Matejić et al. 2021, Biologica Nyssana 12(2) 12 (2) December 2021: 87-111 DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5759846 Frequency of herbal medicinal products use in Southeastern Serbia Original Article Matejić Jelena University of Niš, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Bulevar Dr Zorana Đinđića 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia jekamatejic@gmail.com (corresponding author) Pavlović Dragana University of Niš, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Bulevar Dr Zorana Đinđića 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia Stefanović Nikola University of Niš, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Bulevar Dr Zorana Đinđića 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia Stojanović Milica University of Niš, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Bulevar Dr Zorana Đinđića 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia Žarković Lazar University of Belgrade - Faculty of Biology, Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden “Jevremovac”, Studentski Trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia Marin Petar University of Belgrade - Faculty of Biology, Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden “Jevremovac”, Studentski Trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia Džamić Ana University of Belgrade - Faculty of Biology, Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden “Jevremovac”, Studentski Trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia Received: July 18, 2021 Revised: October 03, 2021 Accepted: November 01, 2021 Abstract: The trend of herbal medicine use continues even today, despite the growing number of different synthetic, conventional drugs and the huge progress of the pharmaceutical industry. In recent decades, there has been an increasing use of different herbal medicinal products (HMP) in the prevention of diseases, treatment of chronic and recurrent conditions and diseases, and for maintaining good health. The aim of our paper was to determine the use of HMP in the area of Southeastern Serbia. The survey method was applied through a pre-compiled questionnaire in the Zaječar, Sokobanja and Aleksinac cities. The results of the research showed that there were 70 different HMP, which were most often used preventively (32.00%), while the rest were used in hypertension (23.50%), prostate hyperplasia (8.50%), diabetes (6.53%), depression (4.60%) and glaucoma (3.90%). The composition of the used products included 84 different herbal species, the most common of which were Citrus x aurantium L. (5.90%) and Cucurbita moschata Duchesne (3.60%). When it comes to prevention and/or treatment of diseases, statistical analysis showed that the respondents living in the Aleksinac and surrounding used more plant species compared to people from Sokobanja and Zaječar, while there was no difference between the respondents in the number of HMP used. Respondents who did not have prescribed synthetic drugs, used HMP for the purpose of prevention in a higher percentage. It can be concluded that the respondents mostly use HMP as preventive means, but they also use them as an accompanying therapy. Key words: herbal medicinal products, treatment, frequency, prevention, Southeastern Serbia Apstrakt: Učestalost korišćenja lekovitih biljnih produkata u Jugoistočnoj Srbiji Trend korišćenja biljnih lekova nastavlja se i danas, bez obzira na postojanje sve većeg broja različitih sintetičkih, konvencionalnih lekova i ogroman napredak farmaceutske industrije. Poslednjih decenija je konstatovana sve veća primena biljnih lekova u prevenciji bolesti, lečenju hroničnih i rekurentnih stanja i oboljenja, kao i za održavanje zdravlja. Cilj našeg rada bio je da se utvrdi upotreba lekovitih biljnih produkata (LBP) na teritoriji Jugoistočne Srbije. Primenjivana je metoda anketiranja putem unapred sastavljenog upitnika u sledećim gradovima: Zaječar, Sokobanja i Aleksinac. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da je u upotrebi bilo 70 različitih LBP, koji su najčešće korišćeni preventivno (32,00%), dok su ostali upotrebljavani kod hipertenzije (23,50%), hiperplazije prostate (8,50%), šećerne bolesti (6,53%), depresije (4,60%) i glaukoma (3,90%). Sastav korišćenih produkata sadržao je 84 različitih biljnih vrsta, a najčeće su bile zastupljene Citrus x aurantium L. (5,90%) i Cucurbita moschata Duchesne (3,60%). Statistička analiza je pokazala da su ispitanici koji žive na teritoriji Aleksinca koristili više biljnih vrsta kada je reč o prevenciji i/ili lečenju oboljenja u poređenju sa stanovnicima Sokobanje i Zaječara, dok nije bilo razlike među ispitanicima kada je reč o broju samih LBP. Ispitanici koji nisu imali propisane sintetičke lekove u terapiji u većem procentu su koristili LBP u svrhu prevencije. Može se zaključiti da ispitanici u većoj meri koriste LBP kao preventivna sredstva, ali ih u velikom broju koriste i kao prateću terapiju. Ključne reči: lekoviti biljni produkti, lečenje, učestalost, prevencija, Jugoistočna Srbija © 2021 Matejić et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and build upon your work non-commercially under the same license as the original. 87 Introduction Herbs have been used as the first drugs in the treatment of diseases, and in recent decades their use has been increasingly important in medicine (Barnes, 2012; Heinrich et al., 2018; Zhang, 2018). Herbal therapy is used by 75% of the world’s population. This is due to better acceptability of herbal medicines, fewer side effects that can occur during therapy as well as the fact that they are cheaper (Sam, 2019). In addition, patients are more likely to opt for different herbal products as they believe that they are completely safe because they are of natural origin, and consequentlly that their concomitant application with conventional medicines is not dangerous at all. For these reasons, patients usually do not report the use of herbal medicine to their doctors and pharmacists (Dimitrijević et al., 2014). Yet, in some cases, herbal medicinal products could have a harmful effect on health if they are not used in the prescribed manner and under the supervision of a professional or could lead to harmful interactions with conventional drugs (Petrović et al., 2012). Herbal medicines, traditional herbal medicines and herbal teas are used for maintaining good health, prevention of diseases, treatment of chronic and recurrent conditions, diseases treatment on the recommendation of a doctor or pharmacist, and more often on the basis of the patient’s decision (Petrović et al., 2012; Luketina-Šunjka et al., 2020). The use of medicinal plants in Serbia has a long tradition, and our previous work (Matejić et al. 2020) showed the exceptional presence of medicinal plant species in Eastern and Southeastern Serbia that are used for a large number of different indications. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of herbal medicinal products (HMP): herbal medicines, traditional herbal medicines, herbal supplements, and different other herbal products that could be found in public pharmacy in Southeastern Serbia and to determine how much and in what way herbs are used in the treatment of patients in Southeastern Serbia. In this regard, it was necessary to answer the following questions: (1) what are the most commonly used HMP, (2) for what therapeutic purposes are HMP used, (3) which conventional drug therapy is used in combination with HMP, (4) how does age affect the frequency of HMP use, (5) are there differences in the frequency of herbal use among men and women? Materials and Methods Research area The research was conducted in Southeastern Serbia, more precisely in three municipalities: Zaječar, Sokobanja and Aleksinac. The municipalities of Zaječar and Sokobanja belong to the Zaječar district, while the municipality of Aleksinac belongs to the Nišava district. The municipality of Zaječar covers an area of 1069 km2 and has 53,509 inhabitants in mid-2019 (Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia, 2020). According to the latest research of the Public Health Institute “Timok” Zaječar (2020), the total number of residents of this municipality who were ill in 2019 was 39,240. Residents mostly suffered from respiratory diseases, i.e., 25.1% of the total number of patients. Then they suffered from cardiovascular diseases, about 16.0% of them. Musculoskeletal system and connective tissue diseases are in the third place with a share in the total morbidity of 11.0%. They were followed by urogenital system disorders (8.2%) and diseases from the group of symptoms, which includes pathological clinical and laboratory findings with 5.9% of the total morbidity. Digestive system diseases are in the sixth place, accounting for 5.0% of the total number of patients. After that, there are diseases related to the endocrine system, nutrition and metabolism, with a share in the total morbidity of 4.9%. In the seventh place are injuries, poisonings and the consequences of external factors (4.7%). Skin and subcutaneous tissue diseases account for 3.8%, while mental and behavioral disorders include 3.7% of the total number of patients. There are also diseases from other groups that do not individually contribute much to the number of patients and together make up the remaining 11.7%. In 2019, the most common diagnosis was high blood pressure making 12.5% of the total number of diseases. Other common diagnoses were: acute pharyngitis and tonsillitis (11.0%); acute bronchitis and bronchiolitis (6.3%); other back diseases (5.7%); other symptoms, signs and pathological clinical and laboratory findings (4.0%); diabetes (3.8%); cystitis (3.2%); rhinitis, sinusitis and laryngitis (2.9%); degenerative joint disease and skin and subcutaneous tissue diseases (2.6%). The remaining 45% are other diseases. In 2019, the Department for Women’s Health Service of the Municipality of Zaječar reported 1,063 patients with various diseases. Most of them suffered from diseases of the urogenital system, as many as 75%. They are followed by diseases from the group of tumors with 13.9%, and then infectious and parasitic diseases with 10.9% of the total number of patients. The diagnoses made in the patients were: menstrual disorders (16.5%), cervicitis (16.3%), menopausal diseases (15.2%), salpingitis and oophoritis (9.0%) and female infertility (8.6%). One third of the total number are other diagnoses that were encountered in 2019 in women. 88 BIOLOGICA NYSSANA ● 12 (2) December 2021: 87-111 Matejić et al. ● Frequency of herbal medicinal products use in Southeastern Serbia 89 The municipality of Sokobanja covers an area of 525 km2 with a total population of 14,755 in mid- 2016 (Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia, 2017). Based on the analysis of the Public Health Institute Niš (2017), a total of 23,700 patients were registered in the municipality of Sokobanja in 2016. Most of them suffered from cardiovascular diseases, namely 31.6% of the total morbidity. Respiratory diseases accounted about 24.7%. In the third place are genitourinary diseases with 7.5%, and in the fourth place are musculoskeletal and connective tissue diseases with 7.1% of the total number of patients. These are followed by mental and behavioral disorders with a share in the total morbidity of 4.7%. Digestive diseases are in the sixth place, accounting for 3.3%, followed by diseases from the group of symptoms, which includes pathological clinical and laboratory findings with 2.9%. They are followed by diseases from the group of factors that affect the health condition and contact with the health service, about 0.9%. Other groups of diseases together make up 17.3% of the total number of patients. The most common diagnosis in 2016 was high blood pressure with 22.0% of the total number of diagnoses. It is followed by: acute pharyngitis and tonsillitis (10.0%), other back diseases (5.0%), tracheitis, emphysema and other obstructive lung diseases (4.5%) and cystitis (3.6%). There are various other diagnoses that together make up the remaining 54.5% of the total number of diseases. During 2016, the Department for Women’s Health Service of the municipality of Sokobanja registered 934 patients. In as many as 80.5% of cases, the patients suffered from genitourinary diseases. In the second place are diseases from the group of tumors with 7.2%, and in the third are diseases from the group of factors that affect health and contact with the health service with 5.2% of the total number of patients. They are followed by skin and subcutaneous tissue diseases, as well as diseases from the group of symptoms, which includes pathological clinical and laboratory findings, which account for 5.1% of the total morbidity. After that, there are infectious and parasitic diseases, with about 0.6%. Conditions belonging to the group of pregnancies, births and postpartum period make up 0.5% of the total number of patients. The five most common diagnoses in women were: pelvic inflammatory diseases (19.9%), menstrual disorders (17.8%), breast disease (13.4%), menopausal symptoms and cystitis (9.9%). These five diagnoses make up as much as 71.6% of all registered diseases. According to data from 2015, the municipality of Aleksinac has 49,290 inhabitants on an area of 707 km2 (Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia, 2016). Based on the latest research by the Public Health Institute Niš (2017), there were a total of 57,242 patients in 2015. Cardiovascular diseases took the first place, accounting for 24.3% of the total morbidity. Next were respiratory diseases, with about 19.0%. In the third place are musculoskeletal and connective tissue diseases with 8.3%, and in the fourth place are genitourinary diseases with 7.0% of the total number of patients. Endocrine diseases make up 5.9%, while mental and behavioral disorders make up 4.4%. There are also diseases from other groups that together contribute to the total morbidity with 31.0%. The most common diagnosis was high blood pressure with 19.9% of the total number of all diseases. Other diseases are: acute pharyngitis and tonsillitis (6.6%), back diseases (5.7%), diabetes (4.4%), cystitis (3.7%). Other types of diagnoses make up the remaining 59.8%. In the Department for Women’s Health Service of the municipality of Aleksinac, there were 3,464 registered patients during 2015. Women mostly suffered from genitourinary diseases, as many as 78.7%. In the second place are the factors that affect the health condition and contact with the health service with a share in the total morbidity of 9.5%. They are followed by diseases from the group of tumors with 7.8%, then conditions belonging to the group of pregnancies, births and postpartum period with 2.2% and diseases from the group of symptoms, which includes pathological clinical and laboratory findings with 1.0%. Blood and blood cell diseases as well as endocrine diseases make up 0.3% of the total number of patients. Other registered diseases account for 0.4%. Frequent diagnoses in patients were: other pelvic inflammatory diseases (25.5%), menstrual disorders (16.2%), other genitourinary diseases, cystitis and menopause (8.4%) and menopausal diseases (8.2%). The remaining third of total diseases are other types of diagnoses. Ethnopharmacological survey The survey has been conducted in a period of three months, more precisely from November 15, 2020 to January 15, 2021. We used a pre-compiled questionnaire, with the help of Adonis Pharmacy (https://www.adonisapoteka.rs). The questionnaires were completed thanks to employed masters of pharmacy, with the consent of the respondents, in accordance with all codes of ethics, in pharmacies located in the territory of Southeastern Serbia, in the three surveyed municipalities - Zaječar, Sokobanja and Aleksinac. A total of 100 surveys were collected: 13 in Zaječar, 66 in Sokobanja, and 21 in Aleksinac. A total of 46 men and 54 women aged 1 to 88 were surveyed. The questionnaire consisted 6 questions BIOLOGICA NYSSANA ● 12 (2) December 2021: 87-111 Matejić et al. ● Frequency of herbal medicinal products use in Southeastern Serbia 90 (one close and five open), and gives the following data on the respondents: • gender • age • chronic diseases - YES or NO • chronic diseases they suffer from, if YES • treatment of chronic disease • name of the HMP they use The obtained data were then analyzed and compared with the literature. Chronic disease treatment was classified based on groups of drugs as prescribed by the Agency for Drugs and Medical Devices of Serbia (2021). The HMP was studied in detail, starting from its pharmaceutical form, through the plants that are part of it and contribute to its action. For each plant species, we specified its folk and Latin name according to The Plant List (2000) (http://www.theplantlist.org), the medicinal part used and the form in which it is contained in the medicine. Then, each HMP was associated with an appropriate chronic disease, the therapy of which it could contribute to. In the end, we did a systematization according to plant species (Tab.1). Statistical analysis The characteristics of the study group were defined as frequency (with or without percentage). Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test (when data normality was not satisfied) were used to compare continuous data regarding the use of plants preparations and plants species between defined groups of informants. The Chi-square (χ2) test was used to compare the distribution of plants preparations and plants species use between defined groups of informants. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS statistical software (version 20.0) at the significance level set at p<0.05. Results and discussion Quantitative analyses The results of the research showed that there were 70 different herbal medicines in use. The highest percentage was used preventively (32.00%), while the others were used in hypertension (23.50%), prostate hyperplasia (8.50%), diabetes (6.53%), depression (4.60%), glaucoma (3.90%) and angina pectoris and neurasthenia (2.60%). In their regular therapy, patients used drugs from the following groups: beta blockers (12.30%); ACE inhibitors, calcium antagonists and prostate hyperplasia therapy (6.60%); oral antidiabetics (6.20%); antihypertensive (5.30%); benzodiazepines (4.90%) and glaucoma therapy (4.10%). The most commonly used drugs were: Betamsal (0.4 mg) and Concor cor (1.25 mg) (2.90%); Cornelin (10 mg) and Tamsol (0.4 mg) (2.50%); Bromazepam (3 mg), Diazepam (5 mg), Tensec (5 mg) and Xalatan sol (2.10%); Cosopt sol, Glucophage (1000 mg) and Spironolakton (25 mg) (1.60%) and Amaryl (2 mg), Binevol (5 mg), Cornelin (20 mg), Diclofenac duo (75 mg), Enalapril (20 mg), Prilinda (5 mg) and Tritace comp (5 mg + 25 mg) (1.20%). The largest number of HMP was in the form of: capsules (25.50%); tablets (23.60%); herbal tea (17.30%); solution (6.40%) and syrup (5.50%). The most commonly used were: Urasan forte (7.30%); Comprosta forte (6.40%); Phlebodia 600 (4.50%); senna tea (3,60%); Bilobil intense, peppermint tea, Palisept and Venodia plus (2.70%), Alpenkräuter cream, Gingival gel, Hipervag intim, Lagosa 150, Prospan syrup, Prospan effervescent tablets, Prostamol uno, Prostenal perfect, Relax, Rtanj tea (winter savory) and Venalek (1.8%). Herbs whose medicinal ingredients are part of herbal medicines include 84 different species. All species originate from 45 different families, of which the largest number of species originate from the following families: Rutaceae (6.30%); Rosaceae (3.60%); Myrtaceae and Urticaceae (2.70%). The most common were the following species: Citrus x aurantium L. (5.90%); Cucurbita moschata Duchesne (3.60%); Brassica napus L., Foeniculum vulgare Mill. and Valeriana officinalis L. (3.20%); Ginkgo biloba L., Melissa officinalis L., Senna alexandrina Mill. and Urtica dioica L. (2.70%); Hedera helix L., Hypericum perforatum L., Mentha x piperita L., Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Origanum vulgare L. (2.30%); Betula pubescens Ehrh., Calendula officinalis L., Eucalyptus globulus Labill., Humulus lupulus L., Matricaria chamomilla L., Rosa canina L., Vaccinium myrtillus L. and Zea mays L. (1.80%); Achillea millefolium L., Aesculus hippocastanum L., Equisetum arvense L., Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Mentha arvensis L., Oenothera biennis L., Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Fuss, Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. and Vitis vinifera L. (1.40%). The parts of the plant that were used as the source of ingredients in the largest percentage were as follows: folium (36.20%); flos (12.70%); herba and radix (10.40%); fructus (10.00%); semen (7.70%) and pericarpium (6.30%). Herbal ingredients were most often in the form of an extract (49.30%); then in the form of crushed herbal drugs (17.60%); essential oil (15.80%); isolated substances (7.20%) and in the form of powdered herbal drugs (5.40%). Statistical analysis A detailed statistical data processing was used to determine the frequency of use of HMP and plants in Southeastern Serbia. BIOLOGICA NYSSANA ● 12 (2) December 2021: 87-111 Matejić et al. ● Frequency of herbal medicinal products use in Southeastern Serbia 91 BIOLOGICA NYSSANA ● 12 (2) December 2021: 87-111 Matejić et al. ● Frequency of herbal medicinal products use in Southeastern Serbia Ta bl e 1. F re qu en cy o f H M P u se in S ou th ea st er n S er bi a L at in n am e, S er bi an na m e an d fa m ily P ar t o f a pl an t F or m P ha rm . f or m N am e of H M P A ll m ed ic in es us ed w it h H M P T he ra py gr ou ps P re se nt d is ea se s w he n H M P w as u se d A bi es s ib ir ic a L ed eb ., si bi rs ka je la , P in ac ea e fo liu m es se nt ia l o il cr ea m A lp sk a kr em a / / / A bi es a lb a M ill ., je la , Pi na ce ae fo liu m es se nt ia l o il oi nt m en t Pa vl e ba lz am / / / A ch ill ea m ill ef ol iu m L ., ha jd uč ka tr av a, A st er ac ea e he rb a ex tr ac t oi nt m en t, liq ui d A sa m c rv en i ko nj sk i ba lz am , Fe m is an A ka pi , F em is an B k ap i B ro m az ep am (3 m g) , Si da ta (5 0 m g) , V iv ac e (5 m g) , V iv ac e pl us A C E in hi bi to rs , an tid ep re ss an t dr ug , an tih yp er te ns iv e dr ug , be nz od ia ze pi ne de pr es si on , h yp er te ns io n A es cu lu s hi pp oc as ta nu m L ., di vl ji ke st en , Sa pi nd ac ea e se m en ex tr ac t, es se nt ia l o il ge ll, o in tm en t, ta bl et A sa m c rv en i ko nj sk i ba lz am , E rb av en re ta rd , K es te n ge l B ro m az ep am (3 m g) , Si da ta (5 0 m g) , V iv ac e (5 m g) , V iv ac e pl us A C E in hi bi to rs , an tid ep re ss an t dr ug , an tih yp er te ns iv e dr ug , be nz od ia ze pi ne de pr es si on , h yp er te ns io n A lc he m ill a xa nt ho ch lo ra R ot hm ., vi ra k, R os ac ea e he rb a ex tr ac t liq ui d Fe m is an A ka pi / / / A lo e fe ro x M ill ., al oj a, X an th or rh oe ac ea e su cc us oi l, po w de re d he rb al su bs ta nc e cr ea m , t ab le t T en h er bs , V ita lis s po rt s cr ea m / / ch ro ni c ob st ip at io n A lth ae a offi ci na lis L ., be li sl ez , M al va ce ae fo liu m , r ad ix ex tr ac t, fr ag m en te d he rb al su bs ta nc e he rb al te a, pa st ill es , s yr up B eb a C s ir up be lo g sl ez a, Č aj k or en a be lo g sl ez a, Č aj p ro tiv br on hi tis a, H er bi ko s ir up be lo g sl ez a, Pr ot ec t b el i sl ez B ip re z (2 .5 m g) , C or ne lin (1 0 m g) , E na la pr il (1 0 m g) , K lo m et ol (1 0 m g) , M ac ro pe n (4 00 m g) , M ol ic or (2 m g) A C E in hi bi to rs , ca lc iu m an ta go ni st s, an tia ng in al d ru g, an tie m et ic d ru g, be ta b lo ck er , m ac ro lid e an tib io tic an gi na p ec to ri s, hy pe rt en si on BIOLOGICA NYSSANA ● 12 (2) December 2021: 87-111 92 Matejić et al. ● Frequency of herbal medicinal products use in Southeastern Serbia A nn on a m ur ic at a L ., gr av io la , A nn on ac ea e fo liu m po w de re d he rb al su bs ta nc e ca ps ul e A m az on sk a gr av io la B is op ro lo l (5 m g) , I ru zi d (2 0 m g+ 1 2. 5 m g) an tih yp er te ns iv e dr ug , b et a bl oc ke r hy pe rt en si on A rc to st ap hy lo s uv a- ur si (L .) Sp re ng ., uv a, E ri ca ce ae fo liu m fr ag m en te d he rb al su bs ta nc e he rb al te a Č aj li st a uv e, K ir ko lin a L ux č aj z a m rš av lje nj e B ip re z (2 .5 m g) , C or ne lin (1 0 m g) , M ol ic or (2 m g) ca lc iu m an ta go ni st s, an tia ng in al dr ug , b et a bl oc ke r an gi na p ec to ri s, hy pe rt en si on A rt em is ia a bs in th iu m L ., pe le n, A st er ac ea e he rb a tin ct ur e sy ru p A m ar ap ha rm si ru p / / / B et ul a pu be sc en s E hr h. , b re za , B et ul ac ea e fo liu m ex tr ac t, tin ct ur e, fr ag m en te d he rb al su bs ta nc e he rb al te a, po w de r, liq ui d K ap i z a m rš av lje nj e, U ro bi tr at in st an t č aj , U ro pr ot ek t č aj In ko nt an (1 5 m g) , M ar oc en (5 00 m g) , Pa nr az ol (2 0 m g) pr ot on p um p in hi bi to r, qu in ol on e an tib io tic , in co nt in en ce tr ea tm en t in co nt in en ce B ra ss ic a na pu s L ., ul ja na re pi ca , B ra ss ic ac ea e flo s ex tr ac t ta bl et C on pr os ta fo rt e A m ar yl (2 m g) , A m ar yl (4 m g) , A m lo di pi n (5 m g) , B en ep ro st (5 m g) , B et am sa l (0 .4 m g) , B in ev ol (5 m g) , B ro m az ep am (3 m g) , C or ne lin (1 0 m g) , C or ne lin (2 0 m g) , C os op t so l, D at us t (0 .5 m g) , D ila co r (0 .2 5 m g) , G lu co ph ag e (1 00 0 m g) , A C E in hi bi to rs , ca lc iu m an ta go ni st s, an tih yp er te ns iv e dr ug , be nz od ia ze pi ne , be ta b lo ck er , in su lin , ca rd io to ni c ag en t, or al an tid ia be tic dr ug , g la uc om a tr ea tm en t, be ni gn p ro st at ic hy pe rp la si a tr ea tm en t, vi ta m in at ri al fi br ill at io n an d at ri al fl ut te r, de pr es si on , gl au co m a, b en ig n pr os ta tic h yp er pl as ia , hy pe rt en si on , d ia be te s ty pe 2 , d ia be te s ty pe 1 L at in n am e, S er bi an na m e an d fa m ily P ar t o f a pl an t F or m P ha rm . f or m N am e of H M P A ll m ed ic in es us ed w it h H M P T he ra py gr ou ps P re se nt d is ea se s w he n H M P w as u se d BIOLOGICA NYSSANA ● 12 (2) December 2021: 87-111 Matejić et al. ● Frequency of herbal medicinal products use in Southeastern Serbia 93 L at in n am e, S er bi an na m e an d fa m ily P ar t o f a pl an t F or m P ha rm . f or m N am e of H M P A ll m ed ic in es us ed w it h H M P T he ra py gr ou ps P re se nt d is ea se s w he n H M P w as u se d In su m an B as al So lo St ar (1 00 ij/ m l) , M on op ri l pl us (2 0 m g + 12 .5 m g) , P ri lin da (5 m g) , P ri no rm (1 00 m g) , T am so l (0 .4 m g) , T el m ic or (4 0 m g) , T en se c (5 m g) , T ri ta ce co m p (5 m g + 25 m g) , V ig an to l s ol , X al at an s ol C al en du la o ffi ci na lis L ., ne ve n, A st er ac ea e flo s ex tr ac t, es se nt ia l o il liq ui d, v ag in al ta bl et Fe m is an A ka pi , F em is an B k ap i, H ip er va g in tim / / / C am el lia s in en si s (L .) K un tz e, z el en i č aj , T he ac ea e fo liu m fr ag m en te d he rb al su bs ta nc e he rb al te a K ir ko lin a L ux č aj z a m rš av lje nj e / / / C ar um c ar vi L ., ki m , A pi ac ea e fr uc tu s ex tr ac t po w de r H ip p ča j z a do jil je / / / C en ta ur iu m e ry th ra ea R af n, k ič ic a, G en tia na ce ae he rb a tin ct ur e sy ru p A m ar ap ha rm si ru p / / / C en te lla a si at ic a (L .) U rb ., ce nt el a, A pi ac ea e he rb a ex tr ac t ta bl et E rb av en re ta rd / / / C he lid on iu m m aj us L ., liš ei vi ca , P ap av er ac ea e he rb a fr ag m en te d he rb al su bs ta nc e he rb al te a Č aj h er be liš ei vi ce / / / C itr us li m on (L .) O sb ec k, li m un , pe ri ca rp iu m es se nt ia l o il ca ps ul e G el oM yt ro l fo rt e B ru fe n (4 00 m g) no ns te ro id al si nu si tis BIOLOGICA NYSSANA ● 12 (2) December 2021: 87-111 94 Matejić et al. ● Frequency of herbal medicinal products use in Southeastern Serbia L at in n am e, S er bi an na m e an d fa m ily P ar t o f a pl an t F or m P ha rm . f or m N am e of H M P A ll m ed ic in es us ed w it h H M P T he ra py gr ou ps P re se nt d is ea se s w he n H M P w as u se d R ut ac ea e an ti- in fla m m at o- ry d ru g C itr us x a ur an tiu m L ., go rk a na ra nd ža , R ut ac ea e pe ri ca rp iu m is ol at ed a ct iv e co m po ne nt s, es se nt ia l o il ca ps ul e, ta bl et D et ra le x, Fl ux iv , G el oM yt ro l fo rt e, Ph le bo di a (6 00 m g) , V en al ek , V en od ia p lu s A m lo di pi n (1 0 m g) , A zo pt so l, B et am sa l (0 .4 m g) , B en ep ro st (5 m g) , B is op ro lo l (2 .5 m g) , B ro m az ep am (3 m g) , B ru fe n (4 00 m g) , C ar di op ir in (1 00 m g) , C on co r co r ( 1. 25 m g) , C or as p (1 00 m g) , C or ne lin (2 0 m g) , D ia ze pa m (5 m g) , E na la pr il (1 0 m g) , E na la pr il (2 0 m g) , F ar in (5 m g) , F le ka ni d (1 00 m g) , H em op re s (5 0 m g + 5 m g) , H yp ol ip (2 0 m g) , L as ix (4 0 m g) , M on iz ol (2 0 m g) , N ev ot en s (5 m g) , Pr es ol ol (5 0 m g) , Sp ir on ol ak to n (2 5 m g) , T en se c (5 m g) , T ri m et ac or (3 5 m g) , A C E in hi bi to rs , ca lc iu m an ta go ni st s, an tia ng in al d ru g, an tia rr hy th m ic dr ug , be nz od ia ze pi ne , be ta b lo ck er , di ur et ic , hy po lip id em ic dr ug , a nt ip la te le t ag en t, no ns te ro id al an ti- in fla m m at or y dr ug , o ra l an tic oa gu la nt , gl au co m a tr ea tm en t, be ni gn p ro st at ic hy pe rp la si a tr ea tm en t an gi na p ec to ri s, de pr es si on , g la uc om a, hy pe rl ip id ae m ia , b en ig n pr os ta tic h yp er pl as ia , hy pe rt en si on , ne ur as th en ia , s in us iti s, ca rd ia c in su ffi ci en cy , ve in th ro m bo si s BIOLOGICA NYSSANA ● 12 (2) December 2021: 87-111 Matejić et al. ● Frequency of herbal medicinal products use in Southeastern Serbia 95 L at in n am e, S er bi an na m e an d fa m ily P ar t o f a pl an t F or m P ha rm . f or m N am e of H M P A ll m ed ic in es us ed w it h H M P T he ra py gr ou ps P re se nt d is ea se s w he n H M P w as u se d V az ot al (1 0 m g) , V iv ac e (2 .5 m g) , X al at an s ol C uc ur bi ta m os ch at a D uc he sn e, m us ka tn a tik va , C uc ur bi ta ce ae se m en ex tr ac t ca ps ul e U ra sa n fo rt e A m ar yl (2 m g) , C ar di op ir in (7 5 m g) , C on co r co r ( 1. 25 m g) , C or ne lin (1 0 m g) , C os op t s ol , D ak ta no l k re m , D ia ze pa m (5 m g) , M ol si do m in (4 m g) , M on op ri l (1 0 m g) , N eb ile t ( 5 m g) , N itr og lic er in (0 .5 m g) , Pa ra va no (2 0 m g) , P la vi x (7 5 m g) , Si no de rm N , St ug er on fo rt e, T am so l ( 0. 4 m g) , T ef or (8 50 m g) , T ri ta ce c om p (2 .5 m g + 12 .5 m g) , V az ot al (5 m g) , X al at an so l, Z of ec ar d (3 0 m g) A C E in hi bi to rs , ca lc iu m an ta go ni st s, an tia ng in al d ru g, an tih yp er te ns iv e dr ug , an tim yc ot ic dr ug , be nz od ia ze pi ne , be ta b lo ck er , de rm at ic a ge nt , hy po lip id em ic dr ug , a nt ip la te le t ag en t, or al an tid ia be tic dr ug , g la uc om a tr ea tm en t, be ni gn p ro st at ic hy pe rp la si a tr ea tm en t, ve rt ig o tr ea tm en t an gi na p ec to ri s, de pr es si on , g la uc om a, hy pe rl ip id ae m ia , b en ig n pr os ta tic h yp er pl as ia , hy pe rt en si on , c on ta ct de rm at iti s, n eu ra st he ni a, pi ty ri as is , c ar di ac in su ffi ci en cy , d ia be te s ty pe 2 C ur cu m a lo ng a L ., ku rk um a, Z in gi be ra ce ae ra di x ex tr ac t ca ps ul e K ur ku m a fo rt e D ic lo fe na c du o (7 5 m g) no ns te ro id al an ti- in fla m m at or y dr ug os te op or os is R ut ac ea e an ti- in fla m m at o- ry d ru g C itr us x a ur an tiu m L ., go rk a na ra nd ža , R ut ac ea e pe ri ca rp iu m is ol at ed a ct iv e co m po ne nt s, es se nt ia l o il ca ps ul e, ta bl et D et ra le x, Fl ux iv , G el oM yt ro l fo rt e, Ph le bo di a (6 00 m g) , V en al ek , V en od ia p lu s A m lo di pi n (1 0 m g) , A zo pt so l, B et am sa l (0 .4 m g) , B en ep ro st (5 m g) , B is op ro lo l (2 .5 m g) , B ro m az ep am (3 m g) , B ru fe n (4 00 m g) , C ar di op ir in (1 00 m g) , C on co r co r ( 1. 25 m g) , C or as p (1 00 m g) , C or ne lin (2 0 m g) , D ia ze pa m (5 m g) , E na la pr il (1 0 m g) , E na la pr il (2 0 m g) , F ar in (5 m g) , F le ka ni d (1 00 m g) , H em op re s (5 0 m g + 5 m g) , H yp ol ip (2 0 m g) , L as ix (4 0 m g) , M on iz ol (2 0 m g) , N ev ot en s (5 m g) , Pr es ol ol (5 0 m g) , Sp ir on ol ak to n (2 5 m g) , T en se c (5 m g) , T ri m et ac or (3 5 m g) , A C E in hi bi to rs , ca lc iu m an ta go ni st s, an tia ng in al d ru g, an tia rr hy th m ic dr ug , be nz od ia ze pi ne , be ta b lo ck er , di ur et ic , hy po lip id em ic dr ug , a nt ip la te le t ag en t, no ns te ro id al an ti- in fla m m at or y dr ug , o ra l an tic oa gu la nt , gl au co m a tr ea tm en t, be ni gn p ro st at ic hy pe rp la si a tr ea tm en t an gi na p ec to ri s, de pr es si on , g la uc om a, hy pe rl ip id ae m ia , b en ig n pr os ta tic h yp er pl as ia , hy pe rt en si on , ne ur as th en ia , s in us iti s, ca rd ia c in su ffi ci en cy , ve in th ro m bo si s BIOLOGICA NYSSANA ● 12 (2) December 2021: 87-111 96 Matejić et al. ● Frequency of herbal medicinal products use in Southeastern Serbia L at in n am e, S er bi an na m e an d fa m ily P ar t o f a pl an t F or m P ha rm . f or m N am e of H M P A ll m ed ic in es us ed w it h H M P T he ra py gr ou ps P re se nt d is ea se s w he n H M P w as u se d E ch in ac ea p ur pu re a (L .) M oe nc h, e hi na ce a, A st er ac ea e he rb a ex tr ac t eff er ve sc en t ta bl et B io gr ip in / / / E qu is et um a rv en se L ., ra st av ić , E qu is et ac ea e he rb a fr ag m en te d he rb al su bs ta nc e he rb al te a Č aj p ro tiv br on hi tis a, U ro pr ot ek t č aj B ip re z (2 .5 m g) , C or ne lin (1 0 m g) , M ol ic or (2 m g) ca lc iu m an ta go ni st s, an tia ng in al d ru g, be ta b lo ck er an gi na p ec to ri s, hy pe rt en si on E uc al yp tu s gl ob ul us L ab ill ., eu ka lip tu s, M yr ta ce ae fo liu m es se nt ia l o il ca ps ul e, c re am A lp sk a kr em a, G el oM yt ro l fo rt e, V ita lis sp or ts c re am B ru fe n (4 00 m g) no ns te ro id al an ti- in fla m m at or y dr ug si nu si tis F oe ni cu lu m v ul ga re M ill ., m or ač , A pi ac ea e fr uc tu s ex tr ac t, es se nt ia l o il, po w de re d he rb al su bs ta nc e , t in ct ur e, fr ag m en te d he rb al su bs ta nc e he rb al te a, oi nt m en t, po w de r, liq ui d, ta bl et A sa m c rv en i ko nj sk i ba lz am , Č aj p ro tiv br on hi tis a, H ip p ča j za d oj ilj e, K ap i z a m rš av lje nj e, Pl an tla x ča j za g rč ev e, T en h er bs , U ro bi tr at in st an t č aj B ip re z (2 .5 m g) , B ro m az ep am (3 m g) , C or ne lin (1 0 m g) , I nk on ta n (1 5 m g) , M ar oc en (5 00 m g) , M ol ic or (2 m g) , Pa nr az ol (2 0 m g) , Si da ta (5 0 m g) , V iv ac e (5 m g) , V iv ac e pl us A C E in hi bi to rs , ca lc iu m an ta go ni st s, an tia ng in al d ru g, an tid ep re ss an t dr ug , an tih yp er te ns iv e dr ug , be nz od ia ze pi ne , be ta b lo ck er , pr ot on p um p in hi bi to r, qu in ol on e an tib io tic , in co nt in en ce tr ea tm en t an gi na p ec to ri s, de pr es si on , hy pe rt en si on , ch ro ni c ob st ip at io n, in co nt in en ce F ra ng ul a pu rs hi an a C oo pe r, am er ič ka kr uš in a, R ha m na ce ae co rt ex po w de re d he rb al su bs ta nc e ta bl et T en h er bs / / ch ro ni c ob st ip at io n F ra ng ul a al nu s M ill ., kr uš in a, R ha m na ce ae co rt ex tin ct ur e, fr ag m en te d he rb al su bs ta nc e he rb al te a, li qu id K ap i z a m rš av lje nj e, K ir ko lin a L ux č aj z a m rš av lje nj e / / / BIOLOGICA NYSSANA ● 12 (2) December 2021: 87-111 Matejić et al. ● Frequency of herbal medicinal products use in Southeastern Serbia 97 L at in n am e, S er bi an na m e an d fa m ily P ar t o f a pl an t F or m P ha rm . f or m N am e of H M P A ll m ed ic in es us ed w it h H M P T he ra py gr ou ps P re se nt d is ea se s w he n H M P w as u se d G en tia na lu te a L ., lin cu ra , G en tia na ce ae ra di x po w de re d he rb al su bs ta nc e , tin ct ur e sy ru p, ta bl et A m ar ap ha rm si ru p, T en he rb s / / ch ro ni c ob st ip at io n G er an iu m r ob er tia nu m L ., zd ra va c, G er an ia ce ae he rb a ex tr ac t liq ui d Fe m is an A ka pi / / / G in kg o bi lo ba L ., gi nk o, G in kg oa ce ae fo liu m ex tr ac t ca ps ul e, ta bl et B ilo bi l in te ns e, G in ko m ax , G yn kg ob il, T an ak an A m lo di pi n (1 0 m g) , B ar io s (5 m g) , B ev ip le x, B ip re z (2 .5 m g) , C on co r c or (1 .2 5 m g) , D ila - co r ( 0. 25 m g) , E na la pr il (2 0 m g) , I nd ap re s (1 .5 m g) , M ol si do m in (4 m g) , P ol iv it B , P re so lo l ( 10 0 m g) , S ko pr yl (1 0 m g) , S pi ro no - la kt on (2 5 m g) , T am so l ( 0. 4 m g) , T ri ta ce c om p (5 m g + 25 m g) , V es tib o (1 6 m g) A C E in hi bi to rs , ca lc iu m an ta go ni st s, an tia ng in al d ru g, an tih yp er te ns iv e dr ug , b et a bl oc ke r, di ur et ic , ca rd io to ni c ag en t, be ni gn pr os ta tic hy pe rp la si a tr ea tm en t, ve rt ig o tr ea tm en t, vi ta m in be ni gn p ro st at ic hy pe rp la si a, hy pe rt en si on , v oc al c or d an d la ry nx p ar al ys is , ca rd ia c in su ffi ci en cy , ve rt ig o an d tin ni tu s G ly ci ne m ax (L .) M er r., s oj a, F ab ac ea e se m en is ol at ed a ct iv e co m po ne nt s ca ps ul e E ss en tia le fo rt e N (3 00 m g) Fo lk is (5 m g) , H em ok vi n pl us , L yr ic a (2 5 m g) , Pr on is on (2 0 m g) , Sa la zo py ri n (5 00 m g) , T am so l (0 .4 m g) an tia ne m ic dr ug fo r m eg al ob la st ic an em ia , an tie pi le pt ic dr ug , an tih yp er te ns iv e dr ug , de pr es si on , b en ig n pr os ta tic h yp er pl as ia , hy pe rt en si on , u lc er at iv e co lit is BIOLOGICA NYSSANA ● 12 (2) December 2021: 87-111 Matejić et al. ● Frequency of herbal medicinal products use in Southeastern Serbia L at in n am e, S er bi an na m e an d fa m ily P ar t o f a pl an t F or m P ha rm . f or m N am e of H M P A ll m ed ic in es us ed w it h H M P T he ra py gr ou ps P re se nt d is ea se s w he n H M P w as u se d gl uc oc or tic oi d, su lp ho na m id e, be ni gn p ro st at ic hy pe rp la si a tr ea tm en t G ly cy rr hi za g la br a L ., sl ad ić , F ab ac ea e ra di x po w de re d he rb al su bs ta nc e , fr ag m en te d he rb al su bs ta nc e he rb al te a, ta bl et Č aj p ro tiv br on hi tis a, Č aj s la tk og ko re na , T en he rb s B ip re z (2 .5 m g) , C or ne lin (1 0 m g) , M ol ic or (2 m g) ca lc iu m an ta go ni st s, an tia ng in al d ru g, be ta b lo ck er an gi na p ec to ri s, hy pe rt en si on , c hr on ic ob st ip at io n, li ve r st ea to si s H ed er a he lix L ., br šl ja n, A ra lia ce ae fo liu m ex tr ac t sy ru p, p ow de r, eff er ve sc en t ta bl et In tu si n pu lv is , Pr os pa n si ru p, Pr os pa n šu m eć e ta bl et e / / / H um ul us lu pu lu s L ., hm el j, C an na ba ce ae flo s ex tr ac t oi nt m en t, liq ui d, ta bl et A sa m c rv en i ko nj sk i ba lz am , K ap i za u m ir en je , R el ax B ro m az ep am (3 m g) , N ov oM ix 30 F le xP en (1 00 ij/ m l) , Si da ta (5 0 m g) , V iv ac e (5 m g) , V iv ac e pl us A C E in hi bi to rs , an tid ep re ss an t dr ug , an tih yp er te ns iv e dr ug , be nz od ia ze pi ne , in su lin ce lia c di se as e, de pr es si on , hy pe rt en si on , d ia be te s ty pe 1 H yp er ic um p er fo ra tu m L ., ka nt ar io n, H yp er ic ac ea e flo s ex tr ac t, es se nt ia l o il liq ui d, o il ex tr ac t, va gi na l ta bl et H ip er va g in tim , K ap i z a um ir en je , U lje od k an ta ri on a za s po lja šn ju up ot re bu , V ag in al et e sa ka nt ar io no m B ar io s (5 m g) , C on co r c or (1 .2 5 m g) , C or ne lin (1 0 m g) ca lc iu m an ta go ni st s, b et a bl oc ke r hy pe rt en si on La va nd ul a an gu st ifo lia M ill ., la va nd a, L am ia ce ae flo s es se nt ia l o il ge ll K es te n ge l / / / 98 BIOLOGICA NYSSANA ● 12 (2) December 2021: 87-111 Matejić et al. ● Frequency of herbal medicinal products use in Southeastern Serbia L at in n am e, S er bi an na m e an d fa m ily P ar t o f a pl an t F or m P ha rm . f or m N am e of H M P A ll m ed ic in es us ed w it h H M P T he ra py gr ou ps P re se nt d is ea se s w he n H M P w as u se d M al pi gh ia e m ar gi na ta D C ., ac er ol a, M al pi gh ia ce ae fr uc tu s ex tr ac t eff er ve sc en t ta bl et B io gr ip in / / / M ar ru bi um v ul ga re L ., oč aj ni ca , L am ia ce ae he rb a po w de re d he rb al su bs ta nc e ta bl et T en h er bs / / ch ro ni c ob st ip at io n M at ri ca ri a ch am om ill a L ., ka m ili ca , A st er ac ea e flo s ex tr ac t ge ll, o in tm en t, sy ru p A sa m c rv en i ko nj sk i ba lz am , G in gi va l g el , H er bi ko s ir up be lo g sl ez a A m ar yl (2 m g) , A sp ir in p ro te ct (1 00 m g) , B ro m az ep am (3 m g) , G lu co ph ag e (1 00 0 m g) , S id at a (5 0 m g) , V iv ac e (5 m g) , V iv ac e pl us A C E in hi bi to rs , an tid ep re ss an t dr ug , an tih yp er te ns iv e dr ug , be nz od ia ze pi ne , an tip la te le t ag en t, or al an tid ia be tic d ru g de pr es si on , hy pe rt en si on , d ia be te s ty pe 2 M el is sa o ffi ci na lis L ., m at ič nj ak , L am ia ce ae fo liu m ex tr ac t oi nt m en t, po w de r, liq ui d, ta bl et A sa m c rv en i ko nj sk i ba lz am , Fe m is an B ka pi , H ip p ča j z a do jil je , K ap i z a um ir en je , R el ax B ro m az ep am (3 m g) , N ov oM ix 30 F le xP en (1 00 ij/ m l) , S id at a (5 0 m g) , V iv ac e (5 m g) , V iv ac e pl us A C E in hi bi to rs , an tid ep re ss an t dr ug , an tih yp er te ns iv e dr ug , be nz od ia ze pi ne , in su lin ce lia c di se as e, de pr es si on , hy pe rt en si on , d ia be te s ty pe 1 M en th a ar ve ns is L ., po ljs ka n an a, L am ia ce ae fo liu m es se nt ia l o il cr ea m A lp sk a kr em a, V ita lis s po rt s cr ea m / / / M en th a x pi pe ri ta L ., pi to m a na na , L am ia ce ae fo liu m es se nt ia l o il, fr ag m en te d he rb al su bs ta nc e he rb al te a, g el l Č aj li st a na ne , G in gi va l g el A m ar yl (2 m g) , A sp ir in p ro te ct (1 00 m g) , G lu co ph ag e (1 00 0 m g) an tip la te le t ag en t, or al an tid ia be tic d ru g hy pe rt en si on , d ia be te s ty pe 2 99 BIOLOGICA NYSSANA ● 12 (2) December 2021: 87-111 Matejić et al. ● Frequency of herbal medicinal products use in Southeastern Serbia L at in n am e, S er bi an na m e an d fa m ily P ar t o f a pl an t F or m P ha rm . f or m N am e of H M P A ll m ed ic in es us ed w it h H M P T he ra py gr ou ps P re se nt d is ea se s w he n H M P w as u se d M yr tu s co m m un is L ., m ir ta , M yr ta ce ae fo liu m es se nt ia l o il ca ps ul e, oi nt m en t G el oM yt ro l fo rt e, P av le ba lz am B ru fe n (4 00 m g) no ns te ro id al an ti- in fla m m at or y dr ug si nu si tis O ci m um b as ili cu m L ., bo si lja k, L am ia ce ae fo liu m es se nt ia l o il liq ui d Si nu so l M aj or an s pr ej za n os A sp ir in p ro te ct (1 00 m g) , B is op ro lo l (5 m g) , B ro m az ep am (3 m g) , D ic lo fe na c du o (7 5 m g) , H em om yc in (5 00 m g) be nz od ia ze pi ne , be ta b lo ck er , an tip la te le t ag en t, m ac ro lid e an tib io tic , no ns te ro id al an ti- in fla m m at or y dr ug hy pe rt en si on O en ot he ra b ie nn is L ., no ću ra k, O na gr ac ea e se m en es se nt ia l o il, oi l ca ps ul e, v ag in al ta bl et H ip er va g in tim , S ol ga r ul je n oć ur ka / / / O ri ga nu m v ul ga re L ., vr an ilo va tr av a, L am ia ce ae fo liu m is ol at ed a ct iv e co m po ne nt s, fr ag m en te d he rb al su bs ta nc e he rb al te a, ca ps ul e Pa lis ep t, U ro pr ot ek t č aj A ct aw el l (1 00 m g) , B in ev ol (5 m g) , B ro m az ep am (3 m g) , C or ne lin (2 0 m g) , E lic ea (1 0 m g) , I rb en id a pl us (1 50 m g + 12 .5 m g) , K ar vi le ks (1 2. 5 m g) , L ex ili um (3 m g) , L un at a (5 m g) , T ef or (5 00 m g) , T re si ba Fl ex T ou ch (2 00 ij/ m l) , T ri ta ce co m p (2 .5 m g + 12 .5 m g) ca lc iu m an ta go ni st s, an tid ep re ss an t dr ug , an tih yp er te ns iv e dr ug , an tip sy ch ot ic dr ug , be nz od ia ze pi ne , be ta b lo ck er , hy pn ot ic d ru g, in su lin , o ra l an tid ia be tic d ru g de pr es si on , hy pe rt en si on , d ia be te s ty pe 1 100 BIOLOGICA NYSSANA ● 12 (2) December 2021: 87-111 Matejić et al. ● Frequency of herbal medicinal products use in Southeastern Serbia L at in n am e, S er bi an na m e an d fa m ily P ar t o f a pl an t F or m P ha rm . f or m N am e of H M P A ll m ed ic in es us ed w it h H M P T he ra py gr ou ps P re se nt d is ea se s w he n H M P w as u se d O ri ga nu m n m aj or an a L ., m aj or an , L am ia ce ae fo liu m es se nt ia l o il liq ui d Si nu so l M aj or an s pr ej za n os A sp ir in p ro te ct (1 00 m g) , B is op ro lo l (5 m g) , B ro m az ep am (3 m g) , D ic lo fe na c du o (7 5 m g) , H em om yc in (5 00 m g) be nz od ia ze pi ne , be ta b lo ck er , an tip la te le t ag en t, m ac ro lid e an tib io tic , no ns te ro id al an ti- in fla m m at or y dr ug hy pe rt en si on O rt ho si ph on a ri st at us (B lu m e) M iq ., ja va č aj , L am ia ce ae fo liu m ex tr ac t po w de r U ro bi tr at in st an t č aj In ko nt an (1 5 m g) , M ar oc en (5 00 m g) , Pa nr az ol (2 0 m g) pr ot on p um p in hi bi to r, qu in ol on e an tib io tic , in co nt in en ce tr ea tm en t in co nt in en ce P as si flo ra e du lis Si m s, p as ifl or a, Pa ss ifl or ac ea e he rb a ex tr ac t ta bl et A lo ra u ltr a, Sm ir el a no ć C o- A m le ss a (4 m g + 5 m g + 1. 25 m g) , E gl on yl (5 0 m g) an tih yp er te ns iv e dr ug , an tip sy ch ot ic dr ug ga st ro -i nt es tin al ne ur os es , h yp er te ns io n P et ro se lin um c ri sp um (M ill .) Fu ss , p er šu n, A pi ac ea e fo liu m ex tr ac t, fr ag m en te d he rb al su bs ta nc e he rb al te a, li qu id Fe m is an A k ap i, U ro pr ot ek t č aj / / / P im pi ne lla a ni su m L ., an is , A pi ac ea e fr uc tu s ex tr ac t po w de r H ip p ča j z a do jil je / / / P in us s yl ve st ri s L ., sr eb rn i b or , P in ac ea e fo liu m et ar sk o ul je oi nt m en t Pa vl e ba lz am / / / P la nt ag o la nc eo la ta L ., bo kv ic a, Pl an ta gi na ce ae fo liu m ex tr ac t, fr ag m en te d he rb al su bs ta nc e he rb al te a, li qu id Č aj p ro tiv br on hi tis a, Pr op ol is k ap i sa b ok vi co m B ip re z (2 .5 m g) , C or ne lin (1 0 m g) , M ol ic or (2 m g) an tia ng in al dr ug , c al ci um an ta go ni st s, be ta b lo ck er an gi na p ec to ri s, hy pe rt en si on P ot en til la e re ct a (L .) R ae us ch ., sr če nj ak , R os ac ea e rh iz om a tin ct ur e ge ll G in gi va l g el A m ar yl (2 m g) , A sp ir in p ro te ct (1 00 m g) , an tip la te le t ag en t, hy pe rt en si on , d ia be te s ty pe 2 101 BIOLOGICA NYSSANA ● 12 (2) December 2021: 87-111 Matejić et al. ● Frequency of herbal medicinal products use in Southeastern Serbia L at in n am e, S er bi an na m e an d fa m ily P ar t o f a pl an t F or m P ha rm . f or m N am e of H M P A ll m ed ic in es us ed w it h H M P T he ra py gr ou ps P re se nt d is ea se s w he n H M P w as u se d G lu co ph ag e (1 00 0 m g) or al a nt id ia be tic dr ug P ri m ul a ve ri s L ., ja go rč ev in a, Pr im ul ac ea e fo liu m , r ad ix ex tr ac t, fr ag m en te d he rb al su bs ta nc e he rb al te a, s yr up B ro nh o sa n ja go rč ev in a, tim ija n, di vi zm a, Č aj p ro tiv br on hi tis a B ip re z (2 .5 m g) , C or ne lin (1 0 m g) , M ol ic or (2 m g) ca lc iu m an ta go ni st s, an tia ng in al dr ug , b et a bl oc ke r an gi na p ec to ri s, hy pe rt en si on R ha m nu s al pi na L ., že st ik a, R ha m na ce ae co rt ex po w de re d he rb al su bs ta nc e ta bl et T en h er bs / / ch ro ni c ob st ip at io n R he um p al m at um L ., ra ba rb ar a, Po ly go na ce ae ra di x po w de re d he rb al su bs ta nc e ta bl et T en h er bs / / ch ro ni c ob st ip at io n R ib es n ig ru m L ., cr na ri bi zl a, G ro ss ul ar ia ce ae fr uc tu s ex tr ac t pa st ill es Is la c as si s B is op ro lo l (2 .5 m g) be ta b lo ck er hy pe rt en si on R ic in us c om m un is L ., ri ci nu s, E up ho rb ia ce ae se m en ex tr ac t oi l e xt ra ct R ic in us ov o ul je / / / R os a ca ni na L ., ši pu ra k, R os ac ea e fr uc tu s ex tr ac t, fr ag m en te d he rb al su bs ta nc e am po ul e, h er ba l te a, li qu id , s yr up C H - A lp ha pl us , H er bi ko si ru p be lo g sl ez a, K ap i z a m rš av lje nj e, K ir ko lin a L ux č aj z a m rš av lje nj e D ic lo fe na c du o (7 5 m g) no ns te ro id al an ti- in fla m m at or y dr ug ar th ri tis R os m ar in us o ffi ci na lis L ., ru zm ar in , L am ia ce ae fo liu m ex tr ac t, es se nt ia l o il ge ll, c re am , liq ui d A lp sk a kr em a, K ap i za u m ir en je , K es te n ge l, V ita lis s po rt s cr ea m / / / 102 BIOLOGICA NYSSANA ● 12 (2) December 2021: 87-111 Matejić et al. ● Frequency of herbal medicinal products use in Southeastern Serbia L at in n am e, S er bi an na m e an d fa m ily P ar t o f a pl an t F or m P ha rm . f or m N am e of H M P A ll m ed ic in es us ed w it h H M P T he ra py gr ou ps P re se nt d is ea se s w he n H M P w as u se d R ub us id ae us L ., m al in a, R os ac ea e fo liu m ex tr ac t liq ui d Fe m is an A ka pi / / / R us cu s ac ul ea tu s L ., ve pr in a, A sp ar ag ac ea e rh iz om a ex tr ac t ta bl et E rb av en re ta rd / / / Sa lix a lb a L ., be la vr ba , S al ic ac ea e co rt ex ex tr ac t eff er ve sc en t ta bl et B io gr ip in / / / Sa tu re ja m on ta na L ., rt an js ki č aj , L am ia ce ae he rb a fr ag m en te d he rb al su bs ta nc e he rb al te a R ta nj sk i č aj C on co r c or (1 .2 5 m g) be ta b lo ck er hy pe rt en si on Se nn a al ex an dr in a M ill ., se na , F ab ac ea e fo liu m po w de re d he rb al su bs ta nc e , fr ag m en te d he rb al su bs ta nc e he rb al te a, ta bl et Č aj li st a se ne , K ir ko lin a L ux č aj z a m rš av lje nj e, T en h er bs A m lo ga l (1 0 m g) , A nt ia gr ex (7 5 m g) , C ar di op ir in (7 5 m g) , C on co r (5 m g) , D ia ze pa m (5 m g ), G lu fo rm in (1 00 0 m g) , H lo rp ro m az in (2 5 m g) , M ic ar di s (8 0 m g) , P ri lin da (5 m g) , T en se c (5 m g) , T re nt al (4 00 m g) , V as ili p (2 0 m g) A C E in hi bi to rs , ca lc iu m an ta go ni st s, an tih yp er te ns iv e dr ug , an tip sy ch ot ic dr ug , be nz od ia ze pi ne , be ta b lo ck er , hy po lip id em ic dr ug , an tip la te le t ag en t, or al an tid ia be tic dr ug , c ir cu la to ry di so rd er s tr ea tm en t de pr es si on , hy pe rl ip id ae m ia , hy pe rt en si on , c hr on ic ob st ip at io n, d ia be te s ty pe 2 Se re no a re pe ns (W . B ar ta m ) S m al l, te st er as ta p al m a, A re ca ce ae fr uc tu s ex tr ac t ca ps ul e Pr os ta m ol un o, P ro st en al pe rf ec t A m ar yl (3 m g) , A nd ol (1 00 m g) , B er lit hi on 60 0 (6 00 m g) , B er od ua l N (0 .0 5 m g + 0. 02 1 m g) , C ar di pi ne (5 m g) , A C E in hi bi to rs , ca lc iu m an ta go ni st s, an tia ng in al dr ug , an tih yp er te ns iv e dr ug , an gi na p ec to ri s, at ri al fi br ill at io n an d at ri al fl ut te r, be ni gn pr os ta tic h yp er pl as ia , hy pe rt en si on , c hr on ic ob st ru ct iv e pu lm on ar y di se as e, n eu ra st he ni a, di ab et es ty pe 2 103 BIOLOGICA NYSSANA ● 12 (2) December 2021: 87-111 Matejić et al. ● Frequency of herbal medicinal products use in Southeastern Serbia L at in n am e, S er bi an na m e an d fa m ily P ar t o f a pl an t F or m P ha rm . f or m N am e of H M P A ll m ed ic in es us ed w it h H M P T he ra py gr ou ps P re se nt d is ea se s w he n H M P w as u se d C on co r c or (1 .2 5 m g) , C or ne lin (1 0 m g) , D ia ze pa m (5 m g) , D ur ofi lin (1 25 m g) , G lio ks an (8 0 m g) , G lu fo rm in (1 00 0 m g) , G lu co ph ag e (1 00 0 m g) , L ex ili um (3 m g) , M on os an (2 0 m g) , Sk op ry l p lu s, Sp ir on ol ak to n (2 5 m g) , T am so l (0 .4 m g) , T ef or (5 00 m g) , T en se c (5 m g) , T ri ta ce (5 m g) be nz od ia ze pi ne , be ta b lo ck er , br on ch os pa s- m ol yt ic a ge nt , di ur et ic , a nt i- pl at el et a ge nt , or al a nt id ia be tic dr ug , d ia be tic po ly ne ur op a- th y tr ea tm en t, be ni gn p ro s- ta tic h yp er pl as ia tr ea tm en t Si ly bu m m ar ia nu m (L .) G ae rt n. , s ik av ic a, A st er ac ea e fr uc tu s ex tr ac t ca ps ul e, ta bl et L ag os a 15 0, Si ly m ar in Fo lk is (5 m g) , H em ok vi n pl us , L yr ic a (2 5 m g) , Pr on is on (2 0 m g) , Sa la zo py ri n (5 00 m g) , T am so l (0 .4 m g) an tia ne m ic dr ug fo r m eg al ob la st ic an em ia , an tie pi le pt ic dr ug , an tih yp er te ns iv e dr ug , gl uc oc or tic oi d, su lp ho na m id e, be ni gn p ro st at ic hy pe rp la si a tr ea tm en t de pr es si on , b en ig n pr os ta tic h yp er pl as ia , hy pe rt en si on , l iv er st ea to si s, u lc er at iv e co lit is So lid ag o vi rg a- au re a L ., zl at ni ca , A st er ac ea e he rb a ex tr ac t po w de r U ro bi tr at in st an t č aj In ko nt an (1 5 m g) , pr ot on p um p in hi bi to r, in co nt in en ce 104 BIOLOGICA NYSSANA ● 12 (2) December 2021: 87-111 Matejić et al. ● Frequency of herbal medicinal products use in Southeastern Serbia L at in n am e, S er bi an na m e an d fa m ily P ar t o f a pl an t F or m P ha rm . f or m N am e of H M P A ll m ed ic in es us ed w it h H M P T he ra py gr ou ps P re se nt d is ea se s w he n H M P w as u se d M ar oc en (5 00 m g) , Pa nr az ol (2 0 m g) qu in ol on e an tib io tic , in co nt in en ce tr ea tm en t St yp hn ol ob iu m ja po ni cu m (L .) Sc ho tt, ja pa ns ki b ag re m , Fa ba ce ae flo s is ol at ed a ct iv e co m po ne nt s ta bl et E rb av en re ta rd , F lu xi v C on co r c or (1 .2 5 m g) , Fl ek an id (1 00 m g) an tia rr hy th m ic dr ug , b et a bl oc ke r ca rd ia c in su ffi ci en cy Sy m ph yt um offi ci na le L ., ga ve z, B or ag in ac ea e ra di x ex tr ac t ge ll B ei nw el l G av ez g el / / / Ta ra xa cu m ca m py lo de s G .E .H ag lu nd , m as la ča k, C om po si ta e ra di x po w de re d he rb al su bs ta nc e ta bl et T en h er bs / / ch ro ni c ob st ip at io n Th ym us s er py llu m L ., m aj ki na d uš ic a, L am ia ce ae he rb a fr ag m en te d he rb al su bs ta nc e he rb al te a Č aj p ro tiv br on hi tis a B ip re z (2 .5 m g) , C or ne lin (1 0 m g) , M ol ic or (2 m g) ca lc iu m an ta go ni st s, an tia ng in al d ru g, be ta b lo ck er an gi na p ec to ri s, hy pe rt en si on Th ym us v ul ga ri s L ., tim ija n, L am ia ce ae he rb a ex tr ac t sy ru p B ro nh o sa n ja go rč ev in a, tim ija n, di vi zm a / / / Tu ss ila go fa rf ar a L ., po db el , A st er ac ea e fo liu m fr ag m en te d he rb al su bs ta nc e he rb al te a Č aj p ro tiv br on hi tis a B ip re z (2 .5 m g) , C or ne lin (1 0 m g) , M ol ic or (2 m g) ca lc iu m an ta go ni st s, an tia ng in al d ru g, be ta b lo ck er an gi na p ec to ri s, hy pe rt en si on U rt ic a di oi ca L ., ko pr iv a, U rt ic ac ea e fo liu m , h er ba , ra di x ex tr ac t ca ps ul e, p ow de r, ta bl et H ip p ča j za d oj ilj e, Pr os te na l pe rf ec t, V en od ia p lu s A m ar yl (3 m g) , A nd ol (1 00 m g) , A zo pt so l, B er od ua l N (0 .0 5 m g + 0. 02 1 m g) , A C E in hi bi to rs , ca lc iu m a nt ag o- ni st s, a nt ia ng in al dr ug , b en zo di - az ep in e, b et a bl oc ke r, an gi na p ec to ri s, de pr es si on , gl au co m a, b en ig n pr os ta tic h yp er pl as ia , hy pe rt en si on , c hr on ic ob st ru ct iv e pu lm on ar y di se as e, 105 BIOLOGICA NYSSANA ● 12 (2) December 2021: 87-111 Matejić et al. ● Frequency of herbal medicinal products use in Southeastern Serbia L at in n am e, S er bi an na m e an d fa m ily P ar t o f a pl an t F or m P ha rm . f or m N am e of H M P A ll m ed ic in es us ed w it h H M P T he ra py gr ou ps P re se nt d is ea se s w he n H M P w as u se d B is op ro lo l (2 .5 m g) , B ro m az ep am (3 m g) , C or as p (1 00 m g) , C or ne lin (1 0 m g) , C or ne lin (2 0 m g) , D ia ze pa m (5 m g) , E na la pr il (2 0m g) , Fa ri n (5 m g) , G lu co ph ag e (1 00 0 m g) , M on os an (2 0 m g) , P re so lo l (5 0 m g) , T am so l (0 .4 m g) ,T en se c (5 m g) , Tr im et ac or (3 5 m g) , T ri ta ce (5 m g) , V iv ac e (2 .5 m g) , X al at an so l br on ch os pa sm o- ly tic a ge nt , a n- tip la te le t a ge nt , or al a nt id ia be tic dr ug , o ra l a nt i- co ag ul an t, gl au - co m a tr ea tm en t, be ni gn p ro s- ta tic h yp er pl as ia tr ea tm en t, ve in th ro m bo si s ne ur as th en ia , d ia be te s ty pe 2 , v ei n th ro m bo si s V ac ci ni um m yr til lu s L ., bo ro vn ic a, E ri ca ce ae fo liu m ex tr ac t ta bl et E rb av en re ta rd , V en od ia p lu s A zo pt s ol , B is op ro lo l (2 .5 m g) , B ro m az ep am (3 m g) , C or as p (1 00 m g) , C or ne lin (2 0 m g) , D ia ze pa m (5 m g) , E na la pr il (2 0m g) , Fa ri n (5 m g) , Pr es ol ol (5 0 m g) , T ri m et ac or (3 5 m g) , V iv ac e (2 .5 m g) , X al at an s ol A C E in hi bi to rs , ca lc iu m an ta go ni st s, an tia ng in al d ru g, be nz od ia ze pi ne , be ta b lo ck er , an tip la te le t ag en t, or al an tic oa gu la nt , gl au co m a tr ea tm en t an gi na p ec to ri s, de pr es si on , g la uc om a, hy pe rt en si on , ne ur as th en ia , v ei n th ro m bo si s 106 BIOLOGICA NYSSANA ● 12 (2) December 2021: 87-111 Matejić et al. ● Frequency of herbal medicinal products use in Southeastern Serbia L at in n am e, S er bi an na m e an d fa m ily P ar t o f a pl an t F or m P ha rm . f or m N am e of H M P A ll m ed ic in es us ed w it h H M P T he ra py gr ou ps P re se nt d is ea se s w he n H M P w as u se d V ac ci ni um m ac ro ca r- po n A ito n, a m er ič ka bo ro vn ic a, E ri ca ce ae fr uc tu s fr ag m en te d he rb al su bs ta nc e he rb al te a Č aj p lo da br us ni ce / / / V al er ia na o ffi ci na lis L ., va le ri ja na , C ap ri fo lia ce ae ra di x ex tr ac t oi nt m en t, liq ui d, ta bl et A sa m c rv en i ko nj sk i ba lz am , Fe m is an B ka pi , K ap i za u m ir en je , R el ax , Sm ir el a no ć, V al er ija na ka pi B ro m az ep am (3 m g) , C o- A m le ss a (4 m g + 5m g + 1. 25 m g) , N ov oM ix 3 0 Fl ex Pe n (1 00 ij/ m l) , S id at a (5 0 m g) , V iv ac e (5 m g) , V iv ac e pl us A C E in hi bi to rs , an tid ep re ss an t dr ug , an tih yp er te ns iv e dr ug , be nz od ia ze pi ne , in su lin ce lia c di se as e, de pr es si on , hy pe rt en si on , d ia be te s ty pe 1 V er ba sc um p hl om oi de s L ., di vi zm a, Sc ro ph ul ar ia ce ae flo s ex tr ac t sy ru p B ro nh o sa n ja go rč ev in a, tim ija , di vi zm a / / / V is cu m a lb um L ., im el a, S an ta la ce ae he rb a ex tr ac t liq ui d Fe m is an B ka pi / / / V iti s vi ni fe ra L ., gr ož đe , V ita ce ae fo liu m , s em en ex tr ac t oi nt m en t, ta bl et A sa m c rv en i ko nj sk i ba lz am , E rb av en re ta rd , S m ir el a no ć B ro m az ep am (3 m g) , C o- A m le ss a (4 m g + 5 m g + 1. 25 m g) , Si da ta (5 0 m g) , V iv ac e (5 m g) , V iv ac e pl us A C E in hi bi to rs , an tid ep re ss an t dr ug , an tih yp er te ns iv e dr ug , be nz od ia ze pi ne de pr es si on , h yp er te ns io n Ze a m ay s L ., ku ku ru z, Po ac ea e st ig m a fr ag m en te d he rb al su bs ta nc e he rb al te a Č aj k uk ur uz ne sv ile , K ir ko lin a L ux č aj z a m rš av lje nj e, U ro pr ot ek t č aj C on co r ( 5 m g) , D ia ze pa m (5 m g) , G lu fo rm in (1 00 0 m g) , H lo rp ro m az in (2 5 m g) , P ri lin da (5 m g) , T en se c (5 m g) , T re nt al (4 00 m g) A C E in hi bi to rs , an tip sy ch ot ic dr ug , be nz od ia ze pi ne , be ta b lo ck er , or al a nt id ia be tic dr ug , c ir cu la to ry di so rd er s tr ea tm en t de pr es si on , hy pe rt en si on , d ia be te s ty pe 2 107 The results showed that the respondents living in the municipality of Aleksinac used more plant species for prevention and/or treatment of diseases compared to people from Sokobanja and Zaječar, while there was no difference between the respondents when it comes to the number of HMP (Tab. 2). Tab. 3 shows that women used more herbal species when it comes to prevention and/or treatment of the disease compared to men, while there was no difference between the subjects when it comes to the number of HMP. 108 BIOLOGICA NYSSANA ● 12 (2) December 2021: 87-111 Matejić et al. ● Frequency of herbal medicinal products use in Southeastern Serbia Location Number of HMP per patient Number of PS per patient Aleksinac 1.05±0.22 3.33±2.48 Sokobanja 1.12±0.33 1.95±1.87 Zaječar 1.08±0.28 1.77±1.09 Kruskal-Wallis Test Chi-Square=1.037; P=0.596 Chi-Square=9.749; P=0.008 Mann-Whitney U Test Post Hoc / Aleksinac vs. Sokobanja, p=0.002 Aleksinac vs. Zaječar, p=0.038 Sokobanja vs. Zaječar, p=0.816 Table 2. Number of HMP and species per respondent in relation to location PS-plant species Table 3. Number of HMP and species per respondent in relation to location Gender Number of HMP per patient Number of PS per patient Male 1.97±0.25 1.67±1.73 Female 1.13±0.34 2.69±2.12 Mann-Whitney U Test z=-1.065; P=0.287 z=-3.210; P=0.001 Age Number of HMP per patient Number of PS per patient ≤35 1.05±0.22 2.33±1.56 36-50 1.14±0.36 2.61±2.38 51-64 1.09±0.29 2.27±2.29 ≥ 65 1.10±0.31 1.72±1.62 Kruskal-Wallis Test Chi-Square=1.223; P=0.747 Chi-Square=3.504; P=0.320 Mann-Whitney U Test Post Hoc / / Table 4. Number of HMP and plant species per respondent in relation to age The analysis showed (Tab. 4, Tab. 5) there were no differences between the number of used HMP and plant species per subject in relation to age, and that they did not differ in the number of used HMP and plant species per subject in relation to the presence of chronic diseases. Also, in our study it was concluded (Tab. 6) that the subjects did not differ in the number of used HMP and herbal species per subject in relation to the number of conventional medicines per patient. Respondents who did not have finished pharmaceutical products in therapy used HMP for the purpose of prevention in a higher percentage (Tab. 7). Table 5. Number of HMP/species per respondent in relation to chronic diseases Presence of chronic diseases Number of HMP per patient Number of PS per patient YES 1.12±0.33 2.04±2.06 NO 1.08±0.28 2.41±1.95 Mann-Whitney U Test z=-0.597; P=0.550 z=-1.141; P=0.254 In Tab. 8, it can be seen that most finished pharmaceutical products and HMP were used for the same indications. As expected, in the group of patients who used HMP for an indication different from the one for which the respondents used conventional medicines, 63.5% of them did not use medicines at all (Tab. 9). Comparative analysis The area of Southeastern Serbia is known for its rich tradition of using herbal preparations and herbal medicines. The work by Matejić et al. (2020), shows that in the villages of the Timok and Svrljig region, people often opt for the use of plants from nature. This is the first measure of prevention, and even treatment, while they later decide to visit the doctor. According to the results of this ethnobotanical research conducted from 2015 to 2017, the local population used a total of 195 species in traditional treatments, specifically 31 species were used by the population of the Timok region, 77 both by the population of the Timok and Svrljig regions, and 87 by the population of the Srvrljig region. 109 BIOLOGICA NYSSANA ● 12 (2) December 2021: 87-111 Matejić et al. ● Frequency of herbal medicinal products use in Southeastern Serbia Table 6. Selection of indications for the use of HMP in relation to the number of medicines Indication for the use of HP Number of HMP per patient Number of PS per patient 0 medicines 1.12±0.32 2.58±2.24 1-3 medicines 1.10±0.31 2.10±3.78 ≥ 4 medicines 1.07±0.26 1.64±1.42 Kruskal-Wallis Test Chi-Square=0.387; P=0.824 Chi-Square=3.981; P=0.137 Mann-Whitney U Test Post Hoc / / Table 7. The purpose of the use of HMP in relation to the number of finished pharmaceutical products Purpose of using HP 0 medicines 1-3 medicines ≥ 4 medicines Prevention (n=79) 50 (63.29%) 11 (13.92%) 18 (22.78%) Treatment (n=21) 2 (9.52%) 9 (42.86%) 10 (47.62%) χ2 Test χ2=19.821; p<0.001 Table 8. The most common indications for the use of conventional medicines and indications for the use of HMP Indication N (%) Indication N (%) Cardiovascular diseases 37% Cardiovascular diseases 18% Benign prostatic hyperplasia 13% Benign prostatic hyperplasia 19% Mental disorders 12% Mental disorders 11% Diabetes 10% Ocular disorders 6% Other 24% Patients without comorbidity 49 Table 9. Indications for the use of HMP in relation to the number of medicines Indication for the use of HP 0 medicines 1-3 medicines ≥ 4 medicines Same as in the case of finished pharmaceutical products (n=20) 1 (5%) 9 (45%) 10 (50%) Different in relation to the indication of finished pharmaceutical products (n=80) 51 (63.75%) 11 (13.75%) 18 (22.50%) χ2 Test χ2=19.821; p<0.001 The Timok region has a total of 108 species that have been used in the traditional treatment of the population. People most often used the following: Hypericum spp., Matricaria chamomilla, Mentha x piperita, Urtica dioica, Juglans regia and Achillea millefolium. All plant species that were used in the Timok region can be classified into a total of 47 families. Among them, most species are members of the families Lamiaceae, Rosaceae, Asteraceae, Apiaceae and Brassicaceae. Depending on the type of plant, different parts of it were used to make herbal preparations, and in as many as 94.6% of cases the aerial parts, flower, fruit, leaf and root were used. The population most often used herbs to prepare tea, in the form of compresses, as a tincture, fresh and cooked. Most of the plants were used internally (for internal use), 79.5% of the total number of plants, while a smaller number of plants were used externally (for external use), that is 20.5%. Plants from the Timok region were used in the treatment of the following systems: digestive, endocrine, metabolic and nutritional, integumentary, respiratory, circulatory and urinary, with 83.7% of all treated systems (Matejić et al. 2020). The Svrljig region is characterized by a total of 164 different plant species that the population used for traditional medical purposes. In the Svrljig region, the most commonly used were: Satureja montana, Sambucus nigra, Polygonum aviculare, Marrubium vulgare and Teucrium chamaedrys. All species are classified in 64 families, and the largest percentage of them belongs to the Lamiaceae, Rosaceae, Asteraceae, Polygonaceae and Amaryllidaceae. The most used parts of plants were: aerial parts, leaf, flower, fruit and root. In 90.8% of cases, the plants were used in the form of tea, compresses, tinctures, for ritual purposes and fresh. In the largest percentage, the population used plants internally (for internal use), as much as 76.0%, while externally (for external use) 20.8% of the total number of plant species were used. However, 3.2% of species were used both externally and internally. The population used the plants in the treatment of various systems: digestive, endocrine, metabolic and nutritional, circulatory, urinary, integumentary, musculoskeletal and general and nonspecific, which represents 78.7% of all treated systems. The research by Zlatković et al. (2014), conducted from 2011 to 2012, shows that 45 different species were in use on Mount Rtanj. The most commonly used was Hypericum perforatum. The largest percentage of the used plants belonged to the families Lamiaceae, Rosaceae and Asteraceae. They were used primarily in the treatment of the immune, respiratory and digestive systems. The work by Jarić et al. (2015) showed that in the region of Suva planina the population used 128 different plant species in the period from 2012 to 2014. Most of them used the following species: Achillea millefolium, Allium cepa, Allium sativum, Arctostaphyllos uva-ursi, Gentiana lutea, Hypericum perforatum, Juglans regia, Matricaria chamomilla, Mentha x piperita, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago major, Salvia officinalis, Sempervivum tectorum, Tilia cordata and Thymus serpyllum. All used species are classified according to families, and the most common families were: Asteraceae, Rosaceae, Brassicaceae and Alliaceae. These herbs were used to treat mainly the respiratory system, disorders of the genitourinary and the digestive system. The research by Janaćković et al. (2019), realized during 2016, indicates that 37 wild species were used among the population of Negotin Valley, most often the following: Matricaria chamomilla, Urtica dioica, Hypericum perforatum, Salvia officinalis, Plantago major, Achillea millefolilium, Calendula officinalis and Taraxacum campylodes. The largest percentage belonged to the families Lamiaceae, Asteraceae and Rosaceae, and they were primarily used to treat the immune, digestive and respiratory systems, as well as skin diseases. All these ethnopharmacological researches are related to the plants used in traditional medicine, while our study gives a review of the plant species and HMP which are ingredients of pharmacological products and are distributed in public pharmacies. The number of people who use these pharmacological products increase even in rural areas. Conclusions Obtained results reflect a high frequency of the use of HMP in Southeastern Serbia. Residents of this area are more likely to opt for the use of various natural products than for conventional medicines. They use HMP to treat many diseases, and often in their prevention. The most commonly used preparation was Urasan forte. The composition of this preparation includes nutmeg (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne), one of the most common plant species. It is used in prostate hyperplasia, which together with other diseases of the urinary system often occurs in the inhabitants of this area. The most common species was bitter orange (Citrus x aurantium L.), an integral part of many HMP used in the treatment of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, venous thrombosis and sinusitis. Most of the inhabitants suffered from hypertension, as confirmed by the relevant research conducted in this area. The results showed that the respondents from Aleksinac used more species for prevention and/or treatment of diseases compared BIOLOGICA NYSSANA ● 12 (2) December 2021: 87-111 110 Matejić et al. ● Frequency of herbal medicinal products use in Southeastern Serbia to people from Sokobanja and Zaječar, while there was no difference between the respondents when it comes to the number of HMP. Respondents who did not have conventional medicines in therapy used HMP for prevention in a higher percentage. The local population prefers simple consumption of preparations in the form of capsules and tablets, but the traditional use of herbal teas is also very common. Acknowledgements. The authors thank the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia for financial support (Grant No: 451-03-68/2020-14/ 200178, 451-03-9/2021-14/200113). We owe a special thanks to the Adonis Pharmacy (https:// www.adonisapoteka.rs), which made this research pos- sible. 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