bece: A Pathfinder

This is a computer-generated pathfinder created against the Distant Reader study called bece.

Each Distant Reader study carrel is composed of many individual items. Each item is bibliographically described with author, title, date, summary, and keyword values. Below is a list of the items' most signficant keywords as well as lists of the items themselves. Purpusing the content of this pathfinder provides the student, researcher, or scholar with one way to get their heads around the scope of the carrel. The keywords include:

Students; School; Learning; China; Teaching; Children; Teachers; Development; Family; Teacher; Performance; Effect; Class; Self; Bullying; Ability; Quality; Support; Child; Schools; Year; Anxiety; Health; Knowledge; Expectations; Covid-19; Service; Victimization; Behavior; Shadow; Evidence; Parents; Sleep; Peer; Reading; Labor; Mathematics; Classroom; Adolescents; Capital; Growth; Subject; Home; Involvement; Control; Intention; Parenting; Gender; System; Technology; Math; Commitment; Competence; Thinking; English; Sharing; Exercise; Effects; Kindergarten; Internet; Empathy; Work; Literacy; Abuse; Universities; Examination; Investment; Employment; Income; Strategies; Status; Suzhou; Gaming; Load; Media; Goal; Weight; Criticism; Resilience; Remigration; Trust; Homework; Feedback; Addiction; Credibility; Poverty; Problems; Cognitive; Programming; Expectation; Suicide; Phone

Depending on how this pathfinder was created, many of the bibliographic sections will include elaborations on the meaning(s) of the given keywords. These elaborations were generated by feeding the items' summaries to a large langauge model and asking the model to address the question, "What is X?", where "X" is the keyword. The result will be a few sentences of elaboration. Be forewarned. The elaborations are often plausible, but they should not be take as truth. Instead, they should be taken as points for consideration.

• Urban-Rural Differences in Student Decision-Making Regarding Shadow Education: An Analysis Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior by Wu, Wei (2023) - Rural students played a more passive role in extracurricu- O mailto:Williamwu19@163.com Vol.14, No.1, 2023 1767 lar tutoring participation and their decision-making were often the result of influences from their parents’ social connections, while urban students are more likely to make autonomous decisions based on their own needs. Rural students could not access private tutoring, especially high-quality private tutoring due to economic constraints and/or traffic difficulties, while their urban peers can enjoy the dual educational advantages: better school education and high-quality extra- curricular tutoring. Keywords: students; tutoring
• The Growth Mindset and Student Social and Emotional Skill Development: An Empirical Analysis Based on the OECD’s SSES by Huang, Zhongjing; Shang, Kaiyue; Zhang, Jing (2023) - The Growth Mindset In OECD’s SSES, there were three items intended to measure individuals’ growth mindset, corresponding to social skills, emotional skills, and intelligence, respectively. BECE, Vol.14, No. 1, 2023 1747 Introduction The growth mindset is a crucial mental attitude in promoting student social and emo- tional skill development. Keywords: growth; mindset; students
• Can the Elite Stream Improve the Academic Achievement of Senior Secondary School Students? A Study of High School Students from X City in western China based on Regression Discontinuity Analysis by Yang, Jing; Ye, Xiaomei; Du, Yuhong (2023) - With elite classes, schools put high achieving students into the fast stream, equipping them with experienced anchor teachers, and implementing more demanding instruction. Data shows that despite the significant differences in the sources of science students as well as the varia- tions in the number and size of elite classes and the student test results among various schools, the cutoff points for elite classes in all schools are similar, with standard devia- tions ranging from 0.64 to 0.96. Keywords: china; stream; students
• Technology-Supported Teaching Interventions and Student Computational Thinking: A Meta-Analysis Based on 37 Empirical Studies by Zhou, Qin (2023) - (i) Place high premiums on computational thinking development of students and design teaching intervention strategies corresponding to differential catego- ries of computational thinking skills. (v) Adopt small-size class teaching with special fo- cus on junior secondary school students; place emphasis on the development of computational thinking skills in both male and female students to forego the stereotype of computer science-related disciplines being dominated by male students. Keywords: students; thinking
• The Disparities in Students’ Access to College Admission Information: Narrowing the “Information Divide” by Wu, Qiuxiang (2024) - E-mail: editorial-office@bonoi.org HIS study investigates the effects of student socio-economic status (SES) on their access to college admission information with a sample of 2056 12th-graders from a county-level city in western China.  Students’ internet use in accessing college admission information is associated with their personal preferences and information search tactics. Keywords: information; students
• Effectiveness of Computer Application in Improving Reading Skills in Chinese Language and Towards Post-Attitudes as Home-based Learning by Chee, Ken Nee (2024) - The comparative analysis based on Table 2 and Figure 4 demonstrates that the integration of computer applications in Chinese language learning generally enhances students’ perceptions of their reading skills and attitudes towards the subject. The integration of computer applications in language acquisition has been a subject of considerable interest, particularly in the context of Chinese language learning. Keywords: application; chinese; computer; control; doi; group; language; learning; reading; reading skills; research; skills; students; study; teaching
• The Effects of Home Education and Educational Aspirations on Academic Achievements in Primary and Secondary School Students: An Empirical Analysis Based on Data from the China Family Panel Studies by Huang, Haoyan (2025) - • Student educational aspirations mediated the relationship be- tween home education and student academic achievements, and the student’s age posed a moderating effect on this relationship. For secondary school students, parental involvement ought to focus on developing their positive mental qualities, enhancing their self-motivation in learning. Keywords: students
• The Effects of Metacognitive Scaffolding on Scientific Concept Learning in Senior Primary Students in the Context of Virtual Scientific Inquiry: An Empirical Study by Shan, Meixian (2025) - Plan learning tasks with explicit objectives and support student self-monitoring and reflection at the initial stage of scientific concept study. Metacognitive scaffolding can improve students’ perfor- mance in scientific concept transfer by supporting their con- fidence judgements in this area. Keywords: scaffolding; students
• The Effects of School Governance Participation on Creativity in Basic Education Students by Ma, Siteng (2025) - Research Results: • A model for student participation in school governance in the Chinese context was advanced, which includes three dimensions: free expression, involvement in the school agenda, and delibera- tive discussion. Students should be encouraged to actively engage in school or class-level agendas, which necessitates institutional improvements, such as establishing platforms for student representatives to participate in F Vol.20, No.2, 2025, BECE 1988 school decision-making and creating mechanisms via which stu- dents can influence school development. Keywords: students
• Peer Effects of High-Achieving Students by Dong, Caiting (2025) - These poli- cies, which involve randomly assigning students to schools and balancing class compositions, can mitigate over-concentration of high-ability students in certain schools or classes. This study is an investigation into the effects of the proportion of high-achieving students in a class on cognitive performance, educational ex- pectations, school adaptation, and mental health of their classmates, based on data of middle school students with random class assignment from the China Education Panel Survey (CEPS). Keywords: students
• Analysis of the Factors Influencing Junior High School students’ Academic Performance and the Construction of a Prediction Model by Yan, Shunzhi; Li, Wenhui (2025) - Description of the Variables Dependent Variable The dependent variable in this study is student academic performance. As Chinese, Mathematics, and English are core subjects in middle school (and notably, these three subjects have the same maximum score in the high school entrance examination in most provinces), they were assigned equal weight to comprehensively reflect student academic performance. Keywords: academic; china; education; expectations; factors; high; hukou; learning; model; performance; school; school students; students; study; variable
• Preference for General over Vocational Tracks: An Investigation Based on a Survey of 21,531 Junior Secondary Students from Three Autonomous Prefectures by Shen, Youlu (2025) - (ii) Measures should be taken to address the specific reasons for students’ reluctance to pursue the vocational track, including increasing investment in secondary vocational education, creating more employment opportunities for vocational graduates, and rais- ing the income levels of secondary vocational graduates; (iii) Career plan- ning training should be encouraged in primary and secondary schools to en- hance the appeal of the vocational track. Based on its findings, the study proposes the following recommenda- tions: (i) Schools, governments at all levels, and the media should actively disseminate information about recent developments in secondary vocational education to increase the public knowledge of the prospects of personal de- T mailto:youlushen@126.com Vol.21, No.2, 2025, BECE 2050 velopment as secondary vocational students. Keywords: education; students
• The Benefits to Students of Helping Others by Fang, Ping (2020) - Newsletter Vol.6, No.1, 2020 791 The Benefits to Students of Helping Others By Lu, C., Jiang, Y., Zhao, X., & Fang, P. Correspondence to: Fang, P. Email: pingf2007@126.com EACHERS would be grateful if students adopted the positive social cus- tom of “one for all, all for one”. They recommended providing students with empathy training, cultivation of social responsibility, and education on interpersonal trust. Keywords: students
• Online Teaching During the “School is Out, but Class is On” Period: Based on 33,240 Online Questionnaire Surveys Across China by Wang, Dongdong; Wang, Huaibo; Zhang, Wei; Wang, Hairong; Shen, Xiaoping (2020) - (iii) Strengthen content construc- tion and supervision to improve the digital education-related public service system, in- crease the effective supply of high-quality educational resources, and expand the cover- age of online teaching resources of famous schools and famous teachers. It aimed to understand the online teaching situation and the attitudes of different subjects towards online teaching during the “School is Out, but Class is On” period. Keywords: china; class; education; learning; online; period; school; students; teachers; teaching
• The Current Situation, Characteristics, and Countermeasures of the Verbal Abuse to Students by Elementary School Teachers: An Empirical Study of Four Provinces and Cities in China by Wang, Qiran; Li, Yang (2020) - Funding: Research on the governance of school bullying (17JYA003); A study on the mechanism of bullying and violence in elementary and middle school in Beijing (AACA17015); Teacher verbal abuse on the primary through high school students (1812217). According to the survey (Figure 2), only 7% of the respondents held an “indiffer- ent” attitude towards teacher verbal abuse, 46.9% of the respondents would feel “sad for a while” after suffering teacher’s verbal abuse, and 46.1% of the respondents would feel “very sad”. Keywords: abuse; bullying; elementary; performance; school; students; study; teachers; wang
• Does the Salary of Elementary and Middle School Teachers Affect Students’ Participation in Extracurricular Tutoring? by Xue, Haiping; Gao, Xiang; Fan, Aiai (2020) - For each additional unit of elementary school teacher wage index, the possibility of students participating in extracurricular tutoring decreases by 0.096 units, i.e., the higher the elementary school teacher wage index, the lower the possibility of students participating in extracurricular tutoring. For every addition- al unit of middle school teacher wage index, the possibility of students participating in extracurricular tutoring decreased by 0.090 units, i.e., the higher the secondary school teacher wage index, the lower the possibility of students participating in extracurricular tutoring. Keywords: elementary; index; middle; participation; salary; school; students; teachers; tutoring; wage
• Are Students Satisfied with the Current School-Based Curriculum of Chinese Traditional Culture? A Survey of 120 Elementary and Middle Schools in China by Ding, Yiran; Lv, Lijie (2020) - Are students satisfied with the current school- based curriculum of Chinese traditional culture? The ideological culture that transcends time and space and has current value is called Chinese traditional culture. Keywords: chinese; content; course; culture; curriculum; expectations; implementation; quality; satisfaction; school; students; value
• Study on the Ideal Matching Mode of Sleep Time and High Academic Performance of High School Students in China and Its Early Warning Mechanism by Liu, Jian; Zhao, Liman; Du, Xiaofeng; Xu, Guanxing (2020) - Study on the ideal matching mode of sleep time and high academic performance of high school students in China and its early warning mechanism. Vol.6, No. 2, 2020 847 Question HE sleep problems of high school students have received extensive attention from educational administration and scholars. Keywords: category; hours; index; learning; performance; quality; school students; schools; sleep; sleep time; students
• Matthew Effect or Fair Effect by Fang, Chao (2021) - Among the stu- dents with low scores, the regression coefficient was negative and significant, indicating that for the students with low cognitive ability, more investment in family education was not conducive to the im- provement of students’ cognitive ability. The regression model shows that family education investment can significantly predict the cognitive level of students. Keywords: students
• The Non-Intellectual Norm of Middle School Students’ Mathematics Learning and Its Grade Evaluation Standard: Taking Tianjin as an Example by Wang, Guangming; Li, Jian; Jian, Jingxian (2021) - Therefore, it is indispensable to study the non-intellectual norm of middle school students in mathematics. From Figure 6, in the dimension of motivation, the subject’s class was equivalent to the “middle” level of middle school students in Tianjin; it was slight- ly lower than the “middle” level of middle school students in the city in terms of emo- tion, willpower, and personality; The class of the subjects was significantly higher than the “middle” level of the city’s middle school students. Keywords: learning; mathematics; middle; norm; school; students
• Is It Reliable for Physical Education Teacher to be A Head teacher? A Mixed-Method Study by Bai, Ping; Zhang, Jiacheng; Yao, Jijun (2021) - On the one hand, “non-core subject” teachers, including P.E. teachers, have long been used as head teachers; on the other hand, there has never been any policy or regulation in China that prohibits P.E. teachers from serv- ing as head teachers. In recent years, the topic of P.E. teacher serving as head teacher has become a hot topic of public attention. Keywords: class; education; experimental; head; head teacher; management; p.e; school; students; teacher
• The Effect of Migrant Students on Local Students' Academic Performance by Liu, Zeyun (2021) - The proportion of migrant students with agricultural household reg- istration statistically negatively affect the academic performance of female local students, local students with better ability, local stu- dents studying in the best local schools, and local students in munic- ipalities or provincial capital cities. Email: zeyun_liu@bnu.edu.cn HETHER the aggregation of migrant students in schools will affect the academic development of local students is a valuable and practical problems. Keywords: students
• The Influence of Advanced Learning Experience in Secondary School on the Performance in Top-notch University by Lu, Yi (2021) - It is also noticeable family socioeconomic status has a significant impact on the motivation of top students to study in university. Talented secondary school students in Beijing and Shanghai have started to break away from competitions while devoting themselves to science and innovation A Vol.7, No.2, 2021 1006 learning, which is highly dependent on educational resources. Keywords: students
• Discussion on the Role of “Head Teacher” in China’s Basic Education by Zhou, Longjun; Li, Fangmei (2021) - The particularity of head teachers’ duties and labor in China determines that teachers engaged in head teacher work should have strong professional qualities, such as excellent teaching ability, class management ability, moral reflection ability, and spiritual care ability. Head teacher system. Keywords: china; class; education; head; school; students; teacher
• Success for All: Professor Slavin and the Improvement of Evidence-Based Schools and Its Enlightenment to China by Zhou, Longjun; Gu, Hui (2021) - In order to promote school reform and ensure the effect of intervention, SFA has also formed a package plan including research support, teaching optimization, leadership improve- ment, and home-school cooperation. In addition, Borman et al. also conducted a longitudinal follow-up survey of Baltimore school students and found that by the eighth grade, these students’ performance in standardized reading was still significantly better than the early control students (Borman et al., 2003). Keywords: china; education; evidence; improvement; reform; research; school; sfa; slavin; students; success
• The Effects of Teacher Professional Development on Student Achievement by Wei, Yi (2021) - In addition, stu- dents’ achievement and teachers’ effectiveness are affected by various fac- tors, therefore, it is also important to combine quantitative and qualitative re- searches, collecting multi-dimensional teacher data, so as to more objectively evaluate the effects of teachers’ participation in professional development ac- tivities on students’ achievement. Email: ywei@ciefr.pku.edu.cn OST of the previous empirical studies on teacher professional devel- opment mainly focused on the impacts of professional development activities on teachers themselves, while fewer analyzed the impacts on stu- dents. Keywords: students
• How Does Physical Exercise Affect Academic Performance? The Mediating Role of Non-Cognitive Abilities by Li, Wenye; Yao, Jijun; Zhou, Shike (2021) - Pleasant 4.44*** (0.319) Neuroticism -7.23*** (0.23) R² 0.002 0.09 0.16 0.29 F 213.088 2288.96 2653.349 3159.02 Note: () is the standard error of the coefficient; * represents the significance level, where * is P < 0.1, ** is P < 0.05, *** is P < 0.01. rated physical exercise variables; models 2 and 3 incorporated background control vari- ables to estimate the positive effects of physical exercise; model 4 incorporated non- cognitive abilities variables to build a full model, analyzed the positive impact, and ini- tially discuss the impact mechanism of physical exercise. Pay Attention to Non-Cognitive Abilities and Open the “Black Box” of Physical Exercise This research has discovered the mediating role of non-cognitive abilities in the influ- ence of physical exercise, which shows that in the black box of physical exercise and academic performance, previous studies have indeed overlooked some key variables. Keywords: abilities; chinese; effect; exercise; middle; non; performance; school; students; study; variables
• The Impact of High School Entrance Examination Competition on Students’ Participation in Extracurricular Tutoring in the Compulsory Education Period: An Empirical Analysis Based on the Data of China Family Panel Studies by Xue, Haiping; Fang, Chenchen (2021) - According to the MMI theory, when high school education is not yet widespread, peo- ple’s primary goal is to get education opportunities, that is, “going to high school.” Thus, going to high school can no longer effectively maintain their children’s dominant position in high school education and future higher education competition for families with higher social strata. Keywords: acceptance rate; demonstration; education; examination; participation rate; school acceptance; school entrance; school students; students; tutoring
• A Comparative Analysis of Large-scale Online Education between Urban and Rural K-12 Schools in China during the COVID-19 by Hu, Yiling (2021) - The information technology literacy of urban school students scored higher than that of rural school students. Urban schools spend a larger proportion of U mailto:ylhu@deit.ecnu.edu.cn Vol.8, No.2, 2021 1146 time online lessons, while rural schools tend to concentrate on the online discussions between teachers and students. Keywords: schools; students
• Rebuild Classroom Teaching Values by Ye, Lan (2021) - Reconstruction of Subject Teaching Values The second level of the reconstruction of classroom teaching values is the reconstruc- tion of subject teaching values. The new basic education realizes the conversion and infiltration of common teaching values recognized by teachers into subject teaching values through the research of subject teaching reform plan, case design, practice and evaluation, and research on subject teaching design. Keywords: classroom; development; education; knowledge; students; subject; teaching; values
• Exploration of the Research-Based “New Basic Education” Experiment by Lan Ye by Meng, Weijie; Ning, Fengqi (2021) - Through a comprehensive reflection on traditional school education, the theoreti- cal and practical concept of “new basic education” was put forward, leading the trend of basic education research and practice in China at the turn of the century, and directly spawning China’s first localized education school, namely “Life-Practical Education School,” a feasible way for China’s educational innovation (Ji & Shen, 2009). The study of contemporary development and changes in Chinese soci- ety made a big impact on school education reforms. Keywords: education; practice; reform; research; school; students; teaching; theory
• Empirical Research on the Relationship between Family Economic, Social and Cultural Status and Students’ Exposure to School Bullying: Mediating Effects of Parental Support and Teacher Support by Huang, Liang; Zhao, Decheng (2019) - We identify the mechanism by which family ESCS influences students’ exposure to school bullying: family ESCS indirectly impacted students’ exposure to school bully- ing through its effect on parental and teacher support available to students. Coefficient SE Family ESCS -0.055*** 0.016 -0.052** 0.019 -0.040* 0.020 Male (Reference group: Female) 0.423*** 0.046 0.422*** 0.046 Lower secondary school students (Reference group: Vocational school students) -0.030 0.079 -0.114 0.122 Upper secondary school students (Reference group: Vocational school students) Keywords: bullying; escs; exposure; family; family escs; school; school bullying; students; support
• An Empirical Study on the Influence of School Choice on Junior Middle School Students’ Academic Performance by Fang, Chenchen (2019) - Using data from the 2014 China Education Panel Survey, this study analyzes the differences in the likelihood of making a school choice for students with different family backgrounds in China, and then estimates the effect of school choice on the academic achievement of junior high school students. Overall, 26.8% of junior high school students enter their school through at least one way of choosing a school, indicating that more than a quarter of junior high school students in China are school-choice students. Keywords: children; choice; choosing; education; school; students
• Family Capitals and Education Acquisitions: Analysis on the Mediating Effect of Shadow Education by Xue, Haiping (2019) - The interme- diary model shows family economic capital influences education acquisitions of stu- dents (the results of standardized regression path coefficient of the model are shown in Figure 4). The estab- lished model of family political capital influencing education was a good theoretical hypothesis model because CMIN/DF>5 rejects theoretical model 1 and was the larg- est number of valid samples in the model statistically analyzes (N=19,487). Keywords: children; education; education acquisitions; family; family capitals; impact; influence; model; performance; school; school education; shadow education; students
• Overview and Insight from the China Research Report on the Global Youth Survey of Social and Emotional Skills by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development by Zhao, Fengping; Meng, Weijie; Li, Fangmei; Zhou, Longjun (2021) - Rapid world changes and increasing maturity of the application of automation technology, make the development of social emotional abilities crucial (UNESCO, 2019). Definition and Value of Social and Emotional Capa- bilities Definition of Social and Emotional Competence The proposed assessment of social emotional ability is based on research of social and emotional ability. Keywords: abilities; ability; china; chinese; development; doi; education; evaluation; family; group; oecd; project; report; school; skills; social; students; survey; teacher; year; youth
• Emotional Regulation: Report on the Study of Social and Emotional Skills of Chinese Adolescents (II) by Zhi, Liu; Zhu, Ruirui; Cui, Haili; Huang, Jingzhong (2021) - This shows that the discordant parent-child rela- tionship and strict fathers hinder students’ emotional regulation abilities. A large number of empirical studies indicate that emotional regulation is closely related to health and well-being, but es- pecially overall physical and mental health. Keywords: group; regulation; students; year
• Open-Mindedness: Report on the Study of Social and Emotional Skills of Chinese Adolescents (IV) by Shao, Zhifang; Liu, Zhi; Yang, Shuyu; Huang, Jingzhong (2021) - It is therefore necessary to strengthen encouragement and guidance for high school girls, rural school students, and vocational school students to prevent “stereotype threats” caused by various gaps. There are also higher correlation coefficients between open-mindedness’ sub-abilities and the sub-abilities of other abilities. Keywords: curiosity; group; students; year
• Communicative Competence: The Fifth Report of the Social and Emotional Competence Test of Chinese Adolescents by Huang, Jingzhong; Wang, Qian ; Chen, Huanchun; Gao, Xingyuan (2021) - Influencing Factors of Communicative Ability Use multiple regression to analyze the factors that affect the ability of com- munication, including background variables, student variables, teacher varia- bles, school variables, family variables, and the impact of students’ happi- ness, courage and vitality. The se- cond part uses factors that affect the ability to communicate through multiple regression analysis, including background variables, student variables, teach- er variables, school variables, family variables, and the impact of student happiness, courage and vitality. Keywords: group; students; vitality; year
• Exploration of the Non-Cognitive Ability Assessment: The Scientific Value of the Survey on Social and Emotional Skills by Cheng, Xiaoqiao (2021) - –Joachim Low OMPARED with cognitive skills, non-cognitive skills cannot be ac- complished through simple academic level tests. This aims to evaluate the social and emotional skills of young people in participating countries and cities, and how to improve these skills through education, so as to promote the balanced development of cognitive skills and social emotions. Keywords: ability; evaluation; oecd; skills; students; test
• The Correlation of Expenditure on School Level and Students’ Academic Performance: Based on the Empirical Study in Western Poor Rural China by Li, Lili; Guan, Hongyu; Rozelle, Scott (2019) - Three major factors of school expenditure (including school expenditure, and the scale of teachers and classes) are considered as important parts of education investment (Hanushek, 2002). Studies of the relationship between school expenditures and students’ achievements has also presented an inconsistent con- clusion: increasing educational facilities was not enough to improve students’ academic performance demonstrated by the research results of Angrist and Lavy in 1999; but Keywords: chinese; expenditure; level; math; performance; school; students; yes
• Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the "Application-assessment" Admission Method in Doctoral Student Enrollment by Wang, Yashuang (2021) - The results of sub-sample regression analysis show that in science and engineering, the scientific research output of doctoral stu- dents admitted through the “application-assessment” method is significantly higher than that of doctoral students admitted through other methods; in the humanities and social sciences, the scientific research output of doctoral students admitted through the “application-assessment” method is higher than that of doc- toral students admitted by other enrollment methods, but it is not significant at the 5% level.  Secondly, Tobit regression and propensity value matching methods are used to compare the difference in scientific research output between doctoral students admitted through the “application- assessment” method and those admitted through other methods. Keywords: method; students
• The Determinants and Impacts of Private Tutoring in and out of School in Hong Kong by Li, J.L. (2021) - After School Program in Hong Kong intended to serve poor students are mainly for poor performance students instead of poor students. Therefore, schools provide After School Program based on students’ academic performance rather than family condi- tions, which deviate from the original intention of serving poor fami- lies and turns into, serve poor performance students. Keywords: school; students
• Does Teacher Training Narrow the Educational Gap between Urban and Rural Students? Empirical Evidence from CEPS Baseline Data by Sun, Ran; Du, Ping (2021) - So, does rural teacher training really improve the quality of rural education and thereby narrow the gap with urban education devel- opment? Therefore, in order to reduce the performance gap between urban and rural students, it is necessary to increase the training opportunities for rural teachers, improve the quality of rural teacher training, and improve the early learning ability of rural students. Keywords: academic; education; effect; gap; performance; rural; students; teacher; teacher training; training; urban
• The Influence of School Loose-Tight Culture on Bullying of Middle School Students: The Mediating Role of Collective Moral Disengagement and Collective Efficacy by Song, Yirui; Wang, Lei (2021) - School culture is the core force that promotes the development of the school and the internal mechanism that affects students’ behavior. Therefore, it is feasible and significant to discuss the impact of school culture on campus bullying from the collective level. Keywords: bullying; collective; culture; disengagement; efficacy; school; students; tight
• Teacher Support, Reading Strategy and Reading Literacy: A Two-Level Mediation Model by Chen, Qishan; Lei, Yaying; Wen, Zhonglin; Li, Shutong; Li, Jieying; Kong, Yurou (2019) - Reading literacy is influenced by the external factors of students (such as school atmosphere, teacher support, family socioeconomic status, etc.) and internal factors (such as learning strategies, learning motivations, etc.) In this pro- cess, memory strategies, elaboration strategies, control strategies, understanding and remembering information strategies, and generalizing information strategies may play different roles between teacher support and student reading. Keywords: effect; learning; level; literacy; reading; strategies; strategy; students; support; teacher; teacher support
• Who Matters, Teacher or Parents? by Zhao, Ningning (2022) - Research Methods: This study takes more than 4,000 students in grades 3-6 as sample, us- ing students’ academic achievements in Chinese, learning style, goal percep- tion and family factors as research tools, to explore the impact of parents’ and teachers’ goals perceived by students on their learning style and academ- ic achievements in Chinese and the mediating effect of learning style. Parents’ expectations have a significant positive effect on students’ perceived parental acquisition goal (β = 0.157, P < 0.001), surface learning style (β = 0.071, P < 0.001) and academic achievements in Chinese (β = 0.111, P < 0.001). Keywords: chinese; students
• A Study of College Students’ Foreign Language Anxiety in English Learning Based on the Teaching Model of Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol by Wei, Chenhua (2022) - SIOP teaching concepts are consistent with the trends of foreign language teaching in China, providing reference for teachers in improving their bilingual teaching skills and imple- menting English teaching reform. Foreign language anxiety in English learning has always been a major focus of English teaching research. Keywords: anxiety; english; language; learning; model; siop; students; teaching
• Does Housework Help Improve Academic Performance? An Empirical Analysis on the Influence of Participation in Housework on Academic Performance of Primary and Middle School Students by Wang, Xuechun; Yao, Jijun; Zhou, Shike (2022) - On the other hand, the education authorities and schools should further in- crease publicity and guidance with various channels of communication to clarify the importance of housework education, and help parents raise their awareness of house- work education, reduce or eliminate their excessive academic anxiety, and thus actively implement family housework education. This paper addresses this issue by examining the meaning of housework education, and the effects of housework performance on student academic achievement. Keywords: academic; children; education; family; housework; housework education; matching; participation; performance; school; school students; students; variable; wang
• Differences in Educational Expectations between Urban and Rural Junior High School Students: Individual, Family, and Social Structures by Li, Fuli; Hou, Yuna (2022) - Rural junior high school students were mostly clustered in rural schools, while urban junior high school students were mostly clustered in central city schools and migrant junior high school students were distributed among schools in both urban and rural areas. The results showed that the involvement of parents of rural junior high school students was signifi- cantly lower than that of parents of urban junior high school students (diff. Keywords: ability; china; differences; educational; expectations; factors; family; rural; school; school students; students; urban
• What Role Does School Play in Helping Socioeconomically Disadvantaged Students Succeed against the Odds? by Zhang, Pingping; Hu, Yongmei (2019) - These results indicated that, compared with their peers, male students, older students (who enrolled in school later than usual or have had re- peated grades), rural school students and small school students were more likely to face the risk of academic failure caused by low family SES, so they need more attention be- ing paid by their parents and educators. After accounting for the controlling variables, five school factors significantly and positively predicted each group’s academic achievement indicating that junior high school students with different family SES all benefited from the im- provement of school average SES, school SES heterogeneity, school education re- sources, teaching quality and school climate; and with the exception of school climate, the effect of the other four school factors on students’ academic performance increased as family SES decreased. Keywords: achievement; climate; education; effect; family; high; quality; resources; role; school; school climate; school ses; ses; students; teaching
• Individual and Class Factors Influencing Students' Social and Emotional Skills by Li, Mingwei (2022) - Based on the analysis results, the re- searchers suggest that in developing students’ social and emotional skills, teachers should understand and respect differences among individuals, tailor- ing teaching according to students’ aptitude; Meanwhile, supportive class S mailto:781945994@qq.com Vol.10, No.2, 2022 1421 atmosphere and harmonious interpersonal relationships also play an im- portant role in developing students’ social and emotional skills; Furthermore, extra curriculum activities in various forms should be provided for students to practice non-cognitive skills. Newsletter Vol.10, No.2, 2022 1420 Individual and Class Factors Influencing Students’ Social and Emotional Skills By Li, M. W., Mao, Y. Q., & Li, Y. F. Correspondence to: Mingwei Li, Nanjing Normal University. Keywords: students
• Can Transfer Payment Reduce the Inequality of Compulsory Education in Poor Areas? An Empirical Study Based on the Data from 18 Counties in 6 Provinces in China by Zhou, Wei ; Fu, Weidong (2022) - The contin- ual increase in transfer payment results in shrinkage of educational funding. For instance, transfer payment impacts student mathematics results most significantly because short-term efforts can make a difference to mathematics learning. Keywords: areas; education; payment; results; students; transfer; transfer payment
• Relationship between Time Length of E-learning Environment Using and Physical Health of Elementary and Middle School Students by Gao, Jing; Liu, Jing; Feng, Hong; Zhang, Zhixin (2019) - Comparison of the Degree of Different Semesters Students’ Respiratory Rate Affected by the Time Length of E-learning Environment Using Each Week In order to explore the extent to which the respiratory rate of students of different se- mesters was affected by the time length of e-learning environment using each week, we used Covariance Analysis to analyze the data of middle school students and elementary school students, respectively. Comparison of the Degree of Different Semesters Students’ Body Mass Index Affect- ed by the Time Length of E-learning Environment Using Each Week In order to explore the extent to which the Body Mass Index of students of different semesters was affected by the time length of e-learning environment using each week, we used Covariance Analysis to analyze the data of middle school students and elemen- tary school students, respectively. Keywords: environment; learning; school students; students; time length; week
• The Effect of Preschool Education on Non-cognitive Skills of Middle School Students: Empirical Study Based on CEPS by Gong, Xin; Li, Zhenyi (2019) - In terms of the specific impact of preschool education on children’s development, it mainly focuses on the following two aspects: cognitive ability including in language, mathematics, and academic achievement; and non-cognitive ability such as sociability, self-confidence, motivation, etc. In recent decades, sup- porters of the new human capital theory headed by Heckman divided the “ability” in human capital into two parts: cognitive and non-cognitive abilities, emphasizing the important role of non-cognitive ability that is independent from cognitive ability (Heckman, 2007). Keywords: ability; children; development; education; family; middle; non; preschool; skills; students; study
• An Empirical Study of the Influence of Continuing Education on Youth Entrepreneurship in Taiwan by Liu, Chang-Qing; Gamble, Jeffrey Hugh; Chen, I Hua (2019) - Despite the importance of lifelong education and its reported benefits for graduates entering the workforce, few empirical studies have evaluated the relationship between continuing education on entrepre- neurship. The purpose of this study was to determine the proportion of youth engaged in entrepreneurship (as measured by self-employment) and evaluate the relationship between continuing education and youth entrepreneurship. Keywords: data; education; employment; entrepreneurship; entrepreneurship education; et al; self; students; study; taiwan; youth; youth entrepreneurship
• Research on the Influence of Teacher Variables on Students’ Mathematical Achievements by Bai, Shengnan; Han, Jiwei; Li, Canhui (2019) - Teacher variables were composed of teacher characteristic variables, teacher teaching variables, and teacher profes- sional development variables. Student Variable Teacher Variable Zero Model Model 1 Student background variable: Gender, age, family book collec- tion, home computer, home desk, mobile phone, Keywords: education; mathematics; scores; students; teacher; teacher variables; teaching; training; variables
• The Effect of Parental Involvement on Online Learning Performance of Secondary Students: A Report on the Survey of Primary and Secondary School Online Teaching in Jiangsu Province by Shen, Shusheng (2022) - Homework tutoring by parents has the greatest positive effect on online learning outcomes and also posi- tively influences learning engagement and learning psychology of students; the creation of a good learning environment can predict student learning engagement to a considerable extent and directly af- T mailto:ssshen_nj@163.com Vol.11, No.1, 2022 1468 fects online learning experience and learning psychology; excessive parental education expectations or over-rigorous learning supervi- sion may negatively affect students’ learning psychology and exac- erbate students’ anxiety and academic stress. Based on a large-scale survey of online teaching in primary and secondary schools commissioned by the Jiangsu Provincial Department of Education, this study explores how middle school students perform in online learning and how pa- rental involvement affects secondary school students’ online learning per- formance. Keywords: learning; students
• Patterns of Bullying Victimization among Adolescents in China: Based on a Latent Profile Analysis by Wei, Yumin; Xie, Jiashu; Zhu, Zhuorong (2019) - Among the victims of school bullying, the four common types of bullying, namely verbal, physical, relational and cyber bullying, are co-occurring, and there are four typical patterns of school bullying victimization: all-type (tradi- tional and cyber) bullying victimization class (1.5%), a traditional victimization class (3.9%), a mild traditional victimization class (14.9%), a non-victimization class (79.6%). China's approach to preventing and controlling student bullying: an analysis of recent policies to control school bullying. Keywords: adolescents; analysis; bullying; china; class; latent; school; students; victimization; victims
• Substitution or Complementation: The Relationship between School Education and Shadow Education by Li, Jiali (2020) - In order to explore the relationship between shadow education and regular school education, this study applies two-level Bernoulli Model to estimate the school-level determinants of private tutoring by analyzing the data of PISA 2015 of four regions of China including Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu, and Guangdong. The shortage of high-quality teachers in the village schools stimulates parents to purchase tutoring service to substitute for regular school education. Keywords: demand; education; quality; school; shadow; shadow education; students; teachers; tutoring
• Peer Effect of Middle School Students: A Natural Experiment Based on Puberty Developmental Maturity by Du, Yuhong; Guo, Yanbin (2020) - Hoxby (2000b) believed that the ways of peer effect include: mutual help between students; students’ inherent ability to affect peers through the spillover effect of knowledge and the impact on class position- ing; behaviors affected by the environment also affect peers; disability, race, gender, and family income also play a role; peer effects can also take a part through the atti- tudes of teachers and administrators to students. However, the following limitations exist: (1) This study analyzes the peer effect of middle school students from the perspective of adolescent development and maturity, but this is only one type of peer effect, and the overall analysis of all types of peer effects has not been achieved. Keywords: class; development; effect; maturity; peer; peer effect; performance; puberty; research; school; school students; students
• Online Shadow Education in Hong Kong: Perspectives from Secondary School Students and Private Tutors by Cheng, Ching Ho (2022) - Online shadow education in Hong Kong: Perspectives from secondary school students and private tutors. There is still a need for research related to technology and shadow education in order to show any significant relation- ship; thus, this research focuses on online shadow education in Hong Kong. Keywords: classes; doi; education; hong; hong kong; kong; learning; lessons; research; shadow; shadow education; students; study; teaching; tutoring; tutors
• The Influence of Grandparenting at the Preschool Stage on Human Capital Accumulation of Junior Secondary Students: An Empirical Analysis Based on the CEPS Data by Ning, Manxiu (2022) -  Preschool grandparenting considerably promotes cognitive ability of junior secondary students, but significantly inhibited their non- cognitive ability growth. At the same time, the development of non-cognitive skills should be incorporated into the teaching and learning process to boost the comprehensive and lasting competitiveness of junior secondary students in the future labor market. Keywords: ability; students
• “School’s Out, But Class’s On”, The Largest Online Education in the World Today: Taking China’s Practical Exploration During The COVID-19 Epidemic Prevention and Control as an Example by Zhou, Longjun; Li, Fangmei; Wu, Shanshan; Zhou, Ming (2020) - In the era of mobile internet, countries around the world have made various effective attempts at online education, but online education is more of a supplement to school education, and large- scale normal online education lacks cases. In this huge online teaching activity, the national basic education resources public service platform, China University MOOC and other mainstream MOOC platforms are meeting together with Alibaba, Tencent Education, ByteDance, Dongshi Ideal and other educational information enterprises to integrate all types of online education resources at all levels, to achieve full coverage of the platform, and share all resources. Keywords: china; class; construction; development; education; education informatization; epidemic; informatization; learning; ministry; online; people; resources; school; students; teaching
• School Bullying: The Intolerable Evil in Children’s Growth by Zhou, Longjun (2022) - School bullying is a term used to describe the physically and mentally harmful behaviors inflicted on students by their school peers or outsiders on campus or occasionally outside of school. In education, the growing occurrence of school bullying is exemplified by the perpetrators’ younger ages and use of violence, as well as the aggravated consequences. Keywords: bullying; school; students; victimization
• Influences of Teachers, Students and School Climate on Bullying Victimization: Evidence from China by Zhu, Ying; Teng, Yiying (2022) - However, school bullying still topped the agenda of this year’s two plenary sessions of China’s political bodies (2022 two sessions) and incidents of bul- lying victimization are often reported in media outlets. These single incidents are just a tip of the ice- berg and in fact, more instances of school bullying have surfaced with vic- timization constituting a major source of injuries (Li et al., 2020). Keywords: 2018; bullying; bullying victimization; california; china; classroom; climate; doi; learning; model; school; school bullying; shanghai; social; students; support; teacher; teng; victimization
• Practical Exploration of School-Family Cooperative Education during the COVID-19 Epidemic: A Case Study of Zhenjiang Experimental School in Jiangsu Province, China by Xia, Jianping (2020) - Guide parents to actively cooperate with the online teaching activities carried out by the school, participate in student education, create a good learning and education environment for students, and achieve student develop- ment goals. In addition, the school will digitize school-based learning resources based on study guides to provide more targeted learning resources for school students. Keywords: education; epidemic; family; learning; school; students
• A Six-Step Online Teaching Method Based on Protocol-Guided Learning during the COVID-19 Epidemic: A Case Study of the First Middle School Teaching Practice in Changyuan City, Henan Province, China by Cai, Ruichang; Wang, Quanzhou (2020) - In response to the “School’s Out, But Class’s On” policy, i.e., “School is closed, but student learning is continuing online” or “Online Home Study” (This refers to the Official Website of the Chinese Ministry of Education: http://en.moe.gov.cn/), teachers and students throughout the school use pro- tocol-guided learning as the carrier and online teaching platforms as the basis for online teaching activities to promote student autonomous learning. Teachers’ Online Lecture Guidance, Problem Correc- tion and Re-Feedback Teachers learn about student group learning in a timely manner, and based on under- standing of student learning, targeted teaching. Keywords: learning; school; students; teaching
• Autonomous Learning of Elementary Students at Home During the COVID-19 Epidemic: A Case Study of the Second Elementary School in Daxie, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China by Xie, Zhuodan; Yang, Jiani (2020) - Studies have shown that students’ autonomous learn- ing can effectively improve student learning performance (Zhou & Li, 2020), improve the effectiveness of student learning, and promote the cultivation of lifelong learning abilities Cheng (Guo, 2020). On February 12, 2020, the Ministry of Education and the Minis- try of Industry and Information Technology jointly issued the “Notice on the Work Ar- rangement of” School’s Out, But Class’s On “During the Extension of Chinese Elemen- tary School”, advocating that “localities combine local learning resources and coordi- nate arrangements” to use the Internet To achieve “School’s Out, But Class’s On”, i.e., “School is closed, but student learning is continuing online” or “Online Home Study” (This refers to the Official Website of the Chinese Ministry of Education: http://en.moe.gov.cn/), to provide services and support for students’ home study (Minis- try of Education of the People’s Republic of China, 2020). Keywords: autonomous; learning; school; students; teaching
• Online Home Study Plan for Postponed 2020 Spring Semester during the COVID-19 Epidemic: A Case Study of Tangquan Middle School in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China by Dai, Daxiang; Lin, Gaofeng (2020) - Class teachers and teachers in all subjects should attach great importance to online teaching, actively guide students, organize students in this class to do online learning, and give full play to the role of leading cadres, par- ty member teachers, and backbone teachers in exemplary and exemplary roles. The problem that each school needs to consider for online teaching during the delayed start period is how to use the network for teacher and student learning and management on the basis of ensuring the health of teachers and students to ensure high quality and high efficiency of online teaching. Keywords: online; school; students; teaching
• A Review of the Largest Online Teaching in China for Elementary and Middle School Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic by Zhou, Longjun; Li, Fangmei (2020) - According to this statistic (teacher’s choice of educational products are multi- ple choices), among these seven types of online teaching platforms, social communica- tion software such as WeChat and QQ, mobile office platforms represented by Dingtalk and National elementary and middle school network platforms, became the first choice for teachers to carry out online teaching. Therefore, in addition to online teaching platforms, the development and inte- gration of online teaching resources had also attracted the attention of researchers. Keywords: china; covid-19; education; elementary; learning; middle; online; pandemic; province; research; resources; school; students; teachers; teaching
• Whether the School Self-Developed e-Learning Platform is More Conducive to Learning during the COVID-19 Pandemic? by Dai, Daxiang; Xia, Xuyue (2020) - During the COVID-19 pandemic, schools in China adopted e-learning platforms to conduct online teaching, whereas the efficacy of these online teaching platforms was not definitely known. Therefore, it was difficult to see whether e-learning platforms were condu- cive to learning. Keywords: china; education; learning; platform; school; self; students; study; teaching
• Research on the Integration of STEM Education into the Rural Elementary School Science Curriculum: An Example from Rural Elementary Schools in Western China by Qiao, Xiuping; Zhou, Xinyi (2020) - Rural areas in China can combine their own char- acteristics with the existing practices of related cities in China and advanced foreign experience (Zhu & Lei, 2018) to actively promote the exploration of STEM education, carry out STEM education actions, and improve the ecology of STEM education con- struction. This research integrates STEM education into rural elementary school science courses to explore whether STEM courses are effective in improving students’ knowledge and ability, asking: Keywords: ability; china; curriculum; education; elementary; knowledge; stem; students
• Is the Standardization of Compulsory Education School Helpful to Improve Students’ Performance? An Empirical Analysis Based on Monitoring Data in Province A by Liu, Yanli; Yao, Jijun; Zhou, Shike (2020) - Taking compulsory education school standardization construction as an example, the existing studies mainly focus on the discussion of standards, necessity and feasibility, construc- tion principles, strategies, methodologies, and issues. Results Correlation analysis based on OLS First, the relationship between school standardization and student performance was ana- lyzed by OLS. Keywords: construction; education; education school; elementary; middle; performance; province; school; standardization; standardization construction; student performance; students
• Does Preschool Education Experience Help Disadvantaged Students Become Academically Resilient? Empirical Evidence from CEPS Data by Lei, Wanpeng (2023) - Research findings show that disadvantaged children have less access to preschool education than their advantaged peers, with a kindergarten attendance rate lower than 70%; that preschool education can significantly improve children’s cognitive ability and effectively predict academic resilience of disadvantaged students; and that preschool education is a better predictor of resilience of rural disadvantaged students than that of their urban counterparts. Research Methods  Coarsened Exact Matching (CEM) CEM established by Iacus, King, and Porro (2012) was determined as an effec- tive approach to define the net impact of preschool education experience on cognitive ability of disadvantaged students. Keywords: china; education; experience; preschool; students
• The US Educational Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic by Storey, Nathan; Slavin, Robert E. (2020) - This paper will examine the US response to the coronavirus outbreak, focusing on the different approaches taken by different states and school districts, the challenges encountered in closing schools and shifting to remote (online) or distance learning, and prospects for reopening school systems in the Fall 2020. While the school schedule and standardized assessments are determined by states and school districts, receipt of federal funds is tied to completion of these requirements under the basic US education law, the Every Stu- dent Succeeds Act (ESSA). Keywords: access; covid-19; districts; education; june; learning; online; pandemic; remote; reopening; response; school; slavin; states; students; teachers; technology; vol.5; week
• Transforming Pedagogies in Australian Schools amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Activity Theoretic Reflection by Ng, Clarence; Renshaw, Peter (2020) - This involved redesign- ing lesson plans and resources, careful structuring of learning activities, and developing new assessment tasks for online and self-guided or parent-guided learning. In what ways localized knowledge can be connected with school curriculum; and (ii) How to utilize FoK to promote a dialogue in order that school learning and family prac- tices are related in sensible and meaningful ways. Keywords: activity; covid-19; curriculum; home; knowledge; learning; pandemic; parents; pedagogy; school; students; teachers
• “School Never Stops”: Measures and Experience in Italian Schools during the COVID-19 Lockdown by Pellegrini, Marta; Maltinti, Carla (2020) - On the one hand, this situation fostered a closer relationship between teachers and parents and a further integration between school education and family education, as happened also in China (Zhou & Li, 2020). “School never stops”: Measures and experience in Italian schools during the COVID-19 lockdown. Keywords: children; covid-19; digital; distance; education; italy; learning; lockdown; measures; ministry; schools; students; teachers
• Educational Responses to the COVID-19 Outbreak in South Korea by Byun, Sooyeon; Slavin, Robert E. (2020) - According to Oh (April 23, 2020), in a survey of high school students, almost 70% of 12th graders and more than 55% of 10th and 11th graders reported that they felt negatively about online learning classes. [Mr. Choi’s teaching diary: Problems in COVID-19 school reopening]. Keywords: centers; children; classes; covid-19; ece; education; korea; learning; online; responses; school; schooling; south; south korea; students; teachers
• The Mediating Role of Anti-Bullying Administrative Measures in the Relationship between School Bullying and Students’ Core Competencies by Chen, I-Hua; Xie, Ni; Meng, Zhi-Yuan (2020) - The school’s overall family socioeconomic status was neces- sarily included based on the results of a multi-level study of high school students from various countries, which revealed that large gaps in the levels of economic purchasing power among families in a school district were associated with more frequent occur- rences of school bullying (Due et al., 2009). This study adopted a multi-level mediation model to empirically analyze data from middle school students and school ad- ministration in four Chinese provinces based on the 2015 Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). Keywords: belonging; bullying; competencies; core; core competencies; level; model; pisa; school; school bullying; sense; students; variables

• Effects of Home-school Partnerships on the Academic Performance of Urban and Rural Junior Secondary School Students by Hu, Yongmei (2023) - The research findings indicate that: (i) parents of urban middle school students experience higher levels of family-school communication and vol- untary involvement in school activities than their rural counterparts; (ii) family-school communication poses substantially positive effects on school results of urban junior secondary school students, but has no impact on those of rural middle school students; (iii) there is an inverted U shape relation be- tween the frequency of parental participation in school activities and student academic results, with the optimal frequency being higher for urban parents than for their rural counterparts; (iv) the family-school communication is a significant factor in the academic achievement disparity between urban and rural middle school students, whereas it has not been remarkably affected by parental voluntary participation in school activities. Based on the research results, the study recommends that the amount of parental participation in school activities be reasonably controlled with fo- cus on its quality rather than formality. Keywords: school
• Why Principal Positive Leadership Is Important: It’s Mediating Effect on the Relation between the School Context and Student Academic Achievement by Zhang, Xinping (2024) - China Abstract: “Deficit remediation” as an educational governance paradigm has given rise to many problems, whereas principal positive leadership under the “strengths development” paradigm has the potential to give new impetus to school development. BECE, Vol.16, No. 2, 2024 1833 HE study analyzes the significance of principal positive leadership for school effectiveness in the context of Chinese education and systematically examines the relationships between the school context, principal positive leadership, and student academic achievement. Keywords: leadership; school; student
• Factors Influencing Peer Victimization from the Perspective of Home-School Partnership: A Moderated Mediation Model by Hou, Jinqin (2024) - Good home rela- tionships are beneficial for children developing optimistic views of themselves and oth- ers and positive attitudes towards the environment, which are transferred to other inter- personal relationships, contributing to the establishment of healthy peer relationships among adolescents and reducing the risk of peer victimization. The Likert five-point scale (from 1= “strongly disa- gree” to 5= “strongly agree”) has been widely adopted in China and was revised for its application in junior secondary school students (Zhang et al., 2011). Keywords: peer; relationship; school; victimization
• The New Education Initiative: A Transformative Program for Chinese Basic Education by Zhou, Longjun (2025) - In 1912, My Views on New Education by Yuanpei Cai was published by The Education Magazine, marking the initiation of the introduction of the new education theory in China. In February 1919, the magazine New Education was launched in Shanghai, further promoting the new education theory in this country. Keywords: china; development; education; education initiative; initiative; nei; reform; research; school; teachers; usa; zhu
• The Reduction in Off-Campus Subject-Based Training Providers and Student School Hours: An Evaluation Study of the Double Reduction Policy by Wei, Yi (2025) - This study is an investigation of the effect of the policy on the reduction in off-campus subject-based training providers and impact of the supplemen- tary tutoring service cuts on student school hours, using the data of a large- scale sample from an internet-based survey. As a re- sult, children in China must not only study the demanding in-school curricu- lum but also suffer the burden of out-of-school training, which severely drains their time and energy. Keywords: school; training
• Analysis on Effects and Potential Influencing Factors of Massive Online Education Practice during the COVID-19: A Case of Xiaogan City, Hubei Province by Wang, Jixin (2020) - Potential influencing factors includes online education concept, online education guarantee and supply, teacher-student literacy and ability, and family-school co-education. Wang, J.X. Email: wjxin@mail.ccnu.edu.cn N this study, Xiaogan City, Hubei Province was used as the research area to explore the effects and potential influencing factors of large-scale online education practice of “School is Out, but Class is On” during the COVID-19 pandemic, trying to form a regular understanding and discovery, and hoping to promote the follow-up work and the providing a reference for the future development of online education. Keywords: education; school
• School Governance Structure and Its Impact on Student Performance: A Comparative Study between Four Provinces of China and the PISA2015 High-Scored Countries/Economies by Zhao, Decheng; Wang, Luhuan (2020) - The multilevel analysis found that the impact of school governance structure on student performance presented different patterns between BSJG and high-scored coun- tries/economies. School governance structure and its im- pact on student performance: A comparative study between four provinces of China and the PISA2015 high-scored countries/economies. Keywords: autonomy; bsjg; countries; economies; governance; governance structure; management; power; school; school governance; structure; student
• Will the Nine-year Admission System Lead to the Increase of School District Housing Price? by Zhao, Bo (2021) - The policy plays a significant role in raising housing prices in school districts. The impact of the policy on school district housing prices is not immediate. Keywords: housing; school
• Family Background, Parent Involvement, and Shadow Education Participation of Middle School Students: Empirical Analysis from CEPS2015 Data by Gao, Xiang; Xue, Haiping (2021) - Parent involvement has a significant positive impact on middle school student shadow education participation; that is, the higher the degree of parent involvement, the greater the chance of students getting shadow education. Using the 2015 data of the China Education Panel Survey (CEPS), the relationship between family socioeconomic background, parent involvement, and shadow education participation was explored through structural equations. Keywords: background; education; family; involvement; parent; participation; school; shadow; shadow education
• The Influence of School Climate on Job Satisfaction of Rural School Teachers by Yuan, Li (2021) - Email: yuanlibnu@163.com RECENTLY published study in Teacher Education Research explored the mediating effects of teacher leadership and self-efficacy on school climate perception and job satisfaction, hence the researchers adopted soft- ware include the SPSS24.0 and Amos21.0 for data management and analysis, setting up the sampling investigation and mediation model, and putting for- ward pertinence suggestions according to the results of the study. The school climate perceived by rural teachers has a significant predictive effect on their job satisfaction, in other words, a good school climate of cooperation and trust is helpful to improve teachers’ job satisfaction.  Keywords: school
• Can After-school Service in Primary and Secondary Schools Promote Educational Equity? by Zhang, Weiping (2022) - This may be related to family economic conditions and school conditions, for middle and low P mailto:441329552@qq.com BECE, Vol.10, No.1, 2022 1345 income families can hardly afford after-school service in art and science, and it is difficult for rural schools to conduct art and sci- ence courses due to limited human and equipment resources.  Newsletter BECE, Vol.10, No.1, 2022 1344 Can After-school Service in Primary and Secondary Schools Promote Educational Equity? Keywords: school; service
• Can Information Technology Promote Academic Performance of School-aged Children? An Empirical Study Based on CEPS by Fang, Chao; Huang, Bin (2019) - The urban stu- dents were superior to those from the rural areas, whereas no positive correlation was found between the educational level and family econom- ic condition; ii) Family human capital stock and family size (single child families) were positively correlated with internet usage, but the academ- ic pressure reduced the probability of family Internet usage; iii) PSM revealed the negative impact of information technology on students’ achievements when stratified into urban versus rural, and poverty versus non-poverty. In terms of the whole sample, the human capital in the family characteristic variables was positively correlated with internet use. Keywords: achievements; children; effect; family; information; information technology; internet; performance; school; technology; use
• What is the Most Important Source for Teachers’ Knowledge Development? A Meta-Analysis of 27 Empirical Studies on the Sources of Teachers’ Knowledge by Zhao, Dongchen; Fan, Lianghuo (2022) - “In general, there exist mainly three major issues in the field of teacher knowledge research: (i) Classroom observations were used to identify what knowledge teachers actually used in classroom teaching so as to con- firm what knowledge teachers had and provide clues of questions for interviews. Keywords: analysis; development; education; experience; knowledge; knowledge development; research; school; service; sources; studies; teachers
• The Impact of School Resource Investment on Student Performance: A Meta-analysis Based on Chinese Literature by Tian, Yahui; Yao, Jijun (2020) - Impact of School Resource on Student Performance Vol.4, No. 1, 2020 390 Question HE findings of the Coleman Report show that school resource investment does not have a significant impact on student performance (Coleman, et al., 1966). Hanushek’s series of studies have not found direct evidence that school resource investment significantly affects student achievement, and therefore believes that education policy cannot be simply thought of when it comes to school resource investment (Hanushek, 1989; Hanushek, 1995; Hanushek, 1997). Keywords: analysis; data; education; effect; human; impact; investment; material; research; resource investment; resources; results; school; school resource; student performance; teacher
• The Effect of School Organizational Support on Job Satisfaction of Primary and Secondary School Teachers: The Mediating Role of Teachers’ Engagement in Educational Research by Wang, Weihao; Zhou, Shike (2022) - The study adopts the structural equation model in order to provide a theo- retical framework and empirical basis for the application of organizational support theo- ry to the discussion of teacher educational research and job satisfaction, as well as to provide insights for the promotion of teacher educational research and the enhancement of teacher professional satisfaction. We advance in this study by confirming that there is a me- diating effect of teacher educational research on the relationship between school organi- Wang & Zhou. Keywords: education; engagement; job; job satisfaction; level; research; satisfaction; school; school teachers; support; teacher job; teachers
• Family Capital and the Quality of Senior Secondary Education Opportunities: An Analysis Based on the Post-Junior Secondary Education Tracking in County B of Jiangsu Province by Zhu, Xinzhuo (2023) - Third, in models three, four, and five, the coefficients of variables related to cultural capital remain significant, and the coefficient of paternal education level and the size of home book collection remain stable, indicating that institutionalized cultural capital and objectified cultural capital have a consistent and independent positive im- pact on the quality of child high school education opportunities. Compared with economic and social capital, cultural capital has a relatively more stable and independent influence on the quality of senior high school education opportunities and is less suscep- tible to other aspects of family capital. Keywords: capital; education; opportunities; quality; school
• After-School Service in Chinese Primary Schools in the Context of the Implementation of the Double Reduction Policy: The Current State, Problems, and Countermeasures by Chu, Lin (2023) - This study conducted an in-depth investigation into the implementa- tion of after-school service in primary schools of H City in the wake of the release of the Double Reduction Policy. At the I mailto:editorial-office@bonoi.org mailto:editorial-office@bonoi.org Vol.13, No.2, 2023 1722 same time, problems with current after-school service for pupils should also be noted: (1) considerable gaps in the understanding of after-school service between teachers and parents; (2) disparities in the quality of after-school service among different schools and low participation of pupils; (3) the lack of sustainable support; (4) an appropriate evaluation mechanism to be devel- oped to clarify the division of responsibility. Keywords: school; service

• Effects of Online Learning on Student Moral Development: A Meta-analysis Based on 42 Experimental and Quasi-experimental Studies by Wang, Hao; Tang, Aimin (2023) - Meta-analytical Results Online learning could moderately and positively impact student moral understanding and positively but slightly affect student moral reasoning, whereas it had no significant effects on student moral emotions or moral behavior. In terms of the effects of online learning on student moral de- velopment, 16 studies reported outcomes of student moral understanding, 9 studies re- ported outcomes of student moral reasoning, 15 studies reported outcomes of student moral emotions, and 11 studies reported those of student moral behavior. Keywords: development; learning; online; student
• How Teacher Support Affects Migrant Children’s Learning Satisfaction by Liu, Zaihua (2024) - Based on data from a questionnaire survey of 1251 migrant children in grades three throughout six, this study analyzed how teacher support impacted the learning satisfaction of migrant children. Thereby, structural equation modeling was adopted to define the structural relationships between teacher support and migrant children’s learning satis- faction. Keywords: children; learning; support; teacher
• Promoting Student Interdisciplinary Learning: Mechanisms, the Learning Environment Design Model, and Empirical Research by Wan, Kun (2024) - In interdisciplinary learning, flow experience had positive effects on stu- dents’ higher-order thinking skills development; the extraneous cognitive load negatively affected student flow experience; the germane cognitive load had a positively impact on student flow experience. In interdisciplinary learning, students must go through structured activi- ties to develop higher-order thinking skills and realize deep learning. Keywords: learning
• The Effects of Metacognitive Teaching on Student Academic Performance: A Meta-analysis of Relevant Experimental and Quasi-experimental Studies over the Past 20 Years by Shi, Lan (2024) - The moderating effects of teaching strategies, learning phases, and subjects on the relation between the metacognitive teaching and student academic performance are significant, whereas those of student learning ability and teaching durations are not. This study ex- plores the impact of metacognitive teaching on student academic perfor- mance and related moderating variables using the meta-analytic technique. Keywords: learning; teaching
• Teacher Autonomy Support and Intellectual Risk Taking in Science Learning among Pupils: The Mediating Effects of Science Learning Interest and Creative Self-Efficacy by Feng, Shiji (2024) - Research findings indicate that the more teacher autonomy support students perceives, the more daring they are in scientific inquiry; and that teacher autonomy support can enhance students’ level of intellectual risk tak- ing by piquing their interest in science learning and boosting their creative self-efficacy. This article in- vestigates the linkage between teacher autonomy support and student intel- lectual risk taking in science learning and examines the mediating effects of interest in science learning and creative self-efficacy. Keywords: learning
• Does Enhanced Immersion Improve Learning Outcomes: The Impact of Immersive Experience on Learning Outcomes and Its Mechanism by Jing, Huang (2024) - • Emotional valence, the sense of presence, and learning motivation me- diated the relation between immersive VR experiences and student learning outcomes. Research findings show that: • Immersive VR was more effective in eliciting positive, high-arousal emotions and enhancing presence and learning motivation, whereas there was no significant difference in the effects on cognitive load and instant and long-term knowledge retention between immersive VR and desk-top VR videos. Keywords: learning
• Can Human-Machine Collaborative Learning Based on Generative Artificial Intelligence Improve Student Learning Outcomes? A Meta-Analysis of 20 Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Studies by Ta, Weigang (2025) - The advent of generative AI (Gen AI) gave new impetus to this modality. Also, Gen AI has the potential to assist learners in enacting brainstorming-based, human-machine collaborative knowledge genera- tion by providing simulated scenarios. Keywords: learning
• Does Book-borrowing or Early-rising Benefit for College Students' Academic Performance? by Hu, Hang (2021) - As for book-borrowing, it reveals disparities in college students’ metacognitive thinking activities monitor and self-reflection; while reading speed shows greatest impact on learning perfor- mance, and the amount of book-borrowing and in-depth reading are conducive to knowledge and skill acquisition. Email: ethuhang@swu.edu.cn EHAVIORS like book-borrowing and early-rising relatively reflect the process of thinking development of college students’ self-efficacy con- sciousness and self-cognition adjustment. Keywords: learning
• How to Design Graphical Scaffolds to Support STEM Teaching Effectively? by Cai, Huiying (2021) - However, graphical scaffolds in STEM courses have no significant positive effect on learners’ metacognitive ability and self-efficacy.  Visualize information, knowledge structure, dynamic knowledge, thoughts, learning process, and graphical scaffolds have different positive effects on improving students’ results in STEM courses. Keywords: learning
• How Family Environment Influences Pupils’ Learning Performance? by Yang, Fan (2021) - The results of the paired-sample analysis show that: The indirect effect of family environment on pupils’ learning perfor- mance through mediating variables such as the students’ learning engage- ment and school environment was significant. School environment had a sig- nificantly positive effect on pupils’ learning engagement and learning per- formance, and home-school interaction could also significantly improve stu- dents’ learning performance. Keywords: learning
• Is Media Multitask Bound to Negatively Affect Online Learning? by Chen, Jingjun (2021) - The study adopted the incoordinate control group, setting one of the groups with insufficient media multitasking experience as the control group (LMM=14), and considering the other three groups with rich experience as the treatment group (HMM1=14, HMM2=14, HMM3=12). Email: jingjunchenpsy@163.com EDIA multitasking is generally considered to be one of the main nega- tive factors affecting online learning, and this negative impact could be relatively complicated. Keywords: learning
• How Does Parental Involvement Affect Children's Academic Development from A Core Literacy Perspective? by Liang, Wenyan; Sun, Ran; Ye, Xiaomei (2019) - Linking Socioeconomic sta- tus to the academic achievement of Mexican American youth through parent involvement in education. To this end, we attempt to verify hypotheses 1-3 for each type of children group. Keywords: academic; children; development; dmc; education; involvement; learning; luc; parents; rumc; test
• The Effect of Blended Instruction on Student Performance: A Meta-Analysis of 106 Empirical Studies from China and Abroad by Li, Baomin; Yu, Qing; Yang, Fenglei (2022) - Given this, the present study adopts evidence-based meta-analysis to examine the effect of blended instruction on student learning and its major moderating factors, such as the ratio of online teaching to face-to-face instruction and the sequence of the two components in blended instruction. The between-group effect value p = 0.000 < 0.05 indicates that blended instruction with dis- tinct proportions of online teaching has remarkably different effects on student perfor- mance. Keywords: effect; face; instruction; learning; student; teaching
• An Empirical Study on the Data Analytics-based Self-Regulated Learning Scaffolding Model for Primary Students by Huang, Tao (2022) - Scaffolded self-regulated study can upgrade student learning strategies because the dashboard of the scaffolding can visualize learning analytics results and present them to students in time. In self- regulated after-class learning, the proper use of learning analytics system to obtain feedback on learning results and impose timely intervention in the learning process can significantly improve student learning efficiency and boost student cognitive develop- ment. Keywords: learning; scaffolding; self; student
• Can Online Learning Promote Educational Equity? An Empirical Study on the “Digital Divide” in Online Learning of Primary and Secondary Students During the Epidemic by Liu, Yujun (2022) - The differences in access to network and the use of physical de- vices as well as online learning implementation have significant influences on online learning outcomes. As a result, “digital divide” induced by online learning has aroused wide concerns of the public. Keywords: learning; online
• Parental Involvement and Learning Power of Secondary School Students by Fu, Gan (2023) - Given research results, it is recommended that parents should raise their awareness of responsibility assumption in child education and increase their partnership with the school; that schools should optimize their agency in education and encourage parents’ engagement in school activities; and that non-profit organizations should be given full play in promoting the develop- ment of learning power of rural secondary students. Parental involvement is a key factor that influences child academic success, and partnerships between families, schools, and communities play a significant role in boosting student learning power. Keywords: learning
• The Impact of Achievement Goal Orientations on Learning Satisfaction of Secondary School Students: The Chain Mediating Effect of Academic Self-efficacy and Learning Engagement by Liu, Zaihua (2023) - The research findings show that: (i) The performance-approach goal positively affect student learning satisfaction not only via the summative ef- fect of learning engagement, but also via the chain mediation of academic self-efficacy and learning engagement; (ii) The mastery-approach goal can positively influence student learning satisfaction in a direct way, or through the mediation of learning engagement as well as through the chain mediation of academic self-efficacy and learning engagement; (iii) The mastery- avoid- ance goal can negatively impact student learning satisfaction not only via the mediation of learning engagement, but also through the chain mediation of academic self-efficacy and learning engagement. Achievement goal orientations refer to students’ general tendencies for approaching, engaging in, and evaluating their academic progress and performance in achievement contexts. Keywords: learning

• The Role of Education in Urbanization: An Empirical Study Based on China’s Provincial-Level Panel Data from 2005 to 2020 by Wan, Boshen; Min, Weifang (2023) - The quality of education is more fundamental to the rise of urbanization level than the stock of human capital; (ii) Economic growth and technological advancement can significantly advance the progression of urbanization; (iii) The development level of the region can moderate the promotional effect of education on urbanization.. Research findings include that: (i) Investment in education has substantial promotional effects on the urbanization level; (ii) Economic growth and technological advancement significantly advances the progression of urbanization; (iii) The development level of the region can moderate the impact of education on urbanization. Keywords: china; education; level; urbanization
• The Relationship between Internet-based Entertainment and Self-expectations in Education in Adolescents: The Moderating Effect of Parenting Styles by He, Xiaobin (2025) - Its research findings reveal that internet use for entertainment purposes, such as online gaming and short-video viewing, can markedly undermine educational aspirations in adolescents; and that parenting styles have no significant influence on the negative effect of frequent short-video viewing on educational aspirations in this group, whereas tolerant parenting can suppress the negative effect of frequent online gaming, as opposed to neglectful parenting. The relationship between internet-based entertainment and self-expectations in education in adolescents: The moderating effect of parenting styles. Keywords: china; education; parenting
• The Status Quo, Sources and Influencing Factors of Professional Pressure Faced by Preschool Teachers in Rural China: An Empirical Study Based on Multiple Counties in Hubei Province by Gong, Xin; Niu, Caixing; Wang, Jing (2020) - Teacher professional pressure was negatively correlated with the salary satisfac- tion (Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient is -0.2416), and it is significant at the level of p=0.01. The number of years in school had a positive effect on teacher pressure. Keywords: children; china; education; factors; job; level; preschool; preschool teachers; pressure; research; stress; support; teachers; work; work pressure
• We Look Forward to the Future in the Difficult Days by Yao, Jijun (2021) - Through our efforts, we hope that we can portray the current empirical re- search on education in China and promote academic exchanges and devel- opment for colleagues worldwide who are concerned about empirical re- search on Chinese education. These papers and newsletters cover a wide range of topics from pre-school education to higher education, involving dozens of authoritative Chinese education research journals. Keywords: china; education
• An Empirical Study on the Impact of Individual Local Political Elites and Decision-Making Collective on Educational Fiscal Expenditure in China by Cai, Ru; Zhang, Xinping (2021) - Dependent variables China’s assessment of the financial responsibility of local government education is mainly based on two indicators: the proportion of education fiscal expenditure relative to GDP should be greater than 4% and the proportion relative to the fiscal expenditure should be greater than 15% (Government Central Committee, 1993; National Education Commission, 1993). Such institutional design has allowed localities to allocate more energy and resources to areas conducive to economic growth in the process of “competing for growth” which has mobilized lo- cal governments to develop the economy through initiatives that promote high-speed growth of the local economy, but has also brought problems for local education, health care, environmental protection, and investment resources, etc. Keywords: characteristics; china; collective; committee; education; education expenditure; elites; expenditure; financial; impact; individual; level; party; party committee; secretary; standing; standing committee
• Blossoming Branches Symbol the Real Spring: Chinese Sample of School Management by Cheung, Alan C. K. (2021) - Two original papers in this issue of the journal focus on school man- agement, one discusses the issue of physical education teachers serving as head teachers (Bai et al., 2021), and the other discusses the impact of local political elites and decision-making collectives on China’s educational ex- penditures (Cai & Zhang, 2021). This means that, at least in the process of local education governance in China, various localities are indeed making decisions by the principle of “democratic centralism.” Keywords: china; chinese; education
• Professor Slavin and the Development of Evidence-Based Education in China by Yao, Jijun (2021) - Vol.8, No. 1, 2021 1022 The Status Quo of the Development of Evidence-Based Education in China OR a long time, education research in China has focused on qualitative research, especially speculative research. In this context, the empirical research in Chinese education research in recent years has shown a greater degree of improvement in both quantity and quality. Keywords: china; education; evidence; professor; research; slavin
• The Impact of Higher Education and Human Capital Quality on “Local-Neighborhood” Economic Growth by Zhao, Ran; Du, Yuhong (2021) - 0.1607** (0.0591) 0.1853*** (0.0553) -0.1323 (0.0850) Technology Catch-up -0.0674*** (0.0075) 0.1659*** (0.0292) 0.0471** (0.0201) 0.0575 (0.0369) 0.0161 (0.0255) 0.1584** (0.0575) Sample Size 252 112 168 R2 0.883 0.362 0.658 *This table only reports the spatial direct and indirect effects of using W3 matrix and education human capital to estimate core explanatory variables. Considering that China’s education, human capital level, and economic growth all present significant imbalanced characteristics, the mixed effects and time fixed effects ignore regional structural economic differences. Keywords: capital; capital quality; china; economic; education; effect; growth; human; labor; level; neighborhood; quality; spatial
• Family Income and Its Relation to Preschool Education in China: Empirical Research Based on CFPS Survey Data by Wang, Pengcheng; Gong, Xin (2019) - In order to further estimate the influence of different family income starting points on the enrollment opportunity, we selected 25%, 50%, and 75% as the starting points of four different levels of family income. Compared with those living in urban areas, rural children are more significantly influ- enced by family income in respect of the preschool education chance. Keywords: children; china; education; families; family; family income; household; household income; income; kindergarten; preschool
• The Role of China’s Teaching Research System in Promoting Evidence-based Reform in Education: A Case Study of Jiangsu Province by Zhou, Shike (2021) - Therefore, while enhancing the education quality of Jiangsu to a new level, the model of evidence-based reform in education led by teaching research system helps integrate multi party strength in research and practice, enabling quick and effective re- sponses to difficult and hot issues in the process of education reform and development. It is thought to have originated in the late Qing Dynasty when the then-education depart- ment began the trial to build teaching research institutions and implement teaching re- search policies to meet the demands for school system reform. Keywords: china; education; evidence; jiangsu; quality; reform; research; survey; system; teaching
• Who Teaches in Rural Schools in Underdeveloped Areas? An Investigation Based on a Survey of 5,554 Teachers from 117 Towns in H Province in Wuling Mountains Zone, China by Zhang, Tianjiao; Wang, Weiping; Yi, Li (2022) - We conducted a survey of 5,554 teachers from 117 towns in H province in the Wuling Mountains Zone to investigate the issue of rural school teacher supply. The study results from 117 towns in H Province suggest that educational poli- cies may have a significant impact on the hometown effects of rural China teachers. Keywords: china; county; education; effects; hometown; model; normal; position; program; schools; supply; teachers; teaching; variable; village
• How to Retain Rural Preschool Teachers? by Luo, Yuhua; Yuan, Suojun; Zhou, Longjun (2022) - Due to the exclusion of preschool education from China’s compulsory education and a lack of professional identity among rural preschool teachers (Yu & Liang, 2008), the turnover rate of rural kindergarten teachers has been worse than that of rural primary and secondary educators. This study recommended that a series of reforms should be carried out to restrict the workload of rural preschool teachers to a reasonable level, increase their salaries and compensation, create a teacher-friendly en- vironment, and allocate adequate Bianzhi memberships to rural kindergartens with the aim of lowering the turnover rate and promoting the supply of rural preschool teachers (Wang et al., 2022). Keywords: china; education; jiangsu; teachers
• Seeking Understanding and Cooperation in a World of Disputes: New Year Greetings from BECE by Yao, Jijun (2023) - In light of this, we hold that introducing Chin’s educational achievements to global peers and igniting de- bate and in-depth research in areas of common concern are effective means to enrich global educational research experience and foster deeper under- standing and better cooperation. BECE, Vol.13, No.1, 2023 1663 Seeking Understanding and Cooperation in a World of Disputes: New Year Greet- ings from BECE Jijun Yao School of Educational Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210024, Jiangsu, China “If you are depressed, you are living in the past; if you are anxious, you are living in the future; if you are at peace, you are living in the present.” Keywords: china; year
• Can Non-Subject-Based Off-Campus Training Improve Student Mental Health in the Context of the Implementation of the Double Reduction Policy? A Study Based on a Survey in 30 Counties in Six Eastern, Central, and Western Provinces of China by Fu, Weidong; Li, Wei (2023) -  Participating in non-subject-based off-campus training could significantly relieve the depression of primary school students but had no significant effect on their state anxiety and positive affect. This article aims to analyze the effects of non-subject-based off-campus training on student mental health based on an investigation among primary and secondary school students from 30 counties (cities, districts) in six eastern, central, and western provinces of China. Keywords: campus; china; health; training
• Who Chooses Teaching as a Career? Empirical Evidence from a Survey of College Graduates Employment by Xing, Chunbing (2023) - The research findings showed that students who majored in education- related subjects, had higher levels of education, graduated from schools of higher rankings and obtained relevant professional credentials were more likely to choose teaching as their career; that the majority of teacher candi- dates came from lower-level cities in the central and western China; that the educational background and birth place could more effectively predict fe- male students becoming teacher candidates than their male counterparts while the school type had a greater impact on the male students’ decision on T mailto:xingchb@ruc.edu.cn Vol.13, No.2, 2023 1716 their career as a teacher than on that of female students; that graduates who chose to be teachers received lower starting salaries than those took up other professions and had a higher employment rate in central and western China; and that female teacher candidates’ career choice is determined by their per- sonal preferences, consideration of job security, and willingness of serving the public and communities. Consequently, teachers with a university degree or above pre- dominate the teaching staff; the proportion of female teachers with college degrees is also rising. Keywords: china; teacher

• Factors Influencing Teacher Satisfaction with Human-Machine Collaborative Teaching: A Study Based on Structural Equations and Fuzzy-Sets Qualitative Comparative Analysis by Fang, Xu (2024) - • Enhance the mutual support between teachers and machines to realize technology-enabled, individualized instruction and boost the professional level of teachers. Innovate the human-machine collaborative teaching modality by integrating machine intelligence into classroom teaching to in- H mailto:blueskyxfang@126.com Vol.17, No.1, 2024, BECE 1854 crease teacher-student, inter-student, and human-machine inter- action. Keywords: machine; teaching
• The Situation of “School’s Out, But Class’s On” under the Epidemic by Wang, Jixin (2021) - In terms of teachers’ acceptability: teachers have a strong willingness to use online teaching. There are some problems in online teaching: the network environment and hardware equipment still need to be improved; teachers lack the ability to design online teaching; teachers’ information literacy is uneven, and they cannot accurately analyze the learning situation. Keywords: teachers; teaching
• Teachers’ Roles in Evidence-based Educational Reform in China by Cheung, Alan C.K. (2021) - As a new pattern of educational reform, it aims to optimize educational decision- making and practice and promote the improvement of education quality, us- ing scientific research evidence. Zhu and Zhu (2020) suggest that teachers’ accumulation of practical knowledge and keen insights, the prerequisites of educational reform, provide theoretical support for the development of evi- dence-based research. Keywords: evidence; reform; teaching
• Differences in Instruction Efficacy Between On-Campus and Online Teaching by Cheng, Baodong (2022) - Based on the research findings, the study suggests that at the under- graduate education level, online teaching should be applied cautiously rather than replacing on-campus teaching completely; Try not to select students in remote areas as subjects for online teaching experiment as they may have dif- ficulty in adapting themselves to comprehensively electronized teaching; In online teaching, teacher-student interaction should be attached more im- portance to form a decentralized two-way communication pattern and the relatively equal teacher-student relationship typical in network teaching be fully utilized to promote students' exploration ability in their pro-active pur- suit of knowledge. It conducts an empirical analysis of differences in instruction effica- cy between on-campus and online teaching from the perspectives of class in- teraction, teaching atmosphere and student characteristics, and examines the influencing mechanism of online teaching efficacy. Keywords: efficacy; teaching
• Can Increasing Teaching Rewards Improve Teaching Quality? An Empirical Study of 63 Universities Across the Country by Li, Nan (2022) - When teaching is rewarded more than scientific research, teachers will invest more time and energy in teaching, and the number of teaching awards will increase, which will raise the student evalua- tion scores. Ordinary least squares are used to estimate the effect of teaching incentives on academic evaluation of teaching performance. Keywords: teaching
• Can Educational Robots Improve Student Creativity: A Meta-analysis based on 48 Experimental and Quasi-experimental Studies by Hou, Haoxiang; Zhang, Xianyi ; Wang, Dan (2022) - Conclusions and Discussion Popularizing the Robotics Education Curriculum The positive effect of robotics curriculum on student creativity reflects the substantial benefits of intelligent education for student creativity development. Catering to the trend of educational reform in the intelligent era, the use of robotics in developing student creativity proves to be of greater practical value. Keywords: creativity; education; robotics; student; teaching

• Senior Secondary Education of Migrant Children in China and Impacts of High School Entrance Examination Policies by Sun, Zhijun (2025) - The local government needs to increase funding for education to reduce the cost of high school education for migrant children and decrease the incidence of migrant children abandoning senior secondary education due to economic distress. • High school entrance examination policies of greater levels of openness had more significant positive impacts on the high school enrolment rate in migrant children. Keywords: children
• The Relationship between Loneliness, Self-Efficacy, and Satisfaction with Life in Left-Behind Middle School Students in China: Taking Binhai County of Jiangsu Province as an Example by Jiang, Lei; Liao, Mingyue; Ying, Ronghua (2020) - In all Left-behind children, 502 were boys (51.4%) and 475 were girls (48.6%); 559 (57.2%) were live-in-school, 418 (42.8%) were non-school- livings; 236 (24.2%) were only children, 741 were non-only children (75.8%). The loneliness of non-only children among Left-behind middle school students was higher than that of only children, but it was not statistically significant. Keywords: children; chinese; doi; efficacy; health; left; life; life satisfaction; loneliness; middle; non; satisfaction; school students; self
• The Influence of Parent-Child Separation on the Development of Children: Evidence from the Survey of Migrant Children in Beijing by Bo, L. (2020) - The research focuses on the following issues: First, will the separa- tion of parent and child have an impact on children’s academic per- formance, non-cognitive abilities, and physical health? Third, whether this difference will be heterogeneous based on the gender of children. Keywords: children; separation
• Effects of Parental Academic Involvement and Academic Pressure on Early Adolescents’ Academic Engagement by Yang, Miao (2021) - A study published in Psychological Development and Educa- tion, with 2,487 first-year junior students as research objects, respectively analyzed the effects of parental academic involvement and academic pres- sure on early academic engagement of adolescents, which provides certain assistance for improving the academic engagement level of adolescents from the perspective of family. As for students with poor grades, parents’ help and support should concentrate on personally practice on children’s education process, in this way can they help their children cultivate suitable achievement goal orientation, enhancing intrinsic motivation, and promoting academic engagement. Keywords: children
• A Stratified Study of the Sports Participation of Migrant Students by Liu, Mina (2021) - The stratification tendency of urban migrant children only relates to schools, while rural mi- grant children’s tendency diversified in schools, families, and communities, which indicates that both the stratification and ine- O mailto:liumina@njust.edu.cn Vol.8, No.2, 2021 1153 quality degree rural migrant children are higher than the urban migrant children. Email: liumina@njust.edu.cn N the basis of the China Education Panel Survey (CEPS), a study pub- lished in China Sport Science analyzed the sports participation situation of migrant children in urban and rural areas. Keywords: children
• Who Are Being Bullied? – An Empirical Study on the Influence Factors of School Bullying among Chinese Middle School Students by Hu, Yongmei; Li, Jiazhe (2019) - Therefore, the causes and influencing factors have become hotspots in school bullying research, and it has strong practical significance in preventing and controlling school bullying. Regression is used to estimate the effects of academic achievement, self-esteem, inter- personal relationship and pro-social behavior on the different types of school bullying. Keywords: children; chinese; education; factors; influence; parent; peer; relationship; scale; school bullying; school students; self; types
• An Investigation into the Impact of Mindfulness Education on Children Development-Based on the Mindfulness Experiment on 5th Graders of D primary School in W City by Xie, Jing; Tu, Yanguo (2019) - The results can be used to demonstrate that mindfulness education has a significant impact on children’s attention development, emotional balance and develop- ment, psychological development and happiness enhancement. Therefore, activities of mindfulness education are necessary and should be carried out moderately at school, thus giving full play to the positive role of mindfulness education in child develop- ment. Keywords: attention; children; control; development; education; group; mindfulness; mindfulness education; test
• Integrating Games into Picture Books to Facilitate the Development of Social Emotions in Preschoolers: An Empirical Study on the Positive Effects of Game-Combined Guided Reading of Picture Books on Social Emotional Development in Preschoolers by Xi, Juzhe; Zhou, Wenying; Zuo, Zhihong (2019) - Social-emotional development, as a critical component of children’s social development, is particularly important to preschool children (Pahl, 2007). The main task of social development in preschool children is to have emotional interaction and maintain positive social interaction. Keywords: books; children; development; emotions; games; group; picture; picture books; reading; self; test
• The Influence of Mothers’ Perception of Co-parenting on Preschoolers’ Behavioral Problems: A Moderated Mediation Model by Li, Yan (2022) - Parents’ marital conflicts have a significant positive predictive effect on behavioral problems of children with low psychological resili- ence (b = 0.40, SE = 0.10, p < 0.001, 95% CI The fiercer the marital conflicts, the more behavioral problems the chil- dren have; the positive predictive effect of marital conflicts is not significant on behavioral problems of children with high psycholog- ical resilience (b = 0.04, SE = 0.09, p > 0.05, 95% CI Keywords: children
• The Effects of Parent Educational Expectations on the Competence Development of Rural Left-Behind Children: An Empirical Study Based on CEPS Data by Huang, Heng (2022) -  Explanatory Variables Parent expectations of child academic achievements, education levels, future occupa- tions, and future life, the four major components of parent educational expectations, were explanatory variables in this study. Specifically, parent academic expectations impose the greatest impact on academic results of left-behind children; parent expectations of child education levels have the widest effects on various competencies of left-behind children; Parent involvement and teacher support exert a chain mediating effect on the relationship between parent educational expectations and the competence development of rural left-behind children. Keywords: children; competence; expectations; parent
• A Longitudinal Study on the Immediate and Long-term Effects of Television Exposure on Preschoolers’ Executive Function by Li, Hui (2022) - However, television exposure could not predict children’s E mailto:huilipsy@mail.ccnu.edu.cn Vol.12, No.2, 2022 1659 executive function in a long term, indicating that the longitudinal connection between television viewing time and executive function in young children is not significant. Existing research on the impact of television exposure on child development found that children’s tel- evision viewing time is somewhat correlated with their executive function. Keywords: children; function
• The Effect of Maternal Coping Strategies for Sibling Disputes on Sibling Relationships among Preschool Children in Two Child Families by Hong, Xiumin (2023) - The moth- er’s positive approaches were conducive to the formation of warm relation- S mailto:xiuminhong@163.com Vol.13, No.1, 2023 1692 ships between siblings, whilst her negative approaches were more likely to induce sibling competition and confrontation. Regarding the asso- ciation between the maternal coping strategy for sibling disputes and sibling relationship, it was found that the child-centered approach effectively pre- dicted sibling warmth; and that there were significant and positive correla- tions between maternal control and non-intervention and sibling competition and confrontation. Keywords: children

• How does Job Crafting Impact on Career Commitment of Rural Teachers? by Sun, Ran; Du, Ping (2023) - The structural equation model based on the sam- ple of rural teachers resulted in a satisfactory goodness of fit: RMSEA = 0 06, CFI = 0. 90, TLI = 0. 90, SRMR = 0. 06; Job crafting of rural primary teachers could significant- ly and positively predict their career commitment, and their self-efficacy posed a medi- ating effect on the relation between the two variables. China Abstract: The purpose of this study is to examine the current state of job crafting and career commitment of rural primary teachers and to analyze the relationship between the two variables as well as the influencing mechanisms through a questionnaire survey of 2,217 primary school teachers in Liaoning, Yunnan, Chongqing, Guangxi, and Guizhou. Keywords: commitment; crafting; job; teachers
• The Role of Teachers' Social-Emotional Beliefs and Teacher-Student Relationship in the Effects of Principals' Authentic Leadership on Students' Social-Emotional Competence by Mao, Yaqing (2020) -  Teachers’ social emotions and beliefs close relationship between teachers and students and the leadership of the headmaster integrity students play a role of independent mediation between social- emotional ability, which shows the principal authentic leadership, in addition to playing a direct role of social emotions, can influence teachers’ social emotions and close relationship between teachers and students. Newsletter Vol.6, No.1, 2020 800 The Role of Teachers’ Social-Emotional Beliefs and Teacher-Student Relationship in the Effects of Princi- pals’ Authentic Leadership on Students’ Social- Emotional Competence By Zhang, S., Mao, Y.Q. Correspondence to: Mao, Y.Q. Email: maoyaqing@bnu.edu.cn HE authentic leadership of the principal refers to the positive psycholog- ical ability and moral values of the principal in the work interaction with teachers. Keywords: teachers
• The Influence of Class Teachers’ Leadership Behavior and Personal Characteristics on Student Academic Performance: A Study of Fuzzy Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis Citing H Middle School as a Case Study by Zhao, Hongyan; Zhang, Jiacheng (2022) - After reviewing prior research on teacher leadership, this study defines class teacher leadership as the all-encompassing effect a teacher can exert on students through the integration of personal teaching experience, expertise, teaching skills, and class management competence. Due to the diversity of class management systems in other countries and in Taiwan, the majority of research on this topic focuses on teacher leadership rather than class teacher leadership. Keywords: academic; analysis; behavior; class; class teachers; leadership; leadership behavior; performance; student; teachers; value
• Factors Influencing the Turnover Intention of Rural Preschool Teachers in the Context of Rural Revitalization: An Analysis Based on a Moderated Mediation Model by Liu, Shanhuai (2022) - BECE, Vol.11, No. 2, 2022 1526 There was a positive correlation between work stress and rural preschool teachers’ turnover intention (r = 0.568, p < 0.001); work stress was positively related to rural pre- school teachers’ job apathy (r = 0.372, p < 0.001); There was a positive correlation be- tween job apathy and teacher turnover intention (r = 0.288, p < 0.001). Conclusions and Suggestions This study comes to the following conclusions: first, work stress are positively related to job apathy and turnover intention of rural preschool teachers, and job apathy has a significantly positive correlation with their turnover intention; second, job apathy plays a mediating role between work stress and teacher turnover intention; third, the direct correlation of work stress with teacher turnover intention and the mediating effect of job apathy are both moderated by teachers’ Bianzhi membership; fourth, the gaps in age as well as salaries and other perks contribute to the difference in turnover intention be- tween teachers with and without Bianzhi membership. Keywords: intention; job; teachers; turnover
• Turnover Intention in Chinese Rural Teachers: An Empirical Study Based on a Survey of 5,342 Rural Teachers in Yunnan Province by Wang, Yanling (2023) - In this study, factors influencing rural teacher turnover intention were examined in five dimensions: individual characteristics, job characteristics, location characteristics, salaries, and professional experience. This article focused on group differences in turnover intention among rural teachers in an effort to discern what kinds of rural teachers are more likely to quit, and which rural teachers are more sensitive to the new policies. Keywords: intention; teachers

• The Index of High-Quality Development of Chinese Vocational Education and the Measurement of Development Levels by Zhu, Dequan (2023) - The entropy weight TOPSIS method was adopted to measure the in- dex and sub-indexes of high-quality development of Chinese vocational edu- cation to discover that: (1) among the 30 provincial administrative regions investigated, only one province takes the lead in the high-quality develop- ment of vocational education, a number of them have an index value above the national average level, and the majority of them have a below-average index value; (2) there are significant regional differences in the high-quality development of vocational education, with eastern China having the highest quality of vocational education, followed by the central region, and with western China lagging behind in vocational education; (3) Chinese vocation- al education is characterized by insufficient innovative development, a mod- erate level of coordinated development, weak green development, impeded open development, and a lack of shared development. Vocational education in China is undergoing a transition from scale-oriented growth to quality- emphasized development. Keywords: development
• Impact of Pet Companionship on Student Development: A Meta-Analysis by Li, Peixuan; Yao, Jijun; Xu, Yifan; Zhou, Fangru (2023) - Pet companionship takes various forms across different fields in China and other regions worldwide, and the impact of such companionship remains uncertain. The objective was to enhance the exploration of approaches for maximizing the utilization of various forms of pet companionship. Keywords: companionship; development; dog; mix; mix mix; pet; student; student development; study; un un
• Evaluation of the Development Level of Information and Communications Technology in Education Based on the Entire-Array-Polygon Indicator Method: Taking the Questionnaire Survey Data of 13 Cities in Province W as an Example by Xing, Danxia; Lu, Chun (2021) - This study supplemented ICT development level evaluation’s scalability indicators based on this ICT core indicator system, combined with the current research status of ICT development level evaluation in domestic and overseas. [0.00, 0.25) Qualification Excellent Good Fair Poor Design of ICT in Education Development Level Eval- uation Indicator System This research follows scalability, accessibility, and comprehensiveness and has de- signed an evaluation indicator system of ICT development level. Keywords: development; education; evaluation; ict; iii; indicator; level; method
• The Relationship between the Home Cognitive Environment and the Development of Infants and Toddlers Aged 0-3 Years by Hong, Xiumin (2022) - Findings of the study：  Infant and toddler effortful control has a mediating effect between the family cognitive environment and infant and toddler devel- opment, that is, the family cognitive environment influences in- fant and toddler development by acting on their effortful control. The first half of the mediating pathway “family cognitive envi- ronment-effort control-infant and toddler development” is moder- ated by whether or not the infant or toddler is enrolled in child care, The effect of family cognitive environment on infant and toddler effortful control is greater when they are enrolled in child care and weaker when they do not have any experience in child care. Keywords: development

• The Impact of Family Background on Subject Selection in Senior Secondary School Students in the Context of the Reform of College Entrance Examination: An Empirical Study Based on Survey Data from Zhejiang Province by Liang, Xiaoyu; Zhang, Jianzhen (2023) - Student family background is the explanatory variable, indicated by items related to family social, economic, and cultural status and factors listed in the family- related factors scale. BECE, Vol.15, No. 1, 2023 1787  Family education involvement and social connections had no significant effects on student subject selection in the new CEE system. Keywords: family; selection; subject
• How Adolescents’ Family Socioeconomic Status Affects their Career Preparation: The Mediating Effect of Social and Emotional Skills by Cui, Haili (2025) - First, the positive correlations between student family SES and career preparation in all three dimensions indicate that students with higher family SES tend to engage more in exploring and experiencing the future and have higher edu- cational aspirations. Student family SES is the independent variable. Keywords: family; ses; skills
• Family Time and Money Inputs in Education and Teenager Development: Interpretation of Social Capital, Cultural Capital, and Shadow Education by Li, Jiali; He, Ruizhu (2022) - To be specific, this paper addresses the following topics: 1) the current state of time and money inputs in education by families of different social status and disparities in social capital, cultural capital, and access to shadow education among differentiated family backgrounds (such as the family economic status, parental education level, parents’ pro- fessional status); 2) the impact of social capital, cultural capital, and shadow education on teenager academic performance and its power; 3) the impact of time and money in- vestment in education by families of different social strata on child academic achieve- ment and heterogeneity effects of social capital, cultural capital and extracurricular tu- toring on the development of students with different family backgrounds. Faculty of Education, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China This paper utilizes data from the China Education Panel Survey 2013- 2015 to examine the effects of family time and money inputs in education on adolescent academic performance from the perspectives of home social capital, cultural capital, and shadow education. Keywords: capital; education; family; time
• Transportation Infrastructure and Family Educational Expectations: An Empirical Analysis Based on the China Family Panel Survey by Chen, Wuyuan (2022) - Improved transportation infrastructure help boost the in- come of local families, as a result, raising family educational expectations; at the mean- time, it bolsters the inter-regional flow of people and cultural exchange, popularizes urban culture, transforms the backward educational ideas in underdeveloped areas, and thus heightens local families’ awareness of the importance of education, Family education expectations refer to parents’ expectations of their children’s future education level and academic attainment, which are a key representation of the family’s educational outlook. Analyses of Influencing Mechanisms The Effect of Family Income A three-step mediation analysis was undertaken: (i) to regress the effect of transporta- tion infrastructure on family educational expectations with the results showing that the influence of transportation infrastructure on family educational expectations remains prominently positive when the control variable of family income is not included in the model; (ii) to regress the effect of transportation infrastructure on per capita household income with the results displaying that the improvement of transportation infrastructure can significantly bolster local family income; (iii) to refer to the regression results of the main empirical models which have proved that both household income and transporta- tion infrastructure are positively correlated with family education expectations. Keywords: education; expectations; family; infrastructure; transportation; transportation infrastructure

• The Relation between Teacher Gender and Student Academic Achievements: From the Perspective of Teacher-student Gender Matches by Liu, Zeyun (2023) - Research findings showed that:  Teacher-student gender matches had no impact on male students’ school results but posed positive influences on those of female students, repre- sented by the favorable impact of female teachers on girl students’ aca- demic progress. E-mail: zeyun_liu@bnu.edu.cn CCORDING to existing research findings, there is a significant gender difference in student academic performance at the basic education level, with girls outperforming boys on average. Keywords: student; teacher
• Teacher Vitality and Positive Teacher-Student Relationships: A Study of Emotional Transmission between Teachers and Students by Peng, Kaiping (2024) - • After controlling for the gender and age of teacher and student participants, teacher vitality could indirectly impact students’ perception of positive teacher-student relationships via the me- diating effect of students’ perception of teacher enthusiasm; the mediating effect of student vitality; and the chain mediating ef- fect of students’ perception of teacher enthusiasm and student vitality. Research findings: • After controlling for the gender and age of teacher and student participants, teacher vitality could significantly and positively predict students’ perception of positive teacher-student relation- ships. Keywords: teacher
• How Do Teacher Workloads Affect Student Development? by Liang, Huiqing (2025) - • Pool resources to alleviate non-instructional burdens on teachers and increase in-service training to combat teacher job burnout and enhance the quality of teaching. How Do Teacher Workloads Affect Student Develop- ment? Keywords: teacher
• Lecturing, Discussion, or Interaction: The Heterogenous Effects of Teaching Methods on Academic Achievements of Junior Secondary School Students by Ma, Liping (2023) - English teach- ers should lecture less, reduce group discussion, and increase teacher-student interaction in low achieving classes, restrict the amount of group discussion and teacher-student interaction in classes of medium academic level, and lec- ture more in those of higher academic level; teacher lecturing is particularly favorable to English performance of below-average students in high achiev- ing classes. -DID model to examine the respective effects of the three teaching approaches on student academic achievements in Chinese, mathe- matics, and English. Keywords: student; teacher
• The Influence of Teacher Gender on Student Human Capital Development: An Empirical Study Based on Data from China Education Panel Survey by Liang, Wenyan (2023) - The Teacher-Student Gender Matching Effect in the in- fluence of Teacher Gender on Student Human Capital Development To check the teacher-student gender matching effect is to examine whether female teachers can more effectively enhance human capital of girl students than male teachers and whether male teachers can more successfully increase human capital of boys than female teachers. Variable Selection Variables in this study included student human capital (measured by student cognitive and non-cognitive performance); teacher gender; the percentage of male teachers at the organizational level; control variables comprised of student, family, and school charac- teristics. Keywords: gender; student; teacher

• Which is More Important, Schooling or Parenting? by Hu, Yongmei (2021) - Furthermore, identify whether there are differences in the impact of parenting and schooling on primary school students and secondary school students’ academic perfor- mance. As for schooling input, the quality and quantity of teachers and school condi- tions as proxy variables:  Parenting factors are more important for primary school students while schooling factors are more important for secondary ones. Keywords: performance

• The Effect of Harsh Parenting on Smartphone Addiction of Adolescents by Liu, Qinxue (2021) - Email: qinxueliu@mail.ccnu.edu.cn ASED on the questionnaire statistical results of 3,219 students from two non-boarding key secondary schools from Wuhan and Shiyan, the study published in Psychological Development and Education Research estab- lished the mediation effect model, regulating effect model, and intermediary effect model with regulation to explore the mediating effect of core self- evaluation in the process of smartphone addiction through harsh parenting among adolescents, and also the regulating effect of friendship quality. According to the analysis of harsh parenting, core self-evaluation, friendship quality. Keywords: effect
• Effects of Problem-based Learning on Student Problem-solving Skills by Cao, Lei (2022) - Detailed analyses: As students at different education levels have different cognitive char- acteristics, this study analyzes four groups of students from elementary school, junior secondary school, senior secondary school, and university, and finds that the combined effect size is 0.47, 0.84, 1.27, and 0.45 for elemen- tary school, junior secondary school, senior secondary school, and university students respectively. Problem- based learning has a positive effect on student’s problem-solving skills in all the three periods. Keywords: effect; problem
• The “Theatre Effect” of Shadow Education: A Study Based on Data from China Education Panel Survey by Xue, Haiping (2023) - BECE, Vol.13, No. 2, 2023 1713 on students’ participation in after-school tutoring; (ii) The “theater effect” of shadow education of classmates has a greater impact than that of schoolmates, which is evi- denced by the analysis result that the coefficient of the variable of the shadow education participation rate of class peers is greater than that of shadow education participation rate of school peers; (iii) The “theater effect” of shadow education is heterogeneous among families of distinct SES, with the strongest impact on students from families of middle SES; (iv) The “theatre effect” of shadow education varies between urban and rural families, with more significant influences on urban students than on their rural counterparts. Research Methods Null Model The total difference in the shadow education participation rate was decomposed into individual and school levels in order to examine whether there are significant gaps in student shadow education participation rate between schools. Keywords: education; effect; shadow

• How do Class Size and Teacher's Academic Qualifica-tions Affect Students' Academic Performance? An In-ternational Comparative study based on PISA 2018 Results by Hu, Yaozong (2022) - E-mail: yzhu@dem.ecnu.edu.cn HE study, published in Tsinghua Journal of Education, uses PISA2018 results of 15-year-old middle school students from four provincial ad- ministrative regions in China (Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu, and Guangdong) , and other OECD countries as analysis sample to explore the differences in the distribution characteristics of class size and teacher academic qualifica- tions between the four regions of China and OECD countries, and the impact of class size, teacher academic qualifications and their interaction terms on student academic performance.  Reducing class size and upgrading teacher academic qualifications will help improve student performance. Keywords: academic; class
• Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA): An Innovative Approach for Integrating Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis by Zhou, Longjun (2022) - Quantitative analysis is the process of quantifying things through the use of numbers, which represent quantifiable characteris- tics of things such as scale, speed, and degree, as well as the spatial arrange- ment of their constituents (Yang, 1995). Simply put, quantitative analysis focuses on the what and employs numerical expressions to depict a given reality, whereas qualitative analysis aims to comprehend the why and investigates how we describe something. Keywords: analysis; class; qualitative
• General and Vocational Tracks and Equity of Higher Education Enrollment Opportunities among Classes: A Reconstruction of Indicator System for Social Class-based Differential Enrollment Opportunities and its Empirical Analysis by Cao, Yan; Tang, Shanshan (2022) - Regarding superior higher education opportunities, neither the increase in the gross enrollment rate of general high schools nor secondary vocational schools nor the rise in the proportion of general high school places in the general-vocational tracking structure can contribute to alleviating class inequity. The study finds that increasing gross enrollment rates of both general high schools and secondary vocational schools can help improve the equity in admission opportunities of colleges and universities among social strata; expanding the share of general high school places by adjusting the structure of general and vocational tracks (that is, the general- vocational ratio) can effectively reduce the class disparities in college and university admission opportunities; neither the change in the scale nor in the structure of general and vocational tracks will contribute to alleviating class inequality in top university enrollment opportunities. Keywords: class; education; enrollment

• The Relation between Academic Performance and Academic Self-Efficacy in Primary School Students: The Mediating Role of Academic Stress and Self-Esteem and Gender Differences by Li, Wenhui (2023) - The academic stress questionnaire, aca- demic self-efficacy questionnaire, self-esteem scale and students’ academic results of the nearest final examination were used to evaluate the impact of academic performance on student academic self-efficacy, the chain mediat- ing effect of academic stress and self-esteem, and the moderating effect of gender. (2) Academic stress and self-esteem posed chain mediating effects on the rela- tionship between academic performance and academic self-efficacy. Keywords: self
• Effects of Exercise Intervention on Child Mental Health by Yan, Jun (2022) - According to data analysis, exercise intervention has a positive impact on child physical health, self-concept, and mental health. E-mail: yanjun@yzu.edu.cn UBLISHED in Sports and Science, this study conducted a 12-week ex- periment on 169 primary school students, to examine the effects of exer- cise intervention on child physical self-esteem (Physical self-esteem is an important part of overall self-esteem and the earliest developed component of self-consciousness, involving the individual’s views and evaluations on their own appearance, physique, physical ability, etc.), self-concept, and mental health, as well as the mediating role of physical self-esteem and self-concept in the influence of exercise intervention on child mental health. Keywords: self
• Autocratic Parenting Style and Adolescent Perseverance: A Moderated Mediation Model by Liu, Huashan (2022) - In the first half of the path, self-worth can alleviate the negative influence of autocratic par- enting on the development of self-concept clarity; in the second half of the path, self-worth can enhance the positive impact of self-concept clarity on perseverance. This study constructed a moderated mediation model to examine the relationship between authoritarian parenting style, self-concept clarity, self- worth, and the development of adolescent perseverance. Keywords: self

• Intergenerational Transmission of Violence - the Influence of Parental Abuse on Child Bullying Perpetration: An Analysis Based on the Latent Growth Model by Ding, Wan (2024) - This study seeks to investigate the longitudinal effects of parental physical and psychological abuse on child bullying perpetration in the Chinese con- text as well as the heterogeneity of these effects. Research Findings:  Parental physical and psychological abuse has the potential to in- crease the child’ bullying behaviors, including physical, verbal, and relational bullying. Keywords: bullying
• How to Accurately Prevent and Manage School Bullying : Study on the Influencing Mechanism of School Bullying among Primary School Students of Different Genders by Hu, Yongmei (2020) - Parental involvement can significant- ly predict the probability of primary school students suffering from three types of school bullying, and increasing parental involvement has a greater impact on reducing the probability of primary school- girls suffering from relationship bullying. In addition, academic performance can significantly predict the probability of primary school students suffering from three types of school bullying, and improving academic performance has a greater impact on reducing the probability of physical bullying and verbal bullying for primary schoolgirls, and a greater impact on reducing the probability of relationship bullying for primary schoolboys. Keywords: bullying

• Parental Education Level and Child Cognitive Ability: An Analysis Based on Evidence from the China Education Panel Survey by Liu, Jindian; Cheng, Mingwang; Wu, Chunyan (2025) - Research findings of the study reveal that parental education level is significantly and positively related to child cognitive ability, with a greater impact on the cognitive ability of girls than boys, and that its effects on the child’s cognitive ability decline as the latter improves. The analysis of mediation effects shows that parental education level affects child cognitive ability via its impact on home educational expectations and investment. Keywords: ability; child; education
• Collaboration: Report on the Study of Social and Emotional Skills of Chinese Adolescents (III) by Tang, Yipeng; Zheng, Jie; Sun, Xiaoxue; Huang, Jingzhong (2021) - From the perspective of global consciousness, both empathy and cooperation have significant positive effects on global con- sciousness, and the influence degree of empathy is higher than that of coop- eration. From the perspective of subjective well-being, life satisfaction and test anxiety, empathy, trust, and cooperation have significant positive effects on students’ subjective well-being and life satisfaction. Keywords: ability; collaboration; year
• Non-Cognitive Abilities: The Indispensable Contributor to Adolescents’ Development by Yao, Jijun (2021) - These kind of specific abilities other than cognitive abilities, which have a profound and lasting impact on individual adaptation and social development, are core abilities that individuals gradual- ly form in the process of growth and development, and are also called “social and emotional abilities”. –Rudol Steiner HE previous view of education quality paid more attention to the ap- pearance of cognitive ability: test scores. Keywords: abilities; ability; adolescents; education

• The Effect of Education Groups on the Quality of Urban and Rural Compulsory Education: An Empirical Analysis Based on CEPS Data by Cheng, Gang (2022) - In addition, there exists individual difference in this effect; school grouping significantly and negatively affects students from rural member schools and with medium and lower cognitive ability. Overall, school grouping had a significant posi- tive impact on student cognitive ability, but the coefficients of interaction terms demon- strated that the cognitive ability of students from rural member schools of education groups was remarkably lower than that of their urban counterparts by 0.914 units, which directly turned the overall positive influence of school grouping into a substantial nega- tive impact (0.284-0.914 = -0.630). Keywords: education; groups; quality; schools
• The Construction and Application of Regional Education Quality Monitoring Databases: A Case Study of Suzhou’s Education Quality Monitoring by Shen, Jian; Luo, Qiang (2022) - Suzhou EQM Center creates databases for EQM data analysis based on the “data lake” concept. Database Design Based on Analytical Processes Separation of Raw Data and Project Data Importing different types of data from various platforms is frequently neces- sary for EQM data analysis. Keywords: analysis; data; databases; education; education quality; eqm; monitoring; quality; suzhou; system

• Parent-Child Interaction, Parental Academic Support, and Juvenile Deviance: An Empirical Analysis Based on Data from the China Education Panel Survey by Zhang, Meng (2025) - Recent years have seen extensive research on the relationship between family influences and child deviant behavior. • Parents should adopt a balanced approach to academic sup- port for children and be mindful of the harms of the “tiger- mom” style of home education. Keywords: child; support
• The Effect of Teachers’ Support on School Adaptation of Chinese Migrant Children by Yang, Kuichen (2020) - The research car- ried out data analysis by building relationship models among three dimen- sions of teacher support (academic support, emotional support, and relation- ship support), self-education expectations of migrant children, mental health status, and school adaptation. The three dimensions of teachers’ support had different influence mechanisms on school adaptation of migrant children; teachers’ ac- ademic support influenced school adaptation through self-edu- cational expectations, teachers’ emotional support influenced school adaptation through mental health, and teachers’ relationship support influenced school adaptation through self-educational expectations and mental health. Keywords: support

• The Impact of Parent-Child Separation on Students’ Social and Emotional Skills: The Mediating Effect of Parent-child Interaction and the Moderating Effect of Home-school Collaboration by Qian, Jia (2023) - Teachers should offer students more emotional support and provide par- ents with more guidance on home education to offset the negative im- pact of emotional deficiency caused by parent-child separation. Developing social and emotional ability in students is a meaningful practice to improve the quality of education and promote student holistic development as well as an active reaction to social changes. Keywords: child
• Factors Influencing Child Aesthetic Development: An Empirical Analysis Based on the Survey Data of Over 70,000 Chinese Children by Yi, Xiaoming (2024) - (ii) The analysis based on the mediation effect model revealed that parental penchant for arts promoted child aesthetic development through parent- child interactions; that the teacher’ quality of aesthetic education signif- icantly mediated the effect of the school’s aesthetic education resources on child aesthetic development; and that effective publicity of arts activ- ities was supportive to the role of social aesthetic education resources. Give full play to the family’s role in nurturing the child’s aesthetic competence; iii) Create learn- ing and living environments that facilitate aesthetic education; iv) Implement teaching patterns with diverse aesthetic experiences and practices; v) In- crease publicity of social aesthetic activities via various channels and fully leverage social aesthetic education resources. Keywords: child
• A Meta-analysis of the Relationships between Chinese Parenting Styles and Child Academic Achievement by Shi, Zifu (2022) - According to the results of the study, positive parenting styles like “emotional warmth and understanding” had prominent beneficial effects on child academic achievement, whilst negative ones such as “punishment and harshness”, “overinvolvement and overprotection”, “preference for the subject”, “rejection and denial”) were significantly unfavorable for child academic performance. Children’s ages could moderate the relationships between parenting styles (except for overinvolvement and overprotection) and child academic results. Keywords: achievement; child; parenting
• Parental Phubbing and Young Children’ Problem Behavior: A Moderated Mediation Model by Dan, Fei (2022) - The results of the study show that: the overall severity of phubbing among parents is high, while the severity of problem behavior in young chil- dren is of lower-middle level; parental phubbing can not only directly predict child problem behaviors, but also indirectly predict them through the parent- child relationship; young children’s age enhanced the predictive effect of pa- rental phubbing on child problem behaviors, but weakened that of the parent- child relationship on child problem behaviors; When the parent scores be- tween 18.7 and 24.5 points in the Parental Phubbing Scale, the problem be- havior of his or her child surpasses the alert threshold. E-mail: danfeier_2003@163.com HILD problem behaviors refer to those behaviors that are detrimental to physical and mental health of young children, including externalizing problems such as aggression, violence, disobedience to discipline, etc. and internalizing ones like anxiety, depression, withdrawal and so on. Keywords: child; problem
• Negative Parenting Styles and Preschoolers’ Social Adaptation Difficulties: The Mediating Effect of Parent-Child Conflicts by Liang, Zongbao (2022) - This study constructed a model of the relationships between negative parenting behavior, child-parent conflicts, and child social adaptation diffi- culties, to analyze: (i) the father vs. mother differences in the impact of nega- tive parenting behavior on child social adaptation; (ii) the mediating effect of child-parent conflicts on the relation between negative parenting styles and child social adaptation difficulties. Negative parenting behavior will induce social adaptation difficulties in young children. Keywords: behavior; child

• An Empirical Study of the Relation between Rural School Size and Student Academic Achievement in the Context of Rural Revitalization by Zeng, Pingfei (2024) - Fully investigated were the gaps in student senior secondary entrance examination results and academic progress among rural schools of distinct sizes as well as the impact of school sizes on different stu- dent groups. The study proposes suggestions as follows:  In rural school evaluation, considerations should include both student baseline performance and academic progress. Keywords: schools
• Super High Schools: Improving or Reducing the Educational Quality of High Schools in Different Provinces? by Guo, Congbin (2021) -  Comprehensively evaluate the quality of high school education and pro- mote the diversified development of high schools. However, it could cause serious damage to the ecology of the high schools’ education within the region, ag- gravating the exam-oriented education phenomenon in high school education, exacerbating the disadvantages of education inequity, etc., as a result, it has become a hot topic in all sectors of the society in recent years. Keywords: education; schools

• Task Performance: Report on the Study of Social and Emotional Skills of Chinese Adolescents (I) by Gao, Xingyuan; Chen, Hongyan; Wu, Jie; Huang, Jingzhong (2021) - In other indicators, there was no significant difference between boys and girls, ordinary high school students, and vocational high school students. Time spent online (p < 0.01, β = -0.04, -0.07, -0.05) had a nega- tive and significant effect on self-control, responsibility and perseverance. Keywords: perseverance; year

• The Current State and Characteristics of Parental Educational Anxiety and Contributing Factors by Ding, Yadong; Xue, Haiping (2023) - Through a large-scale survey and subsequent data analysis, it aimed to the status quo and characteristics of educational anxiety among parents of compul- sory education students; analyze the factors in parental educational anxiety from the standpoints of educational policies, schools, families, and students; and propose rec- ommendations on improving the education policy system from the perspective of policy design. Conclusions The research concluded that: (i) educational policies posed the strongest impact on pa- rental educational anxiety, and the mediating chain “educational policies – schools – parental educational anxiety” served to be the primary path; (ii) parents’ knowledge of educational policies were closely associated with their educational anxiety; (iii) Family capital significantly affected parents’ educational anxiety; (iv) Child academic perfor- mance was negatively related to parental educational anxiety; (v) the quality of school education service had significant influences on parents’ educational anxiety; (vi) Moth- ers were more prone to educational anxiety than fathers, and parents’ educational anxie- ty peaked at the junior secondary phase. Keywords: anxiety; education; parents
• Does the Double Reduction Policy Alleviate Parental Education Anxiety? An Empirical Study Based on a Survey of 29 Provincial Administrative Regions in China by Qi, Zhanyong (2024) - Effective governance of education anxiety necessitates a thorough understanding of the status quo of parental education anxiety and its contributing factors. This article is an in-depth investigation of the effects of various factors on parental education anxiety including policy-related fac- tors at the macro level, school-related factors at the meso level, and parent- and student-related factors at the micro level. Keywords: anxiety; education
• How Is Middle-Class Parents’ Education Anxiety Generated? A Study Based on a Survey of Home Education of Junior Secondary School Students in 8 Provinces and Cities by Luo, Jingya; Zhu, Xinzhuo (2024) - China Abstract: Drawing on a 2022 survey of home education of junior secondary school students in China’ eight provincial administrative regions, this study seeks to examine the chief factors influencing the generation of education anxiety in Chinese middle-class parents using a moderated mediation model. Research findings include that: (1) education anxiety is pervasive among middle-class parents who exhibit high levels of education anxiety but low levels of education involvement; (2) the parent’s perception of educational stratification can significantly predict their education anxiety; (3) the relationship between the parent’s perception of educational stratification and their education anxiety is mediated by their expectation of child education; (4) the parent’s perception of educational competition has a moderating effect on the relationship between their educational expectation and education anxiety. Keywords: anxiety; education; parent
• Causes and Impacts of Test Anxiety of Chinese Primary School Students: An Analysis Based on Data from the SSES 2019 by Qing, Can (2025) - This study ex- amines the state, impacts, and causes of test anxiety of Chinese primary school students, drawing on data from the Survey on Social and Emotional Skills (SSES) 2019 sponsored by the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development. Research Findings: • More than 30% of the primary school students surveyed suffered from test anxiety with the lack of confidence in their test ability being the chief symptom. Keywords: anxiety
• Mathematics Anxiety and its Impact on Academic Achievement: Research on the Impact Mechanism Based on a Large-scale Assessment in Province Z by Qi, Chunxia (2022) - In terms of gender differences in student mathematics anxiety, girls have higher levels of class anxiety and test anxiety than boys, and boys have higher levels of homework anxiety than girls. Academic levels are closely related to mathematics anxiety levels in that students with lower academic levels tend to report higher levels of homework anxiety and problem-solving anxiety, and those with narrow passes in exams undergo the highest levels of class anxiety and test anxiety.  Keywords: anxiety

• The Cost of Virtual Reality in Health: An Empirical Analysis of the Impact of Online Gaming on Adolescent Mental Health by Ru, Peng (2024) - This article is an analysis of the effect of online gaming on teenager mental health with a close examination of various factors influenc- ing the effect including personal characteristics of the student and peer, fami- ly, and school characteristics. Regarding student personal factors, there was no gender differ- ence in their mental health; students with Hukou in rural areas had lower levels of mental health; student academic perfor- mance was positively related to their mental health levels; stu- dent misconduct was a negative predictor of their mental health. Keywords: health
• Nutrition Improvement Program for Compulsory Education Students in Rural Area: Effects of Meal Plan on Pupils’ Physical Health and Mental Health by Zhao, Qiran (2021) -  Research conclusions: In terms of physical development, there is no significant difference between school meals and corporate T Vol.7, No.1, 2021 935 meals; in terms of anemia and mental health, students who re- ceive school meals is worse than those receiving corporate meals.  Policy recommendations: In order to further improve the imple- mentation of the plan, it is necessary to consider the reasonable design of the proportions of different types of meals and the nutri- tional combination of foods in different meal plan; in terms of nu- trition, school meals need to pay attention to providing sufficient meat and other iron-rich elements food, corporate meals should increase the supply of vegetables or fruits. Keywords: health; meals
• The Impact of Boarding on the Children’s Health in Rural China by Xu, Jingqin (2021) -  Analysis of the results: boarding at school has a certain negative impact on children’s health, and rural children from central west regions, especially the western areas were strongly affected, while the situation of that in the eastern region is not significant; The negative impact of school boarding on the health of rural boarding students mainly occurs at the elementary school level. Meanwhile, the special fund for the nutrition improve- ment plan for boarding schools requires strict management. Keywords: boarding; health
• The Relationship between Mobile Phone Dependence and Mental Health among Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Academic Burnout and the Moderating Role of Coping Styles by Wan, Jiaojiao (2022) - The Test of the Moderated Mediating Effect with Dis- engagement Coping as the Moderator Variable The test results of the moderated mediation model by structural equation modeling techniques showed that disengagement coping significantly moderated the relationship between adolescent academic burnout and mental health (β = 0.07, p < 0.001), but had no moderating effect on the relationship between MPD and adolescent mental health (β = 0.03, p > 0.05). Hence, a hypothesis is proposed that coping styles moderate the direct effect of MPD on adolescent mental health and the second half of the path of the indi- rect influence of MPD on teenager mental health mediated by academic burnout. Keywords: burnout; coping; health; mpd

• The Relationship between Principal Authentic Leadership and Teacher Knowledge Sharing: An Empirical Analysis Based on the Self-Determination Theory by Zhang, Wanying (2025) - Stronger perceptions of insider status elicit positive behaviors in teachers; enhanced teacher perceptions of organizational member- ship lead to significant elevation of the knowledge sharing inten- tion in them. Hence, teacher knowledge sharing has be- come a pronounced issue in modern school management. Keywords: knowledge
• Who Benefits More from Online Learning: An Empirical Study on Online Knowledge Sharing Behavior in Postgraduates by Liu, Ji’an (2023) - Research conclusions include that: (i) the individual ability factor (in- formation literacy) has a significant impact on the online knowledge sharing behavior of postgraduates, with a greater effect on the quantity of online knowledge sharing than on its quality; (ii) structural factors (gender, school type, urban or rural origin, paternal occupation, paternal education level) also have prominent effects on online knowledge sharing behavior of postgradu- ates, with a stronger impact on the quality of online knowledge sharing than on its quantity; (iii) structural factors influence various dimensions of infor- mation literacy of graduate students differently, with the greatest impact on their information discrimination competence; (iv) the effects of structural I mailto:jian.liu@ucas.ac.cn Vol.13, No.2, 2023 1724 factors on online knowledge sharing behavior of postgraduates are partially mediated by the individual ability factor, as individuals who are more advan- taged in terms of structural factors show higher levels of information literacy and thus have more active and higher-quality online knowledge sharing be- haviors. E-mail: jian.liu@ucas.ac.cn N the digital era, online knowledge sharing is a crucial link in individual development. Keywords: knowledge; sharing

• Parental and Child Educational Expectations and Adolescent Academic Burnout in Low-Income Families by Zhao, Xinhui (2025) - This may be because parental educational involvement could be either inordinately high or low, unable to meet the children’s actual needs, as a result of parent-child discrepancies in educational expectations • Grandparenting could mitigate the exacerbating effect of “aligned low educational expectations” on adolescent academic burnout (playing the role of resource compensation) but also weakens the promotive effect of “aligned high educational expectations on parental involvement T mailto:editorial-office@bonoi.org Vol.21, No.2, 2025, BECE 2048 (playing the role of resource substitutes). Research Findings: • Aligned low educational expectations between the parents and children significantly exacerbated academic burnout in the latter, while aligned high educational expectations between them or the children’s educational expectations exceeding those of their parents significantly alleviated academic burnout in the teenage children. Keywords: burnout; expectations

• COVID-19 versus Education: Who Will Win? by Yao, Jijun (2020) - With the advent of autumn, the number of global COVID-19 infections may once again set new rec- ords. We still welcome global education scholars to continue to discuss and share stories, experiences, and research results during the fight against COVID-19 through the BECE platform. Keywords: covid-19; education

• The Current State of Teacher Participation in After-School Service Under the Double Reduction Policy and Improvement Suggestions: A Survey of 9741 Teachers from 131 Primary and Secondary Schools in Beijing by Zhang, Sheng (2023) - The questionnaire was aimed at gathering infor- mation about: (i) the teacher’s in-service school backgrounds (grade, school district, the educational quality of the school) and professional experience (discipline, being the class teacher and/or leader of teaching research group or not); (ii) their engagement in after-school service, including attendance at the service, type of service, participation intention and actual involvements; (iii) factors influencing their participation in the service, such as workload, incentives for after-school service, training, school management, and family support. The Current State of Teacher Participation in After-school Service under the Double Reduction Policy and Improvement Suggestions: A Survey of 9,741 Teachers from 131 Primary and Secondary Schools in Beijing By Li, G., Li, H. T., Xin, T., & Zhang, S. Correspondence to: Sheng Zhang, Beijing Normal University, China. Keywords: service
• Who are Studying as Pre-Service Teachers in Universities? An Investigation of Gender Composition and Urban-Rural Backgrounds of Pre-Service Teachers Enrolled between 1982 and 2019 by Wang, Weiyi (2023) - The research found that the number of male pre-service teachers, from both urban and rural areas is continuously decreasing, while that of female pre-service teachers, especially those from rural areas, has significantly in- creased, leading to the shift from a male-predominated to female- predominated composition of pre-service teacher body. The opportunity index was used to analyze the changes in opportu- nities for students of different genders and urban-rural backgrounds to partic- ipate in pre-service teacher education programs. Keywords: service

• Longitudinal Associations between Physical and Relational Victimization and Student Academic Achievement in Early Adolescence: A Cross-lagged Panel Study by Chen, Liang (2023) - Peer victimization is a risk factor in student academic achievement; at the same time, poor academic performance can potentially cause peer victimization. Research results showed that: (i) relational victimization occurring in the fifth grade significantly and nega- tively predicted student academic performance; (ii) the sixth and seventh grade academic achievement significantly and negatively predicted physical and relational victimization in the ensuing year, with no noticeable difference in its effects on the two forms of peer victimization; (iii) there was no promi- nent gender difference in the longitudinal associations between academic re- sults and the two forms of peer victimization; (iv) The effect of academic performance on physical victimization varied in different phases, tending to aggravate with age. Keywords: victimization

• How Cooperation and Competition Affect Student Academic Performance and Wellbeing by Xu, Zhixing (2023) - A reasonable amount of competition is seen as a motivational factor in student learning, with positive effects on student academic achievements. This study utilizes data from the PISA to con- duct systematic research into the impact of cooperative and competitive be- haviors on student academic performance and wellbeing, with the purpose of providing guidelines for fostering appropriate spirit of cooperation and com- petition in students. Keywords: behavior; life
• Positive Parenting and Prosocial Risky Behavior in Adolescents: Testing a Moderated Mediation Model by Dou, Kai (2024) - In other words, positive parenting can indirectly impact adolescent prosocial risky behavior via prosocial peers. E-mail: psydk@gzhu.edu.cn HE study Prosocial risky behavior involves risk taking that benefits oth- ers or society, such as stopping peer bullying and sacrificing personal time for volunteerism. Keywords: behavior
• The Association between Teacher-Student Relationships and Aggressive Behavior of Primary School Students: The Roles of Student Self-Esteem and Parent-Child Cohesion by Guo, Cheng (2024) - Based on a questionnaire survey of more than 5,000 primary school students, this article aims to examine the relation between teacher-student re- lationships and aggressive behavior of primary school students, as well as the roles of student self-esteem and parent-child cohesion in this relation. Research Findings:  Desirable teacher-student relationships can help inhibit aggressive be- havior in primary school students. Keywords: behavior

• Parent Time Input in Teenager Education Matters More Than Shadow Education by Cheng, Xiaoqiao (2022) - BECE, Vol.11, No.1, 2022 1425 Parent Time Input in Teenager Education Matters More Than Shadow Education Xiaoqiao Cheng Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China “Education is what survives when what has been learned is forgotten.” –BF Skinner N recent years, shadow education—paid private supplementary tutoring providing additional educational assistance for students who are prepar- ing for a variety of examinations—has become one of the fastest growing industries in a number of countries around the world, causing concern among governments and education policymakers, who believe that shadow educa- tion exacerbates the financial burden on poor families and exacerbates educa- tion inequality (Yu & Zhang, 2022). I http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ BECE, Vol.11, No.1, 2022 1426 status in shadow education has resulted in higher educational attainment and consequently exacerbated the imbalanced gap between students from differ- ent social strata that is “taken for granted”. Keywords: education; shadow; time

• In Memory of Professor Robert E. Slavin by Cheung, Alan C.K. (2021) - The unfortunate death of Professor Slavin was a great loss for the global educational research, especially for our journal. Professor Slavin was among the earliest researchers working on cooperative learning, an approach through which small teams of students with different academic abilities work together (Roberts, 2021). Keywords: education; evidence; professor; slavin

• The Impact of Parents’ Marital Quality on Children's Prosocial Behavior by Wu, Hong (2022) - Third, they should exert both rigorousness and tolerance in parenting behavior to help children learn rules and regulations, develop empathy, build interpersonal trust, and show more prosocial behavior. The mediation of parents’ positive emotional expression works among both boys and girls, with a greater effect for the group of girls, whereas the mediation of parental acceptance and compan- ion only works for the boy group, which may stem from the dif- ferences in children’s personal factors and parenting behavior. Keywords: parents

• Effects of Sleep Quality on Academic Performance of Children Aged 10 to 12: The Mediating Role of Updating Ability by Zhao, Xin (2024) - The article also set forth the limitations of this study: Other key fac- tors influencing student academic performance should have been controlled; the association between sleep quality and student academic achievement and the mechanism of impact were not fully confirmed; more paths affect- ing the relation between sleep quality and academic results need to be ex- plored; aside from updating, the explanatory power of other executive functions for the relation in question also deserves investigation. Through a mediation model, this study investigat- ed the relation between sleep quality and academic achievement in primary school students and the mediating effect of updating ability on this relation- ship. Keywords: sleep
• Can Adequate Sleep Promote Non-Cognitive Devel-opment in Primary and Secondary School Students? An Empirical Analysis Based on a Survey of 153,901 Students by Yao, Jijun (2024) - This study is an empirical analysis of the effects of sleep duration on the non-cognitive ability in teenagers with a large sample of 153,901 primary and secondary school students, using the ego de- pletion model, multiple linear regression, and propensity score matching. Research Findings: • Sleep duration had a positive correlation with non-cognitive ability in primary and secondary students. Keywords: sleep
• How Long Should We Sleep? The Ideal Matching Pattern between Sleep Time and Academic Achievement of High-school Students by Liu, Jian; Zhao, Liman (2020) - Based on this, a study published in Journal of East Chi- na Normal University (Educational Sciences), relying on the data of the Quality and Health Check-up Program of China Basic Education Quality Monitoring Coordination Center, explored the ideal matching model between students’ high academic achievement and sleep time on the basis of students psychosomatic development and a good educational environment, and providing multi-level early-warning to schools that sacrifice students’ sleep time in exchange for good scores. Keeping students’ sleep time at or above eight hours is an ideal matching mode for schools to ensure students’ physical and mental health development and to create a good educational environment. Keywords: sleep

• Does Being Left Behind Estrange the Peer Relationship? An Empirical Analysis Based on CEPS by Qian, Jia (2021) - Emphasize parents’ family education responsibilities to left- behind children, and guide migrant worker parents to pay atten- tion to the mental health, peer communication and social commu- nication of left-behind children. First, using the least squares method, with peer relationship as the de- pendent variable and staying behind as the core independent variable for re- gression, the results show that staying behind experience has a negative im- pact on the construction of students' peer relationships. Keywords: peer; variable

• Effects of E-reading on Reading Literacy by Yao, Jijun (2021) - The results of mediation effect analysis show that metacognitive strategies can play an important role in promoting and mediating reading, and good reading metacognitive strategies can help students effectively eliminate the negative effects of e-reading. Newsletter Vol.8, No.2, 2021 1154 Effects of E-reading on Reading Literacy By Li, W., & Yao, J. Correspondence to: Yao, J., Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Chi- na, 210023. Keywords: reading

• Labor Participation of Primary and Secondary School Students and Influencing Factors: An Empirical Study of 164 Schools by Liu, Rude (2024) - Research Findings: • Descriptive statistics indicate: the students spent less-than- expected time on labor activities both in homes and schools; there was a smaller variety of labor activities in the school than in the home; the majority of the schools surveyed paid inade- quate attention to labor education; there existed significant dif- ferences in labor motivation, with the intrinsic motivation pre- dominating, social motivation related to peer influence being less impactful, and extrinsic motivation like encouragement and re- wards from the teacher and parents being insufficient. The study concludes that a more comprehensive labor education pro- gram should be developed to promote student all-round growth by establish- ing coordination mechanisms between the school, home and community, heightening students’ labor motivation and school attention on labor educa- tion, and by diversifying labor activities while fully considering individual differences among students. Keywords: labor
• How Does Family Labor Promote the Ability Development of Junior High School Students? by Fang, Chenchen (2021) - The results show that:  There is a phenomenon of “absence” in family labor education in our country. However, the family, as an important field of student labor education, is failed to realize the effect. Keywords: labor
• The Effect of Child Preschool Education on Labor Force Participation of Married Women of Childbearing Age by Min, Weifang (2023) - With grandparental care for children, the employment probability of mothers in high-income families would in- crease by 1.09 times, which was significantly higher than that in low- and middle- income families The Robustness Test The logarithm of the cost of preschool education in the area where the subject lives was employed as instrumental variable to validate the impact of child preschool education on maternal resumption of work. By introducing the instrumental variable of the cost of preschool education, this study verified that child preschool education could significantly promote the labor force participation of married women. Keywords: education; force; labor; participation; women

• The Relationship between Mathematics Anxiety and Mathematics Performance in Chinese Basic Education Students: A Meta-Analysis Based on 68 Papers in Chinese by Guo, Kan (2024) - The negative correlation between student mathematics anxiety and mathematics performance is stronger in high-stakes tests than in non-high-stakes ones. The Chinese mathematics education community should pay more attention to the pervasive issue of mathematics anxiety among basic education students as a high level of mathematics anxiety M mailto:guokan@bnu.edu.cn Vol.18, No.2, 2024, BECE 1922 and poor mathematics performance are both unfavorable for their long-term development. Keywords: mathematics
• Is Mathematics Vocabulary Important? The Mediating Effect of Mathematics Vocabulary on the Relationship between Cognitive Abilities and Mathematics Performance by Liu, Di (2025) - There are positive correlations between mathematics vocabulary and math achievement, math problem solving and computation capacities in pupils.  Mathematics vocabulary partially mediates the relationship be- tween cognitive abilities (such as reasoning and working memory) and performance in math tasks. Keywords: mathematics

• How the Classroom Environment Affects Student Creativity by Zhou, Jinyan (2025) - A classroom environment with healthy peer relationships, active student engagement, and cooperative learning has a greater posi- tive impact on creativity development of high -socioeconomic-status (SES) students. Based on data from a survey of creative behavior of primary school students in Beijing City, this study seeks to explore the relationships between the classroom environment and student creativity development, as well as influencing factors for and hetero- geneity in the relationships, using a regression model and a moderated medi- ation model. Keywords: classroom
• The Impact of Teacher Leadership on Classroom Culture Construction: The Role of the New Education Initiative by Wang, Min (2025) - Teacher leadership has a significant impact on the construction of classroom culture. This study is an examination of the differences in the impact of teacher leadership on classroom culture construction between schools within and outside the New Education Initiative (NEI) network. Keywords: classroom; culture

• Meritocracy in Education: Bridging or Widening Educational Inequality by Zhao, Qian (2025) - Nevertheless, in the context of the exacerba- tion of structural social inequalities, a sizable number of studies find that meritocracy, in practice, is unable to promote fairness, but instead obscures the issue of uneven distribution of education resources, further widening the disparities in educational opportunities between students with different soci- oeconomic status (SES). Based on data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), this study is an empirical analysis of the effects of the meritocratic belief on access to educational opportunities in Chinese adolescents, as well as its heterogeneous effects among students with distinct SES backgrounds. Keywords: adolescents
• Parental Involvement, Confidence in the Future, and Adolescent Development: A Comparative Analysis of Native and Migrant Adolescents by Li, Jiali (2022) - There are some differences in the effect of parental involvement only among migrant adolescents. Parent-child communication can reduce the psychological and behavioral problems of both local and migrant adolescents, but it can only improve the cognitive ability of local adolescents; T mailto:eduhappycharlie@shnu.edu.cn BECE, Vol.10, No.1, 2022 1351 Home-school contact negatively predicts the cognitive ability of native adolescents and has no significant impact on that of mi- grant adolescents. Keywords: adolescents

• Family Cultural Capital and Child Social Skills: The Mediating Effects of Maternal Childcare Competence and Maternal Rough Parenting by Tao, Yachen (2023) - At the same time, the degree of roughness of maternal parenting was negatively correlated with family cultural capital, and so was maternal childcare compe- tence with child social skills. Additionally, it was discovered that maternal childcare competence could effectively mediate the relation between family cultural capital and so- S mailto:1968191087@qq.com Vol.13, No.2, 2023 1726 cial skill development of the child, with a mediating effect constituting 4.6% of the overall effect; that the degree of roughness of maternal parenting could also effectively mediate the relation between family cultural capital and so- cial skill development of the child, with a mediating effect accounting for 18.9% of the overall effect; and that maternal childcare competence and the degree of roughness of maternal parenting had a significant chain mediating effect on the relation between family cultural capital and child social skills, which made up 2.5% of the overall effect. Keywords: capital

• Can a Growth Mindset Be Successfully Cultivated in Adolescents? A Three-Year Longitudinal Study of an Intervention Program in a Rural School in China by Yu, Ruxian (2025) - Nevertheless, recent years saw growing debates on the effectiveness of growth mindset interventions and their applicability in various cultural contexts, which has prompted consideration of cultural background, specific educational practices, and developmental characteristics of the individual in the development of growth mindset cultivation programs. This implies that growth mindset intervention can contribute to the mitigation of academic gaps in students. Keywords: growth; intervention; mindset

• Do New Gaokao Schemes Increase Students’ Autonomy in Subject Selection: An Empirical Analysis Based on the CatBoost Regression Tree Model by Qin, Hongxia (2024) - The “3 + 3” and “3 + 1 + 2” patterns, as new Gaokao models, showed no significant differences in the effects on student autonomous subject selection, but both outperform- ing the prior “3 + X” model. • The expanded rights of students to subject choice did not lead to an enhancement of their subject selection abilities, but con- versely, a certain degree of decline in this regard. Newsletter Vol.17, No.2, 2024, BECE 1872 Do New Gaokao Schemes Increase Students’ Autonomy in Subject Selection: An Empirical Analysis Based on the CatBoost Regression Tree Model By Zhou, J., Shan, Z., & Qin, H. Correspondence to: Hongxia Qin, Xiamen University, China. Keywords: gaokao; subject

• Effects of Home Education Guidance Services and Improvement Measures: An Analysis Based on Survey Data of 1,850 Families in Hubei Province by Lei, Wanpeng (2024) - Research Findings • Home education guidance services had a significant positive impact on parental education literacy and its sub-dimensions, among which parental education knowledge was the most substantially and positively affected. • Home education guidance services made no difference to child physical health and academic performance but had positive effects on child learn- ing attitudes and behavior. Keywords: education; home
• Research on the Home-School Collaboration Reform Mode in the Post-Epidemic Era by Zhang, Weiyuan (2021) -  Pupils’ home-based learning performance is correlated with factors of the student, school support, and family support, but among all the factors parental involvement shows the strongest correlation.  The results are as follows:  Home-based learning performance was significantly different among pupils who were accompanied by different family members. Keywords: home

• Parity between Paternal and Maternal Involvement and Child Subjective Well-Being: A Response Surface Analysis Based on Polynomial Regression by Bian, Yufang (2024) - This is because high involvement of both parents elicits active parent-child interactions. Compared with two parents of low involvement, one parent of high in- volvement could generate more positive effects on child devel- opment. Keywords: involvement

• The Impact of Parental Control on Mental Health of Primary and Secondary School Students and Its Educational Implications by Yu, Guoliang (2025) - Research Findings:  There is a moderately positive relationship between parental control and student mental problems, indicating parental control is a significant risk factor for child mental health. The relationship between parental control and child mental health is moderated by variables including the age of the student, the source of psychological control, the home cultural background, and the publication year of the study included.  Keywords: control

• The Impact of the Double Reduction Policy on Family Fertility Intention: A Study Based on a Survey of 29 Provinces across China by Ning, Bentao (2024) - This study aims to explore the relationship between parents’ atti- tudes towards the Double Reduction policy and their intention of having more than one child, as well as the mediating effects of family education ex- penditure and parental educational anxiety on this relationship, using 10341 parents of primary and secondary school students from 29 provincial admin- istrative regions as research subjects. Research Findings: • Parental positive attitudes towards the Double Reduction policy could effectively predict the enhancement of parental intention of having more children. Keywords: intention; policy

• Lenient-Understanding Parenting and the Academic Grit of Secondary School Students: The Mediating Effects of Academic Interest and the Sense of Meaning in Study by Li, Xiaona (2025) - Student academic grit is the dependent variable, assessed with the Secondary School Student Grit Self-Report Scale created by Li et al. (2020). For a more precise evaluation of the effects of lenient-understanding parenting on student academic grit, the study introduces two mediating variables, namely student academic interest and the student’s sense of meaning in study. Keywords: parenting; student; study

• Gender Bias in Educational Investment among Chinese Rural Families: An Analysis Based on Data of Rural Multi-Child Households by Xiao, Tong (2025) - Research Findings:  There were significant gender gaps in educational investment among Chinese rural households, and the gaps are heterogeneous in relation to birth order, with the largest ones occurring between the investment for the eldest sons and the eldest daughters. The gender issue in educational investment was significantly more pronounced in regions with lower levels of public education expenditure and among rural families with low household incomes. Keywords: education; gender
• Maternal Occupation Status, Child Educational Attainment and Gender Differences: An Empirical Study Based on the Data from the Chinese General Social Survey by Sun, Tao (2022) - Based on CGSS2015 da- ta, this study used regression analysis with instrumental variables to investi- gate the effects of maternal occupation status on child educational attainment and gender differences.  Heterogeneity analysis shows that the impact of maternal occupa- tion status on gender gap in child educational attainment only ex- ists in the family group with relatively higher parental education levels and higher family status, and that the impact is not signifi- cant among families from lower social classes and with lower levels of parental education. Keywords: gender; status

• Public Goods Dilemma Experiment: How Will the Pressure & Situational Attribution Brought by the Reward &Punishment System Affect the Cooperative Behavior of Junior High School Students? by Liu, Yu (2021) - The punishment system shows the direct and significant effects on the cooperative behavior of junior high school students, and there are three indirect paths: punishment system → perceived stress → cooperative behavior, punishment system → situational attribution → cooperative behavior, punishment system → per- ceived stress → situational attribution → cooperative behavior. Email: liuyu2301@126.com N school education, the reward system and punishment system, as two common methods of controlling students’ behavior, have an important impact on the cooperative behavior of junior high school students. Keywords: system

• Can Augmented Reality Improve Learning? by Nie, Yong (2021) - Combined with different teaching methods, AR technology can always greatly improve the practical learning effects, but moder- ating effects vary in different interventions.  AR technology has a moderate influence on the learning effec- tiveness of different learning stages, with the most significant ef- fects on the preschool stage, followed by a primary school, and the least effects on the college stage. Keywords: technology

• Factors Influencing Mathematics Grades of Junior Secondary Students: An Analysis Based on the Hierarchical Linear Model by Tian, Yan (2022) - First, there is no significant gender difference in student math grades, but boys’ self-concept and academic self-efficacy in math are remarkably higher than girls’. In the class of low-level cooperation, student self-concept in math can significantly affect student math grades, but in the class of high-level cooperation, the effect is not significant. Keywords: math
• Growth Mindset Training and the Effect of Math-Gender Stereotype Threat on Girl Students by Song, Shujuan (2022) - Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, Hubei, China Abstract: To investigate whether growth mindset training can weaken the effect of math-gender stereotype threat on girl students, this study undertook experimental intervention in a group of grade-11 girl students and found that: (i) Mindsets can moderate the effect of math-gender stereotype threat. Growth mindset training and the effect of math-gender stereotype threat on girl students. Keywords: math; stereotype; threat

• How does Transformational Leadership of Principals Affect Teacher Organizational Commitment? An Empirical Analysis Based on Mediating and Moderating Effects by Mao, Yaqing (2022) - The research findings:  Transformational leadership of principals has a significant posi- tive predictive effect on teacher organizational commitment, which supports the argument that the positive predictive effect of transformational leadership on the organizational commitment of subordinates has cross-industrial and cross-cultural adaptability. Pub- lished in the Education Research, this study employed the interaction ritual chains theory to examine the influence of transformational leadership of principals on teacher organizational commitment in the school context, and its influencing mechanism via the mediating and moderating effects. Keywords: commitment

• Global Competence of Students in PISA High-Performing Regions: The Impact of Individual and School Factors by Qinhui, Huang (2023) - The average ESCS level of the school positively predicts global competence of stu- dents of all four countries and regions, multicultural events and globalized curricu- la have no significant impact on student global competence, and teacher multicul- tural belief negatively predicts global competence of Singaporean students. The study suggests that schools should offer students from diverse backgrounds equal opportunities for global competence training, place pre- miums on improving students’ foreign language proficiency, and work to create a reading-valued campus culture; and that they should encourage in- ternational peer communication, organize intercultural activities, improve the depth and breadth of globalized curricula, and provide teachers with profes- sional training on global competence education. Keywords: competence

• Is Critical Thinking Teachable? by Leng, Jing (2021) - A recent study published in Open Education Research selected 79 experiment or quasi-experimental research literature from China and abroad as the research objects, explored the differences of critical thinking teaching effects and the teachability of critical thinking from the aspects of the discipline, teaching stage, the number of participants, tech- nical intervention, countries, testing methods and so on. In conclusion, through the comprehensive analysis of the existing re- search data, this study obtained that the combined effects of teaching intervention effect on students’ critical thinking values, with the quantitative results, show that critical thinking can be taught, and found that subject, learning, teaching period, the technology involved in various cultures, and assessment tools for the students’ critical thinking teaching effect has certain adjustment. Keywords: thinking

• Can Holistic Module Teaching Improve English Per-formance of Junior Secondary School Students? An Experimental Exploration Based on the Reform of English Instruction in X City in Eastern China by Huang, Bin (2023) - This study used the empirical data generated by the teaching reform and the method of difference-in-differences estimation to conduct a systematic evaluation of the efficacy of holistic module teaching in English instruction with the purpose of providing evidence for the further improvement of this teaching design. The study suggested that in implementing holistic module teaching in junior secondary English classes, strategies such as real-world situation- based learning and knowledge transfer should be incorporated into the educa- tion of English listening, speaking, reading, and writing to assist teachers in identifying teaching objectives and to help students successfully improve their English proficiency. Keywords: english

• How Proactive Personality Impacts Knowledge Sharing among Primary and Secondary Teachers: The Roles of Work Engagement and Organizational Innovative Climate by Zheng, Jianjun (2023) - This article draws on the job demands-resources theory to examine how proactive personality affects knowledge sharing among primary and secondary teachers and identify the mediating effect of teacher work engagement and the moderating effect of the organizational innovative climate. Teachers with highly proactive personality are more likely to meet job demands by integrating personal and or- ganizational resources and increase engagement in work, conse- quently enhancing knowledge sharing behavior. Keywords: sharing

• The Impact of Physical Exercise on Adolescent Academic Performance: An Empirical Analysis Based on the China Education Panel Survey 2014-2015 by Li, Chunguang (2023) - The study finds that: i. Both standardized test scores and parental evaluation results show that the number of times of physical exercise per week is positively correlated with adolescent academic perfor- mance, indicating that physical activity is not only benefi- cial for their physical fitness but also for their cognitive at- tainment. E- mail: editorial-office@bonoi.org UE to the traditional idea of “academic development outweighing phys- ical activity” and the public misunderstanding of the effect of physical exercise on student academic performance, physical exercise is typically giv- en the lowest priority in Chinese educational system. Keywords: exercise

• Neighborhood Effects, Family Capital, and Adolescents’ Compulsory Education Outcomes by Fang, Chao (2023) - This article is an empirical analysis of the impact of neighborhood effects and family capital on teenagers’ compulsory education outcomes, based on the China Education Panel Survey’s data from academic years of 2013-2014 and 2014-2015. Despite extant extensive studies on the rela- tionships between neighborhood effects and family capital and adolescent academic performance, there remains room for further research on this topic. Keywords: education; effects

• A Longitudinal Study of the Relationship between Preschool Readiness and the Adjustment to Preschool Transition in Young Children by Wang, Yifang (2024) - Young children should be well-trained to adapt to preschool life in terms of the daily schedule, mid-day nap, and toilet habit. A healthy daily routine developed before kindergarten attendance could positively predict the initial level and rate of preschool adjustment in them. Keywords: adjustment; kindergarten

• Gain or Loss? The Internet Use among Generation Z and its Impact on Their Academic Achievement by Yu, Xiulan (2024) - The variable of student family background is represented by the parental education lev- el and family social status; student internet use behaviors incorporate internet-based learning, online gaming, online shopping, and short video watching. This article aims to explore the differences in the internet use among members of Generation Z (Gen Z) with distinct family origins; the impact of internet-based learning behavior on Gen Z’s academic success; and the disparities in the impact between Gen Z students at various educational phases. Keywords: internet; use

• The Impact of the Parenting Style on Adolescent Empathetic Ability: A Comparative Analysis Based on Data from SSES 2019 by Huang, Zhongjing (2025) - There were greater gender differences in empathy ability among North American adolescents than among East Asian ones. Drawing on data of American, Ca- nadian, South Korean, and Chinese students from SSES 2019, this article gives overviews of adolescent empathetic ability in two cultural circles, North American (Western) and East Asian (Eastern), and conducts a com- parative analysis, using the method of descriptive statistics. Keywords: empathy
• Can Virtual Reality Elicit More Empathy: A Meta-analysis Based on 19 Randomized Controlled Trials by Tang, Aimin (2023) - Virtual reality is generally defined as a medium technology which can provide simulative experiences in a computer-created environment and has the capacity to enhance human empathy by offering immersive learning experiences. How are research design, subject matter and process features related to the promotive effects of virtual reality on student empathetic competence? Keywords: empathy; reality

• The Effects of Work Hours and Composition on Novice Teachers’ Career Adaptation: An Empirical Study from the Perspective of Work Burdens by Zhang, Luo (2025) - Based on a questionnaire survey of 2590 Chinese teachers at the basic education level, this study investigates the effects of work hours and composition on career adaptation in novice teachers, using latent profile analysis and the multiple linear regression model. Suggestions:  Reduce novice teachers’ work hours to keep them within the 8-hour limit. Keywords: work

• The Role of General Artificial Intelligence in Digital Literacy Training: An Empirical Study Based on the Information Technology Course by Li, Jiayuan (2025) - E-mail: editorial-office@bonoi.org HE DIGITAL transformation of human society is accelerating as a result of the introduction of new-generation information technology (IT) like artificial intelligence (AI) and big data, and digital literacy has become an es- sential skill in the digital era. In this context, digital literacy training is deemed a crucial component of modern basic education. Keywords: literacy

• The Impact of Psychological Abuse and Neglect on Adolescents’ Externalizing Problem Behaviors: The Mediating Effect of Antisocial Attitudes and Moderating Effect of Gender by Wang, Guofang (2023) - Psychological abuse and neglect could directly affect the externalizing problem behaviors and could also indirectly influence them through the mediation of antisocial attitudes. The research findings showed that there were positive relations be- tween psychological abuse and neglect, antisocial attitudes, and externalizing problem behaviors. Keywords: abuse

• From Universities to Elite Universities: Heterogeneous Returns to Higher Education and the Sorting Mechanism in the Context of Higher Education Expansion in China by Xie, Y. (2020) - Before the higher education expansion, there was no significant difference in the returns to high education between key universi- ties and non-key universities, but both of them had earnings much higher than those with senior high school education. Newsletter Vol.6, No.2, 2020 881 From Universities to Elite Universities: Heterogeneous Returns to Higher Education and the Sorting Mecha- nism in the Context of Higher Education Expansion in China By Zhou, Y. & Xie, Y. Correspondence to: Xie, Y. Email: ihss@pku.edu.cn ITH the popularization of higher education, the viewpoint of “aca- demic qualification is useless” begins to rise. Keywords: education; universities
• Universities and Innovation Potential of the City: A Quasi-Experimental Study of Newly Built Campuses of Colleges and Universities in China by Ha, Wei (2022) - Can so extensive construction of new campuses really drive the development of regional innovation? The construction of new campuses by regular colleges and universities reached its peak in three to five years following the initiation of expanded colleges’ enrollment in 1999, while the number of new campuses of vocational colleges grew steadily. Keywords: campuses; cities; city; innovation; universities

• The Impact of New College Entrance Examination Reform on Academic Adaptation of Freshmen: Suppression or Enhancement? by Bao, W. (2020) - Due to the system design of subject selection, high school schools are required to strengthen the ca- reer planning education of high school students to help students establish an objective understanding of various majors and their future career directions, so as to make more rational professional choices. The impact of the new college entrance examination reform on college students’ academic adaptation has obvious heterogeneity. Keywords: college; entrance; examination

• Income Inequality, Education Competition, and the Model of Family Engagement in Education by Li, Jiali (2021) - Select the way of family education investment, including the two dichotomous vari- ables of the education resource investment and emotional investment, and divide the family education investment into four categories: neglect invest- ment with less investment in education resources and less emotional support, and investment with more education resources but more emotional support Material investment, emotional investment with less investment in educa- tional resources but more emotional support, comprehensive investment with more investment in educational resources and more emotional support. Therefore, my country does not need to emphasize and ad- vocate the restriction of family education investment but needs to encourage and guide parents to choose a reasonable way of family education investment. Keywords: education; investment

• An Empirical Research on the Employment of Chinese University and College New Graduates Under the Impact of COVID-19 by Li, Tao (2021) - The unemployment situation of recent graduates from rural areas; 2). Based on the analysis above, the following research took the factors of physiology, family, organization, and individual as independent variables, and set the employment condition as dependent variables, and finally using the U Vol.7, No.1, 2021 932 logistic regression to further explore the core factors affecting employment. Keywords: employment; graduates

• Can Vocational Education Improve the Income Gap between Urban and Rural Areas? by Pan, Xiaolin (2021) - Recently, an article published in Education & Economy deep- ly explored the impact of vocational education on the urban-rural income gap. Based on the human capital theory and the provincial panel data from 2007 to 2018, this paper estimated the Theil index of the urban-rural income gap, using the System GMM model to evaluate the impact of the development of vocational education on the urban-rural income gap. Keywords: income

• How do Learning and Teaching Strategies Improve Students’ Academic Performance? by Hu, Yongmei (2021) - Teaching strategies can be divided into individualized teaching strategies (ITS), partic- ipatory teaching strategies (PTS), and guided inquiry teaching strategies (GTS). Researchers used the Hierarchical Linear Regression Model and the Coarsened Exact Matching (CEM) to design the quasi-experimental and then adding variables of teaching strategies and learning strategies to compare the results through effect size calculation. Keywords: strategies

• An “Assurance of Security” or “Agent of Tracking”? An Empirical Study of the Impact of Vocational Education on Social Mobility by Wang, Yijun (2022) - In general, the security function of vocational education is more significant, though its function of tracking is still strong, and the gap in socio-economic status between the vo- cational education and higher education cohorts will gradually expand over time. Therefore, vocational education can provide an “assurance of security for individuals involved and their families. Keywords: education; status

• Evidenced-based Educational Reform Supported by Education Quality Monitoring: China’s Exploration and Experience by Yao, Jijun (2022) - We believe that over time, with the con- tinuous efforts of researchers and practitioners, China’s, including Suzhou’s, educational reform based on empirical evidence will surely generate more sa- lient results and provide valuable insights to its counterparts worldwide. In the Construction and Application of Regional Education Quality Monitoring Databases: A Case Study of Suzhou’s Education Quality Moni- toring in this issue of the journal (Shen & Luo, 2022), Suzhou’s education quality monitoring (EQM) research team presents their city’s experiences in developing EQM databases. Keywords: education; suzhou

• Technoference and Adolescent Internet Gaming Addiction: The Mediating Role of the Need to Belong and the Moderating Role of Friendship Quality by Liu, Qinxue (2023) - The research findings demonstrated that: (1) technoference positively predicted adolescents’ Internet gaming addiction; (2) the need to belong par- tially mediated the relationship between technoference and adolescent’s In- ternet gaming addiction, indicating that the need to belong was an important explanatory factor in the impact of technoference on adolescent’s Internet gaming addiction and that proper control of parental use of mobile phones has the potential of enhancing the quality of child-parent interaction to better meet the child’s need to belong; (3) friendship quality moderated the influ- ence of technoference on the need to belong as well as the impact of friend- ship quality on Internet gaming addiction. This study constructed a moderated mediation model based on the problem behavior theory and the individual-environment interaction models to examine the effects of technoference, the need to belong, and friendship quality on adolescent Internet gaming addiction. Keywords: gaming

• Does Virtual Reality Help Reduce Learners’ Cognitive Load? A Meta-Analysis Based on 23 Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Studies by Wang, Guohua (2023) - Extensive empirical research has been undertaken on the effect of VR on cognitive load, despite no consistent conclusion having been reached. This article is a meta-analysis of 23 empiri- cal studies, seeking to examine the impact of VR on cognitive load moderat- ed by variables such as the discipline, education phase, and intervention du- ration. Keywords: load

• Screen Exposure, Parental Mediation and Media Addiction in Preschool Children by Zhang, Qing (2024) - E- mail: sunny322@vip.126.com HE intensifying medialization of society has exacerbated the issue of child media addiction. This study conducted an online question- naire survey of 2046 parents of preschool children aged between three and six to investigate the relations between child screen exposure, parental medi- ation, and child media addiction. Keywords: media

• The Relationship between Achievement Goal Orientation and Academic Achievement in Senior Secondary School Students: The Mediating Effect of Self-Regulated Learning by Si, Jiwei (2024) - According to the achievement goal orientation theory, student achievement goals include the performance approach goal, performance avoidance goal mastery ap- proach goal, and mastery avoidance goal. The research demonstrates that there are variations in the effect on student academic results among distinct achievement goals. Keywords: goal

• The Relation between Adolescents’ Weight and Peer Effects in the Classroom Setting: An Empirical Analysis by Cheng, Gang (2024) - To positively leverage peer effects in adolescent weight, the study proposes suggestions as follows: (i) Increase investment in teenager health education to advance the action plan for health education of Chinese primary and secondary school students by improving tangible and soft environments for the school-based health education; (ii) Focus the content of health educa- tion on plural hazards of overweight and obesity and help students develop legitimate perception of weight, healthy conception of body image, and sys- tematic knowledge about health management; (iii) Pay due regard to stu- dents’ social experience while introducing the notion of BMI and ensure them a harmonious and friendly school climate in implementing the health education monitoring mechanism. The individual’s perception of weight moderated peer effects in weight. Keywords: weight

• The Effects of Criticism on the Behavioral Improvement Intention of Junior and Senior Secondary School Students: The Role of the Teacher-Student Relationship by Zhang, Feng (2024) -  Junior secondary students in their early adolescence have diffi- culty distinguishing process and person criticism and compre- hending the positive intent of teacher criticism, which means middle school teachers, face more challenges in correcting their students’ misbehavior. Research Findings:  As opposed to outcome criticism, the effects of process criticism and person criticism on the teacher-student relationship varied in the two education phases. Keywords: criticism

• The Effects of Thematic Reading on Mental Resilience Development in Rural Left-Behind Children: An Empirical Study by Jiang, Yingjie (2024) - The study also proves the malleability of mental resilience in primary school children, lending support to the idea of “the age of 11 or below being the preferable age for mental resilience development,” popular in the mental resilience research community. Research Findings: • The between-group comparison shows that the reading interven- tion successfully bridged the gap in mental resilience between the experimental and control groups • Keywords: resilience

• The Relationship between the Remigration Age and Academic Adjustment in Remigrant Children: An Empirical Study Based on a Survey in Six Counties in China by Cheng, Yongzhou (2025) - Research Findings: • There was a negative correlation between the remigration age and academic adjustment in remigrant children. E-mail: 85600855@qq.com HE study is based on a field survey of junior and senior secondary school students as remigrant children in six counties in Hubei, Guang- dong, and Yunnan Provinces, who had lived outside their home places at younger ages with their migrant worker parents, using the cluster sampling method. Keywords: remigration

• The Effect of Perceived Parental Trust and Perceived Teacher Trust on Learning Powers in Junior Secondary Students: The Mediating Role of Self-Esteem by Fu, Gan (2025) - • Perceived teacher trust had a more significantly positive effect on learning powers than perceived parental trust in the secondary school students. Draw- ing on psychological capital theory and self-worth theory, this study con- ducts an in-depth investigation of the effect of perceived parental trust and teacher trust on learning powers in junior secondary students as well as fac- tors influencing the effect. Keywords: trust

• Homework Loads and Creativity Development in Chinese Primary and Secondary School Students: An Empirical Analysis Based on the SSES Data by Qian, Jia (2025) - E-mail: qianjia@ccnu.edu.cn RAWING on data from the OECD’s Survey of Social and Emotional Skills (SSES), the study seeks to investigate the relationship between homework loads and creativity development in Chinese primary and second- ary school students, with the purpose of providing evidence for scientific im- plementation of the Double Reduction policy. The principle of “less is more” does not apply to homework assignment. Keywords: homework

• The Role of Generative Artificial Intelligence in the Teaching and Learning of English as Foreign Language: An Empirical Study of GenAI-Based Feedback in Secondary English Writing by Yang, Bing (2025) - Compared to teacher feedback, GenAI-based feedback led to greater improvement in grammatical accuracy in English writing. • GenAI-based feedback was more effective in improving wording appropriateness of students’ English writing than teacher feedback. Keywords: feedback

• The Influence of Technology’s Interference on Adolescent Addiction to Smartphone: The Function of Core Self-Evaluations and Need Satisfaction Perceived Online by Liu, Qinxue (2020) - There was a significant negative correlation between technological interference and core self-evaluation; there was a significant positive correlation between technological interference, psychological needs network satisfaction, and smartphone addiction.  Both core self-evaluation and network satisfaction of psychological needs play an intermediary role in the influence of technological in- terference on smartphone addiction. Keywords: addiction

• How Do Personal Trait Credibility and Facial Credibility Affect Children’s Peers Trust? by Li, Qinggong (2021) - The results show that: Children are inclined to trust peers with high Facial Credibility score and high Personal Trait Credibility score. Compared with low Personal Trait Credibility, when trustees have higher score, Facial Credibility has a greater predictive effect on peers trust. Keywords: credibility

• The Important Role of Education in the Targeted-Poverty Alleviation by Hao, Wenwu (2021) - Email: haowenwu@snnu.edu.cn SURVEY published in Journal of East China Normal University (Edu- cational Sciences) selected peasant households (including the poverty and non-poverty families) from contiguous poor areas in northwestern China and analyzed the data through four dimensions of the relationship between the rural family economy and the of educational development. Most of the former consider that participation in skill training is useful for getting rid of poverty and become better off, while the latter believe conversely. Keywords: poverty

• Healthy Context Paradox of Being Bullied and Externalizing Problems among Adolescents by Liu, Xiaowei (2021) - These results suggest that hostile attribution bias plays a mediating role in the Healthy Context Paradox. Email: liuxiaowei123000@163.com EALTHY Context Paradox mainly refers to the situation where the bul- lied adolescents tend to show more psychological problems, such as depression and anxiety, while the surroundings are relatively low in bullying level. Keywords: problems

• Can Physical Exercise Promote the Development of Teenagers’ Cognitive Ability? by Huang, Bin (2021) - Email: James7526@163.com STUDY published in Journal of East China Normal University (Educa- tional Sciences) explored the relationship between physical exercise and the student’s cognitive ability. Can Physical Exercise Promote the Development of Teenagers’ Cognitive Ability? Keywords: cognitive

• Can Programming Really Promote Individual Development of Children? A Meta-analysis on 28 Experimental and Quasi-experimental Studies by Sun, L.H. (2021) - A mailto:sunlh777@163.com BECE, Vol.9, No.2, 2021 1274 First, at the cognitive level, the combined effect size of programming on individual children is (SMD = 0.86, p < 0.001), reaching a statistically significant level, indicating that programming can significantly and actively promote the cognitive development of students.  From the perspective of different programming forms, the intergroup effect size shows Chi 2 = 32.72, p < 0.001, reaching a significant lev- el, indicating that there are significant differences in the role of dif- ferent programming forms in promoting the individual development of children. Keywords: programming

• Is "Hope for Success" Effective? by Cheng, Gang (2022) - Based on the research results, this study suggests that in teenager fam- ily education, parents should understand the fundamental value of education and make objective evaluation of children’s academic ability; Parent-child interaction and communication should be maintained; Parents should help their children to regulate their psychological pressure, academic burden and negative emotions; Parents should pay more attention to boys’ educational expectations to help them overcome academic difficulties, build confidence and grow up healthily. The stress level, academic burden, and negative emotions “ mailto:cg@bnu.edu.cn Vol.10, No.2, 2022 1423 of boys with high expectation preference are higher than those of girls with high expectation preference. Keywords: education; expectation

• Harsh Parenting and Adolescent suicidal Tendencies: Based on A Moderated Mediation Model by Wang, Xinhong (2022) - The research re- sults are as follows:  Harsh parenting and individuals’ justification of suicide behavior have significant predictive effects on teenager suicide tendencies.  Adolescents’ justification of suicide behavior partially mediates the relationship between harsh parenting and adolescent suicidal tendencies. Keywords: suicide

• The Relationship between Peer Attachment and Mobile Phone Addiction of Junior Secondary School Students: An Analysis Based on a Moderated Mediation Model by Zhou, Zongkui (2022) - In order to clarify the relationship between peer attachment and mobile phone addiction and its mechanism, this study constructed a moderat- ed mediation model to examine the mediation of negative emotions and the moderating effect of the ability to be alone. The research results show that: (i) After controlling for gender, age, grade, being only child or not, and mobile phone use years, peer attachment has a significant negative predictive effect on mobile phone addiction. Keywords: phone

Epilogue

For more detail, about this study carrel, see the computed home page. For more detail about study carrels in general, see the read me file.

Created: 2025-12-24