Microsoft Word - 45.SSMI2168排版.docx BCP Social Sciences & Humanities SSMI 2022 Volume 17 (2022) 347 Negation Construction of Discourse "Rang/Jiao Ni Zai VP" Yueqi Chen School of Liberal Arts, Yunnan University, Kunming, China. chenyueqi@mail.ynu.edu.cn Abstract. In modern Chinese, "Rang/Jiao Ni Zai VP" is a disambiguation structure, which is a discourse negation construction when it expresses negative meaning. By analyzing the syntactic features of "Rang/Jiao Ni Zai VP", the contribution of its components to the creation and development of the construction is summarized and analyzed. The formation mechanism is explored in terms of both internal conditions and external motives, and its discourse function in an interactive context. They are regarded as the function of negative stance expression, which complements the academic research on related constructions. Keywords: Discourse negation construction; Construction grammar; Interactive linguistics. 1. Introduction Zhou Jisheng (2000) proposed that in modern Chinese," Rang/Jiao Ni Zai VP " is an ambiguous structure, which has both an affirmative imperative and a negative pragmatic function. Qi Jie (2010), Liu Zongbao (2011), and Xu Na (2019) pointed out that "Wo Rang/Jiao Ni Zai VP " is a cautionary construction, and investigated it from the perspectives of semantic functions, features and types. Zhang Yao (2019) noted that the pronoun "Ni (Men)" after "Rang" in this construction can only be in the second person and cannot be replaced by the third person, but such phenomenon was not further explored and explained. In addition, most of the previous studies started from an isolated and static perspective, merely focusing on the phenomenon itself, without explaining its formation mechanism. Language is dialogic in nature (Bakhtin, 1934/1981:271). This paper finds that under the interactive communicative circumstance, "Rang/Jiao Ni Zai VP" is also widely used and has certain unique features that have rarely been addressed in previous studies. For example: (1) A: rang ni zai dese, ziji de shenti ziji dou bu zhuyi. Let 2 again show out, POS body 2 NEG pay attention to Let you show out again. You do not pay attention to your own body. B: Keneng dong-zhao-le MOD freezing-ASP I might be freezing. (2) A: Bie wen wo chou-zhe-ne NEG ask OB worry-ASP Do not ask me. I am worried about it. B: Haha jiao ni zai zilian. IDEO ask OB again narcissistic Haha, how narcissistic you are! According to examples (1) and (2), the structure of "Rang/Jiao Ni Zai VP" is often used to respond to the content or behavior of the previous discourse, and to express the negative function in an affirmative form during the conversation. Therefore, this paper will explore the structure of "Rang/Jiao Ni Zai VP" in the perspective of interactive linguistics. BCP Social Sciences & Humanities SSMI 2022 Volume 17 (2022) 348 The corpus in this paper is mainly derived from the conversational part of the BCC and CCL corpus. 2. Syntactic Features of Construction 2.1 Conformational Identification In the modern spoken Chinese, we often use the expression "Rang/Jiao Ni Zai VP", for example: (3) A: Rang-ni zai chaoxiao-wo Ask-OB again laugh at-OB You are laughing at me. B: Na chaoxiao-ni-le Where laugh at-OB God, I laugh at you? (4) A: Xiaoxiaoxiao, ni kankan, ya dou xiaodiao-le. Haixiao, ye bu-zhidao zhezhe Smile smile smile, you see see, teeth smile fall. Still smile, also NEG cover cover You see, you have laughed your head off, but you are still smiling. You should make a cover. B: Zhe bu shuo-ya-ma. Ni yanshen bu-hao-a. DEM NEG say teeth-ASP. 2 eyesight NEG-good-ASP. That is what teeth are. You have poor eyesight. A: Gangcai meiyoude, shenme shihou ba jiaya zhuangshang-de, zhen xiaolv-a! Just now NEG, when put dentures install-ASP, efficient- EXCLAM No, when did you put on your dentures? How efficient! B: Shuoming ni shimian. Jieguo chansheng-huanjue-la. Jiao ni bu haohao-shuijiao. Indicate 2 insomnia. Result in hallucination-ASP. Ask you again good good sleep. It seems that you have insomnia which causes hallucination. I ask you to get some sleep. In examples (3) and (4), the two sentences " Rang-ni zai chaoxiao-wo" and " Jiao ni bu haohao- shuijiao" are expressed in the sense that the listener should stop laughing and get some sleep. However, there are no direct negative words such as "Bu" and "Mei" in these two sentences, but they express a negative function. We cannot directly infer the function and meaning of the whole from its constituents. Based on Goldberg's (1995) classical definition, "C is a CONSTRUCTION iff def C is a form-meaning pair such that some aspects of Fi or some aspects of Si is not strictly predictable from C’s components parts or from other previously established constructions. " Thus, we can identify the expression "Rang/Jiao Ni Zai VP" as a construction. And based on the analysis above, we can learn that one of the most distinctive features of the construction is its ability to express the negation function without the negation component. Zhu Jun (2019: 9) mentioned that discourse components used in conversational contexts that have been satisfied to express an indirect negative response to the initiator (act) are discourse negation constructions. Therefore, the construction belongs to the discourse negation construction as well. 2.2 Component Analysis 2.2.1 "Jiao/Rang" BCP Social Sciences & Humanities SSMI 2022 Volume 17 (2022) 349 The Modern Chinese Dictionary (7th edition) (later referred to as the "Dictionary") states that one of the meanings of "Rang" is "to cause, allow, listen to". For example, "Rang wo zixi xiang-yi-xiang/ Ruguo rang shitai fazhan-xiaqu, houguo hui bukanshexiang." Similarly, the dictionary states that when "Jiao" is used as a verb, it means "to make, to command". "Jiao" is a variant of "Rang" in its spoken form. Therefore, the two are interchangeable in meaning. For example: (5) Ruguo rang shitai fazhan-xiaqu, houguo hui bukanshexiang. If let situation develop down, result FUT hard to imagine If the situation is allowed to develop, the consequences will be horrible. (Dictionary) (6) Jiao ta zao-dian-er huiqu. Ask OB early back Ask him to go home early. (Dictionary) In example (5) and example (6), the expression is the cause of the "Shitai fazhan" and the "Ta", which is considered as the cause of the giver to the receiver in a state of isolation and stillness. In this construction, "Jiao/Rang" also expresses the meaning of "to make", which is the core of the construction. In the interactive context, the verb "Jiao/Rang" expresses the speaker's cause to the listener, where the speaker expresses his point of view to the listener and expects the listener to follow, or even change his previous behavior. For example: (7) A: He-shui duo shuijiao! Rang ni zai aoye! Drink-water more sleep! Let OB again stay up late Drink water and sleep more! Let you stay up late again! B: Wo meiyou aoye! I NEG stay up late I did not stay up late! In this corpus, " Rang ni zai aoye " is the speaker who asks the listener not to stay up late again, expressing his own opinion and expecting the listener to follow his own view with an imperative implication. 2.2.2 "Ni" The constant "Ni" is an integral part of this construction. Since the construction "Rang/Jiao Ni VP" is often found in conversational interactions, only when the pronoun after "Jiao/Rang" is in the second person can we ensure that the content of the conversation will involve the listener himself, which is more conducive to the expression of the speaker's emotion and attitude. Therefore, in this construction, "Ni" is considered as an interaction marker and a reference to the listener in the process of dialogue interaction, which can help the construction to extend new meanings. If the pronoun is replaced by the third person, then the construction does not involve the listener, but is simply a statement of the speaker about something. (8) Wanzhanzhang shuo: "benlai wo xiang rang Zhang Yingcai huilai jixu yu dajia gongshi. Wanzhanzhang say originally 1 MOD let Zhang Yingcai back continue CNJ everyone work together. Stationmaster Wan said: "Originally I hoped that Zhang Yingcai would come back and continued to work with you. Mei-xiangdao shengjiaoyuxueyuan gei-le ta yige jihui, zhiyao zaidu yinian, jiu keyi nadao zhengshide daxuebenkewenping he xuewei, Er bushi yibande jinxiuzhengshu. BCP Social Sciences & Humanities SSMI 2022 Volume 17 (2022) 350 NEG Think Shengjiaoyuxueyuan give-ASP NUM chance, CNJ again study NUM year, CNJ MOD get official undergraduate degree CNJ diploma, NEG usual certificate of further study. but I did not expect that the provincial education institute gave him a chance to get an official undergraduate degree and diploma as long as he studied for another year instead of the usual certificate of further study. Zhang Yingcai ziji you zhege yiyuan, xianjiaoyuju ye tongyi, jiu rangta zaidu yinian shu. " Zhang Yingcai PRO have DEM will, xianjiaoyuju CNJ agree, CNJ let OB again study NUM year book Zhang Yingcai himself had the will, and the county education bureau also agreed, so he was allowed to study for another year." (Liu Xinglong, The Sky Dwellers) In this corpus, we can find that if "Rang/Jiao Ni Zai VP" is replaced by the third person, it does not reflect the interaction with the listener, but only states a fact to the listener that is not related to the listener himself, and the content of its expression does not involve the action of the listener. 2.2.3 Standing Item "Zai" According to Lu Shuxiang's Eight Hundred Words in Modern Chinese, "Zai" indicates the repetition or continuation of an action (or a state), mostly referring to unrealized or regular actions. What "Rang/Jiao Ni VP" mostly expresses is in the practical level, while the speaker conveys the attitude of negation against the action that the listener has made. The addition of the word "Zai" enriches the meaning and function of this construction. "Rang/Jiao Ni Zai VP" expresses not only the negation in practical level, but also the unpractical level. For example: (9) A: Ni shi kun. Wo shi yun. 2 BE sleeply. 1 BE dizzy You are sleepy. I am dizzy. B: Rang ni yitian bu-chumen. Rang ni yitian zuozhe budong. Let OB a day NEG-go outside. Let OB a day sit-ASP still Let you stay in the house and sit still all day. (10) A: Rang ni zai zhelian Let OB again cover face Let you cover your face again! B: Xixixi, wo xihuan zhe-lian. IDEO, 1 like cover-face Hee hee, I like to cover my face. In the above corpus, we can find that what the speaker says has already happened, and the speaker dissatisfies with it to a certain extent, so he expresses his emotion and attitude to the listener. Example (9) expresses the negation of the listener's actual action of "sit still all day". Example (10) " Rang ni zai zhelian" indicates that the speaker does not want listener to cover his face one more time, and at that moment, the listener has not yet performed the action again. In the construction "Rang/Jiao Ni VP", the speaker does not want the listener to repeat the same action again, so "Zai" in this construction strengthens the negation of the construction. 2.2.4 Variable Term "VP" By analyzing of a large amount of corpus, we can find that the structure of "Rang/Jiao Ni Zai VP" is mostly combined with verbs and verb phrases. In conversational contexts, "VP" often indicates the action previously done by the listener, and is also the speaker's object of negation. For example: BCP Social Sciences & Humanities SSMI 2022 Volume 17 (2022) 351 (11) A: Zhuding ni chubuliao nangong. Rang ni zaipao, paoge shishi! Destined OB NEG-go outside the South Palace let OB again run, run try try You are destined to stay in the South Palace. Let you run again. Do you want to have a try? B: Bie-zheyang. NEG- DEM Do not be like that! (12) A: Zhu-ni yingpan shao-diao. Wish-OB hard drive burn-ASP Wish your hard drive burning out. B: Buyong zheme-du-ba NEG DEM-toxic-ASP You do not have to be like this. A: Jiao ni zai xuanyao. Ask OB again show off. Stop showing off again. In the above corpus, we can see that the speaker's intention is to make the listener stop running by saying " Zhuding ni chubuliao nangong", which is a negation of the action "Pao". Similarly, in example (12), the listener has done the action of "Xuan yao", so the speaker negates it by saying " Jiao ni zai xuanyao". The choice of "VP" is often an action that the listener has done before with a certain degree of pre-existence. In addition, we find that in this construction, "VP" often has a certain degree of controllability. In examples (11) and (12), the actions of "Pao" and "Xuan yao" are under the full control of the listener but not caused by reasons beyond the listener's control. Meanwhile, we believe that "VP" is mostly a neutral verb or a derogatory verb by analysis. For example, in the above corpus, "Pao" is a neutral verb, while "Chao xiao" indicates a derogatory implication. The speaker does not want the listener to do such action which is bad, so "VP" is mostly a neutral or pejorative verb, and positive verb is generally inaccessible. However, when the speaker believes that the listener's positive action is detrimental to his own interests, a positive verb may be used in special cases. 3. Formation Mechanism of the Conformation The negative implication of the construction "Rang/Jiao Ni Zai VP" is not formed by a simple negative word with a negative object, but by a combination of internal conditions and external motives. 3.1 Internal Conditions The subjectification of "Jiao/Rang" provides the semantic basis for the formation and development of the entire construction. From the above analysis, we can learn that "Jiao/Rang" has provided the implications of "to cause", which often indicates imperative sense objectively. In the interactive context, "Jiao/Rang" is subjectivized, which means that language adopts the corresponding structural form or undergoes the corresponding evolutionary process in order to express subjectivity (Zhu Jun, 2019: 60). As BCP Social Sciences & Humanities SSMI 2022 Volume 17 (2022) 352 mentioned above, "Ni" is the interactive marker of this construction, and it is the addition of such interactive marker that makes the subjectification of the construction more obvious. For example: (13) Jiao ta zao-dian-er huiqu. Ask 3 early-ASP back Ask him to go home early. (Dictionary) (14) A: Bie wen wo chou-zhe-ne NEG ask OB worry-ASP Do not ask me. I am worried about it. B: Haha jiao ni zai zilian. Deng wo huiqu majiang zou. IDEO ask OB again narcissistic. Wait OB back mahjong go. Haha, how narcissistic you are! I will go back to play mahjong. In both cases, example (13) reflects the objective sense that the speaker asks the listener to go back early as a command, which is objective and imperative based on objective and realistic reasons. Example (14) reflects the speaker's negation of the listener's "Zi lian", and we can learn from the context that the listener does not feel narcissistic, but the speaker subjectively believes that the listener's behavior is narcissistic with a negation construction. Moreover, the above analysis shows that the construction expresses a double negation of the practical and the unpractical. In the case of "Zi lian" in example (14), it expresses a subjective determination of the practical, where the speaker subjectively believes that the listener is narcissistic and asks the listener not to do that again in the unpractical level. However, in interactive conversations, for example: (15) A: Zhuding ni chubuliao nangong. Rang ni zaipao, paoge shishi! Destined OB NEG-go outside the South Palace let OB again run, run try try You are destined to stay in the South Palace. Let you run again. Do you want to have a try? B: Bie-zheyang. NEG- DEM Do not be like that! In such corpus, the construction also expresses the speaker's negation of the listener's action of "Pao" in the practical level, but also the speaker's subjective belief that the listener will make the action of running again as a speculation and judgment in the unpractical level. Therefore, in the interactive context, "Rang/Jiao Ni Zai VP" expresses the speaker's subjective perception of a particular nature of the action performed by the listener and expresses his own subjective criticism. In addition, in the unpractical level, the speaker makes a subjective guess and judgment of the listener's action, conveying "what I think you have done, and I hope you will do the opposite". 3.2 External Motivation Through the analysis of the corpus, we can learn that the interactive context is important for the formation of the construction. For example: (16) A: rang ni zai dese, ziji de shenti ziji dou bu zhuyi. BCP Social Sciences & Humanities SSMI 2022 Volume 17 (2022) 353 Let 2 again show out, POS body 2 NEG pay attention to Let you show out again. You do not pay attention to your own body. B: Keneng dong-zhe-le MOD freezing-ASP I might be freezing. A: Yitiantiande dei duo jian-yangguang-ne One day day MOD more see-sunshine-EXCALM You need to get more sun every day. In the corpus, we can learn from the context that the speaker negates the action of the listener because he thinks that the listener is "De se" and that the speaker does not want to see it. The speaker's negation of the listener's action is justified by "Ziji de shenti ziji dou bu zhuyi ". In this context, the speaker expresses his negative attitude by using explicit and implicit methods and such construction is thus used. However, in general, if the speaker wants to express negation, the content of the speech should be "Bu Rangni zai dese", but in the principle of Least Effort, the speaker uses this construction through the reflexive, expressing the negative attitude in the form of affirmation, which aims to make the listener stop doing something, and to negate and criticize his action. The word "Zai" highlights the speaker's emotion and attitude toward the listener's action and the speaker's potential action. Based on the above aspects, the construction has a negative function. The actual meaning of the construction is somewhat separated from its discourse meaning. At the very beginning, it is necessary to derive it from the context, but when it is accepted and used a lot, the listener no longer needs to derive the semantic meaning from the context, and thus the construction is formed. In summary, we believe that the formation mechanism of this construction is as follows. The context explicitly or implicitly indicates that the speaker does not want the listener to do the act of VP → the speaker then utters the construction "Rang/Jiao Ni Zai VP", which, under the principle of cooperation, is marked as an anti-phrase. The communicative intention is not an affirmative imperative for the listener, but a negative one for the listener not to do it →deliberate criticism of the rationality and legality of VP in the context →criticize (① criticize the inappropriateness of present space-time VP; ②criticize the possibility of future space-time VP)→ promoting the affirmative structure of "Rang/Jiao Ni Zai VP" to produce a negative function. 4. Discourse Function of Construction The construction "Rang/Jiao Ni Zai VP" expresses the negative attitude of the speaker and has the function of negative stance expression. We summarize the intensity of the negative stance expressions in the following order from weak to strong by corpus analysis: complaint < blame < sarcasm < warning. In addition, the "VP" in "Rang/Jiao Ni Zai VP" is an action that damages the interests of the listener, so the degree of negativity expressed by the construction is weaker than that of the "VP" which damages the interests of the speaker. 4.1 Complaint Complaint generally occurs between two people who are intimate. The speaker expresses his dissatisfaction, but such emotion is not very strong and is limited to a certain extent. For example: (17) A: Rang ni shuo wo pangzi, rang ni zai shuo wo pangzi, shi shishi ye bu-xu-shuo Let OB say OB fat, let 2 again say OB fat, BE truth also-NEG-MOD-say BCP Social Sciences & Humanities SSMI 2022 Volume 17 (2022) 354 Let you to call me fat. Who asks you to call me fat? Even if it is the truth, you are not allowed to say it! B: Qinaide, ni daying-guo wo, xiaci huiguo yiding hui shoucheng yidao shandian, ni jide-ma Honey, 2 promise OB, next time return home definitely FUT thin a lightning blot, 2 remember- ASP Honey, you promised me that you would be thin as a lightning bolt next time you return home. Do you still remember? In example (17), we can see through the pronouns that the speaker and the listener have a closer relationship and are more familiar with each other. The speaker also expresses his attitude toward the listener that the other party should not have called her fat, with a slight complaint and critical attitude. (18) A: A: Rang ni zai zhelian Let OB again cover face Let you cover your face again! B: Xixixi, wo shi wuliankuangmo IDEO, 1 BE face-covering fiend. Hee hee, I am a face-covering fiend. Similarly, in example (18), in the interactive context, we can see that the speaker and the listener have a better relationship, and the speaker shows a complaining attitude towards the listener for covering his face. 4.2 Blame Blame is usually a way for the speaker to disapprove of the listener's behavior. The listener’s behavior is mostly bad, and the speaker criticizes it to some extent based on a good purpose. For example: (19) A: He-shui duo shuijiao! Rang ni zai aoye! Drink-water more sleep! Let OB again stay up late Drink water and sleep more! Let you stay up late again! B: Wo meiyou aoye! I NEG stay up late I did not stay up late! (20) A: Xiaoxiaoxiao, ni kankan, ya dou xiaodiao-le. Haixiao, ye bu-zhidao zhezhe Smile smile smile, you see see, teeth smile fall. Still smile, also NEG cover cover You see, you have laughed your head off, but you are still smiling. You should make a cover. B: Zhe bu shuo-ya-ma. Ni yanshen bu-hao-a. DEM NEG say teeth-ASP. 2 eyesight NEG-good-ASP. That is what teeth are. You have poor eyesight. A: Gangcai meiyoude, shenme shihou ba jiaya zhuangshang-de, zhen xiaolv-ah! Just now NEG, when put dentures install-ASP, efficient- EXCLAM BCP Social Sciences & Humanities SSMI 2022 Volume 17 (2022) 355 No, when did you put on your dentures? How efficient! B: Shuoming ni shimian. Jieguo chansheng-huanjuan-la. Jiao ni bu haohao-shuijiao. Indicate 2 insomnia. Result in hallucination-ASP. Ask you again good good sleep. It seems that you have insomnia which causes hallucination. I ask you to get some sleep. In examples (19) and (20), the speaker's reproachful attitude towards the listener is reflected, because the speaker thinks that the listener's actions, "Ao ye" and "Bu haohao shuijiao", are bad and detrimental to the listener's own interests, and consequently the speaker criticizes and blames the listener to some extent. 4.3 Satire As mentioned above, the construction "Rang/Jiao Ni Zai VP" and its variant "VP" are usually not positive verbs. However, there are also a few cases where the verb is positive. The speaker also uses this construction to express his or her dissatisfaction with the listener when the listener's positive action undermines the speaker's meaning, thus demonstrating a sarcastic stance. (21) A: Chicu-le-ba Chicu-le-ba Eat vinegar-ASP, Eat vinegar-ASP Are you jealous? Are you jealous? B: Xiaohu jiushi zheme beipan wo DEM BE PN DEM betray OB That's how Xiaohu betrayed me. A: Hahaha, jiao ni zai deyi-ya, shuo quanjia zuiai-de shi ni. IDEO, ask OB again proud-ASP, say family love most-BE OB. Hahaha, do not be too proud, saying that the family loved you most. In example (21), we can see from the context that the speaker is dissatisfied with the listener's "De yi", which he thinks is detrimental to his own interests, so when the listener encounters difficulties, the speaker sarcastically expresses his dissatisfaction and negative attitude. 4.4 Warning A warning is a greater form of stance with strong negative attitude of the speaker, sometimes even with a certain sense of threat. It usually occurs when the communication between the listener and the speaker is at an impasse. For example: (22) Zhuding ni chubuliao nangong. Rang ni zaipao, paoge shishi! Destined OB NEG-go outside the South Palace let OB again run, run try try You are destined to stay in the South Palace. Let you run again. Do you want to have a try? B: Bie-zheyang. NEG- DEM Do not be like that! (23) A: Ni gei wo gun-chuqu! Wo yi bu zu ni de chuan, er bu qian ni de zhai, ni pingshenme qifu ren! 2 give OB out. 1 one NEG rent POS boat, two NEG owe POS debt, 2 depend what bully OB? Get out of here! I don't rent your boat, and I don't owe you a debt. What makes you a bully? B: BCP Social Sciences & Humanities SSMI 2022 Volume 17 (2022) 356 Chouniangmen, ni zhuang shenme jia zhengjing? Rang ni zai po, dao bawo zai wo shouli, ye tiao- buchu wo de shouxin. Xingsongde na qionggui gan zhan-ni-yi-zhan, wo bu gei nimen dian yanse kan caiguai. Bit, 2 pretend what? Let OB again spill, knife in POS hands, also NEG jump POS hands. Xingsong poor MOD touch OB, 1 NEG give OB color-ASP. Bitch, what are you pretending to be? Let you spill again. The knife is in my hand, and you can never hide from me! If the poor Song dares to touch you, I will teach you a lesson. Both example (22) and example (23) indicate the speaker's strong tone. Based on the context, we can see that the speaker is expressing negativity towards the listener's action with a certain amount of threat, where the speaker's discontent and negativity are also expressed externally. Therefore, we can also find that the construction not only functions as a negative stance expression of complaint, blame, sarcasm, and warning, but also differs in the grounding, which is based on the interests of the listener as well as the speaker. For example: (24) A: rang ni zai dese, ziji de shenti ziji dou bu zhuyi. Let 2 again show out, POS body 2 NEG pay attention to Let you show out again. You do not pay attention to your own body. B: Keneng dong-zhe-le MOD freezing-ASP I might be freezing. A: Yitiantiande dei duo jian-yangguang-ne One day day MOD more see-sunshine-EXCALM You need to get more sun every day. B: Enen IDEO Mm-hmm. In this corpus, the context shows that the speaker considers the listener's action as "De se" because the listener " ziji de shenti ziji dou bu zhuyi " and expresses a negative attitude towards him, which also reflects the discourse function of blame. From the purpose of the listener, the speaker expresses his reproachful attitude by the construction based on the best wish for him. Therefore, the "VP" of this construction is mostly a neutral or derogatory verb. Another example is: (25) A: Chicu-le-ba Chicu-le-ba Eat vinegar-ASP, Eat vinegar-ASP Are you jealous? Are you jealous? Xiaohu jiushi zheme beipan wo B: DEM BE PN DEM betray OB That's how Xiaohu betrayed me. A: Hahaha, jiao ni zai deyi-ya, shuo quanjia zuiai-de shi ni. IDEO, ask OB again proud-ASP, say family love most-BE OB. Hahaha, do not be too proud, saying that the family loved you most. BCP Social Sciences & Humanities SSMI 2022 Volume 17 (2022) 357 In the above corpus, we can learn from the context that this construction expresses the function of sarcasm, because the listener's saying "shuo quanjia zuiai-de shi ta " is detrimental to the speaker's interests and makes the speaker feel annoyed. Therefore, when the hearer meets with difficulties, the speaker expresses his sarcasm and dissatisfaction by such construction. Based on the principle, the construction is used not only with neutral or derogatory verbs, but also with positive verbs in a few cases. 5. Conclusion In summary, we can learn that in modern Chinese, "Rang/Jiao Ni Zai VP" is a discourse negation construction. The internal condition of subjectification of "Rang" and the external motive of discourse reasoning jointly drive the formation and development of the construction "Rang/Jiao Ni Zai VP", and each of the components is an integral part of it. The “Jiao/Rang” is the core of the construction, the "Zai" is added to give the construction an unpractical feature, the "Ni" is the interactive marker, and the " VP" indicates a certain action that the listener has already done. The sum of these components does not simply reflect the literal implications but negative ones, expressing that the speaker does not want the listener to do a certain action again. In addition, the construction also expresses the negative position of complaint, blame, sarcasm and warning, and its negativity increases progressively. References [1] Bakhtin, M. (1934/1981). The dialogic Imagination: Four Essays by Mikhail Bakhtin. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press. [2] Goldberg, A. E. (1995). Construction: A Construction Grammar Approach to Argument Structure. The University Chicago Press. [3] Qi, J. (2010). A micro-exploration of the pragmatic function of the partitive structure "I call you VP". Journal of Mudanjiang University, 19(07), 67-69. [4] Liu, Z.B. 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