BIBECHANA Vol. 20, No. 3, December 2023, 275-284 ISSN 2091-0762 (Print), 2382-5340 (Online) Journal homepage: http://nepjol.info/index.php/BIBECHANA Publisher:Dept. of Phys., Mahendra Morang A. M. Campus (Tribhuvan University)Biratnagar Cr3+ substitution effect on Co-Cu and Cu-Co nano ferrites on structural and morphological properties D. Parajuli1,∗, N. Murali2, K. Samatha3 1Research Center for Applied Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur 2Department of Engineering Physics, AUCE (A), Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, India 3Department of Physics, AUCST, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, India ∗Corresponding author. Email: deepenparaj@gmail.com Abstract The Cr3+ substituted Co-Cu (Co0.7Cu0.3Fe2−xCrxO4) and Cu-Co (Cu0.7Co0.3Fe2−xCrxO4) where x = 0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2 and 0.25 nanoferrite composite were prepared with the sol-gel approach. Their structural, DC electrical resistivity and magnetic properties were analyzed. XRD shows the single-phase spinel ferrite. Adding Cr3+ ions decreases the lattice volume and the size of the crystallite respectively. FESEM images show non-spherical particles on a largely uniform surface shape with decreasing grain size on doping Cr3+ . The FTIR pattern supports the XRD patterns for spinel ferrite. Keywords Nanoferrites, Cr3+ substitute, XRD, FESEM, FTIR. Article information Manuscript received: September 6, 2023; Accepted: October 13, 2023 DOI https://doi.org/10.3126/bibechana.v20i3.58411 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons CC BY-NC License. https://creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ 1 Introduction The investigation of nano-scale magnetic materi- als and their properties is currently a highly ac- tive area of research due to their unique and cap- tivating attributes. These properties often differ from those of larger bulk substances due to their high surface-to-volume ratio [1–3]. Nanoscale par- ticles, with applications in diverse fields such as bio- processing, color imaging, memory storage devices, ferrofluids, and magnetic refrigeration, have gained significant attention [4–6]. Ferrites can be catego- rized as either soft or hard based on their mag- netization and demagnetization characteristics [7]. These ferrites encompass four crystal chemistry cat- egories: spinel ferrites, garnet ferrites, magneto- plumbite ferrites, and orthorhombic ferrites [8–10]. Among these, spinel ferrites, denoted by the chem- ical formula MFe2O4 where M represents a diva- lent metal cation, have emerged as the most ex- tensively researched due to their remarkable opti- cal and magnetic properties [11–13]. Spinel fer- rites find applications in sensors, electromagnets, optoelectronic components, high-frequency devices, and more [14, 15]. They exhibit exceptional at- tributes such as higher resistivity values, magneti- 275 http://nepjol.info/index.php/BIBECHANA deepenparaj@gmail.com https://doi.org/10.3126/bibechana.v20i3.58411 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ D. Parajuli et al./ BIBECHANA 20 (2023) 275-284 276 zation, permeability, and lower eddy current losses [16]. The distinct properties of spinel ferrites can be influenced by factors such as sintering temperature, preparation methods, choice of dopant ions, parti- cle size, and agglomeration [17–19]. Extensive stud- ies have focused on utilizing divalent and trivalent metal ions to enhance the electrical, optical, and magnetic characteristics of ferrites. Notable substi- tutions, like replacing Fe3+ with Cr3+ in cobalt fer- rite, have been explored without altering the spinel structure [20]. While there has been considerable exploration of divalent ion replacements, trivalent cations have not been as extensively studied as po- tential substitutes in spinel materials [21]. The most notable cobalt and spinel ferrite com- pound is CoFe2O4, which possesses a combination of advantageous features suitable for high-density magnetic recording applications. These include low cost, high coercivity, mechanical hardness, and chemical stability, making it an ideal choice [22]. Within this structure, half of the Fe3+ ions occupy tetrahedral sites, while the remaining half occupies octahedral sites, resulting in an inverse spinel con- figuration [23, 24]. By substituting different metal ions into the cobalt lattice, ferrite materials with novel properties are generated. The characteristics of these materials are significantly influenced by fac- tors such as preparation conditions, the quantity and type of substituent [17,25–28]. When non-magnetic copper is introduced as a substitution into the cobalt ferrite lattice, it is ex- pected to induce distortions in the spinel struc- ture [29–32]. The addition of copper results in an intriguing distribution of cations across the inter- stitial sites A and B within the cobalt ferrite lat- tice [33]. Cu2+ is a Jahn-Teller ion with degenerate orbitals, exhibiting high electrical conductivity in its ground state [34]. The introduction of Cu2+ ions can induce crystal distortions [35]. Reports suggest that the positioning of Cu2+ ions at A and B sites influences the extent of crystal distortion they cause [36–38]. Our recent research has investigated the im- pact of Cr3+ substitution in cobalt-copper fer- rite compositions (Co0.7Cu0.3Fe2−xCrxO4) and Cu0.7Co0.3Fe2−xCrxO4) [2,39–42]. It was observed that the inclusion of Cr3+ions in the cobalt ferrite lattice leads to a decrease in saturation magnetiza- tion due to the lower magnetic moment of Cr3+ ions compared to Fe3+ ions. Additionally, the electrical resistivity increased as the concentration of Cr3+ ions rose. This phenomenon can be attributed to the single stable oxidation state of chromium ions, which reduces the efficiency of conduction involv- ing Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions, resulting in higher resis- tivity. Various techniques have been employed to produce cobalt-copper ferrite nanoparticles [43,44]. Among these, the sol-gel process, known for gener- ating heterogeneous and crystalline nanoparticles, stands out as a chemical method capable of ef- fectively producing ferrite nanoparticles [45]. This process involves hydrolyzing and condensing metal precursors to form a three-dimensional inorganic system. Metal precursors are utilized in this low- temperature synthesis process [46]. This study aims to investigate the structural and morpholog- ical properties of Co-Cu (Cu0.7Co0.3Fe2−xCrxO4) and Cu-Co (Co0.7Cu0.3Fe2−xCrxO4) nanoferrites at varying levels of x, specifically x = 0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2. The synthesis of the samples will in- volve utilizing the sol-gel auto-combustion method. This analysis will employ techniques such as X- ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning elec- tron microscopy (FESEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) to examine the re- sulting structures and morphologies. 2 Experimental Techniques The initial precursors for the synthesized materi- als include cobalt, copper, iron, chromium nitrates, and citric acid, all obtained from Sigma Aldrich with a purity of 98%. A chelating agent, citric acid, was used to form complexes with the metal nitrates. To create the citric acid solution, the ni- trates were mixed with citric acid in a 1:1 ratio. The resulting mixture was stirred magnetically at temperatures between 80 and 900 Celsius for a du- ration of 10-12 hours, leading to the formation of a viscous gel. This gel was then subjected to dry- ing at 1000 degrees Celsius for 6 hours. The prod- uct was decomposed using spontaneous self-ignition and subsequently powdered using a mortar and pes- tle. The powdered material was annealed at 11000C for 4 hours to eliminate impurities. Phase identification of the Cr3+ substi- tuted Co-Cu (Co0.7Cu0.3Fe2−xCrxO4) and Cu-Co (Cu0.7Co0.3Fe2−xCrxO4) nanoferrites was carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD) with a Cu-K x-ray radiation source. X’PERT PRO software was employed to analyze the X-ray diffraction patterns within the range of 20 to 800 diffraction angles. The surface morphology and elemental distribution of the synthesized samples were studied using FESEM (Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy) models Quanta 250 and FEI D9393. Furthermore, different vibrational modes in the prepared samples were determined using FTIR (Fourier-Transform Infrared) spectrometers, 400 FTIR, and FIR (Far- Infrared). Force constants calculations v21 = 1 2πc √ K µ (1) where µ = µ1µ2 µ1 + µ2 for two atoms systems. Tetra- D. Parajuli et al./ BIBECHANA 20 (2023) 275-284 277 hedral and Octahedral Force constants KT and KO are directly proportional to the vibration frequency and molecular weights (µA, µB) by the following re- lations as suggested by Waldron [47]: KT = 4π2c2µAv 2 1 (2) K0 = 4π2c2µBv 2 2 (3) Cation distribution data was used to estimate the molecular weights of A- and B-sites. The molec- ular weights (µA and µB) and force constants (KT and KO) are directly proportional to each other. The values of tetrahedral and octahedral radii (rA and rB) can be calculated using the equations given below: rA = Cobalt content×rCo+Copper content×rCu+ Iron content × rFe and rB = 1 2 [Cromium content × rCr + Iron content × rFe] The theoretical lattice constants have also been estimated using the following formulae by propos- ing the cationic distribution of metal ions in the spinel lattice. rA = (u− 1 4 )ath √ 3−R0 (4) rB = ( 5 8 − u)ath −R0 (5) ath = 8 3 √ 3 [ (rA +R0) + √ 3(rA +R0) ] (6) Where, rA and rB are radii of tetrahedral and octahedral sites respectively. ath is theoretical lat- tice constants. Ro is the radius of the oxygen ion. u is the oxygen positional parameter. For the fcc structure, Ro is 0.375. In the Co-Cu ferrite sys- tem, the radii of Cr3+ and Co2+ ions are greater than the space occupied by the oxygen ions. This will cause distortion in the cubic lattice and there- fore the oxygen parameter may differ from its usual value of 3/8 [48]. 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 XRD Study The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of Cr3+ sub- stituted Co-Cu (Co0.7Cu0.3Fe2−xCrxO4) and Cu- Co (Cu0.7Co0.3Fe2−xCrxO4) nanoferrites, where x = 0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, and 0.25, are presented in Figure 1 (a) and (b). These patterns reveal the presence of a single-phase spinel structure [?,35,49], specifically related to the Fd3m space group with a card number of 22-1086 [50]. The XRD pat- terns exhibit distinct and well-defined peaks in the (111), (220), (311), (222), (400), (422), (511), (440), (620), and (533) planes, indicating a high degree of crystallinity that aligns closely with existing litera- ture [28,51,52]. The values in Table 1 exhibit a gradual de- crease due to the substitution of Cr3+ions. For Co- Cu nanoferrites, the lattice parameter reduces from 8.4498 Å to 8.4321 Å, while for Cu-Co nanoferrites, it decreases from 8.4441 Å to 8.4099 Å. This de- crease is attributed to the larger ionic radii of Fe3+ ions (0.645) compared to Cr3+ ions (0.615) [53]. 3.2 FESEM analysis Utilizing field effect scanning electron mi- croscopy (FESEM), the characterization of shape and grain size in Cr3+ substituted Co-Cu (Co0.7Cu0.3Fe2−xCrxO4) and Cu-Co (Cu0.7Co0.3Fe2−xCrxO4) nanoferrites, where x = 0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, and 0.25, has been con- ducted. The FESEM micrographs of the synthe- sized nanoferrites are depicted in Figures 3 (a) and (b). Extensive research has been undertaken by various investigators to gain a deeper under- standing of fine-grain morphology [54,55]. The FE- SEM micrographs reveal agglomerated, spherical, refined, and densely packed magnetic nanoparticles with an average grain size ranging from 50 to 100 nm. Remarkably, this study corroborates the find- ings by establishing a robust correlation between the grain size deduced from the observed FESEM micrograph analysis and the crystallite size deter- mined from the XRD diffraction patterns of the synthesized samples [53]. D. Parajuli et al./ BIBECHANA 20 (2023) 275-284 278 Figure 1: (a) and (b): XRD images of Cr3+ doped Co-Cu and Cu-Co nano ferrite. Figure 2: Lattice constant and crystallite size vs. composition of the Cr3+ substituted Co-Cu and Cu-Co nano ferrite. D. Parajuli et al./ BIBECHANA 20 (2023) 275-284 279 Table 1: Experimental values for different concentrations of the samples Composition (x) Cr3+ substituted Co-Cu Cr3+ substituted Cu-Co Lattice Constant (Å) Crystallite size (nm) Lattice Constant (Å) Crystallite size (nm) x = 0.0 8.4498 44 8.4441 19.28 x = 0.05 8.4471 34 8.4399 22.33 x = 0.1 8.4453 36 8.4099 32.92 x = 0.15 8.4419 32 8.4210 27.71 x = 0.2 8.4321 34 8.4375 30.04 x = 0.25 8.4411 28 8.4428 23.74 Figure 3: (a) and (b): FESEM images of Cr3+ substituted Co-Cu and Cu-Co nanoferrite. The substitution flexibility within available lat- tice sites diminishes as particle growth occurs, par- ticularly when the chosen substituted element ex- hibits a pronounced affinity for a specific site. This results in a more controlled nucleation process and particle size. It is widely recognized that cobalt and chromium ions exhibit a strong preference for occupying octahedral sites within the lattice struc- ture [56]. 3.3 FTIR analysis FTIR spectroscopy is employed to analyze vi- brational modes, investigate structural stabil- ity, and assess cation distribution within in- terstitial sites. Figures 4 (a) and (b) dis- play the typical FTIR spectra of Cr3+ substi- tuted Co-Cu (Co0.7Cu0.3Fe2−xCrxO4) and Cu-Co (Cu0.7Co0.3Fe2−xCrxO4) nano ferrites, where x = 0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, and 0.25. These spectra were obtained using the samples prepared by the sol-gel method, with samples sintered at 11000C for 4 hours. The transmittance spectra were executed within wavenumbers of 350 to 800 cm−1 at room temperature. Notably, below 800 cm−1, the pres- ence of two prominent absorption bands affirms the formation of a spinel structure in the synthesized ferrites [57]. Furthermore, these spectra offer in- sights into the functional groups present in the fer- rite compositions. Two distinct vibrational bands, labeled v1 and v2, arise due to stretching vibrations occurring at both octahedral and tetrahedral sites. The vibrational band v1 corresponds to the stretch- ing vibrations of M3+-O2 (M3+ = Cr3+ and Fe3+) bonds in octahedral sites. In contrast, the vibra- tional band v2 can be attributed to the intrinsic vi- brations of M2+-O2 (M2+ = Co2+, Cu2+, and Fe2+) bonds in tetrahedral sites. This distinction arises due to the shorter Fe-O bond length (0.189 nm) in tetrahedral sites compared to octahedral sites (0.199 nm). Consequently, all ferrites exhibit these D. Parajuli et al./ BIBECHANA 20 (2023) 275-284 280 two distinct bands, influenced by the closer coupling of Fe3+ ions at A sites rather than B sites. The po- sitions of these vibrational bands alter as the Cr3+ doping density increases. This phenomenon is due to the substitution of larger Fe3+ ions by smaller Cr3+ ions, resulting in a change in site radius. A notable relationship between site radius and funda- mental frequency is observed, where a decrease in site radius leads to an increase in the fundamental frequency [18]. The presence of substituted Cr3+ ions disrupts the (Fe3+ - O2) connections and per- turbs the lattice structure, leading to a broadening of the high-frequency absorption band [58]. Table 2 provides the A and B band positions for samples at different levels of Cr3+ doping. Figure 4: (a) and (b): FTIR spectra of Cr3+substituted Co-Cu and Cu-Co nanoferrite. 4 Conclusion The cost-effective sol-gel auto-combustion tech- nique was successfully utilized to synthesize single-phase, well-crystallized ultrafine crystals of Cr3+ substituted Co-Cu (Co0.7Cu0.3Fe2−xCrxO4) and Cu-Co (Cu0.7Co0.3Fe2−xCrxO4) nanoferrites, where x = 0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, and 0.25. The re- sulting ferrite samples exhibit a face-centered cubic structure characterized by the Fd-3m space group. D. Parajuli et al./ BIBECHANA 20 (2023) 275-284 281 The crystallite size of Cr3+ substituted Co-Cu is larger than that for Cu-Co. Notably, the cation dis- tribution analysis indicates a preference for octahe- dral B-sites for Co2+, Cu2+, and Cr3+ ions within the lattice. The force constant is directly propor- tional to the atomic weights of the constituents in the respective lattice sites. The data reveals that the Cu-Co ferrite substituted with Cr is slightly more efficient than its counterpart. Data Declaration Data can be obtained from the corresponding au- thor on request. Competing Interest The authors declare they have no competing inter- ests. References [1] S. Akter, M. N. I. Khan, F. Ferdous, H. N. Das, and I. M. Syed. Analysis of the influence of trivalent cr3+ doping on the structural and electromagnetic properties of cu0.5mg0.5crxfe2−xo4 nanoferrites. AIP Adv., 12:95015, 2022. [2] H. Rao Daruvuri, K. Chandu, N. Murali, D. Parajuli, Y. Mulushoa S, and M. P. Dasari. Effect on structural, dc electrical resistivity, and magnetic properties by the substitution of zn2+ on co-cu nano ferrite. Inorg. Chem. Com- mun., 143:109794, 2022. [3] R. Vijaya Bharathi, M. K. Raju, S. Uppu- galla, V. Raghavendra, D. Parajuli, B. Surya- narayana, S. Yonatan Mulushoa, N. Murali, and K. Samatha. Cu2+ substituted mg-co fer- rite has improved dc electrical resistivity and magnetic properties. Inorg. Chem. Commun., 149:110452, 2023. [4] R. K. Panda, R. Muduli, G. Jayarao, D. Sanyal, and D. Behera. Effect of cr3+ sub- stitution on electric and magnetic properties of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles. J. Alloys Compd., 669:19, 2016. [5] A. A. Al-Juaid and M. A. Gabal. Effects of co- substitution of al3+ and cr3+ on structural and magnetic properties of nano-crystalline cofe2o4 synthesized by the sucrose technique. J. Mater. Res. Technol., 14:10, 2021. [6] K. L. V. Nagasree, B. Suryanarayana, V. Raghavendra, S. Uppugalla, T. Wegayehu Mammo, D. Kavyasri, N. Murali, M. K. Raju, D. Parajuli, and K. Samatha. Influence of mg2+ and ce3+ substituted on synthesis, struc- tural, morphological, electrical, and magnetic properties of cobalt nano ferrites. Inorg. Chem. Commun., 149:110405, 2023. [7] B. P. Jacob, S. Thankachan, S. Xavier, and E. M. Mohammed. Effect of tb3+ substitution on structural, electrical and magnetic prop- erties of sol–gel synthesized nanocrystalline nickel ferrite. J. Alloys Compd., 578:314, 2013. [8] B. P. Jacob, S. Thankachan, S. Xavier, and E. M. Mohammed. Dielectric behavior and ac conductivity of tb3+ doped ni0.4zn0.6fe2o4 nanoparticles. J. Alloys Compd., 541:29, 2012. [9] I. Lisser, M. Belaiche, M. Elansary, Y. Mouhib, C. Ahmani Ferdi, and M. Tabyaoui. Mag- netic and structural properties of novel-coated multi-doped ni–co ferrite nanomaterial: Ex- perimental and theoretical investigations. J. Mater. Res., 38:1669, 2023. [10] C. Murugesan, B. Sathyamoorthy, and G. Chandrasekaran. Structural, dielectric and magnetic properties of gd substituted manganese ferrite nanoparticles. Phys. Scr., 90:085809, 2015. [11] B. Suryanarayana, K. Ramanjaneyulu, V. Raghavendra, N. Murali, D. Parajuli, S. Yonatan Mulushoa, P. Choppara, P. A. Rao, Y. Ramakrishna, and K. Chandramouli. Effect of sm3+ substitution on dc electrical resistivity and magnetic properties of ni–co ferrites. J. Indian Chem. Soc., 99:100623, 2022. [12] D. Parajuli, P. Taddesse, N. Murali, and K. Samatha. Study of structural, electromag- netic and dielectric properties of cadmium sub- stituted ni–zn nanosized ferrites. J. Indian Chem. Soc., 99:100380, 2022. [13] D. Parajuli, P. Taddesse, N. Murali, and K. Samatha. Correlation between the struc- tural, magnetic, and dc resistivity properties of co0.5m0.5-xcuxfe2o4 (m = mg, and zn) nano ferrites. Appl. Phys. A Mater. Sci. Process., 128:1, 2022. [14] C. Komali, N. Murali, K. Rajkumar, A. Ra- makrishna, S. Yonatan Mulushoa, D. Para- juli, P. N. V. V. L. Pramila Rani, S. Am- polu, K. Chandra Mouli, and Y. Ramakr- ishna. Probing the dc electrical resistivity and magnetic properties of mixed metal oxides cr3+ substituted mg–zn ferrites. Chem. Pap., 77:109, 2023. D. Parajuli et al./ BIBECHANA 20 (2023) 275-284 282 [15] D. Parajuli, V. Raghavendra, B. Surya- narayana, P. A. Rao, N. Murali, P. V. S. K. P. Varma, R. G. Prasad, Y. Ramakrishna, and K. Chandramouli. Corrigendum to ’cadmium substitution effect on structural, electrical and magnetic properties of ni-zn nano ferrites’. Re- sults Phys., 23:103947, 2021. [16] C. Rambabu et al. Effect of la3+and ni2+ substitution on sr1-xlaxfe12-yniyo19 hexafer- rite structural, magnetic, and dielectric prop- erties. Mater. Sci. Eng. B, 289:116257, 2023. [17] D. Parajuli, N. Murali, and K. Samatha. Struc- tural, morphological, and magnetic properties of nickel substituted cobalt zinc nanoferrites at different sintering temperature. J. Nepal Phys. Soc., 7:24, 2021. [18] P. P. Hankare, V. T. Vader, N. M. Patil, S. D. Jadhav, U. B. Sankpal, M. R. Kadam, B. K. Chougule, and N. S. Gajbhiye. Synthesis, char- acterization and studies on magnetic and elec- trical properties of mg ferrite with cr substitu- tion. Mater. Chem. Phys., 113:233, 2009. [19] Y. Lu, T. Zhang, Y. Liu, and G. Luo. Prepa- ration of fepo4 nano-particles by coupling fast precipitation in membrane dispersion micro- contactor and hydrothermal treatment. Chem. Eng. J., 210:18, 2012. [20] D. A. Vinnik et al. Electromagnetic properties of zinc–nickel ferrites in the frequency range of 0.05–10 ghz. Mater. Today Chem., 20:100460, 2021. [21] D. A. Vinnik et al. Ni substitution effect on the structure, magnetization, resistivity and per- meability of zinc ferrites. J. Mater. Chem. C, 9:5425, 2021. [22] A. V. Trukhanov et al. Evolution of structure and magnetic properties for bafe11.9al0.1o19 hexaferrite in a wide temperature range. J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 426:487, 2017. [23] M. V. Zdorovets, A. L. Kozlovskiy, D. I. Shli- mas, and D. B. Borgekov. Phase transforma- tions in feco – fe2coo4/co3o4-spinel nanostruc- tures as a result of thermal annealing and their practical application. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron., 32:16694, 2021. [24] K. Dukenbayev et al. Fe3o4 nanoparticles for complex targeted delivery and boron neutron capture therapy. Nanomater., 9:494, 2019. [25] M. A. Almessiere et al. Correlation be- tween microstructure parameters and anti- cancer activity of the [mn0.5zn0.5](euxndxfe2- 2x)o4 nanoferrites produced by modified sol- gel and ultrasonic methods. Ceram. Int., 46:7346, 2020. [26] D. Parajuli, V. K. Vagolu, K. Chandramoli, N. Murali, and K. Samatha. Co-precipitation synthesis of zncf nanoparticle and their struc- ture, morphological, and magnetic properties characterization. J. Nepal Phys. Soc., 8:22, 2022. [27] D. Parajuli, V. K. Vagolu, K. Chandramoli, N. Murali, and K. Samatha. Soft chemical synthesis of nickel-zinc-cobalt-ferrite nanopar- ticles and their structural, morphological and magnetic study at room temperature. J. Nepal Phys. Soc., 7:14, 2021. [28] D. Parajuli, V. K. Vagolu, K. Chandramoli, N. Murali, and K. Samatha. Electrical prop- erties of cobalt substituted nzcf and zncf nanoparticles prepared by the soft synthesis method. J. Nepal Phys. Soc., 8:45, 2022. [29] S. A. Saafan M. A. Darwish D. Zhou A. V. Trukhanov S. V. Trukhanov R. E. El-Shater, H. El Shimy and F. Fakhry. Synthesis, char- acterization, and magnetic properties of mn nanoferrites. J. Alloys Compd., 928:166954, 2022. [30] D. Parajuli and K. Samatha. Structural anal- ysis of cu substituted ni-zn in ni-zn ferrite. BIBECHANA, 18:128, 2021. [31] D. Parajuli and K. Samatha. Correlation be- tween the magnetic and dc resistivity studies of cu substituted ni and zn in ni-zn ferrites. BIBECHANA, 19:61, 2022. [32] D. Parajuli and K. Samatha. Morphological analysis of cu substituted ni-zn in ni-zn fer- rites. BIBECHANA, 18:80, 2021. [33] A. L. Kozlovskiy and M. V. Zdorovets. Effect of doping of ce4+/3+ on optical, strength and shielding properties of (0.5-x)teo2-0.25moo- 0.25bi2o3-xceo2 glasses. Mater. Chem. Phys., 263:124444, 2021. [34] M. A. Darwish M. U. Khandaker A. Sulieman N. Tamam S. V. Trukhanov A. V. Trukhanov M. A. El-Ghobashy, H. Hashim and M. A. Salem. Eco-friendly nio/polydopamine nanocomposite for efficient removal of dyes from wastewater. Nanomater., 12:1103, 2022. [35] A. V. Trukhanov S. V. Trukhanov and H. Szymczak. Effect of magnetic fields on mag- netic phase separation in anion-deficient man- ganite la0.70sr0.30mno2.85. Low Temp. Phys., 37:465, 2011. D. Parajuli et al./ BIBECHANA 20 (2023) 275-284 283 [36] M. V. Zdorovets M. Ibragimova A. Shum- skaya A. A. Rogachev Z. V. Ignatovich A. Ko- zlovskiy, K. Egizbek and K. Kadyrzhanov. Evaluation of the efficiency of detection and capture of manganese in aqueous solutions of feceox nanocomposites doped with nb2o5. Sen- sors, 20:4851, 2020. [37] N. V. Pushkarev S. V. Trukhanov, I. O. Troy- anchuk and H. Szymczak. Magnetic proper- ties of anion-deficient lal-xba xmno3-x/2 (0 x 0.30) manganites. J. Exp. Theor. Phys., 96:110, 2003. [38] I. O. Troyanchuk S. V. Trukhanov, M. V. Bushinsky and H. Szymczak. Magnetic ordering in la1-xsrxmno3-x/2 anion-deficient manganites. J. Exp. Theor. Phys., 99:756, 2004. [39] D. Parajuli N. Murali P. Taddesse S. Y. Mulushoa T. W. Mammo B. Kishore Babu V. Veeraiah P. Himakar, K. Jayadev and K. Samatha. Effect of cu substitution on the structural, magnetic, and dc electrical resis- tivity response of co0.5mg0.5-xcuxfe2o4 nano- ferrites. Appl. Phys. A Mater. Sci. Process., 127:1, 2021. [40] P. V. S. K. Phanidhar Varma V. Raghavendra K. A. Emmanuel P. Taddesse N. Murali T. We- gayehu Mammo K. Chandramouli, B. Surya- narayana and D. Parajuli. Effect of cr3+ sub- stitution on dc electrical resistivity and mag- netic properties of cu0.7co0.3fe2xcrxo4 ferrite nanoparticles prepared by sol-gel auto combus- tion method. Results Phys., 24:104117, 2021. [41] D. Parajuli S. Yonatan Mulushoa M. Madhu, A. Venkateswara Rao and N. Murali. Cr3+ substitution influence on structural, mag- netic and electrical properties of the ni0.3zn0.5co0.2fe2-xcrxo4 (0.00 x 0.20) nanosized spinel ferrites. Inorg. Chem. Commun., 143:109818, 2022. [42] M. K. Raju B. Krishan D. Parajuli P. Chop- para B. C. Sekhar R. Verma K. M. Batoo G. V. Priya, N. Murali and P. V. L. Narayana. Influence of cr3+ substituted niznco nano- ferrites: Structural, magnetic and dc electrical resistivity properties. Appl. Phys. A Mater. Sci. Process., 128:1, 2022. [43] M. Nawaz A. Manikandan H. S. El Sayed M. A. Almessiere H. Sözeri S. E. Shirsath I. Er- can Y. Slimani, H. Güngüneş and A. Baykal. Magneto-optical and microstructural proper- ties of spinel cubic copper ferrites with li-al co-substitution. Ceram. Int., 44:14242, 2018. [44] M. A. Almessiere et al. Correlation between composition and electrodynamics properties in nanocomposites based on hard/soft ferrimag- netics with strong exchange coupling. Nano- mater., 9:202, 2019. [45] N. A. Algarou et al. Functional sr0.5ba0.5sm0.02fe11.98o4/x(ni0.8zn0.2fe2o4) hard–soft ferrite nanocomposites: Struc- ture, magnetic and microwave properties. Nanomater., 10:2134, 2020. [46] Y. Slimani A. Sadaqat A. Baykal A. Manikan- dan S. V. Trukhanov M. A. Almessiere, N. A. Algarou and A. V. Trukhanov. High- frequency characteristics and spin-canting ef- fects in ni0.5zn0.5fe2o4–ni0.8zn0.2fe2o4 mag- netic nanocomposites. Nanomater., 12:665, 2022. [47] R. D. Waldron. Infrared spectra of ferrites. Phys. Rev., 99:1727, 1955. [48] J. B. Goodenough and A. L. Loeb. Theory of ionic ordering, crystal distortion, and mag- netic exchange due to covalent forces in spinels. Phys. Rev., 98:391, 1955. [49] N. Murali D. Parajuli, G. C. Kaphle and K. Samatha. Structural identification of cubic aluminum and non-cubic titanium using x-ray diffractometer. J. Lumbini Eng. Coll., 4:62, 2022. [50] V. Raghavendra B. Suryanarayana K. M. Ba- too D. Parajuli, N. Murali and K. Samatha. Investigation of structural, morphological and magnetic study of ni–cu-substituted li0.5fe2.5o4 ferrites. Appl. Phys. A, 129:1, 2023. [51] R. H. Kadam S. T. Alone, S. E. Shir- sath and K. M. Jadhav. Chemical syn- thesis, structural and magnetic properties of nano-structured co–zn–fe–cr ferrite. J. Alloys Compd., 509:5055, 2011. [52] A. V. Rao A. Ramakrishna Y. M. S D. Para- juli, N. Murali and K. Samatha. Structural, dc electrical resistivity and magnetic investigation of mg, ni, and zn substituted co-cu nano spinel ferrites. South African J. Chem. Eng., 42:106, 2022. [53] C. Ruttanapun and S. Maensiri. Effects of spin entropy and lattice strain from mixed- trivalent fe3+/cr3+ on the electronic, ther- moelectric and optical properties of delafossite cufe1xcrxo2 (x=0.25, 0.5, 0.75). J. Phys. D. Appl. Phys., 48:495103, 2015. D. Parajuli et al./ BIBECHANA 20 (2023) 275-284 284 [54] M. Zarrar H. Anwar M. B. Khan Niazi R. Ah- mad, I. Hussain Gul and A. Khan. Improved electrical properties of cadmium substituted cobalt ferrites nano-particles for microwave ap- plication. J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 405:28, 2016. [55] U. B. Tumberphale V. V. Jadhav R. S. Mane S. M. Patange S. E. Shirsath A. B. Mugutkar, S. K. Gore and S. S. Jadhav. Role of composition and grain size in controlling the structure sen- sitive magnetic properties of sm3+ substituted nanocrystalline co-zn ferrites. J. Rare Earths, 38:1069, 2020. [56] A. Goyal S. Jauhar, J. Kaur and S. Sing- hal. Tuning the properties of cobalt ferrite: A road towards diverse applications. RSC Adv., 6:97694, 2016. [57] A. S. Nawara N. I. Abu-Elsaad and S. A. Mazen. Synthesis, structural characterization, and magnetic properties of ni–zn nanoferrites substituted with different metal ions (mn2+, co2+, and cu2+). J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 146:109620, 2020. [58] M. A. Abdo S. F. Mansour and S. M. Alwan. The role of cr3+ ions substitution on struc- tural, magnetic and dielectric modulus of man- ganese zinc nanoferrites. Ceram. Int., 44:8035, 2018. Introduction Experimental Techniques Results and Discussion XRD Study FESEM analysis FTIR analysis Conclusion