Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 28(1): 97‒124, 2021 (June) https://doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v28i1.54211  
© 2021 Bangladesh Association of Plant Taxonomists 

FLORISTIC COMPOSITION OF THE COASTAL DISTRICT SATKHIRA, 
BANGLADESH 

 
GAZI MOSHAROF HOSSAIN1, SALEH AHAMMAD KHAN, MD. ABDUR RAHIM,  

MOHAMMAD SAYEDUR RAHMAN2 AND KHANDAKER MOHAMMAD NOOR ISLAM 
 

Plant Systematics and Biodiversity Laboratory, Department of Botany, 
Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh 

 
Keywords: Flora; Angiosperms; Satkhira; Bangladesh. 

 
Abstract 

 This study presents elementary taxonomic data on the composition of vascular flora 
in the disaster prone coastal district Satkhira of Bangladesh. The results of this study 
show that this district houses 664 species under 468 genera and 133 families of vascular 
plants. The Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms are represented by 21 and five species, 
whereas, the Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons) and Liliopsida (monocotyledons) of 
Angiosperms by 494 and 144 species, respectively. About 59.64% of these species are 
herbs, 15.96% shrubs, 21.69% trees, 2.26% palms and 0.45% bamboos. Total 73.04% of 
the species are wild, 19.88% planted and 7.08% cultivated. In this area, Fabaceae with 31 
species is the largest family, followed by Asteraceae with 27 species, Apocynaceae with 
26 species and Malvaceae with 25 and Acanthaceae with 22 species. Ficus with seven 
species is recorded as the largest genus, which is followed by Solanum, Hygrophila, 
Euphorbia, Senna, Phyllanthus, Ipomoea, Hibiscus and Alternanthera. Most of the 
species are found in fallow lands, roadsides, woodlands, homesteads and scrub jungles 
and useful as medicine, ornamental, fibre, fruit, livestock feed, soil binder and timber. 
The floristic composition of this district is still rich, though most of its habitats and 
ecosystems are vulnerable to natural disasters. Effective conservation plan and measures 
should be adopted for the precious flora of this coastal district. 

 
Introdfuction 
 Knowledge on floristic composition and structure is essential in identifying the important 
elements and understanding the status, extent, assessment of plant biodiversity (WCMC, 1992). It 
is also useful in exploration of alternative species, identification and conservation of threatened 
species and helpful in sustainable utilization of plant biodiversity. Thus, studies on floristic 
composition and structure of different areas and countries throughout the world become 
imperative due to which large-scale floristic inventories have been conducted in various forest- 
and non-forest areas globally for over a century (Ostertag et al., 2014).   
 As a significant part of the South Asian Mega Centre of genetic diversity (Chowdhury, 1996), 
Bangladesh houses a rich biodiversity including a huge number of plant species (Approx. 5000 
species of Angiosperms, Khan, 1977), though it is one of the countries, most vulnerable to climate 
change, and ranked as one of the world’s most disaster-prone area (Choudhury, 2002; World 
Bank, 2005). However, the floristic composition of this country has so far been partially explored 
through various kinds of inventories conducted in 18th to 20th centuries. The large-scale floristic 
studies covering the area of the present political boundary of Bangladesh does do not provide 
habitat-, area- or district-specific detail data on floristic composition (Hooker, 1872-1897; Prain, 

                                                             
1 Corresponding author. Email: gazibotju@gmail.com 
2 Bangladesh National Herbarium, Chiriakhana Road, Mirpur 1, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh 

https://doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v28i1.54211
mailto:gazibotju@gmail.com


98 HOSSAIN et al. 

1903; Siddiqui et al., 2007; Ahmed et al., 2008-2009; Ahmed et al., 2009). Most of the small to 
medium scale floristic studies conducted in this country so far cover mostly the north-eastern and 
south-eastern highland regions and forested areas of this country (Uddin et al., 1998; Khan and 
Huq, 2001; Rashid and Mia, 2001; Uddin et al., 2003; Islam et al., 2009; Arefin et al., 2011; 
Rahman, 2017; Haque et al., 2018; Uddin and Hassan, 2018). Some studies in plain land and 
coastal regions of the country have also been conducted (Sultana, 2012; Rahman et al., 2015; 
Tabassum, 2015; Shetu et al., 2018; Rahman et al., 2019; Khanam et al., 2020; Roy and Khan, 
2020). In spite of these studies, the floristic composition in most of the areas of this country is 
unknown till now. Therefore, conducting adequate studies on the floristic composition in these 
areas are crucial to know the composition, structure and status of their plant resources. 
 Satkhira is one of the costal districts of Bangladesh that are most vulnerable to the natural 
disasters, which affect the coastal region frequently, and sometimes severely. This district is one 
of the most risk prone areas of Bangladesh, because most of its habitats and ecosystems are being 
degraded due to the consequences of different natural disasters and human interventions, and most 
of its natural vegetation are being replaced by settlements, agricultural expansions, shrimp cultures 
and other human activities. Protecting and maintaining the biodiversity in the coastal areas is one 
of the biggest conservation challenges today. However, the first key step to achieve this goal is to 
complete the floristic explorations and compile the updated lists of species extant in these areas 
(Schaminée et al., 2011; Sharrock, 2012). But so far, no floristic study is known to be carried out 
throughout Satkhira district based on field inventories and examination of plant specimens. The 
floristic study of Rahman et al. (2015) covers the Sundarban Mangrove area of this district 
belonging to its Shamnagar upazila but it does not provide specific information on plant species 
composition and distribution in this administrative area.    

Floristic studies throughout this district are required to generate the baseline taxonomic data 
on the current composition and status of plant species, help in adopting appropriate conservation 
initiatives for the threatened or near threatened species, promote the plant resource-based socio-
economic development projects and contribute in future studies on the change in floristic 
composition, plant species diversity and vegetation in this area. Therefore, there is a great scope 
and need for conducting a detail floristic study throughout this district. This study has been carried 
out to construct a taxonomic checklist and provide quantitative data on the vascular plants of 
Satkhira district based on thorough taxonomic inventories throughout the area.  
 
Materials and Methods 
 Satkhira district, located in between 21°36'-22°54' N and 88°54'-89°20' E, comprises an area 
of 3,817.29km2, including 1632.00km2 forests, and consists of seven upazilas and 79 unions  
(Population and Housing Census, 2015). It is bounded by Jessore district on the north, the Bay of 
Bengal on the south, Khulna district on the east, West Bengal state of India on the west. The 
topography of this district is flat, with a maximum elevation range of 17.06 metre and an average 
elevation above sea level of 6.40 metre. This area is covered by cropland, grassland, wet lands, 
scrub jungles, mangrove forests and homestead gardens etc. Over the course of the year, the 
temperature typically varies from 13.89°c to 35°c and is rarely below 11°C or above 37.78°c. 
Since the last decade, the trend of change in maximum, minimum and mean temperature in rainy 
and summer seasons in Satkhira district is increasing, whereas that in minimum and mean 
temperature in winter season and total rainfall in rainy and summer seasons are decreasing 
(http://datalibrary.bmd.gov.bd). In the muggiest months, the highest humidity ranges from 73% to 
92% (www.world weatheronline.com). 

http://datalibrary.bmd.gov.bd).


FLORISTIC COMPOSITION IN THE COASTAL DISTRICT OF SATKHIRA 99 

 This study was based on a thorough taxonomic inventory conducted in different seasons of 
2017-2020 throughout the Satkhira district. The collection, processing, drying and preservation of 
plant specimens were done following standard herbarium methods and techniques (Bridson and 
Forman, 1989; Singh and Subramaniam, 2008). The representative plant specimens of all taxa 
were examined at Plant Systematics and Biodiversity Laboratory of Jahangirnagar University and 
Bangladesh National Herbarium (DACB). Identification of the specimens was completed through 
consulting the taxonomic descriptions and keys available in the relevant literatures (Hooker, 1872-
1897; Prain, 1903; Wu and Raven, 1994-2001; Wu et al., 1999-2013; Siddiqui et al., 2007; 
Ahmed et al., 2008-2009; Ahmed et al., 2009), and by matching with the respective voucher 
specimens of DACB and Jahangirnagar University Herbarium (JUH). The relevant type images 
available in the web pages of different international herbaria, such the Royal Botanic Gardens 
Kew (K), and the Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève (G) etc., and 
illustration of Flora of China (Wu and Raven, 1994-2001; Wu et al., 1999-2013) were also 
matched. All voucher specimens have been preserved at JUH.  
 Nomenclatural information were verified following Flora of China (Wu and Raven, 1994-
2001; Wu et al., 1999-2013), The Plant List (2013) and TROPICOS (2017). The bangla names 
were collected from Huq (2019), Siddiqui et al. (2007), Ahmed et al. (2008-2009) and Ahmed et 
al. (2009), and through interviews with the local people. The families of Pteridophytes and 
Gymnosperms have been arranged following Pichi (1977) and Kramer and Green (1990), 
respectively, and those of Angiosperms following Cronquist (1981), whereas the genera and 
species under each family alphabetically (Table 1).  
 Data on uses of the species were collected through interviews with the local people during the 
field surveys, and consulting the relevant literatures (Ghani, 1998; Van Valkenburg and 
Bunyapraphatsara, 2002; Siddiqui et al., 2007; Ahmed et al., 2008-2009; Ahmed et al., 2009).  
The status of rare and threatened plant species in the study area was inferred through field 
observation and estimation on population size, distribution range and regeneration of each species 
in the area. 
 
Results and Discussion 
 During this study the vascular flora of Satkhira district was found to be composed of 664 
species under 468 genera and 133 families. Pteridophytes were represented by 21 species of 18 
genera under 12 families and Gymnosperms by five species of four genera under four families, 
and Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons) and Liliopsida (monocotyledons) of Angiosperms by 494 and 
144 species of 348 and 98 genera under 92 and 25 families, respectively (Table 1 and Fig. 1). 
Total 396 (59.64%) of these species were herbs, 144 (21.69%) trees, 106 (15.96%) shrubs, 15 
(2.26%) palms and three (0.45%) bamboos. Most of the herbs were erect (48.99%), climber (19.19  
 

 

 

Fig. 1. Species composition (number and percent of species) of different plant groups of Satkhira district. 



100 HOSSAIN et al. 

%) and prostrate (16.92%) that were followed by creeper, parasite, free floating, submerged and 
epiphyte (Fig. 2). All species of Pteridophytes were found as wild but those of the Gymnosperms 
as planted, whereas among the Angiosperms total 464 (72.73%) species were wild, 127 (19.91%) 
planted and 47 (7.37%) cultivated. 349 (75.22%) species of the dicots and 115 (24.78%) species of 
the monocots were wild and the rest were cultivated or planted. 
 In Magnoliopsida, Fabaceae with 31 species under 19 genera, representing 4.72% of the 
vascular flora of Satkhira district, was the largest family, followed by Asteraceae with 27 species 
of 26 genera, Apocynaceae with 26 species of 23 genera, Malvaceae with 25 species of 17 genera, 
Acanthaceae with 22 species of 13 genera, Rubiaceae with 18 species under 12 genera, 
Cucurbitaceae and Lamiaceae, each with 17 species under 12 and 14 genera, respectively, 
Solanaceae with 15 species of eight genera, Caesalpiniaceae with 13 species of eight genera, 
Moraceae with 12 species under four genera, and Amaranthaceae and Mimosaceae, each with 12 
species under eight genera. Ficus with seven species was recorded as the largest genus, which was 
followed by Euphorbia, Hygrophila, Solanum, each with six species, Hibiscus, Ipomoea, 
Phyllanthus and Senna, each with five species, and Alternanthera, Amaranthus, Dalbergia, 
Desmodium, Ludwigia, Oldenlandia, Persicaria, Sida, Terminalia and Vigna, each with four 
species. 
 

 
 

Fig. 2. Floristic composition in different life-form categories of Satkhira district. 
 

 In Liliopsida, Poaceae with 44 species under 30 genera, comprising 6.70% of the vascular 
flora of this area, was the largest family, and followed by Cyperaceae with 22 species under eight 
genera, Arecaceae and Araceae, each with 15 species uder 12 and 13 genera, respectively. Cyperus 
with 10 species was the largest genus, which was followed by Commelina and Paspalum, each 
with four species and Bambusa and Calamus, each with three species. 
 In Satkhira district, total 403 (60.69%) plant species were found to be distributed in Satkhira 
sadar, 355 (53.46%) in Shaymnagar, 334 (50.30%) in Kaligonj, 318 (47.89%) in Debhata, 315 
(47.44%) in Kolarowa, 296 (44.58%) in Tala and 235 (35.39%) in Ashasuni upazila, but most of 
the species found in each of these upazilas were overlapping with that of other upazila/s. A total of 
152 (22.89%) species were found to be distributed in a part of the Sundarbans  mangrove forest, 
situated in the southern part of Shaymnagar upazila of Satkhira district, of which 65 (9.79%) 
species were exclusively distributed in that mangrove habitat and the rest 87 (13.10%) species 
were found to overlapping with other upazilas of this study area. 



FLORISTIC COMPOSITION IN THE COASTAL DISTRICT OF SATKHIRA 101 

Table 1. List of vascular plant species of Satkhira district, Bangladesh. 
Scientific name Bangla name Habit Habitat Distribution Use RSE 

PTERIDOPHYTA Schimp.       
Selaginellaceae Willk       
Selaginella vaginata Spring Selaginella Herb, pr; w Ml, Wl De, Ka, Sh+ M GMH 5207 
Ophioglossaceae Martinov       
Ophioglossum reticulatum L. Sharpa jihba Herb, er; w Gl, Wl Ka, Ko, Sh+ M GMH 5202 
Salviniaceae Martinov       
Azolla pinnata R. Br. Khudipana Herb, fl; w Wtl As, Ka, Ss, Ta Gm GMH 5205 
Salvinia adnata Desv. Pani dhekia Herb, fl; w Wtl As, De, Ta Gm, O GMH 5200 
S. cucullata Roxb. Indur kani Herb, fl; w Wtl Ka, Ss, Sh+, Ta Gm, O GMH 5211 
Marsileaceae Mirb.       
Marsilea quadrifolia L. Susni shak Herb, cr; w Af, Fl, Wtl All upazilas+ Vg GMH 5204 
Lygodiaceae M. Roem.       
Lygodium flexuosum (L.) Sw. Saralata fern Herb, cl; w Sj, Wl De, Ka, Ko M GMH 5201 
Pteridaceae E.D.M. Kirchn.       
*Acrostichum aureum L. Hudo Herb, er; w Fm, Wl Sh+ M, Tm GMH 5208 
Adiantum caudatum L. Khopa fern Herb, ep; w Op, Obw De, Ka, Ko O MAR 2901 
A. tenerum Sw. Biddapata Herb, ep; w Op, Obw De, Ka O MAR 2902 
Ceratopteris pteridoides (Hook.) 
Hieron. 

Pani dhekia Herb, er; w Wtl Sh+ Vg MSR 3321 

C. thalictroides (L.) Brongn. Pani lettuce Herb, er; w Wtl De, Sh, Ss, Ta Vg MSR 3310 
Pteris vittata L. Dhekia Herb, lp; w Obw De, Ka, Ko M GMH 5203 
Vittariaceae Ching       
*Haplopteris elongate (Sw.) E.H. 
Crane 

Viteria Herb, ep; w Op, Wl Sh+ M, O MSR3 302 

Polypodiaceae J. Presl & C. Presl       
Drynaria quercifolia (L.) J. Sm. Pankhiraj Herb, ep; w Op, Wl All upazilas+ M, O GMH 5210 
Microsorum punctatum (L.) Copel. Gucha patra Herb, ep; w Op, Wl De, Ka, Sh+ M, O GMH 5206 
Pyrrosia nuda (Giesenh.) Ching Pyrosia Herb, ep; w Op, Wl De, Ka, Sh+ M GMH 5212 
Blechnaceae Newman       
Stenochlaena palustris (Burm. f.) 
Bed. 

Dhekia lata Herb, cl; w Sj, Wl Ka, Ss, Ta M, Vg GMH 5209 

Thelypteridaceae Ching ex Pic. 
Serm. 

      

Ampelopteris prolifera (Retz.) 
Copel. 

Dheki shak Herb, cr; w Fl, Fm, Wl All upazilas M MAR 2903 

Thelypteris dentata (Forssk.) E.P. 
St.John 

Datitila Herb, cr; w Fl, Fm, Wl De, Ka O, Vg MAR 2904 

Athyriaceae Alston       
Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) Sw. Dhekia shak Herb, er; w Fl, Fm, Wl De, Ka, Ss Vg MAR 2905 

GYMNOSPERMS Prantl       
Cycadaceae Pers.       
Cycas circinalis L. Cycas Tree, s; pl Hs Ss M, O MAR 2907 
C. revoluta Thunb. Moniraj Tree, s; pl Hs Ss M, O MAR 2908 
Araucariaceae Henkel & W. 
Hochst. 

      

Araucaria heterophylla (Salisb.) 
Franco 

X-mas tree Tree, m; pl Hs De, Ka, Ss O MAR 2906 

 



102 HOSSAIN et al. 

Table 1 Contd. 
Scientific name Bangla name Habit Habitat Distribution Use RSE 
Cupressaceae Gray       
Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Thuja Shrub; pl Hs, Ml As, De, Ka, Ss O GMH 5219 
Pinaceae Spreng. ex Rudolphi       
Pinus caribaea Morelet Pine gach Tree, l; pl Hs, Rs Ss O MAR 2909 
MAGNOLIOPSIDA Brongn.       
Magnoliaceae Juss.       
Magnolia champaca (L.) Baill. ex 
Pierre 

Champa Tree, l; pl Rs Ss M, O SAK 2001 

Annonaceae Juss.       
Annona reticulata L. Atta Tree, s; w Hs, Sj All upazilas Fr SAK 2102 
A. squamosa L. Shorifa Tree, s; pl Hs De, Ka, Ss Fr SAK 2103 
Artabotrys hexapetalus (L. f.) 
Bhandari 

Kathali chapma Shrub, sc; pl Hs Ka, De, Ss M, O SAK 2104 

Huberantha pendula (Capuron ex G. 
E. Schatz & Le Thomas) Chaowasku

Weeping debdaru Tree, m; pl Rs De, Ko, Ss O SAK 2106 

Polyalthia longifolia (Sonn.) 
Thwaites 

Debdaru Tree, l; Pl Rs, Wl All upazilas+ O, T SAK 2105 

P. suberosa (Roxb.) Thwaites Barachali Tree, s; w Fl, Wl De, Ka, Ko Fr, Fw SAK 2107 
Lauraceae Juss.       
Cinnamomum tamala (Buch.-
Ham.) T. Nees & Eberm. 

Tejpata Tree, m; pl Hs Ka, Ss Sp SAK 2108 

C. verum J. Presl Darchini Tree, m; pl Hs Ko, Ss Sp SAK 2109 
Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) C.B. Rob. Kukurchita Tree, m; w Sj, Wl De, Ka, Ko M SAK 2110 
L. monopetala (Roxb.) Pers. Boro-kukurchita Tree, m; w Sj, Wl De, Ka M SAK 2111 
Piperaceae Giseke       
Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth Luchi pata Herb, pr; w Gl, Sj All upazilas+ M MAR 2910 
Piper betle L. Pan Herb, cl; cv Af De, Ka M MAR 2911 
P. longum L. Pipul Herb, cl; w Fl, Wl De, Ka, Ko M MAR 2912 
P. retrofractum Vahl Choi jhal Herb, cl; pl Hs, Wl De, Ka M, Sp MAR 2913 
Aristolochiaceae Juss.       
Aristolochia indica L. Ishwarmul Herb, cl; w Sj Ko, Ka, Ss M MAR 2914 
Nymphaeaceae Salisb.       
Nymphaea nouchali Burm. f. Nil shapla Herb, fr; w Wtl De, Sh, Ss, Ta M, O GMH 5213 
N. pubescens Willd Sada shapla Herb, fr; w Wtl As, Sh, Ss, Ta O, Vg GMH 5214 
N. rubra Roxb. ex Andrews Lal shapla Herb, fr; w Wtl As, Sh+, Ss, Ta M, O GMH 5215 
Ceratophyllaceae Gray       
Ceratophyllum demersum L. Kantajhanjhi Herb, sm; w Wtl As, Ss, Sh, Ta M MAR 2915 
Ranunculaceae Juss.       
Clematis zeylanica Poir. Irula Shrub, li; w Sj De M MAR 2916 
Ranunculus sceleratus L. Jhumka phul Herb, er; w Wtl Sh, Ss, Ta M MAR 2917 
Menispermaceae Juss.       
Cocculus hirsutus (L.) W. Theob. Huyer Herb, cl; w Sj De, Ka, Ko, Ss M GMH 5222 
Stephania japonica (Thunb.) Miers Akandi manik Herb, cl; w Sj, Wl De, Ka, Ss M GMH 5216 
Tinospora sinensis (Lour.) Merr. Gulancha Herb, cl; w Wl De, Ka, Ss M GMH 5218 
Tiliacora racemosa Colebr. Bagh lata Shrub, li; w Sj, Wl De, Ka, Ko, Ss M, Tm GMH 5221 
Papaveraceae Juss.       
Argemone mexicana L. Sheyal kanta Herb, er; w Af, Fl, Rs As, Ko, Ss, Ta M MAR 2918 
Cannabaceae Martinov       
Trema orientalis (L.) Blume Banjiga Tree, m; w Sj, Wl All upazilas+ Fw KMNI 001 
 
 



FLORISTIC COMPOSITION IN THE COASTAL DISTRICT OF SATKHIRA 103 

Table 1 Contd. 

Scientific name Bangla name Habit Habitat Distribution Use RSE 
Moraceae Gaudich.       
Artocarpus chama Buch.-Ham. Chapalish Tree, l; pl Rs, Wl Ko, Ss Fr, T MAR 2920 
A. heterophyllus Lam. Kanthal Tree, m; pl Hs, Wl All upazilas Fr, T MAR 2921 
A. lakoocha Roxb. Dewa Tree, m; pl Wl De, Ka, Ko, Ss Fr, T MAR 2922 
Ficus benghalensis L. Bot Tree, l; w Fl, Rs, Wl All upazilas+ O, Fw MAR 2923 
F. elastica Roxb. ex Hornem. Rubber bot Tree, m; pl Fl, Rs Ka, Sh+, Ss O MAR 2924 
F. heterophylla L. f. Bhuidumur Shrub; w Sj, Wl De, Ka, Ko M MAR 2925 
F. hispida L. f. Kakdumur Tree, s; w Sj, Wl All upazilas M, Vg MAR 2926 
F. racemosa L. Jagdumur Tree, l; w Sj, Fl De, Ka, Ss M MAR 2927 
F. religiosa L. Ashwath Tree, l; w Wl, Sj De, As, Ss M, O MAR 2928 
F. rumphii Blume Khiri bot Tree, l; w Fl, Rs, Wl Ko, Sh+, Ss, Ta M, O MAR 2929 
Morus alba L. Shada tut Tree, s; pl Ml, Rs As, Ko, Ss Fr, Fw MAR 2930 
Streblus asper Lour. Sheora Tree, l; w Sj, Wl All upazilas+ Fw, M MAR 2931 
Urticaceae Juss.       
Laportea interrupta (L.) Chew Chotrapatta Herb, cl; w Sj Wl De, Ka, Ss M KMNI 002 
Pilea microphylla (L.) Liebm. Latamaricha Herb, pr; w Obw All upazilas+ M KMNI 003 
Pouzolzia zeylanica (L.) Benn.  Kullaruki Herb, er; w Fl, Gl, Rs All upazilas+ M KMNI 004 
Casuarinaceae R. Br.       
Casuarina equisetifolia L. Jhaw Tree, l; pl Ml, Rs Ko, Ss O GMH 5220 
Nyctaginaceae Juss.       
Boerhavia diffusa L. Punarnava Herb, pr; w Fl, Rs De, Ko, Ss M GMH 5217 
Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd. Baganbilash Shrub, li; pl Hs All upazilas+ O GMH 5223 
Mirabilis jalapa L. Sandhyamoni Herb, er; pl Fl, Hs As, De, Ko, Ss M, O GMH 5224 
Aizoaceae Martinov       
Trianthema portulacastrum L. Swetpunarnova Herb, pr; w Af, Fl, Rs As, Ko, Ta M, Gm MAR 2932 
Cactaceae Juss.       
Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. Fhonimonosha Shrub; w Ml, Rs As, De, Sh He, M KMNI 015 
O. stricta (Haw.) Haw. Nagphana Shrub; w Ml, Rs As, Sh, Ka He, M KMNI 016 
Amaranthaceae Juss.       
Achyranthes aspera L. Apang Herb, er; w Fl, Rs, Wl All upazilas M GMH 5230 
Aerva lanata (L.) Juss. Chaya Herb, pr; w Fl, Rs Ss, Ta M, Vg GMH 5225 
Alternanthera bettzickiana (Regel) 
G. Nicholson 

Calico gach Herb, pr; w Fl, Rs Ss M, Vg MAR 2933 

A. paronychioides A. St.-Hil. Jhuli khata Herb, pr; w Af, Fl, Rs As, Sh, Ta M, Vg GMH 5366 
A. philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb. Henchi Herb, fr; w Af, Wtl All upazilas+ Gm,Vg GMH 5226 
A. sessilis (L.) R. Br. ex DC. Malancha Herb, pr; w Af, Fl, Rs All upazilas+ M, Vg GMH 5227 
Amaranthus blitum L. Goburanotey Herb, er; w Fl, Rs As, De, Ss, Ta M, Vg MAR 2935 
A. spinosus L. Kantanotey Herb, er; w Af, Fl, Rs All upazilas M, Vg MAR 2936 
A. tricolor L. Lalshak Herb, er; cv Af/Apl All upazilas+ Vg MAR 2937 
A. viridis L. Notey shak Herb, er; w Af, Fl, Rs All upazilas M, Vg GMH 5367 
Celosia argentea L.  Morog phul Herb, er; pl Hs, Rs De, Ss, Ta M, O GMH 5229 
Chenopodium album L. Botua shak Herb, er; w Af, Fl, Rs As, Ko, Ss, Ta M, Vg GMH 5228 
Cyathula prostrata (L.) Blume Shyontula Herb, pr; w Fl, Rs As, De, Ka, Ss M GMH 5231 
Gomphrena celosioides Mart. Bottam phul Herb, pr; w Gl, Fl, Rs Ss, Ta M GMH 5235 
Portulacaceae Juss.       
Portulaca oleracea L. Boronunia Herb, pr; w Af, Fl, Rs Ko, Sh+, Ss M, Vg KMNI 005 
P. grandiflora Hook. Time phul Herb, pr; pl Hs, Rs De, Ka, Ss O KMNI 006 
 



104 HOSSAIN et al. 

Table 1 Contd. 

Scientific name Bangla name Habit Habitat Distribution Use RSE 
Basellaceae Raf.       
Basella alba L. Pui shak Herb, cr; cv Af/Apl, Hs All upazilas+ Vg GMH 5240 
Molluginaceae Bartl.       
Glinus lotoides L. Alu ghash Herb, pr; w Af, Fl Ka, Ko, Ss M GMH 5232 
G. oppositifolius (L.) Aug. DC. Gima shak Herb, pr; w Af, Fl Ko, Ss M, Vg GMH 5236 
Trigastrotheca pentaphylla (L.) 
Thulin 

Khetpapra Herb, pr; w Af, Fl Ko, Ss M GMH 5239 

Polygonaceae Juss.       
Persicaria barbata (L.) H. Hara Biskatali Herb, er; w Fl, Wtl De, Ko, Sh, Ss M MAR 2938 
P. glabra (Willd.) M. Gómez Lal kukri Herb, er; w  Af, Fl Ka, Sh+, Ta M MAR 2939 
P. hydropiper (L.) Delarbre Panibiskatali Herb, er; w Af, Fl, Wtl As, Ko, Ta  M MAR 2940 
P. orientalis (L.) Spach Bara panimarich Herb, er; w Fl, Wtl As, Ss, Ta  M MAR 2941 
Polygonum effusum Meisn. Rani phul Herb, er; w Wtl Ko, Ss, Ta M MAR 2942 
Rumex dentatus L. Bon-palang Herb, er; w Af, Fl, Rs Ko, Ss, Sh M MAR 2943 
R. maritimus L. Dati-palang Herb, er; w Af, Fl, Rs De, Sh, Ta M MAR 2944 
Plumbaginaceae Juss.       
*Aegialitis rotundifolia Roxb. Nunia Shrub; w Fm, Wl Sh+ Fw, M GMH 5233 
Dilleniaceae Salisb.       
Dillenia indica L.  Chalta Tree, m; pl Hs, Wl De, Ka, Ss Fr, M KMNI 007 
Clusiaceae Lindl.       
*Calophyllum inophyllum L. Punnul Tree, m; w Fm, Rs Sh+ M, Oy MSR 3320 
Mesua ferrea L.  Nageshawr Tree, s; pl Rs De, Ka, Ss M, O KMNI 008 
Elaeocarpaceae Juss.       
Elaeocarpus floribundus Blume Jalpai Tree, m; pl Hs De, Ka, Ko, Ss Fr, Oy MAR 3010 
Sterculiaceae Vent.       
Abroma augusta (L.) L. f. Ulatkambal Shrub; w Hs, Sj As, Sh, Ss Fb, M SAK 2112 
Melochia corchorifolia L. Tiki-okra Shrub; w Wl Ss M SAK 2113 
Sterculia foetida L. Baksho badam Tree, l; pl Hs, Rs Ka, Sh+ Fr, M MSR 3319 
Bombacaceae Kunth.       
Bombax ceiba L. Shimul Tree, l; w Rs, Wl All upazilas Fb, M MAR 2949 
Malvaceae Juss.       
Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) 
Moench 

Dherosh Herb, er; cv Af Ko, Sh, Ta Vg GMH 5237 

Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet Petari Shrub; w Fl, Rs, Sj All upazilas Fb, M GMH 5234 
*Brownlowia tersa (L.) Kosterm. Lata sundri Shrub; w Rb, Wl Sh+ Fw, M GMH 5241 
Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. Shada shimul Tree, m; pl Hs, Rs As, Sh Fb, T GMH 5249 
Corchorus aestuans L. Janglipat Shrub; w Fl, Rs, Sj Ko, Ss, Sh+ Fb, M GMH 5245 
Gossypium arboreum L. Karpash Shrub; cv Af De, Ko, Sh Fb, Oy  GMH 5242 
Grewia asiatica L. Pholsa Tree, s; pl Hs, Wl Ka Fr, M MAR 2945 
G. glandulosa Vahl Pathaka Tree, s; w Sj Ka M MAR 2946 
*Heritiera fomes Buch.-Ham. Sundri Tree, l; w Wl Sh+ T GMH 5250 
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. Joba Shrub; pl Hs, Rs All upazilas O GMH 5246 
H. sabdariffa L. Chukar Shrub; pl Hs, Ml Ko, Ss, Sh, Ta M GMH 5247 
H. schizopetalus (Dyer) Hook. f. Jhumko jaba Shrub; pl Hs, Rs Ss O GMH 5243 
*H. tiliaceus L. Bhola Shrub, sc; w Rb, Wl Sh+ Fb, Fw GMH 5244 
H. vitifolius L.  Bonkarpas Shrub; w Sj Ss M, O GMH 5251 
Malvaviscus arboreus Cav. Morich joba Shrub; pl Hs, Rs De, Ka, Ss O GMH 5255 
Microcos tomentosa Sm.  Asar Shrub; w Sj, Wl Ka, Ko Fw, M MAR 2947 
 
 
 



FLORISTIC COMPOSITION IN THE COASTAL DISTRICT OF SATKHIRA 105 

Table 1 Contd. 
Scientific name Bangla name Habit Habitat Distribution Use RSE 
Pentapetes phoenicea L. Bandhuli phul Shrub; pl Hs Ko, Sh, Ta O GMH 5466 
Sida acuta Burm. f.  Kureta Herb, er; w Fl, Sj, Rs All upazilas+ M GMH 5260 
S. cordata (Burm. f.) Bross. Waalk.  Pitberela Herb, er; w Fl, Sj, Rs All upazilas+ M GMH 5256 
S. cordifolia L  Herb, er; w Fl, Rs Ka, Sh, Ss M GMH 5252 
S. rhombifolia L.  Lal-berela Herb, er; w Fl, Rs As, De, Sh, Ta Fb, M GMH 5259 
*Thespesia populnea (L.) Sol. ex 
Corrêa 

Porosh pipul Tree, s; w Fm, Rb Sh+ Fb, M MSR 3308 

Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq. Bon okra Shrub; w Fl, Rs, Sj As, Ko, Ss, Ta Fb, M MAR 2948 
Urena lobata L.  Banokra Shrub; w Fl, Sj, Rs All upazilas Fb, M GMH 5257 
Wissadula periplocifolia (L.) 
Thwaites 

Shada nagmoni Shrub; w Rs, Sj De, Ka, Ss Fb, M GMH 5261 

Lecythidaceae A. Rich.       
Barringtonia acutangula (L.) 
Gaertn. 

Hijal Tree, m; w Ml, Sj, Wtl De M, O GMH 5254 

Tamaricaceae Link       
*Tamarix indica Willd. Nona jhaw Tree, s; w Fm, Wl Sh+ Fw, M GMH 5262 
Passifloraceae Juss. ex Roussel       
Passiflora edulis Sims Passion phal Herb, cl; pl Hs Ss Fr SAK 2114 
P. foetida L.  Jhumka lata Herb, cl; w Sj Ka, Ko, Ta Fr, M SAK 2115 
P. suberosa L. Mela jhumka Herb, cl; w Rs De, Ta M SAK 2116 
Turnera ulmifolia L. Bashanti Herb, er; w Rs Sh M SAK 2117 
Caricaceae Dumort.       
Carica papaya L. Papya Tree, m; pl Af, Hs, Rs All upazilas+ Fr, Vg GMH 5263 
Cucurbitaceae Juss.       
Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn. Chalkumra Herb, cl; cv Af, Hs Ko, Ss Vg MAR 2952 
Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. 
& Nakai 

Tormuj Herb, cl; cv Af De, Ka, Ko, Sh Fr MAR 2953 

Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt Telakucha Herb, cl; w Sj, Wl All upazilas M, Vg MAR 2954 
Cucumis melo L. Bangi Herb, cl; cv  Af Ka Fr, Vg MAR 2955 
C. sativus L. Khira, Shosha Herb, cl; cv Af, Hs De, Ka, Ko Fr, Vg MAR 2956 
Cucurbita maxima Duchesne Misti kumra Herb, cl; cv  Af, Hs All upazilas+ M, Vg MAR 2957 
Gymnopetalum chinense (Lour.) 
Merr. 

Banpatol Herb, cl; w Sj As, De, Ss, Ta M MAR 2958 

Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) 
Standl. 

Lao Herb, cl; cv Af, Hs All upazilas+ M, Vg MAR 2959 

Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb. Jhinga Herb, cl; cv Af, Hs All upazilas M, Vg MAR 2960 
L. cylindrica (L.) M. Roem. Dhundal Herb, cl; cv Af, Hs All upazilas M, Vg MAR 2961 
Momordica dioica Roxb. ex Willd. Kakroll Herb, cl; cv Af, Hs All upazilas M, Vg MAR 2962 
M. charantia L. Korolla Herb, cl; cv Af, Hs Ka, Ko M, Vg MAR 2963 
Mukia maderaspatana (L.) M. 
Roem. 

Agmukhi Herb, cl; w Af, Fl, Sj As, De, Ss, Ta M MAR 2964 

Solena amplexicaulis (Lam.) 
Gandhi 

Rakhal sosha Herb, cl; w Sj De, Ka M MAR 2965 

Trichosanthes dioica Roxb. Potol Herb, cl; cv Af, Hs De, Ko, Ta M, Vg MAR 2966 
T. cucumerina L. Chichinga Herb, cl; cv Af, Hs De, Ka, Ko, Sh M, Vg MAR 2967 
T. tricuspidata Lour. Makal Herb, cl; w Fm, Sj De, Ka M MAR 2968 
Salicaceae Mirb.       
Casearia tomentosa Roxb. Bhari, Chilla Tree, s; w Fm, Wl De Fp, M MAR 2950 
Flacourtia indica (Burm. f.) Merr.  Bauchi Shrub; w Sj, Wl De, Ko, Ss Fr, M MAR 2951 
 



106 HOSSAIN et al. 

Table 1 contd. 
Scientific name Bangla name Habit Habitat Distribution Use RSE 
Capparaceae Juss.       
Capparis zeylanica L. Katai Shrub, sc; w Sj De, Ka, Ko, Ss M GMH 5264 
Cleomaceae Bercht. & J. Presl       
Cleome rutidosperma DC. Nil hurhurey Herb, er; w Af, Fl, Rs All upazilas M GMH 5268 
C. viscosa L. Halud hurhurey Herb, er; w Af, Fl, Rs All upazilas M, Vg GMH 5271 
Brassicaceae Burnett       
Brassica napus L. Sarisha Herb, er; cv Af, Hs De, Ko, Ta Lf, Oy MAR 2969 
B. oleracea var. botrytis L. Fulkopie Herb, er; cv Af Ko Vg MAR 2970 
B. oleracea var. capitata L. Badhakopie Herb, er; cv Af Ko Lf, Vg MAR 2971 
Cardamine flexuosa With. Bansarisha Herb, er; w Af, Fl Ss, Ta M MAR 2972 
Daucus carota L. Gajor Herb, er; cv Af De, Ka, Ko Vg MAR 2973 
Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. 
sativus (L.) Domin 

Mula Herb, er; cv Af Ka, Ko Ss, Ta Vg MAR 2974 

Rorippa indica (L.) Hiern Bansarisha Herb, er; w Fl, Ml Ka, Sh, Ss M, Vg MAR 2975 
Moringaceae Martinov       
Moringa oleifera Lamk.  Shajna Tree, m; pl Hs, Ml, Rs All upazilas M, Vg GMH 5265 
Sapotaceae Juss.       
Madhuca longifolia (J. König ex 
L.) J.F. Macbr.  

Mohua Tree, m; w Rs, Wl Ka, Sh+, Ss M, Oy SAK 2118 

Manilkara zapota (L.) P. Royen Sopheda Tree, m; pl Hs All upazilas+ Fr, M SAK 2119 
Mimusops elengi L. Bokul Tree, m; pl Rs De, Ka, Ss M, O SAK 2120 
Ebenaceae Gürke       
Diospyros discolor Willd. Bilati gab Tree, m; pl Hs, Rs As, De, Sh+, Ss Fr, M SAK 2121 
D. malabarica (Desr.) Kostel.  Deshi gab Tree, m; w Wl Ka Fr, M SAK 2122 
Myrsinaceae R. Br.       
Ardisia solanacea (Poir.) Roxb.  Banjam Shrub; w Wl Ka, Ko M, O GMH 5267 
Primulaceae Batsch       
*Aegiceras corniculatum (L.) 
Blanco 

Kholshi Shrub; w Wl Sh+ Hp, Fw GMH 5266 

Crassulaceae J. St.-Hil.       
Kalachoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers. Patharkuchi Herb, er; pl Hs De, Ko, Sh, Ss M, O GMH 5270 
Rosaceae Juss.       
Rosa centifolia L. Golap Shrub; pl Hs Ss M, O GMH 5420 
R. chinensis Jacq. Jangli golap Shrub; pl Hs, Ml Ss He, M KMNI 038 
Mimosaceae R. Br.       
Acacia auriculiformis Benth. Akashmoni Tree, l; pl Fl, Rs, Wl All upazilas+ T MAR 2976 
A. mangium Willd.  Mangium Tree, l; pl Rs, Wl Ka, Ss T MAR 2977 
A. nilotica (L.) Delile Babla Tree, m; w Fl, Rs All upazilas+ Gu, M MAR 2978 
Albizia procera (Roxb.) Benth. Sil koroi Tree, l; w Rs, Wl As, De, Ka, Ta  T MAR 2979 
A. richardiana (Voigt) King & 
Prain 

Raj siris Tree, l; pl Rs As, Sh+, Ta T MAR 2980 

A. saman (Jacq.) Merr. Shirish Tree, l; pl Ml, Rs, Wl All upazilas+ T MAR 2981 
*Cynometra ramiflora L. Shigra Tree, s; w Fm, Wl Sh+ Fw, M GMH 5268 
Entada rheedii Spreng. Gila lata Shrub, li; w Fm, Wl Ka M, Wp MAR 2982 
Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de 
Wit 

Ipil-ipil Tree, l; w Fl, Rs, Wl All upazilas T KMNI 009 

Mimosa pudica L. Lajjaboti Herb, pr; w Gl, Fl, Rs All upazilas+ M KMNI 010 
Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth. Khoia babla Tree, m; w Hs, Rs As, Sh+, Ss Fr, M GMH 5272 
Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC. Bilati babla Tree, m; w Rs Sh Fw, M GMH 5273 
 



FLORISTIC COMPOSITION IN THE COASTAL DISTRICT OF SATKHIRA 107 

Table 1 contd. 
Scientific name Bangla name Habit Habitat Distribution Use RSE 
Caesalpiniaceae R. Br.       
Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) Roxb. Nata kanta Shrub, sc; w Sj, Fm Ko, Ta M, Oy SAK 2123 
Cassia fistula L.  Badarlathi Tree, m; w Ml, Rs As, De, Ka, Ss M, O SAK 2124 
C. javanica subsp. nodosa (Roxb.) 
K. Larsen & S.S. Larsen 

Burmese shonalu Tree, m; pl Ml, Rs Ss O SAK 2125 

Delonix regia (Hook.) Raf. Krishnachura Tree, l; pl Rs All upazilas M, O SAK 2126 
Parkinsonia aculeata L. Bilati babla Tree, s; pl Rs As, Sh Fw, M SAK 2127 
Peltophorum pterocarpum (DC.) 
K. Heyne 

Radha chura Tree, l; pl Rs Ss, Ta M, O SAK 2128 

Saraca asoca (Roxb.) Willd. Ashok Tree, m; pl Rs, Wl Ss M, O SAK 2129 
Senna alata (L.) Roxb.  Dadmardan Shrub; w Fl, Hs, Rs As, Ss, Sh M SAK 2130 
S. occidentalis (L.) Link Barakalkesunda Shrub; w Fl, Rs As, Ko, Sh, Ta M SAK 2131 
S. siamea (Lam.) H.S. Irwin & Barn. Minjiri Tree, l; pl Fl, Wl As, De, Sh, Ta Fw, O SAK 2132 
S. sophera (L.) Roxb. Kalkeshunda Shrub; w Fl, Sj, Rs Ka, Ta M SAK 2133 
S. tora (L.) Roxb. Kalkeshunda Herb, er; w Fl, Rs All upazilas+ M SAK 2134 
Tamarindus indica L. Tetul Tree, l; w Hs, Wl All upazilas+ Fr, T SAK 2135 
Fabaceae Lindl.       
Abrus precatorius L.  Kunch Herb, cl; w Sj Ka M GMH 5274 
Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub.  Palash Tree, m; pl Rs, Wl Ss M, O GMH 5275 
Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. Arhar Shrub; cv Af, Fl, Hs De, Ko, Ta M, Pu GMH 5276 
C. scarabaeoides (L.) Thouars  Banurkali Herb, cl; w Sj As, Ka, Ss, Ta Gm, M GMH 5277 
Clitoria ternatea L. Aparajita Herb, cl; w Hs Ka, Ko, Ss M, O GMH 5280 
Crotalaria pallida Aiton  Jhunjhuni Herb, er; w Fl, Rs Ka, Ko, Sh Fb, M GMH 5281 
*Dalbergia candenatensis 
(Dennst.) Prain 

Chanda lata Shrub, li; w Rb, Wl Sh+ M GMH 5278 

D. sissoo DC. Sisoo Tree, l; pl Rs, Wl All upazilas+ T GMH 5282 
*D. spinosa Roxb. Kutum kanta Shrub, sc; w Rb, Wl Sh+ M GMH 5283 
*Derris scandens (Roxb.) Benth. Mohajoni lata Shrub, li; w Wl Sh+ M GMH 5279 
*D. trifoliata Lour. Kalia lata Herb, cl; w Wl Sh+ Fb, M GMH 5284 
Desmodium gangeticum (L.) DC.  Salpani Shrub; w Fl, Sj, Wl All upazilas Fb, M GMH 5289 
D. heterophyllum (Willd.) DC.  Bonmotorshuti Herb, pr; w Fl, Gl De, Ko, Sh, Ta Lf, M GMH 5285 
D. laxiflorum DC. Laximodi Shrub; w Fl, Rs Sh, Ss M GMH 5290 
Erythrina fusca Lour. Kanta mandar Tree, s; pl Ml, Rs As, De, Ka M, O GMH 5286 
E. variegata L. Parijat Tree, s; pl Fl, Ml, Rs Ka, De, Sh M, O GMH 5287 
Grona triflora (L.) H. Ohashi & K. 
Ohashi 

Kulalia Herb, pr; w Af, Fl, Gl All upazilas+ Gm, M MSR 3305 

*Mucuna gigantea (Willd.) DC. Bara alkushi Herb, cl; w  Sh+ M GMH 5288 
M. pruriens (L.) DC.  Bichuti lata Herb, cl; w Sj, Wl Ka M GMH 5291 
Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet Shim Herb, cl; cv Af, Hs All upazilas+ Pu, Vg MSR 3309 
Lathyrus sativus L. Khesari Herb, cl; cv Af De, Ko, Ta Lf, Pu GMH 5298 
Lens culinaris Medik. Moshur Herb, pr; cv Af De, Ka, Ko, Ta Lf, Pu GMH 5299 
Pachyrhizus erosus (L.) Urb. Shakalu Herb, cl; cv Hs, Rs Sh, Ss M, Vg GMH 5296 
*Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre Koroch Tree, m; w Rb Sh M, Fw MSR 3318 
Sesbania cannabina (Retz.) Pers. Dhonchi Shrub; cv Af, Fl, Ml All upazilas Fb, Gm GMH 5297 
Uraria lagopodioides (L.) Desv.  Chakulia Shrub; w Sj, Wl Ko M GMH 5292 
Vicia hirsuta (L.) S.F. Gray  Masurchana Herb, pr; w Af Ko, Ta Lf, Gm GMH 5293 
Vigna marina (Burm.) Merr. Nona shim Herb, cl; w Fm, Rb Ka, Sh+ Lf, M MSR 3315 
V. mungo (L.) Hepper Mashkalai Herb, pr; cv Af, Fl, Rs De, Ko, Ta Gm, Pu GMH 5294 
V. trilobata (L.) Verdc. Jangli moong Herb, cl; w Fl, Gl Ss Gm, Lf GMH 5295 
 



108 HOSSAIN et al. 

Table 1 contd. 
Scientific name Bangla name Habit Habitat Distribution Use RSE 
V. unguiculata (L.) Walp. Borboti Herb, cl; cv Af, Hs Ka, Ko, Ss Pu, Vg GMH 5300 
Haloragaceae R. Br.       
Myriophyllum tuberculatum Roxb.  Kulabahupatri Herb, sm; w Wtl Sh, Ta M MAR 2983 
Lythraceae J. St.-Hil.       
Ammannia baccifera L. Dadmari Herb, er; w Af, Fl, Wtl Ka, Sh+, Ss  M GMH 5301 
A. multiflora Roxb. Acidpatta Herb, er; w Af, Fl, Wtl Sh, Ss, Ta M GMH 5302 
Lagerstroemia indica L. Jarul Tree, s; pl Rs  As, Ss M. O GMH 5303 
L. speciosa (L.) Pers.  Jarul Tree, l; pl Rs, Wl As, Ss M, O GMH 5304 
Lawsonia inermis L. Mehedi Tree, s; pl Hs All upazilas+ Dy, M MSR 3311 
Punica granatum L. Dalim, Bedana Shrub; pl Hs Ka, Ko, Sh, Ss Dy, Fr KMNI 062 
*Sonneratia apetala Buch.-Ham. Kewra Tree, l; w Rb, Wl De, Ka, Sh+ Fr, M GMH 5305 
Trapa incisa Siebold & Zucc. Paniphal Herb, fr; w Wtl De, Ka, Ko, Sh Fr, M GMH 5306 
T. natans L. Shingra Herb, fr; w Wtl De, Ko, Sh Fr, M GMH 5307 
Myrtaceae Juss.       
Callistemon citrinus (Curtis) Skeels Bottlebrush Tree, s; pl Hs, Rs As, Ko, Sh, Ss O MSR 3317 
Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. Eucalyptus Tree, l; pl Rs, Wl All upazilas+ M, T MAR 2984 
Psidium guajava L.  Peyara Tree, s; pl Hs All upazilas+ Fr, M KMNI 011 
Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels  Kalojam Tree, l; pl Hs, Rs, Wl Ka, Ko, Sh, Ss Fr, T KMNI 012 
S. fruticosum DC.  Khudi jam Tree, m; w Ml, Wl Ka, Ko, Sh+ Fr, T MSR 3312 
Onagraceae Juss.       
Ludwigia adscendens (L.) H. Hara Keshordam Herb, fr; w Wtl All upazilas+ M GMH 5308 
L. hyssopifolia (G. Don) Exell Panipalong Herb, er; w Af, Fl, Wtl All upazilas+ Dy, M GMH 5368 
L. octovalvis (Jacq.) P.H. Raven Bon labonga Herb, er; w Ml, Wtl Ta M GMH 5369 
L. perennis L. Amorkura Herb, er; w Fl, Gl Ko, Sh, Ta M MAR 2985 
Combretaceae R. Br.       
Combretum indicum (L.) DeFilipps  Madhuri lata Shrub, li; pl Hs Ss M, O MAR 2986 
*Lumnitzera racemosa Willd. Kirpa Tree, s; w Fm, Wl Sh+ Dy, Fw GMH 5309 
Terminalia arjuna (Roxb. ex DC.) 
Wight & Arn.  

Arjun Tree, l; pl Rs All upazilas+ M MSR 3316 

T. bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb.  Bohera Tree, l; pl Rs, Wl All upazilas+ M MSR 3303 
T. catappa L.  Kathbadam Tree, l; pl Rs All upazilas+ M, Nu MSR 3314 
T. chebula Retz. Horitoki Tree, l; pl Rs, Wl All upazilas+ M MSR 3304 
Rhizophoraceae Pers.       
*Bruguiera gymnorhiza (L.) Lam. Lal kakra Tree, l; w Wl Sh+ Dy, T GMH 5310 
*B. sexangula (Lour.) Poir. Shobuj kakra Tree, l; w Wl Sh+ Dy, T GMH 5311 
*Ceriops decandra (Griff.) W. 
Theob. 

Goran Tree, s; w Wl Sh+ Dy, Fw GMH 5312 

*Kandelia candel (L.) Druce Bhatkathi Tree, s; w Rb, Fm Sh+ Dy, Fw GMH 5313 
*Rhizophora apiculata Blume Jhana Tree, m; w Rb, Fm Sh+ Fw, M GMH 5314 
*R. mucronata Lam. Jhana Tree, l; w Rb, Fm Sh+ Dy, Fw GMH 5315 
Cornaceae Bercht. ex J. Presl       
Alangium salviifolium (L. f.) 
Wangerin 

Aikha Tree, m; w Sj, Wl De, Ka M, T MAR 2987 

Loranthaceae Juss.       
Dendrophthoe falcata (L. f.) Etting.  Bajrangi Shrub, ps; w Op De, Ka, Sh+ M MSR 3306 
Macrosolen cochinchinensis 
(Lour.) van Tiegh.  

Renda Shrub, ps; w Op De, Ka, Sh+ M MSR 3301 

Scurrula parasitica L. Porgacha Shrub, ps; w Op Ka, Sh+,  M MSR 3307 
Viscum monoicum Roxb. ex DC. Bhanda Herb, ps; w Op Sh+ M MSR 3330 
 



FLORISTIC COMPOSITION IN THE COASTAL DISTRICT OF SATKHIRA 109 

Table 1 contd. 
Scientific name Bangla name Habit Habitat Distribution Use RSE 
Celastraceae R. Br.       
*Salacia chinensis L. Choit boroi Shrub, sc; w Fm, Wl Sh+ Fr, M GMH 5316 
Euphorbiaceae Juss.       
Acalypha ciliata Forssk. Unknown Herb, er; w Fl, Sj Ka, Ko, Ta M MAR 2988 
A. indica L.  Muktajhuri Herb, er; w Fl, Gl, Rs Ka, Ko, Ta, Ss M MAR 2989 
Baliospermum calycinum Müll. Arg. Danti Shrub; w Sj, Wl De M MAR 2990 
B. solanifolium (Burm.) Suresh Donti Shrub; w Sj, Wl De M MAR 2991 
Chrozophora rottleri (Geiseler) A. 
Juss. ex Spreng. 

Khudiphora Herb, er; w  As, Ko, Sh, Ta M MAR 2993 

Codiaeum variegatum (L.) Rumph. 
ex A. Juss. 

Batabahar Shrub; pl Hs, Ml De, Ka, Ss M, O MAR 2994 

Croton bonplandianus Baill.  Bandhone Herb, er; w Af, Fl, Rs All upazilas M GMH 5317 
Euphorbia antiquorum L. Tiktasij Shrub; w Hs, Ml As, Sh M, O GMH 5318 
E. hirta L.  Baradudhia Herb, pr; w Fl, Gl, Rs All upazilas+ M GMH 5319 
E. neriifolia L. Manosha sij Shrub; pl Hs, Ml As, Sh M, O GMH 5320 
E. thymifolia L.  Swetkerui Herb, pr; w Fl, Gl, Rs All upazilas+ M GMH 5321 
E. tirucalli L. Narasaji Shrub; pl Hs, Rs Sh, Ss M, O GMH 5322 
E. tithymaloides L. Bera chita Herb, er; w Ml, Rs De, Ka, Sh He, M GMH 5323 
*Excoecaria agallocha L. Gewa Tree, l; w Wl Sh+ M, Pp GMH 5324 
Flueggea virosa (Roxb. ex Willd.) 
Royle  

Khaukra Shrub; w Sj, Wl De, Ka, Ko M MAR 3118 

Jatropha curcas L. Bherenda Shrub; pl Rs As, Ka, Ta He, M GMH 5326 
J. gossypiifolia L.  Lalbherenda Shrub; w Fl, Rs As, Ka, Ko, Ta He, M GMH 5327 
Mallotus nudiflora L. Latim, Petali Tree, l; w Fl, Ml Ka, Ta M, T GMH 5336 
M. repandus (Willd.) Müll. Arg. Gunti, Jhanti Shrub, sc; w Sj, Wl Ko, Ta M GMH 5328 
Ricinus communis L.  Bherenda Shrub; w Fl, Hs All upazilas M, Oy GMH 5334 
*Shirakiopsis indica (Willd.) Esser Hurmui Tree, s; w Fm, Wl Sh+ M, Fp GMH 5335 
Suregada multiflora (A. Juss.) Baill. Ban naringa                                          Tree, s; w Wl Ka Fw, M KMNI 013 
Tragia involucrata L. Chotrapatta Herb, cl; w Sj Ka, Ta M KMNI 014 
Phyllanthaceae Martinov       
Breynia vitis-idaea (Burm. f.) Fisch. Vitasalpoti Tree, s; w Sj, Wl De, Ka M MAR 2992 
Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels Arboroi Tree, s; pl Hs As, Ko, Sh, Ss Fr, M GMH 5329 
P. emblica L. Amloki Tree, s; pl Hs, Rs All upazilas+ Fr, M GMH 5330 
P. niruri L. Bhuiamla Herb, er; w Af, Fl, Gl All upazilas+ Dy, M GMH 5331 
P. reticulatus Poir. Chitki Shrub; w Fl, Sj De, Ka, Ko, Ta Dy, M GMH 5332 
P. urinaria L.  Kalochitki  Herb, er; w Fl, Gl Ta M GMH 5333 
Rhamnaceae Juss.       
Gouania tiliifolia Lam.  Harjen gota Shrub, sc; w Sj, Wl De, Ka Co, M MAR 2995 
Sarcomphalus mauritianus (Lam.) 
Raf. 

Boroi Tree, m; w Hs, Wl All upazilas+ Fr, M MAR 2996 

Ziziphus oenoplia (L.) Mill.  Bonboroi Shrub, sc; w Sj, Wl De, Ko, Ta He, M MAR 2997 
Leeaceae Dumort.        
Leea aequata L. Kukur jihwa Shrub; w Sj, Wl De, Ka M MAR 2998 
L. indica (Burm. f.) Merr. Kurkur Shrub; w Sj, Wl De, Ka, Ko, Ta Gm, M MAR 2999 
Vitaceae Juss.        
Ampelocissus barbata (Wall.) 
Planch. 

Jharila Herb, cl; w Sj, Wl De, Ka, Ss M MAR 3000 

A. latifolia (Roxb.) Planch.  Gowalia lata Herb, cl; w Wl De, Ka, Ko M MAR 3001 
Causonis trifolia (L.) Mabb. & J. 
Wen 

Angur lata Herb, cl; w Sj, Wl All upazilas+ Lf, M KMNI 017 



110 HOSSAIN et al. 

Table 1 contd. 

Scientific name Bangla name Habit Habitat Distribution Use RSE 
Cissus adnata Roxb. Bhatia lata Herb, cl; w Sj, Wl Ka, Ss M KMNI 018 
C. quadrangularis L. Harjora Herb, cl; w Hs, Rs De, Ka M KMNI 019 
Tetrastigma angustifolium (Roxb.) 
Planch. 

Nekungriubi Herb, cl; w Sj, Wl De, Ka, Ko, Ss M MAR 3002 

T. leucostaphylum (Dennst.) Alston Horina lata Herb, cl; w Sj, Wl De, Ka, Ss M MAR 3003 
Sapindaceae Juss.        
Allophylus cobbe (L.) Raeusch. Rakhal chita Shrub; w Sj, Wl Ka Fw, M GMH 5337 
Cardiospermum halicacabum L.  Lataphutki Herb, cl; w Fl, Sj Ko, Sh, Ss, Ta M, Vg GMH 5338 
Dimocarpus longan Lour. Ashphal Tree, m; pl Hs Ka Fr MAR 3119 
*Dodonaea viscosa Jacq. Pani phul Tree, s; w Fm, Wl Sh+ Fw, M GMH 5471 
Lepisanthes rubiginosa (Roxb.) 
Leenh. 

Horina Tree, s; w Fl, Wl De, Ka, Ko Fr, Fw GMH 5340 

Litchi chinensis Sonn. Litchu Tree, m; pl Hs Ko, Ss Fr GMH 5341 
Burseraceae Kunth       
Garuga pinnata Roxb. Kapila Tree, l; w Wl De Fr, T MAR 3004 
Anacardiaceae R. Br.        
Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) 
Merr. 

Jiga Tree, s; w Ml, Rs All upazilas+ He, Gu MAR 3005 

Mangifera indica L.  Aam  Tree, l; w Hs, Wl All upazilas+ Fr, T MAR 3006 
Spondias dulcis Parkinson Amrah Tree, l; pl Hs All upazilas+ Fr MAR 3007 
S. pinnata (L. f.) Kurz Bon amrah Tree, l; pl Wl De, Ka Fr GMH 5467 
Meliaceae Juss.        
*Aglaia cucullata (Roxb.) Pellegr. Amoor Tree, s; w Rb, Wl Sh+ M, T MSR 3329 
Aphanamixis polystachya (Wall.) 
R. Parker 

Pithraj Tree, m; w Hs, Wl De, Ka, Ko, Ta M, Oy GMH 5342 

Azadirachta indica  A. Juss.  Neem Tree, m; w Rs, Wl All upazilas+ M, T GMH 5343 
Khaya anthotheca (Welw.) C. DC. Lombu Tree, l; pl Rs All upazilas T GMH 5344 
Melia azedarach L. Ghora neem Tree, m; pl Ml, Rs All upazilas+ M, T GMH 5345 
Swietenia macrophylla King Bara mehagani Tree, l; pl Hs, Ml, Rs All upazilas+ T GMH 5346 
S. mahagoni (L.) Jacq.  Mehagani Tree, l; pl Hs, Rs As, Ka, Sh, Ss T GMH 5347 
Toona ciliata M. Roem. Toon Tree, l; w Rs, Wl De, Ka Dy, M GMH 5348 
*Xylocarpus granatum J. Koenig Dhundal Tree, m; w Rb, Wl Sh+ M, T MSR 3322 
*X. moluccensis (Lam.) M. Roem.  Poshur Tree, m; w Wl Sh+ M, T MSR 3328 
Rutaceae Juss.        
Aegle marmelos (L.) Corrêa  Bel Tree, m; w Hs, Ml, Wl All upazilas+ Fr, M KMNI 020 
Citrus aurantiifolia (Christm.) 
Swingle 

Lebu Shrub; pl Hs All upazilas Fr MAR 3008 

C. maxima (Burm.) Merr. Jambura Tree, s; pl Ml, Hs All upazilas+ Fr MAR 3009 
Feronia limonia (L.) Swingle Kadbel Tree, m; pl Ml, Hs All upazilas+ Fr KMNI 021 
Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) A. 
DC.  

Datmajoni Shrub; w Fl, Sj, Wl All upazilas M KMNI 022 

Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng.  Curry patta Tree, s; w Fl, Wl Ka, Ta M, Sp KMNI 023 
M. paniculata (L.) Jack Kamini Tree, s; pl Rs, Wl Ss M, O KMNI 024 
Oxalidaceae R. Br.       
Averrhoa bilimbi L. Bilimbi Tree, s; pl Hs As, Ko, Sh, Ss Fr, M MAR 3011 
A. carambola L. Kamranga Tree, s; pl Hs As, De, Sh, Ss Fr, M MAR 3012 
Oxalis corniculata L. Amrul Herb, pr; w Af, Gl, Rs All upazilas M, Vg MAR 3013 
 



FLORISTIC COMPOSITION IN THE COASTAL DISTRICT OF SATKHIRA 111 

Table 1  contd. 
Scientific name Bangla name Habit Habitat Distribution Use RSE 
Balsaminaceae A. Rich.       
Impatiens balsamina L. Dopati Herb, er; pl Hs, Ml As, De, Ko, Ss M, O KMNI 063 
Apiaceae Lindl.       
Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. Thankuni Herb, cr; w Af, Fl, Ml All upazilas+ M GMH 5349 
Coriandrum sativum L. Dhonia Herb, er; cv Af, Fl, Hs, Ko M, Sp GMH 5350 
Eryngium foetidum L. Bilatedhoneya Herb, er; w Af, Hs As, De, Sh+, Ss M, Sp GMH 5351 
Oenanthe benghalensis Benth. & 
Hook. f. 

Bon-dhonia Herb, er; w Fl, Gl, Ml As, Ka, Ta M GMH 5352 

Apocynaceae Juss.       
Allamanda cathartica L. Ghonta phul Shrub; pl Hs, Rs As, Ss O MAR 3014 
Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br. Chhatim Tree, l; w Rs, Wl Ka, Ta M, T MAR 3015 
Calotropis gigantea (L.) Dryand. Akondo Shrub; w Ml, Rs As, De, Ka, Ta Fb, M KMNI 025 
C. procera (Aiton) Dryand. Shda akondo Shrub; w Rs As, Ta Fb, M KMNI 026 
Carissa carandas L. Karamcha Shrub; pl Hs, Sj Ss Fr MAR 3016 
Cascabela thevetia (L.) Lippold  Kolkey phul Tree, s; pl Hs De, Sh, Ss M, O MAR 3017 
Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don Noyantara Herb, er; w Hs, Rs As, Sh, Ss, Ta M, O KMNI 027 
*Cerbera odollam Gaertn. Dahur Tree, s; w Fm, Wl Sh+ Fb, M GMH 5353 
*Ceropegia lucida Wall. Lucipegia Herb, cl; w Fm Sh+ M MSR 3327 
Dregea volubilis (L. f.) Benth. ex 
Hook. f. 

Jukti phul Herb, cl; w Wl De Fb, M GMH 5354 

*Finlaysonia obovata Wall. Mamakola Herb, cl; w Rb, Wl Sh+ Fb, M GMH 5355 
Hoya lanceolata Wall. ex D. Don Futki lata Herb, ps; w Op; Wl De Fb, M GMH 5356 
H. parasitica Wall. ex Traill Futki lata Herb, ps; w Op; Wl Sh+ Fb, M GMH 5357 
Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br. ex 
Schult. 

Anantomul Herb, cl; w Fl, Gl De, Ka, Ta Fb, M GMH 5358 

Ichnocarpus frutescens (L.) Aiton Parallia lata Herb, cl; w Fl, Sj, Wl Ka, Ko, Ta Fb, M GMH 5359 
Nerium oleander L. Rakta karobi Tree, s; pl Hs, Rs Ss M, O GMH 5360 
Pentatropis capensis (L. f.) 
Bullock 

Panchabrti lata Herb, cl; w Sj, Wl Ka M GMH 5361 

Pergularia daemia (Forssk.) 
Chiov. 

Chagalbati Herb, cl; w Sj, Rs Sh, Ss Fb, M GMH 5362 

*Parsonsia alboflavescens 
(Dennst.) Mabb. 

Pasonsi Herb, cl; w Fm, Rb Sh+ Fb, M GMH 5363 

Plumeria alba L. Shada kathgolap Tree, m; pl Hs, Rs Ss M, O GMH 5364 
P. rubra L. Lal kathgolap Tree, m; pl Hs, Rs Ss M, O GMH 5365 
Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. ex 
Kurz 

Sarpogondha Herb, er; w Wl De M, O GMH 5366 

*Sarcolobus globosus Wall. Bawali lata Herb, cl; w Wl Sh+ M, Vg GMH 5367 
Tabernaemontana divaricata (L.) 
R. Br. ex Roem & Schult. 

Tagar Shrub; w Rs, Sj, Wl De, Ko, Ta M, O GMH 5368 

Telosma cordata (Burm. f.) Merr. Kanja lata Herb, cl; w Sj, Wl De M GMH 5370 
*Tylophora indica (Burm. f.) Merr. Antamul Herb, cl; w Fm, Sj Sh+ Fb, M GMH 5371 
Solanaceae Juss.       
Capsicum annuum L. Morich Herb, er; cv Af, Hs All upazilas+ Sp MAR 3018 
Cestrum diurnum L. Hasnahela Shrub; pl Hs Ko, Sh, Ss M, O MAR 3019 
Datura metel L. Sada dhutra Shrub; w Fl, Rs Sh, Ss, Ta M MAR 3323 
Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. Tomato Herb, pr; cv Af All upazilas+ Vg KMNI 061 
Nicotiana plumbaginifolia Viv. Ban tamak Herb, er; w Af, Fl, Rs As, Sh, Ss, Ta M KMNI 028 
Petunia hybrida E. Vilm. Petunia Herb, er; pl Hs, Rs De, Ko, Ss O KMNI 064 
 



112 HOSSAIN et al. 

Table 1 contd. 
Scientific name Bangla name Habit Habitat Distribution Use RSE 
Physalis angulata L. Futka Herb, er; w Fl, Gl, Rs Ko, Ss M MAR 3020 
P. minima L. Bon tepari Herb, er; w Af, Fl, Rs All upazilas+ M KMNI 029 
P. peruviana L. Tepari Herb, er; w Af, Fl, Rs Ss M MAR 3021 
Solanum americanum Mill. Tit-begun Herb, er; w Fl, Gl, Rs All upazilas M MAR 3022 
S. indicum L. Rambegun Shrub; w Af, Fl, Rs Ss, Ta M MAR 3023 
S. melongena L. Begun Shrub; w Af, Hs All upazilas+ Vg MAR 3024 
S. sisymbriifolium Lam. Katabegun Herb, pr; w Fl, Rs As, Sh, Ta M MAR 3025 
S. torvum Sw. Gota begun Shrub; w Fl, Sj, Rs Ss, Ta M, Vg MAR 3026 
S. virginianum L. Kantikari Herb, pr; w Sd, Fm Sh+ M, Vg MSR 3313 
Convolvulaceae Juss.       
Aniseia martinicensis (Jacq.) 
Choisy 

Shadamati Herb, cl; w Ml, Rs Ka, Sh, Ss M MAR 3027 

Argyreia roxburghii (Wall.) Arn. 
ex Choisy 

Argori lata Herb, cl; w Sj, Wl Ka M MAR 3028 

Camonea umbellata (L.) A.R. 
Simões & Staples 

Goria lota Herb, cl; w Fl, Gl, Rs Ko, Ss, Ta M, O KMNI 032 

Evolvulus nummularius (L.) L. Bhui okra Herb, cr; w Fl, Gl, Rs All upazilas+ M, Sb KMNI 030 
Ipomoea aquatica Forssk. Kalmi shak Herb, cr; w Af, Wtl All upazilas+ Vg KMNI 031 
I. batatas (L.) Lam. Misti alu Herb, cr; cv  De, Ko Vg MAR 3029 
I. fistulosa Mart. ex Choisy Dhol kolmi Shrub; w Fl, Ml All upazilas+ He, Sb MAR 3030 
I. littoralis Blume Gang kolmi Herb, cl; w Fm, Sj De, Ka M, O MAR 3031 
*I. pes-caprae (L.) R. Br. Chagalkhuri  Herb, cr; w Af, Hs Sh+ M, Sb GMH 5372 
Cuscutaceae Dumort.       
Cuscuta chinensis Lam. Sharno lata Herb, cl; w Op De, Ka, Sh M GMH 5373 
C. reflexa Roxb.  Sharno lata Herb, cl; w Op All upazilas+ M GMH 5374 
Menyanthaceae Dumort.       
Nymphoides hydrophylla (Lour.) 
Kuntze 

Chand mala Herb, fr; w Wtl As, Sh, Ss, Ta M KMNI 033 

N. indica (L.) Kuntze Panchuli mala Herb, fr; w Wtl As, De, Sh, Ta M, Vg KMNI 034 
Hydroleaceae R. Br. ex Edwards       
Hydrolea zeylanica (L.) Vahl  Kasschera Herb, pr; w Wtl Sh, Ss M MAR 3032 
Boraginaceae Juss.       
Heliotropium curassavicum L. Nona-hatisur Herb, pr; w Fl, Rs Sh+, Ss M, Vg GMH 5376 
H. indicum L. Hatisur Herb, er; w Af, Fl, Rs All upazilas+ M GMH 5377 
Cordia dichotoma G. Forst. Bohola, Bola Tree, m; w Sj, Wl Sh Fw, M GMH 5378 
Verbenaceae J. St.-Hil.       
Duranta erecta L. Duranto Shrub; pl Ml, Rs Ka, Ko, Sh, Ss He, M MAR 3033 
Lantana camara L. Kutus kanta Shrub; w Rs, Sj, Wl De, Ka, Ko, Ta Fw, M MAR 3034 
Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E. Br. ex 
Britton & P. Wilson 

Motmotia Shrub; w Fl, Sj Ko, Sh, Ss, Ta M KMNI 035 

Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene Vuiokra Herb, cr; w Fl, Gl, Rs All upazilas+ M KMNI 036 
Lamiaceae Martinov       
Anisomeles indica (L.) Kuntze.  Gobura Herb, er; w Fl, Wl De, Ka, Ko, Ta M GMH 5379 
Clerodendrum indicum (L.) Kuntze  Bamunhatti Shrub; w Fl, Sj, Wl De, Ka, Ss M GMH 5380 
C. infortunatum L. Bhat Shrub; w Fl, Rs, Wl   All upazilas M GMH 5381 
Gmelina arborea Roxb. Gamari Tree, l; pl Rs, Wl As, De, Ka, Sh M, T GMH 5382 
Hyptis capitata Jacq. Tata tokma Herb, er; w Fl, Rs, Sj As, Ko, Ss, Ta M GMH 5383 
H. suaveolens (L.) Poit. Tokma Herb, er; w Fl, Rs, Sj Ko, Ss. Ta M GMH 5384 
Leucas lavandulifolia Sm. Shetodron Herb, er; w Af, Fl, Rs All upazilas M GMH 5385 
 



FLORISTIC COMPOSITION IN THE COASTAL DISTRICT OF SATKHIRA 113 

Table 1 contd. 
Scientific name Bangla name Habit Habitat Distribution Use RSE 
Leonurus sibiricus L. Rokto-dron Herb, er; w Fl, Rs De, Ko, Ta M GMH 5386 
Ocimum americanum L. Bon tulashi Herb, er; w Fl, Hs De, Ka, Ss M GMH 5387 
O. tenuiflorum L. Kalo tulsi Herb, er; w Fl, Hs Sh, Ta M GMH 5388 
Pogostemon benghalensis (Burm. 
f.) Kuntze 

Jui-lata Shrub; w Rs De M GMH 5389 

Premna serratifolia L. Gambari Shrub; w Fm, Sj Ka, Sh+ M GMH 5390 
Rotheca serrata (L.) Steane & 
Mabb. 

Bamanhati Shrub; w Sj, Wl Ka, Ta M GMH 5391 

Salvia splendens Sellow ex Schult. Lal sagi Herb, er; pl Hs, Rs Ss O GMH 5392 
Tectona grandis L. f.  Shegun Tree, l; pl Rs, Wl De, Ko, Ss T GMH 5393 
Vitex negundo L. Nishinda Shrub; w Fl, Sj, Rs Sh+, Ss, Ta M GMH 5394 
*Volkameria inermis L. Shia vat Shrub, li; w Fm, Rb Sh+ M, O GMH 5395 
Plantaginaceae Juss.       
Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst. Brahmi Herb, pr; w Fl, Wtl De, Sh+ M, Vg MAR 3037 
Limnophila heterophylla (Roxb.) 
Benth. 

Patakutra Herb, fr; w Wtl Ka, Sh Ap, M MAR 3038 

Mecardonia procumbens (Mill.) 
Small 

Micardan Herb, pr; w Fl, Gl, Rs All upazilas+ M MAR 3039 

Scoparia dulcis L. Bondhone Herb, er; w Fl, Gl, Rs All upazilas+ M MAR 3040 
Oleaceae Hoffmanns. & Link       
Jasminum sambac (L.) Sol. Beli Shrub; pl Hs Ko, Ss M, O MAR 3035 
Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L. Sheuli Tree, s; pl Hs, Rs As, De, Sh, Ss M, O MAR 3036 
Linderniaceae Borsch, Kai Müll. 
& Eb. Fisch. 

      

Bonnaya antipoda (L.) Druce. Zai ghas Herb, pr; w Fl, Gl, Rs Ko, Sh, Ta M MAR 3042 
Bonnaya ciliata (Colsm.) Spreng. Bhui  papri Herb, pr; w Fl, Gl, Rs De, Ka, Ss M MAR 3043 
Lindernia anagallis (Burm. f.) 
Pennell 

Pani ghas Herb, pr; w Fl, Gl, Rs Ko, Sh, Ss M MAR 3041 

L. procumbens (Krock.) Borbás Bakpuspa Herb, pr; w Fl, Gl, Rs All upazilas+ M MAR 3045 
L. rotundifolia (L.) Alston Tan chapra Herb, pr; w Fl, Rs, Wtl Ko, Sh Ap, M MAR 3046 
Torenia crustacea (L.) Cham. & 
Schltdl. 

Chapra ghas Herb, pr; w Fl, Gl, Rs Ko, Ta M MAR 3044 

Torenia diffusa D. Don  Ushatoren Herb, pr; w Fl, Rs As, Sh, Ss, Ta O MAR 3047 
Acanthaceae Juss.       
*Acanthus ilicifolius L. Hargoza Shrub; w Fm, Rb Sh+ M GMH 5396 
*A. volubilis Wall. Lata hargoza Herb, cl; w Fm, Rb Sh+ M GMH 5397 
Andrographis paniculata (Burm. 
f.) Nees 

Kalomegh Herb, er; w Wl Ka, Ss M GMH 5398 

*Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh. Morichabaen Tree, m; w Wl Sh+ M, T GMH 5399 
*A. officinalis L. Baen Tree, l; w Wl Sh+ M, T GMH 5400 
Dipteracanthus prostratus (Poir.) 
Nees 

Posta booti Herb, pr; w Fl, Sj, Wl As, De, Ka, Ko M GMH 5401 

Ecbolium ligustrinum (Vahl) 
Vollesen 

Shial leza Herb, er; w Fl, Wl De, Ka, Ko M GMH 5402 

Hemigraphis hirta (Vahl) T. 
Anderson 

Buripan Herb, pr; w Fl, Gl, Rs All upazilas+ M GMH 5403 

Hygrophila auriculata 
(Schumach.) Heine 

Kulekhara Herb, er; w Fl Ko M GMH 5404 

H. difformis Blume Bagua Herb, fr; w Wtl  Ka, Ss M GMH 5405 
H. erecta (Burm. f.) Hochr Filareck Herb, er; w Wtl Sh+ M GMH 5406 
 



114 HOSSAIN et al. 

Table 1 contd. 
Scientific name Bangla name Habit Habitat Distribution Use RSE 
H. phlomoides Nees Gokul kanta Herb, er; w Fl Ko, Ss, Ta M GMH 5407 
H. polysperma (Roxb.) T. Anderson Alai kalai Herb, pr; w Fl, Wtl Sh+ M MSR 3325 
H. ringens var. ringens Soza kulekhara Herb, pr; w Fl, Wtl Sh+ M MSR 3324 
Justicia adhatoda L. Basok Shrub; w Ml, Rs As, Ka, Sh, Ta He, M GMH 5408 
J. diffusa Willd.  Pitapapra Herb, pr; w Fl, Sj All upazilas M GMH 5409 
J. gendarussa Burm. f.  Jagotmadan Herb, er; w Fl, Ml, Sj Sh, Ss He, M GMH 5410 
Nelsonia canescens (Lam.) Spreng. Paramul Herb, pr; w Fl, Gl, Wl All upazilas+ M GMH 5411 
Phaulopsis imbricata (Forssk.) 
Sweet  

Bhuiba shak Herb, pr; w Sj, Wl Ka, Ta M GMH 5412 

Ruellia tuberosa L.  Chotpotey Herb, er; w Fl, Wl Sh, Ss, Ta M, O GMH 5413 
Rungia pectinata (L.) Nees Pindi Herb, pr; w Fl, Gl, Rs All upazilas+ P GMH 5414 
Thunbergia grandiflora (Roxb. ex 
Rottl.) Roxb. 

Neel lota Herb, cl; w Fm, Wl As, Ka, Ko M GMH 5415 

Pedaliaceae R. Br.       
Sesamum indicum L. Til Herb, er; cv Af Ko M, Oy KMNI 037 
Bignoniaceae Juss.       
Dolichandrone spathacea (L. f.) 
Seem. 

Gorshinga Tree, m; w Ml Ss M, T GMH 5416 

Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz  Kanaidingi Tree, m; w Sj, Wl As, Ka, Ko Dy, M GMH 5417 
Tecoma stans (L.) Juss. ex Kunth Tecoma Tree, s; pl Rs Ss O GMH 5418 
Lentibulariaceae Rich.       
Utricularia aurea Lour. Patajhajhi Herb, sm; w Wtl As, Sh, Ta M MAR 3048 
Phrymaceae Schauer       
Mimulus orbicularis Wall. Takabari Herb, fr; w Wtl Sh Ap, M GMH 5419 
Rubiaceae Juss.       
Coffea benghalensis B. Heyne ex 
Schult. 

Bangla coffee Shrub; w Sj Ka, Ko M, O SAK 2136 

Dentella repens (L.) J.R. Forst. & 
G. Forst. 

Bhuipat Herb, pr; w Af, Fl, Gl All upazilas M SAK 2137 

Gardenia jasminoides J. Ellis Gondhoraj Shrub; pl Hs Ss M, O SAK 2138 
Hedytis diffusa Wild. Panki Herb, pr; w Fl, Ml, Rs All upazilas+ M GMH 5472 
Hypobathrum racemosum (Roxb.) 
Kurz 

Peetunga Tree, s; w Fm, Wl Ka, Sh+ M GMH 5470 

Ixora coccinea L. Rangon Shrub; pl Hs, Rs All upazilas O SAK 2139 
I. cuneifolia Roxb. Jangli rangon Shrub; w Sj, Wl De, Ka M, O SAK 2140 
I. pavetta Andr. Ban rangon Shrub; w Sj, Wl Ka, Sh+ M, O SAK 2141 
Meyna spinosa Roxb. ex Link Katai Shrub; w Sj, Wl De, Ka, Ko M SAK 2142 
Morinda citrifolia L. Noni Shrub; w Rb, Wl De, Ka M SAK 2143 
Mussaenda erythrophylla 
Schumach. & Thonn. 

Lal mussenda Shrub; pl Hs Ss O SAK 2144 

M. philippica A. Rich. Mussenda Shrub; pl Hs Ko, Ss O SAK 2145 
Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) 
Bosser  

Kadom Tree, l; w Rs, Wl De, Ka, Ss M, T SAK 2146 

Oldenlandia biflora L. Bhui papra Herb, pr; w Fl, Gl Ko, Ta M SAK 2147 
O. corymbosa L. Khet papra Herb, pr; w Af, Fl, Gl All upazilas+ Dy, M SAK 2148 
O. diffusa (Willd.) Roxb. Fussa papra Herb, pr; w Af, Fl, Gl Ko, Sh, Ss M SAK 2149 
O. verticillata L. Notapapra Herb, pr; w Af, Fl, Gl De, Ss, Ta M SAK 2150 
Pavetta indica L. Oriya, Jui Shrub; w Sj, Wl De, Ka Co, M SAK 2151 
Spermacoce articularis L. f.  Baghajangla Herb, pr; w Fl, Ml, Wl All upazilas M SAK 2152 
 



FLORISTIC COMPOSITION IN THE COASTAL DISTRICT OF SATKHIRA 115 

Table 1 contd. 
Scientific name Bangla name Habit Habitat Distribution Use RSE 
Asteraceae Bercht. & J. Presl       
Acmella calva (DC.) R.K. Jansen.  Surjakonnya Herb, pr; w Fl, Gl, Rs  All upazilas+ M SAK 2153 
Ageratum conyzoides (L.) L. Fulkuri Herb, er; w Fl, Ml, Wl All upazilas M SAK 2154 
Blumea lacera (Burm. f.) DC. Shialmutra  Herb, er; w Fl, Gl, Rs All upazilas+ M SAK 2155 
Blumea membranacea Wall. ex DC. Kukurshinga Herb, er; w Fl, Gl, Rs Sh, Ta M SAK 2156 
Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M. 
King & H. Rob. 

Assam-lata Herb, er; w Fl, Fm, Wl De, Ko, Ss, Ta M SAK 2157 

Conyza semipinnatifida Wall. ex 
DC. 

Coniza Herb, er; w Fl, Rs Sh+ M SAK 2158 

Cosmos bipinnatus Cav. Cosmos Herb, er; pl Hs, Rs De, Ko, Ss O KMNI 065 
Cyanthillium cinereum (L.) H. Rob.  Kukshim Herb, er; w Fl, Gl, Rs All upazilas+ M SAK 2159 
Dahlia imperialis Roezl ex Ortgies Dalia Herb, er; pl Hs, Rs Ko, Ss O KMNI 066 
Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. Kalokeshi Herb, pr; w Fl, Gl, Rs All upazilas+ Dy, M SAK 2160 
Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC.  Mechitra Herb, er; w Fl, Gl, Rs  De, Ko, Ss, Ta M SAK 2161 
Enydra fluctuans DC. Helencha Herb, pr; w Wtl De, Sh, Ss, Ta M, Vg SAK 2162 
Glebionis coronaria (L.) Cass. ex 
Spach 

Chandramallika Herb, er; pl Hs, Rs Ko, Ss O GMH 5467 

Gnaphalium polycaulon Pers.  Bara kamra Herb, er; w Fl, Gl De, Ko, Ss M SAK 2163 
Grangea maderaspatana (L.) Poir. Namuti Herb, er; w Af, Fl, Ml Ko, Ss, Ta M SAK 2164 
Helianthus annuus L. Surjomukhi Herb, er; pl Af, Hs As, De, Ss, Ta O, Oy GMH 5468 
Launaea asplenifolia Hook. f. Tik-chana Herb, er; w Fl, Rs Sh+ M SAK 2165 
Mikania cordata (Burm. f.) B.L. 
Rob. 

Assam-lata Herb, cl; w Sj, Fm, Wl All upazilas+ M SAK 2166 

Parthenium hysterophorus L. Parthenum Herb, er; w Fl, Rs  De, Sh, Ss, Ta M SAK 2167 
Pseudognaphalium luteoalbum (L.) 
Hilliard & B.L. Burtt 

Barakamra Herb, er; w Fl, Gl, Rs Ko, Sh, Ss M SAK 2168 

Sonchus arvensis L. Chashar Herb, er; w Fl, Gl, Rs Ta M SAK 2169 
Sphaeranthus indicus L. Mundi Herb, pr; w Af, Fl, Rs Ko, Ss M SAK 2170 
Sphagneticola trilobata (L.) Pruski Bhringaraj Herb, pr; w Fl, Rs Ss Gm, O SAK 2171 
Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn. Nakphul Herb, er; w Fl, Gl, Rs Ka, Ko, Ss, Ta M SAK 2172 
Tagetes erecta L. Gada Herb, er; pl Hs, Rs  All upazilas+ M, O GMH 5469 
Tridax procumbens (L.) L. Tridhara Herb, er; w Fl, Gl, Rs All upazilas M SAK 2173 
Xanthium strumarium L.  Ghagra Herb, er; w Af, Fl, Ml All upazilas M, Vg SAK 2174 
LILIOPSIDA Batsch       
Alismataceae Vent.       
Sagittaria sagittifolia L. Chotokut Herb, er; w Af, Wtl Sh, Ta O, Lf MAR 3070 
Hydrocharitaceae Juss.       
Hydrilla verticillata (L. f.) Royle  Kureli Herb, sm; w Wtl De, Sh, Ss Ap, M GMH 5421 
Najas indica (Willd.) Cham.  Deshijhaji Herb, sm; w Wtl De, Sh, Ss Ap, Gm GMH 5422 
N. minor All. Borojhaji Herb, sm; w Wtl As, De, Sh, Ss Ff, Gm GMH 5423 
Ottelia alismoides (L.) Pers.  Panikala Herb, sm; w Wtl As, Ka, Ss M, Vg GMH 5424 
Vallisneria spiralis L.  Patajhangi Herb, sm; w Wtl Sh, Ta Ap, M GMH 5425 
Aponogetonaceae Planch.       
Aponogeton appendiculatus H. 
Bruggen 

Ghechu Herb, sm; w Wtl Sh, Ss Ap, M MAR 3115 

Potamogetonaceae Bercht. & J. 
Presl 

      

Potamogeton crispus L. Pata zhanchi Herb, sm; w Wtl Sh, Ss, Ta M, Wp MAR 3049 
P. nodosus Poir. Lombu zhanchi Herb, fr; w Wtl As, Sh, Ss M, Wp MAR 3050 
 



116 HOSSAIN et al. 

Table 1 contd. 
Scientific name Bangla name Habit Habitat Distribution Use RSE 
Arecaceae Bercht. & J. Presl       
Areca catechu L.  Supari Palm; pl Hs, Rs All upazilas Dy, M MAR 3051 
Borassus flabellifer L.  Tal Palm; pl Hs, Rs All upazilas Fb, M MAR 3052 
Calamus guruba Buch.-Ham. ex 
Mart. 

Jalibet Palm; pl Ml, Rb, Sj De, Ka Hc MAR 3053 

C. longisetus Griff. Karakbet Palm; pl Ml De, Ka, Ko Hc MAR 3054 
C. tenuis Roxb. Jalibet Palm; pl Ml Ka, Ss Hc, M MAR 3055 
Caryota urens L. Fishtail palm Palm; pl Ml, Rs Ss M, O MAR 3056 
Chamaedorea elegans Mart. Areca palm Palm; pl Hs, Ml, Rs Ss Fb, O MAR 3057 
Cocos nucifera L.  Narikel Palm; pl Hs, Ml, Rs All upazilas+ Fb, Fr MAR 3058 
Elaeis guineensis Jacq. Oil palm Palm; pl Hs , Ml De, Ka, Ss M, Oy MAR 3059 
Livistona chinensis (Jacq.) R. Br. 
ex Mart. 

China tokopata Palm; pl Ml, Rs Ss Fb, Hc MAR 3060 

*Nypa fruticans Wurmb Golpatta Palm; w Rb, Fm Sh+ M, Tm GMH 5426 
*Phoenix paludosa Roxb. Hental Palm; w Fm, Wl Sh+ Fr, Hc GMH 5427 
P. sylvestris (L.) Roxb. Deshi khejur Palm; w Ml, Rs All upazilas+ Ju, M MAR 3061 
Rhapis excelsa (Thunb.) Henry Gurital Palm; pl Hs Ss O MAR 3062 
Roystonea regia (Kunth) O.F. 
Cook 

Bottol palm Palm; pl Ml, Rs Ss O, Tm MAR 3063 

Pandanaceae R. Br.       
Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb. Polau pata Herb, er; pl Fl, Hs Ss M, Pf MAR 3064 
P. foetidus Roxb. Keya kanta Shrub; w Fl, Rb De, Ka M, O MAR 3065 
Araceae Juss.       
Alocasia fornicata (Roxb.) Schott Bish kachu Herb, er; w Fl, Wl De, Ka, Ko, Ta M MAR 3066 
A. macrorrhizos (L.) G. Don Man kachu Herb, er; cv Fl, Hs All upazilas Vg GMH 5428 
Amorphophallus paeoniifolius 
(Dennst.) Nicolson 

Ol kachu Herb, er; cv Af, Hs All upazilas Vg GMH 5429 

Caladium bicolor (Aiton) Vent. Diranga kachu Herb, er; pl Hs De, Ka, Ss O MAR 3067 
Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott Kachu Herb, er; w Af, Fl, Wtl All upazilas+ Vg KMNI 039 
Cryptocoryne ciliata (Roxb.) Fisch. 
ex Wydler 

Kerali Herb, er; w Fl, Rb, Wtl De, Sh+ M, Sb GMH 5430 

Epipremnum aureum (Linden & 
André) G.S. Bunting 

Money plant Herb, cl; w Hs, Wl Ss O MAR 3068 

Lasia spinosa (L.) Thwaites Kata kachu Herb, er; w Fl, Hs, Wtl De, Ka, Ko M, Vg GMH 5431 
Lemna minor L. Sujipana Herb, ff; w Wtl Ss, Ta Ff, Wp KMNI 040 
L. perpusilla Torr. Khudipana Herb, ff; w Wtl All upazilas+ Ff, Wp KMNI 041 
Pistia stratiotes L. Topapana Herb, ff; w Wtl Ko, Ss, Ta M GMH5 432 
Syngonium podophyllum Schott Podolata kachu Herb, pr; w Fl, Hs, Sj Ka, Ss O MAR 3069 
Typhonium flagelliforme (Lodd.) 
Blume 

Ghechu Herb, er; w Af, Fl, Rs De, Ko, Ss, Ta M GMH 5433 

T. trilobatum (L.) Schott Ghet kachu Herb, er; w Fl, Rs All upazilas  M, Vg GMH 5434 
Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) 
Schott 

Dudh kachu Herb, er; w Ml, Hs As, Ka, Ko, Sh M, Vg GMH 5435 

Commelinaceae Mirb.       
Commelina benghalensis L. Kanshira Herb, cr; w Af, Fl, Rs All upazilas+ Dy, M MAR 3071 
C. diffusa Burm. f. Kanshira Herb, cr; w Af, Fl, Rs De, Ko, Ss, Ta Dy, M KMNI 042 
C. erecta L.  Jata kanchira Herb, er; w Fl, Gl, Rs As, Ko, Ss M KMNI 043 
C. longifolia Lam. Pani kanshira Herb, cr; w Fl, Gl, Rs Ko, Sh+, Ta M KMNI 044 
Cyanotis axillaris (L.) D. Don ex 
Sweet 

Baghanulla Herb, pr; w Af, Fl, Gl De, Ka, Ko, Ss M MAR 3072 

C. cristata (L.) D. Don.  Kanai Herb, cr; w Af, Fl, Gl De, Ko, Ta M MAR 3073 
Murdannia nudiflora (L.) Brenan Kureli Herb, cr; w Fl, Ml All upazilas M MAR 3074 



FLORISTIC COMPOSITION IN THE COASTAL DISTRICT OF SATKHIRA 117 

Table 1 contd. 
Scientific name Bangla name Habit Habitat Distribution Use RSE 
Cyperaceae Juss.       
Bulbostylis barbata (Rottb.) C.B. 
Clarke 

Bulbobata Herb, er; w Gl Sh, Ss Lf, Sb MAR 3075 

Cyperus compressus L. Chancha Herb, er; w Af, Fl, Gl All upazilas M MAR 3076 
C. cuspidatus Kunth  Sagarmuthi Herb, er; w Fl, Gl, Rs Sh, Ss, Ta M MAR 3077 
C. difformis L. Behua ghasi Herb, er; w Af, Fl Ko, Ss, Ta M MAR 3078 
C. eragrostis Lam. Bada ghas Herb, er; w Fl, Gl, Rs Ss, Ta Lf, Sb MAR 3079 
C. exaltatus Retz. Tata ghasi Herb, er; w Gl, Wtl Ta M, Tm GMH 5436 
C. iria L. Barachucha Herb, er; w Fl, Gl, Rs Ka, Sh+, Ss, Ta M, Lf GMH 5437 
C. malaccensis Lam. Shumati pati Herb, er; w Wtl Sh+, Ss  Hc, M GMH 5438 
C. pangorei Rottb. Madurkathi Herb, er; w Fl, Wtl Ss, Ta Hc, Lf MAR 3080 
C. rotundus L. Nagarmutha Herb, er; w Fl, Gl, Rs All upazilas Hc, M KMNI 045 
C. tenuiculmis Boeckeler Tonimutha Herb, er; w Wtl Sh+ Lf MSR 3326 
Eleocharis dulcis (Burm. f.) Trin. 
ex Hensch. 

Mishti ghasi Herb, er; w Fl, Ml Sh+ M, Vg MSR 3331 

Fimbristylis dichotoma (L.) Vahl Bara nirbishi Herb, er; w Ml, Wtl Ko, Sh+, Ss Gm, Sb GMH 5439 
F. ferruginea (L.) Vahl Gini fimbry Herb, er; w Gl, Wtl Sh+ Sb, Tm MSR 3335 
Fuirena ciliaris (L.) Roxb.  Poshmi ghas Herb, er; w Fl, Gl, Wtl Ko, Ss, Sh, Ta Lf MAR 3080 
Kyllinga brevifolia Rottb.  Shabujnirbisa Herb, er; w Af, Fl, Gl All upazilas Lf, M KMNI 046 
K. bulbosa P. Beauv. Golanirbisa Herb, er; w Af, Fl, Gl As, Ka, Ss, Ta Lf, M MAR 3081 
K. nemoralis (J.R. Forst. & G. 
Forst.) Dandy ex Hutch. & Dalziel 

Subashinirbisa Herb, er; w Af, Fl, Gl All upazilas Lf, M KMNI 047 

Pycreus polystachyos (Rottb.) P. 
Beauv. 

Pikppli ghas Herb, er; w Gl, Wtl Sh+ Lf, Sb MSR 3340 

P. uniloides (R. Br.) Urb.  Paikol ghas Herb, er; w Fl, Gl, Ml Sh+ Lf, Sb MSR 3332 
Schoenoplectiella articulata (L.) 
Lye 

Chechra Herb, er; w Af, Fl, Wtl Ko, Ss, Sh, Ta Lf, M GMH 5440 

Poaceae Barnhart       
Axonopus compressus (Sw.) P. 
Beauv. 

Karpet ghas Herb, er; w Fl, Gl, Rs All upazilas+ Lf, Sb KMNI 048 

Bambusa balcooa Roxb. Borak bans Bamboo; w Wl De, Ka, Ko, Ss Hc, Vg MAR 3082 
B. nutans Wall. ex Munro Mahal bans Bamboo; w Wl As, Ko, Ss, Ta Pp, Tm MAR 3083 
B. tulda Roxb. Mirtinga Bamboo; w Hs, Wl Ka, Ko, Ss Hc, Pp MAR 3084 
Brachiaria distachya (L.) Stapf Cori ghas Herb, cr; w Gl, Rs All upazilas Lf, Sb GMH 5441 
Chrysopogon aciculatus (Retz.) 
Trin. 

Prem kanta Herb, er; w Gl, Rs All upazilas Hc, Sb GMH 5442 

C. zizanioides (L.) Roberty Bena Herb, er; w Fl, Ml Ka, Ss, Ta M, Sb KMNI 049 
Coix lacryma-jobi L.  Tasbi Herb, er; w Fl, Wtl Ss Hc, M KMNI 050 
Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. Durba ghas Herb, pr; w Af, Fl, Gl All upazilas+ M, Sb KMNI 051 
Cyrtococcum patens (L.) A. Camus Cyrtococcum Herb, pr; w Gl, Rs, Wl De, Ka Lf MAR 3085 
Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) 
Willd. 

Kakpaya Herb, er; w Fl, Gl, Rs As, Sh, Ss, Ta Lf, Sb GMH 5443 

Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koeler Kokjachira Herb, er; w Fl, Gl, Rs Ss, Ta Gm, Sb MAR 3086 
D. longiflora (Retz.) Pers. Kanka-juriya Herb, pr; w Af, Gl, Rs Ss Lf, Sb MAR 3087 
Echinochloa colona (L.) Link. Shama ghas Herb, er; w Af, Fl, Gl All upazilas Lf, Sb MAR 3088 
E. crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.  Barashama ghas Herb, er; w Af, Fl, Gl Sh+, Ss, Ta Lf, M MAR 3089 
Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. Malankuri Herb, er; w Af, Fl, Gl All upazilas M, Sb KMNI 052 
Eragrostis amabilis (L.) Wight & 
Arn. 

Koni ghas Herb, er; w Af, Fl, Gl De, Ka, Ss O, Sb MAR 3090 

E. tremula Hochst. ex Steud. Chiranula Herb, er; w Fl, Gl, Rs As, Ka, Ss, Ta Lf, Tm MAR 3091 
Hemarthria protensa Steud. Chaila Herb, er; w Ml, Wtl Ss Lf, Sb MAR 3092 
 



118 HOSSAIN et al. 

Table 1 contd. 

Scientific name Bangla name Habit Habitat Distribution Use RSE 

Hygroryza aristata (Retz.) Nees ex 
Wight & Arn. 

Jongli dhan Herb, er; w Wtl As, Ta Lf, M GMH 5444 

Isachne globosa (Thunb.) Kuntze Isacdana Herb, er; w Gl, Fl Ko, Ss Lf, Sb MAR 3093 
Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch. Chhan Herb, er; w Gr, Ml, Rs All upazilas Sb, Tm GMH 5445 
Leersia hexandra Sw. Arali Herb, pr; w Wtl As, Ss, Ta Lf GMH 5446 
Leptochloa chinensis (L.) Nees  Phulka ghas Herb, er; w Af Ss, Ta Lf MAR 3094 
*Myriostachya wightiana (Nees ex 
Steud.) Hook. f. 

Balia ghas Herb, er; w Fm, Wl Sh+ Lf, Tm GMH 5447 

Oplismenus burmanni (Retz.) P. 
Beauv. 

Jabri durba Herb, er; w Fl, Rs, Wl All upazilas Lf GMH 5448 

O. compositus (L.) P. Beauv.  Gohur Herb, er; w Fl, Rs, Wl All upazilas+ Lf GMH 5449 
Oryza sativa L.  Dhan Herb, er; cv Af All upazilas Ed, Lf MAR 3095 
Panicum brevifolium L.  Bashpati ghas Herb, er; w Af, Gl, Ml Ko, Ss Lf, Sb MAR 3095 
P. repens L. Dhani ghas Herb, er; w Af, Fl, Gl All upazilas+ Lf, Sb MAR 3096 
Paspalidium flavidum (Retz.) A. 
Camus  

Karing ghas Herb, er; w Fl, Gl, Ml Ka, Sh, Ss Lf, Sb MAR 3097 

P. conjugatum P.J. Bergius. Moisshya ghas Herb, er; w Gl, Hs, Rs Ss, Sh+ M, Sb MAR 3099 
P. distichum L. Chhotogoicha Herb, er; w Ml, Wtl All upazilas Lf, Sb MAR 3100 
P. scrobiculatum L. Bishmona ghas Herb, er; w Fl, Gl, Rs As, Ko, Ss Lf, Sb MAR 3101 
P. vaginatum Sw. Gina ghas Herb, pr; w Gl, Wtl Sh+ Lf, Sb MSR 3336 
Phragmites karka (Retz.) Trin. ex 
Steud. 

Nal khagra Herb, er;w Rb, Wtl Ka, Ss Hc, Sb GMH 5450 

*Porteresia coarctata (Roxb.) 
Tateoka 

Dhanshi Herb, er; w Rb, Wtl Sh+ Lf, Sb GMH 5451 

Saccharum spontaneum L. Kash Herb, er; w Fl, Fm, Rs De, Ka, Ss Sb, Tm GMH 5452 
Sacciolepis indica (L). A. Chase Siltatto ghas Herb, er; w Ml, Wtl Ss, Ta Lf MAR 3102 
Sporobolus indicus (L.) R. Br. Smut ghas Herb, er; w Fl, Gl, Rs Ko, Ss M, Tm MAR 3103 
Zea mays L. Bhutta Herb, er; pl Af Ko, Ss Ed, Lf MAR 3104 
Zoysia matrella (L.) Merr. Baissa ghas Herb, pr; w Fl, Gl Sh+ Lf, Sb MSR 3339 
Strelitziaceae Hutch.       
Ravenala madagascariensis Sonn. Panthopadap Tree, s; pl Hs Ss O KMNI 053 
Musaceae Juss.       
Musa paradisiaca L.  Kachkola Herb, er; w Fl, Hs, Ml All upazilas Fr, Vg MAR 3105 
Typhaceae Juss.       
Typha elephantina Roxb. Hogla patta Herb, er; w Wtl Sh, Ss, Ta Ed, M  GMH 5453 
Zingiberaceae Martinov       
Curcuma longa L. Halud Herb, er; cv Fl, Hs All upazilas M, Sp KMNI 054 
C. zedoaria (Christm.) Rosc.  Sathi Herb, er; w Fl, Gl, Rs As, Ka, Ko, Ta M, Pf KMNI 055 
Hedychium coronarium J. König Dolon chapa Herb, er; cv Hs, Rs Ss M, O KMNI 056 
Kaempferia angustifolia Roscoe Ekangi Herb, er; w Fl, Wl De M, O GMH 5454 
Zingiber officinale Roscoe Ada Herb, er; cv Fl, Hs Ka, Ko M, Sp KMNI 057 
Z. zerumbet (L.) Roscoe ex Sm. Mohaboribotch Herb, er; w Fl, Hs, Sj As, Ka, Ko, Ta M, Pf KMNI 058 
Costaceae Nakai       
Cheilocostus speciosus (J. Koenig) 
C.D. Specht  

Keomul Herb, er; w  Fl, Wl  Ka, Ko M KMNI 059 

Cannaceae Juss.       
Canna indica L. Kolabati Herb, er; w Fl, Hs, Rs All upazilas M, O KMNI 060 
 



FLORISTIC COMPOSITION IN THE COASTAL DISTRICT OF SATKHIRA 119 

Table 1 contd. 

Scientific name Bangla name Habit Habitat Distribution Use RSE 

Marantaceae R. Br.       
Schumannianthus dichotomus 
(Roxb.) Gagnep. 

Shital pati Shrub; w Hs, Wtl Ka Hc, M GMH 5455 

Pontederiaceae Kunth       
Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms Kachuripana Herb, ff, w Wtl All upazilas Gm, Lf GMH 5457 
Monochoria hastata (L.) Solms Bara nukha Herb, er, w Wtl Ss, Ta Gm,Vg MAR 3106 
M. vaginalis (Burm. f.) C. Presl  Nukha Herb, er; w Wtl Ss, Ta M, Vg GMH 5458 
Amaryllidaceae J. St.-Hil.       
Allium cepa L. Piyaj Herb, er; cv Af, Hs As, Ko, Ta M, Sp MAR 3109 
A. sativum L. Rashun Herb, er; cv Af, Hs As, Ko, Ss M, Sp MAR 3110 
Crinum americanum L. Baro kanur Herb, er; w Hs, Wl As, De, Ko, Ss M, O MAR 3111 
C. asiaticum L.  Shukdarshan Herb, er; w Hs, Wl De, Sh M, O MAR 3112 
Scadoxus multiflorus (Martyn) Raf. Agnigolock Herb, er; pl Fl, Hs Sh M, O MAR 3113 
Asparagaceae Juss.       
Agave americana L. Shatabdi udvid Herb, er; cv Hs Ss M, O MAR 3107 
Cordyline fruticosa (L.) A. Chev. Agnishwar Herb, er; cv Hs, Rs Ss M, O MAR 3108 
Hypoxidaceae R. Br.       
Curculigo orchioides Gaertn.  Talmuli Herb, er; w Sj, Wl De, Ka, Ko M GMH 5459 
Xanthorrhoeaceae Dumort.       
Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f. Ghritakumari Herb, er; cv Hs Ss Co, M MAR 3114 
Smilacaceae Vent.       
Smilax ovalifolia Roxb.  Kumarika Herb, cl; w Sj, Wl As, De, Ka, Ss M MAR 3116 
S. perfoliata Lour.  Kumari lata Herb, cl; w Sj, Wl Ko, Ss M MAR 3117 
Dioscoreaceae R. Br.       
Dioscorea alata L. Chupri alu Herb, cl; cv Hs, Sj As, Ka, Sh, Ss M, Vg GMH 5460 
D. pentaphylla L. Jhum alu Herb, cl; w Sj, Wl Ko, Ss M, Vg GMH 5461 
Orchidaceae Juss.       
*Luisia brachystachys (Lindl.) 
Blume 

Borolucia Herb, ep; w Op Sh+ M, O MSR 3333 

*L. tristis (G.Forst.) Hook. f. Lucia Herb, ep; w Op Sh+ O, Pf GMH 5462 
Geodorum densiflorum (Lam.) 
Schltr.  

Sankhamul Herb, er; w Sj, Wl De, Sh M, O GMH 5463 

Vanda tessellata (Roxb.) Hook. ex 
G. Don. 

Rasna Herb, ep; w Op Ss M, O GMH 5464 

*Zeuxine strateumatica (L.) Schltr. Setguli Herb, er; w Gl, Ml Sh+ O GMH 5465 
 

Notes: Habit: cl- climber, cr- creeper, cv- cultivated, em- emergent, ep- epiphyte, er- erect, ff- free floating, fr- floating 
with rooted, l- large, li- liana, lp- lithophyte, m- medium, pl- planted  pr- prostrate, ps- parasite, s-small, sc- scandant, sm- 
submerged, vi- vine, w- wild. Habitat: Af- Agri-field, Fl- Fallow land, Fm- Forest margin, Gl- Grassland, Hs- Homestead, 
Ml- Marginal land, Obw- On brick wall, Op- On plant, Rb- River bank, Rs- Roadside, Sj- Scrub jungle, Wl- Woodland, 
Wtl- Wetland. Distribution: As- Ashasuni upazila, De- Debhata upazila, Ka- Kaligonj upazila, Ko- Kolarowa upazila, Sh- 
Shaymnagar upazila, Ss- Satkhira sadar upazila, Ta- Tala upazila. + (plus mark)- distribution in Sundarban mangrove 
forest of Shaymnagar upazila; * (asterisk mark) - Species recorded only from the Sundarban part of Satkhira district. Uses: 
Ap- aquarium plant, Co- Cosmetics, Dy- Dye yielding, Ed- Edible, Fb- Fibre, Ff- Fish feed, Fp- Fish poison, Fr- Fruit, Fw- 
Fuel wood, Gm- Green manure, Gu- Gum, Hc- Handicrafts, He- Hedge, Hp- Honey plant, Ju- Juice, Lf- Livestock feed, 
M- Medicine, O- Ornamental, Oy- Oil yielding, Pf- Perfume, Pp- Paper pulp, Pu- Pulse, Sb- Soil binder, Sp- Spice, T- 
Timber, Tm- Theaching material, Vg- Vegetable, Wp- Water purify; RSE (Representative Specimen Examined): GMH- 
Gazi Mosharof Hossain, KMNI- Khandaker Mohammad Noor Islam, MAR- Md. Abdur Rahim, MSR- Mohammad 
Sayedur Rahman, SAK- Saleh Ahammad Khan. 



120 HOSSAIN et al. 

 Total 147 plant species including 113 species of dicotyledons, 31 species of monocotyledons 
and three species of Pteridophytes were found in all upazilas, but no species of Gymnosperms was 
commonly found in all upazilas. Only 71, 44, 14, 12, six and four species were exclusively found 
in Shyamnagar, Satkhira Sadar, Kaligonj, Debhata, Kolaroa and Tala upazila, respectively and no 
species was exclusively distributed in Assashuni upazila. In this district, the plant species were 
found in diverse habitats, however, most of the species were well-adapted in fallow lands and 
roadsides, which were followed by, woodlands, homesteads, agricultural fields, scrub jungles, 
grass lands, wetlands, marginal lands (including forest margins and river banks). Some species 
were also found on few tree species and on brick walls (Fig. 3). 
 

 
 

Fig. 3. Distribution of plant species in different habitats of Satkhira district. 
 

 All species recorded from Satkhira district are economically or ecologically useful and most 
of these species have more than one uses. Most of the species (476; 71.69%) are useful as 
medicine, which are followed by 112 (16.87%) species of ornamentals, 73 (10.99%) of vegetables, 
50 (7.53%) of fruits and livestock feed each, 38 (5.72%) of timbers, 33 (4.97%) of fibres and 26 
(3.92%) of fuel woods. Additionally, 19 (2.86%) species have been distinguished as useful in 
producing green manure, 17 (2.56%) in dye yielding, 14 (2.11%) in handicrafts making, 12 
(1.81%) as hedge, 12 (1.81%) as thatching material, 11 (1.66%) as spices and 10 (1.51%) as oil 
yielding. Few species have been recognized as useful as pulse, water purifying, perfume, 
cosmetics, edible, fish feed, paper pulp, fish poison, gum, honey plant and juice plant.   
 In the study area, 17 species, viz. Acanthus volubilis (Acanthaceae), Andrographis paniculata 
(Acanthaceae), Baliospermum solanifolium (Euphorbiaceae), Barringtonia acutangula 
(Lecythidaceae), Casearia tomentosa (Salicaceae), Cerbera odollam (Apocynaceae), Diospyros 
malabarica (Ebenaceae), Dodonaea viscosa (Sapindaceae), Dolichandrone spathacea 
(Bignoniaceae), Geodorum densiflorum (Orchidaceae), Kaempferia angustifolia (Zingiberaceae), 
Luisia brachystachys (Orchidaceae), Parkinsonia aculeata (Caesalpiniaceae), Pavetta indica 
(Rubiaceae), Rauvolfia serpentina (Apocynaceae), Scadoxus multiflorus (Amaryllidaceae) and 
Zeuxine strateumatica (Orchidaceae) were found as rare with small population, poor regeneration 
and restricted distribution. Among these species, A. paniculata and R. serpentina are listed as 
threatened species for Bangladesh (Khan et al., 2001). 
 The taxonomic enumeration of Angiosperm species reported by this study from Satkhira 
district covering 3,817.29 km² area, is nearly similar to that of Narsingdi district composed of 
3360.59 km² area (Khanam et al., 2020; Khanam and Khan, 2020), lower than those reported from 
Patuakhali district of 3221.31 km² area (Sultana, 2012) and Gazipur district of 1806.36 km² area 



FLORISTIC COMPOSITION IN THE COASTAL DISTRICT OF SATKHIRA 121 

(Tabassum, 2015) and higher than that recorded from Rajshahi district situated on 2407.01 km² 
area (Rahman, 2013).  

On the other hand, the taxonomic account of Angiosperm species found in six of the seven 
upazilas of Satkhira district, viz. Satkhira Sadar, Kaligonj, Shaymnagar, Debhata, Kolarowa and 
Tala, are higher than those previously reported from different upazilas of some districts of the 
country, viz. Ramgarh upazila of Khagrachhari district (Islam et al., 2009), Dhamrai upazila of 
Dhaka district (Rahman et al., 2012), Sadar upazila of Munshiganj district (Rahman et al., 2013), 
Manikgonj Sadar upazila of Manikgonj district (Sarker et al., 2013), Sadar upazila of Naogaon 
district (Nahar and Rahman, 2016), Mahadebpur upazila of Naogaon district (Rahman and Kona, 
2016), Sreenagar upazila of Munshigang district (Mahmudah et al., 2017), Ishwardi of Pabna 
district (Roy and Rahman, 2018), and Gafargaon upazila of Mymensingh district (Rahman et al., 
2019) (Fig. 4). In contrast, this enumeration of Angiosperm species is lower than those reported 
from Belabo and Shibpur upazilas and nearly similar to those reported from Monohordi and Sadar 
upazila of Narsingdi district (Khanam et al., 2020; Khanam and Khan, 2020) (Fig. 4). 
 
 

 
 

Fig. 4. Angiosperms species composition in different upazilas of Satkhira district in comparison to previous 
records from different upazilas of some districts of Bangladesh. 

 

 Satkhira district is a vulnerable coastal area of Bangladesh due to both natural disasters and 
anthropogenic causes (Rahman and Ferdous, 2017). Frequent natural disasters, increasing salinity 
intrusion in both soil and water, invasion of some exotic species (Acacia auriculiformis, 
Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Prosopis juliflora), poor regeneration, waterlogging and lack of proper 
management programs etc. are the critical natural problems and threats for its habitat- and 
ecosystem degradation, the consequences of which are generating colossal negative effects on the 
local flora and vegetation in this district (Kabir and Eva, 2014). Satkhira is one of the three 
districts of Bangladesh that accommodate around 80% of total shrimp production (Chowdhury and 
Muniruzzaman, 2003; Karim, 2003). But the widespread and increasing shrimp farming in this 
district is now a major anthropogenic threat that is likely to bring severe damages to the local 
environment and ecosystems, and ultimately to the local flora and vegetation (Kabir and Eva, 
2014). However, the flora of the study area is still rich and withstanding through facing frequent 
natural disasters and severe human interferences, though some of its areas are almost bare.  
 The taxonomic information provided by this study on the vascular plants of Satkhira districts, 
might serve as an important guiding database to track the trend of changes in the floristic 
composition, plant species diversity and vegetation in course of time, especially due to natural and 



122 HOSSAIN et al. 

anthropogenic threats, contribute in undertaking appropriate biodiversity conservation initiatives 
and plant resource-based socio-economic development, and help in estimating the impacts of 
climate change in this area. This study highly recommends for regular inventories, monitoring and 
problem-specific research programs on the flora and plant diversity of this district, conducting 
intensive research for finding the effective wind and saline tolerant plant species, accomplishment 
of adequate plantation with appropriate species in the marginal lands of coastal- and river bank 
areas and implementation of adequate measures for conservation of the threatened and depleting 
plant species of this district. 
 
Acknowledgements 
 The authors express their sincere thanks to Grant for Advanced Research in Education 
(GARE), BANBEIS, for funding this study. The authors are grateful to all people who were 
directly or indirectly involved in this study. The authors are thankful to the Chief Editor and the 
Reviewers of the Journal for their critical review of the manuscript. 
 
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