BCP Education & Psychology ESPS 2022 Volume 4 (2022) 321 The Lexicalization of “Bao Buzhu”and Motivation of Evolution Siyuan Xing College of International Exchange, Tianjin Foreign Studies University, Tianjin, China Abstract. The first appearance of “Bao Buzhu” was at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, “Bao Buzhu”, as a verb phrase, acted as predicate element in a sentence. At Qing Dynasty, “Bao Buzhu” still be a verb phrase, at this moment, “Bao Buzhu” [+hope] semanteme disappeared; The next evolution of “Bao Buzhu” was from verb phrase to an adverb, when Qing Dynasty ended and the Republic of China began, this usage became popular, and it means speculation. From Yuan Dynasty to now, because of the usage of verb phrase become popular, “Bao Buzhu” had become a verb right now. We think the evolve reason of “Bao Buzhu” is the change of syntactic structure, frequency of utilization, reanalyze, semantic grammaticalization and the effect of language environment. Keywords: “Bao Buzhu”; Lexicalization; Evolvement mechanism. 1. Introduction 1.1 A review of research on lexicalization of enactive complementary structures Although the current research on lexicalization is a focus and a hot topic, there is still a lack of research on energetic declarative-complementary structures, and there is still a lot of research that can be done. The proportion of the descriptive-complementary structures in modern Chinese is very high, such as "V bude", "V deqi ", "V buqi", "V dezhu ", "V buzhu" and so on. Due to the different motives and mechanisms of lexicalization and grammaticalization, each of these structures has a different process of lexicalization and grammaticalization. 1.2 Review and analysis of previous work The phrase " Bao Buzhu " belongs to the category of "V buzhu" in the "V bu C" structure, where V is a verb, "not V is a verb, "not" is usually taken as a negative adverb, and "bu C" is a complement. The process and reasons of lexicalization and grammaticalization have been analyzed from the syntactic, semantic and pragmatic aspects, starting from the object and scope of the structure. From the semantic point of view of its object and scope of study, Zhang Zhaona (2013) argues that this structure is used to indicate "possibility" or "ability", e.g., " Bao Buzhu " should be combined with the structure of " Bao Buzhu " should be combined with the structure of " Bao Buzhu " to see "Baobu/Dezhu", where "can keep" refers to the ability to keep and "bao buzhu "It is a kind of "can category". In this regard, Sun Qingbo (2014) argues that the semantic meaning of the structure is to have the desire but not to be able to do it, to subjectively wish to succeed but the objective conditions do not allow it. In terms of syntactic structure, Fan Lifang (2008) points out that the verbs in the "V Buzhu " structure can be divided into two categories: the first category is instantaneous, and the second category is the one that can lead to the occurrence (non-occurrence) of a firm state. The sub-structure of "V bu C" is the second category, and the function of "Bao" is to maintain the person or thing that is expressed by the object that follows. Zhang Wangxi (1999) points out that V is an autonomous verb and "Bao" is an autonomous verb, which is an action directly issued by the subject and is visible; C is a convergent verb, such as "live" which has a certain goal. In general, this structure can be understood as an energetic complementary structure, and Wang Li, Huang Borong and Liao Xudong all advocate that this structure is an energetic complementary structure. Based on the corpus of Beijing Language and Culture University and the ancient Chinese corpus of Peking University, this paper explores the evolution of " Bao Buzhu " and its causes, and summarizes the usage of " Bao Buzhu " in modern Chinese. BCP Education & Psychology ESPS 2022 Volume 4 (2022) 322 2. The evolution of "Bao Buzhu” 2.1 The phrase "bao buzhu" as a complementary phrase From a chronological point of view, "Bao Buzhu" first appeared in the novel " New tales told by lamplight" in the late Yuan and early Ming dynasties, when "Bao Buzhu" was used as a predicate component in a sentence, connecting the subject and the object. "It is often followed by a specific noun component and is used as a complementary phrase. 2.1.1 The specific noun component after " Bao Buzhu " (1) Afterwards, Zhang Shicheng seized the seal of the prime minister, Jiangzhe had the prime minister Dashi Timuji detained, the army besieged the city, Fujian Province, the pingzhang administrative minister Chen Youding was captured, most of the other officials could not keep their heads, and Mu Jun was also killed by General Wang, and all the family wealth also went to General Wang. (Ming Qu You, " New tales told by lamplight ") (1)其后张士诚夺取相印,江浙有丞相达识帖睦迩被拘禁,大军围城,福建省平章政事陈友定被 俘获,其他官吏大多保不住脑袋,而缪君也被王将军所杀,家财也都归了王将军.(明 瞿佑 <剪灯 新话>) (2) Now that the old man has money, he can keep the official; if there is no money, he Bao Buzhu the official, and there is no. (Qing, Wenkang, "The Romance of the Heroine") (2)这如今老爷子是有了银子,就保住官儿了；没有银子保不住官,还有不是.(清 文康<侠女奇 缘>) (3) One step later, for fear of not being able to save his life. (Qing, Xu Xiaotian, "The History of the Palace in the Qing Dynasty") (3)再迟一步,怕保不住性命了.(清 许啸天 <清代宫廷艳史>) (4) Feng girl has been making trouble for a few years, and she doesn't want to be involved in the old lady's affairs, I'm afraid she won't be able to keep her face. (Qing, Cao Xueqin, "Dream of Red Mansions") (4)凤丫头闹了几年,不想在老太太的事上,只怕保不住脸了.(清 曹雪芹 <红楼梦>) From these sentences, it can be seen that "Bao Buzhu" is located between the giving and receiving (in some sentences, the giving is omitted), and the receiving is a specific noun component, such as "head", "life ", "face" and so on. In the above sentences, "Bao Buzhu" is a verb phrase, which means that subjectively, you want to keep it, but objectively, some conditions do not allow it to be maintained. For example, in example (1), we can analyze that other officials subjectively want to keep their heads, but due to objective conditions, they may not be able to keep their heads. In this case, the meaning of the word "keep" in "Bao Buzhu" is "defend, Bao", which is the basic meaning of "Bao", while The object of "Bao Buzhu" is a specific noun with practical meaning, such as "head", "official", "life The object of "Bao Buzhu" is a specific noun with practical meaning, such as "head", "official", "life", and "face", which embodies a specific behavior of "Bao Buzhu". 2.1.2 " Bao Buzhu " appears in the structure of "Subject Argument + Bao Buzhu " (5) If this is committed, losing the official position is a trivial matter, I am afraid that the family Bao Buzhu the food and the guys. (Ming Western Zhousheng "Awakening Marriage Biography (Part 1)") (5)这要是犯出来,丢了官是小事,只怕一家子吃饭家伙都保不住哩.(明 西周生 <醒世姻缘传 (上)>) (6) I'm afraid that other things can't be saved. If people are stripped of their brilliance in the street, it can be guaranteed that there is no such thing. (Ming Xizhou Sheng "Awakening the World's Marriage (Part 2)") (6) 别的事只怕保不住,要是叫人在当街剥脱了精光采打,这可以保的没有这事. (明 西周生 <醒世姻缘传(下)>) BCP Education & Psychology ESPS 2022 Volume 4 (2022) 323 In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, "Bao Buzhu" is still the predicate center of the sentence, but the subject argument is in front of "can't". The composition of the subject argument has also changed, from the initial concrete noun composition to abstract, such as: eating guy, other things. "Bao Buzhu" does not refer to concrete things, but to abstract things, which makes the meaning of "maintaining the state" of "living" illusory, and reduces the ability to dominate the subject argument. However, since there is "I'm afraid" in front of "I Bao Buzhu", the meaning of [+hope] [-maybe] has not changed, we can still analyze the semantics of "wish but can't". At this time, we can still analyze the "Bao Buzhu", and the "Bao Buzhu" is still a specific behavior. This usage was not very common in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. In the Qing Dynasty, the situation of "Bao Buzhu" behind the subject argument gradually increased, for example: (7) And the descendants are indifferent, everything left by the ancestors cannot be preserved. (Qing Li Lvyuan, "Different Road Lamp") (7)而子孙漠不关心,这祖宗之所留,一切都保不住了.(清 李绿园 <歧路灯>) (8) Now you say that it is better not to seal up, then you know the reputation outside. I can't even keep the big book, and I can't let you talk big and lie on the outside. (Qing Cao Xueqin, " Dream of the Red Mansions ") (8)如今你们道是没有查封是好,那知道外头的名声.大本儿都保不住,还搁得住你们在外头支 架子说大话诓人骗人,到闹出事来望主子身上一推就完了. The position of "Bao Buzhu" here is at the end of the sentence, which is separated from the form of subject, predicate and object, and its subject argument is located in front of "Bao Buzhu". In this period, the subject argument of "Bao Buzhu" has been completely abstract noun structure, such as "everything" in sentence (7) and "big book" in sentence (8), we can't know what it refers to. At this time, "Bao Buzhu" no longer has the meaning of "want to keep something specific but cannot maintain the state", and the meaning of [+ hope] is lost in the sentence, which can be understood as "cannot keep everything" and "cannot keep the money ". 2.2 "Bao Buzhu” as an adverb At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the use of adverbs appeared in "keep". The original meanings of [+hope] and [-maybe] have disappeared, and they have retreated from the predicate position to the adjective position, which can only express the speaker's subjective conjecture. This process is divided into two stages. In the first stage, "Bao Buzhu” is used with verbs, for example: (9) Grandpa knew, and suspected that he had an affair with the prince, and could not keep from losing the emperor's favor. (9)爷知道了,疑心自己和太子有什么暧昧事体,保不住失去了皇帝的宠爱. (清末民国初 许啸 天 <唐代宫廷艳史>) (10) After I die, I Bao Buzhu a good posthumous title, so I should get rid of the posthumous title, so as not to be wronged by others. (Anonymous "The Romance of Qin and Han") (10)我死后,保不住定得美谥,不若除去谥法,免得他人妄议. (民国 佚名 <秦汉演义>) In the first stage, "Bao Buzhu" is used with verbs, that is, "Bao Buzhu + V.". Liu Jian (1995) believed that when a verb is not in the "subject-verb-object" format, and is not the only verb in the sentence, and is not the central verb of the sentence, its verb nature will be weakened. Since "unsafe" will be used in conjunction with verbs, its central position will be crowded out and marginalized. When other verbs appear after "unsafe", its subject position will be gradually weakened, and it will gradually become the sentence. The secondary verb of, its predicate will also be weakened. And when the verb is often used as a secondary verb, its grammatical meaning will gradually become ineffective, resulting in grammaticalization. For example, in sentence (9), "Bao Buzhu" is used with the verb "lost" behind, making "Bao Buzhu" a secondary verb, which is used to modify the core verb "lost". Similarly, in the sentence (10), BCP Education & Psychology ESPS 2022 Volume 4 (2022) 324 "Bao Buzhu" is used together with the verb "de" after it, and a linkage relationship occurs, so that "de" becomes the core verb of the sentence, and "Bao Buzhu" becomes a secondary verb, which is used to modify the following verbs. The core verb "to" makes it grammatical. In the second stage, a subject-predicate phrase can be added after " Bao Buzhu ", and "Bao Buzhu" has been defunct as an adverb, which is in the adjective position, and is used to modify the following noun and verb structures: (11) Han Xinnai replied, "The land of Zhao has not been settled yet. If we move our troops eastward, we won't be able to keep the people of Zhao from making a fool of themselves, and it will be my trouble again." (Anonymous "Romance of Qin and Han Dynasties") (11) 韩信乃答说到：“赵地尚未平定,若即移兵东向,保不住赵人蠢动,复为我患.”(民国 佚 名 <秦汉演义>) (12) As soon as King Yu recalled, he couldn't keep any ramifications there, and it would be troublesome. (Anonymous "Secret History of the Qing Dynasty") (12)豫王一召回,保不住那边生出什么枝节来,那可就费事了. (民国 佚名 <清朝秘史>) Based on the analysis of the corpus, this paper found that in the late Qing Dynasty and the period of the Republic of China, the main usage of "Bao Buzhu" was an adverb. "The transition from adding verbs or nouns to "guarantee" and then adding subject-predicate phrases; at this time, "guarantee" in "Bao" means "guarantee", which is a kind of psychological feeling, which can be understood as "subjective psychology". "There is no guarantee" that Zhao people will make a fool of themselves." At this time, the "Bao Buzhu" completes the transition from "Bao Buzhu" a certain behavior to a psychological feeling. In the same sentence (12), "Bao Buzhu" has also been degenerated into the subject-predicate structure of "what branches are born over there" after the adverb modification; at this stage, "Bao Buzhu" no longer reflects the meaning of hope and possibility. It just expresses a kind of subjective and psychological speculation. Sentence (12) can be understood as a subjective and psychological speculation that "there is no guarantee" there will be extra branches. In addition, at this stage, the components added after "Bao Buzhu" have been converted from simple words to longer subject-predicate phrases, such as "Bao Buzhu" in sentence (12), which can control the longer subject-verb structure "What branch is born there?" "Bao Buzhu" no longer refers to a specific thing, and the occurrence of this phenomenon also shows that "Bao Buzhu" has evolved into an adverb and completed the process of grammaticalization. Table1. Compared and counted the distribution of a large number of "can't contain" corpus of three ancient books Example Book Name Total number of discourse Proportion of [+hope] [- maybe] Proportion of [-possible] Proportion of subjective speculation Usage The Continuation of the Legend of Ji Gong 5次 60% 40% 0% Predicate Dream of the Red Chamber 17次 17.6% 11.8% 70.6% Predicate, gerund The Legend of Qin and Han 6次 0% 0% 100% gerund So far, the grammaticalization process from prescriptive phrases to adverbs has been completed for " Bao Buzhu". The change of its formal path is the grammaticalization of predicate- complementary phrases into adverbs; its functional path is the transition from the predicate center to the adverbial; its semantic path is from the sememe of [+hope] [-possible] to the meaning of [- possible]. Elements and then to subjective speculation. In order to prove whether this article's generalization of the evolution path of "Bao Buzhu" is correct, this article compares and counts three ancient books with a large number of "Bao Buzhu" corpus distributions, namely "Xu Ji Gong Zhuan", "A Dream of Red Mansions" and "The Romance BCP Education & Psychology ESPS 2022 Volume 4 (2022) 325 of Qin and Han Dynasties". ", the creation time of these three ancient books are the early Qing Dynasty, the middle Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China respectively. According to the analysis of the above figure, with the change of time, the proportion of predicates is less and less, and the proportion of adverbs is more and more, and the evolution process is consistent with the inference of this paper. 2.3 "Bao Buzhu" as a verb The use of the word " Bao Buzhu " started from the end of the Yuan Dynasty to the beginning of the Ming Dynasty. From the end of the Yuan Dynasty to the beginning of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, then to the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, the frequency of "bao bao" as a supplementary phrase became more and more. Users gradually treat "baobao" as a whole, and do not analyze its internal components, so that "baobao" is lexicalized as a verb in modern Chinese: (13) Europe alone cannot preserve the youth of this ancient continent. It has to rely on external forces. To put it bluntly, it means relaxing immigration policies. (People's Daily in 2000) (13) 单靠欧洲本身,已保不住这个古老大陆的青春了,得靠外力,说得直白些,即放宽移民政 策.(2000年 <人民日报>) (14) If you explore by yourself, you are still afraid that the Chinese people are smart and their skills will be seen by others, and they will not be able to keep their jobs. (Contemporary Internet Corpus) (14)自己摸索,还是怕中国人聪明,技术被别人看到了,他们就保不住自己的饭碗了. (当代 网 络语料) In sentence (13), " Bao Buzhu " is the predicate center of the sentence, which embodies the semantics of [+hope] [-maybe], and is lexicalized into a verb. In sentence (14), "Bao Buzhu" is also the predicate center of the sentence, with the semantics of [+hope] [-possible], which is lexicalized into a verb. 2.4 The diachronic dynamic characteristics of the "unsustainable" structure We analyze that the word "Bao Buzhu" reflects the following two characteristics in the process from prescriptive phrase to adverb: First, in the first stage, when "Bao Buzhu" is a verb phrase, the verb phrase in the construction is unstable and can be replaced by other verb phrases, while in the third stage, "Bao Buzhu" has been solidified and is in the The state of the sentence, the "Bao Buzhu" at this time cannot be replaced. For example, in sentence (1), "Bao Buzhu" in the first stage can be replaced by " Liu Buzhu ", and the semantics expressed are the same, but in sentence (11), " Bao Buzhu " has been solidified, can't be replaced with "Liu Buzhu" or other "V buzhu", because its verb nature has been disintegrated at this time, "Bao Buzhu" should be regarded as a whole, indicating subjective speculation. Second, the connected elements after "Bao Buzhu" complete the transition from negative meaning to negative meaning, positive meaning and neutral meaning. In the first stage, "Bao Buzhu" is followed by negative meanings, as in sentence (1) The fact that "officials Bao Buzhu their heads" is a negative meaning, which is determined by the meaning of [+hope] [-possible]. After the grammaticalization of " Bao Buzhu " is completed, the added elements can be negative, positive or neutral, which is determined by the subjective conjecture of " Bao Buzhu ". (14) This could not keep him happy, and told him about the situation in my pillow. (Qing Cao Xueqin, "Continuing the Dream of Red Mansions") (14)这就保不住他高兴了,把我枕席间的光景告诉了他的相好. (清 曹雪芹 <续红楼梦>) (15) Hubei ate an egg from a patrol house and went to Hubei to become an official, so he couldn't keep dealing with foreigners. (Anonymous "The Secret History of Recent Officialdom") (15)湖北吃了一场巡捕房的倒蛋,到湖北去做官,保不住同外国人打交道. BCP Education & Psychology ESPS 2022 Volume 4 (2022) 326 Among them, the sentence (14) "Bao Buzhu" is followed by a positive meaning, and the sentence (15) "Bao Buzhu" followed by a neutral meaning, because "Bao Buzhu" means subjective inference at the moment, so it can be inferred that positive meaning, negative meaning and Neutral sense. 3. Reasons for the evolution of "Bao Buzhu" From the point of view of the inducing factors of lexicalization, Wu Fuxiang (1995) believes that lexicalization is related to the change of syntactic position, the change of word meaning, the influence of context and reanalysis, while Chen Baoqin in "The Generation and Evolution of Chinese Vocabulary", the The internal factors of lexicalization are lexical factors, grammatical factors, semantic factors and pragmatic factors. In "Analysis of the Dynamic Development and Change of Chinese Vocabulary", Ge Benyi analyzed the social factors of lexicalization from the perspective of applied linguistics. From the perspective of its occurrence mechanism, Li Guangyu (2010) explained that its lexicalization mechanism mainly includes reanalysis, analogy, metaphor, metonymy and pragmatic inference. On the basis of the previous theory, this paper makes the following conclusions about the evolution reasons of "Bao Buzhu" 3.1 Changes in syntactic position Liu Jian believes that in the lexicalization of Chinese, the change of syntactic position and the influence of structural relationship are very important. "Bao Buzhu" can only take a specific noun structure at first, then can add verbs, and then can control a longer subject-verb structure, which makes "Bao Buzhu" from " can't keep a specific thing " to Refers to "subjective and psychological inability to guarantee", which provides the necessary conditions for the evolution of "insecure".: In addition, when a verb is added after "Bao Buzhu", its core position will be weakened, and the verb nature will also be weakened, acting as a secondary verb in the sentence. When this position is fixed, the [+hope] of "Bao Buzhu" will be weakened. , [-possible] will gradually blur and disappear, and its grammatical function will change, from verb to adverb, from predicate to state. However, when "unable to keep" becomes an adverb in the state position, the function of the content word is completely lost, and its lexical meaning also disappears, and it becomes a function word with only grammatical meaning. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, as in sentence (1), the object of "Bao Buzhu" is the specific noun "brain", at this time "Bao Buzhu" means "Bao Buzhu something"; in the Qing Dynasty, "Bao Buzhu" Due to the change of syntactic position, it is separated from the form of subject, predicate and object. Its position is at the end of the sentence, and its subject argument is before it. The object of "can't keep" can be an abstract noun, such as sentence (7), at this time " The position of " Bao Buzhu " is already located at the end of the sentence, and the object is the abstract noun "everything", and the subject argument is empty; by the end of the Qing Dynasty, " Bao Buzhu " can be used with verbs due to the change of syntactic position, such as sentence (9), "bao" When used in conjunction with the following verb "lost", the position of the central verb will be crowded out and marginalized. At this time, "Bao Buzhu" already means "subjectively cannot guarantee not to lose the emperor's favor", its [+hope] [- The meaning of [possible] disappeared; and in the later period of the late Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, due to the change of the syntactic position, a longer subject-predicate phrase, such as sentence (12), could already be added to the "guaranteed". Grammatically transformed into an adverb, meaning "subjectively there is no guarantee that there will be no branches". 3.2 Frequency of use In the Ming Dynasty, there were only three cases of "Bao Buzhu", all of which were verb phrases. In the Qing Dynasty, the use of " Bao Buzhu " was gradually increased as a verb phrase. After the Qing Dynasty, "unable to keep" was widely used in novels and texts, and the use of adverbs gradually emerged. One of the reasons for its lexicalization is the high frequency of use of "unable to keep". BCP Education & Psychology ESPS 2022 Volume 4 (2022) 327 As for the case of " Bao Buzhu " as a verb phrase, it has been frequently used since the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, so it is gradually regarded as a whole in modern Chinese, and Chinese users no longer analyze the internal structure of " Bao Buzhu ", " " Bao Buzhu " is gradually lexicalized as "verb". 3.3 Reanalysis Langacker (1977) believes that reanalysis refers to structural changes that do not change the surface expression form, from the initial "(A, B) + C" structure to "A + (B, C)" after reanalysis structure. In the initial stage, " Bao Buzhu " can be seen as: "bu" and "zhu" constitute a biased structure, "bao" and "buzu" constitute a prescriptive-complementary structure, and at the same time, " Bao Buzhu " and the following verb phrases or nouns Phrases form a predicate structure; after reanalysis, " Bao Buzhu " can form a partial structure with the following verb phrases. Fig.1 Structural Analysis 3.4 Contextual Influence The modal meaning of " Bao Buzhu " is completed under the influence of context. Since " Bao Buzhu " is mostly used in the context of double negation in sentences, it gradually has the characteristics of modal meaning. E.g: (16) How did you know. The thick-colored plate couldn't keep it from being grilled, and it was not baked with ginger juice and sauce pre-smeared on the base. (Qing Cao Xueqin, "Dream of Red Mansions") (16)你那里知道.那粗色的碟子保不住不上火烤,不拿姜汁子和酱预先抹在底子上烤过.(清 曹雪芹 <红楼梦>) (17) Eating whole grains will keep you from getting sick. There are very few people who do not take medicine, so they cannot go without medicine. (Li Guangting of Qing Dynasty, "Rural Dialects Explaining Yi") (17)吃五谷杂粮,保不住不生病.病不用药者少,遂不能不用医. (清 李光庭 <乡言解颐>) In sentence (16), "I can't keep myself from getting burned" is a double negative usage, which expresses the meaning of willingness to define, that is, "it is possible to get burned". Similarly, in sentence (17), "I can't keep myself from getting sick", it’s the meaning of the expression is also the definition of ken, that is, "there is a possibility of getting sick". And these inferences are based on a certain context, based on some subjective assumptions, that is, in sentence (16), you assume that you know that the dish is going to be grilled, and in sentence (17), you assume that eating whole grains BCP Education & Psychology ESPS 2022 Volume 4 (2022) 328 will make you sick. The definition of ken in this case is not absolute, it is just some subjective inference, which can be understood as "may be on fire" and "may be sick", and gradually, " Bao Buzhu " will be in double Under the influence of negative context, grammaticalization occurs, and finally a modal meaning is obtained, which becomes a modal adverb. 4. The usage of " Bao Buzhu " in modern Chinese The word "guarantee" is included in the "Modern Chinese Dictionary (Sixth Edition)", which has two explanations: (1) When used as an adverb, it means unavoidable and possible, such as: It is difficult to say this day, it is not guaranteed that it will rain. (2) When used as a verb, it means that it cannot be maintained. For example, if there was such a severe drought in the past, the harvest of this land would not be able to be maintained. The interpretation of "bao" in "Shuowen Jiezi" is "to protect, to support." The original meaning of "bao" is to nurture, and then the meaning of "preservation" was developed on the basis of the meaning of "nurture", and "unable to maintain" The "guarantee" in "guarantee" is the "meaning of preservation", which is the original meaning; later, the meaning of "guarantee" has evolved through the process of lexicalization. The ancient meaning of "zhu" is "stay, stop", that is, "stop", and "stay" in " Bao Buzhu " is the meaning of "maintaining the state" developed from the meaning of "stop". "bu" is located between "bao" and "zhu", and its semantics points to "living", that is, "bao+ buzhu". Based on the corpus of Beijing Language and Culture University, this paper makes the following two generalizations at the synchronic level of its meaning and usage: 4.1 " Bao Buzhu " as a verb 4.1.1 " Bao Buzhu " contains [+hope] [-maybe] " Bao Buzhu " acts as the predicate center of the sentence, which means that subjectively wants to keep, but objectively cannot keep because some conditions are not allowed. Contains [+hope] and [- maybe] two semes. (18) Let's make this last cup! I can't keep you all. You should go back and pass the border. If we pass the level, we will see you again; if we can't pass the level. (People's Daily in 1996) (18) 让我们干了这最后一杯！我保不住你们了,你们各自回去过关吧.如果过了关,我们再见； 如若过不了关(1996年 <人民日报>) In sentence (18), we can analyze that I am willing to keep you out of my subjective will, but due to objective conditions, it is impossible to keep it. The " Bao Buzhu " in this sentence also connects the subject and the object, and acts as the center of the predicate in the sentence. Before and after constitute the subject-predicate-object structure. However, when " Bao Buzhu " is in a specific structure, such as the hypothetical structure of "if...then...", its [+hope] sememe will be strengthened, but the case still belongs to the first kind, because it still acts as a sentence predicate the center, in the sense, is also a subjective hope, but objectively it cannot be maintained. E.g: (19) Daqing is not only the Daqing of the Daqing people, but also the Daqing of the people of the whole country. If the Daqing Oilfield cannot be preserved, it will not be able to fight against the "old battles" who used their blood and lives to develop and build the Daqing Oilfield. (People's Daily in 1998) (19) 大庆不仅是大庆人的大庆,也是全国人民的大庆,如果保不住大庆油田,就无法向曾用鲜 血和生命开发建设大庆油田的“老会战”们. (1998年 <人民日报>) In sentence (19), it can be seen that he subjectively hopes to keep the Daqing Oilfield very much, so [+ hope] the meaning element is enhanced, and at the same time, " Bao Buzhu " is still the predicate of the sentence. The semantic enhancement of its [+hope] is unique to a specific sentence pattern, not attached to " Bao Buzhu " itself. BCP Education & Psychology ESPS 2022 Volume 4 (2022) 329 4.1.2 " Bao Buzhu " retains the meaning of [-possible] " Bao Buzhu " still serves as the predicate verb component in the sentence, but some changes have taken place in the semantics. In the sentence, only the sememe of [-possible] is retained, and the sememe of [+hope] disappears, and the position of " Bao Buzhu " is located in end of a short sentence. (20) Due to the small number of prints, the publishing house could not even keep the books, so the books that should be published had to be less, and the books that could be published had to be published. (Anonymous "People's Daily") (20)由于印数少,出版社连本都保不住,该多出的书只能少出,能出的书也只好不出.(佚名<人 民日报>) Sentence (20) " Bao Buzhu " serves as its predicate element, but the position is at the end of the short sentence. The sentence only emphasizes that the publisher cannot keep the book objectively, but there is no subjective hope to keep the publisher. It is worth noting that in this case, the subject object of " Bao Buzhu " is something abstract, not something concrete like in the first case. 4.2 " Bao Buzhu " as an adverb " Bao Buzhu " does not act as the predicate center of the sentence, " Bao Buzhu " is in the adverbial position and acts as an adverb. Meaning is a subjective speculation and idea, which can be understood as possible or inevitable. E.g: (21) There were a lot of things sent by Chaxi at that time. John was always careful, and he couldn’t keep them from communicating through the company’s mailbox. Just check the records of the last one or two months on the company’s server. (Li Ke's "Du Lala's Promotion") (21)当时岔西发的东西可不少,约翰常再小心,保不住他们使用公司邮箱交流过,只要在公司 的服务器上查查最近一两个月的记录就好了. (李可 <杜拉拉升职记>) (22) If we go to report or take care of it, if we can't keep these bastards, we will try to catch the petty trader. (Lao She's "Four Generations Together") (22)我们要是去报告,或者管上一管,保不住这些混账东西就会想法设法把做小买卖的抓起 来. (老舍 <四世同堂>) In sentence (21), " Bao Buzhu " is an adverb, and it does not act as a predicate in the sentence, indicating that it is a subjective speculation that they may have communicated through the company's mailbox. Similarly, in sentence (22), " Bao Buzhu " is also an adverb, indicating that it is subjectively inferred that the bastard may arrest the petty trader. Through the comparative study of the modern Chinese corpus, we can analyze several characteristics of the word " Bao Buzhu " as an adverb: First, when " Bao Buzhu " is used as an adverb, its function in modern Chinese is to carry on the above and cause the following. In a text, the front of " Bao Buzhu " is mostly the reason for the development of things, and " Bao Buzhu " leads to the result of the development of the matter, and the result has a certain possibility. E.g: (23) 2973 dumping stations, which cannot be kept dirty. (1994 People's Daily) (23)2973个倒粪站,保不住哪个就肮脏不堪.(1994年<人民日报>) (24) I think so too, as long as he has a bright idea again, until now there is no guarantee that we will not be arrested. (Contemporary Sherlock Holmes Mysteries) (24)我也这么想,只要他又来个灵机一动,到现在还保不住咱们不会被捕呢. (当代 <福尔摩 斯探案集>) (25) It's hard to say this day, it may rain. (25) 这个天儿很难说,保不住会下雨 (1978年<现代汉语词典>) (26) I have a bad memory, so I can't help but forget. (1978 Modern Chinese Dictionary) (26)我记性不好,保不住就给忘了. (1978年<现代汉语词典>) For example, in sentence (23), the cause is explained above, i.e. "2973 dumping stations", and the adverb " Bao Buzhu " leads to the possible result of the cause, i.e. "which one will be dirty". "That is to say, since there are 2973 dumping stations, there is a certain possibility that there may not be any BCP Education & Psychology ESPS 2022 Volume 4 (2022) 330 dumping station that is dirty. For example, in the example sentence (24), it is explained above that he had a bright idea, and the result of the "bright idea" is "there is a possibility that he will not be arrested" through " Bao Buzhu ". Example sentence (24) and example sentence (25) are also connected by " Bao Buzhu " to the previous reason "it's hard to say" and "I have a bad memory" and the subsequent result "There is a possibility that it will rain" and "There is a possibility that I will forget". Secondly, " Bao Buzhu " and "may" both indicate a subjective speculation or guess, and are used in sentences to indicate the possibility of the event occurring, but the rate of possibility is slightly different. "Possible" is a half-possibility, while " Bao Buzhu " has a more than half-possibility, such as. (27) I suddenly have a headache, is it a cold, is it because I stayed at home all day, is it because I didn't sleep well last night, it's also possible. (Sina Weibo) (27)我突然头好痛,是着凉了吗,是我一天都在家待着啊,是昨晚睡得不踏实吗,也有可能.(新 浪微博) (28) It's possible for the movie to break 100 million at the box office. (Sina microblogging) (28)电影票房破亿都有可能.(新浪微博) (29) The road is long and dark, no one can guarantee what kind of disasters and calamities will come overnight. (Contemporary Writer's Digest) (29)路漫漫、黑茫茫,谁也保不住一夜之间又会降临什么样的灾和祸.(当代 <作家文摘>) (30) If we really become a couple, we won't be able to get along in the future. (Li Ke, "The Promotion of Duela") (30)你说这要真成了夫妻,我们以后也没法相处啊,保不住一碰到什么事就翻旧账. (李可<杜 拉拉升职记>) From the above four example sentences, we can see that the sudden headache in example sentence (28) may be caused by a cold or a bad night's sleep, so the possibility of "not sleeping well last night" is half. So the ratio of the possibility of " Bao Buzhu " pointing to the possibility of "breaking 100 million" is also half. For example, in example, in sentence (29), because the road is long and dark, which means the environment is very bad, it is subjectively presumed that there is a great possibility of disaster, so the possibility of disaster is more than half, which is very likely. In example sentence (30), since one of the spouses has the habit of going over old debts, it is very likely that they will go over old debts after marriage, so the probability of going over old debts is more than half, and it is very likely that they will go over old debts after marriage. Thirdly, in modern Chinese, " Bao Buzhu " can be followed by positive, negative and neutral components. (31) But since nearly half of the counties have less than $3,000 per capita, they cannot guarantee that they will have essential expenses. (1994 Selected Newspapers) (31)但由于有近半数的县人均财力不足3000元,保不住会有必不可少的开支.(1994年<报刊 精选>) (32) The inability to keep the lead or break the stalemate on the field is to some extent related to the team's competitive status. (1996 People's Daily) (32)保不住领先局面或打不破场上僵局,一定程度上与球队的竞技状态有关.(1996年<人民 日报>) In sentence (31), the neutral component "expenses" follows " Bao Buzhu ", indicating that subjective speculation may have essential expenses, while sentence (32) " Bao Buzhu " follows the positive component "lead" and the negative component "can't break the deadlock", indicating that subjective speculation may lead or may not break the deadlock. Based on the 396 modern Chinese " Bao Buzhu " corpus of Beijing Language and Culture University, this paper summarizes 35 corpuses of " Bao Buzhu " as an adverb through comparative analysis, accounting for 8.83% of the total. Among these 35 corpuses of “Bao Buzhu “as an adverb, 15 corpuses of " Bao Buzhu " followed by negative components, accounting for 43% of the total corpus of " Bao Buzhu " as an adverb. "A total of 14 corpuses were followed by neutral components, BCP Education & Psychology ESPS 2022 Volume 4 (2022) 331 accounting for 40% of the total corpus of "can't keep" as an adverb; 6 corpuses were followed by positive components, accounting for There are 6 corpuses with positive components after "can't keep", accounting for 17% of the total corpus of "can't keep". Based on the analyzed data, we can tell that " Bao Buzhu " has the most negative components in modern Chinese, followed by " Bao Buzhu " followed by neutral components, and " Bao Buzhu " has the least positive components. The least number of positive components were added after "cannot keep". 5. Conclusion The main body of this paper consists of three parts, the first part is the introduction of "V but not C" structure and "Bao Buzhu" by previous authors, the second part introduces the process of lexicalization of "Bao Buzhu" and the motivation of the lexicalization of "Bao Buzhu". The second part of the paper introduces the evolutionary process and the motivation of the lexicalization of "Bao Buzhu", the grammaticalization of "Bao Buzhu" from being a complementary phrase to being an adverb, and the lexicalization of "Bao Buzhu" from being a complementary phrase to a verb due to the increasing frequency of use, as well as the main factors that induce the lexicalization of "Bao Buzhu". The main factors that induce the lexicalization of "can't keep" are analyzed in terms of syntactic position change, frequency of use, reanalysis, grammaticalization analysis, semantic deflation, and contextual influence. 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