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Vol.17, No.1, 2024, BECE 1858 

 

 

 

 

How the Quality of Education Process Affects the 

Quality of Education Outcomes: The Effects of 

Learning Engagement on Academic Achievements in 

Primary School Students 

By Zhu, X. & Hang, R. 
Correspondence to: Xinzhuo Zhu, Huazhong University of Science and Technol-

ogy, China. E-mail: 57097061@qq.com  

HE EVALUATION of education quality is an essential component 

of the educational system, guiding the development of education and 

instruction. In recent years, the Chinese government has released a 

series of policy papers in an effort to develop a more scientific educational 

evaluation system. 2020’s “The Overall Plan for Intensifying the New Era’s 

Education Evaluation Reform” emphasizes the importance of modifying the 

evaluation of education outcomes, strengthening the evaluation of education 

process, exploring value-added evaluation, and optimizing comprehensive 

evaluation. The evaluation of education outcomes aims to measure the stu-

dents’ fulfillment of educational objectives, whereas the evaluation of educa-

tion process is more focused on the quality of educational and instructional 

processes. This article seeks to investigate learning engagement of primary 

school students using the self-developed “primary student learning engage-

ment questionnaire” and create the model of the relation between learning 

engagement and academic achievements in primary school students to ex-

plore the effects of the quality of education process on the quality of educa-

tion outcomes in primary education.  

Research findings include: 

• Learning engagement of students is significantly and positively 

related to their academic performance. Student learning engage-

ment concerns the amount of effort the student puts into their 

curricular study, informing the quality of education process. Stu-

dent academic achievements reflect the quality of education out-

comes. Therefore, the quality of education process has a positive 

impact on the quality of education outcomes.  

• Engagement attitudes are crucial to student learning, determining 

their engagement behavior, duration, and strategies. Positive en-

gagement attitudes relate to positive mindset, satisfactory experi-

ence, and pro-active behavior in learning, serving as the primary 

determinant of students’ effective, sustainable learning involve-

T 

mailto:57097061@qq.com


 

Vol.17, No.1, 2024, BECE 1859 

ment. Students with positive engagement attitudes are more 

ready to devote time and energy to learning and explore various 

learning methods and strategies. 

• Engagement behavior has a direct effect on student academic 

achievements; engagement attitudes, duration, and strategies in-

directly affect student academic performance via substantive en-

gagement behavior. 

Therefore, to enhance the learning engagement of pupils, it is 

important for the school to create good learning atmospheres and for 

the teacher to adopt flexible teaching methods and intriguing teaching 

activities that are effective in encouraging positive engagement atti-

tudes in them. Also, it is advisable to give heavier weight to the eval-

uation of education process and pay more attention to student learning 

process and the development of their learning competences. 

 
Source: China Educational Technology, 2023; 2023 (12):55-63. 


