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BIOLOGICA NYSSANA  2 (1)  September 2011: 77-81                       Stanković, M.  Rare, threatened and relict species in flora… 
  

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Short Communication 

!

Rare, threatened and relict species in flora of SNR Zasavica 
 

Stanković Mihajlo*1 
 
 
1Special Nature Reserve „Zasavica“, S. Mitrovica, Serbia 

* E-mail: zasavica@zasavica.org.rs 
 
 

Abstract:  
Stanković, M.: Rare, threatened and relict species in flora of SNR Zasavica. Biologica Nyssana, 2 (1), 
September 2011: 77-81. 

In group of biodiversity important plant species there are 23 taxa. 20 taxa are mentioned in „Preliminary Red 
List of flora of Serbia and Montenegro with IUCN 2001 Conservation Statuses“ in following categories: two as 
critically endangered (Aldrovanda vesiculosa L. and Hottonia palustris L.), four as endangered (Hippuris 
vulgaris L., Lindernia palustris Hartm., Ranunculus lingua L. and Urtica kioviensis Rogow.), five as vulnerable 
(Achillea aspleniifolia Vent., Dryopteris carthusiana (Vill.) H. P. Fuchs, Leucojum aestivum L. subsp. aestivum, 
Stratiotes aloides L. and Thelypteris palustris (Schott) subsp.palustris, while 9 are with indefinite categories 
(CR-VU), due to data deficient (DD). Special Nature Reserve „Zasavica“ is the only habitat in Serbia for 
Aldrovanda vesiculosa L., which was until 2005. considered as extinct from Serbia. 

Key words: distribution, European adder, Vipera berus, Vlasina plateau 
 
 
Introduction 

!
The first data on the flora and vegetation of 

North Mačva (Peripannonian Serbia), and therefore 
the site of today's Special Nature Reserve 
"Zasavica" give Josif P a n č i ć  (1867) and Ernest 
D o m b r o w s k i  (1895). Then followed a period of 
over half a century of sporadic research by small 
groups and individual researchers. In 1995 an 
initiative to protect river and a Decree was adopted 
on the previous Protection (Official Gazette RS, 
51/95). At the suggestion of the Institute for Nature 
Protection of Serbia Government of the 1997th The 
declared Special Nature Reserve "Zasavica (Official 
Gazette RS, 19/97). This paper aims to show the 
total value of the diversity of flora SRP "Zasavica. 
Zasavica area is included in the IPA region of Serbia 
S t e v a n o v i ć  &  Š i n ž a r - S e k u l i ć  (2009). 

 
 
 

 
 

Material and methods 
 
Based on our field studies conducted on the 

territory of the Special Nature Reserve “Zasavica” 
and adjacent areas from 1997 to 2010. as well as on 
herbarium and literature sources, the distribution 
data of vascular plant taxa with great conservation 
value and some rare taxa were collected. Voucher 
specimens were deposited in Herbarium of Institute 
for Nature Protection of Vojvodina province, 
Herbarium BEOU, BEO, BUNS and Herbarium of 
Special Nature Reserve “Zasavica” in Sremska 
Mitrovica. Identification and revision of plant 
material were carried out according to T u t i n  et al. 
(1968-1980; 1996), G a j i ć  &  K a r a d ž i ć  (1991) 
and J á v o r k a  &  C s a p o d y  (1975). Threatened 
status of plant taxa is represented according to 
“Preliminary Red List of flora of Serbia and 
Montenegro with IUCN 2001 Conservation 
Statuses” S t e v a n o v i ć  (2002). The floristic 
elements are given according to the classification of 
G a j i ć  (1980).  

 
 

2 (1) • September 2011: 77-81 



BIOLOGICA NYSSANA  2 (1)  September 2011: 77-81                       Stanković, M.  Rare, threatened and relict species in flora… 

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Results and Discussion 
 
In group of biodiversity important plant 

species there are 23 taxa. According to „ 
Proclamation & Regulation Act of Strictly Protected 
and Protected wild plant, animal and fungi species“ 
(Official Gazette RS, 36/09) 11 species are ranked 
as strictly protected and 46 as protected. Also, 20 
taxa are mentioned in „Preliminary Red List of flora 
of Serbia and Montenegro with IUCN 2001 
Conservation Statuses“ S t e v a n o v i ć  (2002) in 
following categories: two as critically endangered 
(CR): Aldrovanda vesiculosa L., Hottonia palustris 
L.), four as endangered (EN): Hippuris vulgaris L., 
Lindernia palustris Hartm., Ranunculus lingua L., 
Urtica kioviensis Rogow., five as vulnerable (VU): 
Achillea asplenifolia Vent., Dryopteris carthusiana 
(Vill.) H. P. Fuchs, Leucojum aestivum L., Stratiotes 
aloides L. and Thelypteris palustris (Schott) 
subsp.palustris, while 9 are with indefinite 
categories (CR-VU), due to data deficient (DD). 
Special Nature Reserve „Zasavica“ is the only 
habitat in Serbia for Aldrovanda vesiculosa L., 
which was until 2005. considered as extinct from 
Serbia (J a n k o v i ć  &  S t e v a n o v i ć  1999: 100; 
S t a n k o v i ć  2007: 35-37). On Appendix I of 
Convention on the Conservation of European 
Wildlife and Natural Habitats (Strictly Protected 
Flora Species) as well as on IPA Criterion A, 
threatened species List are 3 species (Aldrovanda 
vesiculosa L., Lindernia palustris Hartm.,  Salvinia 
natans (L.) All.). One species (Galanthus nivalis 
L.subsp.nivalis) is protected by CITES Convention 
(Convention on International Trade in Endangered 
Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, Аppendix 2). 
According Turrill (1929) followt tertiary relicts of 
Balkan Peniusula are recorded: Stratiotes aloides L., 
Trapa natans agg., Butomus umbellatus L., 
Erythronium dens-canis L. subsp.dens-canis, 
Humulus lupulus L., Hydrocharis morsus-ranae L., 
Isopyrum thalictroides L., Loranthus europaeus 
Jacq., Tamus communis L.subsp.communis, Viscum 
album L.subsp.album, Aldrovanda vesiculosa L. 
Some species abserved in Zasavica Reserve inchude 
tertiary relicts of southern Europe wetlands  as 
indicated by pollen analysis of peatbogs D i k l i ć  
(1984) include Nymphaea alba L., Nuphar lutea (L.) 
Sibthorp. & Sm. subsp.lutaea, Salvinia natans 
(L.)Allioni i Nymphoides peltata (S.G.Gmelin) O. 
Kuntze.  

Or Hippuris vulgaris is the only 
representative of genus Hippuris oligotips 
cirkumholoarctic in Europe, which includes two 
species in America and Asia. The sites in Serbia are 
on the southern border area of its kind in Europe. 
V u č k o v i ć  &  P a n j k o v i ć  (1999), while 

Hottonia palustris belongs oligotips relict genus 
Hottonia that includes more H. inflata Elliot. 
B u t o r a c  (1999).  In the area of the reserve 
Hippuris vulgaris is in the process of withdrawal 
and Hottonia palustris and Ranunculus lingua show 
a tenddency to spread. By 2005. the largest 
population among the Zasavica relic species had 
Stratiotes aloides, which was covered with up to 
90% of watercourses, and now appears with emerse 
belt, so that the steady increase in water level former 
caps (congestion) rivers have disappeared in many 
parts of Zasavica item. Floating reed islands 
inhabited by Urtica kioviensis Rogow. and  
Schoenoplectus triqueter (L.) Palla  for which the 
Peri Serbian southern border area B r a n k o v i ć  et 
al. (1996), while Achillea asplenifolia Vent. 
Pannonian subendemic taxa found on the marshy 
meadows and are located on the southern border of 
its area. S o ό  (1970). Present U. kioviensis has riven 
range in eastern and central Europe with the 
southern limit of its range in the Pannonian Plain 
and the possibility of its occurrence in neoendem 
wetlands Pannonian Plain B r a n k o v i ć  et al. 
(1996). The patient was only present in Vojvodina 
part. This type tends to spread within the reserve. 
The period of glaciation with its interglacial had 
significantly poorer flora in relation to the warm 
Tertiary. By E n g l e r  (1905) after the first 
glaciation there was a steppe interglacial stage, 
where in Central Europe rather than form a steppe 
tundra vegetation and some of those plants in the 
period represented postglacial endemic steppe 
periods. During the upcoming second glaciation in 
central and southern part of Europe remained in part 
as glacial and partly as interglacial species 
Ceratophyllum demersum L.subsp. demersum 
Riparian forests are the habitat of relict species 
Thelypteris palustris J a n k o v i ć  et al. (1997). 
Some species such as Utricularia vulgaris, 
Sparganium erectum subsp. erectum, the species 
Myriophyllum spicatum, which were very present in 
marsh interglacial flora in Europe, and still are 
widespread. Four relict species that grow on 
Zasavica are critically endangered species of flora of 
Serbia. 
 
Conclusion 

 
In group of biodiversity important plant 

species there are 23 taxa. According to „ 
Proclamation & Regulation Act of Strictly 
Protected and Protected wild plant, animal and 
fungi species“, 11 species are ranked as strictly 
protected and 46 as protected. Also, 20 taxa are 
mentioned in „Preliminary Red List of flora of 



BIOLOGICA NYSSANA  2 (1)  September 2011: 77-81                       Stanković, M.  Rare, threatened and relict species in flora… 
  

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Serbia and Montenegro with IUCN 2001 
Conservation Statuses“ in following categories: 
two as critically endangered (CR) species, four 
as endangered (EN) species, five as vulnerable 
(VU) species, while 9 are with indefinite 
categories (CR-VU), due to data deficient (DD). 
Special Nature Reserve „Zasavica“ is the only 
habitat in Serbia for Aldrovanda vesiculosa L., 
which was until 2005. considered as extinct 
from Serbia. On Appendix I of Convention on 
the Conservation of European Wildlife and 

Natural Habitats (Strictly Protected Flora 
Species) as well as on IPA Criterion A 
(A n d e r s o n , 2002, A n d e r s o n  et al., 2005), 
threatened species list are 3 species. One 
species is protected by CITES Convention. To 
understand the importance of international 
protection Zasavica shows and its nominations 
for the 2005 IPA area as well received as a 
member of the Federation EUROPARK 2001 
and the proclamation of the Ramsar Site in 
2009.  

 
Table 1. Plant species significant for biodiversity conservation 
 

 
 
 

TAXA 

Preliminary 
Red List of 

flora of Serbia 
and 

Montenegro 

St
ri

ct
ly

 
pr

ot
ec

te
d 

IUCN 
Conservation 

status 

IP
A

 C
ri

te
ri

on
 

B
er

n 
C

on
ve

nt
io

n

1 Achillea asplenifolia Vent.   VU   
2 Aldrovanda vesiculosa L.   CR   
3 Arum orientale Bieb.   VU-NT (DD)   
4 Callitriche palustris L.   EN-VU (DD)   
5 Cyperus glomeratus L.   NT-LC (DD)   
6 Dryopteris carthusiana (Vill.) H. P. Fuchs   VU   
7 Erysimum cheiranthoides L.   VU-NT (DD)   
8 Hesperis sylvestris Crantz   VU-NT (DD)   
9 Hippuris vulgaris L.   EN   

10 Hottonia palustris L.   CR   
11 Leucojum aestivum L.   VU   
12 Lindernia palustris Hartm   EN   
13 Lygia passerina (L.) Fassano   VU-NT (DD)   

14 
Nuphar lutea (L.) Sibthorp. & Sm. 
subsp.lutaea 

    
 

15 Nymphaea alba L.      
16 Ranunculus lingua L.   EN   
17 Salvinia natans (L.) All.      
18 Scirpus triqueter L.   CR-VU (DD)   
19 Stratiotes aloides L.   VU   

20 
Thelypteris palustris (Schott) subsp. 
palustris,   

  VU  
 

21 Urtica kioviensis Rogow.   EN   
22 Utricularia australis R. Br.   EN-VU (DD)   
23 Zannichellia palustris L.   VU-LC (DD)   

 
 
 



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