ANTICANCER COMPOUNDS FROM MEDICINAL PLANTS BIOLOGICA NYSSANA 2 (2)  December 2011: 00-00 Ljupković R.B. et al..  Removal Cu(II) ions from water... 91 Original Article Basidiomycetes of Temska village area (Eastern Serbia, Mt Stara Planina) Dušan Sadiković 1*, Eleonora Čapelja 2 , Marko Dašić 3 1 Mycological society of Niš, Somborska 81 A/9, 18000 Niš, Serbia 2 University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Siences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia 3 Svetosavska 38, 19370 Boljevac, Serbia *E-mail: dusan.sadikovic@gmail.com Abstract: Sadiković, D., Čapelja, E., Dašić, M.: Basidiomycetes of Temska village area (Eastern Serbia, Mt Stara Planina). Biologica Nyssana, 3 (2), December 2012: 91-96. As a result of mycological research, a total of 110 species belonging to 45 genera, 27 families were recorded in the Temska village area. The examination of ecological-trophic structure showed that the most numerous were the mycorrhizal fungi. Of all identified species 19 are protected by the national law and 16 are included in the preliminary national Red List. Key words: Endangered, Macrofungi , Red List. Introduction The village of Temska (43° 15' 38" N, 22° 32' 39" E) is situated in the South-Western foothill of the mountain Stara Planina, at an altitude of about 500 m (Fig. 1). It is surrounded by the Temska gorge, Krušavica, Temačko Brdo, Kulišta and Ravna hills. The area has a temperate continental climate. Mean annual temperature is 9°C, with the amountof precipitation ranging from 500mm to 1000mm per year (D u c i ć et al., 2005). Alluvial deposits can be found in this area. Rendzina soil type was developed on marlstone and limestone geological ground (A n đ e l k o v i ć 1958). Although an overview of mycromycete fungi for Stara Planina Mt. was given by I v a n c e v i c & B e r o n j a (2004), this is the first paper focusing on Basidio- mycetes of the area surrounding Temska village. Materials and methods Fungal specimens were being collected in the period between 2010. and 2012. in spring, summer and autumn. Endangered and protected species were not collected and were identified on the spot. A large proportion of fungal basidiocarps were collected at the altitudes between 500 and 1100 m in the oak forest belt (Quercus cerris L., Q. frainetto Ten., Q. petraea (Mattuschka) Liebl., Q. pubescens Willd.), also inhabited by some other wood species such as Betula pendula Roth, Fraxinus excelsior L., F. ornus L., Crataegus monogyna Jacq., Acer campestre L., A. pseudoplatanus L., A. tataricum L., etc. Also a number of species was collected from a belt of coniferous forest, consisting mainly of planted Pinus nigra J.F.Arnold trees. The fungi were identified on the basis of macroscopic and microscopic morphological characteristics and specific chemical reactions of fruiting bodies according to specific identification keys: (B o ž a c 1978; F o h t 1986; B r e i t e n b a c h & K r ä n z l i n 1995; M a c a et al., 1995; M c K n i g h t et al., 1998; J o r d a n 2004; U z e l a c 2009). Author citations for each taxon are abbreviated according to the Index Fungorum (2013). 3 (2) • Decemer 2012: 91-96 BIOLOGICA NYSSANA 2 (2)  December 2011: 91-96 Sadiković D. et al.  Basidiomycetes of Temska village area... 92 Table 1. List of mycromycete fungi with preferred habitat type and substrate Taxa Habitat Life form AGARICALES Agaricaceae Agaricus bitorquis (Quél.) Sacc. Edge of broadleaf forest Saprophytic Agaricus campestris var. campestris L. Meadow Saprophytic Agaricus macrosporus (F.H. Moller & Jul. Schaeff.) Pilat Meadow Saprophytic Agarius nivescens (F.H. Møller) F.H. Møller Meadow Saprophytic Agaricus moelleri Wasser. Broadleaf forest Saprophytic Agaricus silvaticus Schaeff. Edge of broadleaf forest Saprophytic Lepiota castanea Quél. Mixed broadleaf forest Saprophytic Macrolepiota procera (Scop.) Singer Meadow; edge of the forest Saprophytic Macrolepiota rhacodes (Vittad.) Singer Meadow; edge of the forest Saprophytic Amanitaceae Amanita caesarea (Scop.) Pers. Edge of broadleaf forest Mycorrhizal Amanita fulva (Schaeff.) Fr. Broadleaf forest Mycorrhizal Amanita lividopallescens (Secr. ex Boud.) Kühner & Romagn. Mixed broadleaf forest Mycorrhizal Amanita pantherina (DC.) Krombh. Broadleaf forest Mycorrhizal Amanita phalloides (Vaill. ex Fr.) Broadleaf forest Mycorrhizal Amanita rubescens Pers. Mixed broadleaf forest Mycorrhizal Amanita vaginata (Bull.) Fr. Broadleaf forest Mycorrhizal Amanita vaginata var. alba (Sacc.) Romagn. Broadleaf forest Mycorrhizal Amanita virosa (Fr.) Bertill Mixed forest Mycorrhizal Coprinaceae Coprinus niveus (Pers.) Meadow; tilled fields Saprophytic Coprinus comatus (O.F. Müll.) Pers. Tilled fields Saprophytic Figure 1. Geographical position of investigated area based on Google Earth satellite image BIOLOGICA NYSSANA 3 (2)  December 2012: 91-96 Sadiković D. et al.  Basidiomycetes of Temska village area.. 93 Taxa Habitat Life form Coprinus micaceus (Bull.) Fr. Tilled fields Saprophytic Panaeolus acuminatus (Schaeff.) Edge of the forest Saprophytic Hygrophoraceae Hygrocybe conica (Schaeff.) Quél. Meadow; edge of the forest Saprophytic Marasmiaceae Marasmius oreades (Bolton) Fr. Meadow; edge of the forest Saprophytic Marasmius rotula (Scop.) Fr. Meadow Saprophytic Marasmius torquescens Quél. Broadleaf forest Saprophytic Omphalotus olearius (DC.) Singer Broadleaf forest Saprophytic Mycenaceae Mycena renati Quél. Mixed forest Saprophytic Mycena vitilis (Fr.) Quél. Mixed forest Saprophytic Pleurotaceae Pleurotus eryngii (DC.) Quél. Broadleaf forest Parasitic Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kumm. Broadleaf forest Parasitic/ Saprophytic Pluteaceae Pluteus cervinus (Schaeff.) P. Kumm. Edge of broadleaf forest Saprophytic Pluteus salicinus (Pers.) P. Kumm. Broadleaf forest Saprophytic Schizophyllaceae Schizophyllum commune Fr. Mixed forest Parasitic Strophariaceae Pholiota highlandensis Quadr. & Lunghini Meadow Saprophytic Tricholomataceae Clitocybe odora (Bull.:Fr.) Kummer Broadleaf forest Saprophytic Leucopaxillus giganteus (Quél.) Singer Broadleaf forest Saprophytic Oudemansiella radicata (Relhan) Singer Mixed broadleaf forest Saprophytic Rugosomyces ionides (Bull.) Bon Broadleaf forest Saprophytic Tricholoma fulvum (Fr.) Bigeard & H. Guill Mixed broadleaf forest Mycorrhizal AURICULARIALES Auriculariaceae Auricularia auricula–judae (Bull.) Quél. Mixed broadleaf forest Saprophytic Auricularia mesenterica (Dicks.) Pers. Edge of the forest Saprophytic BOLETALES Boletaceae Boletus aestivalis (Paulet) Fr. Broadleaf forest Mycorrhizal Boletus aereus Secr. Mixed broadleaf forest Mycorrhizal Boletus chrysenteron (Bull.) Edge of broadleaf forest Mycorrhizal Boletus calopus Pers. Broadleaf forest Mycorrhizal Boletus edulis (Bull.) Broadleaf forest Mycorrhizal Boletus luridus (Schaeff.) Meadow;edge of the forest; Mycorrhizal Boletus luridiformis (Rostk.) Meadow; edge of the forest; Mycorrhizal Boletus rubellus (Krombh.) Broadleaf forest Mycorrhizal Boletus satanas Rostk. Edge of broadleaf forest Mycorrhizal Boletus subtomentosus J.F. Gmel. Broadleaf forest Mycorrhizal Leccinum carpini (R. Schulz) M.M. Moser ex D.A. Reid Mixed broadleaf forest Mycorrhizal Leccinum scabrum (Bull.) Gray Mixed broadleaf forest Mycorrhizal Leccinum variicolor Watling Mixed broadleaf forest Mycorrhizal Xerocomus porosporus (Imler ex Bon & G. Moreno) Contu Mixed forest Mycorrhizal BIOLOGICA NYSSANA 3 (2)  December 2012: 91-96 Sadiković D. et al.  Basidiomycetes of Temska village area... 94 Taxa Habitat Life form Xerocomus chrysenteron (Bull.) Quélet. Mixed forest Mycorrhizal Suillaceae Suillus granulatus (L.) Roussel Coniferous forest Mycorrhizal Suillus luteus (L.) Roussel Coniferous forest Mycorrhizal CANTHARELLALES Cantharellaceae Craterellus cornucopioides (Pers.) Broadleaf forest Saprophytic Cantharellus cibarius Fr. Broadleaf forest Saprophytic Cantharellus cinereus (Pers.) Fr. Broadleaf forest Saprophytic DACRYMYCETALES Dacrymycetaceae Ditiola peziziformis (Lév.) D.A. Reid Broadleaf forest Saprophytic LYCOPERDALES Lycoperdonaceae Calvatia excipuliformis (Scop.) Perdeck Mixed broadleaf forest Saprophytic Lycoperdon echinatum Schumach. Broadleaf forest Saprophytic Lycoperdon mammiforme Pers. Mixed broadleaf forest Saprophytic Lycoperdon perlatum Pers. Mixed Broadleaf forest Saprophytic GEASTRALES Geastraceae Geastrum fornicatum (Huds.) Hook. Mixed broadleaf forest Saprophytic PHALLALES Gomphaceae Ramaria eumorpha (P. Karst.) Corner Mixed broadleaf forest Mycorrhizal Ramaria fennica (P. Karst.) Ricken Mixed broadleaf forest Mycorrhizal Phallaceae Phallus hadriani Vent. Edge of broadleaf forest Saprophytic POLYPORALES Fomitopsidaceae Postia stiptica (Pers.) Jülich Mixed forest Saprophytic Ganodermataceae Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis) P. Karst Broadleaf forest Parasitic/ Saprophytic Ganoderma resinaceum Boud. Broadleaf forest Parasitic / Saprophytic Polyporaceae Daedalea quercina (L.) Pers. Broadleaf forest Saprophytic Fomes fomentarius (L.) Fr. Broadleaf forest Parasitic Polyporus badius Jungh. Broadleaf forest Saprophytic Polyporus leptocephalus (Jacq.) Fr. Broadleaf forest Parasitic/ Saprophytic Polyporus squamosus (Huds.) Fr. Broadleaf forest Parasitic/ Saprophytic Trametes gibbosa (Pers.) Fr. Mixed broadleaf forest Saprophytic Trametes hirsuta (Wulfen) Lloyd Broadleaf forest Saprophytic Trametes versicolor (L.) Lloyd Broadleaf forest Saprophytic Flammulina velutipes (Curtis) Singer Broadleaf forest Saprophytic RUSSULALES Auriscalpiaceae Auriscalpium vulgare Gray. Coniferous forest Saprophytic Russulaceae Lactarius aurantiofulvus J. Blum ex Bon Meadow;edge of the forest Mycorrhizal BIOLOGICA NYSSANA 3 (2)  December 2012: 91-96 Sadiković D. et al.  Basidiomycetes of Temska village area.. 95 Results The total of 110 basidiomycetes were identified during the mycological investigation of the area surrounding Temska village. These species of fungi belong to 45 genera, 27 families and 11 orders and are listed in the Table 1 (Table 1. List of mycromycete fungi with preferred habitat type and substrate). Discussion Taxonomic analysis Mycological survey of the area surrounding the village Temska has resulted in a total of 110 fungi species belonging to 45 genera, 27 families and 11 orders. The families with the highest species diversity are: Russulaceae (24 species or 21.82 % of total species number), Boletaceae (15 species or 16.64 %), Agaricaceae (9 species or 8.19 %) and Amanitaceae (9 species or 8.19 %). Regarding the species diversity, the richest genera are: Russula (16 species), Boletus (10 species) and Lactarius (8 species). Myc 48% Sap 43% Par 4% Par/Sap 5% Figure 2. The proportion of groups in fungal species (Myc - Mycorrhizal fungi, Sap - Saprophytic fungi, Par/Sap - Fungi with parasitic and/or saprophytic ecology, Par – Parasitic fungi) Ecological-trophic structure Four trophic groups of fungi were found in the plant communities of the Temska village area. Analysis of the data presented showed that Taxa Habitat Life form Lactarius deliciosus (L.) Gray Broadleaf forest Mycorrhizal Lactarius evosmus Kuhner & Romagnesi Mixed Broadleaf forest Mycorrhizal Lactarius fulvissimus (Romagn.) Broadleaf forest Mycorrhizal Lactarius piperatus (L.) Pers. Broadleaf forest Mycorrhizal Lactarius tabidus Fr. Edge of broadleaf forest Mycorrhizal Lactarius vellereus (Fr.) Fr. Broadleaf forest Mycorrhizal Lactarius zonarius (Bull.) Meadow; edge of the forest Mycorrhizal Russula aeruginea Lindbl. ex Fr. Edge of broadleaf forest Mycorrhizal Russula chloroides (Krombholz) Bresadola Broadleaf forest Mycorrhizal Russula cyanoxantha (Schaeff.) Fr. Broadleaf forest Mycorrhizal Russula emetica (Schaeff.) Pers. Broadleaf forest Mycorrhizal Russula fellea (Fr.) Fr. Broadleaf forest Mycorrhizal Russula fragilis var. fallax (Schaeff.) Massee Edge of broadleaf forest Mycorrhizal Russula grisea Fr. Broadleaf forest Mycorrhizal Russula heterophylla (Fr.) Fr. Broadleaf forest Mycorrhizal Russula lepida Fr. Broadleaf forest Mycorrhizal Russula mairei (Singer) Broadleaf forest Mycorrhizal Russula melliolens Quél. Broadleaf forest Mycorrhizal Russula nigricans Fr. Broadleaf forest Mycorrhizal Russula sanguinea Fr. Broadleaf forest Mycorrhizal Russula turci Bres. Broadleaf forest Mycorrhizal Russula vesca Fr. Broadleaf forest Mycorrhizal Russula virescens (Schaeff.) Fr. Broadleaf forest Mycorrhizal Stereaceae Stereum hirsutum (Willd.) Pers. Mixed forest Parasitic THELEPHORALES Bankeraceae Sarcodon imbricatus (L.) P. Karst. Broadleaf forest Mycorrhizal BIOLOGICA NYSSANA 3 (2)  December 2012: 91-96 Sadiković D. et al.  Basidiomycetes of Temska village area... 96 mycorrhizal fungi represent the highest number of species (48 % of total species number), followed by saprophytic fungi (43 %), fungi with parasitic and/or saprophytic ecology (5 %) and parasitic fungi (4 %) (Fig. 2). Protected and endangered fungal species 16 of the species recorded in this area are included in the preliminary national Red List (Ivancevic 1998) : Agaricus macrosporous, Amanita cesarea, Hygrocybe conica, Mycena renati, Pluteus salicinus, Leucopaxillus giganteus, Boletus aereus, Boletus satanas, Xerocomus porosporus, Cantharellus cinereus, Geastrum fornicatum, Phallus hadriani, Ganoderma resinaceum, Polyporus badius, Lactarius zonarius, Sarcodon imbracatus. By the Nature Conservation Law (2009) and Regulation on the proclamation and protection of strictly protected and protected wild species of plants, animals and fungi (2010), 4 of recorded species are marked as strictly protected: Leucopaxillus giganteus, Boletus satanas, Geastrum fornicatum and Phallus hadriani. The following 10 species are listed as protected: Amanita cesarea, Marasmius oreades, Boletus areus, B. edulis, Craterellus cornucopioides, Cantharellus cibarius, C. cinereus, Lactarius deliciosus, Russula cyanoxanta, R. virescens (Ivancevic et al., 2012). Conclusion Fungi are essential parts of ecosystems and should be conserved alongside their habitats (Ing 1993). In order to establish the actual fungal diversity in the Temska area, more extensive, purposeful and systematic mycological surveys are needed. In the course of these studies, numerous new records both for Stara Planina mountain and the Temska area are expected. Acknowledgments. 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