ANTICANCER COMPOUNDS FROM MEDICINAL PLANTS BIOLOGICA NYSSANA 5 (2)  December 2014: 103-112 Papović, O. et al.  Phytogeographical analysis and endemism of the flora … 103 Original Article Received: 21 September 2014 Revised: 06 December 2014 Accepted: 20 December 2014 Phytogeographical characteristics and endemism of the flora of Rogozna Mt. (SW Serbia) Olivera Papović1, Milica Miljković2, Novica Ranđelović2, Vladimir Ranđelović2 1University of Pristine, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Department of Biology, Ive Lole Ribara 29, 38220 Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia 2University of Niš, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Department of Biology and Ecology, Višegradska 33, 18000 Niš, Serbia * Corresponding autor: olja.bio@open.telekom.rs Abstract: Papović, O., Miljković, M., Ranđelović, N., Ranđelović, V.: Phytogeographical characteristics and endemism of the flora of Rogozna Mt. (SW Serbia). Biologica Nyssana, 5 (2), December 2014: 103-112. Based on presence of area types and area groups, the phytogeographical analysis show that Rogozna Mt. is area with eurasian-submediterranean-centraleuropean-pontic characteristics. Eurasian area type is dominant in the flora of Rogozna Mt. Detailed analysis of the Eurasian area type showed a numerous presence of the species with Central European-Mediterranean (73) and Central European-Mediterranean-Pontic (73) types of distribution. The influence of the Mediterranean region is especially pronounced. There are 117 species with Mediterranean-Submediterranean type of distribution, many of which are endemics or subendemics. Typical Pontic elements of flora are present in very low percent (1.27%), but taxa with Mediterranean-Pontic (14.7%) and Central-European-Mediterranean-Pontic (9.38%) are numerous. The presence of an imposing number of endemic taxa (51) has a great significance from the aspect of biodiversity and conservation of the area. Key words: area-types and groups, endemites, flora Apstrakt: Papović, O., Miljković, M., Ranđelović, N., Ranđelović, V.: Fitogeografske karakteristike i endemizam flore planine Rogozne (JZ Srbija). Biologica Nyssana, 5 (2), Decembar 2014: 103-112. Na osnovu zastupljenosti areal-tipova i areal-grupa, fitogeografskom analizom je utvrđeno da planina Rogozna predstavlja područje sa evroazijsko-submediteransko-srednjeevropsko-pontskim karakteristikama. Evroazijski areal-tip je dominantan u flori Rogozne. Detaljna analiza evroazijskog areal-tipa pokazuje brojno učešće taksona srednjeevropsko-mediteranskog (73) i srednjeevropsko-mediteransko-pontskog (73 taksona) tipa distribucije. Uticaj mediteranskog regiona je naročito izražen. Prisutno je 117 taksona mediteransko- submediteranskog tipa distribucije, od kojih su mnoge endemiti i subendemiti. Tipični pontski elementi flore je prisutan sa malim procentom (1.27%), ali su taksoni sa mediteransko-pontskim (14.7%) i srednjeevropsko- mediteransko-pontskim (9.38%) brojni. Prisustvo impozantnog broja endemičnih taksona (51) ima veliki značaj sa aspekta biodiverziteta i očuvanje područja. Ključne reči: areal-tipovi i grupe, endemiti, flora 5 (2) • December 2014: 103-112 BIOLOGICA NYSSANA 5 (2)  December 2014: 103-112 Papović, O. et al.  Phytogeographical analysis and endemism of the flora … 104 Introduction Rogozna is the mountain located in southwestern Serbia (P a p o v i ć et al., 2014). According to phytogeographical division of the Southeastern Europe (H o r v a t et al., 1974) the Rogozna Mt. is situated near the border of the Illyrian, West Mesian and Scardo-Pindhian provinces of the Balkan floristic subregions (Fig. 1). Such position of the mountain reflects to a large extent on the genesis of its flora. In addition, geological composition of the terrain has a significant influence on the phytogeographical and ecological characteristics of the flora. It is represented by Upper Cretaceous flysch of Kosovska Mitrovica which seals the immediate contact between the ophiolite mélange of the Vardar Zone and Drina–Ivanjica metamorphic unit in the east and west, respectively (B o r o j e v i ć - Š o š t a r i ć et al., 2012). In the central part of mountain, serpentine rocks (ophiolite) are brought to the surface. East and west of them widespread dacite-andesite and quartz latite (M i l o v a n o v i ć & K a r a m a t a , 1960; U r o š e v i ć et al., 1966, 1970). On the surface of serpentine rocks, very fragile and fine-grained, poor soil is developed, whose water and mineral regime are unfavourable (P r o d a n o v i ć et al., 2010). Areas of the soil-rock systems, which may be grouped together as serpentines occur in many parts of the world and, wherever they occur, are known by their remarkable plant life (W h i t t a k e r , 1954). The plants which develop on serpentines are called serpentinophytes (P a v l o v i ć , 1962; V a s i ć & D i k l i ć , 2001). According to preference for the serpentine supstrate, serpentinophyte can be obligate (plants which are mainly growing on serpentine) and facultative (plants which often grow on serpentine, but also inhabit other kinds of supstrate) (S t e v a n o v i ć et al., 2003). The aims of this study are to determine phytogeographical characteristics of the flora of Rogozna Mt. based on the presence of area types and groups of plant taxa. Special attention was paid to the obligate serpentinophytes and endemics. Material and methods The analysis is based on the floristic list shown in the article “Analysis of the flora of Rogozna Mountain in Southwestern Serbia“ (P a p o v i ć et al., 2014) supplemented (see Tab. 1.) by data from the literature (R e x h e p i , 1979; K r i v o š e j et al., 2013; P r o d a n o v i ć et al., 2013) and herbarium collection (HMN). Fig 1. Position of Rogozna Mt. on phytogeographical map of the southeastern Europe based on H o r v a t et al. (1974) BIOLOGICA NYSSANA 5 (2)  December 2014: 103-112 Papović, O. et al.  Phytogeographical analysis and endemism of the flora … 105 Nomenclature was correlated with Med- Checklist (G r e u t e r et al., 1984-1989), Flora Europaea (T u t i n et al., 1964-1980), and Euro+Med PlantBase (Euro+Med, 2006). Area types, groups and floristic elements of the plant species were defined by M e u s e l et al. (1965, 1978), M e u s e l and J ä g e r (1992) and S t e v a n o v i ć (1992). Results Revision of the flora of Rogozna Mt. List of the species shown in previous article (P a p o v i ć et al., 2014) is supplemented with 17 species (Tab. 1). After herbarium revision, it was established that misidentification occurred in the case of 6 species, where data related to other taxa (Tab. 2). Some of the species do not grow on the Rogozna Mt., such as Andromeda polyfolia L., Potentilla leucopolitana P.J. Mueller, Angelica verticilaris L., Hacquetia epipactis (Scop.) DC., Tordilium apulum L., Cerastium transsilvanicum Schur., Dianthus ciliatus Guss., Dianthus serotinus Waldst. & Kit. and Melampyrum fimbriatum Vandas. Phytogeographical analysis For the phytogeographical analysis, all plant taxa were classified into 12 area types and 20 area groups (Tab. 3). As expected, the largest number of the species has Eurasian type of distribution (360 taxa), but also numerous taxa that have a Mediterranean (118) and Meridional-submeridional (121) type of distribution. The other area types and groups contribute with small percentages to the chorological composition of the Rogozna Mt. flora. Table 1. The list of supplemented plant species according to the literature and herbarium data Plant species Data Asparagus tenuifolius Lam., Asparagaceae Rexhepi, 1979 Bupleurum tenuissimum L., Apiaceae Prodanović et al., 2013 Laburnum alpinum (Mill.) Bercht. et J. Presl., Fabaceae Prodanović et al., 2013 Ophioglossum vulgatum L., Ophioglossaceae Krivošej et al., 2013 Hedera helix L., Araliaceae HMN Sedum album L., Crassulaceae HMN Carex caryophyllea Latour., Cyperaceae HMN Cheilanthes persica (Bory) Kuhn, Adiantaceae HMN Euphorbia amygdaloides L., Euphorbiaceae HMN Robinia pseudoacacia L., Fabaceae HMN Quercus frainetto Ten., Fagaceae HMN Erodium cicutarium (L.) L'Herit, Geraniaceae HMN Scilla bifolia L., Liliaceae HMN Corydalis solida (L.) Clairv., Plantaginaceae HMN Plantago lanceolata L., Plantaginaceae HMN P. major L., Plantaginaceae HMN Anthoxanthum odoratum L., Poaceae HMN Table 2. Revision of the list of flora of Rogozna Mt. from P a p o v i ć et al. (2014) Incorrectly listed taxa Correct name Alnus viridis (Chaix) Lam. et D.C. A. glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. Cerastium grandiflorum Waldst. & Kit. C. decalvans Schlosser & Vuk. Cerastium sylvaticum Waldst. & Kit. C. fontanum Baumg. Dianthus pinifolius Sibth. & Sm. ssp. pinifolius D. pinifolius Sibth. & Sm. ssp. serbicus Wettst. Silene bupleuroides L. ssp. bupleuroides S. bupleuroides L. ssp. staticifolia (Sibth. & Sm.) Chowd. Sempervivum heuffelii Schott Jovibarba heuffelii (Schott) Á. Löve & D. Löve Tulipa scardica Bornm. T. serbica Tatić et Krivošej BIOLOGICA NYSSANA 5 (2)  December 2014: 103-112 Papović, O. et al.  Phytogeographical analysis and endemism of the flora … 106 Table 3. Phytogeographical spectrum of the Rogozna Mt. (N – number of taxa, % - percent of the total flora) AREA TYPE/Area group/Area subgroup N % COSMOPOLITAN (Cosm) 23 2.92 HOLARCTIC (Hol) 38 4.82 PALAEOHOLARCTIC-PALAEOTROPIC (Ph-Pt) 6 0.76 BOREAL (Bor) 7 0.89 ARCTIC-ALPINE (A-A) 2 0.25 ANTROPOHORIC (Ant) 7 0.89 EURASIAN (EA) 358 45.43 Eurasian (EA) 213 27.03 Eurasian (EA) 117 14.83 West Eurasian (EAW) 96 12.17 Central European-Mediterranean-Pontic (Ce-M-P) 73 9.26 C. European-Mediterranean-Pontic-Oriental-Turanian (Ce-Med-Pont-Or-Tur) 3 0.38 C. European-Mediterranean-Pontic-Oriental (Ce-Med-Pont-Or) 22 2.79 C. European-Mediterranean-Pontic (Ce-Med-Pont) 45 5.70 C. European-Pontic (Ce-Pont) 3 0.38 Central European-Mediterranean (Ce-Med) 73 9.26 Central European-Mediterranean (Ce-Med) 66 8.37 Central European-Submediterranean (Ce-Smed) 7 0.89 EURASIAN MOUNTAIN (EAM) 50 6.34 Eurasian Mountain (EAM) 6 0.76 Eurasian Mountain (EAM) 2 0.25 West Eurasian Mountain (EAMW) 4 0.51 South European Mountain (SEM) 18 2.28 S. European Mountain (SEM) 12 1.39 Apenninic-Balkanic-Anatolian (Ap-Balk-An) 1 0.13 Balkanic (Balk) 5 0.63 Central S. European Mountain (CSEM) 26 3.30 CSEM-Caucasian (CSEM-Cau) 1 0.13 Central S. European Mountain (CSEM) 18 2.28 (Illyrian)-Balkanic ((Illyr)-Balk) 5 0.64 Balkanic-Anatolian (Balk-an) 1 0.13 Alpine-Balkanic-Carpathian (Alp-Balk-Carp) 1 0.13 CENTRAL EUROPEAN (CE) 51 6.46 Centraleuropean (CE) 41 5.20 Alpine-Apenninic-Balkanic (Alp-Apen-Balk) 1 0.13 Alpine-Balkanic-Carpathian (Alp-Balk-Carp) 1 0.13 Balkanic-Carpathian (Balk-Carp) 3 0.38 Pannonian-Balkanic (Pan-Balk) 1 0.13 Balkanic (Balk) 4 0.51 PONTIC-SOUTH SIBERIAN (Pont-SS) 10 1.27 Balkanic-Pontic (Balk-pont) 1 0.13 Pontic (Pont) 9 1.14 MERIDIONAL-SUBMERIDIONAL (MSM) 118 14.96 Mediterranean-Pontic-Oriental (Med-Pont-Or) 4 0.51 Mediterranean-Submediterranean-Oriental-Turanian (Med-Smed-Or-Turan) 1 0.13 Mediterranean-Submediterranean-Oriental (Med-Smed-Or) 3 0.38 Medeterranean-Pontic (Med-Pont) 114 14.45 Atlantic-Medeterranean-Pontic (Atl-Med-Pont) 2 0.25 Medeterranean-Pontic (Med-Pont) 35 4.44 Submediterranean-Pontic (Smed-Pont) 77 9.76 MEDITERRANEAN-SUBMEDITERRANEAN (Med-Smed) 118 14.95 Mediterranean-Submediterranean (Med-Smed) 51 6.46 BIOLOGICA NYSSANA 5 (2)  December 2014: 103-112 Papović, O. et al.  Phytogeographical analysis and endemism of the flora … 107 AREA TYPE/Area group/Area subgroup N % Mediterranean-Submediterranean (Med-Smed) 28 3.55 Mediterranean-E. Submediterranean (Med-ESmed) 3 0.38 Submediterranean (Smed) 20 2.53 E. Mediterranean-E. Submediterranean (EMed-ESmed) 67 8.19 E. Mediterranean 12 1.52 Alpine-(Illyrian)-Balkanic (Alp-(Illyr)-Balk) 5 0.64 Alpine-Balcanic-Carpathian (Alp-Balk-Carp) 1 0.13 Apenninic-(Dacian-Illyrian)-Balkanic (Apen-(Dac-Illyr)-Balk) 4 0.51 Apenninic-Balkanic-Anatolian (Apen-Balk-Anatol) 1 0.13 (Illyrian)-Balkanic-Anatolian-(Crimean) ((Illyr)-Balk-Anat-(Crim)) 5 0.64 Balkanic-Dacian-(Danubian) (Balk-Dac-(Danub) 2 0.25 Illyrian-Balkanic-Anatolian-Caucasian (Illyr-Balk-Anat-Cau) 1 0.13 Balkanic-Caucasian (Balk-Cau) 2 0.25 Illyrian-Balkanic-Crimean (Illyr-Balk-Crim) 1 0.13 (Illyrian)-Balkanic-Carpathian (Balk-Carp) 4 0.51 (Illyrian)-Balkanic ((Illyr)-Balk) 29 3.66 TOTAL 789 100.00 Table 4. List of the obligate serpentinophytes distributed on Rogozna Mt. Plant taxa Area type Floristic element Stachys recta L. subsp. baldaccii (K. Malý) Haye SEM Dinaric-Scardo-Pindhian Bromus pannonicus Kummer & Sendtner MSM Balkan-Pontic-Pannonian Asplenium cuneifolium Viv. CE Central European Silene paradoxa L. Med-smed Mediterranean-Submediterranean Paragymnopteris marantae (L.) K. H. Shing Med-smed Mediterranean-Submediterranean Hypochaeris illyrica K. Malý Med-smed E Illyrian-Moesian Halacsya sendtneri (Boiss.) Dörfler Med-smed Moesian-Scardo-Pindhian Scrophularia tristis (K. Malý) Šilić Med-smed Illyrian-Moesian Alyssum bertolonii Desv. Med-smed Moesian-Scardo-Pindhian Alyssum markgrafii O. E. Schulz ex Markgraf Med-smed Moesian-Scardo-Pindhian Fumana bonapartei Maire & Petitmengin Med-smed Illyrian-Scardo-Pindhian Sedum serpentini Janchen Med-smed Moesian-Scardo-Pindhian Scabiosa fumarioides Vis. & Pančić Med-smed Moesian-Scardo-Pindhian Thymus lykae Degen Med-smed W Moesian-Scardo-Pindhian Tulipa serbica Tatić & Krivošej Med-smed W Moesian Orobanche nowackiana Markgraf Med-smed Dinaric-Scardo-Pindhian Helleborus serbicus Adamović Med-smed Dinaric-W Moesian Galium rubrum L. Med-smed C Mediterranean-Submediterranean Haplophyllum boissieranum Vis. & Pančić Med-smed Moesian-Scardo-Pindhian Obligate serpentinophytes and its phytogeographical characteristics On the Rogozna Mt. 19 plant taxa from the group of obligate serpentinophytes based on S t e v a n o v i ć et al. (2003) were recorded (Tab. 4). One of these - Tulipa serbica, is the local endemic for Rogozna Mt. (T a t i ć & K r i v o š e j , 1997). Most of the other obligate serpentinophytes are the Balkan endemics (12 taxa) or subendemics (2 taxa), while 4 taxa have a wider distribution – Central European or Mediterranean- Submediterranean. Endemism of the flora The endemic plants are very important plant group for understanding the florogenetic tendencies and phytogeographic characteristics of each region (R a n đ e l o v i ć et al., 2008). Based on the complete list of plant taxa inhabiting the Rogozna Mt., a list of 51 Balkan endemic taxa was prepared (Tab. 5). The largest number of the endemic taxa has a Mediteranean-Submediteranean type of distribution (Fig. 2). BIOLOGICA NYSSANA 5 (2)  December 2014: 103-112 Papović, O. et al.  Phytogeographical analysis and endemism of the flora … 108 Table 5. List of the Balkan endemics distributed on Rogozna Mt. Plant taxa Area type Floristic element Campanula sparsa Friv. subsp. sphaerothrix (Griseb.) Hayek CE Adriatic-Egean-Macedonic-Thracian- Moesian-Dacian Trifolium medium L. subsp. balcanicum Velen. CE Dinaric-Moesian-Scardo-Pindhian Acer hyrcanum Fischer & C. A. Meyer subsp. intermedium (Pančić) Bornm. CE Dinaric-Moesian-Scardo-Pindhian- Peloponnesian Acer heldreichii Orph. ex Boiss. subsp. visianii K. Malý CE Moesian-Scardo-Pindhian Trifolium velenovskyi Vandas CE Moesian-Scardo-Pindhian Knautia dinarica (Murb.) Borbás subsp. dinarica EAM/CSEM Dinaric-Moesian Stachys alpina L. subsp. dinarica Murb. EAM/CSEM Dinaric-Scardo-Pindhian Viola aetolica Boiss. & Heldr. subsp. kopaonikensis Pančić ex Tomović & Niketić, ined. EAM/CSEM Dinaric-W Moesian Pastinaca hirsuta Pančić EAM/CSEM E Moesian Tephroseris crassifolia (Schultes) Griseb. & Schenk EAM/CSEM Illyrian-Moesian Silene sendtneri Boiss. subsp. sendtneri EAM/CSEM Illyrian-Moesian-Scardo-Pindhian Campanula moesiaca Velen. EAM/CSEM Moesian-Scardo-Pindhian Melampyrum scardicum Wettst. EAM/CSEM Moesian-Scardo-Pindhian Trifolium trichopterum Pančić EAM/CSEM Scardo-Pindhian-Macedonic-Thracian Cerastium decalvans Schlosser & Vuk. subsp. leontopodium (Stoj. et Stef.) Niketic EAM/SEM Dinaric-Moesian-Scardo-Pindhian- Hellenic-Peloponnesian Dianthus cruentus Griseb. subsp. cruentus EAM/SEM Dinaric-Moesian-Scardo-Pindhian- Peloponnesian Stachys scardica (Griseb.) Hayek EAM/SEM Dinaric-Moesian-Scardo-Pindhian- Thessaly Acinos alpinus (L.) Moench subsp. albanicus (Kümmerle & Jáv.) Niketić EAM/SEM Dinaric-Scardo-Pindhian Stachys recta L. subsp. baldaccii (K. Malý) Haye EAM/SEM Dinaric-Scardo-Pindhian Pimpinella serbica (Vis.) Bentham & Hooker fil. ex Drude EAM/SEM Moesian-Scardo-Pindhian Erysimum kuemmerlei Jáv. EAM/SEM Moesian-Scardo-Pindhian- Macedonic-Thracian Dianthus pinifolius Sibth. & Sm. subsp. serbicus Wettst. Med-smed Dacian-Moesian-Scardo-Pindhian Linum hologynum Reichenb. Med-smed Dacian-Moesian-Scardo-Pindhian Galatella albanica Degen Med-smed Dinaric-Adriatic-W Moesian-Scardo- Pindhian Eryngium palmatum Pančić & Vis. Med-smed Dinaric-Moesian-Scardo-Pindhian Trifolium pignantii Fauché & Chaub. Med-smed Dinaric-Moesian-Scardo-Pindhian- Thessaly Alyssum markgrafii O. E. Schulz ex Markgraf Med-smed Dinaric-Scardo-Pindhian Orobanche nowackiana Markgraf Med-smed Dinaric-Scardo-Pindhian Melampyrum heracleoticum Boiss. & Orph. Med-smed Dinaric-Scardo-Pindhian-Thessaly Helleborus serbicus Adamović Med-smed Dinaric-W Moesian Linaria rubioides Vis. & Pančić subsp. rubioides Med-smed Dinaric-W Moesian Melampyrum hoermannianum K. Malý Med-smed E Illyrian-Dinaric-Moesian Hypochaeris illyrica K. Malý Med-smed Illyrian-Moesian Scrophularia tristis (K. Malý) Šilić Med-smed Illyrian Onosma echioides L. dalmatica (Scheele) Peruzzi & N. G. Passal. Med-smed Illyrian-Adratic-Dinaric Hieracium tommasinianum K. Malý Med-smed Illyrian-Moesian-Scardo-Pindhian Scabiosa fumarioides Vis. & Pančić Med-smed Illyrian-Moesian-Scardo-Pindhian Acanthus hungaricus (Borbás) Baenitz Med-smed Illyrian-Moesian-Scardo-Pindhian- Macedonic-Thracian Thymus praecox Opiz subsp. jankae (Čelak.) Jalas Med-smed Illyrian-Moesian-Scardo-Pindhian- Macedonic-Thracian Fumana bonapartei Maire & Petitmengin Med-smed Illyrian-Scardo-Pindhian BIOLOGICA NYSSANA 5 (2)  December 2014: 103-112 Papović, O. et al.  Phytogeographical analysis and endemism of the flora … 109 Plant taxa Area type Floristic element Halacsya sendtneri (Boiss.) Dörfler Med-smed Illyrian-W Moesian-Scardo-Pindhian Sedum serpentini Janchen Med-smed Illyrian-W Moesian-Scardo-Pindhian Potentilla visianii Pančić Med-smed Illyrian-W Moesian-Scardo-Pindhian Haplophyllum boissieranum Vis. & Pančić Med-smed Illyrian-W Moesian-Scardo-Pindhian Eryngium serbicum Pančić Med-smed Moesian Tragopogon pterodes Pančić ex Petrović Med-smed Moesian-Macedonic-Thracian Alyssum montanum L. subsp. serbicum Novák Med-smed Moesian-Scardo-Pindhian Bupleurum apiculatum Friv. Med-smed Moesian-Thessaly-Macedonic- Thracian-Aegean Tulipa serbica Tatić & Krivošej Med-smed W Moesian Linum tauricum Willd. subsp. serbicum (Podp.) Petrova Med-smed W Moesian Thymus lykae Degen Med-smed W Moesian-Scardo-Pindhian Fig 2. Representation of area types in the endemic flora of the Rogozna Mt. Discussion Based on presence of area types and area groups, the phytogeographical analysis show that Rogozna Mt. is area with eurasian-submedi- terranean- centraleuropean- pontic characteristics. Eurasian area type is dominant in the flora of Rogozna Mt. The dominance of Eurasian floristic elements is decisive for the genesis of the flora on this mountain. However, detailed analysis of the Eurasian area type showed a numerous presence of the species with Central European-Mediterranean (73) and Central European-Mediterranean-Pontic (73) types of distribution, which indicates a significant influence of these floristic chorions on the genesis of the flora. However, in comparison to the Ibar river valley, where the Pontic flora and related area groups (Central European- Mediterranean-Pontic and Mediterranean-Pontic) are numerous (P r o d a n o v i ć , 2007; P r o d a n o v i ć et al. 2012), Pontian floristic region made less influence on the genesis of the Rogozna Mt. flora (Fig. 3). The influence of the Mediterranean region is especially pronounced. There are 117 species with Mediterranean-Submediterranean type of distribution, many of which are endemics or subendemics. Out of these, 51 species (6.46%) are widespread in the Mediterranean. That is more than the percent of these floristic elements in the flora of Kosovo (5.23%) (R e x h e p i , 1997). The Mediterranean exhibits influence through the valley of the river Ibar. As confirmation of this, there is more pronounced presence of Mediterranean species in this river valley (72 taxa, 8.79%) (Fig. 3) (based on the floristic list from P r o d a n o v i ć , 2007). Most of the obligate serpentinophytes has a Mediterranean type of distribution (Tab. 4). Serpentine massifs are characterized by significant presence of the Pontic taxa. According to S t e v a n o v i ć et al. (2003) the spread of Pontic flora throughout the central and east Balkans was especially pronounced during Ice Age. Serpentine habitats were very suitable for these plants (J a k o v l j e v i ć et al., 2011). On the Rogozna Mt. typical Pontic elements of flora are present in very low percent (10 taxa or 1.27%), but taxa with Mediterranean-Pontic (116 or 14.7%) and Central- European-Mediterranean-Pontic (74 or 9.38%) are numerous. Small presence of the plant taxa with Pontic type of distribution is a consequence of large distance from the Pontic region. Additionally, the high massif of Kopaonik Mt. is a significant barrier which prevents the spread of Pontic elements of flora from the east. Floristic endemism of the serpentine areas in the Balkans is very pronounced (S t e v a n o v i ć et al., 2003; M i l l a k u et al. 2008; P a v l o v a , 2007; T o m o v i ć , 2007; T o m o v i ć et al., 2014). The presence of an imposing number of endemic taxa has BIOLOGICA NYSSANA 5 (2)  December 2014: 103-112 Papović, O. et al.  Phytogeographical analysis and endemism of the flora … 110 Fig 3. Comparative spectrum of the basic area groups in the flora of the Rogozna Mt. (Tab. 3) and the Ibar river valley (according to the data of P r o d a n o v i ć , 2007) Fig 4. Spectrum of the floristic elements corresponding to the floristic provinces (total) and area type (different colour) of the endemic flora of Rogozna Mt. BIOLOGICA NYSSANA 5 (2)  December 2014: 103-112 Papović, O. et al.  Phytogeographical analysis and endemism of the flora … 111 a great significance from the aspect of biodiversity and conservation of the area, emphasizing the fact that the Rogozna Mt. represents an important center of the endemic Balkan flora in Serbia. The total list of the endemic flora of the Rogozna Mt. can be divided into four area-groups (Fig. 2). The strong influence of the Mediterranean- Submediterranean floristic chorion, which advances through the Ibar valley, is observable in the area- spectrum of the endemic flora. The largest number of endemics (30 taxa) belongs to the Mediterranean- Submediterranean area group. Half of them belong to a group of obligate serpentinophytes (Tab. 4). They are distributed into 20 floristic elements (Tab. 5), where Illyrian-W Moesian-Scardo-Pindhian element is represented by 4 taxa, while others are represented by one or two taxa. The geomorphological characteristics of the area, primarily altitude (1479 m) (P a p o v i ć et al., 2014), have enabled a strong influence of the Eurasian mountainous chorion on florogenesis. The consequence of this influence is the presence of much endemics belonging to the South European mountainous (7 taxa) and Central South European mountainous (9 taxa) area group (Tab. 5). Except for the prevailing Illyrian-Moesian- Scardo-Pindhian endemic taxa (including Illyrian-W Moesian-Scardo-Pindhian, Illyrian-Moesian and Illyrian-Scardo-Pindhian) from different area groups (10 taxa), it should be noted that the Moesian- Scardo-Pindhian endemics (including W Moesian- Scardo-Pindhian) (7 taxa), regardless of the area group, represent one of the dominant group in the endemic flora of the Rogozna Mt. Additionally, all other endemics at least partially by its own areal spread into one of these floristic provinces (Tab. 5, Fig 4). This is confirmation of the fact that this region is located at the border of Illyrian, West Moesian and Scardo-Pinhian provinces of the Balkan floristic subregion. Acknowledgements. The Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia (grant 173030) supported this research. References Borojević-Šoštarić, S., Cvetković, V., Neubauer, F., Palinkaš, L. 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