BCP Education & Psychology ERHSS 2023 Volume 9 (2023) 244 Injury Accidents and Precaution Measures in Schools Wenwen Li* School of Humanities, Arts and Education, Shandong Xiehe University, Jinan, China *Corresponding author: 871656383@qq.com Abstract. The healthy growth of young children is of great significance to social harmony and family happiness. Although all parties in the society have paid more attention to kindergarten injury accidents, accidents frequently occur in the kindergarten, which seriously affect the physical and mental development of young children. In order to provide a good growth environment for young children, the author analyzes the causes of kindergarten injury accidents and proposes several safety management strategies. Keywords: kindergarten; injury accidents; safety management. 1. Introduction Kindergarten injury accidents refer to personal injuries of young children happened in kindergartens. It usually occurs during the process of implementing education and teaching activities in kindergartens or outside activities organized by kindergartens. The site where the accident occurred is the garden, other educational and teaching facilities, and living facilities. In recent years, due to the frequent occurrence of accidental personal injury accidents in the kindergartens, the attention of all sectors of society including kindergartens has been aroused. In order to eliminate the hidden dangers of personal accidents among young children, various levels of government and education departments try to establish a preventive mechanism for accidents of children in the park, strengthen the safety education of young children, and reduce the occurrence of accidents. 2. Organization of the Text The causes of injury accidents is from nothing more than social, family and kindergarten. The intervention of injury accidents is the responsibility of each kindergarten, and it is also the responsibility of society and families. In other words, the intervention of kindergarten injury accidents has an inseparable relationship with society, families and kindergartens. 2.1 Social reasons The civilization and progress of the society enable more children to receive formal pre-school education. The kindergartens not only accept children who are at the age of three, but also extends the scope of the education to below the age of three. The kindergartens assume the responsibility of education and care of most children in the whole society. Because of the increase in the number of children, the expansion of the scope of activities and the variety of activities, the probability of accidental injury to children naturally rises. The pressure of social competition makes the evaluation of children’s intellectual development the main basis. The evaluation of kindergartens in the society is often based on the teaching quality, so kindergartens have to cater to the needs of society and neglect children’s safety issues. 2.2 Family reasons 2.2.1 The weakness of parents’ awareness of safety Some parents do not communicate with the teacher about the child’s physique, and even conceal the child’s disease, so that the kindergarten can not properly prevent or control the child’s injury. Many parents have weak security awareness. They simply don’t think that children will have BCP Education & Psychology ERHSS 2023 Volume 9 (2023) 245 accidents. The proportion of accidents in the kindergarten is closely related to parents’ educational methods. Under the influence of exam-oriented education, parents only pay more attention to the “knowledge”education of their children. They believe that as long as children learn well, other aspects can be neglected. Parents overestimate their child’s awareness about safety. The survey also found that parents lacked an understanding of the child safety situation and often overestimated the child's self-protection ability. Parents believed that the child understood self-protection and ignored education on child safety. For example, in the survey of 150 senior children in a kindergarten in China, the number of children who passed the test was only 83, but the number of children who were estimated to pass the test was 134. This is one of the reasons for the parents to neglect safety education for children. Some parents are aware of some factors that are unfavorable to children's development, but they only take all-round protection for children. They think that“less activities, less accidents”. Many things that should be done by children are all done by their parents. Besides, the parents put strict restrictions on children’s activities and deprive children of the opportunity to improve their self- protection. In the end, children lack the basic ability to prevent dangerous things and then many accidents occur. 2.2.2 Excessive protection of the only-child has led to new problems in the prevention of accidents in kindergartens At present, the only-child like the flowers in the greenhouse, is loved by the parents and grandparents. Due to the excessive protection and excessive substitution of parents, there is no more practical opportunities for little children. As a result, children will increase their dependence on adults and lack the physiological basis of self-protection, that is the healthy constitution. In particular, many parents only pay attention to their children’s intellectual development, and often neglect to cultivate their children’s living habits and self-service ability. Usually they don’t expressly prohibit the dangerous behaviors and bad habits of young children. Then the bad living habits are hidden dangers of accidents. 2.3 Kindergarten reasons 2.3.1 The incomplete management system of Kindergarten Kindergarten managers have weak security awareness and unreasonable thought. The managers only pay more attention to teaching and management, and neglect the safety management of kindergartens. Although they have the safety rules and regulations related to children but most of them are implemented and the regulations are not put into practice. This has created opportunities for some criminals, etc. Once the injuries occurred, the kindergarten will shirk its responsibility and punishment. Apart from this, the kindergarten’s safety inspection and supervision mechanism is not in place. There are no specific staff members who are assigned to perform regular inspections and repairs on the facilities and equipment in the kindergarten. The kindergarten teachers are also unable to pay attention to the facilities and equipment during teaching, and thus they fail to notice security risks in the kindergarten in time. 2.3.2 The incomplete management system of Kindergarten The size of kindergartens in our city is generally small. There are only several classes and the number of faculty and staff is few. Because of the limited capital investment, the kindergarten do not have enough money to improve safety technology facilities. Some safe and advanced security facilities, such as shuttle recorders, video surveillance equipment, canteen thermostats, canteen health monitoring equipment, alarm systems, identification systems, etc. are expensive. It is hard for the kindergartens to use their own funds to purchase. On the other hand, the superior department has never uniformly equipped such facilities for all the kindergartens. BCP Education & Psychology ERHSS 2023 Volume 9 (2023) 246 2.3.3 Light safety education of the teachers First, preschool teachers have insufficient understanding of the importance of protecting children’s safety during organizing children’s daily life. They lack safe and effective protective measures. At the same time, they have paralysis thoughts, which cause children to experience personal injury accidents during playing games, eating, doing outdoor activities, etc. Some teachers neglect their duties and work responsibility is not strong. The corporal punishment or disguised corporal punishment of children are also an important cause of kindergarten injury accidents. Second, it is impossible for the teachers to stop and correct the unsafe behaviors of young children in time during daily life. Most of the time, in order to protect the children, teachers choose to restrict the behaviors of the children rather than conduct safety education. As a result, the children lack of self-security awareness and self-protection. Poor ability is also a cause of accidental accidents in kindergarten children. Third, effective and reasonable safety education for young children is also an important way to avoid accidents involving children. Some kindergartens lack the relevant content of safety education in the curriculum system, or the safety education content is old and simple. The safety education for children is mainly based on the level of knowledge in stead of the practical safety skills. The children can’t fully understand the meaning of the safety guidelines. As a result, children have no defensive awareness and self-protection ability against personal injury accidents. 3. Kindergarten safety management strategies 3.1 Kindergarten management 3.1.1 Kindergarten safety education based on children’s cognition Kindergarten safety education should be focused on preschool children’s age and gender differences. Besides, the cognitive ability and thinking characteristics of preschool children’s accidental injuries should also be taken into consideration. Around common accidental injuries such as falls, car accidents, poisoning, burns, animal injuries, crush injuries, accidental asphyxia, the author designed twenty projects which are used to investigate the cognitive level of children. The results showed that preschool children had insufficient knowledge of accidental injuries or formed incorrect perceptions. Other studies found that children had higher levels of cognition about injuries and wrestling. The cognitive level of poisoning, electric shock and abduction is low, mainly due to the intuitive characteristics of young children, and it is difficult to break away from the specific situation thinking characteristics. Some scholars also make researches on the cognitive characteristics of children’s accidental injuries and the characteristics of accidental behaviors. Children with more accidental behaviors should pay special attention to raising the level of accidental injury awareness. In addition, arousing children’s fear can change children’s perception of injury and thus reduce their risky behavior. Children’s awareness of accidental injuries provides a scientific basis for safety education to prevent accidental injuries. 3.1.2 Legislative construction of kindergarten safety management At present, the relevant legal system for pre-school education in China is still under construction. There is no clear definition of the duties and obligations that government departments should have: such as the examination and approval system for setting and construction, the responsibility and obligations for regular inspection and maintenance of kindergartens and the maintenance of the security order around the kindergarten, etc. To this end, relevant government departments should formulate and improve relevant laws and regulations, and determine the relevant provisions of government duties, so that the safety management of kindergartens can be based on laws. 3.1.3 Make full use of community resources to form synergy Whether children are safe or not can not be the only responsibility of kindergartens, but should be the common responsibility of the whole society. Everyone has the basic moral bottom line, so that BCP Education & Psychology ERHSS 2023 Volume 9 (2023) 247 children can be cultivated in an environment that advocates virtue. We should promote positive living habits in this civilized and orderly environment, give full play to the advantages of the community and promote the connection between the community and the kindergarten. The kindergartens should strengthen communication with local community leaders and parents, and then try to form a synergy of education. 3.2 Strengthening the safety, legal system and moral education of faculty It is absolutely necessary to prevent the accidental accidents of kindergarten children from happening in advance, and to provide full and all-round safety legal education and professional ethics education for kindergarten teachers. First of all, kindergartens should include the safety education of faculty in the kindergarten plan and the regular agenda. It is necessary to regularly organize faculty to use various forms to learn safety knowledge, enhance safety awareness, and improve safety and prevention skills. It is necessary to set up a safety work training course or hold a safety drill to improve the safety awareness of the whole teachers and to improve the safety literacy of the staff. For some newly recruited educators and nurses, special pre-job safety regulations, safety knowledge learning and safety skills training should be organized. If they pass the assessment, they can be employed. Second, it is necessary to improve the legal quality of preschool teachers. Through various forms of learning related laws and regulations, it can improve the legal awareness of kindergarten staff and staff, strengthen the concept of the legal system, and form a good law-abiding habit. Third, it is necessary to strengthen the professional ethics education of preschool teachers and guide teachers to establish correct educational concepts. The teachers should be devoted to their duties, love their jobs, love children, care for young children, prevent simplification of educational methods, and ensure the healthy development of children’s physical and mental health. This is also the effective way to reduce the accidental injury of kindergarten children. 3.3 Preventive strategies for parents of young children Parents of young children must have safety knowledge, have a certain professional quality, and use safety signs in their lives to conduct safety education for young children. Parents should communicate with young children, participate in the activities of young children, understand the ideas of young children, and help young children form good habits. They can communicate with the preschool teachers in time when picking up the children and keep abreast of the one-day performance of the children in the kindergarten. Parents of young children should understand the environment and educational methods of kindergartens, make suggestions for places where kindergartens are imperfect, and work with kindergartens to create a safe educational environment for young children. Children should be educated in the same way with kindergartens at home, so that they can better educate their children. Parents should not over-love their children, and they should cultivate children’s safety awareness. Parents should be aware that the cause of a child’s safety accident is not entirely the responsibility of the kindergarten, but may also be determined by the child’s own physical development and psychological characteristics. Therefore, parents should improve their ability to adapt to society and avoid danger. Parents should take timely guidance from all aspects of family life in the words and deeds of young children. 3.4 National support 3.4.1 Improve preschool education legislation Although China’s pre-school education has developed rapidly, it is not perfect because of many factors. There is no sound preschool education legal system in China. This is inconsistent with the current pre-school education in China. It is an inevitable trend for the government to use legislation to guarantee and promote the development of preschool education. If there is no law specifically dealing with the incident of child injury in kindergartens, that means there is no legal guarantee when the problem arises. In the end, things can’t be solved in time, or the judgment is unfair, which will BCP Education & Psychology ERHSS 2023 Volume 9 (2023) 248 affect the family of young children, the physical and mental development of children, and the normal work of kindergartens. Therefore, the country must strengthen and improve relevant laws and regulations, clarify the legal status of kindergartens, and build relevant laws and regulations. 3.4.2 Establish and improve the social insurance system Kindergartens are non-profit and the funds are financed by the state. If you rely solely on kindergartens to take huge compensation, it will hinder the development of kindergartens. Therefore, we can use insurance to refer to the experience of foreign countries to share the responsibility risks of kindergartens and reduce the compensation burden of kindergartens. First, government organizations insure insurance for kindergartens. Second, special funds are invested in insurance companies. In order to solve the problem of compensation for accidents in the kindergarten, the risk responsibility of the kindergarten is transferred and the socialization of compensation is realized. Third, the government can set up special funds, specifically for compensation for children’s injury incidents. 3.4.3 Increase funding for early childhood education From the occurrence of child injury incidents, it is related to insufficient funding and poor educational conditions. Since early childhood education is a non-compulsory education, the state does not pay enough attention to it, and it has less investment in the national finance of early childhood education. Because there is not enough financial support, the early childhood education is not well developed, the teaching conditions in the kindergarten are relatively poor, and the education and teaching facilities have security problems. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the proportion of funds invested and improve the conditions of kindergartens to prevent and mitigate personal injury to children. 3.5 Cooperation between family and kindergarten Both family and kindergarten have the obligation and responsibility to strengthen the children’s self-protection awareness before the accidental injury occurs in the kindergarten. They should try to develop the self-protection ability of the children to cope with accidental injury. Enhancing parents’ awareness and prevention can effectively prevent accidental injuries in children. For example, kindergartens can use the WeChat public account to push knowledge and methods to prevent accidental injuries among children. They can also invite parents to participate in kindergarten safety management, and develop parent-child safety education activities, etc. improving parents’ awareness and protection of accidental injury prevention of children can reduce children’s accidental injuries in the family environment. Behavioral behavior also reduces the behavioral habits of children in the kindergarten. 4. Summary The personal safety of young children in kindergartens is an important part of kindergarten work. Teachers and directors need to pay attention to the physical safety of young children while organizing children to carry out various activities. Because of the age characteristics and psychological characteristics of young children, the protection of young children cannot be nuanced. The causes of security incidents are social problems as well as kindergartens and families. The author puts forward several safety management strategies and hopes to provide reference for the kindergarten to reduce the incidence of injury accidents. References [1] Opkinsks, Writa JV, Mortcnscn BK, etal. Childhood injury mortality in Ohio, 1979 to 1986. AJDC, 1990, 144: 79 BCP Education & Psychology ERHSS 2023 Volume 9 (2023) 249 [2] Haddon W. Injury Brown Little Brown control，disease etiology and prevention 2nded. Boston Little Se Co, 1981: 109-125 [3] Carter YH, Jones Pw. Accidents among children under five years old: a general practice based study in north Staffordshire [J]: BrJ Gen Pract. 1993, 43 (369): 159-163 [4] Wang Miao. Analysis of the Injury Accidents in Kindergartens and the Construction of Prevention and Treatment System [D]. Thesis. Inner Mongolia Teaching University, 2010: 30 (in Chinese) [5] Xu Yin, Wu Jin, Ning Yuanlin. Investigation and Analysis of Accidental Injuries Among Preschool Children [J]. Practical preventive medicine, 2007(12) (in Chinese)