Jakšić, P., Zlatković, B.  Distribution of Burnets & Foresters species in... BIOLOGICA NYSSANA 6 (1)  September 2015: 33-39 Jakšić, P., Zlatković, B.  Distribution of Burnets & Foresters species in... 33 Original Article Received: 11 April 2015 Revised: 15 June 2015 Accepted: 01 July 2015 Distribution of Burnets & Foresters species in plant associations and habitats of Special Nature Reserve „Jelašnička Klisura Gorge“ (Serbia) (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae) Predrag Jakšić*, Bojan Zlatković University of Niš, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Department of Biology and Ecology, Višegradska 33, 18000 Niš, Serbia * E-mail: jaksicpredrag@gmail.com Abstract: Jakšić, P., Zlatković, B.: Distribution of Burnets & Foresters species in plant associations and habitats of Special Nature Reserve „Jelašnička Klisura Gorge“ (Serbia) (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae). Biologica Nyssana, 6 (1), September 2015: 33-39. General geographic and biogeographic features of Special Nature Reserve „Jelašnička Klisura Gorge“ in Eastern Serbia are represented. The lists of plant communities and habitat types for the area are given. Faunistic account of Zygaenidae species recorded in period 2009-2014. is analised. Distribution of Zygaenidae species within plant assotiations and habitat types is presented for the first time. Key words: Zygaenidae, Habitats, Jelašnička Klisura Gorge Apstrakt: Jakšić, P., Zlatković, B.: Distribucija vrsta familije Zygaenidae (Lepidoptera) u biljnim zajednicama i staništima Specijalnog rezervata prirode „Jelašnička klisura“ (Srbija). Biologica Nyssana, 6 (1), Septembar 2015: 33-39. Prikazane su opšte geografske i biogeografske odlike Specijalnog rezervata prirode „Jelašnička klisura“, smeštenog u istočnoj Srbiji. Navedene su liste biljnih zajednica i tipova staništa konstatovanih na podrućju klisure. Sumirani su rezultati faunističkog istraživanja predstavnika familije Zygaenidae realizovanog u periodu od 2009. do 2014. godine. Po prvi put je prikazana distribucija utvrđenih vrsta familije Zygaenidae na primeru biljnih zajednica i staništa Specijalnog rezervata prirode „Jelašnička klisura“. Key words: Zygaenidae, staništa, Jelašnička klisura Introduction Adopting Rio Declaration on Environment and Development (1992), Serbia significantly initiated activities in protection of biodiversity and nature in general (A n o n y m o u s , 1992). Within numerous protected natural resources there are 67 Nature Reserves in the country. One of them is Jelašnička Klisura Gorge, situated 15 km SE of the town of Niš, between Jelašnica Village and Čukljenik Village (Fig. 1). Geographic location, geological, geomorphological, climatic and other natural features have made Jelašnička Klisura Gorge 6 (1) • September 2015: 33-39 BIOLOGICA NYSSANA 6 (1)  September 2015: 33-39 Jakšić, P., Zlatković, B.  Distribution of Burnets & Foresters species in... 34 one of the most interesting areas in eastern Serbia from the aspect of biodiversity and nature conservation. The main hidrological phenomena among several, periodical streams of the area is Studena river, that forms small but magnificent gorge, with narrowed sometimes closed sides. Geological base is made of limestone. The gorge is strongly influenced by a temperate continental climate (Semi-arid temperate continental (subcontinental) climate) with ethesian influences from sub-Mediterranean region. However, largest part of the gorge is situated at lower altitudes (ranged from 293 to 580 m.a.s.l.) and therefore opened to the influence of the continental and southern climate that strongly influenced its plant life and species composition in general. Typical climate type is additionally underlined by characteristic of limestone ground and prominent karst geomorphology, making the special mesoclimatic conditions in the gorge. The climate of the area is depicted by climate diagram according to W a l t e r & L e i t h (1967) for Niška Banja Spa as the nearest location (Fig. 2). From the phytogeographycal point of view investigated area belongs to the west-Moesian floristic province of the Balkan sub-region, and central European floristic region. Due to a strong presence of steppe floristic region to the gorge, some of its parts can be understood as an enclave of Pontic-south-Sibirian floristic region. The role of refugia that have gorges and canyons of the central Balkan Peninsula explains species richness, originality and the antiquity of their flora and vegetation (M i š i ć , 1981). The most important elements of flora are tertiary relicts Ramonda serbica Pančić and R. nataliae Pančić & Petrović, as well as Balkan endemic and sub-endemic taxa such as Satureja kitaibelii Wierzb. ex Heuff., Dianthus noeanus Boiss., Parietaria lusitanica subsp. serbica (Pančić) P. W. Ball, Micromeria cristata (Hampe) Griseb., ect. (L a z a r e v i ć et al., 2007). The protected area of of the Nature Reserve, established in 1995., is around 116 ha (A n o n y m o u s , 1995). Investigated area is positioned in the close vicinity of large Sićevačka Klisura Gorge and surrounded by large massif of Mt. Suva Planina, also important from the point of biodiversity and nature conservation. Material and methods During the period of six years of field work (2009.-2014.) representatives of Burnets & Foresters (family Zygaenidae) were notified in certain habitat types of Jelašnička Klisura Gorge. The adult specimens has been collected on the field using Fig. 1. Jelašnička Klisura Gorge, habitat detail, photo P. Jakšić Fig. 2. Climatic diagram of Niška Banja Spa according to W a l t e r & L e i t h (1967) BIOLOGICA NYSSANA 6 (1)  September 2015: 33-39 Jakšić, P., Zlatković, B.  Distribution of Burnets & Foresters species in... 35 entomological net. After preparing, we determined the specimens by the wing-patterns and in all cases the identification has been also carried out by an examination of the male genitalia. The preparations were carried out following the well known standard procedure: maceration by boiling in potash, dissecting and cleaning, clearing in xylolum and mounting in Canada balsam. The photos of genital parameters were taken using the "Leica DM 1000" microscope with the "Camera Leica DEC 290"; photos terrain, habitats and in situ specimen were taken using “Olympus” SP-510UZ (7.1 megapixel and 25X optical zoom). All the material (specimens and genitalia slides) are deposited in the first author's collection. The list of plant communities is based on field survey as well as relevant literature sources given in the article. The list of syntaxonomic units is aligned with J o v a n o v i ć et al. (1986), K o j i ć et al. (1998). Habitat types are defined by immediate field study. The habitat types are in accordance with “NATURA 2000“ classification system (A n o n y m o u s , 2000). Their equivalents for the territory of Serbia according to L a k u š i ć (2005) are shown in the Tab. 2. and 3. Fieldwork on protected areas was done on the basis of permits provided by the Ministry of Environment, Mining and Spatial Planing, Republic of Serbia, No. 353-01-1559-2011-03, dated from 8. 6. 2011; No. 353-01-1070/2012-03, dated from 12. 06. 2012. and No. 353-01-916/2014-08, dated from 29.05.2014. Results and discussion On the base of the literature data given by several authors (J o v a n o v i ć - D u n j i ć , 1955; J o v a n o v i ć , 1980; M i š i ć , 1981; S t e v a n o v i ć et al., 1987; L a z a r e v i ć et al., 2007) as well as field survey, the list of plant communities in Jelašnička Klisura Gorge has been established (Tab. 1). The presence of 23 plant associations belonging to 16 alliances and 9 classes is recorded. Table 1. Syntaxonomic review of vegetation in Jelašnička Klisura Gorge Syntaxonomic Unit (CLASSIS, ORDER, Alliantia, Assotiation) QUERCO-FAGETEA Br.-Bl. et Vlieger 1937 QUERCETALIA PUBESCENTIS Br.-Bl. 1932 Ostryo-Carpinion orientalis Horvat 1954 Ass.: Carpinetum orientalis serbicum Rudski 1940 em. B. Jov. 1953 Quercion frainetto Ht. 1954 Ass.: Quercetum frainetto-cerris Rudski (1940) 1949 subass. carpinetosum orientalis (Knapp) B. Jovanović 1953 Syringo-Carpinion orientalis Jakucs 1959 Ass.: Carpino orientalis-Quercetum mixtum Mišić 1967 Ass.: Syringo-Carpinetum orientalis (Greb. 1950.) Mišić 1967 PRUNETALIA SPINOSAE R. Tx. 1952 Prunion spinosae Soó (1930) 1940 Ass.: Pruno spinosae-Crataegetum (Soó 1927) Hueck 1931 POPULETALIA ALBAE Br.-Bl. 1931 Salicion albae Soó (1930) 1940 Ass.: Salicetum albae-fragilis Soó (1933) 1958 PALIURETEA Trinajstić 1978 PALIURETALIA Trinajstić 1978 Paliurion moesiacum B. Jov. 1985 Ass.: Botryochloo-Paliuretum B. Jov. 1973 ASPLENIETEA TRICHOMANIS Br.-Bl. 1926 POTENTILLETALIA CAULESCENTIS Br.-Bl. 1926 Edraiantho graminifolii-Erysimion comatae Mucina et al. 1990 Ass.: Ceterachi-Ramondetum serbicae R. Jovanović 1953 subass.: ramondetosum nathaliae V. Stevanović et al. Ass.: Parietarietum serbicae Niketić 1986 Micromerion cristatae N. & V. Ranđ. 1998 Ass.: Campanulo velebiticae-Micromerietum cristatae V. et N. Ranđ. 1999 FESTUCO-SESLERIETEA Barbero et Bonim 1969 SESLERIETALIA JUNCIFOLIAE Ht. 1930 Seslerion rigidae Zolyomy 1939 Ass.: Seslerietum filifoliae Zolyomy 1939 subass. scabiosetsoum fumarioides Niketić et Lakušić 1988 Ass.: Anthyllo-Seslerietum rigidae R. Jovanović 1955 BIOLOGICA NYSSANA 6 (1)  September 2015: 33-39 Jakšić, P., Zlatković, B.  Distribution of Burnets & Foresters species in... 36 FESTUCO-BROMETEA Br.-Bl. et R. Tx. 1943 SCORZONERO-CHRYSOPOGONETALIA Horvatić et Horvat (1956) 1958 Chrysopogoni-Satureion Horvat et Horvatić 1934 Ass.: Euphorbio myrsiniti-Bothryochloetum R. Jovanović 1955 FESTUCETALIA VALESIACAE Br.-Bl. et Tx. 1943 Festucion valesiacae Klika 1933 Ass.: Poterio-Festucetum valesiacae Danon 1960 Ass.: Potentillo-Caricetum humilis R. Jovanović 1955 Ass.: Galio-Festucetum valesiacae R. Jovanović 1955 Ass.: Andropogono-Danthonietum calycinae Danon et Blaženčić 1975 Ass.: Festuco-Agrostidetum vulgaris Danon et Blaženčić 1978 Satureion kitaibelii Horvat 1962 Ass.: Sedo-Potentilletum arenariae Ružić 1978 PHRAGMITETEA COMMUNIS R. Tx. et Preising 1942 MAGNOCARICETALIA Pignatti 1953 Caricion gracilis-vulpinae E. Bálatová-Tulačková 1963 Ass.: Junco articulatae-Caricetum vulpinae Danon et Blaž. 1978 BIDENTETEA TRIPARTITI Tx., Lohm. Et Prsg. 1950 BIDENTETALIA TRIPARTITII Br.-Bl. Ex Tx. 1943 Bidention tripartiti Nordh 1940 Ass.: Polygono-Rumicetum conglomerati V. Ranđ. 1990 PLANTAGINETEA MAJORIS Tx. et Preising 1950 PLANTAGINETALIA MAJORIS Tx.et Preising 1950 Polygonion avicularis Br.- Bl.1931 Ass.: Lolio-Plantaginetum majoris Beger 1930 ARTEMISIETEA VULGARIS Lohm., Preising et R. Tx. 1950 ARTEMISIETALIA VULGARIS Lohm. apud R.Tx.1947 Arction lappae Tx.(1937) 1942 em. Gutte 1972 Ass: Arctio-Artemisietum vulgaris (R.Tx.1942) Oberd. et al.1967 Table 2. Survey of “NATURA 2000“ habitat types in Jelašnička Klisura Gorge. Codes for their equivalents according to Lakušić (2005) given in the brakets TEMPERATE HEATH AND SCRUB 40A0 *Subcontinental peri-Pannonian scrub (F3.24) SEMI-NATURAL DRY GRASSLANDS AND SCRUBLAND FACIES 6210 Semi-natural dry grasslands and scrubland facies on calcareous substrates (Festuco-Brometalia) (*important orchid sites) (E1.21, E1.22, E1.55) ROCKY SLOPES WITH CHASMOPHYTES VEGETATION 8210 Calcareous rocky slopes with chasmophytic vegetation (H3.2A) FORESTS OF TEMPERATE EUROPE 9180 *Tilio-Acerion forests of slopes, screes and ravines (G1.A4) 91E0 *Alluvial forests with Alnus glutinosa and Fraxinus excelsior (Alno-Padion, Alnion incanae, Salicion albae) (G1.11) 91M0 Pannonian-Balkanic turkey oak-sessile oak forests (G1.76) *priority habitat Summarizing literature data (L a k u š i ć et al., 2005; S e k u l i ć et al., 2010), as well as personal terrain insight, the list of most important habitats for species of family Zygaenidae has been made (Tab. 2). Field research established that fauna of Burnets and Foresters in Special Nature Reserve “Jelašnička Klisura Gorge” are represented with total number of 8 species: Adscita (1 species), Jordanita (2 species), and Zygaena (5 species). Following species have been notified: Adscita mannii (8 records), Jordanita chloros (2 records), J. graeca (4 records), Zygaena carniolica (1 record), Z. ephialtes (1 record), Z. filipendulae (1 record), Z. loti (1 record) and Z. purpuralis (6 records), listed in Tab. 3. The largest number of representatives, actually the presence of entire 8 identified species have been notified at habitats type 6210 in accordance with classification “Natura 2000”. At habitat type 8210 in accordance with previously mentioned classification, only 3 species have been notified (A. mannii, J. graeca and J. chloros), while at the rest of habitat types in the gorge, only 1 species of Burnets and Foresters has been presented and notified. BIOLOGICA NYSSANA 6 (1)  September 2015: 33-40 Jakšić, P., Zlatković, B.  Distribution of Burnets & Foresters species in... 37 Table 3. Distribution of Zygaenidae species within the main habitats of Jelašnička Klisura Gorge and presence of their larval foodplants SPECIES, DATE OF COLLECTION AND GENITALIA SLIDES NUMBER HABITAT TYPE ACCORDING TO „NATURA 2000“, (EUNIS); LARVAL FOODPLANTS AND RELATED PLANT SPECIES Adscita (Tarmannita) mannii (Lederer, 1853) 5.VI 2013., 1♂ (Prep. no. sr-2556); 14. V 2014., 1♂ (Prep. no. sr-2571); 20. V 2014., 2♂♂ (Prep. no. sr-2578 and sr-2589) and 27.V 2014., 1♂ (Prep. no. sr-2576) 6210 (E1.21, E1.22, E1.55), 8210 Helianthemum spp. (including H. nummularium, H. canum and H. salicifolium) Jordanita (Jordanita) graeca (Jordan, 1907) 6. VII 2010., 1♂; (Prep. no. sr-2464); 2. VI 2011., 2♀♀. 6210 (E1.21, E1.22, E1.55), 8210 Centaurea spp. (including C. salonitana, Centaurea scabiosa subsp. apiculata and C. cyanus) Jordanita (Jordanita) chloros (Hűbner, [1813]) 6. VII 2010., 2♂♂, 1♀. (Prep. no. sr-2473 and sr-2474). 6210 (E1.21, E1.22, E1.55), 8210 Centaurea spp. (including C. salonitana, Centaurea scabiosa subsp. apiculata and C. cyanus) Zygaena (Mesembrynus) purpuralis (Brünnich, 1763) 2. VI 2011., 1♂; 14. V 2014., 3♂♂ (Prep. no. ANZ-164 and ANZ-165); 20.V 2014., 1♂ (Prep. no. ANZ-166); 5.VI 2014., 1♂ (Prep. no. ANZ- 167). 6210 (E1.22), 9180 (G1.A4), 91M0 (G1.76) Thymus sl. (including Thymus praecox subsp. jankae, and T. glabrescens); Eryngium spp. as larval foodplants of Z. minos (E. palmatum, E. campestre) Zygaena (Agrumenia) carniolica (Scopoli, 1763) 6. VII 2010, 1♀. 6210 (E1.21, E1.22, E1.55) Onobrychis arenaria (including O. alba) Zygaena (Zygaena) loti ([Denis & Schifferműller], 1775) 6. VII 2010., 1♂. 6210 (E1.22, E1.55) Onobrychis spp., (including Onobrychis arenaria and O. alba) Coronilla varia (including C. elegans), Lotus corniculatus Zygaena (Zygaena) ephialtes (Linnaeus, 1767) 6. VII 2010., 1♂, 1♀. 6210 (E1.22, E1.55) Coronilla varia (including C. elegans) Zygaena (Zygaena) filipendulae (Linnaeus, 1758) 23. VI 2011., 1♂. 6210 (E1.22) Dorycnium pentaphyllum (including D. pentaphyllum subsp. germanicum and D. pentaphyllum subsp. herbaceum) Semi-natural dry grassland and scrubland facies on calcareous substrates (6210) are developed throughout research area, so the fact that they have a great significance in terms of species diversity of family Zygaenidae, is not unexpected. They are mainly dry, termophilic steppe alike habitats, occupying large areas on shallow soil of eroded and moderately steep slopes of the gorge. Importance of this habitat type is also multiple, according to the presence of several protected orchid species e.g. Orchis purpurea Hudson and Himantoglossum hircinum (L). Sprengel on the slopes of the gorge. In terms of vegetation point of view they belong to a vegetation of dry pastures of rocky continental which is characterized by extreme presence of steppe and submediterranian plant species. In syntaxonomic sense, these are associations of class Festuco-Brometea, presented in Jelašnička Klisura Gorge with large numbers of phytocoenoses, where by the most significant are communities of Festucion valesiacae and Satureion kitaibelli alliances. Supported by anthropogenic activities this vegetation type has been widespread throughout East and South-East Serbia. It is of secondary character and it is developed under subaride climate conditions on destroyed forest communities, mainly oak forest communities with termophilic character (D i k l i ć & N i k o l i ć , 1964). Calcareous rocky slopes with chasmophytic vegetation (8210) habitat types have far less importance compared to represents of family Zygaenidae in terms of distribution and diversity of the research area. Although in terms of spatial representation, this habitat type represents one of the area characteristic, and it is one of the most interesting in the gorge, from the phytogeographical point of view, but has secondary role in terms of diversity of Burnets and Foresters. This type of habitat includes rocky, limestone cliffs, that are overgrown by vegetation from the class Asplenietea BIOLOGICA NYSSANA 6 (1)  September 2015: 33-39 Jakšić, P., Zlatković, B.  Distribution of Burnets & Foresters species in... 38 Fig. 3. Position of examined habitat types on topographic map (Sheet 583_1_3_Bela Palanka, 1: 25000) Fig. 4. Male genitalia slide of Adscita (Tarmannita) mannii (Lederer, 1853), Jelašnička Klisura Gorge, 27.V 2014., Genitalia slide no. sr-2576, X25 Fig. 5. Zygaena purpuralis (Brünnich, 1763), Jelašnička Klisura Gorge, 14. V 2014., (Genitalia slide prep. no. ANZ-164), photo P. Jakšić trichomanis on slopes and canyon parts of the gorge. The greatest significance in the context of this type of vegetation on the research area are phytocoenoses of alliances Edraiantho graminofolii-Erysmion comatae and Micromerion cristatae, comprising community of endemo-relict species of the genus Ramonda, as well as community of Parietaria lusitanica subsp. serbica, which represents specific vegetation of this part of Europe. Related to two mentioned habitat types, all other types of habitats, listed in Tab. 2, as well as plant communities, listed in Tab. 1, have much smaller role in terms of distribution and diversity of family Zygaenidae. Conclusion After several years of monitoring of distribution of the species of Zygaenidae family in Jelašnica gorge we have established their priority habitats and shed light to their diversity in this area (Tab. 3). Analysing distribution of certain types we can conclude that main criteria in selection of habitats was presence of their larval foodplants, followed by the number of Zygaenidae species recorded. From that point of view, the most important habitats in the gorge are semi-natural dry grasslands and scrubland facies on calcareous substrates and calcareous rocky slopes with chasmophytic vegetation. According to the parameters that calculated richness of Zygaenidae in the gorge those habitats are particularly important, diserving special attention in further aspects of conservation within deserving area of the gorge. Acknowledgements. We express our thanks to Ivan Gnjatović for the photo of genitalia and to Ana Nahirnić for photo treatment in Photoshop and determination of Zygaena purpuralis specimens. The fieldwork was supported by the scientific society Biodat Alpin (Innsbruck, Austria). References Anonymous, 1992: Agenda 21, Rio Declaration, United Nations. 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