Bio-based and Applied Economics BAE Bio-based and Applied Economics 12(2): 83-84, 2023 | e-ISSN 2280-6172 | DOI: 10.36253/bae-14794 Copyright: © 2023 A. Zezza. Open access, article published by Firenze University Press under CC-BY-4.0 License. Firenze University Press | www.fupress.com/bae Editorial CAP, Farm to Fork and Green Deal: policy coherence, governance, and future challenges Annalisa Zezza CREA - Centro di ricerca Politiche e Bioeconomia, Italy The European Green Deal sets very ambitious high- level goals in terms of growth and environment, with the aim of turning the EU into a modern, competitive, and sustainable economy. The objective is to reach the target of zero carbon emissions generating greenhouse effects by 2050, the “decoupling” of economic growth from the use of natural resources, and a wider social inclusion for people and territories. To pursue such an ambitious plan, the Green Deal laid out a series of objectives and actions to ensure that every sector of the economy gives its contribution. This approach should be able to translate the Green Deal ambition into a system of complex sectoral-level policies that interact with each other for the achievement of the common high-level goals. However, the extent to which this complex system will be effective in achieving these goals will depend on policy coherence and on governance. The 11th AIEAA annual conference entitled “CAP, Farm to Fork and Green Deal: policy coherence, gov- ernance, and future challenges” has been an occa- sion to explore the potential synergies coming from the integration of the CAP with other EU and national policies under the Green Deal umbrella. By gathering together scholars with different points of views and aca- demic backgrounds, the Conference aimed to improve the understanding on how to reach an increased policy coherence and integration, explore new holistic govern- ance approaches to the agri-food system, analyse the impact on the national and local systems and look to future challenges. In this context, a new generation of complex trans- formative policies is needed and the first paper, by Gian- luca Brunori (2023) gives a valid contribution in find- ing an answer to some very important questions such as “What are the qualities that a new generation of policies should have? What should be done to foster a new genera- tion of policies?”. Transformative policies are character- ized both by a multiplicity of actors and complex secto- ral interconnections. Considering that both the design and the impact of transformative policies depends on the characteristics of socio-technical and socio-ecological systems, new knowledge, new approaches and new forms of dialogue and governance are needed. The second paper in this issue by Silvia Coderon (2023), focuses on the trade of between Food security and environmental sustainability as a ‘false dilemma’ that may delay the urgent action needed to establish a coherent policy framework that could help in meeting the ambitious challenge of making agriculture and food systems more environmentally sustainable. Neverthe- less, the policy objective to increase food security while reaching higher environmental sustainability standards is very difficult to achieve as it raises multiple policy coherence and related governance problems. The author distinguishes between 1) a ‘within-policy coherence’ when public policy efforts are not directed towards the needs of the sector, and 2) ‘between-policies coherence’ when different policy objectives receive different degrees of policy support or even contradict each other, present- ing governance issues related to this complex challenge. With regard to 1) the author stresses the need (and the challenges) for a more targeted CAP including the need for space based data for better policy design, implemen- tation and monitoring. With regard to 2) the author highlights the impact on the agrifood system of policies including the LULUCF regulation, the Effort Sharing Regulation and the EU Emission Trading System, which has an impact on the entire food supply chain. Three http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode 84 Annalisa Zezza Bio-based and Applied Economics 12(2): 83-84, 2023 | e-ISSN 2280-6172 | DOI: major challenges are discussed i.e. the incurrence of high transaction costs to detect the synergies and trade- offs between policy objectives, the dependence of syner- gies and trade-offs on the different instruments chosen, and the need to arrive at value judgments on the differ- ent interests involved. The next two papers explore some emerging issues at the local level. The contribution from Fasano and Pagli- acci (2023) analyses how the valorization of high-quality agri-food products through the use of geographical indi- cations impacts on the economic development of inner areas. They use municipality-level (LAU2) data and apply hurdle models to assess the effect on several variables such as agriculture and food industry features, socio- economic characteristics, regional settings. Their results suggest that across inner areas geographical indications still represent a sort of untapped resource that, to be effective would require a more effective policy interven- tion, recalling the “between policies coherence” suggest- ed in the first paper, The paper from Tappi and al. (2023) analyses the impacts of extreme weather events on crop produc- tion demonstrating how heterogeneous those effects can be accordingly to the types of crops. The results imply that farmers and policymakers may adopt ex-ante and ex-post risk management strategies taking into account thus variability, adapting solutions to the local scale As stated by Brunori (2023), in the opening essay, a new generation of policies implies a new generation of scholars that experiment new models of collaboration between policy-makers and researchers. Our hope is that the AIEAA Conference has been a step in opening the way to a new generation of agri-food policy researchers that assign increased attention to socio-technical and institutional mechanisms that regulating food systems, by adopting a a stronger interdisciplinary approach. REFERENCES Brunori G. (2023). Towards a new generation of (agri- ) food policies.  Bio-Based and Applied Economics, 12(2), 23-33. https://doi.org/10.36253/bae-14003 Coderoni, S. (2023). Key policy objectives for European agricultural policies: some reflections about the pol- icy coherence.  Bio-Based and Applied Economics, 12(2), 5-21. https://doi.org/10.36253/bae-13971 Pagliacci, F., Fasano, F. (2023). Geographical indications as an untapped opportunity for inner areas. An anal- ysis of geographical indications from Southern Italy .  Bio-Based and Applied Economics, 12(2), 47-59. https://doi.org/10.36253/bae-13628 Tappi, M., Carucci, F., Gagliardi, A., Gatta, G., Giuliani, M. M., Santeramo, F. G. (2023). Crop varieties, phe- nological phases and the yield-weather relation- ship: evidence from the Italian durum wheat pro- duction.  Bio-Based and Applied Economics, 12(2), 35-45. https://doi.org/10.36253/bae-13745 CAP, Farm to Fork and Green Deal: policy coherence, governance, and future challenges Annalisa Zezza Key policy objectives for European agricultural policies: Some reflections on policy coherence and governance issues Silvia Coderoni Towards a new generation of (agri-) food policies Gianluca Brunori Earliness, phenological phases and yield-temperature relationships: evidence from durum wheat in Italy Marco Tappi1,*, Federica Carucci2, Anna Gagliardi1, Giuseppe Gatta1, Marcella Michela Giuliani1, Fabio Gaetano Santeramo1 Does the presence of inner areas matter for the registration of new Geographical Indications? Evidence from Italy Francesco Pagliacci, Francesco Fasano* Learning, knowledge, and the role of government: a qualitative system dynamics analysis of Andalusia’s circular bioeconomy Antonio R. Hurtado1,2,*, Julio Berbel2