id	author	title	date	pages	extension	mime	words	sentence	flesch	summary	cache	txt
bptjm-57	Gonzaga, Patricia; Tukiman, Ammabel; MacMullan, Noelie; Park, Jason	Tumor Heterogeneity and Therapeutic Challenges: Exploring Approaches and Future Directions	2024	30	.pdf	application/pdf	9400	541	51	It analyzes the genetic and phenotypic variations within tumor cells by distinguishing homogeneous subpopulations within a mixed group of single cells. The process by which di�erent subclones within a tumor change over time11 Factors (e.g. oxygen, nutrient availability, immune cell in�ltration) and interactions with surrounding stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment The ability of one genotype to cause di�erent phenotypes to arise in response to di�erent environments15 Causes Anything that causes more genetic mutations (e.g. limitless replicative potential10, DNA repair defects9) - Typical evolutionary processes12 - In�uenced by many factors, such as the tumor microenviron- ment, metabolism, growth factors, and mutation - Collection of tumor cells that combine to create the tumor microenvironment13 - Consists of the extracellular matrix, immune cells, and stromal cells13 - Epithelial-to- mesenchymal transition (EMT) and certain transcription factors inducing EMT (e.g. Zeb1, Twist)15 - Genetic mutations and epigenetic Berkeley Pharma Tech Journal of Medicine | 86 rate12 modi�cations E�ects - Results in genetically distinct subpopulatio ns of di�erent cells → Genetic heterogeneity - Leads to the expansion of speci�c populations of tumor cells11→ Cellular heterogeneity - Promotes angiogenesis and an environment for cancer cells to grow14 - Prevents immune cells from in�ltrating the tumor14 - In�uences surrounding cells and cancerous cells14 - Protects metastasized cancer cells from ferroptosis, a type of cell death16 - Give rise to subpopulations of tumor cells with distinct functional properties16→ Cellular heterogeneity Table 1.	cache/bptjm-57.pdf	txt/bptjm-57.txt