item: #1 of 374
          id: bibechana-10249
      author: Saha, Swapan K.
       title: Weak interactions-Strong effects: Key role of hydrophobic interaction in the formation of stimuli-responsive viscoelastic gel of worm-like micelles
        date: 2014
       words: 3817
      flesch: 59
     summary: [4] S. J. Candau, E. Hirsch, R. Zana, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 105 (1985) 521. [11] S. Imai, T. Shikata, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 244 (2001) 399.
    keywords: ctab; formation; micelles; naphthol; prof; shear; wlm; worm
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        item: #2 of 374
          id: bibechana-10374
      author: Paul, BC
       title: Dark Matter and Dark Energy in the Universe
        date: 2014
       words: 4707
      flesch: 71
     summary: Emergent Universe model in a flat Universe is another interesting model of the Universe which can be obtained with a non-linear equation of state [38]. In the above k is the index which represents a closed Universe for +1, open Universe for – 1 and a flat Universe for 0.
    keywords: b.c; energy; inflation; lett; matter; model; paul; phys; universe
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        item: #3 of 374
          id: bibechana-10375
      author: Nepal, Saroj
       title: Relativity in cosmologically preferred frame and the UHECR paradox
        date: 2014
       words: 4700
      flesch: 64
     summary: Let us call them preferred frame theories. However if one is prepared to do away with the principle of relativity, or in other words if one believes in the existence of a preferred inertial frame, there is no point in holding on to the belief that standard rods and clocks of different inertial frames behave strictly according to
    keywords: energy; frame; light; relativity; speed
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        item: #4 of 374
          id: bibechana-10376
      author: Adhikari, Krishna R; Gurung, Shekhar; Bhattarai, Binod K
       title: Empirical model based on meteorological parameters to estimate the global solar radiation in Nepal
        date: 2014
       words: 3963
      flesch: 51
     summary: Figures from 1-5 of the plots of global solar radiations model estimated by the Angstrom-Prescott and new one also proved the higher performance of the new model in comparison to the value estimated in Ref. The resultant model may then be used to estimate the missing data of solar radiation for the respective sites and also can be used to estimate global solar radiation for the locations of similar geographic and meteorological characteristic.
    keywords: data; energy; mean; model; nepal; new; radiation; regression
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        item: #5 of 374
          id: bibechana-10377
      author: Karki, Indra B; Nakarmi, Jeevan J; Mandal, Pradeep K; Chatterjee, Suman
       title: Dye-sensitized solar cells sensitized with natural dye extracted from Indian Jamun
        date: 2014
       words: 3551
      flesch: 61
     summary: The physical parameters open conversion efficiency (η) values calculated from current voltage curve of natural dye DSSC cell. In our observation, an improvement in ideality factor (A) was observed 4.8 for Jamun dye based The physical parameters open-circuit voltage (Voc), short circuit current (Isc), fill factor (FF) and energy ) values calculated from current voltage curve of natural dye DSSC cell.
    keywords: cell; circuit; current; curve; dssc; dye; energy; factor; zno; � �
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        item: #6 of 374
          id: bibechana-10378
      author: None
       title: bibechana-10378
        date: None
       words: 2125
      flesch: 61
     summary: Keywords: CTC tea; Orthodox tea; Green tea; Brij 35; Water; UV-vis. 1. p.42 Figure 2: Absorption spectra for Orthodox tea in water (top graph), CTC tea (middle graph) and Green tea (bottom graph). 3.2.
    keywords: brij; ctc; green; liter; tea; water
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        item: #7 of 374
          id: bibechana-10379
      author: None
       title: bibechana-10379
        date: None
       words: 3222
      flesch: 60
     summary: To gain a deeper understanding into the microscopic structure regarding the degree of atomic ordering in Tl alloy, we have next calculated the Warren-Cowley short range ordering parameter, from Eq. The function Scc(0) in particular is useful in ascertaining the segregation in binary liquid alloys.
    keywords: alloy; concentration; energy; mixing
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        item: #8 of 374
          id: bibechana-10380
      author: Kafle, Bhim P; Pokhrel, Babu R; Gyawali, Rajendra; Lamichhane, Prakash; Adhikari, Ravi M
       title: Fabrication of dye-sensitized solar cells from thin films of zinc oxide nanocrystalline particles and organic dye
        date: 2014
       words: 4105
      flesch: 55
     summary: Then prototype solar cells from ZnO film with various thicknesses were constructed and were sensitized with the mixture of Green-VS and Black-ADLI dyes (with 1:1 ratio). The measured photo-voltage and photo-current from solar cell, from our modest ZnO film, after irradiation with 200 W commercial bulb (calibrated with Pyranometer) as a light source, were about 20 mV and 1 µA, respectively.
    keywords: cells; current; dye; energy; film; layer; photo; thin; zno
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        item: #9 of 374
          id: bibechana-10381
      author: Pandey, Suraj; Kaphle, Gopi Chandra; Adhikari, Narayan Prasad
       title: Electronic structure and magnetic properties of bulk elements (Fe and Pd) and ordered binary alloys (FePd and Fe3Pd):TB-LMTO-ASA
        date: 2014
       words: 4053
      flesch: 65
     summary: We used TB-LMTO-ASA Approach for the study of band structure and density of states of the transitional elements Fe and Pd and their ordered alloys FePd and Fe3Pd. After the convergence of SCF we analyzed all the data required for band structure, total energy, DOS etc.
    keywords: band; density; energy; fepd; fermi; states; structure
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        item: #10 of 374
          id: bibechana-10382
      author: Koirala, I; Jha, IS; Singh, BP
       title: Theoretical investigation on ordering nature of Cd-Bi alloys in the molten state
        date: 2014
       words: 4661
      flesch: 60
     summary: A pair of equation for surface tension of the binary liquid alloys in terms of activity coefficient (γi) of the alloy components and interchange energy parameter (ω), at the given temperature T, proposed by Prasad et al., have been reduced in the simple form, using zeroth approximation as ( ) ( ) s 2 2sB A k T x ln p 1 x (q 1) 1 x x  ωτ = τ + + − + − − ξ ξ   (20a) s s 2 2B B B k T k T ln(1 x ) ln(1 x) {p(x ) (q 1)x } ωτ = τ + − − − + + − ξ ξ ξ (20b) where Aτ and τB are the surface tension values for the pure components A and B respectively; x and xs are the bulk and surface concentrations of the alloy component; p and q are the surface coordination I. Koirala / BIBECHANA 11(1) (2014) 70-78: (Online Publication: March, 2014) p.74 fractions, which are defined as the fraction of the total number of nearest neighbors made by atom within its own layer and that in the adjoining layer. The ideal free energy of mixing (ω = 0) is { }id MG RT xInx (1 x)In(1 x)= + − − (2)
    keywords: alloys; concentration; liquid; surface
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        item: #11 of 374
          id: bibechana-10383
      author: Limbu, Kuber; Shah, Sujit Kumar; Bhattarai, Ajaya
       title: Micellization behaviour of sodium dodecyl sulphate in presence and absence of sodium sulphate and zinc sulphate in distilled water by surface tension measurement
        date: 2014
       words: 2386
      flesch: 64
     summary: Solvent Concentration (mol/l-1) Surface tension (dyne/cm) ZnSO4 0.06017 0.05014 0.04179 0.03482 0.02902 0.02418 0.02015 0.01679 0.01399 0.01166 0.00972 0.00810 0.00675 0.00562 0.00469 0.00391 0.00325 0.00271 0.00226 0.00188 27.16200 27.37816 27.59907 28.06390 28.29980 28.79153 29.56571 30.10506 30.66502 30.95195 31.24480 31.54408 31.84879 34.89688 37.27535 40.00185 41.00095 41.51947 41.51852 41.51804 Figure 1: Variation of surface tension of SDS with log [SDS] in distilled water at room temperature. Distilled water 0.02402 0.01801 0.01351 0.01013 0.00760 0.00570 0.00428 0.00321 0.00241 0.00180 0.00135 0.00102 31.80359 32.11061 32.42408 32.74436 33.40919 35.97611 37.62764 38.96942 39.91825 40.40978 40.91390 41.43103 K. Limbu et al. / BIBECHANA 11(1) (2014) 79-85: (Online Publication: March, 2014) p.82 Table 1B: Surface tensions of SDS in the presence of Na2SO4. Solvent Concentration (mol/l-1) Surface tension (dyne/cm) Na2SO4 0.02400 0.02000 0.01667 0.01389 0.01157 0.00965 0.00804 0.00670 0.00558 0.00465 0.00388 0.00323 0.00269 0.00224 0.00187 0.00156 0.00130 29.83293 30.10266 30.66151 31.54318 32.15982 33.13277 33.81490 34.16566 40.99797 43.73001 44.92753 47.53145 50.45586 53.76411 56.54468 58.56345 59.62791 Our calculation of cmc of SDS in distilled water at room temperature found to be 8.29 mM which is almost matching with 9.00 mM by surface tension method [5].
    keywords: na2so4; sds; surface; tension; water; znso4; � �
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        item: #12 of 374
          id: bibechana-10386
      author: Yadav, SK; Jha, LN; Adhikari, D
       title: Segregation in Fe-Pd melt at 1873 K
        date: 2014
       words: 4110
      flesch: 66
     summary: + ������ . + ������ .
    keywords: h �; r. �; � +; � /0; � b; � �
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        item: #13 of 374
          id: bibechana-10387
      author: Dahal, Kumar P; KC, Dinesh; Bhattarai, Jagadeesh
       title: Study on the soil corrosivity towards the buried water supply pipelines in Madhyapur Thimi municipality, Bhaktapur
        date: 2014
       words: 3631
      flesch: 61
     summary: Gravimetric method was used to estimate the amounts of sulfate content in soil sample. It is clearly observed that the soil resistivity is directly correlated with the moisture content in soil samples.
    keywords: content; corrosion; corrosive; materials; moisture; pipelines; resistivity; samples; soil
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        item: #14 of 374
          id: bibechana-10388
      author: Niraula, Tulasi Prasad; Bhattarai, Ajaya; Chatterjee, Sujeet Kumar
       title: Critical micelle concentration of sodium dodecyl sulphate in pure water and in methanol-water mixed solvent media in presence and absence of KCl by surface tension and viscosity methods
        date: 2014
       words: 3159
      flesch: 65
     summary: It was found from our experiments that the cmc of SDS solution decreases in the presence of KCl and our data matched with Baloch et.al [15]. Abstract Careful measurements of surface tension and viscosity of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) in presence and absence of KCl in pure water and methanol-water mixed solvent media containing 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 volume fractions of methanol at 308.15 K are reported.
    keywords: cmc; log[c; methanol; surface; tension; viscosity
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        item: #15 of 374
          id: bibechana-10389
      author: None
       title: bibechana-10389
        date: None
       words: 4216
      flesch: 63
     summary: The band structure and density of states calculations of Pt adatom graphene predict changes in electronic/magnetic properties caused by the atom (Pt). The charge transfer is obtained by the integral of linear charge density difference in the substrate region, and the quantity in case of Pt adatom graphene has been found as 0.18e.
    keywords: adatom; adsorption; charge; energy; graphene; hydrogen; molecule
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        item: #16 of 374
          id: bibechana-10390
      author: None
       title: bibechana-10390
        date: None
       words: 1942
      flesch: 53
     summary: Abstract The precise measurement of specific conductivity of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) in distilled water at reported and also the specific conductivity of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide measured in the presence of magnesium sulphate and sodium sulphate using a conductivity meter. Solvent Concentration (mol/ltr) Conductance (ohm-1cm-1) MgSO4-Water 0.00671 0.00537 0.00429 0.00343 0.00275 0.00171 0.00140 0.00112 0.00091 0.00075 0.00057 0.00046 0.00036 1.867 1.829 1.790 1.758 1.739 1.704 1.691 1.684 1.677 1.672 1.661 1.651 1.646 Fig. 2 Fig.3 Figure 2: Specific conductivities of CTAB as a function of the concentration in distilled water at room temperature.
    keywords: bromide; cmc; ctab; presence; sulphate
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        item: #17 of 374
          id: bibechana-10391
      author: Mishra, KK
       title: Chromogenomic changes after the use of methyl parathion on Ocimum Americanum L. in Eastern Zone of Nepal
        date: 2014
       words: 837
      flesch: 66
     summary: The first progeny obtained by the seeds of treated host plants of Ocimum americanum L. were free from the fusarial disease but the colour of the leaves of the plant was mixed condition of red and green, though the parental leaves were red. [8] H. Kern, “Phytotoxins produced by Fusaria” in phytotoxins in plant diseases, 1972.
    keywords: americanum; ocimum
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        item: #18 of 374
          id: bibechana-10392
      author: Jha, Kabita; Bhattarai, Ajaya; Chatterjee, Sujeet Kumar
       title: Determination of critical micelle concentration of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide in presence and absence of KCl and NaCl in aqueous media at room temperature by viscosity measurement
        date: 2014
       words: 2053
      flesch: 63
     summary: The breaking point is known as critical micelle concentration, cmc (Fig. 1-3). Journal homepage: http://nepjol.info/index.php/BIBECHANA Determination of critical micelle concentration of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide in presence and absence of KCl and NaCl in aqueous media at room temperature by viscosity measurement Kabita Jha, Ajaya Bhattarai*, Sujeet Kumar Chatterjee Department of Chemistry, M.M.A.M.C., Tribhuvan University, Biratnagar, Nepal *Corresponding Author: E-mail: bkajaya@yahoo.com Accepted for publication: February 16, 2014
    keywords: cmc; concentration; kcl; nacl; presence; viscosity
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        item: #19 of 374
          id: bibechana-10393
      author: Bhagat, Indramani
       title: Management of collar rot of tomato caused by Sclerotium rolfsii
        date: 2014
       words: 1953
      flesch: 67
     summary: Amendments (Neem cake, oil cake, cow dung, rabbit manure and chicken manure) were used in tomato seedlings to observe growth promotion and percentage increase in shoot length in healthy and treated tomato seedlings of two varieties, F1 Hybrid Arjuna and Pahuza S-22. Similarly, amendment with cow dung, rabbit manure and chicken manure it has been observed that the growth of tomato seedlings increased in treated uninoculated than treated inoculated tomato seedlings.
    keywords: cake; increase; seedlings; tomato
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        item: #20 of 374
          id: bibechana-10394
      author: Kharel, Milan; Chhetry, Damodar Thapa
       title: Description on some rescued turtles and their translocation at Turtle Rescue and Conservation Centre (TRCC), Sanischare, Jhapa
        date: 2014
       words: 3555
      flesch: 60
     summary: In the future, the centre will serve as “living” laboratories for freshwater and terrestrial turtle and encourage young scientist to conduct research regarding biology of freshwater and terrestrial turtles and threats to their survival in order to develop and implement innovative methods in the conservation of turtles. p.142 Figure 1: Location map of study area (TRCC), Jhapa, Nepal to keep the records of rescued turtle scientifically, which are trans-located from various places to the centre; study the physico-chemical parameters of the Budhoholi lake and meteorological condition of study area.
    keywords: area; centre; jhapa; nepal; punctata; species; study; turtles
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        item: #21 of 374
          id: bibechana-10396
      author: Yadav, RN
       title: Signed graphs connected with the root lattice
        date: 2014
       words: 1739
      flesch: 83
     summary: Now suppose that the result is true for simple signed Fushimi trees with m blocks. Our main result is that s simple Fushimi tree with standard sign is contained in the cluster given by a line.
    keywords: fushimi; fushimi tree; graph; tree
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        item: #22 of 374
          id: bibechana-10397
      author: Sah, Satya Narayan
       title: Characterization of Frechet spaces with nuclear Kothe quotients
        date: 2014
       words: 2521
      flesch: 80
     summary: Keywords: Frechet spaces; Kothe spaces; Quotient. In this paper our result based on the characterization of Frechet spaces with nuclear Kothe quotients is in terms of the following condition which labeled as ⍟.
    keywords: frechet; space
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        item: #23 of 374
          id: bibechana-10398
      author: Palei, GK; Karu, PK
       title: Some remarks on the definition of numbers
        date: 2014
       words: 2163
      flesch: 64
     summary: Vaisesika definition of number The Vaisesikas have attempted to define and characterized numbers unity, duality, triplicity etc and that they have accepted numbers as objectively real quantities inhering in all substances. [3] gave the definition of number by abstraction, accepting that numbers are applicable essentially to classes (i.e collection)
    keywords: concept; definition; number; similarity
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        item: #24 of 374
          id: bibechana-10399
      author: Shahi, Mahendra
       title: Some special characterisations of Fredholm operators in Banach space
        date: 2014
       words: 2256
      flesch: 76
     summary: Another operator T is obtained by defining Tx = y to mean M. Sahi / BIBECHANA 11(1) (2014) 169-174: (Online Publication: March, 2014) p.170 y�s� = x�s� − � k�s, t�x�t�dt �3� � Here k(s,t) is a continuous function on [a,b]×[a,b] and is called the kernel of the integral equation. p.169 BIBECHANA A Multidisciplinary Journal of Science, Technology and Mathematics ISSN 2091-0762 (online) Journal homepage: http://nepjol.info/index.php/BIBECHANA Some special characterisations of Fredholm operators in Banach space Mahendra Shahi Department. of Mathematics, M.M.A.M. Campus, Biratnagar Tribhuvan University, Nepal E-mail: mshahi11@hotmail.com Accepted for publication: February 06, 2014
    keywords: fredholm; operator
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        item: #25 of 374
          id: bibechana-10400
      author: Bhattarai, Ajaya
       title: Investigation on solution properties of surfactants in mixed solvent media: Landmark towards Surface Chemistry in Eastern Nepal
        date: 2014
       words: 3361
      flesch: 51
     summary: [4] studied the solution behavior of a surfactant in methanol water mixed solvent media by electrical conductivity methods. [4] measured the surface tension of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide in methanol water mixed solvent media by Ring method.
    keywords: bhattarai; concentration; media; methanol; solvent; water
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        item: #26 of 374
          id: bibechana-11670
      author: Pokharel, Durga Bhakta; Subedi, Dhruba Babu; Bhattarai, Jagadeesh
       title: Study the effect of sodium nitrite as a green corrosion inhibitor for the sputter-deposited tungsten-based ternary alloys in 0.5 M NaCl solution
        date: 2014
       words: 4293
      flesch: 55
     summary: Very low concentrations of chemical species with special characteristics, that can intervene the corrosion kinetics and thereby control the corrosion is generally term as corrosion inhibitor. Practical criteria for the selection of corrosion inhibitors from the variety of inorganic and organic compounds with inhibiting properties are not only their inhibition efficiency but also safety of use, economic constraints and compatibility with other chemicals in the system as well as the environmental concerns.
    keywords: alloys; corrosion; inhibitor; nacl; nitrite; sodium; sodium nitrite; solution; w-42cr-5ni; w-80cr-10zr
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        item: #27 of 374
          id: bibechana-11671
      author: Carvajal-Gámez, B. E.; Guerrero-Moreno, I. J.; López-Bonilla, J.
       title: Quaternions, 2x2 complex matrices and Lorentz transformations
        date: 2014
       words: 1155
      flesch: 85
     summary: p. 31 ( ) ( ) , 2 1 ,c.c. 2 **** 3 0** 2 0 δδγγββααδγβα −+−=++= L i L ( ) ( ) ,c.c. 2 1 ,c.c. 2 1 ** 1 1** 0 1 ++=++= βγδαδβγα LL ( ) ( ) c.c. 2 1 , 2 1 ** 1 0**** 0 0 ++=+++= δγβαδδγγββαα LL Carvajal-Gámez et al. / BIBECHANA (2015) 30-34:
    keywords: c.c
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        item: #28 of 374
          id: bibechana-11672
      author: Shrivastava, Ankitesh; Ganguly, S. K.; Verma, Ajay
       title: Implementation of designed jigs and fixtures for hand operated press in production of mainframe for paddy-weeder
        date: 2014
       words: 1872
      flesch: 58
     summary: Journal homepage: http://nepjol.info/index.php/BIBECHANA Implementation of designed jigs and fixtures for hand operated press in production of mainframe for paddy-weeder Ankitesh Shrivastava 1* , S.K. Ganguly 2 , Ajay Verma 3 1 Production Engineering, Bhilai Institute of Technology, Durg (C.G.), India. The reduction in operations to half, proved helpful in reducing the time consumed in manufacturing operation.
    keywords: bending; fig; fixtures; jigs; production
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        item: #29 of 374
          id: bibechana-11681
      author: Yasin, Mohd Yusuf
       title: Simplified approach to DFT computation for nonprogrammable scientific calculators
        date: 2014
       words: 2195
      flesch: 66
     summary: But in practical computations, a little manipulation can lead to simpler computations for the above analysis, which can be run on a simple non-programmable calculator. All common calculators do not permit complex computations like those advised in Equations (14) - (15) or Equations (18) - (19) for Yasin./ BIBECHANA 12 (2015) 13-19:
    keywords: computation; dft; fourier
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        item: #30 of 374
          id: bibechana-11687
      author: Ahmad, Jamshad; Mohyud-Din, Syed Tauseef
       title: On some nonlinear fractional PDEs in physics
        date: 2014
       words: 3513
      flesch: 74
     summary: Definitions Definition 2.1 Jumarie’s fractional derivative [24-25] is a modified Riemann-Liouville derivative defied as ������� = &'( ') � Γ�*α� + �x − t�*α*��f�t� − f�0��dt, α < 0 /0 , � Γ��*α� 11/ + �x − t�*α�f�t� − f�0��dt, 0 < �����.
    keywords: k �; k2y �; t �; − �; � k1x; � x; � −; � �
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        item: #31 of 374
          id: bibechana-11699
      author: Kantha, B. K.; Chakrabarti, S. K.; Jha, I. S.; Singh, B. P.
       title: Impact of eigenvalues on the electron-phonon coupling strength of aluminium and its binary alloys
        date: 2014
       words: 1116
      flesch: 65
     summary: I. S. Jha 2 , B. P. Singh 3 1 Department of Chemistry, M. M. A. M. Campus, Tribhuvan University, Biratnagar, Nepal 2Department of Physics, M. M. A. M. Campus, Tribhuvan University, Biratnagar, Nepal 3Department of Physics, T. M. Bhagalpur University, Bhagalpur, Bihar, India *E-mail: skc_2007@yahoo.com Accepted for publication: December 10, 2014 Keywords: Superconducting state parameter; orthogonalised plane wave parameter; eigenvalue; form factor.
    keywords: aluminium; eigenvalues; form
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        item: #32 of 374
          id: bibechana-11702
      author: Khadka, Jang Bahadur; Joshi, Bhawani Datt
       title: Molecular electrostatic potential, HOMO-LUMO and vibrational study of aristolochic acid II using density functional theory
        date: 2014
       words: 5177
      flesch: 64
     summary: [34] G.A. Guirgis, P. Klaboe, S. Shen, D.L. Powell, A. Gruodis, V. Aleksa, C.J. Nielsen, J. Tao, C. Zheng and J.R. Durig, J. Raman Spectrosc., 34 (2003) 322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jrs.989 [35] P.L. Polavarapu, J. Phys. The wagging, deformation and rocking of C=O are calculated at 800/889, 665/721 and 431/464 cm-1 in the DFT/HF showing good agreements with the observed wavenumbers at 791/797, 650/672 and 420/430 cm-1 in the IR/Raman spectra. Table 3.
    keywords: cm-1; dft; joshi; molecule; raman; ring; spectra; spectrum; stretching; vibrations
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        item: #33 of 374
          id: bibechana-11779
      author: Pantha, Nurapati; Acharya, Jagaran; Adhikari, Narayan Prasad
       title: First-principles study of solid methane at high pressure
        date: 2014
       words: 3181
      flesch: 67
     summary: The calculations cover a wide range of pressure values (10 GPa to 900 GPa) and reveal the change in cell-dimensions/molecular-volume as well as the band structure of solid methane. This implies the high rate of hardening of the structure at low pressures values.
    keywords: band; calculations; cell; gap; gpa; methane; phys; pressure; structure
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        item: #34 of 374
          id: bibechana-11780
      author: Nakarmi, Prabandha; Nakarmi, Jeevan Jyoti
       title: Significance of neutrino-neutrino interaction in neutrino oscillation in core-collapse supernova
        date: 2014
       words: 2308
      flesch: 71
     summary: Formalism The � − � interaction Hamiltonian can be written as [10], ��� =��√�� � ��������� ! $�%( (1) where, we defined ��� = )1 − cos -��.
    keywords: core; interaction; neutrino; − �; � �
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        item: #35 of 374
          id: bibechana-11781
      author: Singh, B. P.; Singh, B. K.; Jha, I. S.; Shrestha, G. K.; Koirala, I.; Adhikari, D.
       title: Study of size mismatches effect on transport properties in Cu-Sb and Cu-Sn liquid alloys
        date: 2014
       words: 2979
      flesch: 62
     summary: 4. Conclusions Our studies of size mismatch effects on the transport properties of Cu-Sb at 1190K and Cu-Sn at 1400K have led to the following submissions: The size mismatch is either solely or at least majorly responsible for the asymmetry and shaping of the asymmetry in each of the two alloys. However, it has been observed that establishing an empirical model that will link thermodynamics and transport properties of binary liquid alloys was a difficult task.
    keywords: alloys; c c; size
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        item: #36 of 374
          id: bibechana-11783
      author: Shah, Riddhi Jung
       title: On contact conformal curvature tensor in trans-Sasakian manifolds
        date: 2014
       words: 3696
      flesch: 84
     summary: − − − − − (2.12) ( )( ) ( )( ), , , ,R X Y Z g R X Y Zη ξ= − (2.13) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ), , , 0,R X Y R X R Xη ξ η ξ ξ η ξ ξ= = = (2.14) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )2 2 , , .R − − − (2.23) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ){ } 0 2 2 , , 2 , , , C X Y Z R X Y Z g Y Z X g X Z Y η η α β η η = + − − − (2.24) ( )( )0 , 0,C X Yη ξ = (2.25) ( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ){ }2 2 0 , 2 1 , .C
    keywords: y z; − −
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        item: #37 of 374
          id: bibechana-11784
      author: Yadav, S. K.; Jha, L. N.; Adhikari, D.
       title: Thermodynamic and structural behaviour of Tl-Na liquid alloy
        date: 2014
       words: 4212
      flesch: 66
     summary: The phase diagram of the Tl-Na alloys, [25] shows the existence of two phases, such as �, ���� (with fcc protopype structure and �, ����� (with end centered-orthorhombic structure). In this work we have assumed the presence of ���� complex as energetically favoured in the liquid state of Tl-Na alloy at 673 K and studied its thermodynamic and microscopic structural properties.
    keywords: + �; liquid; values; � �
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        item: #38 of 374
          id: bibechana-11787
      author: Yadav, Shiv Narayan; Saurer, Walter; Aryal, Binil
       title: A Study of co-existence between the Hubble flow and the random alignments of spin vectors of SDSS galaxies
        date: 2014
       words: 6002
      flesch: 61
     summary: Galaxies are not isolated objects in space; rather, galaxies are distributed in great cosmic waves of filaments throughout the universe [1]. ; %azimuthal angle delta1 = delta1.*180/pi; % changing to degrees delta2 = delta2.*180/pi; eta1 = eta1.*180/pi; eta2 = eta2.*180/pi; delta=[delta1; delta2]; %polar angle eta=[eta1; eta2]; %azimuthal angle vec=[-90:5:90]; %making 36 bins of 5_ interval (delta n, dx) = hist(delta, vec); %histogram showing polar angle distribution (eta n,dx) = hist(eta, vec); %histogram showing azimuthal angle distributiion delta n = delta n' %placing theta in column matrix eta n = eta n' %placing phi in column matrix sprintf('Calculation time: %f seconds ',cputime-t)
    keywords: angle; angle distribution; distribution; error; fourier; galaxies; limit; solutions
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        item: #39 of 374
          id: bibechana-11789
      author: Basnet, Nabin; Bhattarai, Ajaya
       title: Conductometric study of nickel chloride in ethanol-water mixed solvent media at various temperatures
        date: 2014
       words: 2959
      flesch: 57
     summary: Specific conductance of NiCl2 in various % (v/v) of Ethanol at 298.15 K (Mol/L) 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 1 0.100 12.89 10.13 8.14 6.70 5.66 4.75 3.99 3.15 2.27 1.07 2 0.080 10.85 8.54 6.82 5.62 4.62 3.95 3.35 2.67 1.95 0.91 3 0.060 8.30 6.54 5.26 4.31 3.35 3.07 2.59 2.07 1.52 0.71 4 0.040 5.70 4.43 3.59 2.95 2.47 2.07 1.79 1.43 1.03 0.51 5 0.020 3.07 2.39 1.99 1.63 1.39 1.15 0.99 0.83 0.68 0.31 6 0.010 1.87 1.47 1.27 1.07 0.91 0.83 0.75 0.63 0.47 0.23 7 0.008 1.51 1.23 1.15 1.03 0.83 0.71 0.63 0.55 0.35 0.19 Table 2: Concentration and Sp. conductance (κ, mS/cm) of NiCl2 in various % (v/v) of Ethanol at 303.15 K S.N. Conc. Specific conductance of NiCl2 in various % (v/v) of Ethanol at 303.15 K (Mol/L) 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 1 0.100 14.65 11.73 9.50 7.82 6.50 5.54 4.35 3.59 2.55 1.21 2 0.080 12.45 9.90 7.98 6.54 5.54 4.60 3.79 3.03 2.15 0.95 3 0.060 9.58 7.62 6.14 5.02 4.23 3.59 2.91 2.39 1.71 0.79 4 0.040 6.54 5.22 4.27 3.51 2.87 2.47 2.03 1.63 1.23 0.55 5 0.020 3.55 2.95 2.35 1.91 1.51 1.35 1.19 0.99 0.75 0.35 6 0.010 1.91 1.71 1.43 1.15 0.95 0.83 0.75 0.67 0.55 0.31 7 0.008 1.63 1.51 1.27 1.03 0.87 0.75 0.67 0.55 0.43 0.27 Table 3: Concentration and Sp. conductance (κ, mS/cm) of NiCl2 in various % (v/v) of Ethanol at 308.15 K S.N. Conc.
    keywords: concentration; conductance; ethanol; solvent; water
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        item: #40 of 374
          id: bibechana-11796
      author: Adhikari, Devendra
       title: Thanks to reviewers
        date: 2014
       words: 185
      flesch: 58
     summary: Dr. B.P. Singh, T.M. Bhagalpur University, Bhagalpur, India. Prof. B.K. Singh, T.M. Bhagalpur University, Bhagalpur.
    keywords: university
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        item: #41 of 374
          id: bibechana-11797
      author: Koirala, R. P.; Singh, B. P.; Jha, I. S.; Adhikari, D.
       title: Viscosity of liquid Na-K alloy
        date: 2014
       words: 4571
      flesch: 55
     summary: Broadly, the properties of liquid alloys can be studied mainly under two distinct groups of theoretical models, the statistical mechanical model and electronic models. Over the past years, several theoretical models have been developed to assess the properties of liquid alloys and efforts have been on the move for future investigations.
    keywords: alloy; atoms; concentration; energy; equation; liquid; mixing; viscosity
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        item: #42 of 374
          id: bibechana-13311
      author: Chapagain, NP
       title: Variability of the atmospheric ozone over Kathmandu using ground-based measurements
        date: 2015
       words: 2724
      flesch: 62
     summary: The total ozone data obtained from Brewer instrument are analyzed to study the daily variations of total ozone over Kathmandu on different seasons. Keywords: Brewer spectrophotometer; Dobson unit; Ozone depletion; Stratosphere; Total ozone.
    keywords: brewer; february; kathmandu; measurements; ozone; value
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        item: #43 of 374
          id: bibechana-13321
      author: Khan, MAA; Hassan, MR; Thapa, RR
       title: Study of the stability of the perturbed solutions of the restricted three body problem
        date: 2015
       words: 1240
      flesch: 68
     summary: Case I: ( )2/w,0o  (i) K-even, m-odd, S*= oC4 K M.A.A. Khan et al./ BIBECHANA 13 (2016) 18-22 : RCOST p.20 (Online Publication: Dec., 2015) m)1(A 2/)1mK(* 11   m)1(A 2/)1mK(* 44   o 2/)1mK(* 14 Cn2 m )1(A    0A* 41  Substituting these values in (3), we get 0m)1(ms2)1(S 221mK2/)1mK(2   m)1(S 2/)1mK(   m Let us change S by   1 1 . (iii) K- odd, m – odd, S* oC4 K 2/)mK( o * 41 2/)mK( C2 1* 14 2/)mK(* 44 * 11 )1(C2A )1(A,)1(n/2A,0A o     Substituting these values in equation (3), we get 0ns2ns2  Whose roots are real.
    keywords: solutions
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        item: #44 of 374
          id: bibechana-13341
      author: Joshi, Leela Pradhan
       title: Prunus domestica dye extraction for fabrication of zinc oxide based dye-sensitized solar cells
        date: 2015
       words: 1975
      flesch: 61
     summary: 3. Results and Discussion 3.1 Structural Properties Figure 1 shows the X-ray diffraction pattern of ZnO film deposited on FTO substrate. We calculated the average crystallite size of ZnO film by measuring the full width half maximum of peaks using the Debye Leela Pradhan Joshi/ BIBECHANA 13 (2016) 23-28 : RCOST p.25 (Online Publication: Dec., 2015)
    keywords: dye; films; fto; solution; zinc; zno
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        item: #45 of 374
          id: bibechana-13344
      author: Adelakun, KM; Adeola, AJ; Ayeni, SM; Bakare, K
       title: Perception of fish farmers to wildlife predator attacks of fish ponds in Borgu Local Government Area of Niger State, Nigeria
        date: 2015
       words: 2918
      flesch: 56
     summary: Fish predators are attracted to farm ponds by abundant food supplies and specific habitats hence many generate human-wildlife conflicts by causing stock losses and physical destruction at aquaculture facilities No 10 31.25 No response 1 3.13 Respondent preference for predator attack Yes - - No 30 93.75 No response 2 6.26 Daily time of attack Morning 4 12.5 Afternoon - - Night 7 21.88 Both day and night 21 65.63 Frequency of the attack Occasionally 9 28.13 Weekly 2 6.25 Season of attack Dry season 16 50.0 Rainy season 9 28.13 All year round 7 21.88 Stage of fish predators mostly attack Fry 3 9.38 Fingerling 19 59.38 Juvenile 6 18.75 Grow-out 5 15.63 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 Monitor lizard Bird Snake Wildcat Frog No of respondent Pr ed at or s a tt ac ki ng p on ds K.M.
    keywords: area; fish; predation; predators; prey; respondents; species; study; wildlife
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        item: #46 of 374
          id: bibechana-13351
      author: Pradhan, Piyush; Verma, Ajay; Naik, Rajesh; Guru, Prabhat
       title: Traction and drawbar performance characteristics of power tiller attached cage wheel
        date: 2015
       words: 3033
      flesch: 69
     summary: As increasing of draft up to 1166 N in cage wheel tractive efficiency increases maximum at 69.86% and then further decreases but draft increases continuous increases to 1192 N Fig (6&7). To evaluate drawbar and tractive power of 4.85kW of power tiller cultivator attached with two different types of cage wheel of half width (C1) and angle type wheels (C2) for a small power tiller operated in clay soil of wet land and flood condition.
    keywords: cage; draft; drawbar; efficiency; power; soil; tractive; wheel
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        item: #47 of 374
          id: bibechana-13356
      author: Paudyal, Hari; Pantha, Nurapati; Adhikari, Narayan Prasad
       title: First-principles study of a molecular adsorption of fluorine on monolayer MoS2
        date: 2015
       words: 3288
      flesch: 60
     summary: The section is followed by the discussion of adsorption properties of F2 on pure MoS2 monolayer. From the geometry and in- formation of adsorption energy of F2 molecule on the different occupation sites of MoS2 monolayer, it has been found that Fluorine prefers atomic adsorption above sulphur (S) atom.
    keywords: adsorption; atom; energy; molecule; monolayer; mos2; plane
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        item: #48 of 374
          id: bibechana-13359
      author: Koirala, RP; Singh, BP; Jha, IS; Adhikari, D
       title: Energetics and local order in In-based liquid alloys
        date: 2015
       words: 3923
      flesch: 59
     summary: On the basis of this assumption the expressions for thermodynamic and microscopic functions are derived for binary liquid alloy. The mixing behaviour of binary liquid alloys is described as ordering or segregating depending on the nature of arrangement of atoms of the constituent metals in the alloys.
    keywords: alloys; concentration; liquid; mixing
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        item: #49 of 374
          id: bibechana-13394
      author: Ahmed, Jamshad; Hussain, Faizan
       title: Analytical solution of system of differential equations by variational iteration method
        date: 2015
       words: 3342
      flesch: 82
     summary: (7)   ,1,1  x   ,1,2  x and   ,1,3  x Thus Eq. (7) becomes  (8) gives,   
    keywords:  ;  ;  
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        item: #50 of 374
          id: bibechana-13416
      author: Koirala, I; Singh, BP; Jha, IS
       title: Thermodynamic and structural investigations on mixing behavior of hetero-coordinated Al-based alloys in the fusion state
        date: 2015
       words: 2958
      flesch: 59
     summary: Theoretical formalism The excess free energy of mixing for binary alloys is obtained by solving the grand partition function in the framework of simple statistical model [16,17]. 3. Results and discussion For the computation of thermodynamic and structural functions of binary alloys, the basic input parameter is interchange energy (ω), which is concentration independent but dependent of temperature
    keywords: alloys; concentration; energy; values
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        item: #51 of 374
          id: bibechana-13437
      author: Lamichhane, S; Aryal, B; Kaphle, GC; Adhikari, NP
       title: Structural and electronic properties of perovskite hydrides ACaH3 (A=Cs and Rb)
        date: 2015
       words: 2196
      flesch: 64
     summary: 3. Results and discussion The new findings from the calculations of band structures, DOS, charge density and potential distributions are described as follows. Our estimated values of band gap suggest to both materials as better candidate for the high frequency ultra-violet devices.
    keywords: band; cscah3; density; potential; rbcah3; states
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        item: #52 of 374
          id: bibechana-13443
      author: Yadav, SK; Jha, LN; Adhikari, D
       title: Thermodynamic, structural, transport and surface properties of Pb-Tl liquid alloy
        date: 2015
       words: 5181
      flesch: 56
     summary: These multidisciplinary uses of Tl have attracted considerable attentions of the modern day researchers to predict the thermodynamic and structural properties of Tl based alloys. The surface concentration of Tl atoms has been computed and it has been employed to calculate the surface tension of Pb-Tl liquid alloy.
    keywords: alloy; concentration; mixing; surface; values
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        item: #53 of 374
          id: bibechana-13887
      author: Bhattarai, Ajaya; Pathak, Kavita; Dev, Bikash
       title: Micellization behavior of mixed surfactants in pure water and methanol-water mixed solvent media by density methods
        date: 2015
       words: 2744
      flesch: 54
     summary: While here, in our case new improvement has been done by measuring density in both higher and lower concentration range of mixed surfactants and the cmc has been calculated (fig 2) and the cmcs are found to be increased for both the anionic-rich and cationic-rich mixtures by the addition of methanol in pure water. It is evident that density exhibits almost increase with increasing concentration of anionic-rich (SDS-DTAB) and cationic-rich (DTAB-SDS) solutions as shown in Figs 1A and 1B. In fact, the variation of density with mixed surfactant concentrations is always found to be linear in higher concentration range and such trend was also observed previously [9] whereas in the lower concentration range, a break can be seen with the decreasing pattern in densities.
    keywords: concentration; density; dtab; methanol; sds; water
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        item: #54 of 374
          id: bibechana-13983
      author: Mahasetha, Vinod Kumar
       title: Food and feeding habit of Tor putitora of Mahakali River, Nepal
        date: 2015
       words: 4469
      flesch: 71
     summary: Quantitative analysis Quantitative study of fish food in each intestinal bulb was measured by Hynes Protozoa This group of food item was found during several months in the entire study period, but in little amount.
    keywords: fish; food; group; gut; month; putitora; study; year
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        item: #55 of 374
          id: bibechana-13985
      author: Yadav, RN; Chakrabarti, SK; Jha, IS; Yadav, UP
       title: Finite partially ordered set and some of its properties
        date: 2015
       words: 1788
      flesch: 75
     summary: Theorem 3 Let p1 p2 be the fall list of maximal elements in P. For example, the poset P in Fig. 1 has maximal elements e and f.
    keywords: poset; theorem
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        item: #56 of 374
          id: bibechana-13987
      author: Adhikari, Devendra
       title: Thanks to reviewers
        date: 2015
       words: 98
      flesch: 60
     summary: Mandal B.P. Singh Robert Gardner M.S. Pukhta Martin Lopez Corredoira Yongde D. Meng Aditya M. Vora Y. Kimura Daniel S. Simson E. A. Salehpoor Binod Bhattarai M. Y. Ukirmizi Jagadish Bhattarai P. R. Vajeeston Nirajan Sharma A. Firoozabadi P.R. Reviewers for Volume 13 (2016) Shohail Murad Nicola Seriani Alev Doğan Subrata Kr.
    keywords: reviewers
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        item: #57 of 374
          id: bibechana-15405
      author: Chapagain, Narayan P
       title: Equatorial ionospheric plasma drifts velocities using radar observations
        date: 2016
       words: 2703
      flesch: 62
     summary: [12] reported the model results of zonal plasma drift velocity obtained from Jicamarca incoherent scatter (ISR) radar observations and they investigated that the zonal drifts velocities were westward during the day and eastward during the night-time period. [3] reported that Jicamarca plasma zonal drifts are westward during the day with typical values of about 40 m/s, and they do not change much with altitude, season, and solar activity.
    keywords: drifts; plasma; radar; time; westward
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        item: #58 of 374
          id: bibechana-15407
      author: Tambunga, Gabriel James
       title: General relativity, quantum behavior and Doppler factor basics in laser-driven light sailing and solar sailing
        date: 2016
       words: 2632
      flesch: 52
     summary: That is, according to current viewpoints [2, 3], the http://nepjol.info/index.php/BIBECHANA mailto:mexicanengineer911@gmail.com http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bibechana.v14i0.15407 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ Gabriel James Tambunga / BIBECHANA 14 (2017) 9-15 : RCOST p.10 (Online Publication: Dec., 2016) reflector should be in motion, a kinetic energy, after a reflection, but the paper indicated the reflector should not be in motion as kinetic energy cannot be gained per the conservation of energy. As there is no excess energy for the atom or molecule to be in motion after absorption, then the momentum of the photon must be changed to momentum within the atom or molecule, similar to the way a photons energy changes to an electrons excited energy state within an atom or molecule.
    keywords: energy; molecule; momentum; photon
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        item: #59 of 374
          id: bibechana-15410
      author: Singh, B K; Singh, Sudhir; Mandal, Golak Kumar; Singh, Dhiraj Kumar
       title: Temperature dependence of entropy of mixing of liquid alkali alloys
        date: 2016
       words: 3349
      flesch: 71
     summary: In the present work, a semi-empirical technique, without undergoing a rigorous first principle calculation attempt has B.K. Singh et al./ BIBECHANA 14 (2017) 16-29 : RCOST p.17 B.K. Singh et al./ BIBECHANA 14 (2017) 16-29 : RCOST p.19 (Online Publication: Dec., 2016) 3. Results and Discussion In Table 1.
    keywords: alloys; entropy; singh; temperature
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        item: #60 of 374
          id: bibechana-15412
      author: Mutuma, J; Wakhungu, J; Mutai, C
       title: The socio economic effect of cancer on patients’ livelihoods in Kenyan house holds
        date: 2016
       words: 4199
      flesch: 53
     summary: The result revealed poverty, late and poor cancer diagnosis and lack of medical cover were found to be the top ranking serious challenges facing cancer patients in the country. Additionally, cancer patients experience psycho socio and economic issues including worry, social stigma, lowered self-esteem, employment factors, impact on family and relationships, an increased sense of vulnerability, uncertainty about the future, and fear of death [4].
    keywords: cancer; health; income; kenya; patients; respondents; study; treatment
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        item: #61 of 374
          id: bibechana-15715
      author: Mishra, K K; Limbu, H K; Yadav, B; Khan, A K; Jha, I S; Adhikari, D
       title: Thermodynamic, structural, surface and transport properties of Zn-Cd liquid alloy at 800 K
        date: 2016
       words: 4423
      flesch: 58
     summary: = 𝑅𝑇[𝑐𝑙𝑛(1 − 𝛽) − ln⁡(1 − 𝛽𝑐)] (3) 𝐺(𝜔) = 𝑐(1 − 𝑐)𝜔 (1 − 𝛽𝑐)⁄ (4) To study the atomic order of binary liquid alloy it is important to understand the behavior of the long wavelength limit of the concentration- concentration structure factor (Scc(0)) and is given as [10,17,18] 𝑆𝐶𝐶(0)
    keywords: alloys; energy; liquid; mixing; values
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        item: #62 of 374
          id: bibechana-15860
      author: Raut, Nabin Kumar; Lamichhane, Hari Prasad
       title: Effect of additional side groups on the vibrational frequencies of benzoquinone molecules
        date: 2016
       words: 3238
      flesch: 67
     summary: [5] M. J. Frisch, G. W. Trucks, H. B. Schlegel, G. E. Scuseria, M. A. Robb, J. R. Cheeseman, Jr., J. A. Montgomery, T. Vreven, K. N. Kudin, J. C. Burant, J. M. Millam, S. S. Iyengar, J. Tomasi, V. Barone, B. Mennucci, M. Cossi, G. Scalmani, N. Rega, G. A. Petersson, H. Nakatsuji, M. Hada, M. Ehara, K. Toyota, R. Fukuda, J. Hasegawa, M. Ishida, T. Nakajima, Y. Honda, O. Kitao, H. Nakai, M. Klene, X. Li, J. E. Knox, H. P. Hratchian, J. B. Cross, V. Bakken, C. Adamo, J. Jaramillo, R. Gomperts, R. E. Stratmann, O. Yazyev, A. J. Austin, R. Cammi, C. Pomelli, J. W. Ochterski, P. Y. Ayala, K. Morokuma, G. A. Voth, P. Salvador, J. J. Dannenberg, V. G. Zakrzewski, S. Dapprich, A. D. Daniels, M. C. Strain, O. Farkas, D. K. Malick, A. D. Rabuck, K. Raghavachari, J. B. Foresman, J. V. Ortiz, Q. Cui, A. G. Baboul, S. Clifford, J. Cioslowski, B. B. Stefanov, G. Liu, A. Liashenko, P. Piskorz, I. Komaromi, R. L. Martin, D. J. Fox, T. Keith, M. A. Al-Laham, C. Y. Peng, A. Nanayakkara, M. Challacombe, P. M. W. Gill, B. Johnson, W. Chen, M. W. Wong, C. Gonzalez, and J. A. Pople, Gaussian, Inc., Wallingford CT, (2004). In the spectra of BQ, PQ, and DQ, we observed separate intense carbonyl (C=O) and C=C bands respectively around 1730 cm-1 (intense), 1645 cm-1 (weak).
    keywords: cm-1; mqo; phase; spectra
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        item: #63 of 374
          id: bibechana-15871
      author: Adhikari, Chom Nath; Shrivastav, G S; Bhattarai, Ajaya
       title: Micellization Behavior of Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide in Presence and Absence of Na2SO4 and MgSO4 in Aqueous media
        date: 2016
       words: 2819
      flesch: 61
     summary: The results showed an increase in viscosity with increase in concentration of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide in presence and absence of salts where as the decrease in surface tension with increase in concentration of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide in presence and absence of salts. The following equation is used to calculate the surface tension of required solution: solv solv lnso lnso solv lnso d d n n              (3) where, γ soln = surface tension of solution γ solv = surface tension of solvent nsoln = number of drops of solution nsolv = number of drops of solvent dsoln = density of solution dsolv = density of solvent If the surface tension of one of the liquids is known then that of the other can be easily calculated from the equation (3).
    keywords: cmc; ctab; mgso4; na2so4; presence; surface; tension; water
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        item: #64 of 374
          id: bibechana-15892
      author: Joshi, Bhawani Dutt
       title: NBO, chemical reactivity, thermodynamic properties and hyperpolarizability analysis of aristolochic acid II
        date: 2016
       words: 4427
      flesch: 57
     summary: [10] M.J. Frisch, G.W. Trucks, H.B. Schlegel, G.E. Scuseria, M.A. Robb, J.R. Cheeseman, G. Scalmani, V. Barone, B. Mennucci, G.A. Petersson, H. Nakatsuji, M. Caricato, X. Li, H.P. Hratchian, A.F. Izmaylov, J. Bloino, G. Zheng, J. L. Sonnenberg, M. Hada, M. Ehara, K. Toyota, R. Fukuda, J. Hasegawa, M. Ishida, T. Nakajima, Y. Honda, O. Kitao, H. Nakai, T. Vreven, J. A. Montgomery, Jr., J.E. Peralta, F. Ogliaro, M. Bearpark, J.J. Heyd, E. Brothers, K.N. Kudin, V.N. Staroverov, R. Kobayashi, J. Normand, K. Raghavachari, A. Rendell, J.C. Burant, S. S. Iyengar, J. Tomasi, M. Cossi, N. Rega, J.M. Millam, M. Klene, J.E. Knox, J.B. Cross, V. Bakken, C. Adamo, J. Jaramillo, R. Gomperts, R.E. Stratmann, O. Yazyev, A.J. Austin, R. Cammi, C. Pomelli, J. W. Ochterski, R.L. Martin, K. Morokuma, V.G. Zakrzewski, G.A. Voth, P. Salvador, J.J. Dannenberg, S. Dapprich, A.D. Daniels, O. Farkas, J.B. Foresman, J. V. Ortiz, J. Cioslowski, and D.J. Fox, Gaussian, Inc., Wallingford CT, (2009). Higher the value of stabilization energy E(2) more is the intensity of the interaction between electron donors and electron acceptors, i.e. the more donating tendency from electron donors to electron acceptors.
    keywords: bibechana; chemical; energy; joshi; molecule; nbo; properties
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        item: #65 of 374
          id: bibechana-15988
      author: Mahasetha, Vinod Kumar
       title: Primary Productivity of Phytoplankton of Mahakali River, Nepal
        date: 2016
       words: 1855
      flesch: 63
     summary: Abstract Present paper describes primary productivity of Mahakali river at four stations. The values of primary productivity of phytoplankton were observed during the whole study period (September 2003 – August 2005).
    keywords: day; mgc; productivity; river; water
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        item: #66 of 374
          id: bibechana-16019
      author: Bhandari, M
       title: Anxiety and depression among adolescent students at higher secondary school
        date: 2016
       words: 2895
      flesch: 48
     summary: Conclusion It can be concluded that Adolescent depression and anxiety are significant mental health problems. In the United States, prevalence studies of childhood and adolescent anxiety disorders in the general population have yielded overall rates of between 17 and 21% as reported by Kashani & Orvaschel [5].
    keywords: adolescent; anxiety; depression; respondents; students; study
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        item: #67 of 374
          id: bibechana-16507
      author: Shah, Riddhi Jung
       title: On contact conformal curvature tensor in LP-Sasakian manifolds
        date: 2017
       words: 3080
      flesch: 90
     summary:    ,,1 2  XXX  (2.2)       ,,, XYYXgYXR   (2.12)   
    keywords: manifold; sasakian;  ;  12;  ;  
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        item: #68 of 374
          id: bibechana-18279
      author: Shrivastava, Abhishek
       title: Design and development of low-range frequency modulated signal (F.M.) transmitter
        date: 2017
       words: 1784
      flesch: 54
     summary: Furthermore, FM signals are less prone to interference as compared to AM signals due to higher bandwidth. Final Transmission of FM signal Now, the signal after amplification by BJT is further modulated with carrier signal generated by tank circuit.
    keywords: capacitor; circuit; frequency; signal; transmitter
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        item: #69 of 374
          id: bibechana-18306
      author: Limbu, H K; Mishra, K K; Sah, A K; Jha, I S; Adhikari, D
       title: Theoretical investigation of mixing properties of Sb-Sn binary liquid alloy at 905K
        date: 2017
       words: 4532
      flesch: 56
     summary: For ideal mixing, 𝐷𝑀/𝐷𝑖𝑑 approaches 1 Viscosity is one of the transport properties of binary liquid alloy. [2] V. Vassiliev, Y. Feutelais, M. Sghaier, B. Legendre, Thermodynamic investigation in In–Sb, Sb–Sn and In–Sb–Sn liquid systems, J. Alloys Compd. 314 (2001) 198–205.
    keywords: alloy; concentration; energy; liquid; mixing; surface; values
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        item: #70 of 374
          id: bibechana-18344
      author: Pandey, Bikram; Ray, Ram Babu; Kaphle, Gopi Chandra
       title: First-principles study of structural, electronic and magnetic properties of Co-based quaternary Heusler compounds: CoFeCrAl, CoFeTiAs, CoFeCrGa and CoMnVAs
        date: 2017
       words: 3888
      flesch: 62
     summary: The study of spin band structure in detail reveals that a small overlap of band around the fermi level although bands does not cross with each other as shown figure (4c), thus we can conclude that CoFeTiAs, is half-metal also possible candidate for SGS i.e. nearly spin-gap less semiconductor. From the calculation of electronic band structure and spin polarized total density of states (DOS), we found that CoFeCrAl and CoFeCrGa are spin-gapless semiconductors with half-metallic gap of 0.82eV and 0.25eV respectively.
    keywords: band; cofecral; cofecrga; compounds; gap; half; heusler; spin; structure
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        item: #71 of 374
          id: bibechana-18347
      author: Ahmad, Jamshad; Hamid, Zobia
       title: Analytical approximate solution of higher order boundary value problems via variational iteration method
        date: 2017
       words: 1916
      flesch: 57
     summary: Keywords: Nonlinear BVP; Variational iteration method; Approximate solution. [3] B. D. Yuliyanto, Variational iteration method for solving the population dynamics model of two species, IOP Conf.
    keywords: method
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        item: #72 of 374
          id: bibechana-18385
      author: Joshi, Bhawani Datt; Chaudhary, Manoj Kumar
       title: NBO, nonlinear optical and thermodynamic properties of 10-Acetyl-10H-phenothiazine 5-oxide
        date: 2017
       words: 3649
      flesch: 58
     summary: E��� � �n� σ|F|σ�� E�∗ � E�⁄ � � �n��F��� ∆E⁄ � whereF��� is the Fock matrix element between i and j NBO orbital, E�and E�∗are the energies of �and �*NBO’s, and n� is the population of the donor orbital. The total static dipole moment (μ�), mean polarizability (∆α�, anisotropy of polarizability (|α�|� and first hyperpolarizability (β�� can be expressed as [20]: μ� � (μ$� + μ%� + μ&�*+ �⁄ |α�| � 13 (α$$ + α%% + α&&* ∆α � 12 -(α$$ � α%%*� + (α%% � α&&*� + �α&& � α$$�� + 6α$$� .+ �⁄ β� � -(β$$$ + β$%% + β$&&*� + (β%%% + β$$% + β%&&*� + (β&&& + β$$& + β%%&*�.+ �⁄ The dipole moment, mean polarizability, anisotropy of polarizability and first hyperpolarizability of the title compound have been calculated and listed in the Table 4.
    keywords: analysis; c12; electron; energy; kcal; mol; nbo; orbital; properties; � �
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        item: #73 of 374
          id: bibechana-18443
      author: Jha, A K; Aryal, B
       title: A study of far infrared loop at -5o galactic latitude around pulsar J1627-5547
        date: 2017
       words: 2646
      flesch: 67
     summary: The dust color temperature of the core region is found to lie in the range 25.26 ± 0.09 K to 27.91 ± 0.09 K, whereas the value of dust color temperature increased to 36.72 ± 0.18 K for the outer region. Keywords: ISM; Far infrared loops; Dust color temperature and Dust mass; inclination angle.
    keywords: color; core; dust; loop; mass; region; temperature
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        item: #74 of 374
          id: bibechana-18455
      author: Verma, Ajay; Shrivastava, Ankitesh
       title: Design and development of shovel type-spring steel furrow opener for cultivator mounted seed metering mechanism
        date: 2017
       words: 1931
      flesch: 67
     summary: Introduction In the trend of growth of power operated machinery, cultivators and seed drill are the equipment mostly used by farmers. Conclusion The seed rate of cultivator-cum-seed drill was found to be 80.87 kg/ha when seed drill was half filled and flute exposure was 14.9 mm and that of conventional seed drill was found to be 80.26 kg/ha.
    keywords: cultivator; drill; furrow; seed
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        item: #75 of 374
          id: bibechana-18470
      author: Shrestha, G K; Jha, I S; Singh, B K
       title: Theoretical investigations on temperature dependence of thermodynamic properties and concentration fluctuations of In-Tl binary liquid alloys by optimization method
        date: 2017
       words: 7167
      flesch: 55
     summary: Further, the optimized value of partial excess free energy of mixing of the constituent X(≡ In) and Y(≡Tl) in In-Tl liquid alloys are respectively given by ���,44f (#, �� = (1 − #�> ∑ ��k� � v (��[2#(@ + 1� − 1] (2c − 1 ��,+ (24) and ���,24f (#, �� = #> ∑ ��k� � v (��[2c(@ + 1� − 2@ − 1] (2c − 1��,+ (25) Table-5: Optimized values of partial excess free energy of mixing, activity coefficients and activity of both the components involved in In-Tl liquid alloys at 1223K. #lm In- component Tl-component ���,lm4� ln ;lm = ���,lm4��� ;lm Blm ln Blm ���,N�4� ln ;N� = ���,N�4��� ; N� BN� ln BN� 0.1 1951.069 0.192 1.212 0.121 -2.111 20.903 0.002 1.002 0.902 -0.103 0.2 1583.705 0.156 1.169 0.234 -1.454 85.904 0.008 1.008 0.807 -0.215 0.3 1246.097 0.123 1.130 0.339 -1.081 198.645 0.020 1.020 0.714 -0.337 0.4 941.199 0.093 1.097 0.439 -0.824 363.071 0.036 1.036 0.622 -0.475 0.5 672.217 0.066 1.068 0.534 -0.627 583.459 0.057 1.059 0.530 -0.636 0.6 442.640 0.044 1.044 0.627 -0.467 864.457 0.085 1.089 0.435 -0.831 0.7 256.276 0.025 1.026 0.718 -0.331 1211.112 0.119 1.126 0.338 -1.085 0.8 117.283 0.012 1.012 0.809 -0.212 1628.907 0.160 1.174 0.235 -1.449 0.9 30.203 0.003 1.003 0.903 -0.102 2123.796 0.209 1.232 0.123 -2.094
    keywords: alloys; concentration; energy; liquid; mixing; temperature; values; � �
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        item: #76 of 374
          id: bibechana-18488
      author: Sapkota, B B; Aryal, B; Weinberger, R
       title: Physical properties of dust particles around white dwarf in far infrared sky at 12.8o galactic latitude
        date: 2017
       words: 2656
      flesch: 65
     summary: doi.org/10.1086/339842. [4] S. L.Schnee, N. A. Ridge, N.A., Goodman, A.A, Jason, G. L. , A COMPLETE look at the use of IRAS emission maps to estimate extinction and dust temperature, Astrophysical Journal 634 (2005) 442- 450. The Gaussian parameter i.e. Gaussian centre is 2.37×1023 kg and offset mass is -0.11 kg. Fig. 8: Distribution of dust color temperature.
    keywords: density; dust; flux; mass; region; temperature
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        item: #77 of 374
          id: bibechana-18506
      author: Gautam, A K; Aryal, B
       title: Far infrared cavity of a post C-rich AGB star under IRAS survey
        date: 2017
       words: 3595
      flesch: 67
     summary: We studied the distribution of flux density, dust color temperature, dust mass in the cavity. We briefly describe a method for calculation of dust color temperature and dust mass of the dusty environment around carbon-rich post Asymptotic Giant Branch named PAGB06-02.
    keywords: agb; cavity; dust; flux; mass; shell; stars; temperature
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        item: #78 of 374
          id: bibechana-18518
      author: Shahi, Neelam; Bhattarai, Ajaya
       title: Micellisation behavior on the dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide in the presence of Brij-35 in pure water by conductivity measurement
        date: 2017
       words: 1981
      flesch: 49
     summary: Cationic surfactants are used as antifungal, antibacterial and antiseptic agents and have attracted recently more attention with reference to their DNA and lipids whereas non-ionic surfactants are useful as detergents, solubilizers and emulsifiers [8,9]. This study reveals for the determination of CMC value for cationic in the presence of non-ionic surfactants which is significant for commercial utilization and scientific interest.
    keywords: brij-35; cationic; cmc; concentration; dtab; presence; surfactant
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        item: #79 of 374
          id: bibechana-18624
      author: Yadav, S K; Jha, L N; Adhikari, D
       title: Modeling equations to predict the mixing behaviours of Al−Fe liquid alloy at different temperatures
        date: 2017
       words: 4365
      flesch: 56
     summary: The computed values of σ as a function of concentration for Al−Fe liquid alloy at 1873 K are plotted in Figure 6. 5: The computed values of DM/Did) versus concentration of Al (x1) for Al−Fe liquid alloy at different temperatures.
    keywords: alloy; liquid; properties; surface; temperatures
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        item: #80 of 374
          id: bibechana-18688
      author: Arefin, Md. Arman; Mallik, Avijit
       title: Sources and causes of water pollution in Bangladesh: A technical overview
        date: 2017
       words: 6958
      flesch: 53
     summary: Sources and causes of water pollution in Bangladesh: A technical overview Md. Water pollution is surpassing the breaking point in the greater part of the water sources, and has turned into a tremendous risk to the survival of water species.
    keywords: arefin; arman; bangladesh; bibechana; coal; dhaka; land; mallik; point; pollution; rcost; river; sources; waste; water; water pollution
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        item: #81 of 374
          id: bibechana-18718
      author: Islam, Md. Tariqul; Azad, Md Samdani; Atif, Md. Fahim; Azad, Gazi Md. Sharfaraz Imam
       title: Effect of position of irregularity in concrete frame on response to seismic forces
        date: 2017
       words: 4033
      flesch: 58
     summary: [12] FEMA440, Improvement of nonlinear static seismic analysis procedures, 2005. Seismic response of building frames with vertical structural irregularities was discussed by Valmundsson and Nau [8].
    keywords: analysis; discontinuity; fig; frames; mass; model; overhanging; pushover; story
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        item: #82 of 374
          id: bibechana-18751
      author: Koirala, R P; Koirala, I; Adhikari, D
       title: Energetics of mixing and transport phenomena in Cd-X (X=Pb, Sn) melts
        date: 2017
       words: 4002
      flesch: 52
     summary: In metallurgical science the determination of the mixing properties of liquid alloys is prerequisite for the preparation of desired materials for commercial use. Growing technological interest to the non- periodicity in the atomic arrangement of liquid alloys has led metallurgists to emphasize understanding of the high temperature dynamics of the alloys in the liquid state for the description of http://nepjol.info/index.php/BIBECHANA mailto:rpphysics@gmail.com http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bibechana.v15i0.183 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ R. P. Koirala et al. / BIBECHANA 15 (2018) 113-120: RCOST p.114 the behaviour and performance of the commercial alloys in the solid state.
    keywords: alloys; diffusion; liquid; metals; mixing; properties; viscosity
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        item: #83 of 374
          id: bibechana-18752
      author: Adhikari, Devendra
       title: Reviewers of BIBECHANA-2018
        date: 2017
       words: 65
      flesch: 95
     summary: XUEFANG DAI PROF R.N. JORDAR PROF. GULSHAN SINGH PROF D. ADHIKARI DR. CUT TIAN PROF.
    keywords: prof
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        item: #84 of 374
          id: bibechana-19190
      author: Rauniyaar, Jyoti; Aryal, Girja Mani; Neupane, Bhanu Bhakta
       title: Morphological study on particulate matter of Kathmandu valley
        date: 2018
       words: 2173
      flesch: 58
     summary: The lateral resolution of the optical microscope system used in this study was around 0.5μm, so limited resolution gives a small uncertainty in measurement in particle size. It is obvious form the figure that for all samples particle size is below 10μm with average particle size in the range of 3.5-4.8μm.
    keywords: aspect; height; kathmandu; particles; ratio; sample; size
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        item: #85 of 374
          id: bibechana-19192
      author: Chaudhary, S; Khatiwada, B; Chaudhary, N K
       title: Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of biofilm forming uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from UTI infected patients of Koshi Zonal Hospital in Biratnagar, Nepal
        date: 2018
       words: 3313
      flesch: 48
     summary: [20] E. Tajbakhsh, P. Ahmadi, E. Abedpour-Dehkordi, N. Arbab-Soleimani, F. Khamesipour, Biofilm formation, antimicrobial susceptibility, serogroups and virulence genes of uropathogenic E. coli isolated from clinical samples in Iran, Antimicrob. Results: In the present study, 45% of the urine samples showed a predominant growth of E. coli, among which 70% of isolates exhibited positive biofilm formation.
    keywords: antibiotic; biofilm; coli; pattern; resistance; samples; susceptibility; tract; upec
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        item: #86 of 374
          id: bibechana-19674
      author: Shah, Riddhi Jung
       title: Some curvature tensors in N(k)-contact metric manifold
        date: 2018
       words: 2906
      flesch: 70
     summary: Keywords: Contact manifold; )(kN -contact metric manifold; η -Einstein manifold. From (2.13) and (2.15) it follows that a )(kN -contact metric manifold is a Sasakian manifold if and only if .1=k
    keywords: -contact; manifold; metric
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        item: #87 of 374
          id: bibechana-19875
      author: Vallikkodi, M; Sudhahar, S
       title: The non-linear optical crystal growth and characterization of piperizantum p- aminobentzone
        date: 2018
       words: 1868
      flesch: 60
     summary: After 2 successive recrystallization process the good quality PZPAB crystal was harvested with in the span of 60 days. Table 1: PZPAB crystal.
    keywords: aminobenzoate; crystal; pzpab; spectrum
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        item: #88 of 374
          id: bibechana-20839
      author: Jha, Vijay Kumar; Mishra, Lekha Nath; Narayan, Bijoyendra
       title: Experimental set up for the study of plasma parameters in seeded arc plasma using Langmuir Probes inside low-cost vacuum chamber
        date: 2018
       words: 1823
      flesch: 56
     summary: Keywords: Arc plasma; vacuum chamber; plasma parameters; operational constraints; Langmuir Probe; floating Potential; electron density. These have been used for the specific types of vacuum chambers such as the beam pipes, for the experiments installed in colliders [7].
    keywords: chamber; design; parameters; plasma; probe; vacuum
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        item: #89 of 374
          id: bibechana-20865
      author: Adhikari, Puspa Raj; Upadhyay, Om Prakash; Kaphle, Gopi Chandra; Srivastava, Anurag
       title: Electronic and structural study of hexagonal TiC nanowires: ab initio study
        date: 2018
       words: 3379
      flesch: 53
     summary: In this article, a qualitative first principle discussion of TiC nanowire is reported, indicating the impact of DFT based GGA relativistic corrections on its electronic properties. For the detail analysis of electric and optical property of TiC nanowire, all the calculation are performed using density functional theory with generalized gradient approximate(GGA).
    keywords: band; bulk; density; diameter; energy; gap; material; nanowire; properties; property; structure; tic
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        item: #90 of 374
          id: bibechana-20960
      author: Gautam, A K; Aryal, B
       title: Study of far infrared cavity around a post AGB star under IRAS survey at galactic latitude -3&deg;
        date: 2018
       words: 3395
      flesch: 66
     summary: According to Schnee et al. (2005)[8], dust color temperature of the emission at a wavelength λi is given by �� � ��� � ��.�����)� (1) where , R = F(60 μm)F(100 μm) Fig. 1: (a) & (b) IRAS 60 μm and 100 μm far infrared image of the core region of AGB 08-36 centered at R.A. (J2000)= 08h 04m 07.21s and Dec.(J2000) In this article, we have calculated dust color temperature, dust mass and size.
    keywords: agb; cavity; dust; mass; temperature; � �
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        item: #91 of 374
          id: bibechana-20998
      author: Khanal, L; Upadhyay, D R; Jha, A K; Aryal, B
       title: Study of ambient environment around Asymptotic Giant Branch Carbon Star: IRAS 01142+6306
        date: 2018
       words: 3661
      flesch: 64
     summary: 4.2 Gaussian Plot of Temperature and Mass We have plotted the Gaussian plot of dust color temperature and dust mass. L. Khanal et al./ BIBECHANA 16 (2019) 31-40: RCOST p.39 (Online Publication: Dec., 2018) • Environment around IRAS 01142+6306 shows dust color temperature and dust mass of the structure which indicates a very good agreement with Gaussian distribution, and contour maps follows as expected trend slightly variation due to region affected by surrounding high pressure events.
    keywords: agb; angle; color; dust; flux; iras; mass; star; temperature
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        item: #92 of 374
          id: bibechana-21072
      author: Shrestha, Sanju; Shakya, Ambika; Sarkar, C K
       title: Study of electronic transport parameters on the heterojunction of AlGaN/GaN, grown on Sapphire: two layer model
        date: 2018
       words: 3696
      flesch: 49
     summary: This signifies that the consideration of dislocation layer as a separate layer which has thickness equal to that of the junction in the two layer model is more effective and the results obtained is convincing with the experimental data also. =10 14 m -2 n dis =7x10 14 m -2 dc M ob ili ty m 2 /V s Temperature K ii sr ac dis total pz Fig. 3: Variation of dc mobility with temperature in the heterojunction of AlGaN/GaN for various scattering mechanisms such as acoustic phonon (ac),piezoelectric (pz), surface roughness (sr), ionized impurity (ii): and only the dislocation (dis) scatterings for interfacial layer separately and also the resultant of above all scattering mechanisms(total) in the heterojunction layer considering it as a single layer.
    keywords: dislocation; fig; gan; heterojunction; layer; mobility; scattering; temperature
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        item: #93 of 374
          id: bibechana-21103
      author: Neupane, Bhanu B; Jin, Tao; Gu, Zhen; Ligler, Frances S; Wang, Gufeng
       title: Polybrominated diphenyl ethers perturb axonal growth and actin distribution
        date: 2018
       words: 5961
      flesch: 47
     summary: Cells treated under both long term and acute exposure conditions showed significantly perturbed cell growth and differentiation. Actin plays a vital role in plasma membrane morphology, cell growth, differentiation, locomotion, and transportation
    keywords: actin; bde-209; bde-47; calcium; cells; concentrations; condition; differentiation; exposure; flame; growth; pbdes; pc12
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        item: #94 of 374
          id: bibechana-21109
      author: Lamichhane, Tika Ram; Paudel, Sharma; Yadav, Binod Kumar; Lamichhane, Hari Prasad
       title: Molecular dynamics approach to the I431V mutational impact on thyroid hormone receptor-beta
        date: 2018
       words: 5493
      flesch: 66
     summary: [13] M. D. Rosen, M. L. Privalsky, Thyroid hormone receptor mutations in cancer and resistance to thyroid hormone: perspective and prognosis, J. Thyroid Research, 2011 (2011) 20.doi.org/10.4061/2011/361304. [14] M. D. Rosen, M. L. Privalsky,Thyroid hormone receptor mutations found in renal clear cell
    keywords: energy; fig; hormone; i431v; mutant; protein; residue; thrt3; thyroid; type
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        item: #95 of 374
          id: bibechana-21136
      author: Pokharel, Sunil; Khanal, Shyam Prakash; Adhikari, N P
       title: Solvation free energy of light alkanes in polar and amphiphilic environments
        date: 2018
       words: 6087
      flesch: 59
     summary: The chemical potential is given by μ = �������,� = �������,� (3) Two ensembles are particularly useful for the calculations of free energy: the canonical �NVT� ensemble and the isobaric-isothermal �NPT� ensemble. In order to calculate free energy difference, we define potential energy function which linearly depends on coupling parameters λ i.e. U� λ� such that, for λ = 0, U�� λ = 0� represents the potential energy of system A and U�� λ = 1�represents the potential energy of system B, then U�λ� = �1 − λ� U� + λU� = U� + λ� U� − U�� (8) Sunil Pokharel et al../ BIBECHANA 16 (2019) 92-105 RCOST p. 95
    keywords: alkanes; butane; energy; methane; methanol; potential; solvation; system; t �; u �; water; � �
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        item: #96 of 374
          id: bibechana-21138
      author: Yadav, S K; Sharma, P; Koirala, R P; Dhungana, A; Adhikari, D
       title: Mixing properties of Ni-Al liquid alloy at different temperatures
        date: 2018
       words: 7225
      flesch: 57
     summary: The partial excess free energies of each monomers of the liquid system are expressed as G����x, T� = x' ∑ kp�T�[�1 + 2l�x> − x']�x> − x'�p�>�p�� (23a) G ���x, T� = x>' ∑ kp�T�[x> − x'�1 + 2l�]�x> − x'�p�>�p�� (23b) The extremum values of G���/RT (=−2.0602, theoretical and = −2.0584, experimental [36]) at equiatomic concentration (x> = x' = 0.5) which corresponds that the system is strongly interacting and symmetric in nature at near to its melting temperature.
    keywords: alloy; g �; liquid; s** �; temperatures; values; � p; � �
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        item: #97 of 374
          id: bibechana-21319
      author: Bohara, Narendra Bahadur; Bhat, Lal Bahadur; Ghale, Dol Bahadur; Duwal, Nirjan; Bhattarai, Jagadeesh
       title: Investigation of the firing temperature effects on clay brick sample; Part-I: Mineralogical phase characterization
        date: 2018
       words: 3815
      flesch: 57
     summary: Materials and Methods Nine pieces of sun-dried clay brick sample specimens and one piece of fired clay brick sample from factory of Shiddi Vinayak Chimney Vatta Udhyog of Lalitpur (Nepal) were collected in this study. Microsoft Word - Bohara et al (122-130)-corrected Narendra Bahadur Bohara et al./ BIBECHANA 16 (2019) 122-130: RCOST p.122 (Online Publication: Dec., 2018) BIBECHANA A Multidisciplinary Journal of Science, Technology and Mathematics ISSN 2091-0762 (Print), 2382-5340 (0nline) Journal homepage: http://nepjol.info/index.php/BIBECHANA Publisher: Research Council of Science and Technology, Biratnagar, Nepal Investigation of the firing temperature effects on clay bricks of Kathmandu valley (Nepal); Part-I: Mineralogical phase characterization Narendra Bahadur Bohara1, Lal Bahadur Bhat1, Dol Bahadur Ghale1, Nirjan Duwal2, Jagadeesh Bhattarai1* 1Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, GPO Box 2040, Kathmandu 2St.
    keywords: brick; clay; cm–1; firing; ftir; phase; properties; samples; sun; temperature; xrd
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        item: #98 of 374
          id: bibechana-21515
      author: Limbu, Kuber; Shah, Sujit Kumar; Bhattarai, Ajaya
       title: Density and partial molar volume of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate in presence and absence of Sodium Sulfate and Zinc Sulfate in distilled water
        date: 2018
       words: 1759
      flesch: 58
     summary: Partial molar volume (pmv) of SDS has been found to be higher in distilled water and gradually decreased in other salts (Table 2 and Figure 2). Pure distilled water 0.100076 0.080061 0.060046 0.04003 0.024018 0.018014 0.012009 0.007205 0.005404 0.999567 0.997363 0.996733 0.996064 0.995749 0.995671 0.995395 0.995316 0.995238 Na2SO4 0.10008 0.080061 0.060046 0.04003 0.024018 0.018014 0.012009 0.007205 0.005404 1.000000 0.999685 0.999056 0.99819 0.997678 0.997599 0.997284 0.997166 0.997088 ZnSO4 0.100284 0.080227 0.060171 0.040114 0.024007 0.018051 0.012034 0.00722 0.005415 1.000788 0.999922 0.999213 0.998426 0.997757 0.997678 0.997481 0.997363 0.997206 Kuber Limbu et al. / BIBECHANA 16 (2019) 131-136: RCOST p.134 (Online Publication: Dec., 2018) Table2: Partial molar volume of SDS in distilled water, Na2SO4 and ZnSO4 at 30oC. Solvents Concentration (mol/Lt) pmv (cm3/mol)
    keywords: density; na2so4; presence; sds; water
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        item: #99 of 374
          id: bibechana-21557
      author: Gnawali, Guna Nidha; Shrestha, Shankar P; Poudyal, Khem N; Karki, Indra B; Koirala, Ishwar
       title: Study on the effect of growth-time and seed-layers of Zinc Oxide nanostructured thin film prepared by the hydrothermal method for liquefied petroleum gas sensor application: Retracted from journal due to conflict of interest between the authors.
        date: 2018
       words: 4574
      flesch: 64
     summary: Table.2: FWHM value (β), grain size (D), intensity measured for (hkl) plane (I(hkl)), intensity of (hkl) plane taken from the JCPDS card (I0(hkl)), dislocation density (𝛿), d- values and texture coefficient (Tc(hkl)) of ZnO nanostructured thin film. Fig.4 shows the transmittance and absorbance of ZnO nanostructured thin films fabricated at different growth time.
    keywords: film; gas; growth; layers; resistance; seed; sheet; time; zno
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        item: #100 of 374
          id: bibechana-21570
      author: Kharel, Milan
       title: General survey on avifaunal composition of Betana wetland, Morang, Province number 1, Eastern Nepal
        date: 2018
       words: 3690
      flesch: 58
     summary: Bhimraj chibe R C LC F2 28 Oriolidae Golden Oriole Oriolus oriolus (Linnaeus,1758) Gajale sunchari SV UC LC F2 29 Oriolidae Black- headed Oriole Oriolus xanthornus (Linnaeus, 1758) Kalotauke sunchari R UC LC F2 30 Sturnidae Common Myna Acridotheres tristis (Linnaeus, 1766) Dangrerupi R FC LC F1 31 Sturnidae Asian Pied Starling Gracupica contra (Linnaeus, 1758) Gharkag R FC LC F1 25 Dicuridae Black Drongo Dicrurus macrocercus (Vieillot, 1817) Kalochibe R FC LC F2 26 Dicuridae Crow billed Drongo Dicrurus annectans (Hodgson,1838)
    keywords: area; betana; birds; families; forest; nepal; number; species; study; visitor; wetland
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        item: #101 of 374
          id: bibechana-21575
      author: Dhakal, Sujan; Adhikari, Binod; Pudasainee, Kiran; Chapagain, Naryan Prasad; Pandit, Drabindra; Dahal, Subodh; Sapkota, Bhawani; Chhatkuli, Daya Nidhi
       title: Correlation of solar wind velocity with different parameters during geomagnetic disturbances
        date: 2018
       words: 4316
      flesch: 58
     summary: This disturbance may occur due to solar wind, coronal mass ejection (CME), solar flare, corotating interaction region (CIR) Solar wind is the continuous flow of plasma coming out from the sun [3].
    keywords: correlation; cross; curve; value; vsw; wind
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        item: #102 of 374
          id: bibechana-21605
      author: Pantha, Parkash; Bhusal, Tanka Prasad; Shah, Budha Ram; Koirala, Rajendra Prasad
       title: Study of natural background radiation in Kathmandu Valley
        date: 2018
       words: 4308
      flesch: 65
     summary: The position of each location at which radiation dose rate measured was recorded with the help of GPS system. Due to extreme hazardous health problems that may be caused by exposure from radiation, acceptable levels of radiation exposure and radiation doses have been set by different bodies based on the research in this fields.
    keywords: average; dose; dose rates; kathmandu; locations; msv; radiation; rates; value
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        item: #103 of 374
          id: bibechana-21641
      author: KC, Heera; Shrestha, Sharmila; Chaudhary, Ramananda; Shah, Tara; Parajuli, Surya B
       title: Inpatients nursing care provided in a tertiary hospital of Nepal
        date: 2018
       words: 3611
      flesch: 54
     summary: Abstract Introduction: Nursing care is necessary for every client seeking any type of healthcare such as health promotion, diagnosis, treatment and recovery. Objective: The objective of this study was to explore nursing care provided to inpatients of medical ward at B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal.
    keywords: care; eng; epub; health; medical; nursing; patients; pmid; pubmed; study
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        item: #104 of 374
          id: bibechana-21642
      author: Kadel, Mamata; Bhandari, Menuka
       title: Factors intended to brain drain among nurses working at private hospitals of Biratnagar, Nepal
        date: 2018
       words: 3189
      flesch: 51
     summary: Brain drain of Nepalese nurses is increasing day by day and shortage of health workforce is the burning issue of Nepal health care system. Discussion This study revealed that majority (96%) of respondents were not satisfied with their salary, whereas it compared by study conducted among migrated nurses from Nepal revealed that 55.22% of respondents were not satisfied with their salary and job in Nepal
    keywords: drain; factors; health; migration; nepal; nurses; study
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        item: #105 of 374
          id: bibechana-21643
      author: Shrestha, Menuka; KC, Heera; Bhattarai, Prem; Mishra, Anjali; Parajuli, Surya B.
       title: Quality of life of elderly people living with family and in old age home in Morang District, Nepal
        date: 2018
       words: 3637
      flesch: 56
     summary: [6] O.F. Onunkwor, A.S. Radman, P.P. George, J. Arokiasamy, H.Y. A. Barua, Shuaibu H.O. A cross- sectional study on quality of life among the elderly in non-governmental organizations’ elderly homes in Kuala Lumpur, Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 14 (2016) 6. Menuka Shrestha et al. / BIBECHANA 16 (2019) 221-227: RCOST p. 221 (Online Publication: Dec., 2018) BIBECHANA A Multidisciplinary Journal of Science, Technology and Mathematics ISSN 2091-0762 (Print), 2382-5340 (0nline) Journal homepage: http://nepjol.info/index.php/BIBECHANA Publisher: Research Council of Science and Technology, Biratnagar, Nepal Quality of life of elderly people living with family and in old age home in Morang District, Nepal Menuka Shrestha1*, Heera KC2, Prem Bhattarai3, Anjali Mishra4, Surya B. Parajuli4,5 1Department of Nursing, Purbanchal University, College of Medical and Allied Health Sciences, Gothgaun, Nepal 2Department of Nursing, Purbanchal University, Birat Health College, Biratnagar, Nepal 3Department of Physiology, Kathmandu University, Birat Medical College & Teaching Hospital, Tankisinuwari, Nepal 4Department of Community Medicine, Kathmandu University, Birat Medical College & Teaching Hospital, Tankisinuwari, Nepal 5Nepal Medical Volunteer Society, Biratnagar, Nepal *E-mail:
    keywords: age; family; home; life; living; mean; people; qol; quality
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        item: #106 of 374
          id: bibechana-21645
      author: Parajuli, Surya B; KC, Heera; Mishra, A; Bhattarai, P; Shrestha, M; Srivastav, Kundan
       title: Chaupadi during menstruation still a major community health challenge: perspective from Mid-Western Nepal
        date: 2018
       words: 3644
      flesch: 57
     summary: Most (65.1%) of them did not dispose,16.5% bury in nearby ground and 18.4% burn. Regarding disposal of sanitary pad, 65.1% do not dispose,16.5% bury in nearby ground and 18.4% used to burn.
    keywords: age; chaupadi; health; knowledge; menarche; menstruation; nepal; practice; study
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        item: #107 of 374
          id: bibechana-21650
      author: Giri, Jyoti; Lach, Ralf; Sapkota, Janak; Susan, Md. Abu Bin Hasan; Saiter, Jean-Marc; Henning, Sven; Katiyar, Vimal; Adhikari, Rameshwar
       title: Structural and thermal characterization of different types of cellulosic fibers
        date: 2018
       words: 4386
      flesch: 54
     summary: [27] D. L. Vinayak, V. Guna, D. Madhavi, M. Arpitha, N. Reddy, Ricins communis plant residues as a source for natural cellulose fiber potentially exploitable in polymer composites. 4 (a) manifest that NCC fibers are in a bundle before nano-fibrillation out of the MCC, which are then exposed out on acid hydrolysis followed by the dissolution of amorphous region present between the nano-fibrils.
    keywords: cellulose; cm–1; composites; fibers; fig; materials; mcc; ncc; peaks; polym
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        item: #108 of 374
          id: bibechana-21651
      author: Khatiwada, Shankar P; Thomas, Sabu; Saiter, Jean Marc; Lach, Ralf; Adhikari, Rameshwar
       title: Mechanical and thermal properties of triblock copolymer modified epoxy resins
        date: 2018
       words: 3575
      flesch: 55
     summary: However, the structural effect of block copolymers on the formation of nanostructures in thermosets was occasionally investigated. 2.2 Epoxidation of block copolymer The epoxidation of the styrene/butadiene-based triblock copolymer was accomplished following the standard method by using m-CPBA [20-21].
    keywords: blends; block; chemical; copolymer; epln3; epoxy; fig; properties; resin; thermoset
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        item: #109 of 374
          id: bibechana-21741
      author: Shrestha, S; Sarkar, C K
       title: Comparative studies on the electronic transport in magnetically quantized low band gap semiconductor system
        date: 2020
       words: 4172
      flesch: 54
     summary: The energy dispersion relation given by equation (1) for nonparabolic band structure reduces to parabolic relation and is given as below, ... S for hyperbolic band structure is found to be maximum and is followed by the nonparabolic and then the parabolic band structures.
    keywords: band; conductivity; field; fig; mct; mechanisms; phonon; scattering; structure; temperature
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        item: #110 of 374
          id: bibechana-23485
      author: Amatya, Sharmila Pradhan; Pradhan Joshi, Leela
       title: Bio-Synthesis of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) using Garlic extract to investigate antibacterial activity
        date: 2020
       words: 3295
      flesch: 39
     summary: Devendra Sir Cover Page copy.jpg BIBECHANA 17 (2020) 13-19 13 BIBECHANA ISSN 2091-0762 (Print), 2382-5340 (Online) Journal homepage: http://nepjol.info/index.php/BIBECHANA Publisher: Department of Physics, Mahendra Morang A.M. Campus, TU, Biratnagar, Nepal Bio-synthesis of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) using garlic extract to investigate antibacterial activity Sharmila Pradhan Amatya1*, Leela Pradhan Joshi2 1Chemistry Department, Amrit Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal 2 Physics Department, Amrit Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal * Email: The results of UV-Vis spectroscopy clearly showed presence of absorption peak at 595 nm which confirmed the formation of copper nanoparticles.
    keywords: bacteria; copper; cunps; extract; garlic; gram; journal; nanoparticles; pradhan; synthesis
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        item: #111 of 374
          id: bibechana-24341
      author: Shah, Riddhi Jung
       title: On Ricci solitons in LP-Sasakian manifolds
        date: 2020
       words: 4509
      flesch: 93
     summary:    ,,, XYYXgYXR   (2.8)       ,0,,, 313221  EEgEEgEEg (4.2)   
    keywords: condition ; manifold; ricci;  ;  12;  ;  ,,vg;  ;  ;  
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        item: #112 of 374
          id: bibechana-24674
      author: Pokhrel, Shanta; Chaulagain, Kalpana
       title: Phytoconstituents and biological analysis of Acorus calamus rhizome of Sindhupalchowk District, Nepal
        date: 2020
       words: 2807
      flesch: 47
     summary: The value obtained from plant extract was compared with ascorbic acid. The comparison of percentage radical scavenging at different concentration between plant extract and ascorbic acid as standard was shown in Table (3) and Figure (2).
    keywords: acid; acorus; activity; ascorbic; calamus; concentration; extract; methanol; rhizome
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        item: #113 of 374
          id: bibechana-25201
      author: Khanal, Sumnath; Bhandari, Devi Prasad; Bhandari, Laxman; Adhikari, Achyut
       title: Chemical profiling and antioxidant activities of essential oil from rhizomes of Acorus calamus L.
        date: 2020
       words: 2673
      flesch: 51
     summary: This implies that A. calamus oil has 0.231 times antioxidant potential than that of ascorbic acid. BIBECHANA 17 (2020) 89-95 BIBECHANA ISSN 2091-0762 (Print), 2382-5340 (Online) Journal homepage: http://nepjol.info/index.php/BIBECHANA Publisher: Department of Physics, Mahendra Morang A.M. Campus, TU, Biratnagar, Nepal Chemical profiling and antioxidant activities of essential oil from the rhizomes of Acorus calamus L. Sumnath Khanal 1 , Devi Prasad Bhandari 2 , Laxman Bhandari 2 , Sabita Dangol 1 , Achyut Adhikari 1 1 Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Nepal 2 Natural Products Research Laboratory, Thapathali, Kathmandu, Nepal * E-mail: achyutraj05@gmail.com
    keywords: asarone; calamus; dpph; oil
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        item: #114 of 374
          id: bibechana-25208
      author: Bajracharya, Gan B; Paudel, Mohan; K. C., Rajendra; Shyaula, Sajan L.
       title: Structure-activity relationship and MM2 energy minimized conformational analysis of quercetin and its derivatives in the DPPH• radical scavenging capacity
        date: 2020
       words: 3693
      flesch: 47
     summary: [12], and structure-activity relationships (SAR) of flavonoids in antioxidant activity have been documented [13] A. Arora, M. G. Nair, G. M. Strasburg, Structure- activity relationships for antioxidant activities of a series of flavonoids in a liposomal system, Free Radic.
    keywords: activity; antioxidant; derivatives; flavonoids; ic50; obn; ome; quercetin; radical; scavenging
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        item: #115 of 374
          id: bibechana-25236
      author: Ojha, Rijan; Gautam, Tilak Prasad; Chaudhary, Narendra Kumar
       title: The Physicochemical analysis and Phytochemical screening of some medicinal plants of Letang Municipality of Morang district, Nepal
        date: 2020
       words: 4161
      flesch: 57
     summary: Nepal has a varied ecosystem for the cultivation of medicinal plants which has been supported by climatic and geographical diversity In this investigation, we carried physicochemical and phytochemical screening of five species of medicinal plants collected from the forest of Letang Municipality situated in province 1 of Nepal.
    keywords: caesia; chloroform; curcuma; extract; pharm; plants; plumbago; presence; speciosus; zeylanica
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        item: #116 of 374
          id: bibechana-25504
      author: Panthi, Bikash; Pantha, Nurapati
       title: Hydrophobicity of small alkane molecules (propane dimer) in solvents: a classical molecular dynamics study
        date: 2020
       words: 5180
      flesch: 58
     summary: The propane dimer modeled by specifying the parameters was kept inside a cubic box along with solvents water, acetonitrile and methanol respectively. Results show that two minima (contact minima and solvent separated minima) characterize the PMF of propane dimer in all three solvent environments.
    keywords: atom; carbon; minima; propane; rdf; reference; solvent; system; water
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        item: #117 of 374
          id: bibechana-25598
      author: Joshi, Prakash; Lawaju, Umesh; B.K., Binod
       title: Composite of lampblack and printer toner powder as a low-cost counter electrode material for dye-sensitized solar cells
        date: 2020
       words: 4353
      flesch: 62
     summary: 2 shows the SEM images of the lampblack powder, the printer toner powder, the film of printer toner powder and the film of lampblack/printer toner composite. 3 is the photographs of the adhesion test of the lampblack without and with printer toner powder.
    keywords: carbon; cells; composite; fig; film; fto; lampblack; platinum; printer toner; toner
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        item: #118 of 374
          id: bibechana-25599
      author: Silwal, Surendra Bikram; Adhikari, Rameshwar; Lamichhane, Prakash; Bhandari, Netra Lal
       title: Natural dyes as photo-sensitizer in solar cells
        date: 2020
       words: 2806
      flesch: 49
     summary: [13] L. E. Mir, Z. B. Ayadi, M. Saadoun, K. Djessas, H. J. V. Bardeleben, and S. Alaya, Preparation and characterization of n-type conductive (Al, Co) co- doped ZnO thin films deposited by sputtering from aerogel nanopowders, Applied Surface Science 254 (2007) 570-573. On account of eco-friendly, renewable, and non-hazardous properties of natural dyes over silicon, a semiconductor, photo-sensitizer in conventional solar cells, cyclohexane extract of Terminalia alata, a natural dye, was employed as photo-sensitizer.
    keywords: cell; dye; fto; spray; thin; zno
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        item: #119 of 374
          id: bibechana-25839
      author: Gautam, A K; Aryal, B
       title: Study of dust color temperature and visual extinction distribution of a far infrared cavity at 60 and 100 µm IRAS map around the AGB star at galactic latitude 8.6⁰
        date: 2020
       words: 3907
      flesch: 64
     summary: Devendra Sir Cover Page copy.jpg BIBECHANA 17 (2020) 42-49 42 BIBECHANA ISSN 2091-0762 (Print), 2382-5340 (Online) Journal homepage: http://nepjol.info/index.php/BIBECHANA Publisher: Department of Physics, Mahendra Morang A.M. Campus, TU, Biratnagar, Nepal Study of dust color temperature and visual extinction distribution of a far infrared cavity at 60 and 100 µm IRAS map around the AGB star at galactic latitude 8.6⁰ A. K. Gautam * , B. Aryal ** Central Department of Physics, T.U., Kirtipur, Nepal Email: arjungautamnpj@gmail.com * , ** baryal@tucdp.edu.np Article Information Received: July 02, 2019 Accepted: September 14, 2019 Keywords: Far infrared cavity Far infrared loops AGB stars Dust color temperature Dust mass ABSTRACT The dust-grain structure in the far infrared region under IRAS (Infrared Astronomical Satellite) Survey was studied using sky view virtual observatory. Using the slope of best fitted plot, average dust color temperature has been found as 22.2 K which is used to calculate error in calculated dust color temperature.
    keywords: agb; cavity; color; distribution; dust; mass; temperature
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        item: #120 of 374
          id: bibechana-25870
      author: Lamichhane, Tika Ram; Lamichhane, Hari Prasad
       title: Constant velocity pulling and unfolding of thyroid hormone receptor by steered molecular dynamics
        date: 2020
       words: 3530
      flesch: 56
     summary: [15] A. D. MacKerell, M. Feig, C. L. Brooks, Extending the treatment of backbone energetics in protein force fields: Limitations of gas‐phase quantum mechanics in reproducing protein conformational distributions in molecular dynamics simulations, J. Comp. doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3495(99)77188-2 [21] L. Martínez, P. Webb, I. Polikarpov, M. S. Skaf, Molecular dynamics simulations of ligand dissociation from thyroid hormone receptors: evidence of the likeliest escape pathway and its implications for the design of novel ligands, J. Med.
    keywords: end; force; lamichhane; protein; smd; thrt3; unfolding
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        item: #121 of 374
          id: bibechana-26249
      author: Ghimire, Basu Dev; Chapagain, Narayan Prasad; Basnet, Vardhan; Bhatta, Karan; Khadka, Balaram
       title: Variation of Total Electron Content (TEC) in the Quite and Disturbed days and their correlation with Geomagnetic Parameters of Lamjung Station in the year of 2015
        date: 2020
       words: 3414
      flesch: 70
     summary: [13] O. F. Jonah, E. R. de Paula, M. T. A. H. Muella, S. L. G. Dutra, E. A. Kherani, P. M. S. Negreti & Y. Otsuka, TEC variation during high and low solar activities over South American sector, Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 135 (2015) 22-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2015.10.005 The above-mentioned GPS equipment provide slant TEC data at a sampling rate of 60 s. From this data, vertical TEC (VTEC) values are obtained at different ionospheric pierce point (IPP) locations by using a mapping function, i.e. 𝑆(𝐸)
    keywords: average; data; days; gps; index; prn; value; variation; vtec
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        item: #122 of 374
          id: bibechana-26503
      author: Ghimire, Bal Ram; Chimouriya, Shanker P; Gyawali, Basant
       title: Effective action approach to the Leggett's mode in two-gap superconductors
        date: 2020
       words: 2485
      flesch: 61
     summary: The positive solution corresponds to Leggett’s mode whereas negative solution corresponds to BAG mode. The Josephson couplings between different bands will bring about attractive phenomena: they are time reversal symmetry breaking and existence of gapless modes.
    keywords: band; gap; leggett; mode; superconductor
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        item: #123 of 374
          id: bibechana-26507
      author: Acharya, Aashma; Adhikari, Binod; Bhattarai, Pratik; Jha, Gopal; Acharya, Shambhu; Shah, Ritesh
       title: Spectral analysis of aerosol optical depth over aeronet sites of Nepal
        date: 2020
       words: 4453
      flesch: 54
     summary: It is quiet fair because rainwater washes out huge amount of aerosol particles from atmosphere. The study of the AOD over the AERONET-site Kathmandu-bode exhibits dominance of aerosol particle that are detected by channel with wavelength of 675nm which signifies sub-micron aerosol particles.
    keywords: aerosol; analysis; aod; atmosphere; days; time; value; wavelet; year
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        item: #124 of 374
          id: bibechana-26521
      author: Giri, K; Kandel, B
       title: Study of damage profiles and energy calculation of arsenic ions during ion implantation on Germanium
        date: 2020
       words: 3867
      flesch: 49
     summary: Devendra Sir Cover Page copy.jpg BIBECHANA 17 (2020) 96-103 96 BIBECHANA ISSN 2091-0762 (Print), 2382-5340 (Online) Journal homepage: http://nepjol.info/index.php/BIBECHANA Publisher: Department of Physics, Mahendra Morang A.M. Campus, TU, Biratnagar, Nepal Study of damage profiles and energy calculation of arsenic ions during ion implantation on Germanium K. Giri * , B. Kandel Department of Physics, Tri-Chandra Multiple Campus, Kathmandu * Email: karangiri575@gmail.com Article Information Received: July 17, 2019 Accepted: December 2, 2019 Keywords: Implantation Doping Ionization Phonons ABSTRACT Computational calculation of energy loss and damage profiles when implanted by arsenic ions on amorphous germanium during ion implantation had been carried out. Comparatively, ions energy should be increased to energy above 1 MeV for both ions in order to obtain dominance of electronic stopping power over nuclear stopping power that eventually improve the surface hardening and electrical conductivity.
    keywords: arsenic; energy; germanium; ion; ions; kev; loss; stopping; target
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        item: #125 of 374
          id: bibechana-26582
      author: Malla, Janak Ratna; Saurer, Walter; Aryal, Binil
       title: Spatial orientation of galaxies in supercluster S[227+006+0078]
        date: 2020
       words: 3048
      flesch: 53
     summary: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.3126/bibechana.v17i0.26582 http://nepjol.info/index.php/BIBECHANA mailto:janak_malla@yahoo.com mailto:aryalbinil@gmail.com https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ https://doi.org/10.3126/bibechana.v17i0.26582 Janak Ratna Malla / BIBECHANA 17 (2020) 117-122 118 100 Mpc, but on smaller scales we observe huge deviations from the mean density in the form of galaxies, galaxy clusters, and the cosmic web being made of sheets and filaments of galaxies. No preferred alignment of angular momentum vectors is noticed, supporting Hierarchy model of galaxy formation.
    keywords: angle; coefficient; distribution; fourier; galaxies; order; spin
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        item: #126 of 374
          id: bibechana-26867
      author: Pant, Amba Datt
       title: Conventional to slow muon microscopy – a review
        date: 2020
       words: 3749
      flesch: 58
     summary: For the study of nanoscience, slow muon (20 eV - 30 keV) muon with low energy spread are essential that leads to development of slow muon microscopy. On the other hand, slow muon are refereed as slowed- down surface muon to low energy (20 eV – 30 keV).
    keywords: beam; doi; electron; energy; materials; muon; physics; spin; study
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        item: #127 of 374
          id: bibechana-26869
      author: Baniya, H B; Guragain, R P; Baniya, B; Qin, G; Subedi, D P
       title: Improvement of hydrophilicity of polyamide using atmospheric pressure plasma jet
        date: 2020
       words: 2518
      flesch: 56
     summary: [13] T. S. M. Mui, R. P. Mota, A. Quade, L. R. D Hein, K. G. Kostov, Uniform surface modification of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) by atmospheric pressure plasma jet with a horn- like nozzle, Surface and Coating Technology 352 (2018) 338-347. Different pressure plasma sources have been used for polymer surface treatment
    keywords: contact; electron; energy; jet; modification; plasma; pressure; surface; treatment
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        item: #128 of 374
          id: bibechana-26877
      author: Yadav, S K; Mehta, U; Gohivar, R K; Dhungana, A; Koirala, R P; Adhikari, D
       title: Reassessments of thermo-physical properties of Si-Ti melt at different temperatures
        date: 2020
       words: 3756
      flesch: 59
     summary: [22] S. Amore, J. Brillo, I. Egry, R. Novakovic, Surface tension of liquid Cu–Ti binary alloys measured by electromagnetic levitation and thermodynamic modeling, Applied Surf. Temperature dependence of thermodynamic properties of Si–Ti binary liquid alloys, Thermochem.
    keywords: alloy; properties; surface; temperatures; values
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        item: #129 of 374
          id: bibechana-27450
      author: Shrestha, S; Bhusal, N; Byahut, S.; Sarkar, C. K.
       title: Study of tunneling and oscillation in a GaAs/〖Al〗_(0.3) 〖Ga〗_(0.7) As superlattice: using transfer matrix method
        date: 2021
       words: 4053
      flesch: 60
     summary: 4: Probability distribution of finding a charged particle in different spatial region within the SQW with height of barrier region V0= 228 meV, width of barrier region lb=5nm at time(t)=0, t= T/4 and t=T/2 shown by solid (black), dash (red) and dash-dot (blue) (color online) line respectively. All the coefficients in different regions can be related to the coefficient 𝐶𝑠or𝐶𝑎 in the central region (barrier region IV).
    keywords: barrier; energy; sqw; symmetric; system; wave; 𝐴1 𝑠; 𝐵1 𝑠
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        item: #130 of 374
          id: bibechana-27650
      author: Guragain, Rajesh Prakash; Baniya, Hom Bahadur; Dhungana, Santosh; Pandey, Bishnu Prasad; Joshi, Ujjwal Man; Subedi, Deepak Prasad
       title: Surface modification of polyamide by 50 Hz dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) produced in air at atmospheric pressure
        date: 2021
       words: 2891
      flesch: 54
     summary: [5, 6] show the variation of water contact angle and surface free energy of PA surface as the function of treatment time. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2011.01.132 [17] Z. Gao, S. Peng, J. Sun, L. Yao, & Y. Qiu, Influence of processing parameters on atmospheric pressure plasma etching of polyamide 6 films, Applied Surface Science.
    keywords: characterization; discharge; energy; plasma; pressure; surface; treatment; 𝑅1 𝑅2
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        item: #131 of 374
          id: bibechana-28760
      author: Vora, Aditya M; Gandhi, Alkesh L
       title: Phonon dynamics of Zr67Ni33 and Fe80B20 binary glassy alloys
        date: 2021
       words: 6902
      flesch: 60
     summary: Therefore, the atomic disorderedness in the formation of metallic glasses is more which show a deviation in the magnitude of PDCs and their concerned properties. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.03.097 [12] C. H. Hausleitner, I. Turek, Structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of metallic glasses, J Non-Cryst Sol 156 (1993) 210-218.
    keywords: bmgs; dynamics; functions; gandhi; model; pair; phonon; potential; properties; screening; vora; 𝑍𝑟67𝑁𝑖33
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        item: #132 of 374
          id: bibechana-28918
      author: Dhami, A Kumari; Rajbhandari Nyachhyon, A
       title: Fabrication of open type carbonizer for the preparation of activated carbon from rice husk
        date: 2021
       words: 4195
      flesch: 60
     summary: Determination of surface area Surface area of prepared activated carbon was obtained using Langmuir isotherm plot and calculated by using following in equation 9. Journal homepage: http://nepjol.info/index.php/BIBECHANA Publisher: Department of Physics, Mahendra Morang A.M. Campus, TU, Biratnagar, Nepal Fabrication of open type carbonizer for the preparation of activated carbon from rice husk A. Kumari Dhami, A. Rajbhandari (Nyachhyon)* Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal *Email: armila3@yahoo.com Article Information: Received: May 11, 2020 Accepted: June 9, 2020 Keywords:
    keywords: adsorption; carbon; carh; husk; isotherm; langmuir; number; rice; rrh; surface
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        item: #133 of 374
          id: bibechana-28958
      author: Bhujel, Arun; Sapkota, Bibek; Aryal, Ram Lochan; Poudel, Bhoj Raj; Bhattarai, Sitaram; Gautam, Surendra K.
       title: Insight of precursor concentration, particle size and band gap of zirconia nanoparticles synthesized by co-precipitation method
        date: 2021
       words: 3759
      flesch: 55
     summary: Journal homepage: http://nepjol.info/index.php/BIBECHANA Publisher: Department of Physics, Mahendra Morang A.M. Campus, TU, Biratnagar, Nepal Insight of precursor concentration, particle size and band gap of zirconia nanoparticles synthesized by co-precipitation method Arun Bhujel1, Bibek Sapkota1, Ram Lochan Aryal2, Bhoj Raj Poudel1, Sitaram Bhattarai1,3, Surendra K. Gautam1,* 1 Department of Chemistry, Tri-Chandra Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal 2 Department of Chemistry, Amrit Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal 3 Center for Nanomaterials, Sogang University, Seoul, South Korea 50 100 150 200 250 300 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 F re q u e n c y Particle size(nm) (b) Fig. 6: (a) TEM image of zirconia nanoparticle using 0.05M ZrOCl2.8H2O (Z1) and (b) corresponding histogram.
    keywords: monoclinic; nanoparticles; size; spectra; synthesis; zirconia; zro2; zrocl2.8h2o
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        item: #134 of 374
          id: bibechana-29036
      author: Chaudhary, Manoj Kumar; Chaudhary, Tarun; Joshi, Bhawani Datt
       title: Simulated spectra (IR and Raman), NLO, AIM and molecular docking of carisoprodol from DFT approach
        date: 2021
       words: 4009
      flesch: 55
     summary: The protein-ligand binding activity of the drug molecule has been analyzed theoretically from the molecular docking approach with the predicted targets in terms of binding energy and conventional H-bond with residue. Manoj Kumar Chaudhary et al. / BIBECHANA 18 (1) (2021) 48-57 54 Table 4: Bond length, and binding energy of carisoprodol against two protein targets.
    keywords: binding; bond; carisoprodol; cm−1; density; docking; energy; molecule; raman; spectra
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        item: #135 of 374
          id: bibechana-29165
      author: Malla, Janak Ratna; Saurer, Walter; Aryal, B
       title: Spatial orientations of angular momentum vectors of galaxies in Supercluster S [173+014+0082]
        date: 2021
       words: 3354
      flesch: 56
     summary: In order to use ORIGIN 5.0 to determine the all sky distribution of galaxies where as ORIGIN 8.0 used for the redshift distribution of galaxy. Thus they're collections of galaxy clusters, with 20-100h-1Mpc
    keywords: angle; distribution; galaxies; galaxy; isotropic; momentum; region; supercluster
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        item: #136 of 374
          id: bibechana-29168
      author: Adhikari, P B; Adhikari, A; Tiwari, A K
       title: Effects of lightning as a disaster in Himalayan region
        date: 2021
       words: 4388
      flesch: 62
     summary: 13: The bar diagram of the data of number of injured and death of people due to lightning disaster since 2015. In the cloud to ground discharge, if the positive charge transfers from cloud to ground it is called positive lightning whereas if the negative charge of the cloud transfers to ground, it is called negative lightning.
    keywords: cloud; fig; ground; himalayan; lightning; nepal; people; region
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        item: #137 of 374
          id: bibechana-29171
      author: Adhikari, Bhesha Raj; Lamichhane, Hari Prasad; Khanal, Raju
       title: Modulation frequency and velocity variation of ions in a magnetized plasma sheath for different obliqueness of the field
        date: 2021
       words: 2824
      flesch: 61
     summary: Present work is useful in understanding the time evolution of the particles velocities, and hence, exact particle behavior in magnetized plasma sheath region which is important in diverse plasma applications: material processing, surface treatment, plasma etching, confinement of plasma in fusion devices, and many more. May 29, 2020 Accepted: August 1, 2020 Keywords: Bohm criterion Kinetic theory Sheath Presheath Modulation frequency Damping constant ABSTRACT The understanding of ion dynamics in magnetized plasma sheath is crucial for all applications of plasma.
    keywords: field; frequency; plasma; sheath; velocity
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        item: #138 of 374
          id: bibechana-29203
      author: Joshi, Usha; Karki, I B; Chapagain, N P; Poudyal, K N
       title: Prediction of daily global solar radiation using different empirical models on the basis of meteorological parameters at Trans Himalaya Region, Nepal
        date: 2021
       words: 4434
      flesch: 58
     summary: Thus found empirical constants are used to predict global solar radiation. Above graph shows the value of global solar radiation received is maximum in the month of May, it is mainly due to less cloud, slow wind, less rainfall and less solar zenith angle.
    keywords: day; energy; gsr; models; nepal; radiation; solar; year
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        item: #139 of 374
          id: bibechana-29222
      author: Bhattarai, Jagadish
       title: An overview on the non-destructive in-depth surface analysis of corrosion-resistant films: A case study of W-xCr deposits in 12 M HCl solution
        date: 2021
       words: 7186
      flesch: 54
     summary: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-938X(97)00106-6 [45] J. Bhattarai, The role of tungsten in the passivation behavior of sputter-deposited Cr-9W alloy in 12 M HCl, J. Inst. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-938X(97)00034-6 [19] K. Hashimoto, J. Bhattarai, X. Y. Li, P. Y. Park, E. Akiyama, H. Habazaki, A. Kawashima, K. Asami, Spontaneously passivated sputter-deposited binary alloys with higher corrosion resistance than alloy components.
    keywords: alloys; behavior; bhattarai; corrosion; depth; films; hcl; sci; solution; sputter; tungsten
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        item: #140 of 374
          id: bibechana-29316
      author: Acharya, Khimananda; Koirala, Rajendra Prasad; Pantha, Nurapati
       title: Diffusion of oxytocin in water: a molecular dynamics study
        date: 2021
       words: 4182
      flesch: 46
     summary: It is measured in terms of diffusion coefficient called binary or mutual diffusion coefficient [22]. Where, D is diffusion coefficient, Ea is activation energy, D0 is pre-exponential factor, R is universal gas constant and T is absolute temperature.
    keywords: binary; coefficient; diffusion; energy; molecule; oxytocin; run; self; system; temperature; water
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        item: #141 of 374
          id: bibechana-29359
      author: Pokhrel, Puskar Raj; Lamsal, Bhabani
       title: Modeling and parameter analysis of deflection of a beam
        date: 2021
       words: 3195
      flesch: 68
     summary: We take the length of beam L = 10 m. Figure 1.2 shows that the maximum deflection is 4.404 mm at 5.45 m the length of beam when it is under the action of equal and opposite compressive forces P = 65 KN at its ends and it carries a load W = 100 Kg, Young’s modulus E = 100 GPa and the area moment of inertia If the applied forces at the ends are reduced by 5 KN, then the maximum deflection of the beam are reduced at the length of beam L = 5.45 m. Puskar R. Pokhrel, Bhabani Lamsal/ BIBECHANA 18 (1) (2021) 75-82 78 Figure 1.2: Deflection of beam with weight W = 100 Kg.
    keywords: beam; deflection
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        item: #142 of 374
          id: bibechana-29442
      author: Khanal, Shyam P; Koirala, Rajendra P; Mishra, Esha; Adhikari, Narayan Prasad
       title: Molecular dynamics study of structural properties of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
        date: 2021
       words: 3308
      flesch: 54
     summary: Solvation of GABA molecule in water resembles real body. 1: Snapshot of GABA molecule.
    keywords: gaba; rdf; system; temperature; water
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        item: #143 of 374
          id: bibechana-29448
      author: Regmi, Jeevan; Poudyal, Khem N; Pokhrel, Amod; Gyawali, Madhu; Barinelli, Anthony; Aryal, Rudra
       title: Analysis of Aerosol Optical Depth and Angstrom Exponents over an AERONET site at Pokhara, Nepal
        date: 2021
       words: 4373
      flesch: 58
     summary: Daily averaged aerosol optical depth at 0.50 μm, AOD0.50 and angstrom exponents based on wavelengths ranges, 0.40 μm to 0.87 μm are downloaded from AERONET Pokhara site and analyzed for different months. Aerosol Aerosol optical depth Angstrom exponent Monthly mariations ABSTRACT The monthly variability of Aerosol Optical Depth at 0.50 μm (AOD0.50) and Ångström exponents (AE) based on spectral AODs over an Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) site Pokhara, are analyzed by using aerosol data of the year 2017.
    keywords: aerosol; aod; monsoon; properties; season
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        item: #144 of 374
          id: bibechana-29466
      author: Chhatkuli, Daya Nidhi; Paudel, Sanjaya; Aryal, Binil
       title: A spectroscopic study of the low redshift dwarf galaxy SDSS J134326.99+431118.7 to calculate star formation rate
        date: 2021
       words: 3807
      flesch: 64
     summary: According to Lambda Cold Dark Matter (ΛCDM) cosmology, dwarf galaxies are the building blocks of the universe, and all large-scale structures are build up progressively later with the hierarchical coalescence of these building blocks. They dominate the number distribution at any epoch of the universe, and there should be a more frequent merger between dwarf galaxies than between massive galaxies.
    keywords: dwarf; emission; galaxies; galaxy; gaussian; line; sdss; star
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        item: #145 of 374
          id: bibechana-29475
      author: Parajuli, Deependra; Samatha, K
       title: Structural analysis of Cu substituted Ni\Zn in Ni-Zn Ferrite
        date: 2021
       words: 2862
      flesch: 47
     summary: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4866230 [12] J. Peng, M. Hojamberdiev, Y. Xu, B. Cao, J. Wang, H. Wu, Hydrotherm, Synthesis and Magnetic properties of gadolinium-doped CoFe2O4 nanoparticles, J. Magn. In the present study, it is planned to formulate NPs of Cu substituted Ni in Ni-ZN ferrites containing iron oxide as their main components using sol-gel method and compare their structure with Cu substituted Zn in Ni-ZN ferrites [8].
    keywords: concentration; crystallite; ferrites; lattice; nps; properties; size
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        item: #146 of 374
          id: bibechana-29495
      author: Thapa, A.; Silwal, A; Gautam, S P; Nepal, C K.; Bhattarai, S.; Timsina, D
       title: Surface air temperature trends in Kathmandu Valley for 2011-2017
        date: 2021
       words: 3941
      flesch: 52
     summary: +++++++++ In particular, this study for air temperature trend during seven years period (2011-2017) has benefited from several early research work by DHM (2017) These graphs help to get a better understanding of air temperature trends for seven consecutive years.
    keywords: air; average; change; climate; nepal; temperature; year
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        item: #147 of 374
          id: bibechana-29531
      author: Bhandari, I B; Panthi, N; Koirala, I
       title: Investigation on thermo-physical properties of liquid In-Tl alloy
        date: 2021
       words: 4557
      flesch: 57
     summary: The interaction energy parameters for In–Tl liquid alloys are found to be g = 0.755 RT, ω12 =0.476 RT, ω13=1.610 RT and ω23= 1.481 RT. The study of concentration fluctuation in long wavelength limit and CSRO show that there is tendency of phase separation in In –Tl liquid alloy.
    keywords: alloys; concentration; indium; liquid; properties; surface
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        item: #148 of 374
          id: bibechana-29600
      author: Pandey, Gokarna; Dhakal, Kedar Nath; Singh, Ajaya Kumar; Dhungel, Suresh Kumar; Adhikari, Rameshwar
       title: Facile methods of preparing pure hydroxyapatite nanoparticles in ordinary laboratories
        date: 2021
       words: 4760
      flesch: 60
     summary: 5 shows the XRD pattern of HAp samples obtained from bone powder calcined at two different temperatures, 700 °C and 1000 °C. 4 shows the XRD patterns of HAp powder synthesized by three different chemical methods: sol-gel method, precipitation method using eggshell and wet chemical precipitation method using CaO and H3PO4 as starting materials.
    keywords: bone; cm-1; hap; hydroxyapatite; method; nano; powder; presence; synthesis
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        item: #149 of 374
          id: bibechana-29601
      author: Bhandari, Tika Ram; Lamsal, Bidit; Adhikari, Rameshwar
       title: Pyrolyzed human hair: a review on synthesis, characterization and applications
        date: 2021
       words: 4513
      flesch: 59
     summary: This review highlights the major structural characteristics of human hair and its pyrolyzed form. Helical protein with 20 to 50 amino acids is found in human hair which includes amino acids such as; Glycine, Alanine, Valine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Phenylalanine, Tyrosine, Lysine, Arginine, Ornithine, Histidine, Citruline, Glutamic acid, Threonine, Serine, Cystine, Methionine, Cystiene, Cysteic acid, Proline, and Tryptophan.
    keywords: carbon; energy; hair; human; keratin; pyrolysis; sample; sem; structure; temperature
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        item: #150 of 374
          id: bibechana-29619
      author: Bhandari, Netra Lal; Bhandari, Ganesh; Bista, Sunita; Pokhrel, Basant; Bist, Kabita; Dhakal, Kedar Nath
       title: Degradation of fundamental polymers/plastics used in daily life: a review
        date: 2021
       words: 6556
      flesch: 44
     summary: Thermal degradation of PLA The mechanism of PLA degradation by pyrolysis is shown in Fig. Similarly, Sporotrichum, Talaromyces, Thermoascus, Thielavia, paecilomyces, Phanerochaete, Ganoderma, Geotrichum, Cladosporium, Phlebia, Trametes, Candida, Penicillium, Chaetomium, Aerobasidium, etc. are the fungi identified so far taking part in polymer degradation [25,26].
    keywords: acid; biodegradation; degradation; fig; journal; microorganisms; pla; polyethylene; polymer degradation; polymers; pyrolysis; stability
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        item: #151 of 374
          id: bibechana-29689
      author: Shrestha, Ganesh Kumar; Pandey, Binod; Joshi, Usha; Poudyal, Khem N.
       title: Empirical model for estimation of global solar radiation at lowland region Biratnagar using satellite data
        date: 2021
       words: 3138
      flesch: 54
     summary: The input parameters used for the estimation of monthly average global solar radiation at lowland region, Biratnagar are given in Table-1. Ground measurement at site of interest by installing a thermopile sensor such as pyranometer or pyroheliometer is considered as most accurate and reliable way of obtaining global solar radiation data for solar energy system design.
    keywords: average; data; energy; model; radiation; sunshine
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        item: #152 of 374
          id: bibechana-29750
      author: Powrel, Jhulan; Adhikari, Narayan P
       title: Thermal properties of normal and sickled hemoglobin protein
        date: 2021
       words: 3452
      flesch: 54
     summary: Sickle hemoglobin protein with valine in the 6th position of beta chain (right). RMSD plot of other system of hemoglobin protein were also plotted where Figure 4(a) and 4(b) indicates the root mean square deviations of oxygenated hemoglobin protein and sickle hemoglobin protein at temperature of 310 K. For which the RMSD found to be increased initially with small fluctuation and then remain constant for both at various values of 1.3 Å and 0.75 Å respectively, i.e. the RMSD of oxygenated hemoglobin is higher than of sickle hemoglobin protein.
    keywords: cell; hemoglobin; hemoglobin protein; oxygenated; potential; protein; rmsd; sickle; temperature
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        item: #153 of 374
          id: bibechana-29840
      author: Rijal, Bipin; Silwal, Nigam S.; Chaudhary, Govinda; Shrestha, Pitamber; Shah, Buddha R.
       title: Radon study around earthquake affected areas of Nepal
        date: 2021
       words: 2792
      flesch: 54
     summary: For Gorkha it ranged from 18±7 Bq/m3 to 363±65 Bq /m3with an average of 104.64 Bq/m3while minimum, maximum and average radon concentrations for Sindhupalchowk were 14±6 Bq/m3, 397±71 Bq/m3and 78.46 Bq/m3 respectively. As Nepal is prone to earthquake, the assessment of radon concentration has become necessary as a baseline study for future investigation.
    keywords: concentrations; dwellings; gorkha; kathmandu; radon; valley
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        item: #154 of 374
          id: bibechana-29841
      author: Chaudhary, Narendra Kumar; Guragain, Biswash; Chaudhary, Siyanand Kumar; Mishra, Parashuram
       title: Schiff base metal complex as a potential therapeutic drug in medical science: A critical review
        date: 2021
       words: 8181
      flesch: 50
     summary: Metal complexes of Schiff base Many research papers have been published during the last few decades on the synthesis and pharmacology of Schiff base metal complexes. Schiff base metal complexes have important biological applications as antibacterial, antifungal, antitumor, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial agents.
    keywords: activity; anticancer; base; cancer; cell; characterization; chem; chemistry; complexes; compounds; drugs; ligand; metal; metal complexes; research; schiff; schiff base; study; synthesis
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        item: #155 of 374
          id: bibechana-29906
      author: Jha, Rejeena; Adhikari, Binod; Singh, Dharmendra
       title: Study of aerosol optical properties at different tourist places of Nepal
        date: 2021
       words: 5633
      flesch: 55
     summary: https://doi.org/10.1175/AMSMONOGRAPHS-D- 18-0024.1 [27] S. Oeder et al., Particulate matter from both heavy fuel oil and diesel fuel shipping emissions show strong biological effects on human lung cells at realistic and comparable in vitro exposure conditions, PLoS One. 10 (2015) 1–17. https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/Aerosol s [5] T.Takemura et al., Single-scattering albedo and radiative forcing of various aerosol species with a global three-dimensional model, J. Clim.
    keywords: aerosol; aod; correlation; lumbini; nepal; pokhara; summer; variation; water; wavelength; year
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        item: #156 of 374
          id: bibechana-30546
      author: Yadav, S K; Chaudhary, N; Adhikari, D
       title: Thermodynamic, structural, surface and transport properties of Au-Ni liquid alloy at 1150 K
        date: 2021
       words: 4367
      flesch: 62
     summary: Following Budai-Benko-Kaptay [36], the expression for the viscosity of binary liquid alloy can be given as 𝜂 = 𝐴. (∑ 𝑥𝑖𝑀𝑖𝑖 )1/2 (∑ 𝑥𝑖𝑉𝑖+𝑉𝐸 𝑖 )2/3 𝑇1/2 exp The Warren-Cowley short range order parameter (𝛼1) for binary liquid alloys can be given as [37, 38] 𝛼1 = (𝑆−1)
    keywords: liquid; surface; values; ∆𝐺𝑀; ∆𝐺𝑀 𝑥𝑠; ∆𝐻𝑀; 𝑆𝐶𝐶(0
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        item: #157 of 374
          id: bibechana-30760
      author: Pokhrel, Shanta; Neupane, Prabha
       title: Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant and antibacterial efficacy of methanol and hexane extract of Centella asiatica
        date: 2021
       words: 3147
      flesch: 46
     summary: Antioxidant activity of methanol extract was evaluated by 2, 2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity showed potent antioxidant activities with IC50 value 2.57 μg/mL slightly higher than standard ascorbic acid (IC50 = 3.74 μg/mL). The phytochemical screening of methanol extract of Centella asiatica leaves revealed that carbohydrate, glycosides, phenols, flavonoids, and saponin were present but alkaloids, protein and xanthoprotein were absent.
    keywords: acid; activity; antioxidant; asiatica; centella; extract; hexane; methanol
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        item: #158 of 374
          id: bibechana-31180
      author: Thapa, Prabin; Aryal, Binil
       title: Use of geometric Brownian motion to forecast stock market scenario using post covid-19 NEPSE index
        date: 2021
       words: 4606
      flesch: 61
     summary: Mapping of Nepal stock market through GBM was found to be consistent with the standard forecasting accuracy making GBM one of the flexible and consistent to predict stock market scenario of Nepal accounting the random nature. So, for further discussions we infer best- fit analysis along with R-squared value as in Fig 3. Fig 3: Line plot of selected predicted index and actual index for market year 2004 along with best fit and R-squared value From the Fig 3 above, it is clear that our model of prediction is consistent and can be applied to other fiscal year of stock market as the R-squared value 0.921 is nearly equal to 1 and the best fit to two degree polynomial shows that the model is capable of including the varying nature of stock market.
    keywords: april; index; market; nepse; stock; table; year
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        item: #159 of 374
          id: bibechana-31207
      author: Tiwari, Ram Krishna; Paudyal, Harihar
       title: Variability of b-value before and after the Gorkha earthquake in the Central Himalaya and Vicinity
        date: 2021
       words: 3374
      flesch: 69
     summary: A decreased in stress results in high b values whereas the increase in applied stress decreases b value [5-7] thus it decreases laterally with depth possibly because of increased stress [8], [9]. The fundamental seismic parameter used to describe the ensemble of earthquakes is b value of the Gutenberg-Richter distribution which is power law size distribution described in terms of magnitude [3].
    keywords: depth; earthquake; events; gorkha; magnitude; value
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        item: #160 of 374
          id: bibechana-31208
      author: Kafle, Jeevan; Thakur, Bhogendra Kumar; Bhandari, Indra Bahadur
       title: Visualization, formulation and intuitive explanation of iterative methods for transient analysis of series RLC circuit
        date: 2021
       words: 4052
      flesch: 56
     summary: One of such method is numerical method 3. Results and Discussion In the following sub section, we compare numerical solution of RLC circuits by above discussed numerical methods with exact solution and analyze the different characteristics of damping factor by using best superior iterative method.
    keywords: analysis; circuit; method; numerical; order; rlc; solution
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        item: #161 of 374
          id: bibechana-31234
      author: Gupta, Richa K.; Thakuri, Ganesh M. S.; Bajracharya, Gan B; Jha, Ram Narayan
       title: Synthesis of antioxidative anthraquinones as potential anticancer agents
        date: 2021
       words: 5138
      flesch: 53
     summary: 279–286. https://doi.org/10.3390/60300279 [17] B. R. Madje, M. B. Ubale, J. V. Bharad, M. S. Shingare, B(HSO4)3: an efficient solid acid catalyst for the synthesis of anthraquinone derivatives. [35] V. Mohanlall, P. Steenkamp, B. Odhav, Isolation and characterization of anthraquinone derivatives from Ceratotheca triloba (Bernh.)
    keywords: activity; anthraquinones; antibacterial; antioxidant; chem; chrysophanol; reaction; synthesis
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        item: #162 of 374
          id: bibechana-31628
      author: Malan, Rajesh C; Vora, Aditya M
       title: Investigation of some basic thermodynamic properties of Na-K alloy
        date: 2021
       words: 3195
      flesch: 71
     summary: [14] A.M.Vora, Study of thermodynamical properties of liquid binary alloys by a pseudopotential method, J. Theo. [13] I.H. Umar, A. Meyer,M. Watabe, and W.H. Young, Thermodynamic calculations for liquid alloys with an application to sodium-potassium, Journal of Physics F: Metal Physics 4(10) (1974)1691.
    keywords: alloy; energy; potential; properties; results; table; vora; 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑡
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        item: #163 of 374
          id: bibechana-33384
      author: Adhikari, Devendra
       title: Table of Contents
        date: 2020
       words: 683
      flesch: -46
     summary: [173+014+0082]Astrophysics Janak Ratna Malla, Walter Saurer, B Aryal 26-32 • Phonon dynamics of Zr67Ni33 AND Fe80B20 binary glassy alloysPHONON DYNAMICS Aditya M Vora, Alkesh L Gandhi 33-47 • Simulated spectra (IR and Raman), NLO, AIM and molecular docking of carisoprodol from DFT approachPhysics Manoj Kumar Chaudhary, Tarun Chaudhary, Bhawani Datt Joshi 48-57 • Effect of electron temperature in a magnetized plasma sheath using kinetic trajectory simulation R Chalise, S K Pandit, G Thakur, R Khanal 58-66 • An overview on the non-destructive in-depth surface analysis of corrosion-resistant films: A case study of W-xCr deposits in 12 M HCl solution Jagadish Bhattarai 83-95 • Schiff base metal complex as a potential therapeutic drug in medical science: A critical review Narendra Kumar Chaudhary, Biswash Guragain, Siyanand Kumar Chaudhary, Parashuram Mishra 162-178 https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/BIBECHANA/article/view/29466 https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/BIBECHANA/article/view/29466 https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/BIBECHANA/article/view/29316 https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/BIBECHANA/article/view/29448 https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/BIBECHANA/article/view/29448 https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/BIBECHANA/article/view/29475 https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/BIBECHANA/article/view/29171 https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/BIBECHANA/article/view/29171 https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/BIBECHANA/article/view/29750 https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/BIBECHANA/article/view/29531 https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/BIBECHANA/article/view/29203 https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/BIBECHANA/article/view/29203 https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/BIBECHANA/article/view/29906 https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/BIBECHANA/article/view/30546 https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/BIBECHANA/article/view/29689 https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/BIBECHANA/article/view/29689 https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/BIBECHANA/article/view/29222 https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/BIBECHANA/article/view/29222 https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/BIBECHANA/article/view/29841 iii • Pyrolyzed human hair: a review on synthesis, characterization and applications Tika Ram Bhandari, Bidit Lamsal, Rameshwar Adhikari 213-221 • Degradation of fundamental polymers/plastics used in daily life: a review Netra Lal Bhandari, Ganesh Bhandari, Sunita Bista, Basant Pokhrel, Kabita Bist, Kedar Nath Dhakal 222-235 https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/BIBECHANA/article/view/29601 https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/BIBECHANA/article/view/29619
    keywords: adhikari; kumar; prasad; properties; study
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        item: #164 of 374
          id: bibechana-33405
      author: Ghimire, Basu Dev; Chapagain, Narayan Prasad; Khadka, Balaram; Bidari, Gambhir; Bhatta, Karan; Thapa, Aditya Singh
       title: GPS TEC Scintillations and TEC depletion as seen from Hetauda and NAST, Nepal for 2016
        date: 2021
       words: 2874
      flesch: 58
     summary: ��� https://doi.org/10.3126/bibechana.v18i2.33405 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ http://nepjol.info/index.php/BIBECHANA Basu Dev Ghimire et al. / BIBECHANA 18 (2) (2021) 87-94 88 where, N is electron density. We chooses two stations data which are almost 40 km in distance and correlated the value of ROTI index with ROTI index and S4 index with S4 index and found that the ROTI index of Hetauda is well correlated with ROTI index of NAST with the highest being 94% for PRN 10 and the lowest being -13% for PRN 1.
    keywords: correlation; hetauda; index; nast; prn; roti; tec; � �
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        item: #165 of 374
          id: bibechana-33805
      author: Tiwari, Babu Ram; Xu, Jiyao; Adhikari, Binod; Chapagain, Narayan Prasad
       title: Wavelet and cross correlation analysis on some climatology parameters of Nepal
        date: 2021
       words: 5257
      flesch: 44
     summary: Another advantage of wavelet analysis is that this method, contrary to the other types of transformation providing time-frequency presentation, like the windowed Fourier transformation, solves the dilemma of resolution to a certain extent [18]. [1] J. O. Adepitan and E.O. Falayi, Variability changes of some climatology parameters of Nigeria using wavelet analysis Scientific African (2019).
    keywords: analysis; change; climate; nepal; numbers; power; rainfall; series; spectrum; sunspot; temperature; time; wavelet; years
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        item: #166 of 374
          id: bibechana-33905
      author: Neupane, Hari Krishna; Adhikari, Narayan Prasad
       title: Electronic and magnetic properties of defected MoS2 monolayer
        date: 2021
       words: 4758
      flesch: 54
     summary: We found that MoS2, 1Sv-MoS2& 2Sv-MoS2 materials have non-magnetic properties, and Mov-MoS2& (Mo-S)v-MoS2 materials have magnetic properties because magnetic moment of MoS2, 1Sv-MoS2& 2Sv-MoS2 materials have 0.00 µB/cell value and Mov-MoS2& (Mo-S)v-MoS2 materials have 2.72 µB/cell & 0.99 µB/cell respectively. 3. Results and Discussion In this section, we reported first-principles calculations within the frame work of spin- polarized DFT method to study electronic and magnetic properties of Mo and S atoms vacancy defects in MoS2 material.
    keywords: atoms; band; defects; magnetic; materials; monolayer; mos2; structure; vacancy
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        item: #167 of 374
          id: bibechana-34067
      author: Gautam, S. P.; Silwal, A.; Lamichhane, N.; Jha, A. K.; Aryal, B.
       title: Study of star formation rate and metallicity of the low redshift (z < 0.02) dwarf galaxies
        date: 2021
       words: 3150
      flesch: 62
     summary: In addition, due to a simpler dynamic and morphological system than spiral galaxies, dwarf galaxies are considered the ideal laboratory for studying the formation of stars within the low gas surface density domain along with lower rotational shear rates [6]. While dwarf galaxies have received less attention than spiral galaxies and elliptical galaxies, they may have more cosmological importance.
    keywords: dwarf; emission; formation; galaxies; lines; star
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        item: #168 of 374
          id: bibechana-34383
      author: Parajuli, D.; Samatha, K.
       title: Morphological analysis of Cu substituted Ni\Zn in Ni-Zn ferrites
        date: 2021
       words: 2589
      flesch: 46
     summary: 3. Results A. Morphological Study ` i. Morphological of Cu substituted Ni in Ni-Zn ferrite The microstructural images like grain size, pores, inclusions, grain boundaries, particle size, homogeneity, defects, etc. can be obtained with the help of a Scanning Electron microscope. The effect of grain size on the electric and magnetic properties will be discussed in the next paper.
    keywords: ferrite; grain; magnetic; parajuli; properties; size
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        item: #169 of 374
          id: bibechana-34838
      author: Ghimire, Bal Ram
       title: Study of two-photon absorption and optical limiting
        date: 2021
       words: 2811
      flesch: 55
     summary: In this work experimental study of two photon absorption of fused silica, quartz crystal and metal halides and optical limiters based on the semiconductors are studied. Some Semiconductors with high nonlinearity are found to be useful materials for optical limiters to protect devices like sensors.
    keywords: absorption; beam; damage; energy; irradiance; limiter; limiting; photon
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        item: #170 of 374
          id: bibechana-35394
      author: Upadhyay, Devendra Raj; Subedi, Trishna
       title: Distribution of dust properties around carbon rich AGB star: IRAS 04427+4951 using  IRIS and  AKARI survey 
        date: 2021
       words: 4319
      flesch: 63
     summary: Using the ratio of the flux density in the IRIS 60 µm to the flux density in the IRIS 100 µm in the expression given below [20, 21] , dust color temperature is calculated as, �� = −96 ln �×0.643+� ….… (1) where, � = � 60�� � 100�� Since, F (60µm) and F (100µm) are the flux densities at 60µm and 100µm respectively. Dust color temperature The contour map has been made in 100 m and 140 m FITS.
    keywords: akari; color; dust; flux; iris; survey; temperature; � �
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        item: #171 of 374
          id: bibechana-35761
      author: Pant, Amba Datt
       title: Muonium behavior in N-acetylglycine-N-methylamide
        date: 2021
       words: 1987
      flesch: 58
     summary: 3: HOMO-LUMO gap of two possible stopping sites of muonium in N- acetylglycine-N-methylamide. Theoretically, T. P. Das et al [5, 6] reported the unsaturated bond of carboxyl group in the amino acids passivated by H is possible stopping site of muon however in real bio-samples amino acids are connected/formed to peptide bonds rather than H passivation.
    keywords: muon; muonium; pant; stopping
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        item: #172 of 374
          id: bibechana-37439
      author: Joshi, Ishwor Nath; Jha, A. K.; Aryal, B.
       title: A study of dust structure nearby white dwarf WD1334-678
        date: 2021
       words: 3754
      flesch: 65
     summary: [11], we use the equation, � = 1 (�+ ���) (4) to describe the observed inverse relationship between �� and �. According to Planck, the spectral radiance of a body at frequency � and temperature (T) is given by [15], � �, � = 2ℎ�3 �2 [ 1 � ℎ� ���−1 ] (8) This equation is called the expression for Planck's function where, �� = Boltzmann's constant � = Speed of light � = Frequency at which the emission is observed ℎ = Planck's constant and � = Dust color temperature of each pixel By using the formula given by equation (8), we can calculate the Planck's function of each pixels of the cavity.
    keywords: cavity; color; dust; mass; planck; temperature; � �
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        item: #173 of 374
          id: bibechana-3931
      author: Adhikari, D; Singh, BP; Jha, IS
       title: Regular Associated Solution Model for the Estimation of Heat of Mixing of Binary Liquid Alloys
        date: 2010
       words: 1911
      flesch: 63
     summary: The observed asymmetries in the heat of mixing of binary liquid alloys with respect to the concentrations are well explained on the basis of regular associated solution models. In regular associated solution solutions, the gross chemical potentials of components 1 and 2 are equal to the chemical potentials of the monomeric species A and B
    keywords: alloys; mixing; solution
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        item: #174 of 374
          id: bibechana-3932
      author: None
       title: bibechana-3932
        date: None
       words: 2338
      flesch: 72
     summary: Further, we have fitted the Redlich-kister equations for parameters E E E, V and Gη by using least square fit method. Excess parameters have been calculated using the following equation E measured i iP P X P ..........................
    keywords: mole; parameters; systems
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        item: #175 of 374
          id: bibechana-3933
      author: None
       title: bibechana-3933
        date: None
       words: 1269
      flesch: 63
     summary: 2. Materials and methods The herpetofauna was studied from July, 2002 to June, 2004, once in every month at regular interval from Koshi Tappu Wildlife and its surroundings. The paper deals with the herpetofauna of Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve and its surroundings.
    keywords: amphibians; herpetofauna; koshi; nepal; reptiles; species; wildlife
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        item: #176 of 374
          id: bibechana-3934
      author: Singh, BP; Jha, IS; Adhikari, D
       title: Free Energy of Mixing and Activity of HgK Liquid Alloy
        date: 2010
       words: 1015
      flesch: 75
     summary: Campus, Biratnagar, Tribhuvan University, Nepal Abstract The large asymmetry observed in free energy of mixing of HgK liquid alloy is discussed on basis of Flory’s model. Conclusion Flory’s, model has been considered to study the concentration dependence of free energy of mixing and activity of HgK liquid alloy.
    keywords: energy; mixing
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        item: #177 of 374
          id: bibechana-3935
      author: Chaudhary, Narendra Kumar
       title: Food Additives
        date: 2010
       words: 2170
      flesch: 45
     summary: Chelating, or sequestering, agents protect food products from many enzymatic reactions that promote deterioration during processing and storage. Antioxidants The oxidation of food products involves the addition of an oxygen atom to or the removal of a hydrogen atom from the different chemical molecules found in food.
    keywords: additives; agents; colorants; flavour; food; products; sweeteners
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        item: #178 of 374
          id: bibechana-3936
      author: Adhikari, Devendra; Adhikari, Krishna Raj
       title: Dark Matter in the Universe
        date: 2010
       words: 1416
      flesch: 61
     summary: Microsoft Word - main.doc 27 BIBECHANA Vol. 6, March 2010 DARK MATTER IN THE UNIVERSE Devendra Adhikari1 and Krishna Raj Adhikari2 1M.M.A.M. Campus, Biratnagar, Tribhuvan University, Nepal 2Western Regional Campus, IOE, Tribhuvan Univesity, Nepal Abstract Different physical phenomena, techniques, and evidences which give the proof for the existence of dark matter have been discussed. Although it can not be seen, scientists have several reliable evidences that more than 90% of the total mass of the universe is composed of this undetected mass, called dark matter.
    keywords: galaxies; mass; matter; universe
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        item: #179 of 374
          id: bibechana-3937
      author: Thapa, D
       title: Bio-Diversity Conservation in Nepal
        date: 2010
       words: 1745
      flesch: 49
     summary: Protected Areas of Nepal Table 1 (National Parks) S.N. Category and Name (year of establishment)Area (km s. q.)Altitude (m) 1 Royal Chitwan National Park (1973) 932 150-815 2 Royal Bardia National Park (1976\1988) 968 152-1494 3 Shavipuri National Park (2002) 144 1366-2732 4 Khaptad National Park (1984) 225 1000-3276 5 Makalu Barun National Park (1991) 1500 435-8463 6 Sagarmatha National Park (1976) 1148 2800-8850 7 Langtang National Park (1976) 1710 792-7245 8 1 Royal Chitwan National Park 750 2 Royal Bardia National Park 328 3 Makalu Barun National Park 830 4 Langtang National Park 420 5
    keywords: area; biodiversity; conservation; national; nepal; park; species; wildlife
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        item: #180 of 374
          id: bibechana-4034
      author: Adhikari, Devendra
       title: Editorial Vol.7 2011
        date: 2010
       words: 140
      flesch: 48
     summary: Microsoft Word - Editorial.doc Editorial It is our pleasure to present a new volume of BIBECHANA (volume 7) where we have interesting and educational research articles in physics, chemistry, biology, mathematics and related disciplines. This will help us expand our presence in superior community of educationists, scientists and technologists.
    keywords: volume
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        item: #181 of 374
          id: bibechana-4035
      author: Singh, BP; Adhikari, D; Jha, IS; Singh, BK
       title: Complex formation in liquid potassium-lead alloy
        date: 2010
       words: 1648
      flesch: 63
     summary: Keywords: Compound forming alloy; Pairwise interaction energy; Equilibrium constant 1. [( )x21( 1 G BABABBAA23BAB13BAA12BA BA 2222 2 +++ω+ω+ω + =∆ ]klnxRT BA2 + (2) where 12ω , 13ω and 23ω are pairwise interaction energies for the species A, B ; A, A2B and B, A2B respectively, k is equilibrium constant, T the temperature and R stands for the universal gas constant.
    keywords: alloy; mixing
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        item: #182 of 374
          id: bibechana-4036
      author: None
       title: bibechana-4036
        date: None
       words: 2706
      flesch: 65
     summary: The Photo voltages and photocurrents in photo galvanic cell containing a dye Rose Bengal and Oxalic Acid as reducing agent have been determined. [7] reported use of toluidine blue nitroloacetic acid (TB-NTA) system in photo galvanic cell for solar energy conversion.
    keywords: acid; bengal; cell; galvanic; oxalic; photo; potential; system
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        item: #183 of 374
          id: bibechana-4037
      author: None
       title: bibechana-4037
        date: None
       words: 1097
      flesch: 62
     summary: Evaporation by perspiration is an important mechanism for temperature control of warm blooded animals- evaporating cooling enables humans to maintain normal body temperature in hot, dry desert climates where the air temperature may reach 55 o C (about 130 o F). At higher temperature rates of sweating are nearly the same for fat and thin man.
    keywords: evaporation; heat; temperature
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        item: #184 of 374
          id: bibechana-4038
      author: Choudhary, Shitanshu Shekhar; Thapa, Raju Ram
       title: Locally compact space and continuity
        date: 2010
       words: 1191
      flesch: 75
     summary: It has been also seen that most of the spaces turn out to be closed subspaces of products of compact spaces and such spaces are necessarily compact. Introduction It has been seen that any product of compact spaces is compact.
    keywords: space
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        item: #185 of 374
          id: bibechana-4039
      author: Adhihari, Ram Chandra
       title: Household solid waste production and its management in Biratnagar sub-metropolitan city
        date: 2010
       words: 1943
      flesch: 61
     summary: The average of solid waste solid waste generation from semi urban region is tabulated in table 2. The average of solid waste solid waste generation from main bazaar region is furnished in table 3.
    keywords: degradable; non; waste
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        item: #186 of 374
          id: bibechana-4040
      author: Jha, IS; Khan, Arun K; Kumar, BC
       title: Free energy of mixing and activity of indium-tin alloy
        date: 2010
       words: 1132
      flesch: 65
     summary: It is clear from the graph that the matching of theoretical values with experimental values is relatively better in lower concentration range of In, i.e.; in the region Alc < 0.5 than in higher concentration. The values of these thermodynamic parameters obtained from this model are compared with corresponding experimental values.
    keywords: jha; mixing; values
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        item: #187 of 374
          id: bibechana-4041
      author: Chhetry, Damodar Thapa
       title: Studies on molluscs of Betna wetlands and its surroundings, Nepal
        date: 2010
       words: 1019
      flesch: 60
     summary: Table 2: Edible molluscs of Betna wetland and its surroundings S.N. Name of the species Tribes who eat molluscs. Parreysia caerulea (Lee,1831) Jhangad, Bantar, Sardar, Malaha, etc. Table 3: Harmful molluscs of Betna wetland and its surroundings S.N. Name of the species Harmful activities 1 Bellamya bengalensis (Lamarck,1882) Pest of seedlings of paddy 2 Lymnaea acuminata (Lamarck, 1822)
    keywords: gastropoda; molluscs; nepal; species
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        item: #188 of 374
          id: bibechana-4042
      author: Kumar, A; Jha, IS; Singh, BP
       title: Anomaly in energetic and structural properties of MgSn liquid alloys
        date: 2010
       words: 2481
      flesch: 67
     summary: The theoretical and experimental values of free energy of mixing for MgSn liquid alloy is shown in figure 1. Heat of mixing The heat of mixing for MgSn liquid alloy has been computed from Eq.
    keywords: alloy; concentration; energy; mixing; theoretical
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        item: #189 of 374
          id: bibechana-4043
      author: Palei, GK; Sah, NP
       title: Some results on asymptotically normable Frechet spaces
        date: 2010
       words: 2831
      flesch: 77
     summary: For comparison we recall that the class of quasi-normable Frechet spaces is the smallest class of Frechet spaces containing the nuclear Kothe spaces (or nuclear Kothe spaces with continuous norms, or Schwartz spaces, or countably normable Schwartz spaces) and the Banach spaces and is closed under π-tensor products and quotient spaces. Keywords: Asymptotically normable; Frechet space; Kothe space Introduction Let E be a Frechet space, || ||1 ≤ || ||2 ≤ ......
    keywords: space
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        item: #190 of 374
          id: bibechana-4044
      author: Chaudhary, NK
       title: Rotaxane: a switching element in molecular electronics
        date: 2010
       words: 1091
      flesch: 51
     summary: A Rotaxane molecule Firure: 1 External stimulus applied to affect in switching motion of rotaxane weakens the binding forces between the macrocycle and dumbbell shaped molecule. As a molecular transistor Another use of switchable rotaxanes is for the fabrication of molecular transistors.
    keywords: molecule; rotaxane; switching; ttf
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        item: #191 of 374
          id: bibechana-4045
      author: None
       title: bibechana-4045
        date: None
       words: 1265
      flesch: 70
     summary: A new interionic function proposed by Jha and Thakur to study the properties of ionic crystal under high pressure. To study the theory of solid the Born model of ionic solids [1] provides a method for calculating elastic and thermal properties of ionic crystal under high pressure.
    keywords: function; potential; pressure
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        item: #192 of 374
          id: bibechana-4046
      author: None
       title: bibechana-4046
        date: None
       words: 2799
      flesch: 70
     summary: = k 2 π , k∈N of the system of Eqs. (34) to (37) are given by [6, 7] as : q1 = ] 2 )( cos[) 2 sin( 0 ti −−Ω σ ρ q2 = ] 2 )( sin[) 2 sin( 0 ti −−Ω σ ρ (46) q3 = ] 2 )( sin[) 2 cos( 0 ti −+Ω σ ρ q4 = ] 2 )( cos[) 2 cos( 0 ti −+Ω − σ ρ and Q1 = ] 2 )( cos[) 2 sin( 0' ti −−Ω σ ρ Q2 = ] 2 )( sin[) 2 sin( 0' ti −−Ω σ ρ (47) Q3 = ] 2 )( sin[) 2 cos( 0' ti −+Ω σ ρ Q4 = ] 2 )( cos[) 2 cos( 0' ti −+Ω − σ ρ where 00 ' 2sin(22 ssc −−=ρ ) (48) In sidereal frame, the compact parametric representation of KS – Variables in terms of orbital elements i, σ,Ω in any plane curve having its orbital plane in general position, is given by [3] as : u1 = ] 2 )( sin[) 2 sin(] 2 )( cos[) 2 sin( 2 σσ −Ω = −Ω
    keywords: cos; sin
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        item: #193 of 374
          id: bibechana-4047
      author: Shah, SK; Bhattarai, A; Chatterjee, SK
       title: Surfactants, its applications and effects on environment
        date: 2010
       words: 1829
      flesch: 52
     summary: [26] R. Lagerman et al., JAOCS, 71 (1994)(1)97. [32] A. Zabielska, J. Matejuk, et al., Holzforschung, 58(2004)292.
    keywords: chem; s.k; surfactants; tension; water
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        item: #194 of 374
          id: bibechana-4048
      author: Pradhan, Devesh
       title: Waste management
        date: 2010
       words: 2665
      flesch: 50
     summary: These schemes are more advanced for metals and some other materials such as glass, paper and broken polythene and collection points for such solid wastes have become a familiar sight in many cities in recent years. The incineration process is considered when suitable site for land filling is not available within the economic distances from the sources of solid wastes.
    keywords: management; process; recycling; sewage; solid; wastes; water
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        item: #195 of 374
          id: bibechana-4049
      author: Shrestha, Mohan Kumar
       title: Effect of Sewage and industrial effluents on flowering behavior and yield of pea (Pisum sativum L. var. arkel)
        date: 2010
       words: 1684
      flesch: 55
     summary: The rate of increase in number of flowering plants was initially high in Municipality Sewage effluent but was leaded by Dairy Farming effluent in final days. [10] reported that Municipality Sewage and Dairy Farming effluents are inhibitory for seed germination while Shah Udyog effluent stimulated this parameter.
    keywords: dairy; effluents; municipality; sewage; shah; udyog
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        item: #196 of 374
          id: bibechana-4050
      author: Paudyal, Harihar
       title: Anomalous seismic activity associated with 1988 Udayapur earthquake
        date: 2010
       words: 2948
      flesch: 54
     summary: Anomalous seismic activity associated with these earthquake in Eastern Nepal and its adjoining region in an area bounded by 26.0 o -29.0 o N and 84.6 o -88.4 o E have been studied using seismicity data from 1975-1988. [6] proposed a generalized precursory swarm hypothesis for the occurrence of multiple earthquake swarms, precursory gap and multiple mainshock events.
    keywords: earthquake; gap; mainshock; seismicity; swarm
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        item: #197 of 374
          id: bibechana-4051
      author: Bhattrai, Mani Raj
       title: Riemann integral and its relation with Lebesgue integral
        date: 2010
       words: 1532
      flesch: 57
     summary: ∗ Corresponding author: Mani Raj Bhattrai, Dept. of Mathematics, Bhanu M.H.S. School, Biratnagar, Nepal, Email: manirb08@yahoo.co.in Mani Raj Bhattrai / BIBECHANA 7 (2011) 83-86: BMHSS 84 However, Riemann integration does not interact well with taking limits of sequences of functions, making such limiting processes difficult to analyze. This space is isomorphic to the space of Lebesgue integrable functions modulo the subspace of functions with integral zero.
    keywords: integral; lebesgue; riemann
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        item: #198 of 374
          id: bibechana-42206
      author: Adhikari, Pitri Bhakta; Dawadi, Sapana; Nepal, Shanta
       title: The fatalities and injuries due to avalanche effect in the Himalayan Region, Nepal
        date: 2023
       words: 4472
      flesch: 67
     summary: Broad Peak located in Pakistan and Gasherbrum I located in Pakistan to China are Pitri Bhakta Adhikari et al./ BIBECHANA 20 (2023) 36-45 44 Figure 6: US, Colorado and European avalanche fatalities data in combination chart. On analyzing the statistics of avalanche fatality in the high mountain of Asia from 1895 to 2022, the fatality number was 59 at Annapurna and Dhaulagiri mountain peaks.
    keywords: area; avalanche; data; fatalities; fatality; mountain; nepal; number; people; snow
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        item: #199 of 374
          id: bibechana-45159
      author: Shrestha, Bikash; Guragain, Rajesh Prakash; Sedhai, Binita; Baniya, Hom Bahadur; Joshi, Ujjwal Man; Subedi, Deepak Prasad
       title: Surface modification of nylon 6 by 50 Hz dielectric barrier discharge Produced in air and argon at atmospheric pressure
        date: 2023
       words: 5050
      flesch: 61
     summary: Similarly, the average electron density in argon plasma was found to be higher in comparison to air plasma at the particular applied voltage, as the high number of argon atoms gets readily ionized, result- ing in a stream of secondary electrons due to the rel- atively lower breakdown voltage of argon plasma in comparison to air plasma. Air plasma consists of about 78% nitrogen.
    keywords: air; argon; argon dbd; dbd; discharge; electron; energy; figure; nylon; plasma; sample; surface; treatment; voltage
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        item: #200 of 374
          id: bibechana-45943
      author: Poudel, Bhoj Raj; Ale, Dhan Shree; Aryal, Ram Lochan; Ghimire, Kedar Nath; Gautam, Surendra Kumar; Paudyal, Hari; Pokhrel, Megh Raj
       title: Zirconium modified pomegranate peel for efficient removal of arsenite from water
        date: 2022
       words: 5677
      flesch: 54
     summary: Adsorption isotherms The adsorption isotherm was described by evaluating the fluctuation of starting As(III) concentration for adsorption capacity. The equilibrium adsorption capacity (qe), adsorption capacity (qt) at a predetermined time (t), and % adsorption (%A) of As(III) ions were evaluated according to Eqs.
    keywords: adsorbent; adsorption; arsenic; as(iii; biosorbent; biosorption; capacity; fig; ions; order; poudel; removal; solution; spp@zr; water
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        item: #201 of 374
          id: bibechana-45963
      author: Dangi, Subas; Parajuli, Niranjan
       title: Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of methanolic rhizome extract of Bergenia pacumbis: A valuable medicinal herb 
        date: 2022
       words: 6877
      flesch: 50
     summary: The solvent from plant extract was removed by evaporating with the help of a rotary evaporator under reduced pressure at 40 °C. Various concentrations (5, 12.5, 25, 50, 100 & 200 μg/mL) of plant extract and ascorbic acid were prepared in methanol on the clean and dry test tubes.
    keywords: acid; activities; activity; bergenia; compounds; doi; et al; extract; flavonoids; pacumbis; plant; presence; screening; test
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        item: #202 of 374
          id: bibechana-46094
      author: Pandey, Kamala; Pokhrel, Shanta
       title: Phytochemical Screening and Biological Activities of Oxalis corniculata Leaves of Sindhupalchowk District, Nepal
        date: 2022
       words: 2928
      flesch: 46
     summary: 3.3 Antioxidant activity via DPPH assay The antioxidant activity of methanol plant extract was measured by using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl radical (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. 2.3 Antibacterial screening Agar well diffusion method was used to study the antibacterial activity of plant extract [10,11].
    keywords: acid; activity; antioxidant; corniculata; extract; methanol; oxalis; plant
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        item: #203 of 374
          id: bibechana-46380
      author: Giri, Roshan; Chimouriya, Shanker Prasad; Ghimire, Bal Ram
       title: Application of absorption of infra-red radiation and reflection spectra to distinguish different inks of same color in alteration
        date: 2022
       words: 2367
      flesch: 61
     summary: Materials and Method We prepared some samples of alteration by ourselves using different black ink pen (black pilot pen, black cello techno tip pen, black maxriter pen and black cello pointec pen) found in our market now days in white photocopy paper. In our sample, digit one ‘1’ is altered to make digit four ‘4’ as shown in figure 3 and figure 6 by using different black ink pens.
    keywords: alteration; cello; light; pen; radiation; reflection
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        item: #204 of 374
          id: bibechana-46386
      author: Gyawali, Manoj; Acharya, Ayusha; Adhikari, Tikaram; Dahal, Kiran; Kafle, Bhooshan; Kim, Dae Hyun; Kafle, Sagar
       title: A mixed-mode ginger and turmeric solar dryer: design, simulation, biochemical and performance analysis
        date: 2022
       words: 8524
      flesch: 64
     summary: It was found that the sun drying curve and dried solar curve of turmeric were highly correlated with the Wang and Singh model because they had a high correlation coefficient with Wang and Singh model as R= 0.99459559 for sun drying and R= 0.990296 for solar dried turmeric. The essential oil of dried ginger was also extracted as per the equivalent of fresh ginger weight at various MC.
    keywords: analysis; bibechana; collector; day; dryer; drying; energy; fig; ginger; gyawali; model; nepal; solar; sun; temperature; tray; turmeric
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        item: #205 of 374
          id: bibechana-46387
      author: Parajuli, D.; Murali, N.; Samatha, K.
       title: Correlation between the Magnetic and DC resistivity studies of Cu substituted Ni and Zn in Ni-Zn ferrites
        date: 2022
       words: 2651
      flesch: 51
     summary: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jart.2017.01.009 [20] Kumar S, Kumar P, Singh V, Kumar Mandal U, Kumar Kotnala, Synthesis, characterization and magnetic properties of monodisperse Ni, Zn-ferrite nanocrystals, J. Magn. [6] Ji Hyun Min, Mi-Kyung Woo, Ha Young Yoon, Jin Woo Jang, Jun Hua Wu, Chae- Seung Lim, Young Keun Kim, Isolation of DNA using magnetic nanoparticles coated with dimercapto succinic acid, Anal.
    keywords: ferrites; magnetic; nickel; properties; resistivity; temperature
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        item: #206 of 374
          id: bibechana-46389
      author: Sah, Shiv Shankar Prasad; Yadav, Shiv Narayan
       title: Study preferred alignments of angular momentum vector of i – magnitude SDSS galaxies having redshift 0.54 – 0.60 
        date: 2022
       words: 5574
      flesch: 58
     summary: In the study, we observed random orientation of spin vector of galaxies in all twenty samples and supported a strongly Hierarchy model of galaxy evolution. In the polar angle (θ) distribution a significant negative value of first-order Fourier coefficient suggests that the angular momentum vectors of galaxies tend to be oriented perpendicular with respect to a reference coordinate system and supports ‘Primordial Vorticity model’ of galaxy evolution [6-8].
    keywords: angle; distribution; galaxies; observed; region; sample; spin; spin vector; vector
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        item: #207 of 374
          id: bibechana-46392
      author: Gohivar, R. K.; Yadav, S. K.; Koirala, R. P.; Adhikari, D.
       title: Exponential Temperature-Dependent Parameters for Thermodynamic and Structural Properties of Al-Ti Melt
        date: 2025
       words: 2962
      flesch: 51
     summary: 465 (2008)64-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.10.061 [8]V. S. Sudavtsova and N. V. Podoprigora, Thermodynamic properties of melts in Al-TI (Zr, Hf) binary systems, Powder Metall. [20]O. Redlich, A. T. Kister, Algebraic representation of thermodynamic properties and the classification, Ind.Eng.Chem.40(1948)345-348. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50458a036.
    keywords: mixing; parameters; temperature
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        item: #208 of 374
          id: bibechana-46394
      author: Shah, Niraj Kumar; Chaudhary, Prena; Kaphle, Gopi Chandra
       title: Real-Time Traffic Prediction Using Monte Carlo Simulation: A Case Study of Kantipath Road, Kathmandu, Nepal
        date: 2022
       words: 3646
      flesch: 62
     summary: In 2013, Shengda et al. formulated a way for intelligent traffic lights based on the sequence of traffic flow in a single intersections exploiting complex mathematics and MATLAB The peak point of traffic flow was found at 9:45:00 and at 18:30:00.
    keywords: carlo; data; distribution; flow; monte; road; simulation; test; traffic; vehicles
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        item: #209 of 374
          id: bibechana-46396
      author: Ghimire, Rishi Ram; Parajuli, Ashutosh; Gupta, Suresh Kumar; Rai, Krishna Bahadur
       title: Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles by Chemical Method and its Structural and Optical Characterization 
        date: 2022
       words: 3331
      flesch: 54
     summary: The existence of water molecules results hard agglomeration of NPs in the formation of Zn-O-Zn bond which impedes the applications of ZnO NPs A number of efficient ways of research have been done in the application field of ZnO NPs and its synthesis.
    keywords: equation; hall; method; nps; particle; size; synthesis; williamson; xrd; zinc; zno
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        item: #210 of 374
          id: bibechana-46397
      author: Parmar, Vandana B.; Vora, Aditya M.
       title: Structural and Electronic Properties of Intercalated Transition Metal Dichalcogenides Compounds
        date: 2022
       words: 2039
      flesch: 67
     summary: 4. Vidit B. Zala, A. M. Vora and P. N. Gajjar, AIP Conf. 5. H. S. Patel, V. A. Dabhi, A. M. Vora, in: D. Singh, S. Das, A. Materny (Eds.), Advances in spectroscopy-molecules to materials, Springer Proc.
    keywords: band; fetis2; states; structure; tis2
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        item: #211 of 374
          id: bibechana-46400
      author: Dhakal, Oat Bahadur; Chalise, Roshan; Khanal, Raju
       title: Analysis of SARSCOV-2 Cases in Nepal using Different Models
        date: 2022
       words: 3986
      flesch: 59
     summary: Model. 5 (2020) 502-509 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idm.2020.07.003 [15] A. Ahmadi, et al., Modeling and forecasting trend of COVID-19 epidemic in Iran until May 13, 2020. Bhandary et al.
    keywords: cases; covid-19; epidemic; et al; infected; model; number
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        item: #212 of 374
          id: bibechana-46401
      author: Gupta, S. P.; Yadav, K.; Jha, L. K.
       title: He2+ impact single ionization cross sections of Cu atom
        date: 2022
       words: 4115
      flesch: 57
     summary: Energy transfer ionization cross section for this case has been given as [18]       += 1 3 2 2 12 1 2 2 2 1 4 3 41)(     E Em mZZe d dQ (2) These classical theories remained dormant for three decade till the pioneering work of Gryziniski BIBECHANA 19 (1-2) (2022) 111-118 111 He2+ impact single ionization cross sections of Cu atom 1S.
    keywords: cross; data; electron; energy; impact; ionization; particle; phys; results; sections
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        item: #213 of 374
          id: bibechana-46403
      author: Pathak, Arvind; Ranjit, Arpana; Dhakal, Bijaya
       title: Development of construction materials from the geopolymerization of red clay and coal fly ash 
        date: 2022
       words: 3162
      flesch: 57
     summary: Adrian et al., Pozzolanic Reactivity of Low Grade Kaolinitic Clays: Influence of Calcination Temperature and Impact of Calcination Products on OPC Hydration, Appl. [4] A.G.S. Azevedo et al., Effect of Curing Temperature, Activator Solution Composition and Particle Size in Brazilian Fly-Ash Based Geopolymer Production, Mater.
    keywords: ash; clay; coal; fly; geopolymer; materials; products; strength
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        item: #214 of 374
          id: bibechana-46404
      author: Bhandari, Shalika Ram; Lawaju, Sarita; KC, Santosh; Kaphle, Gopi Chandra; Ghimire, Madhav Prasad
       title: Electronic Structure and Magnetic Properties of Double Perovskites Ca2MnIrO6
        date: 2022
       words: 2857
      flesch: 62
     summary: https://doi.org/10.1016/0079-6786(93)90004-B [2] O. Bidault et al; Polaronic relaxation in perovskites, Phys. https://doi.org/10.1039/C9RA10775D [4] R. Viana et al; Dielectric spectroscopy in SrTiO , Phys.
    keywords: ca2mniro6; metallic; perovskites; phys; rev; spin; state; structure
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        item: #215 of 374
          id: bibechana-46406
      author: Regmi, Rachana; Shrestha, Mitesh; Karki, Dilip; Poudel, Ram Chandra; Banjara, Megh Raj; Khadka, Deegendra
       title: Antibacterial and antioxidant activity of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles from the high-altitude medicinal plants Rhododendron anthopogen, Neopicrorhiza scrophulariiflora and Rheum australe of Nepal
        date: 2022
       words: 4697
      flesch: 50
     summary: [1]A. A. Ashour et al, Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Cranberry Powder Aqueous Extract: Characterization and Antimicrobial Properties. [5]M. M. Pandey et al, An Important Indian Traditional Drug of Ayurveda Jatamansi and Its Substitute Bhootkeshi: Chemical Profiling and Antioxidant Activity.
    keywords: activity; agnps; antioxidant; australe; extract; fig; nanoparticles; plants; silver; synthesis
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        item: #216 of 374
          id: bibechana-46407
      author: Acharya, Krishna Prasad; Khanal, Shanker Prasad; Chhetry, Devendra
       title: Dichotomization of quantitative variables in poverty analysis
        date: 2022
       words: 3701
      flesch: 59
     summary: Association of each dichotomized variable with household level poverty status (poor/non-poor) was found highly significant. They were originated from a class of poverty measures P() introduced by - Foster-Greer-Thorbecke [8], and expressed as where  is index  0, q is the number of poor peoples, N is the total number of individuals, z is the poverty line, yi is the per capita consumption expenditure and sum of the expression within parentheses is total poverty gap expressed as a proportion of the poverty line.
    keywords: children; group; households; index; land; number; poverty; variable
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        item: #217 of 374
          id: bibechana-46408
      author: Adhikari, Homchandra; Pantha, Nurapati
       title: Estimation of Global Solar Radiation (GSR) From the Sunshine Hour of Guranshe, Surkhet, Nepal
        date: 2022
       words: 5014
      flesch: 56
     summary: Our study shows that Gurashe (Surkhet) has similar average GSR value comparing to the other places of Nepal and better agreement is seen with Pokhara due to similar geological/metrological parameters. 3. Conclusions The measured GSR, calculated GSR and other meteorological parameters affecting GSR were studied by using the available data.
    keywords: average; day; energy; gsr; model; radiation; sunshine
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        item: #218 of 374
          id: bibechana-46413
      author: Pant, Amba Datt
       title: Optimization of momentum of muon beam and thickness of cell-window for muon experiment in bio-sample: a simulation study
        date: 2022
       words: 2070
      flesch: 59
     summary: BIBECHANA 19(1-2) (2022) 160-164 160 Optimization of momentum of muon beam and thickness of cell-window for muon experiment in bio-sample: a simulation study Amba Datt Pant Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Rather than several experimental trials, we used to perform simulation study to optimize the momentum of muon beam and thickness of window of the sample cell.
    keywords: mev; momentum; muon; window
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        item: #219 of 374
          id: bibechana-46416
      author: Karki, Bhishma; Dhobi, Saddam Husain; Nakarmi, Jeevan Jyoti; Yadav, Kishori
       title: Energy Eigenvalue and Thermodynamic Properties of q-deformed Hulthen Potential
        date: 2022
       words: 3319
      flesch: 58
     summary: [1 + 2𝜇 − (2𝜇 − 2𝜙 − 2)𝑍]𝑓′(𝑍) − [(𝜇 + 𝜙)2 + (𝜇 + 𝜙) + 𝜁)]𝑓(𝑍) + [1 + 2𝜇 − (2𝜇 − 2𝜙 − 2)𝑍]𝑓′(𝑍) − [(𝜇 +𝜙 + 1 2 + √ 1 4 − 𝜁) × (𝜇 + 𝜙 + 1 2 − √ 1 4 − 𝜁)]𝑓(𝑍) = 0 (6)
    keywords: energy; equation; properties
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        item: #220 of 374
          id: bibechana-46429
      author: Subedi, Bibek; Adhikari, Narayan
       title: Substitutional Sodium Doping on Tungsten Ditelluride: A First-principles Study
        date: 2022
       words: 5295
      flesch: 64
     summary: Electronic band structure of pristine WTe2 1. Electronic band structure of Na doped WTe2
    keywords: atom; band; doping; energy; pristine; site; spin; structure; supercell; system; wte2
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        item: #221 of 374
          id: bibechana-46430
      author: Koirala, Rajendra Prasad; Adhikari, Narayan Prasad
       title: Flipping Back of Extrahelical Guanine after Methyl Repair
        date: 2022
       words: 3443
      flesch: 61
     summary: 3: Variation in (a) distance and (b) distribution, of hydrogen bonding pairs in GUA7 and CYT20 during 10 ns simulation. The result is analyzed from the aspect of distance variation and distribution of hydrogen bonding pair partners.
    keywords: agt; bonding; dna; flipping; guanine; hydrogen; simulation
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        item: #222 of 374
          id: bibechana-46435
      author: Adhikari, Mandira Pradhananga; Bhatt, Janak Raj
       title: Remediation of Bagmati River water using activated carbon from Macrotyloma uniflorum (gram horse) seed 
        date: 2022
       words: 7305
      flesch: 55
     summary: [14] D. Liang et al., Mechanism of the evolution of pore structure during the preparation of activated carbon from Zhundong high-alkali coal based on gas-solid diffusion and activation reactions, RSC Adv. 10 (2020) 33566-33575 [15] O. Edokpayi et al., Batch adsorption study of methylene blue in aqueous solution using activated carbons from rice husk and coconut shell, J. Appl. BIBECHANA 19 (1-2) (2022) 170-183 170 Remediation of Bagmati River water using activated carbon from Macrotyloma uniflorum (gram horse) seed Mandira Pradhananga Adhikari!
    keywords: adsorption; blue; carbon; carbonization; gram; horse; iodine; methylene; river; seed; surface; water
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        item: #223 of 374
          id: bibechana-46830
      author: Mitruka, Jay Narayan; Ojha, Keshab; Bhattarai, Arush; Nepal, Sadiksha; Bhattarai, Ajaya
       title: Micellization of sodium dodecyl sulphate in the presence and absence of potassium sulphate and nickel sulphate
        date: 2022
       words: 2323
      flesch: 53
     summary: No studies have been conducted on the effect of salts (K2SO4, NiSO4) on SDS surfactant. Conductivity measurements in aqueous and ethanol-water systems at 298.15 K, Niraula et al. investigated the influence of solvent permittivity and salt on sodium dodecyl sulphate micellization behavior [8].
    keywords: cmc; k2so4; micellization; presence; salts; sds
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        item: #224 of 374
          id: bibechana-46838
      author: Vora, Aditya M.
       title: Study on Electronic Properties of α-Uranium using Ab-initio Approach
        date: 2022
       words: 2429
      flesch: 52
     summary: Mater. 5 (2) (2021) 116–125, https://doi.org/10.32523/ejpfm.2021050204 [19]V. B. Zala, A. M. Vora and P. N. Gajjar, Electronic properties of iron pnictide superconductor LiFeP, AIP Conf. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0202-6_30 [21]V. A. Dabhi, H. S. Patel, A. M. Vora, To investigate electronic properties of AlHO2 doped with trivalent impurities (Ga, In, Tl) by using density functional theory, AIP Conf.
    keywords: density; phys; properties; structure; study; theory; uranium; vora
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        item: #225 of 374
          id: bibechana-4702
      author: Yasin, Mohd Yusuf
       title: Scientific Calculators and the Skill of Efficient Computation
        date: 2012
       words: 1841
      flesch: 53
     summary: Keywords: scientific calculators; calculator techniques; efficient computation; efficient use of calculators, computation skills; numerical techniques 1. Scientific calculators are handy tools.
    keywords: ans; calculators; equation
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        item: #226 of 374
          id: bibechana-4766
      author: Mishra, AD
       title: A Convenient route for the synthesis of antimicrobial 1, 3, 4- thiadiazole derivatives
        date: 2012
       words: 2011
      flesch: 60
     summary: 12.36(S,1H,NH) 4j 3421(N-H) 3036(C-H) 745(C-Cl) 7.05-7.89(m,7H,ArH) 13.0(S,1H,NH) A. D. Mishra / BIBECHANA 8 (2012) 17-22 : BMHSS, p. 21 Table 3: Antibacterial activity of 1, 3, 4-thiadiazole derivatives (4a-j) [3] N.K. Wadoker and M.A. Dhiman, Indian J Chem.
    keywords: chem; compounds; inhibition
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        item: #227 of 374
          id: bibechana-4784
      author: None
       title: bibechana-4784
        date: None
       words: 3918
      flesch: 66
     summary: [28] A. Sharmah, H. Jha and J. Bhattarai, J. Nepal Chem. [29] H. Jha and J. Bhattarai, J. Alloys Compd. 456 (2008) 474.
    keywords: alloys; bhattarai; films; sci
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        item: #228 of 374
          id: bibechana-4806
      author: None
       title: bibechana-4806
        date: None
       words: 3289
      flesch: 69
     summary: Keywords: white dwarf; interstellar medium; flux density; interstellar dust; mass of the gas 1. In this work we present a detailed study of dust structures around white dwarf WD 0253+209 in order to understand the fossil records of its evolution during AGB phase.
    keywords: dust; dwarf; flux; mass; micron; region; white
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        item: #229 of 374
          id: bibechana-4828
      author: Lamichhane, Shobha Kanta
       title: Experimental investigation on anisotropic surface properties of crystalline silicon
        date: 2012
       words: 3782
      flesch: 57
     summary: If we have answer of all these quires in hand, then there is no doubt of etching silicon in aqueous KOH is of both technological and fundamental importance. A modified RCA clean (i.e., dilute HF after SC1) is designed to eliminate the thin oxide layer grown on silicon surface.
    keywords: activation; anisotropic; energy; etching; koh; rate; silicon; surface; temperature
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        item: #230 of 374
          id: bibechana-4876
      author: Khadka, Shree Ram
       title: Bottlenecks to product rate variation problem with batching
        date: 2012
       words: 2432
      flesch: 72
     summary: Proof: We consider the bottleneck 5 = (67(C m − C m�)): and assume that ([, \) be sequenced in the ideal position Om^_C mabE P. . , X. ⟹ Q(2\ − 1)2V07 − (2\ − 1)207R = Q(2t́ − 1)2V0h́ − (2t́ − 1)20h́R . ⟹ mú_C mv́ = Bẃ0� Bv́ Since both (2\ − 1) and (2t́ − 1) are odd, neither 27 divides (2\ − 1) nor 2h́ divides (2t́ − 1).
    keywords: bottleneck; problem
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        item: #231 of 374
          id: bibechana-4879
      author: Eshghi, Mahdi
       title: Pseudo-spin Symmetry in Dirac-Four-Parameter Diatomic Problem Coupled with a Coulomb-like Tensor potential
        date: 2012
       words: 3499
      flesch: 85
     summary: α α ξ ξ ξ ψ   − + − − + − + − =   (12) α α α′ = − − − + 3 9 3 82 2( ) 0.α α α α= − − + < (21)
    keywords: α α; − −
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        item: #232 of 374
          id: bibechana-48825
      author: Sapkota, Santosh; Gautam, Sabin; Pokhrel, Santosh; Gautam, Aayush; Basnet, Kailash; Mishra, Roshan Kumar; Regmi, Jeevan
       title: Study of aerosol optical properties in Lumbini, Nepal
        date: 2023
       words: 4377
      flesch: 59
     summary: The real part of the refractive index reaches its maximum and minimum values during the post- monsoon and monsoon seasons, respectively, which agrees with the possible range of values as given by [27] for various types of aerosol particles and previous result for the Lumbini region Aerosols can absorb and scatter solar 1 http://nepjol.info/index.php/BIBECHANA jsregmi28@gmail.com https://doi.org/10.3126/bibechana.v20i1.48825 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ Santosh Sapkota et al./ BIBECHANA 20 (2023) 1-9 2 energy, which has an impact on cloud formation by changing the microphysics and lifetime of the clouds [1].
    keywords: aerosol; aod; lumbini; monsoon; scattering; ssa; value; water
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        item: #233 of 374
          id: bibechana-4883
      author: Shah, Sujit Kumar; Niraula, Tulsi Prasad; Bhattarai, Ajaya; Chattarjee, Sujit Kumar
       title: A comparative study of Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC) and Free Energy of Micellization of cationic surfactant and anionic surfactant in different composition of methanol-water mixed solvent media by conductometric method at 308.15 K
        date: 2012
       words: 2757
      flesch: 55
     summary: Fig. 1: Variation of specific conductance with molar concentration of Sodiumdodecyl Sulphate (SDS) in methanol water mixed solvent media containing 0.1 volume fraction of methanol at 308.15 K 0 1 2 3 0 0.02 0.04 0.06 [ S D S ] / 3: Variation of specific conductance with molar concentration of Sodiumdodecyl Sulphate (SDS) in methanol water mixed solvent media containing 0.3 volume fraction of methanol at 308.15 K. 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
    keywords: bromide; methanol; sodiumdodecyl; solvent; sulphate; volume; water
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        item: #234 of 374
          id: bibechana-4897
      author: Haji-Ali, E
       title: Photo and electroluminescence of porous silicon layers
        date: 2012
       words: 3442
      flesch: 59
     summary: In this article, we report: (1) By shining intense light on the sample during the PSi preparation process, it is possible to form PSi layer on n-type silicon substrates as well; (2) Features of an efficient electrochemical cell for preparation of PSi samples, which is simple to make, but has various useful capabilities; (3) Obtaining PL and EL emissions ranging from dark red to light blue from PSi samples is possible by just changing the preparation parameters during PSi formation process (with no need for post-deposition heat-treatment of samples in boiling water). Table (1) gives the color of the PL emission of the prepared PSi samples under UV illumination. Table (1): Color of PL emission of PSi samples (under UV illumination) prepared on p-type Si and under different anodization times.
    keywords: cell; current; emission; light; process; psi; samples; type
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        item: #235 of 374
          id: bibechana-4923
      author: Joshi, Bhawani Datt; Tandon, Poonam; Jain, Sudha
       title: Molecular characterization of yohimbine hydrochloride using vibrational spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations
        date: 2012
       words: 3259
      flesch: 59
     summary: [10] G. Fini, J. Raman spectroscopy. As the literature survey reveals neither Raman and IR spectra nor quantum chemical calculations for YHCl molecule have been reported so far, hence the present work was undertaken to study the vibrational spectra with quantum chemical calculation with greater accuracy.
    keywords: cm-1; dft; molecule; potential; raman; stretching; structure; vibrational; yhcl
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        item: #236 of 374
          id: bibechana-49392
      author: Bhattarai, Surakshya; Paudel, Madhu Sudan; Yadav, Shiv Narayan; Jha, Ajay Kumar
       title: Properties of dust in the North - East part of Perseus Cloud within the open cluster IC 348 using data from IRIS and AKARI
        date: 2023
       words: 6320
      flesch: 69
     summary: The infrared fluxes extracted using Aladin v11.0 are used to study the dust temperature and dust mass. The study background sources observed from the SIMBAD database explore the large number of stars, X-ray sources, YSOs, etc., embedded within the dust structure; some of them are responsible for dust heating and some for the contribution of dust mass.
    keywords: akari; akari data; data; dust; dust mass; flux; infrared; iris; mass; region; structure; temperature
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        item: #237 of 374
          id: bibechana-5013
      author: Alok, Ujjwal; Kumar, Manoj; Singh, BK; Kumar, Praveen
       title: Acoustoelectric effect in semiconductor superlattice
        date: 2012
       words: 1831
      flesch: 72
     summary: Acoustoelectric effect is the transfer of momentum from acoustic waves to the conduction electrons as a result of which may give rise to a current usually called the acoustoelectric current J or in the case of an open circuit, a constant electric field E. Introduction The Propagation of acoustic wave through a semiconductor has been discussed from many angles.
    keywords: acoustoelectric; current; effect; field
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        item: #238 of 374
          id: bibechana-51788
      author: Ghimire, Rishi Ram; Dahal, Yam Prasad; Rai, Krishna Bahadur
       title: Fabrication of UV sensing transistor based on transparent polycrystalline zinc oxide thin film using polymeric electrolyte gate dielectric
        date: 2023
       words: 3753
      flesch: 62
     summary: Figure 1: The flow chart of the procedure for preparing ZnO thin films. 6 shows Tauc plot from UV-Vis analysis of ZnO thin film to evaluate the band-gap after taken the absorption spectra of the film.
    keywords: channel; current; dark; effect; film; gate; illumination; thin; voltage; zno
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        item: #239 of 374
          id: bibechana-51793
      author: Kandel, Krishna Prasad; Aryal, Girja Mani; KC, Shishir Acharya; Joshi, Mahesh Kumar; Dahal, Bipeen; Neupane, Bhanu Bhakta
       title: A systematic study on material properties of water retted Sterculia and Bauhinia fiber
        date: 2023
       words: 4370
      flesch: 61
     summary: 2.2.3 Mechanical strength of fiber Water retted fiber samples were preconditioned for 24 hours at 23±1 0C and 65 % relative humid- ity 7–10 mg of fiber sample was heated in an alumina crucible in nitrogen atmosphere (flow rate 80 mL/min) at the rate of 10 oC/minute.
    keywords: bauhinia; cellulose; change; content; data; days; fiber; figure; properties; retting; samples; sterculia; strength; water
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        item: #240 of 374
          id: bibechana-52006
      author: Hyaunmikha, Ayusha; Subba, Bimala
       title: Analysis of phytochemicals and biological activities of rhizome of Curcuma longa, aerial parts of Centella asiatica, and corn silk of Zea mays
        date: 2023
       words: 4987
      flesch: 56
     summary: Acarbose C. longa C. asiatica Z. mays (mg/mL) (rhizome)(in %) ( aerial part) inhibition ( corn silk) 1000 91.23 ± 0.31 80.62 ± 1.04 71.47 ± 0.55 64.94 ±0.26 640 85.69 ± 0.23 69.39 ± 0.02 63.12 ± 0.16 57.55 ± 0.21 320 76.89 ± 0.34 64.74 ± 1.35 50.3 ± 0.45 42.67 ± 0.09 160 69.43 ± 0.65 53.41 ± 0.50 36.63 ± 1.03 36 ± 0.25 80 63.69 ± 0.54 31.11 ± 0.84 23.30 ± 0.53 25.82 ± 0.40 40 56.60 ± 0.31 23.75 ± 0.50 19.49 ± 1.20 17.94 ± 0.16 (Each value is a mean of triplicate data) Ayusha Hyaunmikha and Bimala Subba/ BIBECHANA 20 (2023) 103-112 111 Figure 10: The ethanolic extract of C. asiatica stem extract showed greater free radical scavenging than leaves extract [19].
    keywords: activity; asiatica; c. longa; corn; extract; longa; mays; methanolic; silk
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        item: #241 of 374
          id: bibechana-53233
      author: Neupane, Rajendra; Dhital, Niraj
       title: Analysis and characterization of X-ray flare of Mkn 421 using XMM-Newton observation 0658801301
        date: 2023
       words: 5967
      flesch: 67
     summary: The highest peak in the light and spectrum curve indicated the presence of high energy X-ray flares. The study of the variabil- ity of X-ray sources can provide important infor- mation about the physical conditions in the source and help to distinguish between different models or theories [30].
    keywords: analysis; count; curve; data; energy; flares; light; model; rate; ray; source; spectrum; variability
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        item: #242 of 374
          id: bibechana-53432
      author: Gnawali, Chhabi Lal; Shahi, Sabina; Manandhar, Sarita; Shrestha, Ganesh Kumar; Adhikari, Mandira Pradhannanga; Rajbhandari, Rinita; Pokharel, Bhadra P.
       title: Porous activated carbon materials from Triphala seed stones for high-performance supercapacitor applications
        date: 2023
       words: 5034
      flesch: 49
     summary: 4 Conclusion In conclusion, we have successfully synthesized nanoporous activated carbon materials from novel material, Triphala (Terminalia chebula, Termina- lia bellirica, and Phyllanthus emblica) by chemi- cal activation with zinc chloride (ZnCl2) at dif- ferent carbonization temperatures (400, 500, 600 and 700 0C). Z400 1137.7 1087.2 50.5 0.6 0.54 0.06 0.286 3.66 MxC- Z500 1233.3 1195.1 38.2 0.626 0.574 0.052 0.286 3.66 MxC- Z600 1143.8 1082.7 61.1 0.617 0.537 0.08 0.286 3.66 MxC- Z700 878.7 836.9 41.8 0.439 0.384 0.055 0.286 3.67 Chhabi Lal Gnawali et al./ BIBECHANA 20 (2023) 10-20 14 Figure 2: (a)Nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms of the carbon samples, (b) pore size distributions calculated using the DFT method and (c) pore size distributions calculated from the BJH method The degree of graphitization of carbon materials is estimated by the help of ratio of the intensities of the G and D bands (IG/ID).
    keywords: area; carbon; electrode; energy; figure; materials; mxc; nitrogen; performance; seed; shrestha; surface; triphala
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        item: #243 of 374
          id: bibechana-53457
      author: Kour, Jagjit; Bhatt, Pratima; Basnet, Shobha
       title: Overall migration of microplastics in mineral water and non-alcoholic beverages
        date: 2023
       words: 3755
      flesch: 61
     summary: Though plastic packaging is abundant, consumers from developing nation are not aware of the risk associated with plastic food packaging. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate occurrence of microplastics in plastic food packaging and highlight the risks involved in consumption of microplastics.
    keywords: beverages; bottles; food; microplastics; migration; mineral; packaging; plastic; simulant; water
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        item: #244 of 374
          id: bibechana-53458
      author: Homagai, Puspa Lal; Bardewa, Miksha; Subedee, Anup; Oli, Hari Bhakta; Shrestha, Ram Lal; Bhattarai, Deval Prasad
       title: Biosorption of Hexavalent Chromium (Cr(VI)) from contaminated water using charred tea waste 
        date: 2023
       words: 4447
      flesch: 58
     summary: The absorbance of metal ion solution before and after adsorption was determined by using double beam UV-Visible spectrophotometer. 10.1038/178587a0 [3] J. Gardea-Torresdey et al.
    keywords: adsorbent; adsorption; chromium; cr(vi; ctw; ions; removal; solution; tea; waste; water
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        item: #245 of 374
          id: bibechana-53724
      author: Giri, Jyoti; Adhikari, Rameshwar
       title: A brief review on preparation and application of MWCNT-based polymer nanocomposites
        date: 2023
       words: 5255
      flesch: 52
     summary: Therefore numerous researches are in the process throughout the world to achieve optimum best conducting polymer composites for different advance applications. Effects of nano- materials on polymer composites-an expatiate view.
    keywords: carbon; composites; conducting; filler; materials; matrix; mwcnt; nanocomposites; nanotubes; pbat; polymer; properties; surface
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        item: #246 of 374
          id: bibechana-53776
      author: Yadav, Shashit Kumar; Mehta, Upendra; Koirala, Ram Prasad; Gohivar, Ramesh Kumar
       title: Mixing properties of liquid Al-Au alloys
        date: 2023
       words: 3057
      flesch: 63
     summary: The system shows transformation from segregating to ordering in nature with increase in concentration of Au. Keywords R-K polynomial, Al–Au alloys, Thermodynamic, Structural and Surface properties. Au xb Au ) (8) where σAl and σAu are surface tension of pure com- ponents , and Gxs Al and Gxs Au are the partial excess free energy of component in the surface phase and bulk phase respectively, and xs Al, x s Au and xb Al, x b Au are the surface and bulk concentrations of Al and Au respectively.
    keywords: alloy; energy; liquid; properties; surface; system
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        item: #247 of 374
          id: bibechana-53971
      author: Pariyar, Shankar; Kafle, Jeevan
       title: Caputo-Fabrizio approach to numerical fractional derivatives
        date: 2023
       words: 5275
      flesch: 65
     summary: Keywords Caputo fractional derivatives, Numerical solution, Lagrange interpolation, L1 formula, L1-2 formula. ≈ n−1∑ k=0 wkf(xn−k) (9) Such that where wk is the normalizing factor and k has a range of values between −1 and n. It is gen- erally acknowledged that the L2 approach for Ca- puto Fractional Derivative is the preferred method for approximating fractional Caputo derivatives of functions.
    keywords: caputo; derivative; fabrizio; formula; fractional; function; method; numerical
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        item: #248 of 374
          id: bibechana-54115
      author: Parajuli, D.; Dangi, Sandip; Sharma, Bhumi Raj; Shah, Nunu Lal; KC, Devendra
       title: Sol-gel synthesis, characterization of ZnO thin films on different substrates, and bandgap calculation by the Tauc plot method
        date: 2023
       words: 5532
      flesch: 65
     summary: This result can be applied in develop- ing and optimizing zinc oxide thin films for various D. Parajuli et al./ BIBECHANA 20 (2023) 113-125 123 purposes, such as in solar cells, sensors, and opto- electronics. Structural, optical and electrical properties of zinc oxide thin films deposited by a spray pyrolysis technique.
    keywords: bandgap; energy; figure; film; glass; oxide; parajuli; slide; thin; wavelength; zinc; zinc oxide; zno
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        item: #249 of 374
          id: bibechana-54503
      author: Adhikari, Pitri Bhakta; Khanal, Nabraj
       title: Seasonal variations of disasters in Nepal
        date: 2024
       words: 4324
      flesch: 62
     summary: Different disasters occur frequently in different seasons and have a significant effect on humans, and animals, and result in huge property loss. Keywords Different disasters; seasonal variations; effects of disaster; awareness program.
    keywords: deaths; disasters; incidents; loss; nepal; number
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        item: #250 of 374
          id: bibechana-54887
      author: Chaudhary, Pratiksha; Panth, Nabin; Raut, Bimal Kumar; Pokhrel, Nisma; Shrestha, Nita; Shakya, Sajan; Thapa, Bijaya; Mishra, Akkal Dev; Parajuli, Niranjan
       title: Biochemical, Antimicrobial, and Antioxidant activities of some wild Mushrooms from Nepal
        date: 2023
       words: 8074
      flesch: 53
     summary: Since, phenolic compounds in mush- rooms, which include free hydrogen, contribute to the antioxidant capacity of mushroom extracts, many species of wild mushrooms demonstrated an- tioxidant activity [49]. The variation in the outcomes of an- timicrobial activity could be attributed to several variables, such as the environmental and climatic conditions in which the mushroom was grown, the choice of mushroom extracts, the choice of extrac- tion techniques, the antimicrobial test method, and the test microorganisms.
    keywords: activity; antioxidant; brine; citrinum; content; extracts; journal; mushrooms; phenolic; properties; punctatipes; sanguinea; shrimp; species; total
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        item: #251 of 374
          id: bibechana-55037
      author: Uddin, Md. Shazib; Khan, Md. Imran; Shafiq, Sadman Bin; Sadik, Shahriar; Rana, Md. Sohel; Bhuiya, Khaled Mohammad Shifullah; Udoy, Sabbir Ahmed; Rafi, Md. Khalid Hasan
       title: Structural Analysis and material selection for biocompatible cantilever beam in soft robotic nanomanipulator
        date: 2023
       words: 2973
      flesch: 50
     summary: The analysis in- volves varying the applied force (0.001 µN to 0.004 µN), beam length (80 µm, 120 µm, and 160 µm), and beam thickness (0.4 µm, 0.6 µm, and 0.8 µm). Abstract This paper investigates the selection of appropriate materials for cantilever beams in sur- gical robotic nanomanipulators.
    keywords: beam; cantilever; deflection; materials; pur; robotic
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        item: #252 of 374
          id: bibechana-55476
      author: Khadka, Chandra Bahadur
       title: An accurate theoretical formula for linear momentum, force and kinetic energy 
        date: 2023
       words: 4559
      flesch: 65
     summary: In the section 2, dynamical variables such linear momentum, force, kinetic en- ergy and de Broglie wavelength are expressed in terms of relativistic energy. Eo 2 dE dt (10) This result shows the expression of force in term of relativistic energy of system.
    keywords: energy; equation; mass; momentum
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        item: #253 of 374
          id: bibechana-55552
      author: Jani, Mayank H.; Vora, Aditya M.
       title: Theoretical investigation on the structural and vibrational properties of some alkali liquid metals: A pseudopotential approach
        date: 2023
       words: 6129
      flesch: 68
     summary: Keywords Pseudopotential; Liquid metals, PYHS structure factor, OCP structure factor, phonon dispersion, structural properties, vibrational properties. Neutron scat- tering research has supplied some basic excitation in liquid metals.
    keywords: factor; function; liquid; metals; ocp; phonon; properties; pyhs; structure
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        item: #254 of 374
          id: bibechana-55865
      author: B.K., Bijaya; Adhikari, Achyut; Gyawali, Gobinda
       title: In-vitro Dissolution Study of Gallstone with Medicinal Plant Extracts
        date: 2023
       words: 4954
      flesch: 58
     summary: Therefore, it can be inferred that the medicine ex- tracts were less effective than most of the plant extracts in dissolving gallstones. This fact could explain lesser efficacy of these com- mercial ayurvedic medicines over plant extracts in dissolving gallstones.
    keywords: ccgs; dissolution; edta; etoh; extracts; gallstones; pgs; plant; samples; study
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        item: #255 of 374
          id: bibechana-56226
      author: Subba, Bimala; Subedi, Namrata; Parajuli, Sanju
       title: Analysis of phytochemical, antioxidant, and α-amylase inhibition capacity of methanol extract of six plants from Kaski, Gulmi and Rupandehi districts of Nepal
        date: 2023
       words: 5187
      flesch: 55
     summary: Plant extracts were prepared in methanol through cold percolation. DPPH scavenging (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay is a popular method for screening in-vitro antioxidant of plant extract.
    keywords: activity; amylase; antioxidant; articulatum; deltoidea; extract; plant; total; trichotomum
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        item: #256 of 374
          id: bibechana-56526
      author: Dhungana, Kamal Prasad; Mishra, Akkal Dev; Adhikari, Kalpana Gautam
       title: Chemical and microbial evaluation of water of Rupa lake
        date: 2023
       words: 2862
      flesch: 56
     summary: Transparency of lake water was noted 91cm and electrical conductivity 41 µs/cm indicat- ing the presence of suspended particulate at moderately higher concentration. This study will help in creating public awareness to safeguard lake water, conserve the lake area and maintain local ecosystem.
    keywords: concentration; lake; mg\l; nepal; quality; rupa; total; water
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        item: #257 of 374
          id: bibechana-5691
      author: None
       title: bibechana-5691
        date: None
       words: 258
      flesch: 8
     summary: Dept. of Physics, T.M. Bhagalpur University, Bhagalpur, India Dr. R. Novakovic, National Research Council, Institute of Energetics and Interphases, Via De Marini, 6-16149-Genoa, Italy Dr. B.C. Paul, Department of Physics, University of North Bengal, India Prof. L.N. Jha, Central Department of Physics, Tribhuvan University, Nepal Prof. Badiadka Narayana, Department of Studies in Chemistry, Mangalore University, India Dr. Bhausaheb K. Karale, P.G. & Research, Department of Chemistry, S. S. G. M. College, Kopargaon, Dist-Ahmednagar, India Dr. Ghanashyam Bez, Dept of Chemistry, North Easternn Hill University Shillong-793022, India Prof. Bijan Das, Department of Chemistry, North Bengal University India Prof. Ramazan Sever, Middle East Technical University , Physics Department, Turkey Prof. Pradeep Raj Pradhan, Post-Graduate Department of Physics, M.M.A.M. Campus (Tribhuvan University), Nepal Prof. Man Singh, School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Gujarat Gujarat, India Dr. Yaseen Iqbal, CEng, MInstP, MSGT Foreign Professor Materials Research Laboratory Institute of Physics & Electronics University of Peshawar, Khyber Pukhtunkhwa, Pakistan Dr. Kambiz Shahroudi, Department of Industrial Management, Islamic Azad University- Rasht Branch,Rasht, Iran Dr. Archana Gupta, Department of Engineering and Technology, M.J.P. Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, India Dr. I.S. Jha, , Post-Graduate Department of Physics, M.M.A.M. Campus (Tribhuvan University), Nepal Prof. Mohan Siwakoti, Central Department of Botany, Tribhuvan University, Nepal A. Prof. Md. Haider Ali Biswas, Mathematics Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh
    keywords: department; university
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        item: #258 of 374
          id: bibechana-5692
      author: Singh, BP; Adhikari, D; Jha, IS; Kumar, BC; Chaudhary, SK; Jayaswal, SK; Koirala, RP
       title: Thermodynamic and structural properties of Mg-Tl liquid alloy
        date: 2012
       words: 3198
      flesch: 67
     summary: Keywords: Mg-Tl alloy; microscopic structure; pairwise interaction energy; chemical short range order 1. Introduction Physics and chemistry of liquid alloys, in which the atomic arrangement is not spatially periodic in contrast to the case of crystalline materials, is well-recognized as important and promising area for research. At a given composition, if Scc(0) < )0(Sid CC , ordering in liquid alloy is expected and if Scc(0) > )0(Sid CC , there is tendency of segregation.
    keywords: apb; concentration
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        item: #259 of 374
          id: bibechana-5693
      author: None
       title: bibechana-5693
        date: None
       words: 1353
      flesch: 67
     summary: c 1 c − = + − − + −β − −β +ω −β (1) where Cd Bi ( ) 1 0.385 ( ) Ω β = − = Ω The standard thermodynamic relation for activity of Cd in binary liquid is given by M Cd M G RT ln a G (1 c) c ∂ = + − ∂ (2) It is clear from the graph that theoretical values of Cd ln a are in a good agreement with experimental values.
    keywords: liquid
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        item: #260 of 374
          id: bibechana-5694
      author: Subba, Bharat Raj; Meheta, Satya Narayan
       title: Ovarian Histomorphology and Gonadial Cycle of Freshwater Garfish Xenentodon cancila (Hemilton-Buchanan) (Beloniformes:Belonidae)
        date: 2012
       words: 3942
      flesch: 67
     summary: showing stage lV x 50. 40 b. General observation of T.S. ovary of X.cancila showing stage 11 and IV,ooc l x 100.
    keywords: nucleus; oocyte; oogonia; ovaries; ovary; phase; stage; yolk
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        item: #261 of 374
          id: bibechana-5697
      author: Chhetry, Damodar Thapa; Pal, Joydeb
       title: Physico-chemical parameters of Seepage stream at Kushaha area
        date: 2012
       words: 5162
      flesch: 65
     summary: Water temperature was maximum in summer and lowest in winter season. Air temperature, water temperature, free carbondioxide, biological oxygen demand showed positive and significant correlation with each other.
    keywords: maximum; oxygen; period; season; study period; table; temperature; total; water; year; year study
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        item: #262 of 374
          id: bibechana-5699
      author: Paudyal, Harihar; Roy, PNS
       title: Fractal Approach: Quantification of Seismicity in South Central Tibet
        date: 2012
       words: 3763
      flesch: 65
     summary: Harihar Paudyal and P.N.S. Roy / BIBECHANA 8 (2012) 116-126 : BMHSS, p.117 The spatial fractal correlation-dimensions (Dc) provide a quantitative measure of clustering of seismic events in space indicating the seismicity of a region. In the present paper, we use the fractal approach to study the seismic hazard of SCT region bounded by 29 o -31 o N, 85 o -90 o E to the north of Central Himalaya.
    keywords: clustering; correlation; events; fractal; p.n.s; paudyal; region; roy; sct
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        item: #263 of 374
          id: bibechana-5701
      author: Mandal, TN; Gautam, TP
       title: Chemical analysis of fodder tree leaves found in Sunsari district, Nepal
        date: 2012
       words: 3822
      flesch: 63
     summary: Panday, Importance of fodder trees and tree fodder in Nepal, M. Sc. thesis, Institute of Plant Production, Federal Tech. Keywords: Tree fodders; Farmers’ assessment; Proximate analysis; Nutrient contents 1.
    keywords: chemical; content; extract; ficus; fodder; leaves; matter; terminalia; trees
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        item: #264 of 374
          id: bibechana-57153
      author: Sapkota, Santosh; Gautam, Sabin; Gautam, Aayush; Ale, Bhairab
       title: The Correlative study of Aerosol Optical Depth with Precipitable water over five AERONET station across the world
        date: 2023
       words: 3433
      flesch: 53
     summary: The rain- fall likely suppressed the smoke emissions due to the high level of moisture in the air, but it also promoted the growth of vegetation, leading to an increase in smoke emissions during the subsequent dry seasons which lead to higher AOD. Canberra and UNC Gaitan had higher AOD values primarily due to biomass burning, household activities and dust.
    keywords: aerosol; aod; beijing; canberra; college; correlation; precipitable; water; wavelengths
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        item: #265 of 374
          id: bibechana-57470
      author: Neupane, Hari; Khatri, Prakash; Devkota, Arun; Adhikari, Narayan Prasad
       title: Electronic and magnetic performance of MoS2 monolayer via Tc & Nb impurities defect and water adsorption
        date: 2023
       words: 7772
      flesch: 61
     summary: The significant values of magnetic moment are given in materials due to the presence of unpaired spin state in the 4d orbitals of Mo atoms, 3p orbital of S atoms, and 4d orbitals of Tc Nb atoms. 3.1 Structural Analysis In this section, we have discussed the structural properties of pristine MoS2, Nb & Tc impurities defected MoS2, and water adsorbed on impurities defected MoS2 materials.
    keywords: /cell; atoms; band; energy; materials; mos2; properties; spin; states; structure; water
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        item: #266 of 374
          id: bibechana-57711
      author: Bhattarai, Keshab; Dhakal, Devendra; Pandey, Indira; Subba, Bimala; Sharma, Khaga Raj
       title: Phytochemistry, Biological Activities, and Chemical Profiling of Berberis asiatica
        date: 2023
       words: 7458
      flesch: 49
     summary: The TPC was calculated using a stan- dard curve and expressed as milligrams of gallic acid equivalent (mg GAE) per gram of plant extract. The methano- lic extract of B. asiatica exhibited noteworthy rad- ical scavenging activity, with an IC50 value of 205.7 ± 5.353 g/mL. This result was compared to the IC50 value of the standard quercetin, which was found to be 6.29 ± 1.02 g/mL. Table 1: Physical characteristics and percentage yield of plant extract.
    keywords: activity; antioxidant; asiatica; berberis; berberis asiatica; chemical; compounds; concentration; content; extract; inhibition; methanolic; plant; study; total
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        item: #267 of 374
          id: bibechana-57732
      author: Sharma, Bhupendra; Chaudhary, Laxman; Adhikari, Rajendra; Ghimire, Madhav Prasad
       title: Machine learning driven prediction of lattice constants in transition metal dichalcogenides
        date: 2023
       words: 3912
      flesch: 53
     summary: The data cleaning steps are: • Data Sampling • Processing of abnormal value • Discretization of data • Data Normalization Data sampling allows us to create prediction model of high performance with less data. We specifically de- sign ML models to generate predictions based on the correlations of the database through statistical and probabilistic methods [2].
    keywords: constants; data; lattice; learning; machine; materials; model; prediction; regression; system
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        item: #268 of 374
          id: bibechana-57736
      author: Bashyal, Pujan; Adhikari, Mandira; Adhikari, Nanda Bikram
       title: Time and Space Domain Prediction of Water Quality Parameters of Bagmati River Using Deep Learning Methods
        date: 2023
       words: 5217
      flesch: 52
     summary: Ad- ditionally, machine learning models like long short- term memory (LSTM) networks and deep neural networks (DNN) have shown promise in effectively analyzing and predicting water quality data . The aim of this study was to predict water quality parameters of the Bagmati River using machine learning time series models, specifically ARIMA and LSTM.
    keywords: arima; bagmati; data; learning; lstm; model; parameters; prediction; quality; river; time; water; water quality
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        item: #269 of 374
          id: bibechana-57882
      author: Shrestha, Arun Kumar; Nepal, Roshan; Shrestha, Kamala; Regmi, Dijan; Shrestha, Ganesh Kumar; Shah, Buddha Ram; Koirala, Ram Prasad
       title: Measurement of background radiation in Jhapa, Ilam, Panchthar, and Taplejung districts of Nepal
        date: 2023
       words: 2272
      flesch: 63
     summary: Journal homepage: http://nepjol.info/index.php/BIBECHANA Publisher:Dept. of Phys., Mahendra Morang A. M. Campus (Tribhuvan University)Biratnagar Measurement of background radiation in Jhapa, Ilam, Panchthar, and Taplejung districts of Nepal Arun Kumar Shrestha1,2, Roshan Nepal1, Kamala Shrestha1 Dijan Regmi1, Ganesh Kumar Shrestha3, Buddha Ram Shah4, Ram Prasad Koirala5,∗ 1Damak Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Jhapa, Nepal 2Central Department of Physics, Tribhuvan University, Nepal 3Pulchowk Engineering Campus, Tribhuvan University, Nepal 4Nepal Academy of Science and Technology, Lalitpur, Nepal 5Mahendra Morang Adarsh Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Biratnagar, Nepal ∗Corresponding author. In this study, we investigated the levels of background radiation in different locations across the Eastern part of Koshi province, specifically in Taplejung, Panchthar, Ilam, and Jhapa.
    keywords: altitude; background; district; dose; nepal; radiation
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        item: #270 of 374
          id: bibechana-58041
      author: Joshi, Prakash; Lawaju, Umesh; K.C., Anupam; Nakarmi, Mim; Pradhan, Ramani
       title: Characterization of carbon derived from candle by flame-soot method for counter electrodes of dye-sensitized solar cells
        date: 2023
       words: 4112
      flesch: 59
     summary: Figure 1: Preparation of carbon soot (a) experimental setup and (b) sample of candle soot. Moreover, the comparable value of Rct of the can- dle soot and platinum based cells indicate that the catalytic ability of candle soot based electrode for the reduction of tri-iodide ions was also comparable to that of the platinum based electrode.
    keywords: candle; carbon; cells; counter; dye; electrodes; iodide; ions; platinum; soot
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        item: #271 of 374
          id: bibechana-58311
      author: Joshi, Prem Raj; Pant, Prakash Raj; Bist, Anup; Pant, Gunananda; Pant , Bishweshwar; Saud, Prem Singh
       title: Assessment of the antibacterial activity of lemongrass-extracted essential oil 
        date: 2023
       words: 3905
      flesch: 45
     summary: Keywords Lemongrass, Essential oil, Extraction of essential oil, Anti-bacterial activity. Furthermore, this study demonstrates the sensitivity of gram-positive bacteria to lemongrass essential oils.
    keywords: activity; aureus; bacteria; cymbopogon; essential; leaves; lemongrass; oil
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        item: #272 of 374
          id: bibechana-58405
      author: Khatri, Prakash; Adhikari, Narayan Prasad
       title: Lattice thermal conductivity in half-Heusler compounds XNiSn (X=Ti, Zr, Hf) using Slack's model
        date: 2024
       words: 5937
      flesch: 60
     summary: 390.00 1.53 37.40 HfNiSn Slopes 4900.15 2815.22 3126.77 348.65 1.51 29.85 thermo_pw 4674.76 2752.94 3049.43 339.99 1.43 31.59 Ref.[3] 4191.00 2503.00 2770.00 311.00 1.38 31.40 Figure 5: Variation of lattice thermal conductivity of XNiSn compounds with temperature using Slack’s model with velocity determined from phonon bands by DFPT and QHA model in thermo_pw suite. Email: narayan.adhikari@cdp.tu.edu.np Abstract Reducing lattice thermal conductivity (κl) that reflects the material’s heat-carrying capacity through lattice phonon vibrations is crucial for optimizing the figure of merit (zT).
    keywords: compounds; conductivity; hfnisn; lattice; materials; model; phonon; temperature; tinisn; values; wm−1k−1; xnisn; zrnisn
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        item: #273 of 374
          id: bibechana-58411
      author: Parajuli, D.; Murali, N.; Samatha, K.
       title: Cr3+ substitution effect on Co-Cu and Cu-Co nano ferrites on structural and morphological properties
        date: 2023
       words: 4748
      flesch: 63
     summary: Their structural, DC electrical resistivity and magnetic properties were analyzed. Effect on structural, dc electrical resistivity, and magnetic properties by the substitution of zn2+ on co-cu nano ferrite.
    keywords: cr3; ferrites; ions; magnetic; parajuli; properties
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        item: #274 of 374
          id: bibechana-58552
      author: Thapa, Ishwor; Baral, Nirmal Prasad; Adhikari, Krishna Raj
       title: Comprehensive review of LCA studies in Civil Engineering
        date: 2023
       words: 7512
      flesch: 46
     summary: Journal homepage: http://nepjol.info/index.php/BIBECHANA Publisher:Dept. of Phys., Mahendra Morang A. M. Campus (Tribhuvan University)Biratnagar Comprehensive review of LCA studies in Civil Engineering Ishwor Thapa1, Nirmal Prasad Baral2, Krishna Raj Adhikari3,∗ 1Department of Civil Engineering, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India 2Department of Civil Engineering, IOE Pashchimanchal Campus, Pokhara, Nepal 3IOE Pashchimanchal Campus, Pokhara, Nepal ∗Corresponding author. Accessible databases are essential; their absence restricts LCA studies to experts us- ing licensed software, limiting its broad adoption.
    keywords: aggregate; analysis; assessment; building; concrete; construction; cycle; cycle assessment; engineering; impact; journal; lca; life; life cycle; materials; research; studies; waste
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        item: #275 of 374
          id: bibechana-58594
      author: Aryal, Ram; Bhattarai, Binod; Pokhrel, Bhadra
       title: Effects of calcination and sintering processes on structural profile parameters of modified BNKT-based ferroelectric ceramics
        date: 2023
       words: 5753
      flesch: 62
     summary: Secondly, because of the volatile nature of Bi and Na at high sintering temperatures, non- stoichiometric structural defects resulted in the for- mation of a pyrochlore structure The analysis of X-ray diffraction peak profiles is a ro- bust technique for characterizing the microstruc- tural attributes of ultrafine-grained materials.
    keywords: 10−3; ceramics; crystallite; density; dislocation; lattice; lead; materials; method; properties; samples; size; strain; temperature
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        item: #276 of 374
          id: bibechana-58632
      author: Shahi, Deergh Bahadur; Bhattarai, Dipak; Ghimire, Madhav Prasad
       title: Exploring topological phase transition in Pt2Hg1−xTlxSe3
        date: 2023
       words: 3605
      flesch: 53
     summary: In materials belonging to topological materials, topological phase transition (TPT) can be achieved by chemical functionalization, applying magnetic and electric field, pressure and doping, etc. It is interest- ing to note that the intersection are odd numbers (say one crossing for Pt2Hge3 and three crossings for Pt2HgSe3 which confirms that the two jacutin- gaite are topological materials.
    keywords: band; doping; jacutingaite; material; phase; pt2hgse3; quantum; transition
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        item: #277 of 374
          id: bibechana-58684
      author: Limbu, Susmita; Ojha, Tulsi; Ghimire, Rishi Ram; Rai, Krishna Bahadur
       title: An investigation of vibrational analysis, thermodynamics properties and electronic properties of Formaldehyde and its stretch by substituent acetone, acetyl chloride and methyl acetate using first principles analysis
        date: 2024
       words: 6662
      flesch: 54
     summary: Property Energy (eV) values of different molecules Formaldehyde Acetone Acetyl Chloride Methyl Acetate Global Hardness (η) 2.972165 3.140605 2.806855 0.274002 Chemical potential (µ) -2.972165 Figures 10(a), (b), (c) and (d) show the three-dimensional plot of the HOMO–LUMO of Formaldehyde, Ace- tone, Acetyl Chloride and Methyl Acetate molecules using the DFT with B3LYP/6-311+G(d ′ ,p ′ ) basis set.
    keywords: acetate; acetone; acetyl; chemical; chloride; energy; figure; formaldehyde; homo; lumo; methyl; molecule; potential; vibrational
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        item: #278 of 374
          id: bibechana-58815
      author: Paudel, M.S.; Kushuwala, H.K.; Bhattarai, S.
       title: Comparative study of the dust color temperature and dust mass within the isolated dust in W51 giant molecular cloud in IRIS and AKARI data
        date: 2024
       words: 8173
      flesch: 74
     summary: 4.5 Contour Map The visualization of the infrared flux at two wave- lengths, dust color temperature, and dust mass is presented in Fig. 4.6 Flux-Temperature-Mass Relation The color map with contour is quite effective to understand the spatial distribution of the infrared flux, dust color temperature and dust mass.
    keywords: akari; cloud; color; data; dust; flux; infrared; iris; mass; region; temperature
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        item: #279 of 374
          id: bibechana-59896
      author: Yadav, Shashit Kumar
       title: Thermodynamic, structural and surface properties of rare earth metallic alloys: Au-La liquid system
        date: 2023
       words: 5691
      flesch: 62
     summary: Table 1: Interaction energy parameters for ∆Gxs M of Au–La liquid alloy Parameters [J/mol] Reference L0 = −254446.24 + 6.00025 ∗ T L1 = −85046.07 + 2.89377 ∗ T [6] ∆ω = −264279.94476 + 8.97912 ∗ dT ∆ωAB = −3042.03606 + 0.083140 ∗ dT This work ∆ωAA = −345964.24650 + 1.66280 ∗ dT The determined values of model parameters ∆ω, ∆ωAB and ∆ωAA were found to have negative val- ues (Table 1). [6] This work Ideal Figure 7: Computed values of SCC(0) and α1 of Au–La liquid alloy at 1473 K. At a temperature and concentration, if SCC(0)<Sid CC(0), α1 < 0 and DM/Did > 1, then complex formation tendency or hetero-coordinating tendency in the alloy is expected.
    keywords: alloy; liquid; surface; temperature; values; ∆gxs
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        item: #280 of 374
          id: bibechana-60018
      author: Parajuli, Sandhya; Nepal, Pujan; Awasthi, Ganesh Prasad; Oli, Hari Bhakta; Shrestha, Ram Lal Swagat; Homagai, Puspa Lal; Bhattarai, Deval Prasad
       title: Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial study of silver nanoparticles using methanolic fraction of Artemisia vulgaris leaf 
        date: 2024
       words: 5593
      flesch: 48
     summary: Journal homepage: http://nepjol.info/index.php/BIBECHANA Publisher:Dept. of Phys., Mahendra Morang A. M. Campus (Tribhuvan University)Biratnagar Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial study of silver nanoparticles using methanolic fraction of Artemisia vulgaris leaf Sandhya Parajuli1, Pujan Nepal1, Ganesh Prasad Awasthi2, Hari Bhakta Oli1, Ram Lal (Swagat) Shrestha1,∗∗, Puspa Lal Homagai1,∗∗∗, Deval Prasad Bhattarai1,∗ 1Department of Chemistry, Amrit Campus, Tribhuvan University 44613, Kathmandu, Nepal 2Division of Convergence Technology Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, 54896, Republic of Korea ∗Corresponding author. This work aimed at the synthesis of a cost-effective, ecofriendly, and a facile approach of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using methanolic leaf ex- tract of Artemisia vulgaris.
    keywords: activity; agnps; artemisia; extract; green; nanoparticles; silver; synthesis; test; vulgaris
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        item: #281 of 374
          id: bibechana-60048
      author: Poudel, Bhoj Raj; Aryal, Ram Lochan; Ghimire, Kedar Nath; Paudyal, Hari; Pokhrel, Megh Raj
       title: Potential removal of arsenite from contaminated water using a fixed bed column packed with TiO2-impregnated pomegranate peel powder 
        date: 2024
       words: 5460
      flesch: 63
     summary: This is attributed to the possibility of channeling and short contact between the As(III) ions and active sites of PP@TiO2 bed at a higher flow rate. Keywords Pomegranate peel; Removal; PP@TiO2; As(III); Fixed bed column.
    keywords: adsorption; arsenic; as(iii; bed; biosorption; breakthrough; column; concentration; flow; model; pp@tio2; rate; removal; thomas; water
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        item: #282 of 374
          id: bibechana-60097
      author: Sah, Sanjay Kumar; Jha, Indu Shekhar; Koirala, Ishwar
       title: Theoretical exploration of thermodynamic characteristics in lead-free liquid alloys: Zn-Bi-In System
        date: 2024
       words: 6155
      flesch: 63
     summary: Over the past two decades, the precision and dependability of MIVM in predicting the properties of liquid alloys have been substan- tiated [20, 21]. In the con- text of liquid alloys, a positive deviation in the ac- tivity of a component like Zn suggests that the in- teractions between zinc atoms and the other com- ponents (Bi and In in this case) are weaker in the mixture than one would predict from assuming ideal behavior.
    keywords: alloys; liquid; values; xbi; xin; xzn
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        item: #283 of 374
          id: bibechana-60334
      author: Chhatkuli, Daya Nidhi; Paudel, Sanjaya; Sedain, Amrit; Aryal, Binil
       title: Dwarf galaxy merger-induced star formation rate: A case study of Mrk 1481 
        date: 2024
       words: 4447
      flesch: 57
     summary: SFR plays a pivotal role in galaxy evolution, star distribution, and un- derstanding galaxy formation. The impact of dark energy on galaxy formation.
    keywords: analysis; dwarf; formation; galaxies; galaxy; gas; journal; mergers; profile; rate; star
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        item: #284 of 374
          id: bibechana-60796
      author: Gautam, Aastha; Malla, Diya; Khatiwada, Aadarsh; Kafley, Ghanashyam; Shah, Sujit Kr; Kafle, Sagar
       title: Effects of open dumping site on surrounding air, soil, and water: a case study of Biratnagar metropolitan city
        date: 2024
       words: 5582
      flesch: 65
     summary: The total hardness variation of water samples is minimum at upstream and highest at leachate. The amount of ammonia in water samples is in diminishing order form from SS-0 to SS-2 (Table 3).
    keywords: dumping; leachate; limit; samples; site; soil; study; table; values; waste; water
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        item: #285 of 374
          id: bibechana-61208
      author: Pakka, Sangita; Magar, Akash Budha; Shrestha, Deepa; Sharma, Tinky; Sharma, Khaga Raj
       title: Phytochemical Analysis and Biological Activities of Solvent Extracts of Two Traditionally Used Medicinal Plants
        date: 2024
       words: 6594
      flesch: 64
     summary: The concentration of plant extract or fraction that scavenges 50% of available free radical (IC50) Sangita Pakka et al./ BIBECHANA 21 (2024) 113-123 118 Table 4: TPC, TFC, and half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) in DPPH assay of plant extracts and fractions Plant extracts and fractions TPC (mg GAE/g) TFC (mg QE/g) IC50 (/) ALC 383.72 ± 7.31a,b 43.33 ± 0.14a 51.91 ± 1.09 ALE 131.34 ± 3.82 207.33 ± 0.34 139.70 ± 2.30 ALD 93.6 ± 3.97 15.41 ± 0.44b,c 119.91 ± 0.41 ASC 295.57 ± 0.54c 42.48 ± 1.09a,d 71.86 ± 1.67 ASE 390.98 ± 5.32a,d 138.58 ± 0.53 36.17 ± 0.92a ASD 374.32 ± 5.72b,d 13.89 ± 0.32b,e 83.59 ± 1.57 PLC 39.5 ± 1.18e 40.58 ± 0.58d 374.7 ± 0.55 PLD 177.05 ± 7.91 13.44 ± 0.18c,e 177 ± 0.72 PLH 60.39 ± 3.48e 30.96 ± 0.18 315.3 ± 0.45 PSC 271.58 ± 5.83c 37.22 ± 0.19 35.65 ± 0.61a Quercetin # # 3.28 ± 0.89 ALE, B. asiatica ethyl acetate leaf fraction; ALD, B. asiatica dichloromethane leaf fraction; ASE, B. asiatica ethyl acetate stem fraction; ASD, B. asiatica dichloromethane stem fraction; PLD, B. paniculata dichloromethane leaf fraction; PLH, B. paniculata hexane stem fraction; * positive control; #, value not measured; Values are the mean ± SE (n=3); values marked by the same letter within the same column are not significantly different at p < 0.05. ranged from 35.65±0.61 in PSC to 315.30±0.45 µg/mL in PLC (Table 4). 20 µL each of different concentrations of standard (10 µg/mL to 100 µg/mL gallic acid solutions in methanol) and plant extracts (500 µg/mL in 50% DMSO) were loaded in separate bores of a 96 well plate in triplicates.
    keywords: activity; antioxidant; asiatica; crude; extracts; fractions; leaf; paniculata; plant; solvent; stem
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        item: #286 of 374
          id: bibechana-61268
      author: KC, Nirmal; Chalise, Roshan; Mishra, Anita; Kalakhety, Himali; Khanal, Raju
       title: Radiation level over the Bishnumati River Bridges: A Study from Balaju to Teku in Kathmandu, Nepal
        date: 2024
       words: 2094
      flesch: 50
     summary: Figure 1: Sources of natural background radiation Table 1: Effective dose from natural background radiation on the 14 bridges over the Bishnumati River.
    keywords: background; bridges; dose; msv; radiation
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        item: #287 of 374
          id: bibechana-61270
      author: Parajuli, D.; Samatha, K.
       title: Structural and cation distribution analysis of Nickel-Copper/Nickel-Magnesium Substituted Lithium Ferrites 
        date: 2024
       words: 4142
      flesch: 57
     summary: This kind of transformation is more in the basic lithium ferrite, and quite less in substituted lithium ferrites. This shift is indicative of the change in lattice constant.
    keywords: cations; crystal; ferrite; lattice; lithium; lnc; lnm; series
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        item: #288 of 374
          id: bibechana-62034
      author: Chalise, Roshan; Regmi, Krishna; Nepal, Sadip; Sharma, Sangat; Basnet, Suresh; Khanal, Raju
       title: Characterization of atmospheric circular dielectric barrier discharge via electrical and optical methods
        date: 2024
       words: 9678
      flesch: 57
     summary: However, the fluctuation is less in the Lissajous’s plot method; hence, the energy calculation from the Lissajous plot method is more suitable for plasma discharge. Plasma discharge flows in the gap which was pro- duced by a high-voltage power supply (Chengdu Chuangyu Xinjie Technology Co. Ltd.) with an output voltage of 3-30 kV. To control the out volt- age of the power supply by changing the input voltage of the power supply (0-24.00 V) DC.
    keywords: airflow; apcdbd; barrier; boltzmann; chalise; current; dbd; dielectric; discharge; doi; electron; energy; excitation; figure; input; lpm; method; physics; plasma; plot; power; pressure; roshan; surface; temperature; vibrational; voltage
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        item: #289 of 374
          id: bibechana-62097
      author: Gautam Khatri, Gopal; Baskota, Manish; Chand, Anita; Bharati, Samjhana; Paudel, Dasu Ram
       title: Biosorption sudy of Cr (VI) from the aqueous solution using chemically modified biomass of a newly isolated edible mushroom waste
        date: 2024
       words: 5723
      flesch: 56
     summary: The high magnification image of MPSC in Figure 10C indicates the distinctive porosity, and awful rough surfaces with broken edges thus providing valuable sites for metal ion adsorption on the surface of adsorbent. 2.2.3 Batch adsorption study An Erlenmeyer flask is pipetted with a known con- centration of metal solution that has been pH- adjusted, and the predetermined quantity of ad- sorbent is then added.
    keywords: adsorbent; adsorption; figure; isotherm; metal; mpsc; order; removal; rpsc; solution; surface; time
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        item: #290 of 374
          id: bibechana-62448
      author: Shrestha, Ishwar Kumar; Khanal, Shankar Prasad
       title: Factors associated with time to first birth after marriage: A systematic review
        date: 2024
       words: 7280
      flesch: 56
     summary: Evidence suggests a link between time to first birth after marriage with some major fac- tors, such as “education”, “place of residence”, “age at first marriage”, “contraceptive used” [4,27], “con- traceptive knowledge”, “wealth index”, “husband's education”, “women employment status”, “marriage cohort” and “type of marriage” [9, 12, 15], but few studies have been also explored the link to other factors dealing with personal behavioral and family characteristics. Age at first marriage, age at first childbirth and first birth interval (FBI) after mar- riage are some of the major determinants of fer- tility measures, influenced by a number of differ- ent co-factors of demographic, socio-economic and cultural things [1].
    keywords: articles; birth; childbirth; data; education; factors; interval; marriage; model; review; studies; study; time; women
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        item: #291 of 374
          id: bibechana-62465
      author: Rajguru, Kirtibir; Bhandari, Sujan; Shrestha, Ganesh Kumar; Gnawali, Chhabi Lal; Pokharel, Bhadra Prasad
       title: Comparative study of machine learning based prediction of supercapacitance performance of activated carbon prepared from Bio-based Materials
        date: 2024
       words: 6102
      flesch: 52
     summary: Machine learning models for the predic- tion of total yield and specific surface area of bio-char derived from agricultural biomass by pyrolysis. Machine learning prediction of the yield and bet area of activated carbon quantitatively re- lating to biomass compositions and operating conditions.
    keywords: carbon; data; energy; learning; machine; machine learning; model; number; performance; prediction; regression; surface; values; volume
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        item: #292 of 374
          id: bibechana-62607
      author: Nepal, Madhav; Paudel, Ganesh; Aryal, Santosh; Devkota, Arun; Neupane, Hari Krishna
       title: Adsorption of Water on Vacancy Defective h-BN Bilayer at B and N Sites: First-principles calculation
        date: 2024
       words: 7362
      flesch: 64
     summary: Furthermore, we have created the B atom va- cancy defected h-BN (B-hBN), and N atom vacancy defected h-BN (N-hBN) materials by randomly re- moving single B atom, and single N atom from the upper surface of bilayer material respectively. It is found that pristine h-BN is a non-magnetic, and B-hBN, N-hBN, w-B-hBN & w-N-BN are magnetic materials.
    keywords: atoms; band; bilayer; energy; hbn; hbn bilayer; magnetic; materials; pristine; properties; states; structure; supercell; vacancy; water
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        item: #293 of 374
          id: bibechana-62845
      author: Nepal, Ramadevi; G. M., Jyothi Prasad; Ravipati, Praveena; Joshi, B. D.; Sujatha, D.
       title: Photoluminescence properties of Tm3+/Ho3+/Cr3+-co-doped Y3AlGa4O12nano-garnet phosphors for visible-NIR LED applications
        date: 2024
       words: 4864
      flesch: 64
     summary: In the present work, Tm3+/Ho3+:Y3AlGa4O12 (YAGG) phosphors co-doped with Cr3+ ions were prepared in order to broaden and extend the spectral profile in to the NIR region for broadband source applica- tions. Cr3+ ion is the interesting ion to dope into the inorganic materials owing to its deep red colours (~ 700 nm) and narrow band emissions due to the spin-forbidden 2E →4A2 transition or broadband emission (650-1600 nm) due to the spin-allowed 4T2→4A2 transition, which strongly depends on the surrounding crystal-field strength given by the host lattices [15–17].
    keywords: cr3; emission; energy; ion; ions; luminescence; phosphors; properties; yagg
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        item: #294 of 374
          id: bibechana-63069
      author: Adhikari, Pitri Bhakta; Ghimere, Rachana; Khanal, Nabaraj
       title: Evaluating and predicting losses from thunderbolt and fire events in Nepal: A regression analysis with moving averages approach
        date: 2024
       words: 4496
      flesch: 66
     summary: 6980.602 Figure 1: Graph of average number of incidents due to thunderbolt. Figure 2: Graph of average number of total death due to thunderbolt.
    keywords: average; data; fire; incidents; line; number; year
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        item: #295 of 374
          id: bibechana-63560
      author: Tawhid, Mohammad M.; Ali, Mohammad
       title: Efficiency enhancement of solar cell using mirror concentrator
        date: 2024
       words: 4124
      flesch: 61
     summary: Solar concentrators can also be used to melt materials and enforce heat engines. Earth receives an amount of solar energy which is 6000 times greater than hu- man energy needs [10].
    keywords: cell; concentrator; efficiency; energy; mirror; panel; power; solar; system
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        item: #296 of 374
          id: bibechana-63978
      author: Khatri, Sabina; Magar, Akash Budha; Sharma, Tinky; Sharma, Khaga Raj
       title: Phytochemical analysis, digestive enzymes inhibition, and toxicity study of Beta vulgaris
        date: 2024
       words: 7164
      flesch: 61
     summary: 130 µL standard quercetin solution (10 to 80 µg/mL in methanol) and 20 µL of 500 µg/mL plant extracts and fractions in 50% DMSO were loaded in a 96-well plate. It was fol- lowed by adding 110 µL of deionized water to the bores containing plant extracts and fractions.
    keywords: activities; activity; assay; extracts; food; fractions; leaf; plant; root; study; vulgaris
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        item: #297 of 374
          id: bibechana-64409
      author: Bhandari, Bishnu Prasad; Kafle, Jeevan; Pokharel, Chudamani
       title: Analysis of blood flow through stenosed artery with Einstein Viscosity
        date: 2024
       words: 5341
      flesch: 65
     summary: This investigation concludes that the effective viscosity has a greater impact on blood flow velocity than plasma viscosity. Journal homepage: http://nepjol.info/index.php/BIBECHANA Publisher: Dept. of Phys., Mahendra Morang A. M. Campus (Tribhuvan University) Biratnagar Effect of blood flow through mild stenosed artery with effective viscosity Bishnu Prasad Bhandari1,2, Jeevan Kafle1, Chudamani Pokharel1,3,∗ 1Central Department of Mathematics, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal 2Nepal Engineering College, Pokhara University, Changunarayan, Bhaktapur, Nepal 3Dhawalagiri Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal ∗Corresponding author:
    keywords: blood; flow; hematocrit; stenosis; s−1; viscosity
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        item: #298 of 374
          id: bibechana-64520
      author: Limbu, Binay; Dahal, Prem Sagar
       title: Exploring the electronic and magnetic properties of half-heusler alloy CoMnSb: implications for spintronics
        date: 2025
       words: 3196
      flesch: 62
     summary: The presence of such spontaneous moments shows that electronic spins and magnetic moments are arranged in a predictable way. Table 1 contains the com- puted total spin magnetic moments.
    keywords: band; comnsb; energy; gap; half; heusler; magnetic; moments; spin; states
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        item: #299 of 374
          id: bibechana-64973
      author: Akbar, Shabab; Sharma, Rohit Kumar; Sadique, Mo; Jaiswal, Kshiteendra Mohan; Chaturvedi, Purnima; Kumar, Vivek; Shah, Sapna Ratan
       title: Computational analysis of clot formation risk in diabetes: A mathematical modeling approach
        date: 2024
       words: 4889
      flesch: 53
     summary: As blood clots enlarge in blood vessels, they obstruct blood flow, increasing resistance. Ultimately, the growth of blood clots leads to an increase in local blood viscos- ity, impacting blood flow dynamics and potentially exacerbating thrombotic events.
    keywords: artery; blood; clot; diabetes; flow; journal; r. shah; s. r.; shah
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        item: #300 of 374
          id: bibechana-65293
      author: Thapa, Ishwor; Baral, Nirmal Prasad; Adhikari, Krishna Raj
       title: Enhancing high-performance concrete properties through partial replacement of fine aggregate with crusher run dust: A comprehensive experimental investigation
        date: 2024
       words: 4841
      flesch: 55
     summary: Figure 4: Compressive strength and Percentage increase in compressive strength in comparison to the control mix. Due to strong demand and limited availability in top nations, quarry dust is being investigated to replace river sand in M50-grade concrete.
    keywords: aggregate; cement; concrete; crusher; dust; mix; sand; strength; study; tensile
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        item: #301 of 374
          id: bibechana-65508
      author: Timsina, Ramesh Chandra
       title: Richards equation for the assessment of landslide hazards
        date: 2025
       words: 7569
      flesch: 60
     summary: To solve unsaturated flow equation with Kirchhoff transformation Zhang et al. (2015) Keywords Richards equation; Moisture content; infinite sloe model; Landslide hazards; Factor of safety. .
    keywords: equation; et al; flow; landslide; method; numerical; richards; richards equation; slope; soil; solution; water
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        item: #302 of 374
          id: bibechana-65529
      author: Parajuli, D.; Ramana, P. V.; Murali, N.; Bista, S.; Sharma, M.; Samatha, K.
       title: Composition optimization of Ni-Zn ferrites for magnetic hyperthermia: structural, morphological and spectroscopic study
        date: 2024
       words: 4342
      flesch: 55
     summary: Their effect on magnetic properties and hence in hyperthermia are under study. It is known that tailoring the chemical compo- sition allows control of magnetic properties [11–13].
    keywords: ferrite; hyperthermia; iron; magnetic; materials; properties; samples
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        item: #303 of 374
          id: bibechana-65799
      author: Kafle, Jeevan; Chaudhary, Ranjan Kumar; Dangol, Bekha Ratna
       title: Dynamics of water pollution concentration with uniform and exponential increment of pollutants
        date: 2025
       words: 5854
      flesch: 61
     summary: 3.4 Dynamics of concentration P1 and P2 as flow velocity of the river varies The variation of pollution concentrations P1 and P2 with different water flow velocity v along Figure 5: Evolution of pollution concentration Distance (km) Analytical solution Numerical solution Error Error % 0 2.405330 2.427610 0.009260 0.926 5 1.089690 1.121450 0.029140 2.914 10 0.507550 0.477210 0.059770 5.977 15 0.182539 0.169762 0.069990 6.990 20 0.085641 0.092935 0.085160 8.516 Figure 8: Comparison of analytical and numeri- cal solutions for water pollution concentration with uniform (Left) and exponential (Right) increment of pollutants at origin.
    keywords: concentration; pollutants; pollution; river; water
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        item: #304 of 374
          id: bibechana-66431
      author: Baral, Ram Prasad; Adhikari, Rameshwar; Adhikari, Achyut
       title: Chemical profiling, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil of Matricaria recutita (Chamomile)
        date: 2025
       words: 3728
      flesch: 50
     summary: This research focuses on extracting essential oil through hydro-distillation, followed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) to identify its chemical con- stituents and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities against bacteria and fungi responsible for common skin infections. Keywords Matricaria recutita, essential oil, GC-MS analysis, antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, MIC and MBC .
    keywords: activity; antioxidant; chamomile; concentration; matricaria; oil; oxide; plant; recutita
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        item: #305 of 374
          id: bibechana-66853
      author: Yadav, S.K.; Mehta, U.; Gohivar, R.K.
       title: Thermodynamic, structural, surface and transport properties of Au-Cu melt
        date: 2024
       words: 4958
      flesch: 62
     summary: x Au Ideal /k B T=-1 /k B T=-2 /k B T=-3 /k B T=-4 /k B T=-5 Figure 6: Effect of negative values of ω/kBT on SCC(0) for Au-Cu liquid alloy at 1550 K. Theoretical, experimental and ideal values of SCC(0) were estimated using Equations (14-17) with help of determined values of model parame- ter and experimental value of activity [5]. 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 -0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 S M xs/R H M /RT G M xs/RT G M xs /R T ,  H M /R T ,  S M xs /R x Au This work Experimental Figure 3: Compositional dependence of ∆Gxs M/RT , ∆HM/RT and ∆Sxs M/R for Au–Cu liquid alloy at 1550 K. The value of ω/kBT was first obtained with the help of Equation (6) and experimental value of ∆Gxs M
    keywords: liquid; properties; surface; system; values
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        item: #306 of 374
          id: bibechana-68759
      author: Jaishi, Dipak Raj; Ojha, Dinesh Raj; Ojha, Indra; Bhattarai, Govinda; Sharma, Khaga Raj
       title: The Evaluation of antioxidant, antimicrobial, and lethality Activities of leaf and bark extract of alnus nepalensis D. Don
        date: 2025
       words: 7902
      flesch: 54
     summary: [26]. 20 µL of plant extract, 100 µL of dis- tilled water, and 60 µL ethanol followed by 10 µL of 10% AlCl3 solution and 10 µL (1M) CH3COOK solution were loaded in 96-well plates in triplicates. 96-well plates were filled with 10 µL of plant extract and different tannic acid concentrations (7.5-100 µg/mL).
    keywords: activity; antioxidant; aureus; bark; bark extract; content; extract; klebsiella; leaf; leaf extract; methanolic; plant; pneumoniae; total
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        item: #307 of 374
          id: bibechana-68781
      author: Acharya, Arjun; Khanal, Madan; Maharjan, Rajesh; Gyawali, Kalpana; Khanal, Kamal; Kshetri, Mohan Bahadur; Luitel, Bhoj Raj; Adhikari, Rameshwar; Mulmi, Deependra Das; Lamichhane, Tika Ram; Lamichhane, Hari Prasad
       title: Experimental FTIR characterization of kidney stones, DFT analysis of CaC2O4 and its interactions with lysozyme
        date: 2024
       words: 4994
      flesch: 48
     summary: Among various proteins, lysozyme is one of the promoter proteins in nephrolithiasis of calcium oxalate type kidney stone. Role of or- ganic matrix in urinary stone formation: An ultrastructural study of crystal matrix inter- face of calcium oxalate monohydrate stones.
    keywords: analysis; calcium; calcium oxalate; calculi; chemical; docking; figure; interactions; kidney; lysozyme; oxalate; potential; protein; stones; study
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        item: #308 of 374
          id: bibechana-68838
      author: Thapa, Bidhya; Adhikari, Narayan Prasad
       title: Characterization of the molecular interactions between Kaiso and CTCF using AlphaFold2 and molecular dynamics simulations
        date: 2024
       words: 6096
      flesch: 60
     summary: Kaiso interacts with CTCF protein via the BTB/POZ domain and negatively regulates its en- hancer blocker function [25]. CTCF residues in the Kaiso-CTCF complex during simulation.
    keywords: binding; complex; ctcf; ctcf complex; domain; energy; hydrogen; hydrophobic; interactions; kaiso; poz; protein; residues; simulation
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        item: #309 of 374
          id: bibechana-68944
      author: Chaudhary, Narendra Kumar; Thakur, Sanjaya; Budhathoki, Sujan; Baral, Dipak
       title: pH profile and acidity analysis of some Nepalese tea brands: effects of tea Type and temperature 
        date: 2024
       words: 4008
      flesch: 62
     summary: Keywords Tea, pH value, acidity, lemon tea, health benefits, flavor. Narendra Kumar Chaudhary et al./ BIBECHANA 21 (2024) 321-327 325 Table 3: pH of sugar added milk tea with varying milk-water ratios S.N. Different Brands of Tea Sugar Content pH Milk tea without water 75% Milk & 25% Water 50% Milk & 50% Water 1 Tokla 0.5 gm 6.86 ± 0.05 6.91 ± 0.01 6.94 ± 0.005 1.0 gm 6.70 ± 0.01 6.79 ± 0.005 6.86 ± 0.005 1.5 gm 6.56 ± 0.01 6.71 ± 0.005 6.77 ± 0.005 2.0 gm 6.44 ± 0.03 6.54 ± 0.005 6.62 ± 0.02 2 Ridhisidhi 0.5 gm 7.19 ± 0.01 7.16 ± 0.03 7.13 ± 0.06 1.0 gm 6.99 ± 0.005 6.97 ± 0.01 6.98 ± 0.005 1.5 gm 6.78 ± 0.01 6.84 ± 0.01 6.87 ± 0.01 2.0 gm 6.59 ± 0.005 6.69 ± 0.005 6.78 ± 0.005 3 Suman 0.5 gm 7.40 ± 0.01 7.30 ± 0.005 7.21 ± 0.01 1.0 gm 7.24 ± 0.01 7.17 ± 0.005 7.13 ± 0.02 1.5 gm 7.04 ± 0.005 7.03 ± 0.01 7.03 ± 0.01 2.0 gm 6.82 ± 0.01 6.85 ± 0.01 6.91 ± 0.01 4 Muna 0.5 gm 6.65 ± 0.01 6.75 ± 0.02 6.83 ± 0.005 1.0 gm 6.43 ± 0.01 6.58 ± 0.01 6.73 ± 0.02 1.5 gm 6.22 ± 0.01 6.40 ± 0.01 6.62 ± 0.01 2.0 gm 6.07 ± 0.02 6.29 ± 0.01 6.52 ± 0.005 Figure 5: pH of Tea with different % of milk-water ratio and sugar content.
    keywords: brands; consumption; green; health; journal; lemon; milk; sugar; tea
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        item: #310 of 374
          id: bibechana-69319
      author: Mainali, Isman; Khadka, Prakash; Pantha, Nurapati
       title: Comparative study of UV index in the selected sites of Nepalse teritory
        date: 2024
       words: 5448
      flesch: 60
     summary: ditionally, UV index values increase with altitude. Additionally, it was ob- served that UV index values increase during the summer and in areas with low industrial activity, while they decrease in winter, indicating the influ- ence of seasonal changes and aerosol levels on UV index readings [30].
    keywords: altitude; birgunj; data; effects; index; ozone; radiation; solar; surface; ultraviolet; uv index; value
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        item: #311 of 374
          id: bibechana-70049
      author: Aryal, Prabin; Powrel, Jhulan
       title: Thermal properties and non-bonded interactions in human PMP2 variants: A molecular dynamics study
        date: 2025
       words: 5217
      flesch: 63
     summary: Non-bonded interactions within protein structures dictate their integrity and function, with alterations leading to misfolding and aggregates linked to diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s.. The structure of protein plays an important role in proper functioning.
    keywords: distribution; figure; m114; mutant; myelin; pmp2; protein; rmsd; system; temperature
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        item: #312 of 374
          id: bibechana-70126
      author: Paneru, Tirth Raj; Tandon, Poonam; Joshi, Bhawani Datt
       title: Computational evaluation on spectroscopic (FT-IR, Raman), electronic and biological, and NLO properties of cirsilineol by DFT, ADMET, and molecular docking method 
        date: 2025
       words: 6450
      flesch: 61
     summary: +µ2 z ) 1 2 |α0| = 1 3 (αxx + αyy + αzz) ∆α = 2− 1 2 [ (αxx − αyy) 2 + (αyy − αzz) 2 + (αzz − αxx) 2 + 6α2 xx ] 1 2 β0 = [ (βxxx + βxyy + βxzz) 2 + (βyyy + βxxy + βyzz) 2 +(βzzz + βxxz + βyyz) 2 ] 1 2 The components of static dipole moment, first order hyperpolarizability, mean polarizability and anisotropy of cirsilineol molecule are shown in Ta- ble 4. The experi- mental and theoretical spectroscopic elucida- tion of molecular structure, electronic prop- erties, thermal analysis, biological evaluation, and molecular docking studies of isococculi- dine.
    keywords: analysis; bibechana; chem; cirsilineol; cm-1; density; drug; molecule; paneru; potential; properties; raman; ring; solvent; spectra; stretching; theory; transition
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        item: #313 of 374
          id: bibechana-70438
      author: Yadav, Shashit Kumar; Yadav, Deepak Rohita; Gohivar, Ramesh Kumar; Mehta, Upendra
       title: Thermodynamic, structural and surface properties of Cu–Zr liquid alloy at different temperatures: A theoretical approach
        date: 2025
       words: 4491
      flesch: 64
     summary: The activities of components Zr (aZr) and Cu (aCu) of liquid alloy have been calculated using Equations (4, 5 and 21) with the aid of parameters in Table 1. [ kJ m o l-1 ] x Zr Figure 2: Calculated values of aZr and aCu versus xZr for Cu–Zr liquid alloy at 1400 K. Activity is another important thermodynamic pa- rameter which is greatly influenced by the values of model parameters and is reflection of ∆Gxs M .
    keywords: alloy; properties; surface; system; values
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        item: #314 of 374
          id: bibechana-70637
      author: Tiwari, Ram Krishna; Poudel, Rudra Prasad; Paudyal , Harihar
       title: Machine learning for predicting earthquake magnitudes in the Central Himalaya 
        date: 2025
       words: 4644
      flesch: 58
     summary: The primary challenge is to design and train machine learning models that enhances our ability to predict earthquake magnitudes accurately, aid- ing in disaster preparedness and response efforts. The RFR model demonstrates superior perfor- mance in predicting earthquake magnitudes com- pared to the other two methods.
    keywords: data; earthquake; layer; learning; machine; magnitude; model; neural; regressor; rfr; svr
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        item: #315 of 374
          id: bibechana-70639
      author: Simkhada, Robin; Gibbs, Dalton R.; Dhakal, Soma; Oli, Dipak; Ghimire, Rishi Ram; Mulmi, Deependra Das; Pradhan Joshi, Leela
       title: Fabrication of Cu: ZnO thin film sensor for ethanol vapor detection
        date: 2025
       words: 4117
      flesch: 64
     summary: The average crystallite sizes were of 28.17 nm, 26.09 nm, 26.06 nm, 26.47 nm, and 23.90 nm for undoped,1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% of Cu doped ZnO, respectively. Journal homepage: http://nepjol.info/index.php/BIBECHANA Publisher:Dept. of Phys., Mahendra Morang A. M. Campus (Tribhuvan University)Biratnagar Fabrication of Cu: ZnO thin film sensor for ethanol vapor detection Rabin Simkhada1, Dalton R. Gibbs2, Soma Dhakal2, Dipak Oli1, Rishi Ram Ghimire3, Deependra Das Mulmi4,∗, Leela Pradhan Joshi1,∗ 1Dept. of Physics, Amrit Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal 2Virginia Commonwealth University, Dept. of Chemistry, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA 3Dept. of Physics, Patan Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal 4Nanomaterials Research Laboratory, Nepal Academy of Science & Technology, Khumaltar, Nepal ∗Corresponding author.
    keywords: band; ethanol; films; gas; sensitivity; surface; thin; undoped; zno
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        item: #316 of 374
          id: bibechana-70839
      author: Mishra, Anita; Khanal, Raju
       title: Radiological assessment of the Bagh Bhairav temple in Kirtipur, Nepal using in-situ gamma ray spectrometry
        date: 2025
       words: 4029
      flesch: 62
     summary: Terrestrial gamma dose rate in Pahang state Malaysia. Rajasthan and Kerala in India have also reported higher dose rates [6, 7].
    keywords: 232th; 40k; average; concentrations; dose; gamma; radiation; rate
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        item: #317 of 374
          id: bibechana-7106
      author: Shah, Shailendra Kumar
       title: Water quality assessment of mardi river by using water quality index
        date: 2013
       words: 2676
      flesch: 56
     summary: In the early 1970s, the National Sanitation Foundation (NSF), in cooperation with over 100 water quality experts, devised a standard index for measuring water quality. This index is known as the Water Quality Index (WQI), consists of nine tests to determine water quality.
    keywords: index; mardi; parameters; quality; river; turbidity; water; wqi
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        item: #318 of 374
          id: bibechana-71378
      author: Ojha, Indra; Sharma, Khaga
       title: Estimation of phytochemicals, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and brine shrimp lethality activities of Valeriana jatamansi Jones
        date: 2025
       words: 6023
      flesch: 52
     summary: In triplicate, 96-well plates were prepared with 20 L of plant extract, 100 L of 10% Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (diluted 1:10), and 80 L of 1M Na2CO3. In triplicate, 20 L of plant extract, 100 L of distilled water, and 60 L of ethanol were added to 96-well plates.
    keywords: activity; antioxidant; concentration; content; extract; jatamansi; methanolic; phenolic; plant; total
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        item: #319 of 374
          id: bibechana-7142
      author: None
       title: bibechana-7142
        date: None
       words: 90
      flesch: 46
     summary: The aim of the journal BIBECHANA” is to offer a forum to the scientists, academicians and researchers to exchange and explore recent advancement in Science and Technology. It is the matter of great pleasure for us that we are receiving very encouraging responses from the scientists, academicians and researchers which is reflected in the contents of the journal.
    keywords: journal
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        item: #320 of 374
          id: bibechana-7143
      author: None
       title: bibechana-7143
        date: None
       words: 2560
      flesch: 57
     summary: Introduction Halide sensors are ion selective electrodes (ISEs) that provide a convenient and quick analytical procedure for the estimation of particular ions in solution. [9] A. M. James and A. Evans, Potentiometry and ion selective electrodes (Analytical Chemistry by open learning), John Willey and Sons Inc. (1987).
    keywords: ag2s; electrode; ions; response; surface
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        item: #321 of 374
          id: bibechana-7144
      author: Singh, BK; Singh, Sudhir
       title: Temperature dependence of the Helmholtz free energy of liquid alkali metals
        date: 2012
       words: 1937
      flesch: 70
     summary: Table 2: Contribution to Helmholtz free energy of liquid alkali metals as function of temperature Liquid Metals T(°K) -Feg F1 -F2 -Fm -Fhs 371.0 0.08162 0.07734 0.00479 0.21371 0.00656 473.0 0.08168 0.07530 0.00619 0.20968 0.00988 573.0 0.08175 0.07332 0.00761 0.20575 0.01333 673.0 0.08180 0.07136 0.00910 0.20181 0.01695 Keywords: Helmholtz free energy; Entropy; Specific heat; Boltzman constant; Perturbation energy; Madelung energy 1.
    keywords: energy; helmholtz; liquid; metals; singh
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        item: #322 of 374
          id: bibechana-7145
      author: Thapa, SRB
       title: Study of lattice dynamics of silicon
        date: 2012
       words: 1952
      flesch: 63
     summary: Si 5.4307 × 10 -8 cm 46.629 × 10 -24 gm Table-3:Evaluated values of Model parameters of Si Using the evaluated values of model parameters elastic constants C11, C12, C44 and Bulk modulus are evaluated using equations (2),(3)&(4). Phonon frequencies, elastic constants, specific heat and Debye temperature of diamond structure crystal
    keywords: constants; model; phys; values
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        item: #323 of 374
          id: bibechana-7148
      author: Yasin, Mohd Yusuf
       title: Complex roots of polynomials and their computation with the help of Scientific Calculators
        date: 2012
       words: 2930
      flesch: 57
     summary: Journal homepage: http://nepjol.info/index.php/BIBECHANA Complex roots of polynomials and their computation with the help of Scientific Calculators Mohd Yusuf Yasin ECE Department, Integral University, Lucknow, UP, India Phone: (office)091-522-2890812, (mobile)091-9335924865, Email: mmyasin@rediffmail.com Article history: Received 10 March, 2012; Accepted 2 August, 2012 In this work, the use of scientific calculators (Casio brand) for efficient determination of complex roots of various types of equations is discussed.
    keywords: ans; iterations; number; roots
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        item: #324 of 374
          id: bibechana-7149
      author: Rather, NA; Ahmad, Faroz
       title: On the critical points of a polynomial
        date: 2012
       words: 1072
      flesch: 75
     summary: [10] M. J. Miller, J. Math. [9] A. Meir and A. Sharma, Pacific J. Math., 31 (1969) 459-467.
    keywords: polynomial; theorem
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        item: #325 of 374
          id: bibechana-71498
      author: Poudel, Guna Nidhi; Shrestha, Pitamber; Rijal, Narayan Prasad; Sharama, Shri Ram; Pradhan Joshi, Leela; Parajuli, Rajendra
       title: First principles investigation of graphitic carbon nitride (GCN) monolayer embedded with transition metals (Ni, Pd, and Pt) as a NO sensor
        date: 2025
       words: 4554
      flesch: 64
     summary: The band lines corresponding to spin up and spin down of the pure and NO adsorbed pristine GCN, Ni, and Pd, Pt embedded GCN, are depicted in Fig. [12] studied the adsorption behavior and electronic states of poisonous gas molecules, like HCN, SO2, H2S, and NO, on GCN and Mo atom- embedded GCN.
    keywords: adsorption; carbon; energy; gas; gcn; nitride; structure
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        item: #326 of 374
          id: bibechana-7150
      author: Kumar, BC; Rafique, SM; Singh, BP
       title: Temperature dependence of Knight shift for the metals Zn and Al
        date: 2012
       words: 1975
      flesch: 65
     summary: Similarly we have calculated Knight Shift using C-eigen values; the values of Knight shift are slightly different which are shown in Table 1. As the other computed values of Knight Shift opting α = 2/3 and β =1 & 5/8 do not lie in the vicinity of experimental value, hence they are discarded.
    keywords: knight; shift; values
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        item: #327 of 374
          id: bibechana-7151
      author: Joshi, Bhawani Datt; Tandon, Poonam; Jain, Sudha
       title: Structure, MESP and HOMO-LUMO study of 10-Acetyl- 10H-phenothiazine 5-oxide using vibrational spectroscopy and quantum chemical methods
        date: 2012
       words: 4532
      flesch: 66
     summary: [30] P. Politzer, M. E. Grice, J. S. Murray and J. M. Seminario, Can. J. S. Murray and K. D. Sen (1996) pp.
    keywords: aptz; chem; cm-1; energy; homo; lumo; molecule; potential; raman; vibrational
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        item: #328 of 374
          id: bibechana-7174
      author: Khatiwada, Shankar P; Yadav, Amar P; Lebek, Werner; Saiter, Jean Marc; Adhikari, Rameshwar
       title: Synthesis and design of laboratory device from proton conducting block copolymer membrane
        date: 2012
       words: 2984
      flesch: 55
     summary: The mass fraction of epoxy groups of epoxidized polystyrene-block-polybutadiene-block-polystyrene (ESBS) block copolymer was determined by directly titrating the HCl-acetone (1:80 ratios by volume) solution of the polymer by standardized methanolic caustic soda solution The authors are thankful to Kraton Polymers, Houston, TX for the supply of block copolymer used in this work.
    keywords: block; copolymer; esbs; fig; ionomer; membrane; polystyrene; sbs
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        item: #329 of 374
          id: bibechana-7175
      author: None
       title: bibechana-7175
        date: None
       words: 1581
      flesch: 62
     summary: The compiled seismicity data indicates that Shillong plateau region has been mildly active during 1963- 2008. Shillong Plateau region is seismically active in Northeast India, where a great earthquake (1897) has occurred in the past.
    keywords: earthquakes; plateau; region; shillong
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        item: #330 of 374
          id: bibechana-7176
      author: None
       title: bibechana-7176
        date: None
       words: 2027
      flesch: 53
     summary: Abstract The precise measurement of the specific conductivity of sodium deoxycholate in pure water and ethanol- water mixed solvent media containing 0.10 and 0.20 volume fraction of ethanol at 303.15 K are reported. The cmc of Sodium deoxycholate found at different volume fraction of ethanol –water mixed solvent media are listed in Table 1.The cmc of Sodium deoxycholate in pure water was found to be 2.04 mM by fluorescence measurements at 298.15 K[12] which is almost matching with static light scattering measurements[13].
    keywords: cmc; concentration; ethanol; sodium; solvent; water
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        item: #331 of 374
          id: bibechana-7177
      author: Bhattarai, Jagadeesh
       title: The durability of Mn–Mo–Sn–W–Sb–O/Ir1–x–ySnxSbyO2+0.5y /Ti oxygen evolution anode for hydrogen production from seawater electrolysis
        date: 2012
       words: 2530
      flesch: 57
     summary: Journal homepage: http://nepjol.info/index.php/BIBECHANA The durability of Mn–Mo–Sn–W–Sb–O/Ir1–x–ySnxSbyO2+0.5y /Ti oxygen evolution anode for hydrogen production from seawater electrolysis Jagadeesh Bhattarai Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal. Abstract New types of electrodeposited nanocrystalline Mn–Mo–Sn–W–Sb–O/Ir1–x–ySnxSbyO2+0.5y/Ti anode is successfully tailored for hydrogen production from seawater electrolysis.
    keywords: 0.5y; ir1; ysnxsbyo2
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        item: #332 of 374
          id: bibechana-7178
      author: Chaudhary, Nrendra Kumar
       title: Synthesis and medicinal use of Metal complexes of Schiff Bases
        date: 2012
       words: 2379
      flesch: 51
     summary: Similarly, the cytotoxic study of Cu(II) Schiff base complex shows that it has best in-vitro anticancer activity against both MCF-7 (human breast adenocarcinoma) and HT-29 (colon carcinoma) [3] Bukhari I.H., Arif M., Akbar J. and Khan A.H.; Preparation, characterization and biological evaluation of Schiff base transition metal complexes with Cephadrine; Pakistan Journal of biological sciences, 8 (2005) 614-617.
    keywords: activity; base; complexes; metal; schiff; solvent; synthesis
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        item: #333 of 374
          id: bibechana-7179
      author: Giri, Jyoti; Adhikari, Rameshwar
       title: A Brief review on extraction of nanocellulose and its application
        date: 2012
       words: 2703
      flesch: 45
     summary: Lignin is complex dendridic network of phenyl propene which acts as binder in cellulose fiber to give the exact morphology for plant cell wall Cellulose fibers being most abundant, constantly replenished in nature by photosynthesis [2,12] and being stronger than steel, glass fiber etc, has attracted new trends of development in material science
    keywords: adhikari; applications; cellulose; chemical; fibers; journal; materials; nanocellulose; process
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        item: #334 of 374
          id: bibechana-7180
      author: Khan, Arun Kumar
       title: Compressibility and Moelwyn-Hughes Parameter of NaI crystals under high pressure, as the function of thermal properties
        date: 2012
       words: 1273
      flesch: 66
     summary: Subsequently, many more prominent scientists devoted their effort towards these thermal properties of the crystals, among which the endeavour of Jha and Thakur cannot be overlooked, who proposed a new interionic function to observe the properties of ionic crystal under high pressure. Riding on the same momentum, Born model of ionic solids [1] provided a substantial method to calculate the elastic and thermal properties of ionic crystal under high pressure, whose calculations are based on an inter ionic potential function.
    keywords: function; potential; pressure; properties
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        item: #335 of 374
          id: bibechana-7181
      author: Chakrabarti, SK; Jha, IS; Yadav, RN; Singh, BP
       title: Electrical conductivity and Knight shift of liquid alkali metals
        date: 2012
       words: 1295
      flesch: 63
     summary: Keywords: Electrical conductivity; Knight shift; Pseudopotential; Alkali metals. Journal homepage: http://nepjol.info/index.php/BIBECHANA Electrical conductivity and Knight shift of liquid alkali metals S. K. Chakrabarti1*, I. S. Jha1, R. N. Yadav2, B. P. Singh3 1Department of Physics, Tribhuvan University, M. M. A. M. Campus, Biratnagar, Nepal 2Department of Mathematics, Tribhuvan University, M. M. A. M. Campus, Biratnagar, Nepal 3Department of Physics, Tilka Manjhi Bhagalpur University, Bhagalpur, Bihar, India *Corresponding author: skc_2007@yahoo.com Article history: Received 22 October, 2012; Accepted 12 November, 2012
    keywords: conductivity; knight; shift
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        item: #336 of 374
          id: bibechana-7182
      author: Ganie, Ab Hamid
       title: Almost boundedness and matrix transformation
        date: 2012
       words: 2469
      flesch: 84
     summary: If � ∈ implies �� ∈ �, we say that �-defines a matrix transformations from into �, denoted by �: → �. +��where+ is shift operator on .
    keywords: k k; � �
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        item: #337 of 374
          id: bibechana-7183
      author: Koirala, RP; Adhikari, D; Singh, BP
       title: Surface tension of two weakly interacting liquid alloys
        date: 2012
       words: 3829
      flesch: 54
     summary: The concentration dependence of surface tension is studied by computing surface tensions for the alloys from Eq. (11). The statistical formulations of Prasad et al. and Novakovic require order energy input, estimated from thermodynamic data, for the computation of surface concentration and surface tension.
    keywords: alloy; bulk; concentration; surface; tension
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        item: #338 of 374
          id: bibechana-7184
      author: None
       title: bibechana-7184
        date: None
       words: 2528
      flesch: 62
     summary: The study revealed decreasing trend of bird species from previous period. Comparatively, the present study recorded less number of bird species.
    keywords: birds; chhetry; nepal; river; species; study; sunsari
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        item: #339 of 374
          id: bibechana-7186
      author: Sah, Nagendra Pd
       title: About Riesz theory of compact operators
        date: 2012
       words: 1404
      flesch: 75
     summary: If K is a compact map, then T = K- Iλ possesses a decomposition into an invertible operator R(λ ) and an operator S(λ ) of finite rank. If for a continuous operator T, there exists a continuous operator S with T.S.T. = T, then T is called relatively regular operator
    keywords: chain; operator
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        item: #340 of 374
          id: bibechana-7187
      author: Koirala, I; Jha, IS; Singh, BP
       title: Thermodynamic and structural properties of K-Na liquid alloy
        date: 2012
       words: 1805
      flesch: 59
     summary: Key words: liquid alloy; simple statistical model; thermodynamic properties; diffusion coefficient 1. At a given composition if )0(S)0(S id cccc < , ordering in liquid alloy is expected while )0(S)0(S id cccc > gives the indication of tendency of segregation.
    keywords: alloy; mixing
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        item: #341 of 374
          id: bibechana-7188
      author: Shrestha, S
       title: Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of resistant Escherichia Coli from poultry waste
        date: 2012
       words: 1821
      flesch: 38
     summary: These resistant microorganisms may act as possible source for the transfer of antimicrobial resistance to human pathogens. The increasing failure of therapeutic intervention pushed the World Health Organization (WHO) to publish the “Global strategy for containment of antimicrobial resistance” in 2001[9].
    keywords: antibiotics; bacteria; color; e.coli; poultry; resistance; test
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        item: #342 of 374
          id: bibechana-7189
      author: Pradhananga, Achut Ram; Shakya, Ramesh Kaji; Shakya, Pawan Raj
       title: Assessment of physico-chemical parameters of surface water quality of Taudaha lake of Kathmandu and their comparison with other global published values
        date: 2012
       words: 4416
      flesch: 66
     summary: Abstract The aim of current study was to evaluate the status of Taudaha lake water with respect to different physico-chemical parameters (pH, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, free CO2, total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), total solids (TS), total alkalinity, total hardness, chloride, nitrate, sulphate, phosphate, sodium, calcium, magnesium, lead, cadmium, copper and zinc) in monsoon season 2012. The concentrations of Cl - , SO4 2- and PO4 3- in Taudaha lake water did not exceed the WHO recommended values (Table 2).
    keywords: chemical; lake; lake water; quality; study; table; taudaha; values; water
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        item: #343 of 374
          id: bibechana-7191
      author: Niraula, Tulasi Prasad; Bhattarai, Ajaya; Chatterjee, Sujeet Kumar
       title: Effects of concentration, relative permittivity on the transport properties of Sodium dodecyl sulphate in presence and in absence of potassium bromide and Sodium chloride in methanol-water mixed solvent media at 308. 15 K
        date: 2012
       words: 2217
      flesch: 61
     summary: [23] J. E., Jr. Lind, J. J. Zwolenik and R.M. Fuoss, J. Am. Also, the conductivity of sodium dodecyl sulphate increases with addition of salts.
    keywords: dodecyl; methanol; presence; sodium; solvent; sulphate
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        item: #344 of 374
          id: bibechana-7192
      author: Mishra, AK; Milanarun, M
       title: Thermodynamic properties of liquid InNa alloys
        date: 2012
       words: 3867
      flesch: 67
     summary: [35] R.N. Singh, Can. J. Phys., 65 (1987) 309. In this study, a statistical thermodynamic model based on complex formation is used to calculate the interdependence of various properties such as free energy of mixing, heat of mixing, entropy of mixing, concentration-concentration fluctuation at long wavelength limit, chemical short range order parameter and surface tension of InNa liquid alloy.
    keywords: alloys; concentration; mishra; mixing; surface; values
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        item: #345 of 374
          id: bibechana-71936
      author: Sharma, Nirmala; Karki, Deepa; Neupane, Bhanu Bhakta; Adhikari, Achyut
       title: Phytochemical analysis, total flavonoid and phenolic content, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties of Hypotrachyna cirrhata (Fr.) Divakar 
        date: 2025
       words: 4274
      flesch: 52
     summary: Nirmal Sharma et al./ BIBECHANA 22 (2025) 141-150 147 Figure 6: MIC of lichen extracts and antibiotics against Shigella sonnei : 5–7: (A–H: 12.5–0.098 mg/mL) for H. cirrahata, 8–10: Antibiotic (Neomycin A–H: 250–1.95 g/mL), 11: Positive control (AH: Media + bacteria), 12: Negative control (A–H: Media only), and b)MIC of lichen extracts and antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus 5–7: (A–H: 12.5–0.098 mg/mL) for H. cirrahata, 8–10: Antibiotic (Neomycin A–H: 250–1.95 g/mL), 11: Positive control (AH: Media + bacteria), 12: Negative control (A–H: Media only). Figure 7: MBC of lichen extracts and antibiotics against (a) Staphylococcus aureus and (b)Shigella sonnei Table 4: Zone of Inhibition of H. cirrhata Extract Against Bacterial Strains Serial No. Name of Bacteria Positive Control (mm) H. cirrhata Extract (mm) 1
    keywords: activity; cirrhata; content; extract; lichens; mic; total
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        item: #346 of 374
          id: bibechana-72570
      author: Shrestha, Chhabi Kumar; Adhikari, Krishna Raj; Adhikari, Kapil; Adhikari, Narayan Prasad
       title: From linear to non-linear/chaotic pendulum: a computational study
        date: 2025
       words: 2845
      flesch: 54
     summary: The study of pendulum dynamics plays an important role in classical me- chanics, and simple harmonic motion (SHM) is well understood for small oscillations. The harmonic motion of the simplest type, having constant amplitude and single frequency, is called simple harmonic motion.
    keywords: figure; linear; motion; pendulum; phase; space; time
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        item: #347 of 374
          id: bibechana-72618
      author: Timalsina, Shankar; Chhatkuli, Daya Nidhi
       title: A spectroscopic study of the merging dwarf galaxy PGC 007782
        date: 2025
       words: 5425
      flesch: 69
     summary: Scientists use spectra of dwarf galaxies to know about them. Dwarf galaxies contain stars of dif- ferent gas and chemical compositions as studied by Lee et al. (2018) and Smith et al. (2020)
    keywords: 007782; dwarf; emission; formation; galaxies; galaxy; gas; lines; pgc; star
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        item: #348 of 374
          id: bibechana-74118
      author: Adhikari, Amrita; Thapa, Nabin Kumar; Gurung, Anita; Parajuli, Niranjan
       title: Physicochemical, antioxidant, and antimicrobial study in Nepalese honey
        date: 2025
       words: 6660
      flesch: 61
     summary: 2.2 Collection of honey samples Samples of honey were collected from multiple places, including Pokhara, Rukum, Lamjung, and Kathmandu (Table 1). Table 1: List of honey samples collected for the study from different regions of Nepal.
    keywords: acid; activity; antioxidant; content; correlation; fructose; glucose; hmf; honey; samples; tfc; total; tpc
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        item: #349 of 374
          id: bibechana-74121
      author: Adhikari, Mandira Pradhananga; Rawal, Narendra Bahadur; Yadav, Kabita
       title: Assessment of the Dhobikhola river water using real-time monitoring system
        date: 2025
       words: 4529
      flesch: 60
     summary: Till now, a few researchers have characterized the water quality of Dhobikhola using traditional methods, therefore, there is a lack of enough data to identify river water quality thoroughly. The physicochemical characterization of river water concluded that the Dhobikhola River water is not potable; the observed dissolved oxygen was about 4.4 ppm, and the conductivity was 450 µS/cm
    keywords: conductivity; dhobikhola; fig; monsoon; orp; parameters; pollutants; quality; river; variation; water
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        item: #350 of 374
          id: bibechana-74254
      author: Gautam, Narayan; Adhikari, Narayan Prasad
       title: Structural characterization of HDAC2-MTA1 complex
        date: 2025
       words: 4665
      flesch: 63
     summary: The MM/GBSA binding free energy of the HDAC2–MTA1 complex is -223.14 ± 17.71 kcal/mol, indicating a substantial binding free en- ergy for a stable protein–protein complex. In this work, we inves- tigated the molecular mechanism of complex for- mation of HDAC2 with MTA1 protein, using struc- ture predicting tool AlphaFold2 and performed MD simulations.
    keywords: complex; hdac2; histone; hydrophobic; interactions; mta1; mta1 complex; protein; residues; structure
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        item: #351 of 374
          id: bibechana-74596
      author: Chaudhary, Manoj Kumar; Chaudhary, Tarun; Joshi, Bhawani Datt; Verma, Gulab Singh; Shukla, Rajesh Kumar; Paneru, Tirth Raj
       title: Hydrogen bonding, spectroscopic (FT-IR and FT-Raman), UV−Vis, and Mulliken charge analysis of Guanosine-5′ -Diphosphate: insight from DFT and molecular docking 
        date: 2025
       words: 6001
      flesch: 64
     summary: [7] M. J. Frisch, G. W. Trucks, H. B. Schlegel, G. E. Scuseria, M. A. Robb, J. R. Cheese- man, G. Scalmani, V. Barone, B. Mennucci, G. A. Petersson, H. Nakatsuji, M. Cari- cato, X. Li, H. P. Hratchian, A. F. Iz- maylov, J. Bloino, G. Zheng, J. L. Son- nenberg, M. Hada, M. Ehara, K. Toyota, Manoj Kumar Chaudhary et al./ BIBECHANA 22 (2025) 205-214 213 R. Fukuda, J. Hasegawa, M. Ishida, T. Naka- jima, Y. Honda, O. Kitao, H. Nakai, T. Vreven, J. A. Montgomery, J. E. Peralta, F. Ogliaro, M. Bearpark, J. J. Heyd, E. Brothers, K. N. Kudin, V. N. Staroverov, R. Kobayashi, J. Nor- mand, K. Raghavachari, A. Rendell, J. C. Burant, S. S. Iyengar, J. Tomasi, M. Cossi, N. Rega, J. M. Millam, M. Klene, J. E. Knox, J. B. Cross, V. Bakken, C. Adamo, J. Jaramillo, R. Gomperts, R. E. Strat- mann, O. Yazyev, A. J. Austin, R. Cammi, C. Pomelli, J. W. Ochterski, R. L. Martin, K. Morokuma, V. G. Zakrzewski, G. A. Voth, P. Salvador, J. J. Dannenberg, S. Dapprich, A. D. Daniels, Ö. Farkas, J. B. Foresman, J. V. Ortiz, J. Cioslowski, and D. J. Fox. 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Atoms in molecules (AIM) he intra-molecular hydrogen bonding of GDP has been explored by using QTAIM analysis [15].
    keywords: analysis; atoms; bond; bonding; chaudhary; docking; energy; functional; gdp; hydrogen; interaction; potential; protein; stretching; vibration
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        item: #352 of 374
          id: bibechana-74648
      author: Panta, Prasamsha; Maharjan, Elina; Schönherr, Holger; Adhikari, Rameshwar; Adhikari, Achyut; Malla, Rajani
       title: Characterization of key ingredients of essential oil-loaded biopolymer-based transdermal patches
        date: 2025
       words: 5095
      flesch: 55
     summary: Keywords Core ingredients, transdermal patch, wintergreen essential oil, biopolymers Article information Manuscript received: January 27, 2025; Revised: March 8, 2025; Accepted: March 10, 2025 DOI https://doi.org/10.3126/bibechana.v22i2.74648 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons CC BY-NC License. [36] P. Severino, C. F. da Silva, M. A. da Silva, M. H. A. Santana, and E. B. Souto.
    keywords: analysis; applications; biopolymers; cellulose; chitosan; cm-1; cmc; drug; figure; journal; oil; patch; patches
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        item: #353 of 374
          id: bibechana-7555
      author: None
       title: bibechana-7555
        date: None
       words: 1238
      flesch: 62
     summary: Keywords: Compactly invariant normed space, Uniformly invariant normed space, Unitary space, Positive operator. Then is a sometimes C-invariant closed subspace of X. The problem of the existence of invariant subspaces of a normed space is attractive for many authors, for example see [9-12].
    keywords: invariant; operator; space
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        item: #354 of 374
          id: bibechana-75792
      author: Sigdel, Roshan; Powrel, Jhulan; Pantha, Nurapati; Adhikari, Narayan Prasad
       title: Multiscale study of interaction between SARS-CoV-2 protein and human receptor complex
        date: 2025
       words: 6806
      flesch: 57
     summary: The total number of hydrogen bonds between the hACE2 receptor and S protein amino acid residues for the isolated systems of S19 Q24 A475 and T500 R357 binding pockets are 6 and 5, respectively. However, small hydrogen bonds are observed in the system containing only the T500–R357 binding pocket, isolated from all other binding sites.
    keywords: a475; band; binding; cov-2; hace2; protein; q24; r357; s19; sars; t500
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        item: #355 of 374
          id: bibechana-76287
      author: Karna, Sanjay; Kumar Jha, Ajay; Yadav, Kishori
       title: Study of photovoltaic system performance across different geographical region of Nepal
        date: 2025
       words: 5617
      flesch: 46
     summary: This improves the performance of solar PV system for energy ex- traction in specific region of Nepal. Similarly, in the region of the Himalayas, solar PV systems gen- erate significantly more power than terai and hilly region i.e. up to 250 W.
    keywords: current; energy; investment; irradiance; kwh; nepal; photocurrent; power; region; solar; system; temperature
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        item: #356 of 374
          id: bibechana-76349
      author: Yadav, Sukrit Kumar; Neupane, Tejendra; Pokharel, Arpan; Khanal, Kamal; Deuba, Karan; Rijal, Om Shree; Neupane, Hari Krishna
       title: Exploring the structural, mechanical, dynamical, thermal, electronic, magnetic, and optical properties of monolayer WTe2 compound: First-principles study
        date: 2025
       words: 7611
      flesch: 59
     summary: Firstly, we have constructed the optimized and relaxed unit cell structure of WTe2 material by using the optimized values of lattice parameter 12 Bohr (6.35 Å), kinetic energy cutoff 45 The Pugh’s ratio (B/G) of WTe2 material is found to be 1.61, it suggests that the material is relatively ductile [31–33].
    keywords: absorption; axis; band; coefficient; compound; conductivity; dielectric; energy; material; modulus; photon; properties; states; structure; value; wte2
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        item: #357 of 374
          id: bibechana-76471
      author: Thapa, Ratna Bahadur; Ojha, Shankar Datt; Dhungana, Sujan; Tiwari, Laxmi; Khadka, Devendra; Poudel, Milan Babu; Pokhrel, Megh Raj; Baral, Janaki; Poudel, Bhoj Raj
       title: Eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Withania somnifera root extract: characterization, phytochemical profiling, and evaluation of antimicrobial activity
        date: 2025
       words: 5941
      flesch: 50
     summary: Keywords Antimicrobial activity, phytochemical analysis, root extract, Ag NPs, Withania somnifera. These compounds help reduce metal salts to nanoscale particles, such as converting Ag+ to Ag° in Ag NPs synthesis.
    keywords: activity; agnps; analysis; applications; ashwagandha; extract; figure; nanoparticles; nps; root; silver; synthesis
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        item: #358 of 374
          id: bibechana-77717
      author: Vora, Aditya M
       title: A DFT based study of structural, electrical and vibrational properties of LiFeAs – A pnictide superconductor
        date: 2025
       words: 3795
      flesch: 59
     summary: [13] M. M. Qazilbash, J. J. Hamlin, R. E. Baum- bach, L. Zhang, D. J. Singh, M. B. Maple, and D. N. Basov. [25] V. B. Zala, A. M. Vora, and P. N. Gajjar.
    keywords: cm-1; density; fermi; iron; lifeas; materials; phonon; properties; superconductivity
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        item: #359 of 374
          id: bibechana-77948
      author: Bhattarai, Govinda; Sharma, Khaga Raj; Raj Jaishi, Dipak
       title: Assessing the antioxidant antibacterial and toxic potential of quercus floribunda lindl bark
        date: 2025
       words: 7959
      flesch: 57
     summary: Plant extracts can be used in lotions and ointments to aid in the healing of wounds [14]. In triplicate, 96-well plates were loaded with 20 µL of plant extract, 100 µL of 10% FC reagent (1:10), and 80 µL of 1M Na2CO3.
    keywords: acetate; activity; antioxidant; bark; concentration; content; control; ethyl; extract; figure; floribunda; lindl; plant; quercus; species; total
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        item: #360 of 374
          id: bibechana-78028
      author: Gautam, Madhab; Subedi, Dhruba Babu; Paudel, Yuvraj; Magar, Kamal T. Kunwar; Bhattarai, Nootan Prasad; Bhattarai, Jagadeesh
       title: Advancement of plant-based inhibitor acquired from Elaeocarpus aungustifolius Blume leaves to control carbon steel corrosion in simulated concrete pore solution
        date: 2025
       words: 8894
      flesch: 56
     summary: Phy- tochemicals as steel corrosion inhibitor: An insight into mechanism. The analysis of multiple adsorption sites indi- cates that the phytochemicals (PCs) obtained from the LEEA are suitable for forming a passive adsorp- tion layer on the surface of CS specimens, serving effectively as corrosion inhibitors.
    keywords: adsorption; analysis; bhattarai; concrete; control; corrosion; elaeocarpus; extract; green; inhibitor; journal; leaf; leea; pcs; plant; ppm; scps; steel; surface
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        item: #361 of 374
          id: bibechana-78901
      author: Chaudhary, Narendra Kumar; Yadav, Mandip; Budhathoki, Sujan; Baral, Dipak; Adhikari, Janak; Bhattarai, Ajaya
       title: Comparative pH analysis of synthetic and natural cleaning agents: implications for eco-friendly and dermatological safety
        date: 2025
       words: 3836
      flesch: 59
     summary: Natural cleaning agents exhibited eco-friendly properties, with Aloe vera having a mildly acidic pH of 5.40–5.79, and Reetha being near neutral to slightly alkaline, with a pH of 7.36–7.74. Natural cleaning agents, on the other hand, are formulated with eco-friendly ingredients such as baking soda, citric acid, vinegar, and essential oils.
    keywords: agents; cleaning; detergents; journal; products; skin; soaps; water
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        item: #362 of 374
          id: bibechana-79223
      author: Yadav, Shashit Kumar; Dahal, Subash; Guragain, Bhupal
       title: First principles calculations of mechanical, electronic, thermoelectric and thermal properties of ZnCu
        date: 2025
       words: 3782
      flesch: 50
     summary: https://next-gen.materialsproject.org/materials/mp-987 https://next-gen.materialsproject.org/materials/mp-987 Introduction Computational Details Results and Discussion Structural properties Vibrational properties Elastic properties Electronic properties Thermoelectric properties Conclusions [4] Iwaoka H, Hirosawa S. First-principles calcula- tion of elastic properties of Cu-Zn intermetallic compounds for improving the stiffness of alu- minum alloys.
    keywords: conductivity; figure; material; modulus; phonon; properties; thermoelectric; value; zncu
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        item: #363 of 374
          id: bibechana-8067
      author: None
       title: bibechana-8067
        date: None
       words: 6005
      flesch: 96
     summary: β β β+ + − + − − − + − − − − − + − = − − − + − + − + + − + − + + − + − − + + + + + − + + − + 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 0 01 2 1 1 0 01 β β β − − − + − − − − − − − − − − = − − − + − + − + + −   + − + + − + − − + + + +     + − + + − +    A. Liman et al. / BIBECHANA 10 (2014) 71-81 : BMHSS, p.77 (Online Publication: Dec., 2013)
    keywords: z z; α α; − −
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        item: #364 of 374
          id: bibechana-80853
      author: Shrestha, Ram Lal Swagat; Poudel, Manila; Dhital, Sujan; Parajuli, Nirmal; Tamang, Ashika; Adhikari, Safal; M.C., Shiva; Shrestha, Aakar; Shrestha, Timila; Bharati, Samjhana; Maharjan, Binita; Marasini, Bishnu P.; Adhikari Subin , Jhashanath
       title: Molecular docking and ADMET analysis of the phytochemicals of Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers. as potential modulators of the mineralocorticoid receptor against cardiovascular diseases
        date: 2025
       words: 4764
      flesch: 50
     summary: For this, the apo form of the protein, native ligand, and the test compounds were utilized in PDB form. It demonstrated favorable outcomes in molecular docking studies, justifying further explo- ration.
    keywords: binding; class; compounds; docking; drug; journal; ligand; molecules; potential; protein; receptor; toxicity
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        item: #365 of 374
          id: bibechana-83332
      author: Dahal, Nilkantha; Mehta, Upendra; Gohivar, Ramesh Kumar; Koirala, Ram Prasad; Yadav, Shashit
       title: Thermodynamic and surface properties of Al-Cu-Fe-Si-Ti liquid alloy
        date: 2025
       words: 6588
      flesch: 61
     summary: These findings provide crucial insights into the thermodynamic stability and interfacial behavior of multi- component Al–Cu–Fe–Si–Ti liquid alloys, which are essential for optimizing their processing and applications. Struc- tural asymmetry in liquid Fe–Si alloys.
    keywords: alloy; binary; concentration; properties; surface; system; ∆gxs
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        item: #366 of 374
          id: bibechana-8363
      author: Baral, Susil; Bhattarai, Jagadeesh
       title: The effect of tantalum addition on the corrosion behavior of W-xTa alloys in 1 M NaOH solution
        date: 2013
       words: 3059
      flesch: 63
     summary: 7. J. Bhattarai, Tailoring of corrosion resistance tungsten alloys by sputtering. J. Bhattarai, Nepal J. Sci.
    keywords: alloys; bhattarai; corrosion; tantalum
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        item: #367 of 374
          id: bibechana-8454
      author: Dhakal, Yub Raj; Dahal, Kumar P; Bhattarai, Jagadeesh
       title: Investigation on the soil corrosivity towards the buried water supply pipelines in Kamerotar town planning area of Bhaktapur, Nepal
        date: 2013
       words: 4470
      flesch: 64
     summary: Gravimetric method was used to estimate the amounts of sulfate content in soil samples. Among thirty soil samples from Kamerotar area, two soil samples contained 10-20%, twenty samples contained 21-40%, five samples contained 41-60% and only three samples contained more than 60% moisture content as shown in Fig. 2(a).
    keywords: chloride; content; corrosion; corrosive; materials; moisture; resistivity; samples; soil; sulfate
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        item: #368 of 374
          id: bibechana-9079
      author: Koirala, RP; Singh, BP; Adhikari, D
       title: Thermo-physical properties of molten Cd-Ga alloys
        date: 2013
       words: 4586
      flesch: 56
     summary: [2,5]for the estimation of the thermodynamic properties such as free energy of mixing (GM), entropy of mixing (SM), heat of mixing (HM) and activity (ai)); structural properties (concentration fluctuation in the long wavelength limit (Scc(0)), the Warren–Cowley short-range order parameter ( 1α ) and transport properties (ratio of diffusion coefficients); and statistical formulations for the determination surface properties like surface concentration and surface tension of the Cd-Ga alloy at 700K. In QCA, a binary liquid A–B alloy is assumed to consist of homo-pairs (A–A and B–B) which are the clusters of like atoms formed by self-association having a short-range interaction. Butler’s approach To study the surface properties (surface concentration and surface tension) of the binary liquid alloys from Butler’s monolayer approach, we need experimental data of density, surface tension and partial R.P. Koirala et al / BIBECHANA 10 (2014) 9-19 : BMHSS, p.18 (Online Publication: Dec., 2013) excess free energies of mixing of the components at the working temperature.
    keywords: alloys; concentration; liquid; mixing; surface
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        item: #369 of 374
          id: bibechana-9308
      author: Pahari, Narayan Prasad
       title: On 2 - normed space valued paranormed null sequence space
        date: 2013
       words: 5332
      flesch: 90
     summary: For the sufficiency of the condition, assume that supk uk < ∞. Let ξ – , η– ∈ c0 ( S, α–, u– , ||. , .|| ) and γ, ρ ∈ C. Then for each η ∈ S, we have ||αk ξk‚ η|| uk → 0 and ||αk ηk‚ η|| uk →0, as k → ∞. We now setting S = max ( 1,2L-1 ), then we have ||αk (γξk + ρηk)‚ η || uk = (|| γαk ξk‚ η || S || γ αk ξk‚ η || uk + S ||
    keywords: .||
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        item: #370 of 374
          id: bibechana-9309
      author: Aryal, HP; Budhathoki, U
       title: Some Wild Mushrooms of Rupandehi District, West Nepal
        date: 2013
       words: 3947
      flesch: 69
     summary: N. Pandey, Mushroom Diversity in central Nepal: An ethnomycological Approach. 2 Central Department of Botany, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Tribhuvan University, Nepal *E-mail: hahariprasadaryal06@gmail.com 2 Email: drushabudathoki@yahoo.com Article history: Received 25 October, 2012; Accepted 1 November, 2013
    keywords: adhikari; area; aryal; chyau; forest; fungi; h.p; mushrooms; nepal; soil; white; wood
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        item: #371 of 374
          id: bibechana-9311
      author: Jha, Kabita; Bhattarai, Ajaya; Chatterjee, Sujeet Kumar
       title: Surface Tension Studies on the Micellization of Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide in Presence and Absence of KCL and NaCl in Aqueous Media at Room Temperature
        date: 2013
       words: 2136
      flesch: 58
     summary: The following are a few generalizations regarding surface tension and surfactants, followed by a discussion of surfactants and dynamic surface tension. The results showed a sharp decrease in surface tension with increase in concentration of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and then almost constant value of surface tension was observed.
    keywords: cmc; concentration; presence; surface; surfactant; tension
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        item: #372 of 374
          id: bibechana-9312
      author: None
       title: bibechana-9312
        date: None
       words: 5422
      flesch: 83
     summary: − µξ+ λ − µξ λ + µ − − (A.1) where 21 ,CC are arbitrary constants. a( ( ) a( ( ) ( )) 2 C C 2 2 C C bV 8bV V 1 , 2a − µ − µλ = − − λ λ λ − + − + − + + ξ + ξ λ + µ − − (A.3) where 21 ,CC are arbitrary constants.
    keywords: + +; − −
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        item: #373 of 374
          id: bibechana-9340
      author: None
       title: bibechana-9340
        date: None
       words: 3178
      flesch: 71
     summary: d d z z d η η ε τ η εη ε η ε η ε ε ε τ η ε ε ε ε ε ε ε η ε η η ηη α τ τ τ ε η η α η τ ( ) ( ) ( ) 22 2 01 1 0 1 2 02 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 23 2 1 0 0 3 2 1 0 1 2 02 2 2 2 0 1 2 3 0 2 2 2 2 2 ... 0 (11)   + +     + + − + + +   + + + =  d zd z d The general solution of the equation (18) is 3 1 3 4 2 0 0 1 3 3 4 2 0 3 3 4 2 0 cos sin cos3 32 cos cos sin cos3 32 3 sin sin cos sin 3 32 = + − ∴ = + = + + − = − − + +ɺ c z c c z z z c z c c c c z c c c τ τ τ η ε ε τ ε τ ε τ τ η ε τ ε τ ε τ τ η 3 3 2 2 0 0 cos cos cos3 32 32 c c z c ε τ ε τ τ η η ∴ = + − (19) or, ( ) 3 1 2 0 cos cos3 32 c z τ τ η = − (20) ( ) ( ) 3 1 cos cos3 32 1 c z A τ τ= − + (21) ( ) ( ) 2 3 1 2 9cos3 cos 32 1 = − + d z c d
    keywords: z z; η η; τ τ
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  plain text: bibechana-9340.txt

        item: #374 of 374
          id: bibechana-9341
      author: Gurung, L; Koirala, RP; Adhikari, D
       title: Mixing properties of Ni-Pd liquid alloy
        date: 2013
       words: 2564
      flesch: 66
     summary: 1: Excess free energy of mixing ( XS MG∆ ) of Ni-Pd liquid alloy at 1873 K versus X1 (Concentration of Ni); solid lines for theoretical values and circles for experimental values. The theoretical maximum value of heat of mixing is almost equal to the experimental maximum value (Experimental value =1195.5 Jmol-1, Theoretical value = 1182 Jmol-1).
    keywords: liquid; mixing
       cache: bibechana-9341.pdf
  plain text: bibechana-9341.txt