (Wu and Raven, 1994-
2001; Wu et al., 1999-2013), IPNI (2017), The Plant List (2013) and TROPICOS (2017). The
common names were collected from Huq (1986), Pasha and Uddin (2013), Ahmed et al. (2008-
2009) and through interviews with the local people. The families have been arranged following
Cronquist (1981), and the genera and species under each family alphabetically (Table 1). The
economic uses of the species were recorded through interviews with the local people during the
field surveys, and consulting the relevant literatures (Ghani, 1998; Van Valkenburg and
Bunyapraphatsara, 2002; Ahmed et al., 2008-2009).
The extent of similarities in species composition in six upazilas of the study area was
measured by Jaccard coefficient (Jaccard, 1912). Status of threatened plant species listed in Red
Data Book of Vascular Plants of Bangladesh (Khan et al., 2001; Ara et al., 2013) was asseesed
through field observation and estimation on population size, distribution range and regeneration of
each species in the area, collections and consulting the relevent IUCN guidelines (IUCN Standards
and Petitions Committee, 2019).
ANGIOSPERMS IN NARSINGDI DISTRICT OF BANGLADESH 155
Table 1. List of the species of Magnoliopsida (dicotyledones) extant in Narsingdi district, Bangladesh.
Scientific name Bangla name Habit Habitat Distribution Use RSE
MAGNOLIOPSIDA Brongn.
ANNONACEAE Juss.
Annona reticulata L. Nona/Ata Tree, s FL, SJ All upazilas Fr Robayda 2595
A. squamosa L. Sharifa Tree, s FL, SJ All upazilas Fr Robayda 2422
Miliusa velutina (Dunal) Hook. f. &
Thomson
Gandhi Gajari Tree, m SJ M, B, S M, T Robayda 2670
Polyalthia longifolia (Sonn.) Thwaites Debdaru Tree, l RS All upazilas O, T Robayda 697
P. suberosa (Roxb.) Thwaites Kukuriam Tree, s FL, SJ NS, B, M, S Fr Robayda 2528
LAURACEAE Juss.
Cinnamomum tamala (Buch.-Ham.) T.
Nees & Nees
Tejpata Tree, m FL M, B, S M, Sp Robayda 3054
Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) C.B. Rob. Kukur Chita Tree, m RS, SJ All upazilas M, T Robayda 2082
L. monopetala (Roxb.) Pers. Bara Kukurchita Tree, m RS, SJ All upazilas M Robayda 2072
Persea americana Mill. Avocado Tree, m RS (pl) P Fr Robayda 2959
PIPERACEAE Giseke
Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth Luchi pata Herb, er RS, FL All upazilas M Robayda 945
Piper betle L. Pan Herb, cl ML (cu) M, S, B M Robayda 1812
P. longum L. Pipul morich Herb, e RS, FL NS, B, R, S M Robayda 3032
P. sylvaticum Roxb. Bon Pan Herb,cl RS, FL All upazilas M Robayda 1223
ARISTOLOCHIACEAE Juss.
Aristolochia indica L. Ishwarmul Shrub, cl SJ B, S, M M Robayda 2505
NELUMBONACEAE A. Rich.
Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. Padma Herb, aq WL NS, P, B M Robayda 3127
NYMPHAEACEAE Salisb.
Nymphaea capensis Thunb. Nil Shapla Herb, aq WL NS, B, M, R M Robayda 2753
N. pubescens Willd. Shada Shapla Herb, aq WL All upazila M, V Robayda 2423
N. rubra Roxb. ex Salisb. Lal Shapla Herb, aq WL NS, B, R M Robayda 2751
RANUNCULACEAE Juss.
Naravelia zeylanica (L.) DC. Chagul Bati Herb, cl SJ M - Robayda 1074
MENISPERMACEAE Juss.
Stephania japonica (Thunb.) Miers Akanadi Herb, cl RS, SJ All upazilas M Robayda 2164
Tiliacora racemosa Colebr. Bhag-lata Shrub, cl SJ, FL NS, B, M, S B &Th Robayda 2106
Tinospora crispa (L.) Hook. f. &
Thomson
Gulancha Shrub, cl SJ, FL B, S, M M Robayda 2571
T. sinensis (Lour.) Merr. Padma Gulancha Shrub, cl SJ, FL B,NS, M M Robayda 2297
ULMACEAE Mirb.
Holoptelea integrifolia Planch. - Tree, m RS, SJ All upazilas - Robayda 2171
Trema orientalis (L.) Blume Jiban Tree, s RS, SJ All upazilas Fw Robayda 1365
MORACEAE Gaudich.
Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. Kathal Tree, l FL All upazilas T, F Robayda 60
A. lakoocha Wall. ex Roxb. Dewa Tree,m SJ All upazilas Fr, T, M Robayda 2268
Ficus benghalensis L. Bot Tree, m RS, SJ All upazilas O, M Robayda 1070
F. benjamina L. Pakur Tree, s RS (pl) NS, S O, Fw Robayda 2450
F. heterophylla L. f. Bhui Dumur Shrub ML, RS P, S - Robayda 1611
F. hispida L. f. Kak Dumur Tree, s SJ, RS All upazilas - Robayda 69
F. pumila L. Lata Dumur Herb,cl RS (pl) NS, B, S O Robayda 2787
F. racemosa L. Jagya Dumur Tree, s ML All upazilas T Robayda 1523
156 KHANAM et al.
Scientific name Bangla name Habit Habitat Distribution Use RSE
F. religiosa L. Ashwath Tree, l RS, FL All upazilas T Robayda 1561
F. rumphii Blume Gai Ashwath Tree, l SJ All upazilas T Robayda 1509
Morus alba L. Tut Tree, m ML M M Robayda 1266
Streblus asper Lour. Sheora Tree, s RS, ML All upazilas M Robayda 873
URTICACEAE Juss.
Dendrocnide sinuata (Blume) Chew Chuchra Shrub SJ B Fb, Fw,
M
Robayda 2172
Laportea interrupta (L.) Chew Lal Bechuti Herb, er RS, FL All upazilas M Robayda 1653
Pilea microphylla (L.) Liebm. Latamaricha Herb, pr FL All upazilas M Robayda 1466
Pouzolzia zeylanica (L.) Benn. Kullaruki Herb, er RS, FL All upazilas M Robayda 1985
CASUARINACEAE R. Br.
Casuarina equisetifolia L. Jhau Tree, l RS (pl) P, NS O, T Robayda 763
NYCTAGINACEAE Juss.
Boerhavia diffusa L. Punarnava Herb, RS All upazilas M Robayda 698
Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd. Baganbilash Shrub, cl FL (pl) All upazilas O Robayda 1939
Mirabilis jalapa L. Sandhya Maloti Herb, er RS All upazilas M Robayda 346
CACTACEAE Juss.
Opuntia dillenii (Ker Gawl.) Haw. Phanimanasa Herb, er FL (Pl) All upazilas O, M Robayda 2922
AMARANTHACEAE Juss.
Achyranthes aspera L. Apang Herb, er RS, ML All upazilas - Robayda 2152
Alternanthera paronychioides A. St.-Hil. Jhuli Khata Herb, pr RS, FL NS, B, S - Robayda 3043
A. philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb. Malancha, Henchi Herb, pr WL, ML All upazilas V Robayda 881
A. sessilis (L.) R. Br. ex DC. Sachi shak Herb, pr RS, ML All upazilas M Robayda 2568
Amaranthus lividus L. Gobura Notey Herb, er FL (cu) All upazilas V Robayda 281
A. spinosus L. Kata Nate Herb, er RS All upazilas M Robayda 1661
A. tricolor L. Data Herb, er FL (cu) All upazilas V Robayda 3137
A. viridis L. Nate Shak Herb, er RS, FL All upazilas V, M Robayda 1413
Celosia cristata L. Moragphul Herb, er FL B, S, M, P O, M Robayda 2750
Chenopodium album L. Batua shak Herb, er AF All upazilas V, M Robayda 1467
C. ambrosioides L. Chandan Betu Herb, er ML NS, B M Robayda 2017
Cyathula prostrata (L.) Blume Chaya Apang Herb, pr RS All upazilas M Robayda 1286
Deeringia amaranthoides (Lam.) Merr. Golamohani Herb, sc FL R - Robayda 3084
Gomphrena celosioides Mart. - Herb, pr RS, FL R, B - Robayda 1984
G. globosa L. Botamphul Herb, er RS NS, B O, M Robayda 2749
PORTULACACEAE Juss.
Portulaca oleracea L. Lunia Shak Herb, pr RS, FL All upazilas V Robayda 2137
P. quadrifida L. Chhoto Lunia
Shak
Herb, pr FL B, S V Robayda 2353
P. grandiflora Hook. Porchulaca Herb, pr RS All upazilas O Robayda 2508
BASELLACEAE Raf.
Basella rubra L. Pui Shak Herb, cl FL All upazilas V Robayda 1667
MOLLUGINACEAE Baril.
Glinus oppositifolius (L.) Aug. DC. Gema Shak Herb, pr RS, FL M, B, P V Robayda 1875
CARYOPHYLLACEAE Juss.
Polycarpon prostratum (Forssk.) Asch.
& Schweinf. ex Asch.
Ghima Herb, pr ML NS, B, P - Robayda 2033
Stellaria media (L.) Vill. Sada Phulki, Tara Herb, er FL M, B - Robayda 1809
POLYGONACEAE Juss.
Persicaria assamica (Meisn.) Soják Assami Bishkatali Herb, er ML NS - Robayda 2015
ANGIOSPERMS IN NARSINGDI DISTRICT OF BANGLADESH 157
Scientific name Bangla name Habit Habitat Distribution Use RSE
P. chinensis (L.) H. Gross Mohicharan Shak Herb, er RS B, M - Robayda 2914
P. hydropiper (L.) Delarbre Bishkatali Herb, er ML All upazilas M Robayda 2678
P. lanata (Roxb.) Tzvelev Shet Panimorich Herb, er ML P, B - Robayda 1621
P. lapathifolia (L.) Delarbre Panimorich Herb, er ML B, P, S M Robayda 3028
P. minor (Huds.) Opiz Chhoto Bishkatali Herb, er ML NS, P, B, S - Robayda 1169
P. orientalis (L.) Spach Baro Panimorich Herb, er WL All upazilas M Robayda 2482
Polygonum effusum Meisn. Raniphul Herb, pr ML NS, R, B M Robayda 3013
P. plebeium R. Br. Khudi Bishkatali Herb, er FL M, P, R V Robayda 1671
P. pubescens Blume Lal-Bishkatali Herb, er FL NS, S - Robayda 2949
Rumex maritimus L. Bon Palong Herb, er ML All upazilas M Robayda 1806
DILLENIACEAE Salisb.
Dillenia indica L. Chalta Tree, m SJ All upazilas Fr Robayda 1115
DIPTEROCARPACEAE Blume
Dipterocarpus turbinatus Gaertn. Garjan Tree, l Wd S T Robayda 134
CLUSIACEAE Lindl.
Calophyllum inophyllum L. Sultan Champa Tree, l RS (pl) NS O Robayda 2964
Garcinia cowa Roxb. Kau Tree, l SJ S Fr Robayda 2657
ELAEOCARPACEAE Juss.
Elaeocarpus floribundus Blume Jalpai Tree, m RS All upazilas Fr Robayda 2313
E. lanceifolius Roxb. - Tree, m FL B - Robayda 2546
TILIACEAE Juss.
Corchorus aestuans L. Banpat Herb, pr FL P M Robayda 759
C. capsularis L. Deshi-pat Shrub RS All upazilas Fb Robayda 2059
Grewia nervosa (Lour.) Panigrahi Pichandi, Datoi Tree, s RS, SJ All upazilas Fw Robayda 1969
Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq. Bon Okra Shrub RS All upazilas M Robayda 840
STERCULIACEAE Vent.
Abroma augusta (L.) L. f. Ulatkambal Shrub, FL M, B, S M Robayda 2786
Melochia corchorifolia L. Tiki Okra Herb, er RS All upazilas W Robayda 2006
Pentapetes phoenicea L. Bandhuli Shrub RS NS, S O Robayda 2784
MALVACEAE Juss.
Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench Dheros Herb, er ML (cu) All upazilas V Robayda 1220
A. moschatus Medik. Mushak-dana Shrub RS, FL B, S M Robayda 2431
Abutilon theophrasti Medik. American Pat Shrub RS NS, P, S, B Fb Robayda 2469
Bombax ceiba L. Shimul Tree, l RS, FL B, R, S, P T, Fb Robayda 1690
Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. Swet Tula, Kapok Tree, l RS NS T, Fb Robayda 3036
Fioria vitifolia (L.) Mattei Ban Carpas Herb, er RS, FL P, M, B Fb Robayda 1423
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. Jaba Shrub RS All upazilas O Robayda 1370
H. sabdariffa L. Mesta Pat Herb, er ML B, S, M, NS Fb Robayda 2238
H. surattensis L. - Herb, er ML P Fb, M Robayda 3014
Malvaviscus arboreus Cav. Morich jaba Shrub RS All upazilas O Robayda 92
Sida acuta Burm. f. Berela Herb, er RS All upazilas - Robayda 265
S. cordata (Burm. f.) Borss. Waalk. Junka Herb, er FL R, S - Robayda 878
S. cordifolia L. Berela Herb, er RS R, S, M Fb Robayda 2368
S. rhombifolia L. Lal berela Herb, er RS All upazilas M Robayda 1991
Thespesia lampas (Cav.) Dalzell & A.
Gibson
Ban Karpas Shrub SJ M, B Fb Robayda 1075
Urena lobata L. Ban okra Shrub RS All upazilas Fb Robayda 1988
LECYTHIDACEAE A. Rich.
Barringtonia acutangula (L.) Gaertn. Hijal Tree, m ML NS, B, S M Robayda 2375
158 KHANAM et al.
Scientific name Bangla name Habit Habitat Distribution Use RSE
FLACOURTIACEAE Rich. ex DC.
Flacourtia indica (Burm. f.) Merr. Beuchi Shrub SJ NS, S, M M Robayda 08
F. jangomas (Lour.) Raeusch. Paniala, Lukluki Tree, s SJ B, M, S Fr. M, T Robayda 2245
VIOLACEAE Batsch
Hybanthus enneaspermus (L.) F. Muell. Nunbora Herb, er FL R M Robayda 1947
CARICACEAE Dumort.
Carica papaya L. Pepe Tree, s ML All upazilas V,Fr, M Robayda 1505
CUCURBITACEAE Juss.
Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn. Chalkumra Herb, cl ML All upazilas V Robayda 2083
Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. &
Nakai
Tormuj Herb, cl RS NS, R Fr, M Robayda 3022
Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt Telakucha Herb, cl RS, SJ All upazilas V, M Robayda 2271
Cucumis collosus (Rottler) Cogn. Tita bangi Herb, cl RS B, M - Robayda 2604
C. melo L. Bangi/Futi Herb, cl RS NS, R, M Fr, M Robayda 2604
C. sativus L. Shasa Herb, cl FL (cu) All upazilas V Robayda 2084
Cucurbita maxima Duchesne Misti Kumra Herb, cl RS (cu) All upazilas V Robayda 1646
Gymnopetalum cochinchinense (Lour.)
Kurz
Ban Patol Herb, cl RS, SJ All upazilas - Robayda 2217
Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl. Lau/Kadu Herb, cl ML (cu) All upazilas V Robayda 1582
Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb. Zhinga Herb, cl FL (cu) All upazilas V Robayda 2300
L. cylindrica M. Roem. Dhundal Herb, cl SJ All upazilas V Robayda 2557
Momordica charantia L. Uchchhey/Korolla Herb, cl RS (cu) All upazilas V Robayda 1597
M. cochinchinensis (Lour.) Spreng. Kakrol Herb, cl SJ (cu) All upazilas V Robayda 1662
M. dioica Roxb. ex Willd. Dharkorolla Herb, cl SJ B V, M Robayda 1294
Mukia maderaspatana (L.) M. Roem. Agmukhi, Bilari Herb, cl RS B, M, S M Robayda 2475
Solena amplexicaulis (Lam.) Gandhi Rakhal Shasha Herb, cl SJ B M Robayda 2379
Trichosanthes anguina L. Chichinga Herb, cl SJ (cu) All upazilas V Robayda 2005
T. cordata Roxb. Bhuikakra Herb, cl SJ B, M M Robayda 2155
T. dioica Roxb. Patal Herb, cl SJ (cu) S, M, B M Robayda 1747
T. tricuspidata Lour. Makal Herb, cl SJ B, S, R - Robayda 2554
CAPPARACEAE Juss.
Capparis spinosa L. Kabia , Katai Shrub, cl SJ M, S Fd, M Robayda 852
Cleome rutidosperma DC. Beguni Hurhure Herb, dc RS, FL All upazilas - Robayda 1920
C. viscosa L. Halud Hurhure Herb, er RS, FL All upazilas - Robayda 2239
Crateva magna (Lour.) DC. Tikthashak,
Bonnya
Tree, m ML NS, B, R, M,
S
- Robayda 1974
BRASSICACEAE Burnett
Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Rai sarisha Herb, er RS S, B,R Ol Robayda 581
B. napus L. Sarisha Herb, er RS (cu) All upazilas Ol Robayda 1515
B. rapa L. Shalgam Herb, er RS (cu) All upazilas V Robayda 1545
Cardamine flexuosa With. - Herb, dc AF, RS P, S, R, NS - Robayda 1506
Raphanus sativus L. Mula Herb, er ML (cu) All upazilas V, M Robayda 1209
Rorippa palustris (L.) Besser Panisarisha Herb, dc RS, FL P, R, S, M - Robayda 334
MORINGACEAE Martinov
Moringa ovalifolia Dinter & Berger Sajna Tree, m RS, FL All upazilas V Robayda 1654
SAPOTACEAE Juss.
Chrysophyllum cainito L. Star Apple Tree, m RS (pl) R O Robayda 2384
Madhuca longifolia (J. Koenig ex L.) J.F.
Macbr.
Mahua Tree, l FL, SJ B, S M Robayda 2733
ANGIOSPERMS IN NARSINGDI DISTRICT OF BANGLADESH 159
Scientific name Bangla name Habit Habitat Distribution Use RSE
Mimusops elengi L. Bakul Tree, l RS (pl) P, NS, M O, T Robayda 787
EBENACEAE Gürke
Diospyros blancoi A. DC. Beelati Gab Tree, m SJ B, P, NS, M Fr, T Robayda 2737
D. malabarica (Desr.) Kostel. Deshi Gab Tree, l SJ B, S, M, NS Fr, T Robayda 2138
D. montana Roxb. Tamal Tree, s SJ P, B, R T Robayda 2251
PRIMULACEAE Batsch ex Borkh.
Ardisia humilis Vahl Chauldhoa Shrub SJ B, S, P - Robayda 1731
CRASSULACEAE J.St.-Hil.
Kalanchoe blossfeldiana Poelln. Patharkuchi Herb, er RS B, S, NS, P O Robayda 944
ROSACEAE Juss.
Rosa chinensis Jacq. Kanta Golap Shrub RS All upazilas O Robayda 2752
FABACEAE Lindl.
Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex
Benth.
Akashmoni Tree, l Wd All upazilas T Robayda 940
A. longifolia (Andrews) Willd. Hybrid Acacia Tree, s Wd B, NS, P, R T Robayda 2956
A. mangium Willd. Mangium Tree, l Wd All upazilas T Robayda 2957
A. nilotica (L.) Willd. ex Delile Babla Tree, m RS M T Robayda 1090
Aeschynomene indica L. Bhatsola Shrub RS, FL NS, P, B, R - Robayda 2716
Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. Siris, Kalo Karoi Tree, l RS All upazilas T Robayda 2097
A. lucidior (Steud.) I.C. Nielsen ex H.
Hara
Sil-Kioroi Tree, l RS B, S, P T Robayda 2919
A. richardiana King & Prain Gagan Sirish Tree, l RS All upazilas T Robayda 1471
Alysicarpus rugosus (Willd.) DC. - Herb, dc FL P, B, NS, M - Robayda 1832
Arachis hypogaea L. Cheena Badam Herb, dc AF P, NS, R Ol Robayda 2039
Bauhinia acuminata L. Sada Kanchon Tree, s RS All upazilas O Robayda 108
Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. Palash Tree, m SJ P, NS, S O, M Robayda 2430
Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) Roxb. Nata/Jhagragota Shrub RS, SJ R M Robayda 3033
C. pulcherrima (L.) Sw. Radhachura Shrub RS NS, S, P O, M Robayda 2462
Cajanus cajan (L.) Huth Arahar Shrub RS All upazilas Pu, M Robayda 1475
Calliandra surinamensis Benth. Surinam powderd
puff
Tree, s RS NS, S, P O Robayda 564
Canavalia virosa (Roxb.) Wight & Arn. Kath Shim Shrub SJ B, P, M, R V Robayda 2798
Cassia fistula L. Sonalu, Badarlathi Tree, m RS All upazilas T, M Robayda 1997
Cicer arietinum L. Chhola Herb, er AF R, B, NS, M,
S
Pu Robayda 3129
Clitoria ternatea L. Aparajita Herb, cl FL All upazilas O Robayda 671
Crotalaria pallida Aiton Jhunjhuni Herb, er RS, FL All upazilas - Robayda 417
Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. ex DC. Sissoo Gachh Tree, l RS All upazilas T Robayda 2899
D. stipulacea Roxb. Dadbari Tree, s RS S Robayda 3055
Delonix regia (Bojer ex Hook.) Raf. Krishnachura Tree, l RS All Upazilas O Robayda 2687
Derris monticola Prain - Shrub SJ NS - Robayda 2809
Desmodium gangeticum (L.) DC. Salpani Shrub RS, FL NS, P,R, S M Robayda 1712
D. gyroides (Roxb. ex Link) DC. - Shrub RS NS, P, B, M - Robayda 582
D. triflorum (L.) DC. Kulalia Herb, pr RS, FL All upazilas - Robayda 1943
Erythrina fusca Lour. Kanta Mander Tree, m RS, SJ NS, B, S, M Fw, M Robayda 1884
E. variegata L. Madar Tree, m RS, SJ B, M, S, NS Fw Robayda 2396
Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet Sheem Herb, cl FL All upazilas V, Pu Robayda 247
Lathyrus sativus L. Khesari Herb,dc ML All upazilas Pu, Fd Robayda 1593
Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit Ipil-Ipil Tree, m RS All upazilas O, Fd Robayda 1262
160 KHANAM et al.
Scientific name Bangla name Habit Habitat Distribution Use RSE
Mimosa pudica L. Lajjabati Herb, er RS, FL All upazilas M Robayda 1069
Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. Al-kushi Herb, cl RS P M Robayda 1758
Peltophorum pterocarpum (DC.) Backer
ex K. Heyne
Halud
Krishnachura,
Kanakchura
Tree, l RS NS, S, P O Robayda 2715
Phaseolus vulgaris L. Farash Bean Herb, er ML (cu) P, S, B, M V Robayda 330
Pueraria phaseoloides (Roxb.) Benth. - Herb, cl RS P, NS, B - Robayda 1498
Rhynchosia minima (L.) DC. - Herb, cl FL P - Robayda 271
Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. Randi Koroi Tree, l RS All upazilas O, T Robayda 1066
Senna alata (L.) Roxb. Dadmardan Shrub RS, SJ NS, P, S, M M Robayda 2771
S. occidentalis (L.) Link Bara Kalkasunda Herb, er RS All upazilas M Robayda 385
S. sophera (L.) Roxb. Bara Kalkasunda Shrub RS NS, R M Robayda 2945
S. tora (L.) Roxb. Chhoto
Kalkasunda
Shrub RS, FL All upazilas M Robayda 568
Sesbania bispinosa (Jacq.) W. Wight Dhaincha Shrub ML All upazilas Fd, Fw Robayda 2816
S. sesban (L.) Merr. Jyonti Shrub ML All upazilas Fd Robayda 1376
Spatholobus acuminatus Benth. Palashi lata Shrub, cl SJ S - Robayda 113
Tamarindus indica L. Tetul Tree, l RS All upazilas Fr, M Robayda 1431
Uraria lagopus DC. - Herb, er FL S, B, M - Robayda 1909
Vicia hirsuta (L.) Gray Masurechana Herb, cl RS P Fd Robayda 1464
Vigna marina (Burm.) Merr. Nonta Shim Herb, cl ML P - Robayda 2992
V. mungo (L.) Hepper Mash Kalai Herb, er ML (cu) B, M, S, R Robayda 1752
V. unguiculata (L.) Walp. Borboti Herb, cl FL All upazilas V, Pu Robayda 2522
HALORAGACEAE R. Br.
Myriophyllum tetrandrum Roxb. - Herb, aq WL NS, B, P - Robayda 178
LYTHRACEAE J.St.-Hil.
Cuphea hyssopifolia Kunth - Herb, er FL (pl) B, M, S, NS O Robayda 2524
Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers. Jarul Tree, m RS NS, P O Robayda 2447
L. indica L. Cheery Tree, s RS NS, S, P O Robayda 463
Lawsonia inermis L. Mehedi Shrub FL All upazilas Dy Robayda 2512
Rotala indica (Willd.) Koehne - Herb, aq WL NS, S - Robayda 1158
R. rotundifolia (Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb.)
Koehne
- Herb, er WL All upazilas - Robayda 1891
MYRTACEAE Juss.
Callistemon citrinus (Curtis) Skeels Bottle Brush Tree, s RS (pl) P, NS O Robayda 686
Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. Eucalyptus Tree, l RS, Wd
(pl)
P, S, NS O, T Robayda 2906
E. citriodora Hook. Eucalyptus Tree, l RS, Wd
(pl)
All upazilas O, T Robayda 1097
Psidium guajava L. Peara Tree, m ML All upazilas Fr Robayda 1526
Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels Kalo Jam Tree, l FL, RS All upazilas Fr Robayda 111
S. fruticosum Roxb. ex DC. Banjam Tree, s SJ S, NS, M, B Fw, Fd Robayda 362
S. jambos (L.) Alston Golab-Jam Tree, s SJ, FL All upazilas Fw Robayda 1368
S. samarangense (Blume) Merr. & L.M.
Perry
Jamrul Tree, s All upazilas Fr Robayda 1487
PUNICACEAE Bercht. & J. Presl
Punica granatum L. Dalim Tree, s FL All upazilas Fr Robayda 2515
ONAGRACEAE Juss.
Ludwigia adscendens (L.) H. Hara Keshordam Herb, aq WL All upazilas M Robayda 1234
L. hyssopifolia (G. Don) Exell Jhilmarich Herb, er WL, AF All upazilas - Robayda 139
ANGIOSPERMS IN NARSINGDI DISTRICT OF BANGLADESH 161
Scientific name Bangla name Habit Habitat Distribution Use RSE
MELASTOMATACEAE Juss.
Melastoma malabathricum L. Ban tejpata Shrub RS, SJ NS, S, B M Robayda 123
COMBRETACEAE R. Br.
Combretum indicum (L.) DeFilipps Madhurilata Shrub, cl SJ M, B, NS, P O Robayda 2448
Terminalia arjuna (Roxb. ex DC.) Wight
& Arn.
Arjun Tree, l RS All upazilas M, T Robayda 2738
T. catappa L. Kathbadam Tree, m RS All upazilas M, T Robayda 1109
T. chebula Retz. Haritoki Tree, m SJ B, M M Robayda 2832
CORNACEAE Bercht. ex J. Presl
Alangium salviifolium (L. f.) Wangerin Akarkanta , Aikha Tree, s RS B, NS, P, M M Robayda 660
RHIZOPHORACEAE Pers.
Carallia brachiata (Lour.) Merr. Tree Roscow Tree, m RS, SJ B, NS, M, S T, M Robayda 2163
OLACACEAE Juss. ex R. Br.
Olax acuminata Wall. ex Benth. Capsule gach Shrub SJ S M Robayda 56
LORANTHACEAE Juss.
Dendrophthoe falcata Ettingsh. Bajrangi Shrub T. T., SP P, S, M, R - Robayda 2693
D. pentandra (L.) Miq. - Shrub T. T., SP P - Robayda 2969
Viscum monoicum Roxb. ex DC. Bhanda Shrub, ps T. T., SP NS, P - Robayda 2712
EUPHORBIACEAE Juss.
Acalypha indica L. Muktajhuri Herb, er RS, FL B, P, NS, M M Robayda 1935
Chrozophora rottleri (Geiseler) A. Juss.
ex Spreng.
Khudi Okra Herb, er RS NS, S, R - Robayda 550
Cnesmone javanica Blume Pahari Bichhuti Shrub SJ P, NS - Robayda 51
Codiaeum variegatum (L.) Rumph. ex A.
Juss.
Patabahar Shrub FL (pl) All upazilas O Robayda 1497
Croton bonplandianus Baill. Mircha Herb, er RS, FL All upazilas M Robayda 1399
C. caudatus Geiseler Sabarjala Shrub SJ S, B, M, R M Robayda 68
Euphorbia hirta L. Dudhia Herb, er RS All upazilas M Robayda 2073
E. neriifolia L. Mansasij Shrub SJ B, S, M, P M Robayda 1442
E. thymifolia L. Dudhiya Herb, pr RS All upazilas - Robayda 2009
Jatropha curcas L. Baghverenda Shrub RS, FL B M Robayda 2609
J. gossypifolia L. Lalbherenda Shrub RS P, NS, B M Robayda 848
Macaranga peltata (Roxb.) Müll. Arg. Ratabura Tree, s RS, SJ All upazilas - Robayda 1700
Mallotus philippensis (Lam.) Müll. Arg. Kamalaguli Shrub RS, SJ B, S, M M Robayda 2198
M. repandus (Rottler) Müll. Arg. Gunti Tree, s SJ B, S, M M Robayda 2382
Pedilanthus tithymaloides (L.) Poit. Berachita Shrub FL B, NS, R, P O Robayda 2843
Ricinus communis L. Verenda Shrub RS All upazilas M Robayda 1996
Suregada multiflora (A. Juss.) Baill. Ban-narenga Tree, s RS, SJ B, S, NS, M T Robayda 1686
Trewia nudiflora L. Meragota Tree, m ML All upazilas M Robayda 1990
PHYLLANTHACEAE Martinov
Aporosa dioica (Roxb.) Müll. Arg. Pat khorolla Tree, s SJ S, M, P, NS - Robayda 115
Baccaurea ramiflora Lour. Latkan Tree, m FL B, S Fr Robayda 2145
Breynia vitis-idaea (Burm. f.) C.E.C.
Fisch.
Lal Sitka Shrub SJ All upazilas - Robayda 2319
Bridelia tomentosa Blume Khoi Shrub SJ S, B - Robayda 137
Flueggea virosa (Roxb. ex Willd.) Royle Shikori Shrub RS, SJ All upazilas M Robayda 2356
Glochidion lanceolarium (Roxb.) Voigt Anguti Tree, s RS, SJ All upazilas - Robayda 2538
Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels Orboroi Shrub RS NS, B, M Fr Robayda 3107
P. emblica L. Amloki Tree, m RS All upazilas Fr Robayda 604
162 KHANAM et al.
Scientific name Bangla name Habit Habitat Distribution Use RSE
P. niruri L. Bhui amla Herb, er RS All upazilas M Robayda 154
P. reticulatus Poir. Chhitki Shrub FL, RS All upazilas M Robayda 2004
P. urinaria L. Hajarmoni Herb, er FL, RS All upazilas M Robayda 2391
RHAMNACEAE Juss.
Gouania leptostachya DC. - Shrub, cl SJ B - Robayda 2292
Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. Boroi Tree, m RS, FL All upazilas Fr Robayda 1528
Z. oenopolia (L.) Mill. Bon boroi Shrub SJ B, S, M Fd Robayda 118
VITACEAE Juss.
Ampelocissus barbata (Wall.) Planch. Jarila Lahari Shrub, cl SJ B, S, M, NS - Robayda 2330
A. latifolia (Roxb.) Planch. Gowalia lata Herb, cl SJ B, S, M - Robayda 2211
Cissus adnata Roxb. Alianga-lata Shrub, cl SJ B, NS - Robayda 1326
C. quadrangularis L. Harjora Lata Herb, cl RS NS, M M Robayda 2923
Leea alata Edgew. - Shrub SJ B, S - Robayda 2260
L. asiatica (L.) Ridsdale Banchalita Shrub SJ S, M - Robayda 1241
L. indica (Burm. f.) Merr. Kukur jihwa Shrub SJ S M Robayda 2261
Tetrastigma angustifolium (Roxb.)
Planch.
Nekung riubi Herb, cl RS R - Robayda 3133
T. leucostaphylum (Dennst.) Alston Horina -lata Shrub, cl RS All upazilas - Robayda 2660
Vitis vinifera L. Angur Shrub, cl ML NS, S, B, M Fr Robayda 2520
MALPIGHIACEAE Juss.
Hiptage benghalensis (L.) Kurz Madhabilata Shrub, cl SJ S M Robayda 110
SAPINDACEAE Juss.
Allophylus cobbe (L.) Forsyth f. Rakhalchita Shrub SJ B, S Fw Robayda 2277
Dimocarpus longan Lour. Kathlichu, Ashfal Tree, m SJ B, S, M - Robayda 2545
Lepisanthes rubiginosa (Roxb.) Leenh. Baraharina Tree, s SJ, FL B, P, NS, S,
M
Fw Robayda 2087
L. senegalensis (Juss. ex Poir.) Leenh. Amjam Shrub, SJ S, M, P Fw Robayda 2279
Litchi chinensis Sonn. Lichu Tree, l ML All upazilas Fr Robayda 1425
BURSERACEAE Kunth
Protium serratum (Wall. ex Colebr.)
Engl.
Chitrica Tree, m SJ S T Robayda 3053
ANACARDIACEAE R. Br.
Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr. Jiga, Kafila Tree, m RS, ML All upazilas T, Fd Robayda 2135
Mangifera indica L. Aam Tree, l FL All upazilas Fr, T Robayda 1444
Spondias pinnata (L. f.) Kurz Amra Tree, l RS S, M Fr Robayda 2907
S. purpurea L. Beelati Amra Tree, m FL (pl) All upazilas Fr, M Robayda 752
MELIACEAE Juss.
Aphanamixis polystachya (Wall.) R.
Parker
Pitraj, Roina Tree, m RS, SJ All upazilas T, M Robayda 2242
Azadirachta indica A. Juss. Nim Tree, l RS, FL All upazilas T, M Robayda 1450
Melia azedarach L. Goranim Tree, m RS All upazilas T Robayda 1957
Swietenia macrophylla King Bara Mehagoni Tree, l Wd, RS All upazilas T Robayda 2283
S. mahagoni (L.) Jacq. Mehogoni Tree, l Wd, RS All upazilas T Robayda 381
Toona ciliata M. Roem. Toon Tree, m SJ S, B, M T Robayda 22
RUTACEAE Juss.
Aegle marmelos (L.) Corrêa Bel Tree, m FL All upazilas Fr, M Robayda 894
Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck Gora lebu Shrub RS All upazilas Fr Robayda 342
C. maxima (Burm.) Merr. Jambura Tree, l FL All upazilas Fr Robayda 1925
C. medica L. Lebu Shrub FL All upazilas Fr Robayda 1560
ANGIOSPERMS IN NARSINGDI DISTRICT OF BANGLADESH 163
Scientific name Bangla name Habit Habitat Distribution Use RSE
Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) DC. Motkila Shrub RS, FL All upazilas M Robayda 1982
Limonia acidissima L. Kothbel Tree, l RS NS, S, B Fr Robayda 2722
Micromelum minutum Wight & Arn. Koroiphula Tree, s SJ B, S, M - Robayda 2259
Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng. Currypata Tree, s RS, SJ B, S, M M Robayda 1298
M. paniculata (L.) Jack Kamini Tree, s RS All upazilas O, M Robayda 780
Zanthoxylum rhetsa DC Bajna Tree, m SJ All upazilas Ol, T Robayda 2400
OXALIDACEAE R. Br.
Averrhoa bilimbi L. Bilimbi Tree, s FL NS, B, M Fr Robayda 2089
A. carambola L. Kamranga Tree, m RS All upazilas Fr, M Robayda 632
Oxalis corniculata L. Amrul Herb, pr FL, AF All upazilas M, V Robayda 1823
BALSAMINACEAE A. Rich.
Impatiens balsamina L. Dopati Herb, er RS P, B, M O Robayda 2756
APIACEAE Lindl.
Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. Thankuni Herb, pr FL, RS All upazilas M, V Robayda 1279
Coriandrum sativum L. Dhonia Herb, er ML (cu) B, S, NS, R Sp, M Robayda 1207
Daucus carota L. Gazor Herb, er ML (cu) P, NS, S V Robayda 322
Eryngium foetidum L. Beelati Dhonia Herb, er FL All upazilas Sp Robayda 1522
Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam. - Herb, cr FL M - Robayda 1699
APOCYNACEAE Juss.
Allamanda cathartica L. Alakananda Shrub RS (pl) NS, S O Robayda 2764
Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br. Chhatim Tree, m SJ, FL All upazilas M Robayda 1972
Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don Nayantara Herb,er RS All upazilas O, M Robayda 605
Carissa carandas L. Karamcha Shrub FL (pl) B, S, NS, M Fr, M Robayda 1418
Holarrhena antidysenterica (L.) Wall. ex
A. DC.
Kurchi Shrub SJ S M Robayda 387
Ichnocarpus frutescens (L.) W.T. Aiton Shyamalata Shrub, cl SJ NS, S, M, B M Robayda 2357
Nerium oleander L. Raktakarabi Shrub RS NS, S O Robayda 2788
Plumeria alba L. Gulachin Tree, s RS NS, S, B O Robayda 3128
Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. ex
Kurz
Sarpagandha Herb, er SJ B M Robayda 2921
Tabernaemontana divaricata (L.) R. Br.
ex Roem. & Schult.
Tagar Shrub RS, SJ B, S, M, NS O, M Robayda 01
ASCLEPIADACEAE Borkh.
Calotropis gigantea (L.) W.T. Aiton Akand Shrub RS, SJ NS M Robayda 3061
C. procera (Aiton) W.T. Aiton Akand Shrub RS, SJ NS, S, B, M M Robayda 1547
Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br. ex
Schult.
Anantamul Shrub ,tw FL P, NS M Robayda 1510
Marsdenia tenacissima (Roxb.) Moon Jitti, Chitti Shrub ,tw ML, SJ B, S, M M Robayda 2651
Telosma cordata (Burm. f.) Merr. Kanja Lata Shrub ,tw SJ NS Fb Robayda 2813
Dregea volubilis (L.f.) Benth. ex Hook.f. Madhumaloti Shrub, tw RS, SJ NS, R - Robayda 3108
SOLANACEAE Juss.
Capsicum frutescens L. Lanka Morich Herb, er ML (cu) All upazilas V, Sp Robayda 232
Cestrum nocturnum L. Hasnahena Shrub RS All upazilas O Robayda 2518
Datura metel L. Dhutura Herb, er FL, RS All upazilas M Robayda 850
Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. Tomato Herb, er ML (cu) All upazilas V Robayda 321
Nicotiana plumbaginifolia Viv. Bon Tamak Herb, er FL P, NS, B - Robayda 1594
Physalis angulata L. Fotka Herb, er FL P, S, NS M Robayda 2719
P. minima L. Fotka Herb, er FL All upazilas M Robayda 1635
Solanum americanum Mill. Tit Begun Herb, er FL P, S - Robayda 2962
164 KHANAM et al.
Scientific name Bangla name Habit Habitat Distribution Use RSE
S. erianthum D. Don - Shrub SJ B, S, M - Robayda 2359
S. melongena L. Begun Herb, er FL (cu) All upazilas V Robayda 1600
S. nigrum L. Tit Begun Herb, er FL B, S, M - Robayda 1340
S. sisymbriifolium Lam. Kanta begun Herb, er RS All upazilas - Robayda 1794
S. torvum Sw. Gota Begun Shrub RS, FL B, S, M - Robayda 769
S. tuberosum L. Aaloo Herb, er ML (cu) All upazilas V Robayda 1507
CONVOLVULACEAE Juss.
Argyreia capitiformis (Poir.) Ooststr. - Shrub SJ, RS P - Robayda 2976
A. nervosa (Burm. f.) Bojer Bara Dudhi Shrub, cl SJ, RS P, B, S, M - Robayda 2624
A. roxburghii (Wall.) Arn. ex Choisy - Shrub SJ NS - Robayda 2885
Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. Sharnalata Herb, ps RS All upazilas - Robayda 485
Evolvulus nummularius (L.) L. Bhui Okra Herb RS, FL All upazilas - Robayda 243
Ipomoea aquatica Forssk. Kalmi Shak Herb WL All upazilas V Robayda 1204
I. batatas (L.) Lam. Misti Aloo Herb ML (cu) All upazilas V Robayda 1486
I. fistulosa Mart. ex Choisy Dhol kalmi Shrub ML, RS All upazilas - Robayda 1989
Jacquemontia paniculata (Burm. f.)
Hallier f.
- Herb, tw SJ P,NS - Robayda 809
Merremia hederacea (Burm. f.) Hallier
f.
Kaladana Herb, cl RS, SJ P - Robayda 838
M. umbellata (L.) Hallier f. Sada kalmi Herb, cl RS, SJ All upazilas - Robayda 2392
MENYANTHACEAE Dumort.
Nymphoides hydrophylla (Lour.) Kuntze - Herb, aq WL P, S, M - Robayda 2731
N. indica (L.) Kuntze Chandmala Herb, aq WL B, S, R - Robayda 3059
HYDROPHYLLACEAE R. Br.
Hydrolea zeylanica (L.) Vahl - Herb, pr WL S, M - Robayda 164
BORAGINACEAE Juss.
Cordia dichotoma G. Forst. Bohal, Boula Tree, l SJ S, NS T, M Robayda 527
C. serrata Juss. ex Lam. - Tree, s SJ B, M, S Fw Robayda 1318
Ehretia acuminata R.Br. Kala-aja, Kala-
huja
Tree, s RS, SJ All upazilas M Robayda 2435
Heliotropium indicum L. Hatisur Herb, er FL All upazilas M Robayda 1865
VERBENACEAE J.St.-Hil.
Duranta erecta L. Kanta mehendi Shrub RS All upazilas O Robayda 925
Lantana camara L. Lantana, Kutus
Kanta
Shrub RS, FL All upazilas O Robayda 1585
Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E. Br. ex Britton &
P. Wilson
Pichas ban Shrub RS, ML All upazilas - Robayda 2071
Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene Bhuiokra Herb, dc ML P, B, NS, R M Robayda 1856
LAMIACEAE Martinov
Anisomeles indica (L.) Kuntze Gobura Herb, er RS, FL B, S, M M Robayda 2470
Callicarpa macrophylla Vahl Bormala Shrub SJ B M Robayda 2219
Clerodendrum chinense (Osbeck) Mabb. Hazari beli Shrub SJ B, S, M O Robayda 2365
C. indicum (L.) Kuntze Bamunhatti Shrub SJ, ML B, S, M M, O Robayda 2218
C. infortunatum L. Bhat,Ghetu Shrub RS, ML All upazilas M Robayda 1973
Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. Patabahar Herb, er ML (pl) All upazilas O Robayda 744
Gmelina arborea Roxb. Gamari Tree, l SJ, FL B, S, M T Robayda 2740
Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. Tokma Herb, er RS, FL All upazilas M Robayda 1855
Leonurus sibiricus L. Roktodron Herb, er RS All upazilas M Robayda 2364
Leucas aspera (Willd.) Link Shetadron Herb, er AF, RS,
FL
All upazilas M Robayda 1810
ANGIOSPERMS IN NARSINGDI DISTRICT OF BANGLADESH 165
Scientific name Bangla name Habit Habitat Distribution Use RSE
L. indica (L.) R. Br. ex Sm. Shetadron Herb, er AF, RS,
FL
B, R M Robayda 3065
Mentha arvensis L. Pudina Herb, pr FL (cu) P, NS V, M Robayda 344
Ocimum americanum L. Ban Tulsi Herb, er FL R, M, B M Robayda 1006
O. tenuiflorum L. Tulsi Herb, er FL All upazilas M Robayda 2575
Pogostemon auricularius (L.) Hassk. - Herb, er RS S - Robayda 2537
P. quadrifolius (Benth.) F. Muell. - Herb, er ML M - Robayda 916
P. stellatus (Lour.) Kuntze - Herb, er WL R - Robayda 3131
Premna esculenta Roxb. Lalana Shrub SJ B - Robayda 2231
Tectona grandis L. f. Segun Tree, l RS, Wd B, S, P, R T Robayda 642
Volkameria inermis L. Banjui Shrub RS, ML M O, M Robayda 2711
OLEACEAE Hoffeanns. & Link
Jasminum multiflorum (Burm. f.)
Andrews
Chameli Shrub RS (pl) NS, S O Robayda 2762
J. sambac (L.) Aiton Beli Shrub SJ B, S, M O Robayda 1084
Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L. Sheuli Tree, s FL, SJ All upazilas O Robayda 735
PLANTAGINACEAE Juss.
Limnophila aromatica (Lam.) Merr. Pani karpur Herb, er AF S, R, M, B - Robayda 1165
L. repens (Benth.) Benth. - Herb, er AF S - Robayda 131
L. sessiliflora Blume - Herb, er AF S, B, M - Robayda 130
Mecardonia procumbens (Mill.) Small - Herb, er FL, AF P, B, M - Robayda 832
Scoparia dulcis L. Bandhane Herb, er FL, RS All upazilas M Robayda 2345
LINDERNIACEAE Borsch, Kai Müll.
& Eb. Fisch.
Lindernia anagallis (Burm.f.) Pennell - Herb, pr AF, ML B, S, M, P - Robayda 1630
L. antipoda (L.) Alston - Herb, pr RS, AF All upazilas - Robayda 168
L. crustacea (L.) F. Muell. - Herb, pr RS, FL All upazilas M Robayda 2485
L. rotundifolia (L.) Alston - Herb, pr AF, ML All upazilas - Robayda 2465
L. ruellioides (Colsm.) Pennell - Herb, pr ML M - Robayda 2533
L. viscosa (Hornem.) Merr. - Herb, er RS P - Robayda 3011
MAZACEAE Reveal
Mazus pumilus (Burm. f.) Steenis - Herb, er RS P, R, S - Robayda 1427
ACANTHACEAE Juss.
Dipteracanthus prostratus (Poir.) Nees - Herb, er RS B, NS, P, M M Robayda 1683
Ecbolium ligustrinum (Vahl) Vollesen Udujati Shrub SJ B M Robayda 2246
Hemigraphis hirta T. Anderson Buripan Herb, er RS, FL P, B, M - Robayda 290
Hygrophila phlomoides Nees - Herb, er AF P M Robayda 1578
H. polysperma (Roxb.) T. Anderson - Herb, er WL, AF S, B, M - Robayda 1166
Justicia adhatoda L. Basak Shrub SJ, RS B, S, M, NS M Robayda 643
J. diffusa Willd. - Herb, pr RS R - Robayda 3097
J. gendarussa Burm. f. Jagatmadan Shrub FL All upazilas M Robayda 87
Lepidagathis inaequalis C.B. Clarke ex
Elmer
- Herb, pr RS NS - Robayda 2857
Nelsonia canescens (Lam.) Spreng. Paramul Herb, pr RS All upazilas - Robayda 42
Phaulopsis imbricata (Forssk.) Sweet - Herb, pr RS All upazilas - Robayda 1369
Phlogacanthus curviflorus (Wall.) Nees - Shrub SJ B, M O Robayda 2129
Ruellia tuberosa L. Chotpoty Herb, er RS B, M M Robayda 2791
Rungia pectinata (L.) Nees Pindi Herb, er RS All upazilas M Robayda 88
Staurogyne argentea Wall. - Herb, er FL NS - Robayda 2932
166 KHANAM et al.
Scientific name Bangla name Habit Habitat Distribution Use RSE
Thunbergia erecta (Benth.) T. Anderson Nil Ghanta Shrub RS B O Robayda 2414
T. grandiflora Roxb. Nil lata Herb, cl SJ S - Robayda 91
PEDALIACEAE R. Br.
Sesamum indicum L. Til Herb, er RS NS, R, B, S Ol Robayda 2086
BIGNONIACEAE Juss.
Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz Kanaidingi, Sona Tree, m SJ M, NS, S M Robayda 2224
LENTIBULARIACEAE Rich.
Utricularia foliosa L. Jhangi Herb, aq WL All upazilas - Robayda 2732
CAMPALUNACEAE Juss.
Lobelia radicans Thunb. - Herb, er FL P, B, R,M M Robayda 2258
L.terminalis C.B. Clarke - Herb, pr AF M - Robayda 1173
RUBIACEAE Juss.
Borreria ocymoides (Burm. f.) DC. - Herb, er ML P, B - Robayda 3009
Catunaregam spinosa (Thunb.) Tirveng. Monkata Shrub SJ S, M - Robayda 2902
Chassalia curviflora (Wall.) Thwaites Hel Gass Shrub SJ B - Robayda 2212
Coffea benghalensis B. Heyne ex Schult. Bancofee Shrub SJ All upazilas - Robayda 2151
Dentella serpyllifolia Wall. ex Craib Bhuipat Herb, pr FL All upazilas - Robayda 2214
Gardenia jasminoides J. Ellis Gandharaj Shrub SJ, RS All upazilas O Robayda 464
Geophila repens (L.) I.M. Johnst. Koodi Munkooni Herb, pr SJ B, M M Robayda 2118
Hedyotis corymbosa (L.) Lam. Khet papra Herb, pr FL All upazilas M Robayda 1945
H. diffusa Willd. - Herb, pr RS, ML All upazilas - Robayda 2639
Hymenodictyon orixense (Roxb.) Mabb. Bhutum Tree, m RS M T Robayda 2622
Ixora acuminata Roxb. Rangan Shrub SJ S, M -
I. chinensis Lam. Rangan Shrub RS (pl) All upazilas O Robayda 627
I. cuneifolia Roxb. Rangan Shrub SJ B, S, M - Robayda 1722
Meyna spinosa Roxb. ex Link Monkata Shrub SJ S, NS, R - Robayda 61
Morinda angustifolia Roxb. Daru haridra,
Banomali
Shrub SJ B, S, M M Robayda 06
Mussaenda erythrophylla Schumach. &
Thonn.
Machhenda Shrub RS (pl) NS, S O Robayda 2767
Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser Kadam Tree, m RS All upazilas O Robayda 1359
Psychotria monticola Kurz - Shrub SJ B - Robayda 2326
Richardia scabra L. - Herb, pr FL, RS P, R - Robayda 2215
Spermacoce articularis L. f. Ahtharogia Herb, er FL, RS All upazilas - Robayda 773
S. latifolia Aubl. Ghuiojhil shak Herb, er FL, RS All upazilas - Robayda 2236
ASTERACEAE Bercht. & J. Presl
Acmella radicans (Jacq.) R.K. Jansen - Herb, er RS S - Robayda 1670
Ageratum conyzoides L. Fulkuri Herb, er RS All upazilas - Robayda 1976
Blumea densiflora DC. Kukshim Herb, er RS, FL P, S, NS - Robayda 263
B. membranacea DC. Kukshim Herb, er RS, FL All upazilas - Robayda 1808
Centipeda minima (L.) A. Braun & Asch. Nakchikni Herb, pr WL, ML S, NS, P - Robayda 1672
Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M. King &
H. Rob.
Asamlata Shrub RS, SJ All upazilas M Robayda 1928
Cosmos sulphureus Cav. Cosmos Herb, er RS All upazilas O Robayda 2759
Cotula hemisphaerica (Roxb.) Wall. ex
Benth.
Babuni Herb, pr ML S, NS, B, M - Robayda 1161
Crassocephalum crepidioides (Benth.) S.
Moore
- Herb, er AF,FL P - Robayda 2235
Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk. Kalo keshi Herb, pr FL, RS All upazilas M Robayda 2306
ANGIOSPERMS IN NARSINGDI DISTRICT OF BANGLADESH 167
Scientific name Bangla name Habit Habitat Distribution Use RSE
Elephantopus scaber L. Hastipadi Herb, er FL M, S M Robayda 54
Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC. Mechitra Herb, er RS NS, P - Robayda 2460
Enydra fluctuans DC. Helencha Herb, aq WL All upazilas V Robayda 1216
Gnaphalium luteoalbum L. Bara Kamra Herb, er ML, AF All upazilas - Robayda 194
Grangea maderaspatana (L.) Poir. Nemuti Herb, pr ML NS, P, B, S M Robayda 169
Mikania cordata (Burm. f.) B.L. Rob. Taralata Herb, cl RS, SJ All upazilas M Robayda 1986
Parthenium hysterophorus L. - Herb, er RS NS - Robayda 2967
Pseudelephantopus spicatus (B. Juss. ex
Aubl.) C.F. Baker
- Herb, er RS, FL P, NS, B, S,
M
- Robayda 1791
Sonchus wightianus DC. - Herb, er FL P - Robayda 1760
Spilanthes calva DC. Surja kannya Herb, dc FL, RS All upazilas M Robayda 2177
Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn. Nakphul Herb, er FL, RS All upazilas M Robayda 1824
Tridax procumbens L. Tridhara Herb, pc RS All upazilas M Robayda 1919
Vernonia cinerea (L.) Less. Shialmutra Herb, er RS, FL All upazilas - Robayda 1389
Wedelia trilobata (L.) Hitchc. Baharibhringaraj Herb, pc RS, FL B, NS O Robayda 2455
Xanthium indicum J. Koenig ex Roxb. Ghagra Herb, er ML P, B, M, S M Robayda 933
LEGEND: Habit. aq = aquatic, cl = climbing, dc = decumbent, er = erect , l = large, m = medium, pc = procumbent, pr =
prostrate, ps = parasitic, s = small, sc = scandent, tw = twiner. Habitat. AF = Agricultural Field, cu = Cultivated, FL =
Fallow Land, ML = Marginal Land, Pl = Planted, RS = Roadsides, SJ = Scrub Jungle, SP = Semi Parasitic, TT = Tree
Trunk, WL = Wet Land, WD = Wood Land. Distrib. = Distribution. B = Belabo, M = Monohordi, NS = Narsingdi Sadar, P
= Palash, R = Raipura, S = Shibpur. Use. B & Th = Binding & Thatching Material, Dy = dye, Fb = Fiber, Fd = fodder, Fr =
Fruit, Fw = Fuel Wood, M = Medicine, O = Ornamental, Ol = Oil, Pu = pulse, Sp = Spice, T = Timber, and V = Vegetable.
RSE = Representative Specimens Examined.
Results and Discussion
This study has confirmed the occurrence of total 468 species of dicotyledons (Magnoliopsida)
under 326 genera and 85 families in Narsingdi district. Among these families, 30 were represented
by single species each and only 17 by more than 10 (10-53) species. Fabaceae with 53 species of
37 genera was recognized as the largest family in this study area, followed by Asteraceae with 25
species under 24 genera and Rubiaceae with 21 species of 17 genera. Ficus L. with eight species
was the largest genus in this area, which was followed by Persicaria (L.) Mill. and Solanum L.
with seven species each and Lindernia All. with six species, Phyllanthus L. with five species and
Acacia Mill., Amaranthus L., Senna Mill., Sida L. and Trichosanthes L. with four species each.
Rest of the families were consisted of two or three species each. These data on the genera and
species indicate that Narsingdi district is still rich in dicotyledons. The study area was dominated
by the herbs, comprised of 230 (49.14%) species that were followed by the trees of 120 (25.64%)
species, and the shrubs of 118 (25.21%) species. In this area, the roadsides, harbouring the highest
number of species (226 species), were the most common type of habitat and the agricultural fields
with relatively lower number of species (19 species) were the occasional habitat.
In Narsingdi district, total 200 species were commonly distributed in its all upazilas, 58
species in two upazilas, 83 species in three upazilas, 58 species in four upazilas and only four
species in five upazilas. 14 species exclusively occured in Palash, 13 in each of Belabo and
Shibpur, 10 in Narsingdi Sadar, nine in Monohordi and only six in Raipura upazila. Belabo
upazila accommodated total 351 species, which was followed by Shibpur, Monohordi, Narsingdi
Sadar, Palash and Raipura upazilas harbouring 344, 317, 313, 291 and 248 species, respectively.
Based on these data, the dicotyledonous flora was considered relatively richer in Belabo, Shibpur,
Monohordi and Narsingdi Sadar upazilas, in comparison to those of Palash and Raipura upazilas.
However, if these species enumeration are considered in term of total land areas of these upazilas,
168 KHANAM et al.
then their sequence turns in to Belabo, followed by Palash, Monohordi, Shibpur, Narsingdi Sadar,
and Raipura. According to Jaccard coefficient, the similarity in six upazilas of Narsingdi district in
harboring the dicotyledonous species was 75.47% (Fig. 1). It indicates that the species
composition in these upazilas are more similar rather than different if they are compared all
together. However, the similarities in between the two upazilas only varied from 9.03% (in
Monohordi and Raipura upazilas) to 50% (in Monohordi and Belabo upazilas).
Fig. 1. Similarity in species composition in the upazilas of Narsingdi district based on Jaccard
coefficient (Jaccard, 1912).
These rercords on dicotyledonous species of six upazilas of Narsindi district are higher than
the enumeration of this plant group in some upazilas of other districts by the previous studies,
(Islam et al., 2009; Rahman et al., 2012; Sarker et al., 2013; Sajib et al., 2014; Mahmudah et al.,
2017; Rahman et al., 2019). Whereas, the record on dicot species of Raipura upazila by this study
is somewhat lower than that of Munshiganj Sadar upazila by Rahman et al., 2013, though those of
other upazilas of Narsindi district are notably higher. Considering the size of the study area, the
dicotyledonous flora of whole Narsingdi district seems richer in comparison to those of
Sundarbans, Patuakhali district and Rajshahi district, as reported by Rahman et al. (2017), Sultana
(2012) and Rahman (2013), respectively. Whereas, the dicotyledones of this district is relatively
poorer than those of few forest areas viz., Sitapahar Reserve Forest (Uddin et al., 1998; Rashid and
Chowdhury, 2013), Satchari National Park (Arefin et al., 2011); Hazarikhil Wildlife Sanctuary
(Rahman, 2017), and Rajkandi Reserve Forest (Haque et al., 2018). These variation in species
composition of different areas might be due to different natural, biogeographical and
anthropogenic factors, drivers or threats etc. functioning in these area, and the methods and
intenseness of the studies as well.
During this study, total 333 dicot species of Narsingdi district were figured out as
economically useful. The major categories of these species were medicinal (167 species), timber
(46 species), fruit (37 species), ornamental (60 species), vegetable (43 species), fodder (9 species),
fiber (11 species), fuel wood (12 species), oil yielding (five species), pulse (four species) and
spices (three species). Among these species, 67 were recognized to be useful in two to three
categories. The total number of dicot species (468) recorded from Narsingdi district during this
study was 17.84% of the total 2623 species, and the number of dicot families (89) was 56.32% of
ANGIOSPERMS IN NARSINGDI DISTRICT OF BANGLADESH 169
the total 158 families reported for Bangladesh by Ahmed et al. (2008-2009). However, these
proportions of the dicots of this district would be decreased if the flora of Bangladesh is explored
completely.
One threatened species Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. ex Kurz found in the study area
is already included in Red Data Book of Vascular Plants of Bangladesh (Khan et al., 2001). The
species Geophila repens (L.) I.M. Johnst., rediscovered (Khanam et al., 2018) from this area,
wasis found as threatened there, which is not yet included in the Red Data Book of Vascular
Plants of Bangladesh. In the study area, the populations of Geophila repens (L.) I. M. Johnst. and
Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. ex Kurz were comprised of total 50 and nine individuals,
respectively. G. repens and R. serpentina were confined to two and four localities with the Extent
of Occurrence (EOO) and Area of Occupancy (AOO) of 250 km2 and 25 km2, and 280 km2 and 50
km2, respectively. Another species Acmella radicans (Jacq.) R.K. Jansen was found in five
localities of Shibpur upazila with total 40 individuals only. Its EOO and AOO were estimated as
120 km2 and 15 km2, respectively. The regeneration in these three species was poor and their
localities were under the regular stress of habitat destruction due to which these species have been
considered as Endangered (E) in Narsingdi district. Both of Acmella radicans and Geophila
repens might be included in the Red Data Book of Vascular Plants of Bangladesh and IUCN Red
List for Bangladesh following exploration in other areas of this country. Different anthropogenic
activities continuously performed by increased human population, especially vegetation clearing,
unnecessary firing, unplanned agricultural extension, over exploitation of natural resources, and
habitat fragmentation and depletion; soil erosion; invasion of some exotic species (e.g. Acacia
auriculiformis, Chromolaena odorata, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Mikania cordata and
Parthenium hysterophorus); poor regeneration in some species; lack of awareness in the local
people; and lack of proper management programs etc. are the major functional threats to the flora
of the study area.
The taxonomic information provided by this study on the species of dicotyledons extant in
Narsingdi district can serve as an important guiding database to track the trend of changes in the
floristic composition, plant species diversity and vegetation in course of time due to natural and
anthropogenic stresses, contribute in undertaking appropriate biodiversity conservation initiatives
and plant resourse-based socioeconomic development and help in estimating the impacts of
climate change in this area. This study highly recommends for regular inventory, monitoring and
specific research programs on the flora and plant diversity of this district and implementation of
appropriate conservation measures for the threatened and depleting plant species of this area.
Acknowledgements
The authors gratefully acknowledge the Bangladesh University Grants Commissions for
awarding the Ph D Fellowship to the first author for conducting her research including this study.
They are grateful to the authority of Bangladesh National Herbarium (DACB) for allowing access
to their libraries and relevant herbarium materials. The authors are also thankful to the Reviewers
of the Journal for their critical review of the manuscript.
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