ANTICANCER COMPOUNDS FROM MEDICINAL PLANTS BIOLOGICA NYSSANA 4 (1-2)  December 2013: 19-33 Jotić et al.  The vascular flora of the Tepoš… 19 Original Article The vascular flora of the Tepoš plateau around Pirot city (Eastern Serbia) Branko Jotić, Milica Miljković, Marija Marković, Bojan Zlatković, Vladimir Ranđelović University of Niš, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Department of Biology and Ecology, Višegradska 33, 18000 Niš, Serbia * E-mail: marijam@pmf.ni.ac.rs Abstract: Jotić, B., Miljković, M., Marković, M., Zlatković, B., Ranđelović, V.: The vascular flora of the Tepoš plateau around Pirot city. Biologica Nyssana, 4 (1-2), December 2013: 19-33. The flora of the karst plateau Tepoš, which is the part of Vidlič mountain (eastern Serbia) was studied. Based on the analysis of the collected material and data from the literature, it was noted that the flora of Tepoš plateau is represented by 486 species, distributed in 284 genera and 68 families of vascular plants. The biological spectra was shown. The hemicriptophytic-terophytic character was established by analyzing the presence of plant life forms. By phytogeographical analysis the presence of 25 area types was established. The euroasian florystic chorion with 258 species of eurasian area type is the most abundant, followed by mediterranean-submediterranean (58 species), central-european (47 species), cosmopolitan (27 species) and pontian area type (24 species). In the flora of Tepoš plateau the 9 balkan endemic taxa were recorded, which is 3,14% of total balkan endemic taxa in flora of Serbia. A small number of endemic taxa is expected, considering the low diversity of habitats. Balkan endemic taxa recorded in this area are: Acer hyrcanum subsp. intermedium, Bupleurum flavicans, Crucianella graeca, Eryngium palmatum, Pastinaca hirsuta, Hypericum rumeliacum subsp. rumeliacum, Thymus praecox subsp. jankae, Linaria rubioides subsp. nissana and Viola tricolor subsp. macedonica. Key words: flora, Pirot city, Tepoš plateau Introduction Karst plateau Tepoš (650-690m) is situated in eastern Serbia, 14 km SE of Pirot city, above the Krupac village (Fig. 1). This is the part of Mt. Vidlič, westernmost part of the mountain system Stara planina. The karst plateau is elongated in the southeastern-northwestern direction. In contrast to other regions of mountain system Stara planina, Mt. Vidlič are represented by unique geological structure and climate conditions. The geological structure of the most part of Mt. Vidlič is represented by limestone, while other Serbian parts of Stara planina are built of silicate (V i d a n o v i ć , ed., 1960). The pedological substrate is consisted of reddish soil tiller and mountain soil. The climate is transitional humid continental, between dry climate of Pirot region and wet climate on Mt. Stara planina (V i d a n o v i ć , ed., 1960). Although the flora of this part of Mt. Stara planina was investigated by Pančić (1884) and Adamović (1911), it has not been well known. The Tepoš plateau is not investigated up to now. Material and methods The flora of Tepoš plateau were studies in the period between 2009 and 2011. Herbarium specimens are deposited at the Herbarium Moesiacum, University of Niš (HMN). Determination of plant material was carried out using the keys from the regional flora reference 11 th SFSES • 13-16 June 2013, Vlasina lake 4 (1-2) • December 2013: 19-33 BIOLOGICA NYSSANA 4 (1-2)  December 2013: 19-33 Jotić et al.  The vascular flora of the Tepoš… 20 (J o s i f o v i ć , ed. 1970-1977; В е л ч е в , ed. 1982- 1989). The nomanclature folows Med-Checklist (Greuter et al., 1984-1989) and Flora Europaea (Tutin et al., eds., 1964-1980). For the area types classification Meusel et al. (1965, 1978), Meusel and Jäger (1992) and Stevanović (1992) were used. Life forms were determined according to Mueller-Dombois and Ellenberg (1974) and S t e v a n o v i ć (1992a). Results As a results of the floristic investigations of Tepoš plateau in eastern Serbia, 486 plant taxa belonging to 284 genera and 68 families were recorded (Tab. 1). Figure 1. Geographical position of investigated area Localities: L1 – road from village Krupac to village Visočki Odorovci (500 – 750 m), L2 – ″Kragujevac″ (810 m), L3 – ″Kurjasi vrh″ (934 m), L4 – ″Kočino″ (857 m), L5 – ″Strči krak″ (861 m), L6 – ″Begova rudina″ (651 m) Table 1. List of vascular flora with life forms and area-types Taxa Life form Area type Locality POLYPODIOPSIDA Aspleniaceae Asplenium ruta-muraria L semp Ch herb caesp Hol L5 Asplenium trichomanes L. semp Ch herb semiros Csm L5 Woodsiaceae Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh. fo dec Ch herb semiros Csm L2 MAGNOLIOPSIDA Acanthaceae Acanthus balcanicus Heywood & I.B.K.Richardson a Meg-Alt H scap semiros EAs L2 BIOLOGICA NYSSANA 4 (1-2)  December 2013: 19-33 Jotić et al.  The vascular flora of the Tepoš… 21 Taxa Life form Area type Locality Aceraceae Acer campestre L. fo dec Mes P scap EAs L1 Acer hyrcanum Fischer & C. A. Meyer subsp. intermedium (Pančić) Bornm. fo dec Mes P scap Me L1 Acer monspessulanum L. fo dec Mi-Mes P scap Med L1 Acer platanoides L. fo dec Mes P scap Me L3 Acer pseudoplatanus L. fo dec Mes P scap Me L3 Acer tataricum L. fo dec Mi-Mes P scap EAs L2 Amaranthaceae Amaranthus retroflexus L. a Mes-Alt T scap Adv L1 Anacardiaceae Cotinus coggygria Scop. fo dec Mi P caesp EAs L6 Apiaceae Aegopodium podagraria L. v-a Mes-Meg H scap/G rhiz EAs L1 Bifora radians M. Bieb. a Meg T scap EAs L1 Bupleurum commutatum Boiss. & Bal. a Mac-Meg T scap P L1 Bupleurum flavicans Boiss. & Heldr. a Mi-Mes T scap Med L6 Bupleurum praealtum L. v-a Mi-Mes T scap Med L1 Carum rigidulum (Viv.) Koch ex DC. a Mes H scap EAMt L1 Caucalis platycarpos L. v-a Mes T scap EAs L1 Chaerophyllum temulentum L. a Mes T scap/H bienn EAs L1 Daucus carota L. a Meg T/H scap Hol L1 Eryngium campestre L. v-a Mes-Meg H semiros EAs L6 Eryngium palmatum Pančić et Vis. a Mes-Meg H scap semiros Med L5 Ferulago sylvatica (Besser) Reichenb. a Meg-Alt H scap EAMt L2 Orlaya grandiflora (L.) Hoffm. a Mes T scap EAs L1 Pastinaca hirsuta Pančić a Mes-Meg H scap/T scap bienn EAMt L1 Peucedanum alsaticum L. a-aut Mes-Alt H scap EAs L6 Physocaulis nodosus (L.) Koch a Mes-Meg T scap Med L1 Seseli peucedanoides (Bieb.) Kos. Pol. a Mes-Meg H scap EAs L2 Smyrnium perfoliatum L. a Mes-Meg H scap Med L2 Tordylium maximum L. a Meg T scap Med L1 Torilis leptophylla (L.) Reichenb. a Mes T scap EAs L1 Apocynaceae Vinca herbacea Waldst. et Kit. v-a Mi-Mes Ch suff rept P L6 Araliaceae Hedera helix L. aut fo semp Alt S lig Me L5 Aristolochiaceae Aristolochia pallida Willd. v-a Mes G rad Med L1 Asarum europaeum L. fo semp Ch herb rept EAs L5 Asclepiadaceae Vincetoxicum hirudinaria Medicus a Mes-Alt H scap EAs L2 Asteraceae Achillea clypeolata Sibth. & Sm. a Mes-Meg H scap Med L2 Achillea crithmifolia Waldst. et Kit. a Mes-Meg H scap MSM L5 Achillea millefolium L. a Meg H scap Hol L1 Anthemis arvensis L. a Mes-Mac T scap Med L1 Arctium lappa L. a Mes-Alt H scap bienn EAs L1 Arctium tomentosum Miller a-aut Meg-Alt H scap bienn EAs L6 Artemisia alba Turra aut Meg fo dec Ch suffr caesp EAMt L5 Artemisia vulgaris L. aut Meg-Alt H scap Hol L1 Bellis perennis L. v-a Mi-Mes H ros EAs L1 Carduus acanthoides L. a Mac H scap Me L1 BIOLOGICA NYSSANA 4 (1-2)  December 2013: 19-33 Jotić et al.  The vascular flora of the Tepoš… 22 Taxa Life form Area type Locality Carduus candicans Waldst. et Kit. subsp. globifer (Velen.) Kazmi a Mes-Meg H scap MSM L6 Carduus nutans L. a Mes-Meg H scap Me L1 Carthamus lanatus L. a Mes-Mac T scap EAs L6 Centaurea biebersteinii DC. a Mes-Meg H scap EAs L1 Centaurea calcitrapa L. a Mes-Meg H caesp EAs L1 Centaurea phrygia L. a Mes-Meg H scap Me L3 Centaurea salonitana Vis. a Mac H scap Med L2 Centaurea scabiosa L. a Meg H scap EAs L2 Centaurea solsticialis L. a Alt T scap MSM L1 Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rauschert a Mes-Meg T scap Csm L1 Chondrilla juncea L. a Mes-Meg T scap bienn Med L6 Cichorium intybus L. a Mac H scap Csm L1 Cirsium eriophorum (L.) Scop. a Mes-Alt T/H scap bienn EAMt L1 Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. a Mes-Alt T/H scap bienn EAs L1 Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist a-aut Mes-Alt T scap Adv L1 Crepis biennis L. v-a Mac H scap bienn Me L1 Crepis foetida L. a Mes-Meg T ros EAs L6 Crepis sancta (L.) Babcock v Mi-Mes T scap EAs L6 Doronicum columnae Ten. v Mes-Meg H scap/G rhiz EAMt L2 Echinops ritro L. subsp. ruthenicus (Bieb.) Nyman a-aut Mac-Meg H scap EAs L1 Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers. v-a Mes-Meg T scap Adv L1 Hieracium pilosella L. a Mi-Mes H ros EAs L6 Hieracium praealtum Vill. Ex Gochnat subsp. bauhinii (Besser) Petunnikov a Meg-Alt H scap Me L6 Inula britannica L. a Mes-Meg H scap EAs L1 Inula conyza DC. a Mes-Meg H scap EAs L1 Inula oculus-christi L. a Mes-Meg H scap P L3 Lapsana communis L. a Meg-Alt T scap EAs L1 Leontodon crispus L. a Mi-Mes H ros Med L3 Leontodon hispidus L. a Mi-Mac H ros EAs L2 Leucanthemum vulgare Lam. a Mes-Meg H scap EAs L2 Logfia minima (Sm.) Dumort. a Mi-Mes T scap EAs L6 Onopordum acanthium L. a Meg-Alt H scap bienn EAs L1 Ptilostemon afer (Jacq.) W. Greuter a Mac-Meg H scap bienn Med L1 Pulicaria dysenterica (L.) Bernh. a Mes-Mac H scap EAs L1 Scorzonera hispanica L. a Mac-Meg H scap P L2 Senecio vernalis Waldst. et Kit. v Mes T scap EAs L1 Sonchus asper (L.) Hill a-aut Meg-Alt T scap bienn EAs L1 Tanacetum corymbosum (L.) Schultz Bip. a Meg-Alt H scap EAs L5 Taraxacum officinale Weber v-aut Mes H ros EAs L1 Tragopogon balcanus Velen. a Mes-Meg H scap bienn Med L1 Tragopogon pratensis L. a Mes-Meg H scap EAs L1 Xanthium spinosum L. a Mes-Meg T scap Adv L1 Xanthium strumarium L. a Meg-Alt T scap Csm L1 Xeranthemum annuum L. a Mes-Meg T scap Med L6 Boraginaceae Anchusa barrelieri (All.) Vitman a Mac-Alt H scap bienn EAs L6 Anchusa officinalis L. a Alt H scap bienn EAs L1 Buglossoides arvensis (L.) I. M. Johnston v-a Mes T scap EAs L1 Buglossoides purpurocaerulea (L.) I. M. Johnston v-a Mac H scap EAs L1 Cerinthe minor L. a Mi-Meg H scap bienn EAs L1 Echium italicum L. v-a Mac-Meg H scap bienn Med L1 BIOLOGICA NYSSANA 4 (1-2)  December 2013: 19-33 Jotić et al.  The vascular flora of the Tepoš… 23 Taxa Life form Area type Locality Echium vulgare L. a Mac H scap EAs L1 Heliotropium europaeum L. a Mes-Meg T scap EAs L6 Myosotis arvensis (L.) Hill v-a Mi-Mes T scap Hol L6 Nonea pulla (L.) DC. v-a Mes-Mac H scap bien EAs L3 Pulmonaria officinalis L. v Mes-Mac H scap Me L2 Symphytum tuberosum L. v Mes-Mac H scap/G tub MSM L2 Brassicaceae Alliaria petiolata (Bieb.) Cav. & Grande v-a Mes-Meg T/H scap EAs L1 Alyssum alyssoides (L.) L. v Mi-Mes T scap EAs L1 Alyssum montanum L. v Mi-Mes fo dec Ch suffr rept EAs L1 Alyssum repens Baumg. v Mi-Mes fo dec Ch suffr P L1 Arabis hirsuta (L.) Scop. a Mes-Meg H ros bienn Csm L1 Arabis recta Vill. v Meg H scap bienn EAs L1 Arabis sagittata (Bertol.) DC. a Mes-Meg H ros bienn EAs L1 Arabis turrita L. v-a Meg H scap semiros EAs L1 Berteroa incana (L.) DC. a Mes-Mac T/H scap EAs L1 Calepina irregularis (Asso) Thell. a Mes-Meg T scap EAs L1 Capsella bursa – pastoris (L.) Medicus v-aut Mi-Meg T/H ros bienn Csm L1 Cardamine bulbifera (L.) Crantz v-a Mes-Mac G rhiz EAs L2 Cardamine graeca L. v Mes T scap ros Med L1 Cardamine hirsuta L. a Mi-Mes T scap ros EAs L1 Draba muralis L. v Mi-Meg T scap Csm L1 Erophila verna (L.) Besser v Mi-Mes T ros EAs L2 Erysimum cuspidatum (Bieb.) DC. a Mac T/H ros bienn P L1 Erysimum diffusum Ehrh. a Mes-Meg T/H scap EAs L1 Lepidium campestre (L.) R. Br. a Meg T/H scap bienn EAs L1 Rorippa pyrenaica (Lam.) Reichenb. a Mes-Mac H ros EAs L1 Sinapis arvensis L. v-a Mes-Mac T scap EAs L1 Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop. a Mes-Mec T scap EAs L1 Sysimbrium orientale L. a Meg T scap bienn EAs L1 Syrenia cana (Piller & Mitterp.) Neilr. a Mes T scap ros/H scap ros P L1 Thlaspi alliaceum L. v-a Mes-Meg T semiros Med L1 Thlaspi goesingense Halascy a Mes T scap EAs L1 Thlaspi kovatsii Heuff. a Mes-Alt H scap P L1 Thlaspi perfoliatum L. v Mi-Mes T scap semiros EAs L1 Campanulaceae Asyneuma anthericoides (Janka) Bornm. a Mes-Meg H scap Me L2 Asyneuma canescens (W. et K.) Gris. et Sch. a Mes-Meg H scap EAs L2 Campanula bononiensis L. a Mes-Meg H scap EAs L5 Campanula cervicaria L. a Mes-Meg H scap EAs L3 Campanula patula L. subsp. abietina (Griseb.) Simonkai a Mes-Meg H scap Me L3 Campanula persicifolia L. a Mes-Meg H scap Me L2 Campanula rapunculus L. a Mes-Meg H scap EAs L5 Campanula sparsa Friv. a Mes-Mac T scap Me L5 Caprifoliaceae Lonicera xylosteum L. fo dec Mi P caesp EAs L2 Sambucus ebulus L. a Alt G rad/H scap EAs L1 Sambucus nigra L. fo dec Mi P scap EAs L1 Viburnum lantana L. fo dec N-Mi P caesp EAs L1 Caryophyllaceae Agrostemma githago L. a Meg T scap EAs L6 Arenaria serpyllifolia L. v-a Mi-Mes T scap EAs L1 Cerastium glomeratum Thuill. v-a Mi-Mes T scap Csm L1 BIOLOGICA NYSSANA 4 (1-2)  December 2013: 19-33 Jotić et al.  The vascular flora of the Tepoš… 24 Taxa Life form Area type Locality Cerastium pumilum Curt. a Mes H scap EAs L1 Dianthus diutinus Kit. a Mes-Meg H scap MSM L1 Herniaria incana Lam. a Mi H caesp rept EAs L6 Holosteum umbellatum L. a Mi T scap EAs L1 Lychnis coronaria (L.) Desr. a Mes-Meg H scap EAs L2 Minuartia verna (L.) Hiern. a Mi-Mes H caesp Hol L1 Moenchia mantica (L.) Bartl. a Mes T scap EAs L5 Petrorhagia prolifera (L.) P. W. Ball & Heywood a Mes T scap EAs L6 Petrorhagia saxifraga (L.) Link a Mes-Mac Ch caesp EAs L6 Silene italica (L.) Pers. a Mes-Meg H scap ros Med L2 Silene viridiflora L. a Mes-Meg H scap EAs L2 Silene vulgaris (Moench.) Garcke a Mes-Meg H scap/G rad EAs L1 Stellaria graminea L. a Mes-Mac H scap EAs L2 Stellaria holostea L. a Mes-Mac H scap EAs L1 Stellaria media (L.) Vill. a Mes-Meg H scap rept Csm L1 Celastraceae Evonymus europaeus L. fo dec N-Mi P caesp EAs L2 Evonymus latifolius (L.) Miller fo dec N-Mi P caesp EAs L2 Chenopodiaceae Atriplex patula L. a-aut Mes-Meg T scap Hol L1 Chenopodium album L. a Mes-Meg T scap Csm L1 Cistaceae Fumana procumbens (Dunal) Gren. & Gordon v-a Mi-Mes Ch frut EAs L1 Helianthemum nummularium (L.) Miller a Mes-Meg fo dec Ch suffr caesp EAs L3 Helianthemum salicifolium (L.) Miller v Mi-Mes T scap Med L5 Convolvulaceae Convolvulus arvensis L. a Mes-Alt S herb EAs L1 Convolvulus canthabrica L. a Mes-Meg H scap EAs L6 Cornaceae Cornus mas L. fo dec Mi P caesp EAs L2 Cornus sanguinea L. fo dec Mi-Mes P caesp Me L2 Corylaceae Carpinus betulus L. fo dec Meg-Alt P caesp scap EAs L3 Carpinus orientalis Miller fo dec Mi-Mes P caesp Med L2 Corylus avellana L. fo dec Meg-Alt P caesp EAs L1 Corylus colurna L. fo dec Mes P scap Med L1 Crassulaceae Sedum acre L. a Mi-Mes Ch herb scap succ Me L1 Sedum album L. a Mi-Mes Ch herb scap succ Med L1 Sedum annuum L. a N-Mi Ch herb scap succ AB L1 Sedum hispanicum L. a Mi T/H succ EAs L1 Sedum ochroleucum Chaix. a Mes Ch herb succ Med L1 Sedum sexangulare L. a Mi-Mes Ch herb succ Me L1 Dipsacaceae Dipsacus laciniatus L. a Mes-Alt T scap bienn EAs L1 Knautia integrifolia (L.) Bertol a Mes-Meg T scap Med L2 Knautia macedonica Griseb. a Mes-Meg H scap MSM L2 Scabiosa argentea L. a Mes-Meg H scap P L2 Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia amygdaloides L. a Mes-Mac T scap EAs L2 Euphorbia cyparissias L. v-a Mes-Mac H scap EAs L1 Euphorbia esula L. a Meg-Alt H scap Me L1 Euphorbia esula L. subsp. tommasiniana a Mes-Meg H scap EAs L6 BIOLOGICA NYSSANA 4 (1-2)  December 2013: 19-33 Jotić et al.  The vascular flora of the Tepoš… 25 Taxa Life form Area type Locality (Bertol.) Nyma Euphorbia helioscopia L. a Mi-Meg T scap EAs L1 Euphorbia seguierana Necker subsp. niciciana (Borbás ex Novák) Rech. Fil. a Mes-Meg H scap EAs L1 Fabaceae Anthyllis vulneraria L. a Mes-Meg H scap EAs L1 Astragalus glycyphyllos L. a Mes-Meg H scap rept EAs L2 Astragalus onobrychis L. a Mes fo Ch suffrut rept EAs L1 Chamaecytisus glaber (L. fil.) Rothm. v-a Mes-Meg fo dec Ch frut caesp EAMt L1 Chamaecytisus rochelii (Wierzb.) Rothm. v-a Mes-Meg fo dec Ch frut caesp MSM L2 Chamaespartium sagittale (L.) P. Gibbs a Mes fo dec Ch suffrut caesp EAs L1 Colutea arborescens L. fo dec Mi P caesp EAs L2 Coronilla scorpioides (L.) Koch v Mi-Mes T scap Med L2 Coronilla varia L. a Mes-Meg H scap EAs L2 Cytisus procumbens (Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd.) Sprengel a Mes fo dec Ch suffrut caesp Med L2 Dorycnium pentaphyllum Scop. subsp. germanicum (Gremli) Gams a Mes fo dec Ch suffrut caesp MSM L2 Genista tinctoria L. a Mes-Mac fo dec Ch suffrut caesp EAs L2 Gleditsia triacanthos L. fo dec Mes P scap Adv L1 Lathyrus aphaca L. a Mes T/S herb EAs L1 Lathyrus niger (L.) Bernh. a Mes-Meg H scap Me L2 Lathyrus nissolia L. a Mes-Meg T scap EAs L1 Lathyrus pratensis L. a Mes-Meg H scap EAs L5 Lathyrus tuberosus L. a Meg H scap/G tub EAs L1 Lathyrus venetus (Mill.) Wohlf. a Mes-Meg H scap P L3 Lotus corniculatus L. a Mes H scap Hol L6 Medicago lupulina L. a Mes T/H scap Hol L6 Medicago minima (L.) Bartal v Mi-Mes T scap EAs L6 Medicago rigidula (L.) All. v Mi-Mes T scap EAs L1 Medicago sativa L. a Mes-Meg H scap Adv L1 Medicago sativa L. subsp. falcata (L.) Arcangeli a Mes-Meg H scap EAs L6 Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pallas a Meg T/H scap bienn EAs L1 Onobrychis alba (Waldst. et Kit.) Desv. a Mes-Meg H scap Med L1 Onоnis pusilla L. a-aut Mi-Mes fo dec Ch suffrut caesp EAs L1 Ononis spinosa L. a Mes-Meg fo dec Ch suffrut caesp EAs L1 Robinia pseudoacacia L. fo dec Mes P scap Adv L2 Trifolium alpestre L. a Mes-Mac H scap EAs L2 Trifolium arvense L. a Mes T/H scap bienn EAs L3 Trifolium badium Schreber a Mes-Meg H scap EAMt L3 Trifolium campestre Schreber a Mes-Mac T scap EAs L2 Trifolium incarnatum L. a Mes-Meg T scap EAs L2 Trifolium medium L. v-a Mes-Mac H scap EAs L2 Trifolium montanum L. a Mes H scap EAs L3 Trifolium pratense L. a Mes H scap EAs L1 Trifolium repens L. a Mi H rept Hol L1 Trifolium scabrum L. a Mi-Mes T scap Med L5 Vicia cracca L. a Meg-Alt H/S scap herb EAs L1 Vicia grandiflora Scop. v-a Mes-Mac H scap/SH herb EAs L1 Vicia hirsuta (L.) S. F. Gray a Mes-Meg T/S scap herb EAs L5 BIOLOGICA NYSSANA 4 (1-2)  December 2013: 19-33 Jotić et al.  The vascular flora of the Tepoš… 26 Taxa Life form Area type Locality Vicia lathyroides L. v-a Mes-Meg T scap EAs L2 Vicia pannonica Crantz v-a Mes T/S scap herb P L1 Vicia sativa L. subsp. cordata Wulfen ex Hoppe v-a Mes-Meg T scap bienn EAs L1 Fagaceae Fagus moesiaca (K. Maly) Czecz. fo dec Meg-Alt P scap Me L2 Quercus cerris L. fo dec Mes P scap Med L2 Quercus petraea (Mattuschka) Liebl. fo dec Meg-Alt P scap Me L2 Quercus pubescens Willd. fo dec Mes P scap Med L2 Fumariaceae Corydalis solida L. v Mes G tub Me L2 Gentianaceae Gentiana cruciata L. a Mes-Meg G rad scap EAs L3 Geraniaceae Erodium ciconium (L.) L’Her. v-a Mi-Mes T scap MSM L1 Geranium dissectum L. a Mi-Meg T scap EAs L1 Geranium lucidum L. a Mi-Meg T scap EAs L1 Geranium molle L. v Mes T scap EAs L1 Geranium purpureum Vill. a Mi-Meg T scap Med L5 Geranium pyrenaicum Burm. Fil. a Mes-Meg H scap EAs L2 Geranium sanguineum L. v-a Mes H semiros EAs L1 Hypericaceae Hypericum hirsutum L. a Mes-Meg H scap EAs L1 Hypericum perforatum L. a Mes-Meg H scap EAs L1 Hypericum richeri Vill. a Mes-Meg H scap EAMt L2 Hypericum rumelicum Boiss. a Mi-Mes H scap Med L1 Lamiaceae Acinos alpinus (L.) Moench a Mes T scap/G rhiz EAs L1 Acinos arvensis (Lam.) Dandy a Mi-Mes T scap/G rhiz EAs L6 Ajuga chamaepytus (L.) Shreber subsp. chia (Schreber) Arcangeli a Mi-Mes T scap Med L5 Ajuga genevensis L. v-a Mes-Mac H scap ros EAs L1 Ajuga laxmannii (L.) Bentham v-a Mes H scap/G rhiz P L2 Ballota nigra L. a Meg H scap EAs L1 Clinopodium vulgare L. a Mes-Meg H scap Hol L1 Glechoma hirsuta Waldst. et Kit. a Mes H rept EAs L3 Lamiastrum galeobdolon (L.) Ehrend. & Polatschek v-a Mes-Mac H scap Me L2 Lamium amplexicaule L. v Mi-Mes T scap Hol L1 Lamium maculatum L. v Mes-Mac H scap EAs L1 Lamium purpureum L. v Mi-Mes T scap EAs L1 Marrubium peregrinum L. a Mes-Meg H scap EAs L1 Marrubium vulgare L. a Meg H scap EAs L2 Mentha longifolia (L.) Hudson a Mes-Meg H scap Hol L1 Nepeta nuda L. a Mac-Meg H scap EAs L1 Origanum vulgare L. a Mes-Meg H scap EAs L2 Prunella laciniata (L.) L. a Mes-Mac H scap EAs L3 Prunella vulgaris L. a Mi-Mes H scap semiros EAs L1 Salvia aethiopis L. a Mes-Mac H scap P L1 Salvia austriaca Jacq. a Mes-Mac H scap P L1 Salvia nemorosa L. a Mes-Meg H scap EAs L1 Salvia pratensis L. a Mes-Meg H scap MSM L2 Salvia sclarea L. a Mes-Mac H scap Med L1 Salvia verticillata L. a Mes-Mac H scap EAs L1 Satureja montana L. subsp. kitaibelii (Wierzb.) P.W. Ball a Mes Ch suffrut caesp EAMt L1 BIOLOGICA NYSSANA 4 (1-2)  December 2013: 19-33 Jotić et al.  The vascular flora of the Tepoš… 27 Taxa Life form Area type Locality Scutellaria columnae All. a Mes-Mac H scap Med L1 Scutellaria galericulata L. a Mes-Meg H scap Bor L2 Sideritis montana L. a Mi-Mes T scap EAs L6 Stachys germanica L. a Meg H scap MSM L6 Stachys officinalis (L.) Trevisan a Mes-Meg H scap EAs L3 Stachys recta L. a Mes-Meg H scap EAs L6 Stachys sylvatica L. a Mes-Meg H scap EAs L5 Teucrium chamaedrys L. a Mes Ch suffrut caesp EAs L1 Teucrium montanum L. a Mes Ch suffrut caesp EAMt L1 Thymus glabrescens Willd. a Mi-Mac Ch herb rept EAs L1 Thymus pannonicus All. a Mi-Mac Ch rept Me L1 Thymus praecox Opiz subsp. jankae (Čelak.) Jalas a Mi Ch herb rept pulv Med L1 Linaceae Linum catharticum L. a Mi-Mes T scap EAs L2 Linum hologynum Reichenb. a Mes-Mac H caesp Med L2 Malvaceae Althaea officinalis L. a Meg H scap bienn EAs L5 Hibiscus trionum L. a Mes T scap bien Hol L1 Lavatera thuringiaca L. a Meg-Alt H scap EAs L3 Malva sylvestris L. v-a Mes-Alt H scap EAs L1 Oleaceae Fraxinus excelsior L. fo dec Mes P scap EAs L3 Fraxinus ornus L. fo dec Mi-Mes P scap EAs L2 Ligustrum vulgare L. fo dec Mi P caesp EAs L1 Syringa vulgaris L. fo dec Mi P caesp Med L3 Papaveraceae Papaver dubium L. a Meg T scap EAs L1 Papaver rhoeas L. a Mes-Meg T scap EAs L1 Plantaginaceae Plantago argentea Chaix a Mi-Meg H ros EAMt L6 Plantago lanceolata L. a Mi-Meg H ros EAs L1 Plantago major L. a Mes-Meg H ros Csm L1 Plantago media L. a Mes-Meg H ros EAs L1 Polygalaceae Polygala comosa Schkuhr a Mi-Mes H scap EAs L1 Polygonaceae Rumex acetosa L. a Meg H scap Hol L1 Rumex arifolius All. a Meg H scap P L2 Rumex conglomeratus Murray a Meg H scap Csm L1 Rumex sanguineus L. a Meg H scap Hol L1 Primulaceae Lysimachia nummularia L. a N-Mes Ch herb rept Me L1 Lysimachia vulgaris L. a Mes-Meg H scap EAs L3 Primula veris L. v Mi-Mes H ros EAs L1 Ranunculaceae Adonis aestivalis L. a Mes-Mac T scap EAs L1 Adonis vernalis L. v Mes-Meg G rhiz P L1 Anemone ranunculoides L. v Mi-Mes G rhiz Me L5 Clematis integrifolia L. v Mes-Meg G rhiz scap P L2 Clematis vitalba L. a dec S lig EAs L1 Consolida regalis S. F. Gray a Mes-Meg T scap EAs L1 Delphinium fissum Waldst. et Kit. a Meg-Alt G tub Med L3 Helleborus odorus Waldts. & Kit. v Meg G rhiz Me L1 Isopyrum thalictroides L. v Mes G rhiz EAs L2 BIOLOGICA NYSSANA 4 (1-2)  December 2013: 19-33 Jotić et al.  The vascular flora of the Tepoš… 28 Taxa Life form Area type Locality Nigella arvensis L. a-aut Mes T scap EAs L1 Ranunculus bulbosus L. a Mes-Meg H scap EAs L2 Ranunculus ficaria L. v Mi-Mes G tub Me L1 Ranunculus millefoliatus Wahl. v-a Mes H scap semiros Med L2 Thlalictrum minus L. a Meg-Alt H scap EAs L5 Resedaceae Reseda lutea L. a Mes-Meg T/H scap bienn EAs L1 Rosaceae Agrimonia eupatoria Ledeb. a Meg H scap EAs L1 Aremonia agrimonioides (L.) Neck. v Mi-Mes H scap ros EAMt L2 Crataegus monogyna Jacq. fo dec Mi P caesp EAs L1 Cydonia oblonga Mill. fo dec NP caesp Adv L1 Filipendula vulgaris Moench a Mes-Meg H scap EAs L1 Fragaria vesca L. a Mes H rept Csm L1 Fragaria viridis Duchesne a Mes H rept EAs L1 Geum urbanum L. a Mes-Meg H scap Hol L1 Malus pumila Miller fo dec Mi-Mes P scap P L1 Potentilla argentea L. a Mes-Meg H scap Me L1 Potentilla cinerea Chaix ex Vill. v Mi-Mes H caesp rept EAs L1 Potentilla micrantha Ramond ex D.C. v Mi-Mes H scap Med L2 Potentilla recta L. a Mes-Meg H scap EAs L2 Prunus avium L. fo dec Mes P scap EAs L2 Prunus spinosa L. fo dec N P caesp EAs L1 Pyrus amygdaliformis Vill. fo dec N P caesp Med L1 Pyrus pyraster Burgsd. fo dec Mes P scap EAs L1 Rosa canina L. fo dec N P caesp EAs L1 Rosa micrantha Borrer ex Sm. fo dec N P caesp EAs L1 Rubus caesius L. fo dec NP rept EAs L1 Rubus canescens DC. fo dec NP rept EAs L1 Sanguisorba minor Scop. a Mes-Meg H scap EAs L1 Sorbus aria (L.) Crantz fo dec Mes P scap Me L3 Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz fo dec Mes P scap EAs L2 Rubiaceae Asperula cynanchica L. v-a Mes-Mac H scap EAs L1 Asperula taurina L. v-a Mes-Mac H scap EAs L5 Crucianella angustifolia L. a Mi-Mes T scap Med L1 Crucianella graeca Boiss. a Mi-Mes T scap Med L1 Cruciata glabra (L.) Ehrend. v-a Mi-Mes H scap EAs L1 Cruciata laevipes Opiz v-a Mes-Mac H scap EAs L1 Galium album Miller a Meg-Alt H/S scap herb Me L1 Galium aparine L. v-a Mes-Meg T/S herb Csm L1 Galium sylvaticum L. a Mes-Mac H scap/G rhiz scap Me L2 Galium verticillatum Danth. v-a M-Mes T scap Med L1 Galium verum L. a Mes-Meg H scap EAs L1 Sherardia arvensis L. v-a Mi-Mes T scap Med L1 Rutaceae Dictamnus albus L. v-a Mes-Alt Ch suffrut caesp EAs L2 Salicaceae Populus tremula L. fo dec Mes P scap EAs L1 Santalaceae Thesium alpinum L. a Mes-Mac H scap EAMt L6 Saxifragaceae Saxifraga tridactylites L. v-a Mi T ros Me L1 Scrophullariaceae BIOLOGICA NYSSANA 4 (1-2)  December 2013: 19-33 Jotić et al.  The vascular flora of the Tepoš… 29 Taxa Life form Area type Locality Digitalis grandiflora Miller a Mac-Alt H scap EAs L5 Digitalis lanata Ehrh. a Mac-Alt H scap Me L6 Euphrasia pectinata Ten. a Mi-Mes T scap/ep Semipar EAs L1 Euphrasia salisburgensis Funck a Mi-Mes T scap/ep Semipar EAMt L1 Kickxia elatine (L.) Dumort. a Mes T rept EAs L1 Lathraea squamarria L. a Mes-Meg G Par EAs L2 Linaria rubioides Vis. & Pančić subsp. nissana (Petrović) Niketić & Tomović a Mes H scap Med L5 Linaria vulgaris L. a Mes-Mac H scap EAs L1 Melampyrum arvense L. a Mes-Mac T scap/ep Semipar EAs L2 Melampyrum cristatum L. a Mes-Meg T scap/ep Semipar EAs L2 Rhinanthus angustifolius C. C. Gmelin a Mi-Mac T scap/ep Semipar Me L2 Rhinanthus rumelicus Velen. a Mi-Mac T scap/ep Semipar EAs L2 Verbascum densiflorum Bertol. a Mac-Alt T scap ros bienn EAs L6 Verbascum lychnitis L. a Mac-Alt T/H scap ros bienn EAs L1 Verbascum phlomoides L. v-a Mes-Alt H ros EAs L6 Verbascum phoeniceum L. v-a Mac-Meg H ros EAs L6 Veronica arvensis L. a Mes-Mac T scap EAs L1 Veronica austriaca L. a Mes-Mac H scap EAs L2 Veronica beccabunga L. a Mes-Mac H scap EAs L1 Veronica chamaedrys L. v-a Mi-Mes H scap EAs L2 Veronica hederifolia L. v Mi-Mes T scap EAs L1 Simaroubiaceae Ailanthus altissima (Miller) Svingle fo dec Mes P scap Adv L6 Solanaceae Datura stramonium L. a-aut Meg-Alt T scap Hol L1 Hyascyamus niger L. v-a Mes-Meg T scap bienn EAs L1 Lycium barbarum L. fo dec NP caesp Med L1 Solanum dulcamara L. a Meg-Alt S lig EAs L1 Solanum nigrum L. a-aut Mes-Meg T scap Hol L1 Staphyleaceae Staphylea pinnata L. fo dec Mi P caesp/Mi P scap Me L1 Tiliaceae Tilia tomentosa Moench fo dec Mes P scap Med L3 Urticaceae Urtica dioica L. a Mes-Meg T/H scap Hol L1 Valerianaceae Valeriana officinalis L. a Meg-Alt H scap EAs L2 Valerianella locusta (L.) Laterrade v Mes T scap Csm L1 Valerianella rimosa Bast. v Mes T scap EAs L1 Verbenaceae Verbena officinalis L. a Mes-Meg H scap EAs L1 Violaceae Viola alba Besser v Mi-Mes H rept semiros EAs L2 Viola arvensis Murray v-aut Mi-Mac T scap Csm L1 Viola jordanii Hanry v Mes H scap ros P L1 Viola kitaibeliana Schultes v N-Mi T scap EAs L6 Viola odorata L. v Mi-Mes H rept ros EAs L1 Viola tricolor L. subsp. macedonica (Boiss. & Heldr.) A. Schmidt v Mi-Mes T/H scap Med L1 LILIOPSIDA Araceae Arum maculatum L. v Mes-Meg G rhiz Me L6 BIOLOGICA NYSSANA 4 (1-2)  December 2013: 19-33 Jotić et al.  The vascular flora of the Tepoš… 30 Taxa Life form Area type Locality Cyperaceae Carex caryophyllea Latourr. a Mes-Meg H caesp EAs L1 Eleocharis palustris (L.) Roem. & Schult. a Mes-Meg emer Hyd G rhiz Csm L1 Dioscoreaceae Tamus communis L. v Alt S/G herb rhiz Med L3 Iridaceae Gladiolus illyricus W. D. J. Koch a Mes-Meg G tub scap Med L5 Iris graminea L. v-a Mes-Mac G rhiz EAs L1 Juncaceae Juncus effusus L. a Mes-Meg G rhiz caesp Csm L1 Luzula campestris (L.) DC. v Mes-Meg H caesp Csm L1 Liliaceae Allium albidum Fischer ex Bieb. a Mes G bulb P L6 Allium flavum L. a Mes-Mac G bulb MSM L1 Allium scorodoprasum (L.) subsp. rotundum (L.) Stearn a Mes-Meg G bulb EAs L6 Anthericum ramosum L. a Mes-Meg G rhiz EAs L2 Asparagus officinalis L. a Meg-Alt G rhiz P L6 Asparagus tenuifolius Lam. a Meg-Alt G rhiz EAs L3 Colchicum autumnale L. aut Mes G bulb EAs L6 Erythronium dens – canis L. v Mes G bulb EAs L2 Lilium martagon L. a Meg-Alt G bulb Me L2 Muscari comosum (L.) Miller v Mes G bulb EAs L2 Muscari neglectum Guss. Ex Ten. v Mes G bulb EAs L1 Muscari tenuiflorum Tausch v Mes G bulb P L1 Ornithogalum ortophyllum Ten. subsp. kochii (Parl.) Zahar. v Mi-Mes G bulb EAs L1 Ornithogalum pyramidale L. v Mi-Mes G bulb EAs L1 Polygonatum odoratum (Miller) Druce a Mes-Meg G rhiz EAs L2 Veratrum nigrum L. a Meg-Alt G rhiz EAs L5 Orchidaceae Cephalanthera damasonium (Miller) Druce a Mes-Mac G tub scap EAs L1 Epipactis atrorubens (Hoffm.) Besser a Mes G tub scap P L5 Epipactis helleborine (L.) Crantz a Mes G tub scap EAs L2 Epipactis microphylla (Ehrh.) Swartz a Mes G rhiz scap P L2 Himantoglossum hircinum (L.) Sprengel v-a Mac-Meg G tub Med L1 Limodorum abortivum (L.) Swartz a Mes-Meg G rhiz scap P L2 Neottia nidus-avis (L.) L. C. M. Richard a Mes-Mac Sapr G rhiz EAs L2 Ophrys apifera Hudson a Mes G tub scap EAs L6 Ophrys cornuta Steven a Mes G tub scap EAs L6 Orchis morio L. v-a Mes G tub scap EAs L6 Orchis purpurea Hudson v-a Mac-Meg G tub Med L6 Platanthera chlorantha (Custer) Reichenb. a Mes G tub scap EAs L1 Poaceae Aegilops geniculata Roth. a Mi-Mes T caesp Med L1 Alopecurus pratensis L. a Mes-Meg H caesp EAs L1 Antoxanthum odoratum L. a Mes-Meg H caesp EAs L1 Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) Beauv. Ex J. & C. Presl a Mes-Alt H caesp EAs L1 Avena versicolor Vill. a Meg H scap EAMt L6 Brachypodium pinnatum (L.) Beauv. a Mac-Alt H caesp EAs L1 Brachypodium sylvaticum (Hudson) Beauv. a Mac-Alt H caesp EAs L2 Briza media L. a Mes-Meg H caesp Me L1 Bromus racemosus L. a Mes-Meg T caesp Me L6 Bromus sterilis L. a Mes-Meg T caesp EAs L6 BIOLOGICA NYSSANA 4 (1-2)  December 2013: 19-33 Jotić et al.  The vascular flora of the Tepoš… 31 Taxa Life form Area type Locality Chrysopogon gryllus (L.) Trin. a Alt H caesp EAs L1 Dactylis glomerata L. a Meg H caesp EAs L1 Danthonia alpina Vest a Mes-Meg H caesp EAMt L6 Dasypyrum villosum R. Br. Ex Fresen. a Mes-Meg T caesp Med L1 Dichanthium ischaemum (L.)Roberty a Mes-Meg H caesp EAs L6 Elymus repens (L.) Gould a Mes-Meg G rhiz caesp Csm L1 Festuca valesiaca Schleicher ex Gaudin a Mes-Mac H caesp EAs L6 Holcus lanatus L. a Mes-Mac H caesp EAs L6 Hordeum murinum L. subsp. leporinum (Link) Arcangeli a Mes T caesp Med L1 Koeleria glaucovirens Domin a Mes-Meg H caesp Med L6 Koeleria nitidula Velen. a Mes-Meg H caesp Med L6 Melica ciliata L. a Mes-Meg H caesp EAs L6 Melica transsilvanica Schur a Mes-Meg H caesp P L6 Melica uniflora Retz. a Mes-Mac H caesp Me L2 Phleum pratense L. a Mes-Alt H caesp Me L1 Poa annua L. a-aut Mi-Mes T/H caesp Csm L1 Poa bulbosa L. a Mes-Meg H caesp EAs L1 Poa compressa L a Mes-Mac H caesp Csm L1 Poa nemoralis L. a Mes-Meg H caesp Hol L2 Poa pratensis L. a Mes-Meg H scap EAs L1 Setaria italica (L.) Beauv. a Mes-Meg T scap Hol L1 Setaria pumila (Poiret) Roem. & Schultes a Mes-Meg T caesp Csm L1 Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv. a Mes-Mac H caesp EAs L1 Stipa capillata L. a Mac-Meg H caesp EAs L1 Trisetum flavescens (L.) Beauv. a Mes-Meg H caesp EAMt L1 Potamogetonaceae Potamogeton obtusifolius Mert. & Koch a rad sbm Hyd T Hol L1 Typhaceae Typha latifolia L. a Alt emer Hyd G rhiz Csm Disscusion Taxonomic analysis Divisio Pteridophyta was represented by single class Polypodiopsida with only 3 species. Divisio Magnoliophyta was represented by 481 species, from which 408 are classified as dicotyledons (Magnoliopsida) and 73 as monocotyledons (Liliopsida). In taxonomic spectrum of the flora of investigated area the most numerous in genera were Asteraceae (34), Poaceae (24), Lamiaceae (19), Fabaceae (18), Apiaceae (17), Brassicaceae (16). Families with the most number of species were Asteraceae (55), Fabaceae (46), Lamiaceae (38) and Poaceae (35). The analysis of the particular genera occurrence in flora of the Tepoš plateau has shown domination of representatives of genera Trifolium (10), following by the genuses Acer, Campanula, Centaurea, Euphorbia, Geranium, Lathyrus, Salvia, Sedum, Vicia and Viola with 6 species in each genus. Phytogeographical analisys For the phytogeographical analysis, all plant taxa were classified into 25 area types (Fig. 3) according to the classification by S t e v a n o v i ć (1992). Eurasian area type (EAs) was the most dominant in the flora of Tepoš plateau with 258 taxa (56%). The second one was Mediterranean- Submediterranean area type (Med) with 58 species (12 %). There were 9 Balcan endemic taxa in the flora of the Tepoš plateau. These represents 3,14% of the total number of Balkan endemics in Serbian flora, which includes 287 taxa in rank of species and subspecies (S t e v a n o v i ć e t a l , 1999). Small number of endemics are expected due to uniformity of habitats in the wider area of Tepoš plateau. The recorded Balkan endemics are: Acanthus balcanicus, Acer hyrcanum subsp. intermedium, Bupleurum flavicans, Eryngium palmatum, Pastinaca hirsuta, Hypericum rumeliacum, Thymus BIOLOGICA NYSSANA 4 (1-2)  December 2013: 19-33 Jotić et al.  The vascular flora of the Tepoš… 32 praecox subsp. jankae, Linaria rubioides subsp. nissana, Viola tricolor subsp. macedonica. Me 10% Med 12% P 5% Hol 5% Csm 6% Adv 2% EAm 3% EAs 57% MSM 4% AB 0% Figure 2. Area spectrum of the flora of Vučje hill: Csm – Cosmopolitan, Hol – Holarctic, AB – Arcto- Alpian + Boreal, Me – Middle-European, EAs – Euroasian, EAMt – Euroasian Mountain, P – Pontic, MSM – Merridional-Submerridional, Med – Mediterranean-Submediterranean, Adv - Adventitious Biological spectrum The analysis of plant life forms (Fig. 2) showed that flora of investigated area was of hemicryptophyta type, as well as the flora of Serbia (Diklić, 1984) and Balkan penninsula (Turill, 1929). The hemicryptophytes were represented with 45%; therophytes followed with 27% and geophytes with 11%. The climatics characteristics of this area caused the high percentage of hemicryptophyta. H 45% G 11% Hyd 1% T 27% P 9% Ch 7% Figure 3. Biological spectrum of the flora of Tepoš plateau: P – Phanerophyta, Ch – Chamaephyta, H – Hemycryptophyta, G – Geophyta, T – Terophyta, Hyd- Hydrophyta Conclusion As a results of the floristic investigations of the Tepoš plateau between 2009 and 2011, 486 plant taxa belonging to 284 genera and 68 plant families were recorded. The flora of Tepoš plateau has similar taxonomic characters as the Serbian and European flora. Phytegeographical analysis showed that the species of Eurasian area type are the most abundant ones. There were 9 endemic taxa in the flora of investigated area. The hemicriptophytic character of flora with significant contribution of therophytes and geophytes, is established by analyzing the presence of plant life forms. Although the flora of this region is studied in detail, the expected number of taxons of karst plateau Tepoš must be higher, presenting a base for a future studies in this area. Acknowledgements. 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