Biodiversity Informatics, 10, 2015, 65-74 65 BIODIVERSITY INFORMATICS TRAINING CURRICULUM, VERSION 1.2 A. TOWNSEND PETERSON AND KATE INGENLOFF Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045 USA Abstract.—Biodiversity informatics as a field lacks a synthetic, comprehensive summary, guide, and training resource, such as a textbook, a gap that impedes advance in the field. The Biodiversity Informatics Training Curriculum (BITC) represents the compilation of digital videos and accessory materials from 3 years of courses held across Africa, on topics covering the full thematic breadth of the field of biodiversity informatics. Instructors include experts on each topic, such that the instruction is at a high level. The BITC is presented as an open-access, fully digital, video-based teaching resource—in essence a first textbook for the field. The curriculum is constantly being updated and improved, but this version 1.2 represents a first version that covers all major subfields in biodiversity informatics. Links to videos hosted on YouTube are provided herein, but versions that do not require Internet access are available upon request. Key words.—biodiversity, informatics, teaching, digital video Biodiversity informatics is, simply put, a new field (Schalk 1998; OECD Megascience Forum 1999; Soberón 1999; Bisby 2000). Informatics more generally is the science of creating, organizing, and analyzing digital data. Although biodiversity scientists (systematics, taxonomists, ecologists, biogeographers) have used informatics processes in studies of biodiversity for centuries, the digital dimensions of the challenge are relatively new. Indeed, it is only in the last decade or so that large-scale biodiversity databases have become broadly available and accessible. The major steps of innovation and advancement of the field—in the view of many—will derive from novel but meaningful linkages between disparate realms of information about biodiversity (Peterson et al. 2010). Given the newness of the field, biodiversity informatics remains largely without any formal synthesis, guide, textbook, or summary. That is, no textbook entitled something like “Biodiversity Informatics” exists to guide users through the steps involved in biodiversity informatics applications. Further, no graduate programs exist that provide a comprehensive curriculum for the field. Clearly, books and programs exist treating portions of the field (e.g., ecological niche modeling, Peterson et al. 2011), but no overarching summary has been developed. The Biodiversity Informatics Training Curriculum (BITC) represents an effort to remedy this problem and fill the gap in availability of knowledge and experience in the field. With the generous support of the JRS Biodiversity Foundation, a series of detailed training courses has been held at sites across Africa, each treating a different topic within the broader area of biodiversity informatics, with experts brought in from around the world, and trainees from across Africa. Full summaries of the courses, and the experts and trainees who attended, are available on the BITC website1. This document is designed to provide a summary and index to the first nearly-complete version of the full Curriculum. Each topic in the long list in the Appendix is a hyperlink to a YouTube video or playlist. The topics are more or less in a logical order, although some topics really belong in multiple categories: for example, georeferencing could go under Data Cleaning or Data Capture, or as introductory material in Ecological Niche Modeling. Above all, we note that this is a first more or less complete version, so we invite suggestions, criticisms, ideas, and revisions. IF YOUTUBE DOES NOT WORK FOR YOU… Very early in the history of the BITC initiative, the decision was made to house the video component of each course on YouTube. This decision was made largely in light of the near- global availability and massive usership of that site. However, we are quite cognizant that YouTube is not a universal solution to providing access to video content, as access to the site is prohibited by some institutions—and even some 1 http://biodiversity-informatics-training.org/. http://biodiversity-informatics-training.org/ Biodiversity Informatics, 10, 2015, 65-74 66 countries. Furthermore, additional limitations may be imposed by infrastructural limitations (e.g., insufficient bandwidth) that may limit or impede long views of YouTube-based movies. As such, we are seeking actively to provide multiple access solutions to BITC materials. As a more failsafe solution to the access challenge, we have ‘published’ the entirety of the BITC video set and ancillary materials on 32GB USB keys. Of course, the challenge now becomes one of availability of this physical copy. For the moment, however, we offer to send the USB key wherever feasible by mail or courier; requests can be addressed to biodivtraining@gmail.com. HELP US IMPROVE THE BITC Subtitling Many users of BITC materials have expressed frustration in the fact that, apart from a few courses that have been replicated in Spanish and Portuguese, the entire body of materials and resources is in English. In Africa, where the BITC in-person courses were held, this English focus was a significant complication for participation of trainees from Francophone countries. This more general failing in the design and content of the Curriculum simply reflects the failings of the two authors of this summary in not having significant language abilities in French, Arabic, Chinese, Russian, etc. As a step toward a solution to this shortcoming, we are exploring an automated process of adding subtitles to Curriculum materials. We have laid out a protocol that involves the use of voice- recognition software to provide an initial template of English subtitles, which (of course) is quality- controlled by native English-speaking users. The English subtitles will then be placed on a crowd- sourcing website (e.g., dotsub2), where users worldwide can help facilitate the development and improvement of subtitling into other languages. This effort is as-yet in its infancy, but has proven effective in preliminary tests involving translation into Arabic, Chinese, Spanish, French, and Portuguese. Opportunities to assist in the development of these online resources in multiple languages will be announced via the BITC Facebook group3. 2 http://dotsub.com. 3 https://www.facebook.com/groups/BiodiversityInformatics/. Problems Assembling the online curriculum has been a long and difficult process, involving experimentation with multiple video recording and processing technologies, and considerable evolution in the management of video data. As such, it is entirely possible—indeed probable—that problems and errors have crept into this outcome. We request kindly that any problems that users note be reported to us at biodivtraining@gmail.com. We will make every effort to attend to each and every problem that is reported, at least to the extent that is possible. Future plans The BITC content is being updated and expanded by a variety of means, particularly via a monthly online seminar series in biodiversity informatics4 (e.g., a series on the history of biodiversity informatics currently in process). One important next step that we are exploring is that of certifying the use and mastery of BITC materials by students and young trainees around the world. We are exploring the idea of a masters degree program based on BITC online materials, which would allow trainees to study the material online, develop a project or prepare for an examination, and then be examined by a panel of experts. The degrees would be granted by host universities around the developing world. This model is as-yet under exploration and development, and we expect a fully functioning prototype to be in place by late 2016. SUMMARY The BITC represents years of collective work by dozens of persons, including the two of us as co-directors, but perhaps more significantly by our expert course instructors, and more than 134 student trainees representing 23 countries across Africa. The digital teaching resources that have been assembled are unique, in that no other comprehensive teaching resource exists for the field. Needless to say, we are eager to see BITC usership continue to grow and expand. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The BITC exists thanks to generous contributions of many instructors, including Tanya Abrahamse, 4 http://biodiversity-informatics-training.org/webinar-series/. mailto:biodivtraining@gmail.com http://dotsub.com/ https://www.facebook.com/groups/BiodiversityInformatics/ mailto:biodivtraining@gmail.com http://biodiversity-informatics-training.org/webinar-series/ Biodiversity Informatics, 10, 2015, 65-74 67 Arturo Ariño, David Blackburn, Kyle Braak, Rafe Brown, Bilal Butt, Lindsay Campbell, Jacob Cooper, Vanderlei Perez Canhos, Firkirte Gebresenbet Erda, Eric Fokam, Lee Hannah, Leonard Krishtalka, Rafael Loyola, Enrique Martínez-Meyer, Adolfo Navarro-Sigüenza, Monica Papeş, Richard Pearson, Thiago Rangel, Mark Robbins, Laura Russell, Moses Nsanyi Sainge, Jorge Soberón, Javier Otegui Tellechea, Melissa Tulig, Kumara Wakjira, Kimberly Watson, Christiane Weirauch, John Wieczorek, and Selwyn Willoughby. Funding was generously provided by the JRS Biodiversity Foundation LITERATURE CITED Bisby, F. A. 2000. The quiet revolution: Biodiversity informatics and the Internet. Science 289:2309- 2312. OECD Megascience Forum. 1999. Final Report of the Working Group on Biological Informatics. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris. Peterson, A. T., S. Knapp, R. Guralnick, J. Soberón, and M. T. Holder. 2010. The big questions for biodiversity informatics. Systematics and Biodiversity 8:159-168. Peterson, A. T., J. Soberón, R. G. Pearson, R. P. Anderson, E. Martínez-Meyer, M. Nakamura, and M. B. Araújo. 2011. Ecological Niches and Geographic Distributions. Princeton University Press, Princeton. Schalk, P. H. 1998. Management of marine natural resources through by biodiversity informatics. Marine Policy 22:269-280. Soberón, J. 1999. Linking biodiversity information sources. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 14:291. Biodiversity Informatics, 10, 2015, 65-74 68 Appendix Biodiversity Informatics Training Curriculum, version 1.2 Introductory Material  Biodiversity Informatics  Introduction to the BITC  Introduction to Biodiversity Informatics  What is Biodiversity Data?  Building the Biodiversity Knowledge Graph  Writing Scientific Papers  Introduction  Choosing a Journal  Technology Assists  Words to Avoid  Figures  Using Color in Science  Tables  Proofing and Editing  Literature Cited  Cover Letter and Reviewers  Authorship  Response to Reviews  Correcting Proofs  Copyright and Open Access  Writing Proposals Biodiversity Data Capture and Initial Enrichment  Biodiversity Data Capture  Welcome to Ghana  Introduction to BITC  Introduction to Data Capture Course  What is Biodiversity Data?  Biological Data & Collections: Entomology Perspective  Data Sharing Standards: Darwin Core  Data Acquisition: GBIF Data  Exercise: Darwin Core Mapping  Data Models  Authority Files  Persistent Identifiers  Exercise: Data Models  Introduction to Database Management Software Systems  Software Highlight: Arthropod Easy Capture  Software Highlight: Brahms  Software Highlight: Symbiota  Software Highlight: Specify  Data Capture: Strategy  Data Capture from Images  Data Capture: Demonstration  University of Ghana Herbarium Tour  Data Capture: Workflow Analysis https://youtu.be/XmKO5Q-fOYo https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSm4rjXsJ4aNv3SuizB6adAs3NScNsEvC https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSm4rjXsJ4aMzp_oDICEYfJ3d-I2klv0o https://youtu.be/BGzadPWQ1dc https://youtu.be/cW6-yoVmYfU https://youtu.be/uVWajPMUOpw https://youtu.be/ak9rfzlgLSs https://youtu.be/o8xNJcH6zjE https://youtu.be/odByQct1itM https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSm4rjXsJ4aO749bytDbbI-XJ5BYeL7Lq https://youtu.be/O582EjhBzsc https://youtu.be/JoIEG9W8N1c https://youtu.be/4ItN98S90cQ https://youtu.be/e3g5ViGeO8k https://youtu.be/WzJVzYsO-A4 https://youtu.be/IUlUzD01Ksw 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Exercise: Results  Georeferencing Collaboration & Automation Case Studies  Georeferencing from iDigBio  Collaboration to Automation  Geographic Concepts: Coordinate Systems  Point-Radius Method & Best Practices  Using Paper Maps: Named Places  GEOLocate: the Basics  Introduction to GEOLocate  Using GEOLocate  GEOLocate: Batch Processing  GEOLocate: Collaborative Georeferencing  Collaborative Georeferencing Demonstration I  Collaborative Georeferencing Demonstration Part II  Georeferencing using Specify 6.0 Biodiversity Inventories  Welcome to Cameroon  Introduction to BITC  Introduction to Biodiversity Inventories  Inventories vs. Sampling  Inventories Example: Mexico & Landscape Change  Why Conduct Biodiversity Inventories?  Long-term Biodiversity Studies  Assessing Inventory Completeness Part I  Species Accumulation Curves  Richness Estimators: Parametric vs. Non-Parametric Probabilities  Assessing Inventory Completeness Part II  Results-Based Sampling  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Cleaning Tools: Info XY  Why 'Clean' Biodiversity Data?  Error Flagging  Data Cleaning Demonstration: Notepad  Taxonomic Assessment  Data Cleaning Demonstration: Refine and Taxonomic Names Recognition  Software Demonstration: GBIF Names Parser  Software Demonstration: iPlant  Software Demonstration: Refine and Biodiversity Datasets  Software Demonstration: Refine and Taxonomic Names  Repatriating Improvements  Publishing  Introduction to Data Publishing  Landscape of Biodiversity Data Publishing Tools  Biodiversity Data Networks  Extracting Source Data  IPT: Importing Biodiversity Data  IPT: Map to Darwin Core  IPT: Metadata  IPT: Metadata Comments  IPT: Darwin Core Archives  Registering Data with GBIF  Publishing Sensitive Data  The Realities of Sharing Biodiversity Data  Data Licensing  General Q&A  Trainee Presentations  African Conservation Centre  Annet Nambuusi  Yvette Umurungi  Tamene Yohannes https://youtu.be/mKVl2EWCSXc 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https://youtu.be/WbD2GJckKLg https://youtu.be/QLUVN6YuVAQ https://youtu.be/tAMNpjQcG4U https://youtu.be/GGBU38_YFYo https://youtu.be/SpyarwWAGsM Biodiversity Informatics, 10, 2015, 65-74 71 Ecological Niche Modeling  Introduction to ENM Course  Concepts: Distributional Ecology of Species  Concepts: Ecological Niche Modeling  Concepts: Species Occurrence Data  Primary Biodiversity Data: Considerations  Primary Biodiversity Data: Quality Checks  Environmental Data: Considerations  Bias in Occurrence Data and Model Calibration  ENM: Model Selection Considerations  Model Calibration: BIOCLIM and Distance Algorithms  Introduction to Complex Algorithms  GARP  Model Thresholding  No Silver Bullets  Model Evaluation: Concepts & Threshold-Dependent Approaches  Model Validation with Small Samples of Species Observation Records  Model Evaluation: ROC  M Hypotheses  Maxent Outputs Details  General Q&A  Applications  Niche Conservatism  Rare Species  Conservation Planning  Diseases  Invasive Species  Climate Change  Historical Biogeography Biodiversity Data Analysis  Introduction to Data Analysis Course  Assessing Biodiversity Survey Completeness o Introduction to Sampling Biodiversity o Sampling Theory o Examples: Survey Completeness & Species Accumulation Curves o Comparative Analyses o Software Highlight: EstimateS o Exercise: Abundance & Inventory Completeness o Survey Site Prioritization: Single Species o Inventory Completeness: Survey Gap Analysis o Survey Gap Analysis Example: Kenya o Biodiversity Data Initiatives & Data Quality: GBIF o Exercises: Data Analysis  Biodiversity Summaries  Macroecological Analyses  Conservation Prioritization o Introduction and History o Prioritization Example Analyses o Software Highlight: Zonation o Software Exercise: Zonation https://youtu.be/LP_2r8_ptIk https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSm4rjXsJ4aOZrsWJF9Y8SEy9bwWg2zu_ https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSm4rjXsJ4aNuX3BYmLvfUbKqT56bvygx 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https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSm4rjXsJ4aPuL7KAh8KQD4PKwx1albIW https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSm4rjXsJ4aNn43Dy4-EcZ2WpDeTA94xE https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSm4rjXsJ4aP8zPyPbzFZIIhLcoknpmPv https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSm4rjXsJ4aOFt5w51zV4FcWyv9dcsPP4 https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSm4rjXsJ4aPbEjLjtiDyvh2xFRvz05Tq https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSm4rjXsJ4aMW9cTUcBCQrs68rMN4bxCL https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSm4rjXsJ4aPD9dFg6wTbAYgQyFllr71_ https://youtu.be/WWttg0Fru84 https://youtu.be/20LC_-hWdXo https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSm4rjXsJ4aMdx_mu30JaO2x1p4OovxWb https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSm4rjXsJ4aPr70KNTmJQzGktgTZagE3O https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSm4rjXsJ4aO9KBkPzjFugp5J3x4OFbds https://youtu.be/fssl3tHRup4 https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSm4rjXsJ4aO80JfIPtNiXI78Ab7MLklo https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSm4rjXsJ4aP5mwNa_uQ-vI3HHFBR3cDl https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSm4rjXsJ4aNWV0OPAV3BGftMiZzjYxfF https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSm4rjXsJ4aMXvzlhekPe6ZAJWAC3AaJo https://youtu.be/XXz8lzNTmhY https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSm4rjXsJ4aOlJY1bAtd86NwAKAuHbYZq https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSm4rjXsJ4aM3MKODitf0uO9OYHs5bq2f https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSm4rjXsJ4aPikPle0YYR3gQVPzkUxv3C https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSm4rjXsJ4aOzmwvb59Ah2t7jNy3vWXst https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSm4rjXsJ4aMYb2FEcwa7_C881Ah_uizw https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSm4rjXsJ4aMyQ37JpD5Ksp4bXKYiWg-y https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSm4rjXsJ4aPAVFc_8_jTYAziQAaM7CB1 Biodiversity Informatics, 10, 2015, 65-74 72 Species Descriptions  Introduction to Species Descriptions Course  New Species Discovery Case Study: Cameroon  Nomenclatural Codes  Species Descriptions: Nuts & Bolts Part I  Systematics Principles  Naming Species Example: Platymantis  Naming Species Example: Bufo  Naming Species Example: Caprimulgidae  Naming Conventions & Name Selection  Species Descriptions: Nuts & Bolts Part II  Species Description Example: Frog 1  Species Description Example: Bird  Species Description Example: Frog 2 Public Health Applications of Biodiversity Data  Introduction to Public Health Applications Course  Mapping Diseases Transmission Risk  Introduction to Disease Ecology  Current PHA Toolkit  Q&A: Part I  Distributional Ecology Primer  How Disease Systems Are Different  Ecology and Biogeography of Diseases  Q&A: Part II  Niche Modeling Overview  Example: MPX in Congo Basin  Disease Particulars  Beyond Suitability  Evaluating Risk Maps  Example: Buruli Ulcer  Example: White Nose Syndrome  Example: Mycetoma  Example: H5N1 Flu  Q&A: Part III  Future Constraints  Opportunities and Ideas  Public Health and Biodiversity Building Biodiversity Informatics Institutions  Welcome to SANBI  Introduction to Building Biodiversity Informatics Institutions Course  Introduction from SANBI CEO  Information is Power  Why Start a Biodiversity Institution?  Need for Biodiversity Knowledge  Biodiversity Policy  Biodiversity Information to Policy  BI Institution Example: CONABIO Part I  The Biodiversity Informatics Initiative Game  The Universe of Biodiversity Informatics Players  Transitioning the Scope of BI Products: Local to Global  Discussion: Part I https://youtu.be/BYfHRotpFDI https://youtu.be/qtBJr4aEKH4 https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSm4rjXsJ4aPiRwlEW-Cw_NQNZomJw3iQ https://youtu.be/EPeNEHrtpXc https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSm4rjXsJ4aMrUAoU6bUxk0eA7hs8AOgd https://youtu.be/Mt51tz0n37k https://youtu.be/v0KVwK9yz64 https://youtu.be/yQR2f1oiAk4 https://youtu.be/sqJhw3qKAeo https://youtu.be/SjgoFFJ9n40 https://youtu.be/nKXUiQmF3fM https://youtu.be/LUeQX3x_se0 https://youtu.be/0ZuUZjDWSjc https://youtu.be/I1FmOIyZ6C4 https://youtu.be/mRH_TCgnc3s https://youtu.be/gPuHRT70np0 https://youtu.be/RgkQaY_dje8 https://youtu.be/Rh1YgzQUaLc https://youtu.be/D5Vsck8Pkow https://youtu.be/qpgAMG7OFO4 https://youtu.be/fmzpF2bnpVI https://youtu.be/GwLhCtUYZeY https://youtu.be/j0rkf1l4iC8 https://youtu.be/q6v06ka8s5U https://youtu.be/HnBtPGgPzKY https://youtu.be/EEVcprYmq1I https://youtu.be/1_a5xM4OEVk https://youtu.be/0LK1QnYGeAw https://youtu.be/DZ-QxKfJObk https://youtu.be/vT2CEdCp_Pk https://youtu.be/_UD7JMbCJ8Y https://youtu.be/k37tJ1O5AIc https://youtu.be/YcLtK0y_eF4 https://youtu.be/ESyyZUthhxo https://youtu.be/zH-P3oRxQ_A https://youtu.be/EBB1OeHHVo0 https://youtu.be/umvMC755aVE https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSm4rjXsJ4aMTfhDigOtDSdf47e21m2e- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSm4rjXsJ4aOrtfWaLfuVxFSzJcJIMI37 https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSm4rjXsJ4aPBqlU6glCLd2hNbUm6Oizg https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSm4rjXsJ4aMSYz7zIubwB9lR5IjvCKA6 https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSm4rjXsJ4aO_-N7l2uWzRyv-5wO7YHyC https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSm4rjXsJ4aPUBgBNLI8P-V_xcip570N5 https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSm4rjXsJ4aM__lw1ssx02UuwfrlP9DYM https://youtu.be/JM9lEkQjVTk https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSm4rjXsJ4aNVWK_d5IPe6sn7Uj87RoIZ https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSm4rjXsJ4aMfFUnCefSdSCyz-NF9xpEn https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSm4rjXsJ4aOYpL7RomhCG84J9jRGoCAA Biodiversity Informatics, 10, 2015, 65-74 73  Policy & Biodiversity Science Example: U.S.  Ways Forward in Building BI Institutions  BI Demonstration: Data Quality  Discussion: Part II  GBIF: Part I  BI Data Quality Example: Survey Gap Analysis using Kenya GBIF Data  GBIF: Part II  Biodiversity Informatics Partnerships  BI Institution Example: CONABIO Part II  BI Partnerships: Centro de Referência em Informação Ambiental (CRIA)  BI Institution Example: Centro de Referência em Informação Ambiental (CRIA)  BI Institution Example: University of Kansas Biodiversity Institute National Biodiversity Diagnoses  Introduction to National Biodiversity Diagnoses Course  Publication Plans  Data Cleaning  Data Quality Checks: Taxonomy  Data Quality Checks: Geography  Data Quality Checks: Temporal  Basic Patterns  Assessing Inventory Completeness  Gaps: Knowledge vs. Data  Environmental Gaps in Biodiversity Inventories  Environmental Variation Across Study Regions  Environmental Variation Demonstration  Richness and Endemism  Beta Diversity  Protocol for National Biodiversity Diagnoses Biodiversity Conservation Implementation  Introductory material o Course introduction o Why areas are protected  Overview presentations o Digital Accessible Knowledge about biodiversity and choosing sites for conservation action o Conservation biology and conservation science o People and protected areas: past present and future o Climate change and wine o Conservation in Ethiopia  Case studies o Maasai Mara, Kenya o Conservation lessons o Madre de Dios region, Peru o Tehuacan-Cuicatlan Biosphere Reserve, Mexico o Lions in Nech Sar National Park, Ethiopia  Thematic presentations o History of PA conservation strategies o Design Strategy o Balancing needs of local communities and conservation priorities o Ethiopian protected areas o Dynamic conservation planning o Climate change and South African reserve example o Indicator species https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSm4rjXsJ4aOXSHRM7QtPnpvt2FKBpXgz https://youtu.be/CRiCUIZQlaQ https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSm4rjXsJ4aPwM6MiWrQAbPyaFi3zcb4L https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSm4rjXsJ4aNyRqB2o0NKwTsCgMMCproU https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSm4rjXsJ4aMypllevHpnLwFRKRhjrbuO https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSm4rjXsJ4aMzzro4ejmpE7zD08TYH_Er https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSm4rjXsJ4aPCfrAEXbbZnypxr52D3SFE https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSm4rjXsJ4aOkmYUARZAPTPMFbplHzV0e https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSm4rjXsJ4aPHhqKF5WL4YudQGnT6gSbq https://youtu.be/f6HJe60mze0 https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSm4rjXsJ4aNRlPyYvHvv7Im0vxnSmgOd https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSm4rjXsJ4aMmBKFnCMQS521ZB6Jxh1mw https://youtu.be/ds821DzuCAk https://youtu.be/h-BM7Vf0xJ4 https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSm4rjXsJ4aMf9s6QJxhNobTaAho6a-uA https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSm4rjXsJ4aNWMQo_H5qWp_Sehk-7jHjg https://youtu.be/x8fqsGGEgVQ https://youtu.be/NHt4NJ_xQ_E https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSm4rjXsJ4aPoXum-GDcRHbzz547BtU2_ https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSm4rjXsJ4aM8XE8API7yErG8AVYAq364 https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSm4rjXsJ4aMzHztL9_95KiSUt0qehk_P https://youtu.be/Unz28G1EBqw https://youtu.be/R1bSI73H3qI https://youtu.be/K1K6hjnkoi0 https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSm4rjXsJ4aPOvf7uihbg4kwniNwOhmFT https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSm4rjXsJ4aPHQgNrDWcgGQENuptd0sTb https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSm4rjXsJ4aNk7EqO8RGUNh5ajNdAcnDn https://youtu.be/cvY3JEOenaQ https://youtu.be/2lit3yAZSWU https://youtu.be/2DvBdvAwb9w https://youtu.be/ntor_4pSiJY https://youtu.be/IYNGL73OcX4 https://youtu.be/6NA6040JZ8U https://youtu.be/336lUaWOoOI https://youtu.be/gCtCVwO9fQI https://youtu.be/AGyL8Q-5Mwg https://youtu.be/S9mNkzLHPyk https://youtu.be/e6qjrSPlJbw https://youtu.be/YQU_93NiO3w https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSm4rjXsJ4aON77x4oXkBQP9mGCQY2ZNq https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSm4rjXsJ4aNVFPfxeFyNk-5dynh8yJc2 https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSm4rjXsJ4aPmecJW-nvo8uixYjUnO755 https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSm4rjXsJ4aOB2wD1_A25SVIUwy8Qaf2q https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSm4rjXsJ4aPvcuJ2srzRSy--j8yYIZOo https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSm4rjXsJ4aM1X1eapl-cK5DIl9KULDzs https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSm4rjXsJ4aN_6DQgfpcb7CplYU3RcCz4 Biodiversity Informatics, 10, 2015, 65-74 74 o Maintaining conservation as climate changes o Climate change primer o Integrity of protected areas  Participant case studies: o Egypt o Cameroon o Liberia https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSm4rjXsJ4aO_anjjxLwvPtwHeGZnCNGO https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSm4rjXsJ4aOASmCktISMmg9xGjb0HHo2 https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSm4rjXsJ4aPHtW6LG0ooBEub-RDSDrzs https://youtu.be/8ShtbJ8zAQg https://youtu.be/czdHdh1vXgk https://youtu.be/XZ6kg1iY4z0%20%EF%BB%BF%20werwe