




































 

 

 

 

 

The New Education Initiative:  

A Transformative Program for Chinese 

Basic Education 

Longjun Zhou 

 
Division of Education and Economy, China Center, International Education 

Communication Agency, the BASE, USA 
 

 

Abstract: The New Education Initiative (NEI), founded by 
Professor Yongxin Zhu at Soochow University in 2000, has had a 

widespread and enduring impact on Chinese basic education. It has 

transformed the education ecosystem in many regions in China, 
with its theory and practice inspiring numerous teachers who have 

suffered excessive pressures under the teaching to test culture. This 
article is a review of the initiative’s background, evolution, and 

implimentation framework and summarizes its major achievements, 

in the hope of providing implications for future education 
development in China and beyond. 

Best Evidence in Chinese Education 2025; 19(2):1941-1953 

DOI: 10.15354/bece.25.re152 

How to Cite: Zhou, L. (2025). The new education initiative: A transformative 

program for Chinese basic education. Best Evidence in Chinese Education, 

2025, 19(2):1941-1953. 

Keywords: New Education Initiative, Yongxin Zhu, Educational Reform, Non-

Governmental Educational Organization, China 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 



Zhou. (USA). The New Education Initiative in China. 

BECE, Vol.19, No.2, 2025 1942 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

About the Author: Longjun Zhou, Division of Education and Economy, China Center, International Education 

Communication Agency, the BASE, USA. E-mail: 294437034@qq.com 
Correspondence to: Longjun Zhou at Division of Education and Economy, China Center, International Education 

Communication Agency, the BASE in USA. 

Conflict of Interests: None 

Funding: No funding sources declared. 

AI Declaration: The author affirms that artificial intelligence did not contribute to the process of preparing the 

work. 
 

 

 

 

© 2025 Insights Publisher. All rights reserved. 

Creative Commons NonCommercial CC BY-NC: This article is distributed under the terms of the 
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License 

(http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of 

the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed by the Insights Publisher. 

mailto:294437034@qq.com
http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/


Zhou. (USA). The New Education Initiative in China. 

BECE, Vol.19, No.2, 2025 1943 

 
HE EARLY 21st century witnessed worldwide waves of educational 

reform, which brought systemic transformations to education in 

multiple dimensions, such as educational philosophy, education 

policies, and application of educational technology. Every country has 

launched its own reform initiatives, aiming to build a more open, inclusive, 

flexible, and innovative ecosystem of education to suit the needs of 

economic and social development in a fast-changing world (Qian, 2000). 

Like any other nation, China also saw a surge of innovative experiments in 

basic education, including but not limited to the New Education Initiative 

(NEI) founded by Professor Yongxin Zhu, a program championing personal 

growth and well-being (Zhu, 2019a); the New Basic Education Initiative led 

by Professor Lan Ye, aiming to construct a student-centered basic education 

system (Ye, 2006); Dulangkou Middle School’s classroom teaching reform, 

which emphasizes active exploration, cooperation, communication in 

learning (Ruan, 2009); Beijing National Day School’s curriculum reform, 

pivoted around the concept of personalized education (He & Wu, 2019); 

Tsinghua University-Affiliated Elementary School’s thematic learning, 

seeking to engage students in interdisciplinary study and practical inquiry for 

the cultivation of all-round competence and innovative spirit (Li, 2018). This 

article focuses on the NEI, researching into its theoretical underpinnings, 

evolution, implementation framework, and major achievements, aiming to 

showcase its value and significance as an innovative educational experiment.  

The NIE’s Theoretical Underpinnings  

Western New Education Theories 

In 1859, Spencer advanced the question of “what knowledge is the most 

valuable,” which sparked enduring research and debate on the worth of 

knowledge (Spencer, 2007). As opposed to Spencer’s proposition that 

learning itself is of most worth, Whitehead asserted that education should be 

based on real-world lives. In his book The Aims of Education, Whitehead 

(2014) writes, “There is only one subject matter for education, and that is 

Life in all its manifestations.” Based on Russell’s statement that diversity is 

essential to happiness (Russell, 2005), the former Soviet Union’s 

educationist Sukhomlinsky (2010) proposes a pathway to acquiring 

happiness through education, arguing that education is to help individuals 

discover their better selves and identify their capacity for creative work, and 

to enable them to understand and feel human pride. 

Inspired by the new philosophies of education, the renowned Scottish 

educationist Cecil Reddie founded Abbotsholme School in 1889, which 

T 



Zhou. (USA). The New Education Initiative in China. 

BECE, Vol.19, No.2, 2025 1944 

advocates establishing a harmonious, mutually respectful relationship 

between adults and children, requiring teachers to provide students with an 

education that focuses on mentorship rather than control. From then on, a 

host of experimental schools emerged across Europe, such as Bedales School 

in southern England founded by John Badley in 1893; Westans School in 

Winchester by Renno Hebe in 1897; the first rural boarding school in 

Germany by Hermann Lietz in 1898; and the École des Roches in France by 

Edmond Demolins in 1898. In 1921, the New Education Fellowship was 

established in Calais, France, setting out the core tenets of the new education 

movement: (i) to center education around children with respect for their 

individuality and intrinsic potential; (ii) to promote social transformation 

through education. The establishment of the New Education Fellowship, 

with its articulation of fundamental principles, had a profound impact on the 

ensuing development of new education, fostered the exchange and 

popularization of new education ideas across the world, and accelerated 

modernization of education in many countries. Also, the child-centered 

approach and the notion of social transformation through education 

advocated by the New Education Fellowship have been valuable academic 

resources for modern education research (Wu, 2008). 

Dissemination and Development of the New Education 

Theory in China 

The dissemination of the new education theory in China began in the early 

20th century. In 1912, My Views on New Education by Yuanpei Cai was 

published by The Education Magazine, marking the initiation of the 

introduction of the new education theory in China. In February 1919, the 

magazine New Education was launched in Shanghai, further promoting the 

new education theory in this country. In July of the same year, Xingzhi Tao 

delivered his famous speech titled “New Education” at Zhejiang First 

Normal School, amplifying the concept of new education with more 

profound connotations. The proposition of “localizing New Education in 

China” by Zexuan Zhuang in 1929 signals a major step forward in the 

development of the theory in China (Wang, 2009). In integrating the new 

education theory with Chinese traditional education culture and introducing 

it into China’s education system of that time, Chinese educationists 

developed certain new concepts, such as “life-based education” by Xingzhi 

Tao, emphasizing close connection between education and life and placing 

equal weight on teaching, learning, and doing; and “vigorous education” by 

Heqin Chen, which stresses the dynamic, practical, and creative features of 

education (Li, 2006).  

The NEI, founded by Yongxin Zhu, inherits the Western tradition of 

new education and Chinese new education theories in the early 20th century, 



Zhou. (USA). The New Education Initiative in China. 

BECE, Vol.19, No.2, 2025 1945 

with a comparable emphasis on the role of education in increasing children’ 

wellbeing, while also seeking to transform the existing education system and 

drive social advancement (Zhu, 2021a).  

The Evolution of the NEI 

Professor Zhu and his team embarked on developing the NEI in the late 20th 

century and officially launched it in 2000. The program was created and 

promoted by a group of reform-awareness educators with forward-looking 

vision of education, under the leadership of Zhu. The maturation of the 

initiative is the result of the team’s relentless exploration and practice over 

the past two decades (Zhu & Wang, 2020).  

Preparation Phase (1986-1999) 

In 1986, Zhu, after five years’ effort, published his book A Study of Chinese 

Educational Philosophy: Achievements and Contributions of Chinese 

Education Sciences. This book seeks to summarize the essentials of 

traditional Chinese educational theories through a meticulous review of 

classic works by ancient and modern educationists in order to provide 

implications for contemporary education practices (Zhu, 1993). Two years 

later, Zhu published another monograph named Predicaments and 

Transcendence: A Survey of Contemporary Chinese Education, which 

delves into challenges facing the Chinese education world to explore paths 

for successful transformation of Chinese education (Zhu, 1990).  

Drawing on his research experience in Japan, Zhu, in 1990, edited 

Contemporary Japanese Education Series, which thoroughly analyze the 

characteristics of Japanese education to offer valuable insights for Chinese 

educational reform, showcasing the editor’s broad educational perspective 

(Zhu & Wang, 1992).  

In 1993, Zhu introduced a few teaching reform initiatives when 

serving as the Dean of Academic Affairs at Soochow University, including 

“the must-reading list for university students”, “the primary and secondary 

majors system,” and “the credit accreditation system.” These reform moves 

garnered much attention and positive comments from the education 

community.  

Based on his extensive theoretical and practical research in education 

and inspired by Peter Drucker’s management theory, Zhu commenced his 

experiment in education innovation in 1999, laying groundwork for the 

development of the construct of the NEI (Zhu, 2019b). 

Initial Phase (1999-2002) 



Zhou. (USA). The New Education Initiative in China. 

BECE, Vol.19, No.2, 2025 1946 

Zhu’s work experience at Hutangqiao Elementary School in Wujin, Jiangsu, 

in 1999, where he acted as a mentor for novice teachers as well as a frontline 

teacher, prompted him to make further efforts to achieve his educational 

ideals. His My Educational Ideals, published in 2000, is an encapsulation of 

main ideas of the NEI. Its publication marked the official launch of the 

initiative (Zhu, 2009).  

In 2002, the program’s cyber platform “Education Online” was set up, 

which soon gathered a host of school principals and teachers who share the 

same educational pursuits and dubbed themselves “a group of like-minded 

educational practitioners.” The platform provided them with opportunities 

for further professional growth. Teacher users of “Education Online” shared 

their teaching experiences and challenges on the platform, where they could 

receive feedback and encouragement from peers. These first participants of 

the NEI experienced substantial professional development and became a 

potent force for the advancement of the program (Zhu, 2021a). 

Expansion Phase (2002-2013) 

The first nine-year New Education experimental school was established in 

2002. Subsequently, the program rapidly developed into a NEI network, 

numbering thousands of experimental schools. The initial NEI 

implementation framework established by the earliest participants, which 

consists of “five basic concepts and six actions,” was progressively upgraded 

to become a more complete framework that features “an overarching goal, 

four changes, five propositions, and ten actions,” as a result of the expansion 

of NEI teaching forces and strengthened NEI research effort (Zhu & Wang, 

2020). 

Teacher professional development has been a crucial factor in the 

successful enactment of the NEI implementation framework. The NEI has 

developed a teacher growth model that supports the teachers’ identification 

with the teaching profession and career development. In this model, 

“professional reading, writing, and communication” are counted as the three 

essential elements, serving to be the steppingstones to their continuous 

career advancements and ongoing pursuit of excellence (Zhu & Yang, 2020). 

Maturation Phase (2013 to Present) 

2013’s establishment of the New Education Teacher Development Institute 

was a landmark event in the history of the NEI (Zhu & Wang, 2020). The 

institute offer free courses, spanning general education and disciplinary 

knowledge training, to teachers at NEI experimental schools or in the NEI 

experimental zones, to give them systematic professional support. Also, it 

regularly sponsors teacher training seminars, peer communication workshops, 



Zhou. (USA). The New Education Initiative in China. 

BECE, Vol.19, No.2, 2025 1947 

and the “Course Demonstration Week” to provide valuable opportunities for 

teachers to exchange and share expertise and experience (Tao, 2004).  

To ensure the quality and effects of the NEI program, the institute 

developed a third-party evaluation mechanism, which gives objective 

assessment and timely feedback on its progress, providing solid evidence for 

future work on its improvement. Also, the institute has been committed to 

building an online resource bank to realize the wide sharing of curricular 

resources, aiming to build a mutually beneficial teaching community (Zhu, 

2021a). 

The NEI Implementation Framework 

On the basis of their insights into the essence of education and 

comprehension of ideal education, Zhu and his research team established 

“promoting personal growth and well-being of education actors” as the 

NEI’s overarching goal, emphasizing that the aim of the NEI is two-fold: to 

foster students’ all-round development, including academic success, physical 

and mental growth, and emotional and spiritual development; and to support 

teachers’ pursuit of job satisfaction and professional development to enable 

them live a fulfilling teaching life (NEI Research Group & Zhang, 2006a). 

As a result of their two-decades of persistent effort, the NEI research 

community have developed the NEI Implementation Framework (Table 1), 

which encompasses the NEI’s overarching goal, value orientations, basic 

principles, and core actions. This framework has served as a solid theoretical 

base for the NEI’s introduction and implementation (NEI Research Group & 

Zhang, 2006b).  

The Establishment of the NEI’s Overarching Goal 

Initially, the overarching goal of the NEI was represented as “pursuing 

whole-person education and education for all.” In this expression, “education 

for all” points to the NEI’s ideal of educational equity and its role as a 

champion of the right of every child to basic education; “whole-person 

education” manifests the NEI’s adherence to education for all-round 

development in students, a practice aimed at promoting the individual’s 

physical, mental, spiritual growth though multi-dimensional education 

including moral, intellectual, physical, aesthetic, labor education, and more.  

At 2006’s Sixth NEI Seminar, Professor Zhu proposed to upgrade the 

initial version of overarching goal to be “promoting personal growth and 

well-being of education actors,” a more incisive interpretation of the NEI’s 

spirit (Zhu, 2006). The new expression highlights the value placed on the 

well-being of the whole education community by the NEI program. 

Professor Zhu emphasized the NEI’s focus on student all-round development 



Zhou. (USA). The New Education Initiative in China. 

BECE, Vol.19, No.2, 2025 1948 

and teacher professional development, which can be achieved through 

specific actions, such as building a reading-valued campus, encouraging 

teacher-student co-writing, and developing interest in the world beyond the 

campus, to name a few. The revised overarching goal clarifies the direction 

for NEI’s future development. 

The Advancement of the Five Propositions 

Educational reform endeavors often begin with the development of 

transformative ideas. The five basic propositions in the NEI Implementation 

Framework target the problems with the current education system, aiming to 

help frontline teachers to break away from outdated, unscientific educational 

notions (Zhang, 2017). Professor Zhu rates the five propositions as the 

overriding elements in the theoretical framework of the NEI. According to 

Professor Zhu’s elaboration of them, “teaching knowledge of high value to 

students’ lifelong growth” and “encouraging communication with noble 

minds in teachers and students” are about the NEI’s ethical values, guiding 

educators to reach higher-order purpose of education, while “promoting 

mental health by creating successful experiences,” “pricing the student’s 

individuality as well as the school’s uniqueness,” and “having full 

confidence in the potential of teachers and students” comprise the 

psychological base of the NEI, stressing the importance of unlocking the 

potential of teachers and students, cultivating upbeat mentalities in them, and 

ensuring their rights to individualized growth pathways (Zhu, 2019a) 

The Expansion of NEI Actions 

The content and numbers of NEI actions have undergone amplification over 

the years, resulting in the present 10 ones in the NEI Framework. Based on 

the five basic propositions, these actions are advanced to ensure the 

achievement of the overarching goal, i.e., promoting the personal growth and 

well-being of educators and learners. For example, the action of “forging a 

desirable classroom environment” aims to create an active, vital learning 

climate by organizing early-morning recitation, mid-day reading, and late-

afternoon reflection of meaningful content that suit the children’s interest, 

and by encouraging students to document their growth stories through 

writing about classroom experiences. “Cultivating a favorable habit every 

month” is intended to help students develop habits of lifelong benefits, such 

as exercising regularly, reading, and keeping diaries. “Creating excellent 

curricula through research and development” is to motivate teachers to 

innovate their use of textbooks, in addition to executing the national, 

regional, and school-based curricula, to make best use of “great knowledge” 



Zhou. (USA). The New Education Initiative in China. 

BECE, Vol.19, No.2, 2025 1949 

to assist the growth of students and themselves (NEI Research Group & 

Zhang, 2006b). 

Research, Practice, and Communication 

The NEI was first known as an education research effort and attracted much 

attention in the education world. In December 2003, the NEI’s research 

project “Introduction and Practice of the New Education Theory” was 

included as a key project in the “10th Five-Year” National Education 

Science Development Plan, signaling that the NEI has gained state-level 

recognition. In 2008, its research project “The New Education Initiative and 

Competence-Focused Education Strategies” was again selected as a key 

project by the “11th Five-Year” National Education Science Development 

Plan, which largely magnified its impact as a significant experiement in 

Chinese educational reform (Yao, 2012).  

Under the auspices of the Ministry of Education of China, Chinese 

Society of Education, Chinese Society for Tao Xingzhi Studies, and other 

organizations, the NEI’s research outcomes have been put into practice 

through various devices, such as multi-agency co-ordination, cross-regional 

collaboration, and project-based cooperation. Particularly, the establishment 

of NEI experimental zones gave new impetus to the NEI’s development. NEI 

experimental zones have been developed in Rizhao City in Shandong 

Province, Lanzhou City in Gansu Province, Haimen District of Nantong City 

in Jiangsu Province, Jiangxian County in Shanxi Province, and many other 

regions. NEI experiments in these regions have achieved remarkable results, 

with significant demonstration value for the program’s further expansion 

(Zhu, 2017).  

To assist the NEI’s advancement, institutions like the Suzhou New 

Education Research Institute and the Jiangsu Changming Education 

Foundation (New Education Foundation) have been successively set up, 

forming a comprehensive system supporting NEI research, training, and 

development. These institutions are leading various dedicated research teams, 

such as New Reading Research and New Life Education Research. They all 

work towards the continual advancement of the NEI, though each with its 

own research area (Zhu, 2021b)  

The NEI community places high value on communication and 

exchanges in advancing their program. The first NEI seminar took place in 

2003 in Kunshan Yufeng Experimental School, the first NEI experimental 

school. Subsequently, the NEI seminar was held annually by the names of 

the “New Education Annual Conference,” “NEI International Forum,” 

“Sino-American NEI Forum,” etc. Each seminar is centered on a distinct 

theme, such as “teacher-student co-reading, co-writing, and co-living,” or 

“writing the magnificent lives of teachers” and “campus culture, the soul of 



Zhou. (USA). The New Education Initiative in China. 

BECE, Vol.19, No.2, 2025 1950 

the school.” Themes like these not only mirrored the work priorities of the 

NEI program in different periods but also sparked meaningful conversations 

in the education world (Zhu, 2021b).  

Impacts and Accolades 

As a result of more than two decades of persistent work, the NEI has now 

become the most impactful non-governmental education reform program, 

with 196 county-level NEI experimental zones and over 9,000 NEI 

experimental schools, reaching approximately 8.9 million teachers and 

students (Zhu, 2022). The program has made a significant change to the 

educational ecosystem and enhanced the overall quality of education in 

certain regions while also making distinctive contributions to the 

improvement of educational equity and access as well as high-quality 

development of education in China. On the other hand, the NEI’s 

implementation has had challenges and difficulties in the context of China’s 

exam-focused culture, where the NEI’s philosophy appears somewhat 

idealistic with its emphasis on the students’ holistic development as well as 

their individuality. Moreover, regional disparities in educational resources, 

funding, and teaching quality also add complications to the spread of the 

NEI. Addressing these issues warrants not only innovative endeavors of the 

NEI community but also backing from the government and society at large. 

On top of its reputation as a progressive educational program in 

China, the NEI has also won high praise in the international education 

community. In April 2014, the World Innovation Summit for Education 

(WISE) listed the NEI among the world’s top 15 educational programs in 

that year, in recognition of its effort to innovate education (Zhu, 2021b). The 

Yidan Prize, known as the highest education accolade on earth, awarded its 

Prize for Education Development 2022 to Professor Zhu for his work in 

improving teaching quality and transforming learning outcomes in China 

(Zhu, 2022). This accolade is seen as praise for not only Zhu’s creative work 

but also for the NEI community’s contribution to education development. So 

far, Zhu’s monographs on education have been translated into 28 languages 

and published in more than 40 countries in the world. These publications 

have facilitated the world’s understanding of the NEI, serving as inspirations 

for his global peers in their educational reform endeavors. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

References





Zhou. (USA). The New Education Initiative in China. 

BECE, Vol.19, No.2, 2025 1952 

He, X. & Wu, W. (2019). How to implement 

the initiative of school reform: The 

change in classroom organization in 

Beijing National Day School and its 

implications. Contemporary Education 

Sciences, 2019(5), 82-85. Available at: 

https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstra

ct?v=6h6U53PWxNQ2qKZDBAQvM

BUZiTXm_RI6-G5ceTEJK8B4mf-

Bvt6fafJkFYNVyc_lBeVYrUDtvYqpl

SGQ_Rq-

aCsguzGklG71ui1Xie1xdV2mbUO0z-

5jSCA1vXPvsYomEdrIkBHHMd4LN

VQ11fvml_8VoOmxjTvErXFfhvBb21

AMBVQbf99bbSCkzG_wJuRk1rBQAt

XoWB4=&uniplatform=NZKPT&lang

uage=CH  

Li, H. (2006). The Localization of New 

Education in China (Doctoral 

Dissertation). East China Normal 

University. Available at: 

https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstra

ct?v=6h6U53PWxNQXw9bQGemtl6_

wNmn_HaTFqC0S-

krIcMCKFXI4e7H7hZTM3nvY2nmW

BzmHdMQuOQiUpfvHZoiH5f1XdSt_

E9nI-QgciXep1nESBy3jKX18nirSvD-

UaBjjvDqzHY2QrgC_T4yFI0rVuE57g

HO9f-

mXb2Du4QwszirdSibJiuFSvMSNEug

kXDP4&uniplatform=NZKPT&langua

ge=CHS  

Li, M. (2018). A case study of the “1+X” 

curriculum reform at Tsinghua 

University-Affiliated Primary School 

(master’s thesis). Bohai University. 

Available at: 

https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstra

ct?v=6h6U53PWxNT0_IxBmMZpZon

oa4H-

Xbyyc47qqpOiwsgxgEl3HCjwKmCJ8

0U8j3Q8fEU8BIFXZ8c9e4yjLroM6Ty

nQw-

GuLysecrOA_eVQDW7EQyXEnbp_m

xnyIvehpWZhxrztHFXhtzFzFhhIs2pq

WYcBQBm5yVSAaiaGKRCY0l0dr5e

TLDkZG0AyahM0_QLURJKPVOG0b

8=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=

CHS  

New Education Initiative Research Group & 

Zhang, R. (2006a). Theoretical and 

practical research on the New 

Education Initiative: A project report 

on the “Introduction and Practice of the 

New Education Theory” (I). Principals’ 

Journal, 2006(3), 15-21. Available at: 

https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstra

ct?v=4fayqqv3WFekgGIzR-KtJ-

VYAJQQWdfRDwS2JpKLNHIAiyH6

SBB9KvLRd5Jp71mvSU93VXeDPd6t

x2AIpprXY6xF_y7OVPc-

LHpm9U93wf_Vlzpn-

fqUsVcSV17WvZgBphwkmc8eFXZ54

VF0JJ4D2ruU117Frdii8WJ-W7z-

nGfb1hsWx0OYqPVurOTEc5TI&unip

latform=NZKPT&language=CHS  

New Education Initiative Research Group & 

Zhang, R. (2006b). Theoretical and 

practical research on the New 

Education Initiative: A project report 

on the “Introduction and Practice of the 

New Education Theory” (II). Principals’ 

Journal, 2006 (4), 24-28. Available at: 

https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstra

ct?v=4fayqqv3WFdHzJJ4i8kgWbpBx6

rvfBwUPZrBBgCEFpcEkTE6BZ_syB

x42dige0yyhIXCEZjN1Scnz6iWLO5y

Tfx7_CM81jaWw6ANCtT6jRG17DZb

eQhSOTgR6T7qvTiu4LmbLMpC8tmu

LaWUaVFgQh0S3gFYtHsKO2TffOl8

XIarckc4CDe4BLc7kMoOKAE3&uni

platform=NZKPT&language=CHS  

Qian, M. (2000). The educational crises 

necessitate reforms: With a discussion 

on the negative impacts of “exam-

focused education.” Tsinghua Journal 

of Education, 2000(4), 40-48. DOI: 

https://doi.org/10.14138/j.1001-

4519.2000.04.007.  

Ruan, G. (2009). Teaching Reform in 

Dulangkou Secondary School. Hunan 

Middle School Physics, 2009(7), 3-6. 

Available at: 

https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstra

ct?v=6h6U53PWxNS18k1N7RR41cp8

szoXIRVk-

0YmiiPmfz3jogIORwKnkh2LVatB-

MvLO2_F__nrY5JR6rtO7aOIY6je8Uy

P5brHsx7J-VwHcJzNHg-EYu1-

nJs48rbAUKkA8tHgQRGAIhGNRRb

CB4lH-

iHwGOkKEyIm5JWyfT4Nze2mhYss

XdHhQqiig-

a8wmHdaWPrLxm8vhM=&uniplatfor

m=NZKPT&language=CHS  

Russell, B. (2005). A History of Western 

Philosophy. (Chinese Edition). 

Changchun: Jilin University Press. 

Spencer, H. (2007). A Selection of Spencer’s 

Works on Education. (Chinese Edition). 

Beijing: People’s Education Press. 

Sukhomlynsky, V. (2010). Advice for 

Teachers. (Chinese Edition). Beijing: 

Education Science Publishing House. 

Tao, J. (2004). Empowering teachers and 

students with wisdom: Yongxin Zhu 

https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNQ2qKZDBAQvMBUZiTXm_RI6-G5ceTEJK8B4mf-Bvt6fafJkFYNVyc_lBeVYrUDtvYqplSGQ_Rq-aCsguzGklG71ui1Xie1xdV2mbUO0z-5jSCA1vXPvsYomEdrIkBHHMd4LNVQ11fvml_8VoOmxjTvErXFfhvBb21AMBVQbf99bbSCkzG_wJuRk1rBQAtXoWB4=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CH
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNQ2qKZDBAQvMBUZiTXm_RI6-G5ceTEJK8B4mf-Bvt6fafJkFYNVyc_lBeVYrUDtvYqplSGQ_Rq-aCsguzGklG71ui1Xie1xdV2mbUO0z-5jSCA1vXPvsYomEdrIkBHHMd4LNVQ11fvml_8VoOmxjTvErXFfhvBb21AMBVQbf99bbSCkzG_wJuRk1rBQAtXoWB4=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CH
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNQ2qKZDBAQvMBUZiTXm_RI6-G5ceTEJK8B4mf-Bvt6fafJkFYNVyc_lBeVYrUDtvYqplSGQ_Rq-aCsguzGklG71ui1Xie1xdV2mbUO0z-5jSCA1vXPvsYomEdrIkBHHMd4LNVQ11fvml_8VoOmxjTvErXFfhvBb21AMBVQbf99bbSCkzG_wJuRk1rBQAtXoWB4=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CH
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNQ2qKZDBAQvMBUZiTXm_RI6-G5ceTEJK8B4mf-Bvt6fafJkFYNVyc_lBeVYrUDtvYqplSGQ_Rq-aCsguzGklG71ui1Xie1xdV2mbUO0z-5jSCA1vXPvsYomEdrIkBHHMd4LNVQ11fvml_8VoOmxjTvErXFfhvBb21AMBVQbf99bbSCkzG_wJuRk1rBQAtXoWB4=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CH
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNQ2qKZDBAQvMBUZiTXm_RI6-G5ceTEJK8B4mf-Bvt6fafJkFYNVyc_lBeVYrUDtvYqplSGQ_Rq-aCsguzGklG71ui1Xie1xdV2mbUO0z-5jSCA1vXPvsYomEdrIkBHHMd4LNVQ11fvml_8VoOmxjTvErXFfhvBb21AMBVQbf99bbSCkzG_wJuRk1rBQAtXoWB4=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CH
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNQ2qKZDBAQvMBUZiTXm_RI6-G5ceTEJK8B4mf-Bvt6fafJkFYNVyc_lBeVYrUDtvYqplSGQ_Rq-aCsguzGklG71ui1Xie1xdV2mbUO0z-5jSCA1vXPvsYomEdrIkBHHMd4LNVQ11fvml_8VoOmxjTvErXFfhvBb21AMBVQbf99bbSCkzG_wJuRk1rBQAtXoWB4=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CH
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNQ2qKZDBAQvMBUZiTXm_RI6-G5ceTEJK8B4mf-Bvt6fafJkFYNVyc_lBeVYrUDtvYqplSGQ_Rq-aCsguzGklG71ui1Xie1xdV2mbUO0z-5jSCA1vXPvsYomEdrIkBHHMd4LNVQ11fvml_8VoOmxjTvErXFfhvBb21AMBVQbf99bbSCkzG_wJuRk1rBQAtXoWB4=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CH
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNQ2qKZDBAQvMBUZiTXm_RI6-G5ceTEJK8B4mf-Bvt6fafJkFYNVyc_lBeVYrUDtvYqplSGQ_Rq-aCsguzGklG71ui1Xie1xdV2mbUO0z-5jSCA1vXPvsYomEdrIkBHHMd4LNVQ11fvml_8VoOmxjTvErXFfhvBb21AMBVQbf99bbSCkzG_wJuRk1rBQAtXoWB4=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CH
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNQ2qKZDBAQvMBUZiTXm_RI6-G5ceTEJK8B4mf-Bvt6fafJkFYNVyc_lBeVYrUDtvYqplSGQ_Rq-aCsguzGklG71ui1Xie1xdV2mbUO0z-5jSCA1vXPvsYomEdrIkBHHMd4LNVQ11fvml_8VoOmxjTvErXFfhvBb21AMBVQbf99bbSCkzG_wJuRk1rBQAtXoWB4=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CH
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNQ2qKZDBAQvMBUZiTXm_RI6-G5ceTEJK8B4mf-Bvt6fafJkFYNVyc_lBeVYrUDtvYqplSGQ_Rq-aCsguzGklG71ui1Xie1xdV2mbUO0z-5jSCA1vXPvsYomEdrIkBHHMd4LNVQ11fvml_8VoOmxjTvErXFfhvBb21AMBVQbf99bbSCkzG_wJuRk1rBQAtXoWB4=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CH
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNQ2qKZDBAQvMBUZiTXm_RI6-G5ceTEJK8B4mf-Bvt6fafJkFYNVyc_lBeVYrUDtvYqplSGQ_Rq-aCsguzGklG71ui1Xie1xdV2mbUO0z-5jSCA1vXPvsYomEdrIkBHHMd4LNVQ11fvml_8VoOmxjTvErXFfhvBb21AMBVQbf99bbSCkzG_wJuRk1rBQAtXoWB4=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CH
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNQXw9bQGemtl6_wNmn_HaTFqC0S-krIcMCKFXI4e7H7hZTM3nvY2nmWBzmHdMQuOQiUpfvHZoiH5f1XdSt_E9nI-QgciXep1nESBy3jKX18nirSvD-UaBjjvDqzHY2QrgC_T4yFI0rVuE57gHO9f-mXb2Du4QwszirdSibJiuFSvMSNEugkXDP4&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNQXw9bQGemtl6_wNmn_HaTFqC0S-krIcMCKFXI4e7H7hZTM3nvY2nmWBzmHdMQuOQiUpfvHZoiH5f1XdSt_E9nI-QgciXep1nESBy3jKX18nirSvD-UaBjjvDqzHY2QrgC_T4yFI0rVuE57gHO9f-mXb2Du4QwszirdSibJiuFSvMSNEugkXDP4&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNQXw9bQGemtl6_wNmn_HaTFqC0S-krIcMCKFXI4e7H7hZTM3nvY2nmWBzmHdMQuOQiUpfvHZoiH5f1XdSt_E9nI-QgciXep1nESBy3jKX18nirSvD-UaBjjvDqzHY2QrgC_T4yFI0rVuE57gHO9f-mXb2Du4QwszirdSibJiuFSvMSNEugkXDP4&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNQXw9bQGemtl6_wNmn_HaTFqC0S-krIcMCKFXI4e7H7hZTM3nvY2nmWBzmHdMQuOQiUpfvHZoiH5f1XdSt_E9nI-QgciXep1nESBy3jKX18nirSvD-UaBjjvDqzHY2QrgC_T4yFI0rVuE57gHO9f-mXb2Du4QwszirdSibJiuFSvMSNEugkXDP4&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNQXw9bQGemtl6_wNmn_HaTFqC0S-krIcMCKFXI4e7H7hZTM3nvY2nmWBzmHdMQuOQiUpfvHZoiH5f1XdSt_E9nI-QgciXep1nESBy3jKX18nirSvD-UaBjjvDqzHY2QrgC_T4yFI0rVuE57gHO9f-mXb2Du4QwszirdSibJiuFSvMSNEugkXDP4&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNQXw9bQGemtl6_wNmn_HaTFqC0S-krIcMCKFXI4e7H7hZTM3nvY2nmWBzmHdMQuOQiUpfvHZoiH5f1XdSt_E9nI-QgciXep1nESBy3jKX18nirSvD-UaBjjvDqzHY2QrgC_T4yFI0rVuE57gHO9f-mXb2Du4QwszirdSibJiuFSvMSNEugkXDP4&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNQXw9bQGemtl6_wNmn_HaTFqC0S-krIcMCKFXI4e7H7hZTM3nvY2nmWBzmHdMQuOQiUpfvHZoiH5f1XdSt_E9nI-QgciXep1nESBy3jKX18nirSvD-UaBjjvDqzHY2QrgC_T4yFI0rVuE57gHO9f-mXb2Du4QwszirdSibJiuFSvMSNEugkXDP4&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNQXw9bQGemtl6_wNmn_HaTFqC0S-krIcMCKFXI4e7H7hZTM3nvY2nmWBzmHdMQuOQiUpfvHZoiH5f1XdSt_E9nI-QgciXep1nESBy3jKX18nirSvD-UaBjjvDqzHY2QrgC_T4yFI0rVuE57gHO9f-mXb2Du4QwszirdSibJiuFSvMSNEugkXDP4&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNQXw9bQGemtl6_wNmn_HaTFqC0S-krIcMCKFXI4e7H7hZTM3nvY2nmWBzmHdMQuOQiUpfvHZoiH5f1XdSt_E9nI-QgciXep1nESBy3jKX18nirSvD-UaBjjvDqzHY2QrgC_T4yFI0rVuE57gHO9f-mXb2Du4QwszirdSibJiuFSvMSNEugkXDP4&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNQXw9bQGemtl6_wNmn_HaTFqC0S-krIcMCKFXI4e7H7hZTM3nvY2nmWBzmHdMQuOQiUpfvHZoiH5f1XdSt_E9nI-QgciXep1nESBy3jKX18nirSvD-UaBjjvDqzHY2QrgC_T4yFI0rVuE57gHO9f-mXb2Du4QwszirdSibJiuFSvMSNEugkXDP4&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNQXw9bQGemtl6_wNmn_HaTFqC0S-krIcMCKFXI4e7H7hZTM3nvY2nmWBzmHdMQuOQiUpfvHZoiH5f1XdSt_E9nI-QgciXep1nESBy3jKX18nirSvD-UaBjjvDqzHY2QrgC_T4yFI0rVuE57gHO9f-mXb2Du4QwszirdSibJiuFSvMSNEugkXDP4&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNT0_IxBmMZpZonoa4H-Xbyyc47qqpOiwsgxgEl3HCjwKmCJ80U8j3Q8fEU8BIFXZ8c9e4yjLroM6TynQw-GuLysecrOA_eVQDW7EQyXEnbp_mxnyIvehpWZhxrztHFXhtzFzFhhIs2pqWYcBQBm5yVSAaiaGKRCY0l0dr5eTLDkZG0AyahM0_QLURJKPVOG0b8=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNT0_IxBmMZpZonoa4H-Xbyyc47qqpOiwsgxgEl3HCjwKmCJ80U8j3Q8fEU8BIFXZ8c9e4yjLroM6TynQw-GuLysecrOA_eVQDW7EQyXEnbp_mxnyIvehpWZhxrztHFXhtzFzFhhIs2pqWYcBQBm5yVSAaiaGKRCY0l0dr5eTLDkZG0AyahM0_QLURJKPVOG0b8=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNT0_IxBmMZpZonoa4H-Xbyyc47qqpOiwsgxgEl3HCjwKmCJ80U8j3Q8fEU8BIFXZ8c9e4yjLroM6TynQw-GuLysecrOA_eVQDW7EQyXEnbp_mxnyIvehpWZhxrztHFXhtzFzFhhIs2pqWYcBQBm5yVSAaiaGKRCY0l0dr5eTLDkZG0AyahM0_QLURJKPVOG0b8=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNT0_IxBmMZpZonoa4H-Xbyyc47qqpOiwsgxgEl3HCjwKmCJ80U8j3Q8fEU8BIFXZ8c9e4yjLroM6TynQw-GuLysecrOA_eVQDW7EQyXEnbp_mxnyIvehpWZhxrztHFXhtzFzFhhIs2pqWYcBQBm5yVSAaiaGKRCY0l0dr5eTLDkZG0AyahM0_QLURJKPVOG0b8=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNT0_IxBmMZpZonoa4H-Xbyyc47qqpOiwsgxgEl3HCjwKmCJ80U8j3Q8fEU8BIFXZ8c9e4yjLroM6TynQw-GuLysecrOA_eVQDW7EQyXEnbp_mxnyIvehpWZhxrztHFXhtzFzFhhIs2pqWYcBQBm5yVSAaiaGKRCY0l0dr5eTLDkZG0AyahM0_QLURJKPVOG0b8=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNT0_IxBmMZpZonoa4H-Xbyyc47qqpOiwsgxgEl3HCjwKmCJ80U8j3Q8fEU8BIFXZ8c9e4yjLroM6TynQw-GuLysecrOA_eVQDW7EQyXEnbp_mxnyIvehpWZhxrztHFXhtzFzFhhIs2pqWYcBQBm5yVSAaiaGKRCY0l0dr5eTLDkZG0AyahM0_QLURJKPVOG0b8=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNT0_IxBmMZpZonoa4H-Xbyyc47qqpOiwsgxgEl3HCjwKmCJ80U8j3Q8fEU8BIFXZ8c9e4yjLroM6TynQw-GuLysecrOA_eVQDW7EQyXEnbp_mxnyIvehpWZhxrztHFXhtzFzFhhIs2pqWYcBQBm5yVSAaiaGKRCY0l0dr5eTLDkZG0AyahM0_QLURJKPVOG0b8=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNT0_IxBmMZpZonoa4H-Xbyyc47qqpOiwsgxgEl3HCjwKmCJ80U8j3Q8fEU8BIFXZ8c9e4yjLroM6TynQw-GuLysecrOA_eVQDW7EQyXEnbp_mxnyIvehpWZhxrztHFXhtzFzFhhIs2pqWYcBQBm5yVSAaiaGKRCY0l0dr5eTLDkZG0AyahM0_QLURJKPVOG0b8=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNT0_IxBmMZpZonoa4H-Xbyyc47qqpOiwsgxgEl3HCjwKmCJ80U8j3Q8fEU8BIFXZ8c9e4yjLroM6TynQw-GuLysecrOA_eVQDW7EQyXEnbp_mxnyIvehpWZhxrztHFXhtzFzFhhIs2pqWYcBQBm5yVSAaiaGKRCY0l0dr5eTLDkZG0AyahM0_QLURJKPVOG0b8=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNT0_IxBmMZpZonoa4H-Xbyyc47qqpOiwsgxgEl3HCjwKmCJ80U8j3Q8fEU8BIFXZ8c9e4yjLroM6TynQw-GuLysecrOA_eVQDW7EQyXEnbp_mxnyIvehpWZhxrztHFXhtzFzFhhIs2pqWYcBQBm5yVSAaiaGKRCY0l0dr5eTLDkZG0AyahM0_QLURJKPVOG0b8=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNT0_IxBmMZpZonoa4H-Xbyyc47qqpOiwsgxgEl3HCjwKmCJ80U8j3Q8fEU8BIFXZ8c9e4yjLroM6TynQw-GuLysecrOA_eVQDW7EQyXEnbp_mxnyIvehpWZhxrztHFXhtzFzFhhIs2pqWYcBQBm5yVSAaiaGKRCY0l0dr5eTLDkZG0AyahM0_QLURJKPVOG0b8=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNT0_IxBmMZpZonoa4H-Xbyyc47qqpOiwsgxgEl3HCjwKmCJ80U8j3Q8fEU8BIFXZ8c9e4yjLroM6TynQw-GuLysecrOA_eVQDW7EQyXEnbp_mxnyIvehpWZhxrztHFXhtzFzFhhIs2pqWYcBQBm5yVSAaiaGKRCY0l0dr5eTLDkZG0AyahM0_QLURJKPVOG0b8=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=4fayqqv3WFekgGIzR-KtJ-VYAJQQWdfRDwS2JpKLNHIAiyH6SBB9KvLRd5Jp71mvSU93VXeDPd6tx2AIpprXY6xF_y7OVPc-LHpm9U93wf_Vlzpn-fqUsVcSV17WvZgBphwkmc8eFXZ54VF0JJ4D2ruU117Frdii8WJ-W7z-nGfb1hsWx0OYqPVurOTEc5TI&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=4fayqqv3WFekgGIzR-KtJ-VYAJQQWdfRDwS2JpKLNHIAiyH6SBB9KvLRd5Jp71mvSU93VXeDPd6tx2AIpprXY6xF_y7OVPc-LHpm9U93wf_Vlzpn-fqUsVcSV17WvZgBphwkmc8eFXZ54VF0JJ4D2ruU117Frdii8WJ-W7z-nGfb1hsWx0OYqPVurOTEc5TI&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=4fayqqv3WFekgGIzR-KtJ-VYAJQQWdfRDwS2JpKLNHIAiyH6SBB9KvLRd5Jp71mvSU93VXeDPd6tx2AIpprXY6xF_y7OVPc-LHpm9U93wf_Vlzpn-fqUsVcSV17WvZgBphwkmc8eFXZ54VF0JJ4D2ruU117Frdii8WJ-W7z-nGfb1hsWx0OYqPVurOTEc5TI&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=4fayqqv3WFekgGIzR-KtJ-VYAJQQWdfRDwS2JpKLNHIAiyH6SBB9KvLRd5Jp71mvSU93VXeDPd6tx2AIpprXY6xF_y7OVPc-LHpm9U93wf_Vlzpn-fqUsVcSV17WvZgBphwkmc8eFXZ54VF0JJ4D2ruU117Frdii8WJ-W7z-nGfb1hsWx0OYqPVurOTEc5TI&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=4fayqqv3WFekgGIzR-KtJ-VYAJQQWdfRDwS2JpKLNHIAiyH6SBB9KvLRd5Jp71mvSU93VXeDPd6tx2AIpprXY6xF_y7OVPc-LHpm9U93wf_Vlzpn-fqUsVcSV17WvZgBphwkmc8eFXZ54VF0JJ4D2ruU117Frdii8WJ-W7z-nGfb1hsWx0OYqPVurOTEc5TI&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=4fayqqv3WFekgGIzR-KtJ-VYAJQQWdfRDwS2JpKLNHIAiyH6SBB9KvLRd5Jp71mvSU93VXeDPd6tx2AIpprXY6xF_y7OVPc-LHpm9U93wf_Vlzpn-fqUsVcSV17WvZgBphwkmc8eFXZ54VF0JJ4D2ruU117Frdii8WJ-W7z-nGfb1hsWx0OYqPVurOTEc5TI&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=4fayqqv3WFekgGIzR-KtJ-VYAJQQWdfRDwS2JpKLNHIAiyH6SBB9KvLRd5Jp71mvSU93VXeDPd6tx2AIpprXY6xF_y7OVPc-LHpm9U93wf_Vlzpn-fqUsVcSV17WvZgBphwkmc8eFXZ54VF0JJ4D2ruU117Frdii8WJ-W7z-nGfb1hsWx0OYqPVurOTEc5TI&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=4fayqqv3WFekgGIzR-KtJ-VYAJQQWdfRDwS2JpKLNHIAiyH6SBB9KvLRd5Jp71mvSU93VXeDPd6tx2AIpprXY6xF_y7OVPc-LHpm9U93wf_Vlzpn-fqUsVcSV17WvZgBphwkmc8eFXZ54VF0JJ4D2ruU117Frdii8WJ-W7z-nGfb1hsWx0OYqPVurOTEc5TI&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=4fayqqv3WFekgGIzR-KtJ-VYAJQQWdfRDwS2JpKLNHIAiyH6SBB9KvLRd5Jp71mvSU93VXeDPd6tx2AIpprXY6xF_y7OVPc-LHpm9U93wf_Vlzpn-fqUsVcSV17WvZgBphwkmc8eFXZ54VF0JJ4D2ruU117Frdii8WJ-W7z-nGfb1hsWx0OYqPVurOTEc5TI&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=4fayqqv3WFekgGIzR-KtJ-VYAJQQWdfRDwS2JpKLNHIAiyH6SBB9KvLRd5Jp71mvSU93VXeDPd6tx2AIpprXY6xF_y7OVPc-LHpm9U93wf_Vlzpn-fqUsVcSV17WvZgBphwkmc8eFXZ54VF0JJ4D2ruU117Frdii8WJ-W7z-nGfb1hsWx0OYqPVurOTEc5TI&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=4fayqqv3WFdHzJJ4i8kgWbpBx6rvfBwUPZrBBgCEFpcEkTE6BZ_syBx42dige0yyhIXCEZjN1Scnz6iWLO5yTfx7_CM81jaWw6ANCtT6jRG17DZbeQhSOTgR6T7qvTiu4LmbLMpC8tmuLaWUaVFgQh0S3gFYtHsKO2TffOl8XIarckc4CDe4BLc7kMoOKAE3&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=4fayqqv3WFdHzJJ4i8kgWbpBx6rvfBwUPZrBBgCEFpcEkTE6BZ_syBx42dige0yyhIXCEZjN1Scnz6iWLO5yTfx7_CM81jaWw6ANCtT6jRG17DZbeQhSOTgR6T7qvTiu4LmbLMpC8tmuLaWUaVFgQh0S3gFYtHsKO2TffOl8XIarckc4CDe4BLc7kMoOKAE3&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=4fayqqv3WFdHzJJ4i8kgWbpBx6rvfBwUPZrBBgCEFpcEkTE6BZ_syBx42dige0yyhIXCEZjN1Scnz6iWLO5yTfx7_CM81jaWw6ANCtT6jRG17DZbeQhSOTgR6T7qvTiu4LmbLMpC8tmuLaWUaVFgQh0S3gFYtHsKO2TffOl8XIarckc4CDe4BLc7kMoOKAE3&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=4fayqqv3WFdHzJJ4i8kgWbpBx6rvfBwUPZrBBgCEFpcEkTE6BZ_syBx42dige0yyhIXCEZjN1Scnz6iWLO5yTfx7_CM81jaWw6ANCtT6jRG17DZbeQhSOTgR6T7qvTiu4LmbLMpC8tmuLaWUaVFgQh0S3gFYtHsKO2TffOl8XIarckc4CDe4BLc7kMoOKAE3&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=4fayqqv3WFdHzJJ4i8kgWbpBx6rvfBwUPZrBBgCEFpcEkTE6BZ_syBx42dige0yyhIXCEZjN1Scnz6iWLO5yTfx7_CM81jaWw6ANCtT6jRG17DZbeQhSOTgR6T7qvTiu4LmbLMpC8tmuLaWUaVFgQh0S3gFYtHsKO2TffOl8XIarckc4CDe4BLc7kMoOKAE3&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=4fayqqv3WFdHzJJ4i8kgWbpBx6rvfBwUPZrBBgCEFpcEkTE6BZ_syBx42dige0yyhIXCEZjN1Scnz6iWLO5yTfx7_CM81jaWw6ANCtT6jRG17DZbeQhSOTgR6T7qvTiu4LmbLMpC8tmuLaWUaVFgQh0S3gFYtHsKO2TffOl8XIarckc4CDe4BLc7kMoOKAE3&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=4fayqqv3WFdHzJJ4i8kgWbpBx6rvfBwUPZrBBgCEFpcEkTE6BZ_syBx42dige0yyhIXCEZjN1Scnz6iWLO5yTfx7_CM81jaWw6ANCtT6jRG17DZbeQhSOTgR6T7qvTiu4LmbLMpC8tmuLaWUaVFgQh0S3gFYtHsKO2TffOl8XIarckc4CDe4BLc7kMoOKAE3&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=4fayqqv3WFdHzJJ4i8kgWbpBx6rvfBwUPZrBBgCEFpcEkTE6BZ_syBx42dige0yyhIXCEZjN1Scnz6iWLO5yTfx7_CM81jaWw6ANCtT6jRG17DZbeQhSOTgR6T7qvTiu4LmbLMpC8tmuLaWUaVFgQh0S3gFYtHsKO2TffOl8XIarckc4CDe4BLc7kMoOKAE3&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=4fayqqv3WFdHzJJ4i8kgWbpBx6rvfBwUPZrBBgCEFpcEkTE6BZ_syBx42dige0yyhIXCEZjN1Scnz6iWLO5yTfx7_CM81jaWw6ANCtT6jRG17DZbeQhSOTgR6T7qvTiu4LmbLMpC8tmuLaWUaVFgQh0S3gFYtHsKO2TffOl8XIarckc4CDe4BLc7kMoOKAE3&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://doi.org/10.14138/j.1001-4519.2000.04.007
https://doi.org/10.14138/j.1001-4519.2000.04.007
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNS18k1N7RR41cp8szoXIRVk-0YmiiPmfz3jogIORwKnkh2LVatB-MvLO2_F__nrY5JR6rtO7aOIY6je8UyP5brHsx7J-VwHcJzNHg-EYu1-nJs48rbAUKkA8tHgQRGAIhGNRRbCB4lH-iHwGOkKEyIm5JWyfT4Nze2mhYssXdHhQqiig-a8wmHdaWPrLxm8vhM=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNS18k1N7RR41cp8szoXIRVk-0YmiiPmfz3jogIORwKnkh2LVatB-MvLO2_F__nrY5JR6rtO7aOIY6je8UyP5brHsx7J-VwHcJzNHg-EYu1-nJs48rbAUKkA8tHgQRGAIhGNRRbCB4lH-iHwGOkKEyIm5JWyfT4Nze2mhYssXdHhQqiig-a8wmHdaWPrLxm8vhM=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNS18k1N7RR41cp8szoXIRVk-0YmiiPmfz3jogIORwKnkh2LVatB-MvLO2_F__nrY5JR6rtO7aOIY6je8UyP5brHsx7J-VwHcJzNHg-EYu1-nJs48rbAUKkA8tHgQRGAIhGNRRbCB4lH-iHwGOkKEyIm5JWyfT4Nze2mhYssXdHhQqiig-a8wmHdaWPrLxm8vhM=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNS18k1N7RR41cp8szoXIRVk-0YmiiPmfz3jogIORwKnkh2LVatB-MvLO2_F__nrY5JR6rtO7aOIY6je8UyP5brHsx7J-VwHcJzNHg-EYu1-nJs48rbAUKkA8tHgQRGAIhGNRRbCB4lH-iHwGOkKEyIm5JWyfT4Nze2mhYssXdHhQqiig-a8wmHdaWPrLxm8vhM=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNS18k1N7RR41cp8szoXIRVk-0YmiiPmfz3jogIORwKnkh2LVatB-MvLO2_F__nrY5JR6rtO7aOIY6je8UyP5brHsx7J-VwHcJzNHg-EYu1-nJs48rbAUKkA8tHgQRGAIhGNRRbCB4lH-iHwGOkKEyIm5JWyfT4Nze2mhYssXdHhQqiig-a8wmHdaWPrLxm8vhM=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNS18k1N7RR41cp8szoXIRVk-0YmiiPmfz3jogIORwKnkh2LVatB-MvLO2_F__nrY5JR6rtO7aOIY6je8UyP5brHsx7J-VwHcJzNHg-EYu1-nJs48rbAUKkA8tHgQRGAIhGNRRbCB4lH-iHwGOkKEyIm5JWyfT4Nze2mhYssXdHhQqiig-a8wmHdaWPrLxm8vhM=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNS18k1N7RR41cp8szoXIRVk-0YmiiPmfz3jogIORwKnkh2LVatB-MvLO2_F__nrY5JR6rtO7aOIY6je8UyP5brHsx7J-VwHcJzNHg-EYu1-nJs48rbAUKkA8tHgQRGAIhGNRRbCB4lH-iHwGOkKEyIm5JWyfT4Nze2mhYssXdHhQqiig-a8wmHdaWPrLxm8vhM=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNS18k1N7RR41cp8szoXIRVk-0YmiiPmfz3jogIORwKnkh2LVatB-MvLO2_F__nrY5JR6rtO7aOIY6je8UyP5brHsx7J-VwHcJzNHg-EYu1-nJs48rbAUKkA8tHgQRGAIhGNRRbCB4lH-iHwGOkKEyIm5JWyfT4Nze2mhYssXdHhQqiig-a8wmHdaWPrLxm8vhM=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNS18k1N7RR41cp8szoXIRVk-0YmiiPmfz3jogIORwKnkh2LVatB-MvLO2_F__nrY5JR6rtO7aOIY6je8UyP5brHsx7J-VwHcJzNHg-EYu1-nJs48rbAUKkA8tHgQRGAIhGNRRbCB4lH-iHwGOkKEyIm5JWyfT4Nze2mhYssXdHhQqiig-a8wmHdaWPrLxm8vhM=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNS18k1N7RR41cp8szoXIRVk-0YmiiPmfz3jogIORwKnkh2LVatB-MvLO2_F__nrY5JR6rtO7aOIY6je8UyP5brHsx7J-VwHcJzNHg-EYu1-nJs48rbAUKkA8tHgQRGAIhGNRRbCB4lH-iHwGOkKEyIm5JWyfT4Nze2mhYssXdHhQqiig-a8wmHdaWPrLxm8vhM=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNS18k1N7RR41cp8szoXIRVk-0YmiiPmfz3jogIORwKnkh2LVatB-MvLO2_F__nrY5JR6rtO7aOIY6je8UyP5brHsx7J-VwHcJzNHg-EYu1-nJs48rbAUKkA8tHgQRGAIhGNRRbCB4lH-iHwGOkKEyIm5JWyfT4Nze2mhYssXdHhQqiig-a8wmHdaWPrLxm8vhM=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNS18k1N7RR41cp8szoXIRVk-0YmiiPmfz3jogIORwKnkh2LVatB-MvLO2_F__nrY5JR6rtO7aOIY6je8UyP5brHsx7J-VwHcJzNHg-EYu1-nJs48rbAUKkA8tHgQRGAIhGNRRbCB4lH-iHwGOkKEyIm5JWyfT4Nze2mhYssXdHhQqiig-a8wmHdaWPrLxm8vhM=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS


Zhou. (USA). The New Education Initiative in China. 

BECE, Vol.19, No.2, 2025 1953 

and the New Education Experiment. 

Contemporary Educational Sciences, 

2004(04), 9-13. 

https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstra

ct?v=14CuGbpFC1Bp6jeTA-

LXVjAG6ipPMCSUNqUtrs71c6FLbQ

gILXOWeeX31yNVbpcqZiXrAOKW

MW_mIq8z6mxGqLywqxCtB4KK-

oITW7me4AqttfIZveLw59XrlpIPIqYo

u0-

cJMU0tnNlhDV5bxtcrrVVa03yc1cvF

YXLHo0Ue4xOnCSCKxyQwoJpEXo8

6Y7Q&uniplatform=NZKPT&languag

e=CHS  

Wang, C. (2009). The New Education 

Movement in China 1912-1930 

(Doctoral Dissertation). Central China 

Normal University. Available at: 

https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstra

ct?v=6h6U53PWxNRgUgUg0MA9gU

Rs8hd7w6FYEk_zU_L08HpelGE3nBp

B5IIQ7ZgBg5ijHyXAZhlv_pVo5nCU

eITKlBgTU9HjUiVBSp_67aqPogtQA

2ojO-V2QmTRvV2ddckbTrQlcjpcM1-

WrUWtf-

5z2orjP5W4IO_EAytnSkaztGczLwfhC

5W8J3BDMFIvum-

u&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=C

HS  

Whitehead, A. N. (2014). The Aims of 

Education. (Chinese Edition). Shanghai: 

Joint Publishing House. 

Wu, M. (1999). Inheritance and Innovation 

(Doctoral Dissertation). Beijing 

Normal University. Available at: 

https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstra

ct?v=6h6U53PWxNTf6XHWHe2WNF

IIKWJo9iV9tStqTOWI3lka0Y1PntQQ

c38tgnVmixYojZW8mlcNM9YNw37f

mFlzfW2Wv1RL-

GEdNs3gxnRuFe2Fu6yfphDOacsnvluz

TBCPclMBfBxm3GRMvPXkPbawGU

Kk8U79-

QwCXfl6E_pkmBThfPqYdV7zRqBeln

yseSJy&uniplatform=NZKPT&langua

ge=CHS  

Yao, H. (2012). The New Education Initiative: 

Review, evaluation, and projection. 

Journal of Gansu Lianhe University 

(Natural Science Edition), 2012(S2), 1-

2+16. DOI: 

https://doi.org/10.13804/j.cnki.2095-

6991.2012.s2.001 . 

Ye, L. (2006). The New Basic Education 

Initiative: A Contemporary Reform of 

School Education in China. Beijing: 

Educational Science Publishing House. 

Zhang, R. (2017). Where did you come from 

and where did you go: An ontological 

analysis of the New Education Initative. 

Journal of Shanxi University 

(Philosophy and Social Sciences 

Edition), 2017(6), 66-78. DOI: 

https://doi.org/10.13451/j.cnki.shanxi.u

niv(phil.soc.).2017.06.010  

Zhu, Y. (1990). Predicaments and 

Transcendence: A Survey of 

Contemporary Chinese Education. 

Nanning: Guangxi People’s Publishing 

House. 

Zhu, Y. (1993). A Study of Chinese 

Educational Philosophy: Achievements 

and Contributions of Chinese 

Education Sciences. Nanjing: Jiangsu 

Education Publishing House. 

Zhu, Y. (2006). Live a happy and fulfilling 

education life. Beijing Education, 

2006(11), 1. Available at: 

https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstra

ct?v=4fayqqv3WFeTBgKqP5m84dKX

Nc_YW5YUSuIC_umBw5_D3q_J3cp

_WHN98IErMYrO91AAam-

MJeIU_Pg90F8eqEvWGJGswxOayO2

FiBxJ3gYZi8f4QePLAFeJyqf5dPEQu

ND40JJeAikgAY-

Y748q4kqB9XmpBH5Ah1qkmsEtKtkr

y-njjVvCu-

7rVH6AuvmByLVhdKAQ8k=&unipla

tform=NZKPT&language=CHS  

Zhu, Y. (2009). My Educational Ideals. Guilin: 

Lijiang Publishing House. 

Zhu, Y. (2017). The New Education Initiative: 

Exploring New Possibilities for 

Chinese Education. Beijing: China 

Renmin University Press 

Zhu, Y. (2019a). The New Education 

Initiative: An Example of Non-

Governmental Educational Reform in 

China. Beijing: China Renmin 

University Press. 

Zhu, Y. (2019b). The New Education 

Initiative and learning science. 

Education, 2019(Z1), 8-10. Available 

at: 

https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstra

ct?v=6h6U53PWxNTqXV7sXD09Cnc

gt8pHjr2CyAomAC30zma34-

ddLrEFSY0_5r8zqK3l2HbqDBfnhY_x

hCC-

tTiKMKl6lTwGKuHjKvEW6UzZdNV

UvAjHxG4xrCjxQKLriAg4KPkFEzxd

i67EwVFFrN4F_dA6cXnnN9mA4PF

GyvV6jdPuRfwsw92XC-

ecSDxmigU4ZpbAbT-

W2xE=&uniplatform=NZKPT&langua

ge=CHS  

https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=14CuGbpFC1Bp6jeTA-LXVjAG6ipPMCSUNqUtrs71c6FLbQgILXOWeeX31yNVbpcqZiXrAOKWMW_mIq8z6mxGqLywqxCtB4KK-oITW7me4AqttfIZveLw59XrlpIPIqYou0-cJMU0tnNlhDV5bxtcrrVVa03yc1cvFYXLHo0Ue4xOnCSCKxyQwoJpEXo86Y7Q&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=14CuGbpFC1Bp6jeTA-LXVjAG6ipPMCSUNqUtrs71c6FLbQgILXOWeeX31yNVbpcqZiXrAOKWMW_mIq8z6mxGqLywqxCtB4KK-oITW7me4AqttfIZveLw59XrlpIPIqYou0-cJMU0tnNlhDV5bxtcrrVVa03yc1cvFYXLHo0Ue4xOnCSCKxyQwoJpEXo86Y7Q&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=14CuGbpFC1Bp6jeTA-LXVjAG6ipPMCSUNqUtrs71c6FLbQgILXOWeeX31yNVbpcqZiXrAOKWMW_mIq8z6mxGqLywqxCtB4KK-oITW7me4AqttfIZveLw59XrlpIPIqYou0-cJMU0tnNlhDV5bxtcrrVVa03yc1cvFYXLHo0Ue4xOnCSCKxyQwoJpEXo86Y7Q&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=14CuGbpFC1Bp6jeTA-LXVjAG6ipPMCSUNqUtrs71c6FLbQgILXOWeeX31yNVbpcqZiXrAOKWMW_mIq8z6mxGqLywqxCtB4KK-oITW7me4AqttfIZveLw59XrlpIPIqYou0-cJMU0tnNlhDV5bxtcrrVVa03yc1cvFYXLHo0Ue4xOnCSCKxyQwoJpEXo86Y7Q&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=14CuGbpFC1Bp6jeTA-LXVjAG6ipPMCSUNqUtrs71c6FLbQgILXOWeeX31yNVbpcqZiXrAOKWMW_mIq8z6mxGqLywqxCtB4KK-oITW7me4AqttfIZveLw59XrlpIPIqYou0-cJMU0tnNlhDV5bxtcrrVVa03yc1cvFYXLHo0Ue4xOnCSCKxyQwoJpEXo86Y7Q&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=14CuGbpFC1Bp6jeTA-LXVjAG6ipPMCSUNqUtrs71c6FLbQgILXOWeeX31yNVbpcqZiXrAOKWMW_mIq8z6mxGqLywqxCtB4KK-oITW7me4AqttfIZveLw59XrlpIPIqYou0-cJMU0tnNlhDV5bxtcrrVVa03yc1cvFYXLHo0Ue4xOnCSCKxyQwoJpEXo86Y7Q&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=14CuGbpFC1Bp6jeTA-LXVjAG6ipPMCSUNqUtrs71c6FLbQgILXOWeeX31yNVbpcqZiXrAOKWMW_mIq8z6mxGqLywqxCtB4KK-oITW7me4AqttfIZveLw59XrlpIPIqYou0-cJMU0tnNlhDV5bxtcrrVVa03yc1cvFYXLHo0Ue4xOnCSCKxyQwoJpEXo86Y7Q&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=14CuGbpFC1Bp6jeTA-LXVjAG6ipPMCSUNqUtrs71c6FLbQgILXOWeeX31yNVbpcqZiXrAOKWMW_mIq8z6mxGqLywqxCtB4KK-oITW7me4AqttfIZveLw59XrlpIPIqYou0-cJMU0tnNlhDV5bxtcrrVVa03yc1cvFYXLHo0Ue4xOnCSCKxyQwoJpEXo86Y7Q&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=14CuGbpFC1Bp6jeTA-LXVjAG6ipPMCSUNqUtrs71c6FLbQgILXOWeeX31yNVbpcqZiXrAOKWMW_mIq8z6mxGqLywqxCtB4KK-oITW7me4AqttfIZveLw59XrlpIPIqYou0-cJMU0tnNlhDV5bxtcrrVVa03yc1cvFYXLHo0Ue4xOnCSCKxyQwoJpEXo86Y7Q&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=14CuGbpFC1Bp6jeTA-LXVjAG6ipPMCSUNqUtrs71c6FLbQgILXOWeeX31yNVbpcqZiXrAOKWMW_mIq8z6mxGqLywqxCtB4KK-oITW7me4AqttfIZveLw59XrlpIPIqYou0-cJMU0tnNlhDV5bxtcrrVVa03yc1cvFYXLHo0Ue4xOnCSCKxyQwoJpEXo86Y7Q&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=14CuGbpFC1Bp6jeTA-LXVjAG6ipPMCSUNqUtrs71c6FLbQgILXOWeeX31yNVbpcqZiXrAOKWMW_mIq8z6mxGqLywqxCtB4KK-oITW7me4AqttfIZveLw59XrlpIPIqYou0-cJMU0tnNlhDV5bxtcrrVVa03yc1cvFYXLHo0Ue4xOnCSCKxyQwoJpEXo86Y7Q&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNRgUgUg0MA9gURs8hd7w6FYEk_zU_L08HpelGE3nBpB5IIQ7ZgBg5ijHyXAZhlv_pVo5nCUeITKlBgTU9HjUiVBSp_67aqPogtQA2ojO-V2QmTRvV2ddckbTrQlcjpcM1-WrUWtf-5z2orjP5W4IO_EAytnSkaztGczLwfhC5W8J3BDMFIvum-u&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNRgUgUg0MA9gURs8hd7w6FYEk_zU_L08HpelGE3nBpB5IIQ7ZgBg5ijHyXAZhlv_pVo5nCUeITKlBgTU9HjUiVBSp_67aqPogtQA2ojO-V2QmTRvV2ddckbTrQlcjpcM1-WrUWtf-5z2orjP5W4IO_EAytnSkaztGczLwfhC5W8J3BDMFIvum-u&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNRgUgUg0MA9gURs8hd7w6FYEk_zU_L08HpelGE3nBpB5IIQ7ZgBg5ijHyXAZhlv_pVo5nCUeITKlBgTU9HjUiVBSp_67aqPogtQA2ojO-V2QmTRvV2ddckbTrQlcjpcM1-WrUWtf-5z2orjP5W4IO_EAytnSkaztGczLwfhC5W8J3BDMFIvum-u&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNRgUgUg0MA9gURs8hd7w6FYEk_zU_L08HpelGE3nBpB5IIQ7ZgBg5ijHyXAZhlv_pVo5nCUeITKlBgTU9HjUiVBSp_67aqPogtQA2ojO-V2QmTRvV2ddckbTrQlcjpcM1-WrUWtf-5z2orjP5W4IO_EAytnSkaztGczLwfhC5W8J3BDMFIvum-u&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNRgUgUg0MA9gURs8hd7w6FYEk_zU_L08HpelGE3nBpB5IIQ7ZgBg5ijHyXAZhlv_pVo5nCUeITKlBgTU9HjUiVBSp_67aqPogtQA2ojO-V2QmTRvV2ddckbTrQlcjpcM1-WrUWtf-5z2orjP5W4IO_EAytnSkaztGczLwfhC5W8J3BDMFIvum-u&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNRgUgUg0MA9gURs8hd7w6FYEk_zU_L08HpelGE3nBpB5IIQ7ZgBg5ijHyXAZhlv_pVo5nCUeITKlBgTU9HjUiVBSp_67aqPogtQA2ojO-V2QmTRvV2ddckbTrQlcjpcM1-WrUWtf-5z2orjP5W4IO_EAytnSkaztGczLwfhC5W8J3BDMFIvum-u&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNRgUgUg0MA9gURs8hd7w6FYEk_zU_L08HpelGE3nBpB5IIQ7ZgBg5ijHyXAZhlv_pVo5nCUeITKlBgTU9HjUiVBSp_67aqPogtQA2ojO-V2QmTRvV2ddckbTrQlcjpcM1-WrUWtf-5z2orjP5W4IO_EAytnSkaztGczLwfhC5W8J3BDMFIvum-u&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNRgUgUg0MA9gURs8hd7w6FYEk_zU_L08HpelGE3nBpB5IIQ7ZgBg5ijHyXAZhlv_pVo5nCUeITKlBgTU9HjUiVBSp_67aqPogtQA2ojO-V2QmTRvV2ddckbTrQlcjpcM1-WrUWtf-5z2orjP5W4IO_EAytnSkaztGczLwfhC5W8J3BDMFIvum-u&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNRgUgUg0MA9gURs8hd7w6FYEk_zU_L08HpelGE3nBpB5IIQ7ZgBg5ijHyXAZhlv_pVo5nCUeITKlBgTU9HjUiVBSp_67aqPogtQA2ojO-V2QmTRvV2ddckbTrQlcjpcM1-WrUWtf-5z2orjP5W4IO_EAytnSkaztGczLwfhC5W8J3BDMFIvum-u&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNRgUgUg0MA9gURs8hd7w6FYEk_zU_L08HpelGE3nBpB5IIQ7ZgBg5ijHyXAZhlv_pVo5nCUeITKlBgTU9HjUiVBSp_67aqPogtQA2ojO-V2QmTRvV2ddckbTrQlcjpcM1-WrUWtf-5z2orjP5W4IO_EAytnSkaztGczLwfhC5W8J3BDMFIvum-u&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNRgUgUg0MA9gURs8hd7w6FYEk_zU_L08HpelGE3nBpB5IIQ7ZgBg5ijHyXAZhlv_pVo5nCUeITKlBgTU9HjUiVBSp_67aqPogtQA2ojO-V2QmTRvV2ddckbTrQlcjpcM1-WrUWtf-5z2orjP5W4IO_EAytnSkaztGczLwfhC5W8J3BDMFIvum-u&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNTf6XHWHe2WNFIIKWJo9iV9tStqTOWI3lka0Y1PntQQc38tgnVmixYojZW8mlcNM9YNw37fmFlzfW2Wv1RL-GEdNs3gxnRuFe2Fu6yfphDOacsnvluzTBCPclMBfBxm3GRMvPXkPbawGUKk8U79-QwCXfl6E_pkmBThfPqYdV7zRqBelnyseSJy&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNTf6XHWHe2WNFIIKWJo9iV9tStqTOWI3lka0Y1PntQQc38tgnVmixYojZW8mlcNM9YNw37fmFlzfW2Wv1RL-GEdNs3gxnRuFe2Fu6yfphDOacsnvluzTBCPclMBfBxm3GRMvPXkPbawGUKk8U79-QwCXfl6E_pkmBThfPqYdV7zRqBelnyseSJy&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNTf6XHWHe2WNFIIKWJo9iV9tStqTOWI3lka0Y1PntQQc38tgnVmixYojZW8mlcNM9YNw37fmFlzfW2Wv1RL-GEdNs3gxnRuFe2Fu6yfphDOacsnvluzTBCPclMBfBxm3GRMvPXkPbawGUKk8U79-QwCXfl6E_pkmBThfPqYdV7zRqBelnyseSJy&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNTf6XHWHe2WNFIIKWJo9iV9tStqTOWI3lka0Y1PntQQc38tgnVmixYojZW8mlcNM9YNw37fmFlzfW2Wv1RL-GEdNs3gxnRuFe2Fu6yfphDOacsnvluzTBCPclMBfBxm3GRMvPXkPbawGUKk8U79-QwCXfl6E_pkmBThfPqYdV7zRqBelnyseSJy&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNTf6XHWHe2WNFIIKWJo9iV9tStqTOWI3lka0Y1PntQQc38tgnVmixYojZW8mlcNM9YNw37fmFlzfW2Wv1RL-GEdNs3gxnRuFe2Fu6yfphDOacsnvluzTBCPclMBfBxm3GRMvPXkPbawGUKk8U79-QwCXfl6E_pkmBThfPqYdV7zRqBelnyseSJy&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNTf6XHWHe2WNFIIKWJo9iV9tStqTOWI3lka0Y1PntQQc38tgnVmixYojZW8mlcNM9YNw37fmFlzfW2Wv1RL-GEdNs3gxnRuFe2Fu6yfphDOacsnvluzTBCPclMBfBxm3GRMvPXkPbawGUKk8U79-QwCXfl6E_pkmBThfPqYdV7zRqBelnyseSJy&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNTf6XHWHe2WNFIIKWJo9iV9tStqTOWI3lka0Y1PntQQc38tgnVmixYojZW8mlcNM9YNw37fmFlzfW2Wv1RL-GEdNs3gxnRuFe2Fu6yfphDOacsnvluzTBCPclMBfBxm3GRMvPXkPbawGUKk8U79-QwCXfl6E_pkmBThfPqYdV7zRqBelnyseSJy&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNTf6XHWHe2WNFIIKWJo9iV9tStqTOWI3lka0Y1PntQQc38tgnVmixYojZW8mlcNM9YNw37fmFlzfW2Wv1RL-GEdNs3gxnRuFe2Fu6yfphDOacsnvluzTBCPclMBfBxm3GRMvPXkPbawGUKk8U79-QwCXfl6E_pkmBThfPqYdV7zRqBelnyseSJy&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNTf6XHWHe2WNFIIKWJo9iV9tStqTOWI3lka0Y1PntQQc38tgnVmixYojZW8mlcNM9YNw37fmFlzfW2Wv1RL-GEdNs3gxnRuFe2Fu6yfphDOacsnvluzTBCPclMBfBxm3GRMvPXkPbawGUKk8U79-QwCXfl6E_pkmBThfPqYdV7zRqBelnyseSJy&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNTf6XHWHe2WNFIIKWJo9iV9tStqTOWI3lka0Y1PntQQc38tgnVmixYojZW8mlcNM9YNw37fmFlzfW2Wv1RL-GEdNs3gxnRuFe2Fu6yfphDOacsnvluzTBCPclMBfBxm3GRMvPXkPbawGUKk8U79-QwCXfl6E_pkmBThfPqYdV7zRqBelnyseSJy&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNTf6XHWHe2WNFIIKWJo9iV9tStqTOWI3lka0Y1PntQQc38tgnVmixYojZW8mlcNM9YNw37fmFlzfW2Wv1RL-GEdNs3gxnRuFe2Fu6yfphDOacsnvluzTBCPclMBfBxm3GRMvPXkPbawGUKk8U79-QwCXfl6E_pkmBThfPqYdV7zRqBelnyseSJy&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://doi.org/10.13804/j.cnki.2095-6991.2012.s2.001
https://doi.org/10.13804/j.cnki.2095-6991.2012.s2.001
https://doi.org/10.13451/j.cnki.shanxi.univ(phil.soc.).2017.06.010
https://doi.org/10.13451/j.cnki.shanxi.univ(phil.soc.).2017.06.010
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=4fayqqv3WFeTBgKqP5m84dKXNc_YW5YUSuIC_umBw5_D3q_J3cp_WHN98IErMYrO91AAam-MJeIU_Pg90F8eqEvWGJGswxOayO2FiBxJ3gYZi8f4QePLAFeJyqf5dPEQuND40JJeAikgAY-Y748q4kqB9XmpBH5Ah1qkmsEtKtkry-njjVvCu-7rVH6AuvmByLVhdKAQ8k=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=4fayqqv3WFeTBgKqP5m84dKXNc_YW5YUSuIC_umBw5_D3q_J3cp_WHN98IErMYrO91AAam-MJeIU_Pg90F8eqEvWGJGswxOayO2FiBxJ3gYZi8f4QePLAFeJyqf5dPEQuND40JJeAikgAY-Y748q4kqB9XmpBH5Ah1qkmsEtKtkry-njjVvCu-7rVH6AuvmByLVhdKAQ8k=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=4fayqqv3WFeTBgKqP5m84dKXNc_YW5YUSuIC_umBw5_D3q_J3cp_WHN98IErMYrO91AAam-MJeIU_Pg90F8eqEvWGJGswxOayO2FiBxJ3gYZi8f4QePLAFeJyqf5dPEQuND40JJeAikgAY-Y748q4kqB9XmpBH5Ah1qkmsEtKtkry-njjVvCu-7rVH6AuvmByLVhdKAQ8k=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=4fayqqv3WFeTBgKqP5m84dKXNc_YW5YUSuIC_umBw5_D3q_J3cp_WHN98IErMYrO91AAam-MJeIU_Pg90F8eqEvWGJGswxOayO2FiBxJ3gYZi8f4QePLAFeJyqf5dPEQuND40JJeAikgAY-Y748q4kqB9XmpBH5Ah1qkmsEtKtkry-njjVvCu-7rVH6AuvmByLVhdKAQ8k=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=4fayqqv3WFeTBgKqP5m84dKXNc_YW5YUSuIC_umBw5_D3q_J3cp_WHN98IErMYrO91AAam-MJeIU_Pg90F8eqEvWGJGswxOayO2FiBxJ3gYZi8f4QePLAFeJyqf5dPEQuND40JJeAikgAY-Y748q4kqB9XmpBH5Ah1qkmsEtKtkry-njjVvCu-7rVH6AuvmByLVhdKAQ8k=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=4fayqqv3WFeTBgKqP5m84dKXNc_YW5YUSuIC_umBw5_D3q_J3cp_WHN98IErMYrO91AAam-MJeIU_Pg90F8eqEvWGJGswxOayO2FiBxJ3gYZi8f4QePLAFeJyqf5dPEQuND40JJeAikgAY-Y748q4kqB9XmpBH5Ah1qkmsEtKtkry-njjVvCu-7rVH6AuvmByLVhdKAQ8k=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=4fayqqv3WFeTBgKqP5m84dKXNc_YW5YUSuIC_umBw5_D3q_J3cp_WHN98IErMYrO91AAam-MJeIU_Pg90F8eqEvWGJGswxOayO2FiBxJ3gYZi8f4QePLAFeJyqf5dPEQuND40JJeAikgAY-Y748q4kqB9XmpBH5Ah1qkmsEtKtkry-njjVvCu-7rVH6AuvmByLVhdKAQ8k=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=4fayqqv3WFeTBgKqP5m84dKXNc_YW5YUSuIC_umBw5_D3q_J3cp_WHN98IErMYrO91AAam-MJeIU_Pg90F8eqEvWGJGswxOayO2FiBxJ3gYZi8f4QePLAFeJyqf5dPEQuND40JJeAikgAY-Y748q4kqB9XmpBH5Ah1qkmsEtKtkry-njjVvCu-7rVH6AuvmByLVhdKAQ8k=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=4fayqqv3WFeTBgKqP5m84dKXNc_YW5YUSuIC_umBw5_D3q_J3cp_WHN98IErMYrO91AAam-MJeIU_Pg90F8eqEvWGJGswxOayO2FiBxJ3gYZi8f4QePLAFeJyqf5dPEQuND40JJeAikgAY-Y748q4kqB9XmpBH5Ah1qkmsEtKtkry-njjVvCu-7rVH6AuvmByLVhdKAQ8k=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=4fayqqv3WFeTBgKqP5m84dKXNc_YW5YUSuIC_umBw5_D3q_J3cp_WHN98IErMYrO91AAam-MJeIU_Pg90F8eqEvWGJGswxOayO2FiBxJ3gYZi8f4QePLAFeJyqf5dPEQuND40JJeAikgAY-Y748q4kqB9XmpBH5Ah1qkmsEtKtkry-njjVvCu-7rVH6AuvmByLVhdKAQ8k=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=4fayqqv3WFeTBgKqP5m84dKXNc_YW5YUSuIC_umBw5_D3q_J3cp_WHN98IErMYrO91AAam-MJeIU_Pg90F8eqEvWGJGswxOayO2FiBxJ3gYZi8f4QePLAFeJyqf5dPEQuND40JJeAikgAY-Y748q4kqB9XmpBH5Ah1qkmsEtKtkry-njjVvCu-7rVH6AuvmByLVhdKAQ8k=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNTqXV7sXD09Cncgt8pHjr2CyAomAC30zma34-ddLrEFSY0_5r8zqK3l2HbqDBfnhY_xhCC-tTiKMKl6lTwGKuHjKvEW6UzZdNVUvAjHxG4xrCjxQKLriAg4KPkFEzxdi67EwVFFrN4F_dA6cXnnN9mA4PFGyvV6jdPuRfwsw92XC-ecSDxmigU4ZpbAbT-W2xE=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNTqXV7sXD09Cncgt8pHjr2CyAomAC30zma34-ddLrEFSY0_5r8zqK3l2HbqDBfnhY_xhCC-tTiKMKl6lTwGKuHjKvEW6UzZdNVUvAjHxG4xrCjxQKLriAg4KPkFEzxdi67EwVFFrN4F_dA6cXnnN9mA4PFGyvV6jdPuRfwsw92XC-ecSDxmigU4ZpbAbT-W2xE=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNTqXV7sXD09Cncgt8pHjr2CyAomAC30zma34-ddLrEFSY0_5r8zqK3l2HbqDBfnhY_xhCC-tTiKMKl6lTwGKuHjKvEW6UzZdNVUvAjHxG4xrCjxQKLriAg4KPkFEzxdi67EwVFFrN4F_dA6cXnnN9mA4PFGyvV6jdPuRfwsw92XC-ecSDxmigU4ZpbAbT-W2xE=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNTqXV7sXD09Cncgt8pHjr2CyAomAC30zma34-ddLrEFSY0_5r8zqK3l2HbqDBfnhY_xhCC-tTiKMKl6lTwGKuHjKvEW6UzZdNVUvAjHxG4xrCjxQKLriAg4KPkFEzxdi67EwVFFrN4F_dA6cXnnN9mA4PFGyvV6jdPuRfwsw92XC-ecSDxmigU4ZpbAbT-W2xE=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNTqXV7sXD09Cncgt8pHjr2CyAomAC30zma34-ddLrEFSY0_5r8zqK3l2HbqDBfnhY_xhCC-tTiKMKl6lTwGKuHjKvEW6UzZdNVUvAjHxG4xrCjxQKLriAg4KPkFEzxdi67EwVFFrN4F_dA6cXnnN9mA4PFGyvV6jdPuRfwsw92XC-ecSDxmigU4ZpbAbT-W2xE=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNTqXV7sXD09Cncgt8pHjr2CyAomAC30zma34-ddLrEFSY0_5r8zqK3l2HbqDBfnhY_xhCC-tTiKMKl6lTwGKuHjKvEW6UzZdNVUvAjHxG4xrCjxQKLriAg4KPkFEzxdi67EwVFFrN4F_dA6cXnnN9mA4PFGyvV6jdPuRfwsw92XC-ecSDxmigU4ZpbAbT-W2xE=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNTqXV7sXD09Cncgt8pHjr2CyAomAC30zma34-ddLrEFSY0_5r8zqK3l2HbqDBfnhY_xhCC-tTiKMKl6lTwGKuHjKvEW6UzZdNVUvAjHxG4xrCjxQKLriAg4KPkFEzxdi67EwVFFrN4F_dA6cXnnN9mA4PFGyvV6jdPuRfwsw92XC-ecSDxmigU4ZpbAbT-W2xE=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNTqXV7sXD09Cncgt8pHjr2CyAomAC30zma34-ddLrEFSY0_5r8zqK3l2HbqDBfnhY_xhCC-tTiKMKl6lTwGKuHjKvEW6UzZdNVUvAjHxG4xrCjxQKLriAg4KPkFEzxdi67EwVFFrN4F_dA6cXnnN9mA4PFGyvV6jdPuRfwsw92XC-ecSDxmigU4ZpbAbT-W2xE=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNTqXV7sXD09Cncgt8pHjr2CyAomAC30zma34-ddLrEFSY0_5r8zqK3l2HbqDBfnhY_xhCC-tTiKMKl6lTwGKuHjKvEW6UzZdNVUvAjHxG4xrCjxQKLriAg4KPkFEzxdi67EwVFFrN4F_dA6cXnnN9mA4PFGyvV6jdPuRfwsw92XC-ecSDxmigU4ZpbAbT-W2xE=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNTqXV7sXD09Cncgt8pHjr2CyAomAC30zma34-ddLrEFSY0_5r8zqK3l2HbqDBfnhY_xhCC-tTiKMKl6lTwGKuHjKvEW6UzZdNVUvAjHxG4xrCjxQKLriAg4KPkFEzxdi67EwVFFrN4F_dA6cXnnN9mA4PFGyvV6jdPuRfwsw92XC-ecSDxmigU4ZpbAbT-W2xE=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNTqXV7sXD09Cncgt8pHjr2CyAomAC30zma34-ddLrEFSY0_5r8zqK3l2HbqDBfnhY_xhCC-tTiKMKl6lTwGKuHjKvEW6UzZdNVUvAjHxG4xrCjxQKLriAg4KPkFEzxdi67EwVFFrN4F_dA6cXnnN9mA4PFGyvV6jdPuRfwsw92XC-ecSDxmigU4ZpbAbT-W2xE=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNTqXV7sXD09Cncgt8pHjr2CyAomAC30zma34-ddLrEFSY0_5r8zqK3l2HbqDBfnhY_xhCC-tTiKMKl6lTwGKuHjKvEW6UzZdNVUvAjHxG4xrCjxQKLriAg4KPkFEzxdi67EwVFFrN4F_dA6cXnnN9mA4PFGyvV6jdPuRfwsw92XC-ecSDxmigU4ZpbAbT-W2xE=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS


Zhou. (USA). The New Education Initiative in China. 

BECE, Vol.19, No.2, 2025 1954 

Zhu, Y (2021a). The New Education Initiative 

in the past 20 years: A review and 

prospect. Journal of East China Normal 

University (Education Science Edition), 

39(11), 1-44. DOI: 

https://doi.org/10.16382/j.cnki.1000-

5560.2021.11.001.  

Zhu, Y. (2021b). Yongxin Zhu and the New 

Education Initiative. Beijing: Beijing 

Normal University Press. 

Zhu, Y. (2022). My story about the New 

Education Initiative. Educator, 

2022(51), 47. Available at: 

https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstra

ct?v=DnpHqYycDUOED0MLqQALb

VyBBP82ok1KOnFLbU1Bt_z5V57QC

MvHHsVimdRGjCH2XmY86Bxk996a

QtHgHzp0eawBAik4Q4kPl1FQBEoyE

8Ef2hEkNY_03E-

GpT79JePt9D_DgnnZ41k9enoLLP0JX

MADPtn4BHkb1P2XapSx_qbjPc-

pPhZcl390IIRcqcwNLM5RcShKX7c=

&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CH

S  

Zhu, Y. & Wang, M. (2020). The “New 

Education Initiative” Value Framework: 

Features and implementation pathways. 

Education Science, 36(1), 1-8. 

Available at: 

https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstra

ct?v=6h6U53PWxNQHO8acw-

wGMYWYtk2gQW_nwK_VDWO4rX

rw4aL1JCJgRzyh4el14VtsLUfXs4OcB

5BRsALtmlrTpyD4SHAN3E21a6SCj

UjRHJCzI2Z5eZvQypkT-

03C8u2PkJ3H8zcqDQXxlMEQz3V3C

j9bDvLhJUSHlZeJtaI9o2TxKtsdSca3Q

E26ZcdGYWU15xmZw9Mc0Ms=&un

iplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS  

Zhu, Y. & Wang, Z. (1992). An Overview of 

Contemporary Japanese Education. 

Taiyuan: Shanxi Education Publishing 

House. 

Zhu, Y. & Yang, F. (2020). The New 

Education Initiative’s theory and 

practice of teacher development. 

Teachers’ Journal, 2020(3), 5-9. 

Available at: 

https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstra

ct?v=14CuGbpFC1B3BLmfqKGHbgEt

ueK_PCdnnyVSoN47mWuk_wj3x31-

0WpcWyG-

86y1W43nyGjG3gjzltwW1wH7-

RWlbyKyVaFcsivcDhb9sX3xTDnqLyl

qgGPKBFpo3WQ8EzlaG0MhJHtgtoC

q9R4lig58pEngaafQvu7RJzLcjkglHO4

V75QKedrUlhqHX5EEjebFOKY783E

=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=C

HS  

 

 

 

 

Received: January 10, 2025 

Revised: January 19, 2025 

Accepted: February 06, 2025

 

https://doi.org/10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2021.11.001
https://doi.org/10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2021.11.001
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=DnpHqYycDUOED0MLqQALbVyBBP82ok1KOnFLbU1Bt_z5V57QCMvHHsVimdRGjCH2XmY86Bxk996aQtHgHzp0eawBAik4Q4kPl1FQBEoyE8Ef2hEkNY_03E-GpT79JePt9D_DgnnZ41k9enoLLP0JXMADPtn4BHkb1P2XapSx_qbjPc-pPhZcl390IIRcqcwNLM5RcShKX7c=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=DnpHqYycDUOED0MLqQALbVyBBP82ok1KOnFLbU1Bt_z5V57QCMvHHsVimdRGjCH2XmY86Bxk996aQtHgHzp0eawBAik4Q4kPl1FQBEoyE8Ef2hEkNY_03E-GpT79JePt9D_DgnnZ41k9enoLLP0JXMADPtn4BHkb1P2XapSx_qbjPc-pPhZcl390IIRcqcwNLM5RcShKX7c=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=DnpHqYycDUOED0MLqQALbVyBBP82ok1KOnFLbU1Bt_z5V57QCMvHHsVimdRGjCH2XmY86Bxk996aQtHgHzp0eawBAik4Q4kPl1FQBEoyE8Ef2hEkNY_03E-GpT79JePt9D_DgnnZ41k9enoLLP0JXMADPtn4BHkb1P2XapSx_qbjPc-pPhZcl390IIRcqcwNLM5RcShKX7c=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=DnpHqYycDUOED0MLqQALbVyBBP82ok1KOnFLbU1Bt_z5V57QCMvHHsVimdRGjCH2XmY86Bxk996aQtHgHzp0eawBAik4Q4kPl1FQBEoyE8Ef2hEkNY_03E-GpT79JePt9D_DgnnZ41k9enoLLP0JXMADPtn4BHkb1P2XapSx_qbjPc-pPhZcl390IIRcqcwNLM5RcShKX7c=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=DnpHqYycDUOED0MLqQALbVyBBP82ok1KOnFLbU1Bt_z5V57QCMvHHsVimdRGjCH2XmY86Bxk996aQtHgHzp0eawBAik4Q4kPl1FQBEoyE8Ef2hEkNY_03E-GpT79JePt9D_DgnnZ41k9enoLLP0JXMADPtn4BHkb1P2XapSx_qbjPc-pPhZcl390IIRcqcwNLM5RcShKX7c=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=DnpHqYycDUOED0MLqQALbVyBBP82ok1KOnFLbU1Bt_z5V57QCMvHHsVimdRGjCH2XmY86Bxk996aQtHgHzp0eawBAik4Q4kPl1FQBEoyE8Ef2hEkNY_03E-GpT79JePt9D_DgnnZ41k9enoLLP0JXMADPtn4BHkb1P2XapSx_qbjPc-pPhZcl390IIRcqcwNLM5RcShKX7c=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=DnpHqYycDUOED0MLqQALbVyBBP82ok1KOnFLbU1Bt_z5V57QCMvHHsVimdRGjCH2XmY86Bxk996aQtHgHzp0eawBAik4Q4kPl1FQBEoyE8Ef2hEkNY_03E-GpT79JePt9D_DgnnZ41k9enoLLP0JXMADPtn4BHkb1P2XapSx_qbjPc-pPhZcl390IIRcqcwNLM5RcShKX7c=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=DnpHqYycDUOED0MLqQALbVyBBP82ok1KOnFLbU1Bt_z5V57QCMvHHsVimdRGjCH2XmY86Bxk996aQtHgHzp0eawBAik4Q4kPl1FQBEoyE8Ef2hEkNY_03E-GpT79JePt9D_DgnnZ41k9enoLLP0JXMADPtn4BHkb1P2XapSx_qbjPc-pPhZcl390IIRcqcwNLM5RcShKX7c=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=DnpHqYycDUOED0MLqQALbVyBBP82ok1KOnFLbU1Bt_z5V57QCMvHHsVimdRGjCH2XmY86Bxk996aQtHgHzp0eawBAik4Q4kPl1FQBEoyE8Ef2hEkNY_03E-GpT79JePt9D_DgnnZ41k9enoLLP0JXMADPtn4BHkb1P2XapSx_qbjPc-pPhZcl390IIRcqcwNLM5RcShKX7c=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=DnpHqYycDUOED0MLqQALbVyBBP82ok1KOnFLbU1Bt_z5V57QCMvHHsVimdRGjCH2XmY86Bxk996aQtHgHzp0eawBAik4Q4kPl1FQBEoyE8Ef2hEkNY_03E-GpT79JePt9D_DgnnZ41k9enoLLP0JXMADPtn4BHkb1P2XapSx_qbjPc-pPhZcl390IIRcqcwNLM5RcShKX7c=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=DnpHqYycDUOED0MLqQALbVyBBP82ok1KOnFLbU1Bt_z5V57QCMvHHsVimdRGjCH2XmY86Bxk996aQtHgHzp0eawBAik4Q4kPl1FQBEoyE8Ef2hEkNY_03E-GpT79JePt9D_DgnnZ41k9enoLLP0JXMADPtn4BHkb1P2XapSx_qbjPc-pPhZcl390IIRcqcwNLM5RcShKX7c=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNQHO8acw-wGMYWYtk2gQW_nwK_VDWO4rXrw4aL1JCJgRzyh4el14VtsLUfXs4OcB5BRsALtmlrTpyD4SHAN3E21a6SCjUjRHJCzI2Z5eZvQypkT-03C8u2PkJ3H8zcqDQXxlMEQz3V3Cj9bDvLhJUSHlZeJtaI9o2TxKtsdSca3QE26ZcdGYWU15xmZw9Mc0Ms=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNQHO8acw-wGMYWYtk2gQW_nwK_VDWO4rXrw4aL1JCJgRzyh4el14VtsLUfXs4OcB5BRsALtmlrTpyD4SHAN3E21a6SCjUjRHJCzI2Z5eZvQypkT-03C8u2PkJ3H8zcqDQXxlMEQz3V3Cj9bDvLhJUSHlZeJtaI9o2TxKtsdSca3QE26ZcdGYWU15xmZw9Mc0Ms=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNQHO8acw-wGMYWYtk2gQW_nwK_VDWO4rXrw4aL1JCJgRzyh4el14VtsLUfXs4OcB5BRsALtmlrTpyD4SHAN3E21a6SCjUjRHJCzI2Z5eZvQypkT-03C8u2PkJ3H8zcqDQXxlMEQz3V3Cj9bDvLhJUSHlZeJtaI9o2TxKtsdSca3QE26ZcdGYWU15xmZw9Mc0Ms=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNQHO8acw-wGMYWYtk2gQW_nwK_VDWO4rXrw4aL1JCJgRzyh4el14VtsLUfXs4OcB5BRsALtmlrTpyD4SHAN3E21a6SCjUjRHJCzI2Z5eZvQypkT-03C8u2PkJ3H8zcqDQXxlMEQz3V3Cj9bDvLhJUSHlZeJtaI9o2TxKtsdSca3QE26ZcdGYWU15xmZw9Mc0Ms=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNQHO8acw-wGMYWYtk2gQW_nwK_VDWO4rXrw4aL1JCJgRzyh4el14VtsLUfXs4OcB5BRsALtmlrTpyD4SHAN3E21a6SCjUjRHJCzI2Z5eZvQypkT-03C8u2PkJ3H8zcqDQXxlMEQz3V3Cj9bDvLhJUSHlZeJtaI9o2TxKtsdSca3QE26ZcdGYWU15xmZw9Mc0Ms=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNQHO8acw-wGMYWYtk2gQW_nwK_VDWO4rXrw4aL1JCJgRzyh4el14VtsLUfXs4OcB5BRsALtmlrTpyD4SHAN3E21a6SCjUjRHJCzI2Z5eZvQypkT-03C8u2PkJ3H8zcqDQXxlMEQz3V3Cj9bDvLhJUSHlZeJtaI9o2TxKtsdSca3QE26ZcdGYWU15xmZw9Mc0Ms=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNQHO8acw-wGMYWYtk2gQW_nwK_VDWO4rXrw4aL1JCJgRzyh4el14VtsLUfXs4OcB5BRsALtmlrTpyD4SHAN3E21a6SCjUjRHJCzI2Z5eZvQypkT-03C8u2PkJ3H8zcqDQXxlMEQz3V3Cj9bDvLhJUSHlZeJtaI9o2TxKtsdSca3QE26ZcdGYWU15xmZw9Mc0Ms=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNQHO8acw-wGMYWYtk2gQW_nwK_VDWO4rXrw4aL1JCJgRzyh4el14VtsLUfXs4OcB5BRsALtmlrTpyD4SHAN3E21a6SCjUjRHJCzI2Z5eZvQypkT-03C8u2PkJ3H8zcqDQXxlMEQz3V3Cj9bDvLhJUSHlZeJtaI9o2TxKtsdSca3QE26ZcdGYWU15xmZw9Mc0Ms=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNQHO8acw-wGMYWYtk2gQW_nwK_VDWO4rXrw4aL1JCJgRzyh4el14VtsLUfXs4OcB5BRsALtmlrTpyD4SHAN3E21a6SCjUjRHJCzI2Z5eZvQypkT-03C8u2PkJ3H8zcqDQXxlMEQz3V3Cj9bDvLhJUSHlZeJtaI9o2TxKtsdSca3QE26ZcdGYWU15xmZw9Mc0Ms=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6h6U53PWxNQHO8acw-wGMYWYtk2gQW_nwK_VDWO4rXrw4aL1JCJgRzyh4el14VtsLUfXs4OcB5BRsALtmlrTpyD4SHAN3E21a6SCjUjRHJCzI2Z5eZvQypkT-03C8u2PkJ3H8zcqDQXxlMEQz3V3Cj9bDvLhJUSHlZeJtaI9o2TxKtsdSca3QE26ZcdGYWU15xmZw9Mc0Ms=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=14CuGbpFC1B3BLmfqKGHbgEtueK_PCdnnyVSoN47mWuk_wj3x31-0WpcWyG-86y1W43nyGjG3gjzltwW1wH7-RWlbyKyVaFcsivcDhb9sX3xTDnqLylqgGPKBFpo3WQ8EzlaG0MhJHtgtoCq9R4lig58pEngaafQvu7RJzLcjkglHO4V75QKedrUlhqHX5EEjebFOKY783E=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=14CuGbpFC1B3BLmfqKGHbgEtueK_PCdnnyVSoN47mWuk_wj3x31-0WpcWyG-86y1W43nyGjG3gjzltwW1wH7-RWlbyKyVaFcsivcDhb9sX3xTDnqLylqgGPKBFpo3WQ8EzlaG0MhJHtgtoCq9R4lig58pEngaafQvu7RJzLcjkglHO4V75QKedrUlhqHX5EEjebFOKY783E=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=14CuGbpFC1B3BLmfqKGHbgEtueK_PCdnnyVSoN47mWuk_wj3x31-0WpcWyG-86y1W43nyGjG3gjzltwW1wH7-RWlbyKyVaFcsivcDhb9sX3xTDnqLylqgGPKBFpo3WQ8EzlaG0MhJHtgtoCq9R4lig58pEngaafQvu7RJzLcjkglHO4V75QKedrUlhqHX5EEjebFOKY783E=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=14CuGbpFC1B3BLmfqKGHbgEtueK_PCdnnyVSoN47mWuk_wj3x31-0WpcWyG-86y1W43nyGjG3gjzltwW1wH7-RWlbyKyVaFcsivcDhb9sX3xTDnqLylqgGPKBFpo3WQ8EzlaG0MhJHtgtoCq9R4lig58pEngaafQvu7RJzLcjkglHO4V75QKedrUlhqHX5EEjebFOKY783E=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=14CuGbpFC1B3BLmfqKGHbgEtueK_PCdnnyVSoN47mWuk_wj3x31-0WpcWyG-86y1W43nyGjG3gjzltwW1wH7-RWlbyKyVaFcsivcDhb9sX3xTDnqLylqgGPKBFpo3WQ8EzlaG0MhJHtgtoCq9R4lig58pEngaafQvu7RJzLcjkglHO4V75QKedrUlhqHX5EEjebFOKY783E=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=14CuGbpFC1B3BLmfqKGHbgEtueK_PCdnnyVSoN47mWuk_wj3x31-0WpcWyG-86y1W43nyGjG3gjzltwW1wH7-RWlbyKyVaFcsivcDhb9sX3xTDnqLylqgGPKBFpo3WQ8EzlaG0MhJHtgtoCq9R4lig58pEngaafQvu7RJzLcjkglHO4V75QKedrUlhqHX5EEjebFOKY783E=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=14CuGbpFC1B3BLmfqKGHbgEtueK_PCdnnyVSoN47mWuk_wj3x31-0WpcWyG-86y1W43nyGjG3gjzltwW1wH7-RWlbyKyVaFcsivcDhb9sX3xTDnqLylqgGPKBFpo3WQ8EzlaG0MhJHtgtoCq9R4lig58pEngaafQvu7RJzLcjkglHO4V75QKedrUlhqHX5EEjebFOKY783E=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=14CuGbpFC1B3BLmfqKGHbgEtueK_PCdnnyVSoN47mWuk_wj3x31-0WpcWyG-86y1W43nyGjG3gjzltwW1wH7-RWlbyKyVaFcsivcDhb9sX3xTDnqLylqgGPKBFpo3WQ8EzlaG0MhJHtgtoCq9R4lig58pEngaafQvu7RJzLcjkglHO4V75QKedrUlhqHX5EEjebFOKY783E=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=14CuGbpFC1B3BLmfqKGHbgEtueK_PCdnnyVSoN47mWuk_wj3x31-0WpcWyG-86y1W43nyGjG3gjzltwW1wH7-RWlbyKyVaFcsivcDhb9sX3xTDnqLylqgGPKBFpo3WQ8EzlaG0MhJHtgtoCq9R4lig58pEngaafQvu7RJzLcjkglHO4V75QKedrUlhqHX5EEjebFOKY783E=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=14CuGbpFC1B3BLmfqKGHbgEtueK_PCdnnyVSoN47mWuk_wj3x31-0WpcWyG-86y1W43nyGjG3gjzltwW1wH7-RWlbyKyVaFcsivcDhb9sX3xTDnqLylqgGPKBFpo3WQ8EzlaG0MhJHtgtoCq9R4lig58pEngaafQvu7RJzLcjkglHO4V75QKedrUlhqHX5EEjebFOKY783E=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS
https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=14CuGbpFC1B3BLmfqKGHbgEtueK_PCdnnyVSoN47mWuk_wj3x31-0WpcWyG-86y1W43nyGjG3gjzltwW1wH7-RWlbyKyVaFcsivcDhb9sX3xTDnqLylqgGPKBFpo3WQ8EzlaG0MhJHtgtoCq9R4lig58pEngaafQvu7RJzLcjkglHO4V75QKedrUlhqHX5EEjebFOKY783E=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS

