biomedich: A Pathfinder

This is a computer-generated pathfinder created against the Distant Reader study called biomedich.

Each Distant Reader study carrel is composed of many individual items. Each item is bibliographically described with author, title, date, summary, and keyword values. Below is a list of the items' most signficant keywords as well as lists of the items themselves. Purpusing the content of this pathfinder provides the student, researcher, or scholar with one way to get their heads around the scope of the carrel. The keywords include:

Activity; Test; Antioxidant; Acid; Group; Water; Compounds; Leaves; Control; Leaf; Plant; Rats; Treatment; Results; Protein; Blood; Bacteria; Mice; Value; Levels; Species; Effect; Ppm; Fruit; Indonesia; Total; Cells; Concentration; Oil; Extracts; Root; Glucose; Drug; Growth; Manuscript; Inhibition; Docking; Biology; Sample; Food; Diabetes; Analysis; Samples; Cancer; Dna; Patients; Day; Red; Effects; Medicine; Fish; Health; Groups; Sperm; Temperature; Time; Diversity; Days; Honey; Virus; Dose; Compound; Type; Vitamin; Age; Starch; Covid-19; Data; Flower; Dye; Properties; Structure; Culture; System; Agar; Height; Site; Care; Interaction; Tail; Nasal; Hplc; Iii; Cover; Sativa; Matrix; Luthfi; Widodo; Sudarsono; Guidance

Depending on how this pathfinder was created, many of the bibliographic sections will include elaborations on the meaning(s) of the given keywords. These elaborations were generated by feeding the items' summaries to a large langauge model and asking the model to address the question, "What is X?", where "X" is the keyword. The result will be a few sentences of elaboration. Be forewarned. The elaborations are often plausible, but they should not be take as truth. Instead, they should be taken as points for consideration.

• Comparison of the Antibacterial Activity of Lime Mistletoe Extract (Dendrophthoe petandra (L.) Miq.) Against Staphylococcus aureus with Standard Antibiotics by Savitri, Lisa; Daniati, Mila Putri; Rahmasari, Kharisma; Juwita, Syntia Tanu (2025) - Lime mistletoe (Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq.), traditionally used in Indonesian medicine, contains diverse phytochemicals that may exhibit antibacterial activity. Keywords: Dendrophthoe pentandra; lime mistletoe; Staphylococcus aureus; antibacterial activity; MIC; MBC. Keywords: activity; aureus; extract; pentandra
• Effectiveness of Antioxidant Compounds in Minaserua Herbal Drink from Bima as a Functional Food on Blood Pressure and Cholesterol Levels by Anisah, Anisah; Septiani, Baiq Dewi Sukma (2025) - The results of the study showed that the herbal drink Minaserua exhibits significant antioxidant activity, as determined by the DPPH test, with an IC₅₀ value of 41.30 mg/mL. Research on Minasarua formulation and optimization suggests that the ratio and combination of spices (ginger, turmeric, Javanese chili, pepper, black sticky rice tape, and blondo) influence Minasarua's total phenols, total flavonoids, anthocyanins, and antioxidant activity. Keywords: activity; antioxidant; blood; cholesterol; dpph; drink; group; minaserua; pressure; results; total
• Effect of Solvent Polarity on Extraction Yield, Phytochemical Composition, and Antioxidant Activity of Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. and Moringa oleifera Lam. by Azzahra, Vina Octavia; Mardiana, St; Suharyadi, Suharyadi; Sianipar, Rini Juita; Ramadhan, Dwi Sapri (2025) - For Curcuma species, polar solvent extracts typically yield higher total extract mass and capture curcuminoids and phenolics effectively, although the optimal solvent strength depends on the matrix and target analytes (Budiansyah et al., 2023). Jurnal Kimia Sains Dan Aplikasi, 23(8), 290–294. https://doi.org/10.14710/jksa.23.8.290-294 Garofalo, G., Buzzanca, C., Ponte, M., Barbera, M., D’Amico, A., Greco, C., Mammano, M. M., Franciosi, E., Piazzese, D., Guarrasi, V., Ciulla, S., Orlando, S., Di Grigoli, A., Bonanno, A., Di Stefano, V., Settanni, L., & Gaglio, R. (2024). Keywords: activity; antioxidant; content; et al; ethanol; extraction; extracts; flavonoid; hexane; oleifera; phenolic; polarity; solvent; total; xanthorrhiza; yield
• Phagochytosis Activity Test of Red Ginger and Angkak Combination Extract by Carbon Clearance Method by Nugraha, Fajar; Halim, Halim; IH, Hariyanto; Fahrurroji, Andhi; Anastasia, Desy Siska (2025) - This study used a test group that was given red ginger extract as much as 105 mg / kgbb, angkak extract as much as 105 mg / kgbb, and a combination extract of red ginger and angkak as much as 150 mg / kgbb. Twenty white mice were divided into 5 groups, such as control group (CMC-Na 0.5%), positive control (Levamisole 2.5 mg/kgBB), and three experiment group that was given red ginger extract (105 mg/kgBB), angkak extract (105 mg/kgBB), and combination extract of red ginger-angkak (150 mg/kgBB). Keywords: activity; angkak; carbon; combination; control; extract; ginger; group; kgbb; mice; phagocytosis; red; test
• The Potential of Chrysin of Oroxylum indicum L. to Induce Carbonic Anhydrase (CA) to Improve Cattle Fertility by Amin, Mohamad; Fahmi, Muhammad Najib; Ridho, Muhammad Andi Ali; Fitri, Nurul; Lestari, Umie; Maulina, Dina; Amin, Ihya Fakhrurizal (2020) - In addition, it can protect against the effects of oxidative and inflammatory injury (Mantawy, et al., 2014) along with steroidogenic activity (Jana et al., 2008) and antiaromatase (Campbell et al., 1993). In addition to the antioxidant effects, both in vivo and in vitro studies have confirmed the potential of Chrysin to increase testosterone levels and then male sex drive (Jana et al., 2008; Keywords: activity; chrysin; compound; et al; fertility; indicum; male; oroxylum; plant; protein; sperm; target
• Chemical Analysis, Physical Stability, and Antibacterial Activity of Nanoemulgel Hand Sanitizer Formulated with Citrus aurantifolia Essential Oil and Herbal Emollients by Putri, Intan Kurnia; Beandrade, Maya Uzia; Anindita, Reza (2025) - Antibacterial activity test of nanoemulgel hands sanitizer lime essential oil. The conclusion is that Formula 3 (F3 6%) hand sanitizer is recommended as the best candidate for the development of a nanoemulgel hand sanitizer based on lime essential oil, as it offers the most optimal combination of physical stability, chemical stability, and biological effectiveness. Keywords: activity; calendula; hand; lime; nanoemulgel; oil; potential; sanitizer; size; stability; system; test
• Endophytic Bacteria from Mimosa pudica L.: Morphological and Biochemical Traits and Biocontrol Activity against Alternaria porri by Madjid, Mazlina (2025) - Endophytic bacteria, which inhabit internal plant tissues without causing harm, represent a promising source of biological control agents. This study aimed to characterize the morphological and biochemical traits and to evaluate the biocontrol activity of endophytic bacteria isolated from Mimosa pudica L. against A. porri. Keywords: activity; bacteria; growth; isolates; plant
• Polyphenols Content and Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Hemolytic Activities of Essential Oils from Four Selected Medicinal Plants Growing in Algeria by Halla, Noureddine; Boucherit, Kebir; Zeragui, Bankaddour; Djelti, Abdelkader; Belkhedim, Ziane; Hassani, Rachida; Benatallah, Saada; Djellouli, Hassiba; Kacimi, Oumlkheir; Boucherit-Otmani, Zahia (2020) - Antimicrobial screening of Mentha piperita essential oils. Indeed, the registered MICs of M. piperita essential oils for B. cereus, P. aeruginosa, 70 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry 9 (2), 2020: 65-75 S. enterica, C. fetus, E. cloacae and C. albicans IP 444 (from 5 to 10 mg/mL) were higher than those obtained for S.aureus, E.coli, P. multocida, S. typhimurium, K. pneumonia and C. albicans ATCC 10231 (from 0.078 to 2.5 mg/mL). Keywords: activity; algeria; antioxidant; et al; journal; mentha; mic; nivellei; officinalis; oils; piperita; pituranthos; plants; rosmarinus; scoparius
• Extraction, Phenolic Content and Hydrogen Peroxide Scavenging Capacity of Extracts from Some Honey Samples, Propolis and Bee Pollen by Mohammedi, Zohra (2021) - Phenolic compounds from honey samples, propolis, and bee pollen were extracted by methanol and subjected to radical scavenging activity towards hydrogen peroxide. The total phenolic contents of honey samples, propolis, and bee pollen extracts were analyzed by the Folin- Ciocalteu method (Singleton et al., 1999) using gallic acid as a standard. Keywords: acid; activity; antioxidant; bee; compounds; content; et al; honey; phenolic; propolis; samples
• Phytochemical Screening, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of the Root Extract of Cyphostemma adenocaule (Steud. ex A. Rich.) Wild & R.B.Drumm by Yakubu, Abdulbasit Haliru; Mohammed, Mohammed Mustapha; Bababe, Abdulqadir Bukar; Braimah, Hassan Yesufu (2021) - In vitro antimicrobial activity of C. adenocaule extract. Percentage yield of C. adenocaule root extracts. Keywords: activity; adenocaule; antioxidant; assay; dpph; extract; root
• Potential of Tithonia diversifolia Hemsley A. Gray (Kembang Bulan) Leaf Extract as Anti-Cancer Agents by Rizkawati, Muflihah (2021) - The next study was carried out by Wahyuningsih, et al in 2019 to determine the antifibrocytic mechanism of T. diversifolia extract. T. diversifolia can be described as a flowering shrub-like species, growing up to over 2–3 m high. Keywords: activity; cancer; cells; diversifolia; extract; tagitinin; tithonia
• Antibacterial Screening of Bacterial Isolates Associated with Mangrove Soil from the Ngurah Rai Mangrove Forest Bali by Indraningrat, Anak Agung Gede; Wijaya, Made Dharmesti; Suryanditha, Putu Arya; Siskayani, Ayu Savitri; Janurianti, Ni Made Defy (2021) - Of these 68 isolates, 22 isolates displayed antibacterial activities ranging from weak to strong inhibition against at least one of four bacterial indicators namely Staphyloccocus aureus, Streptococus mutans, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae using perpendicular streak method. Overall, this study confirmed the untapped potential of antibacterial activities from bacteria associated with mangrove soil. Keywords: activity; bacteria; isolates; mangrove; rod; sa4; soil
• Repurposing Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine-Doxycycline as an Antimalarial Drug: A Study in Plasmodium berghei-Infected Mice by Georgewill, Udeme Owunari; Adikwu, Elias (2021) - Doses were selected based on previous studies: CQ (10mg/kg) (Somsak et al., 2018), DX (2.2 mg/kg) (Gaillard et al., 2015) and D-P (1.71/13.7 mg/kg) (Yavo et al., 2011). This study assessed the antiplasmodial activity of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine- doxycycline (D-P- DX) on mice infected with Plasmodium berghei. Keywords: activity; berghei; control; malaria; mice; plasmodium
• Peptide Fractions from Chymotrypsin-hydrolyzed Moringa oleifera Seed Proteins Inhibit ?-amylase and ?-glucosidase in vitro by Ekun, Oluwafemi Emmanuel; Olusola, Augustine Olusegun; Sanni, Joseph Adaviruku; Ishola, Feyisayo (2022) - Ulagesan S, Kuppusamy A. Kim HJ (2018) Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of protein hydrolysates from terrestrial snail Cryptozona bistrialis. Percentage -amylase Inhibition by Moringa oleifera Seed Protein Hydrolysates and their Fractions Obtained by Chymotrypsin Digestion. Keywords: activity; amylase; chymotrypsin; et al; fractions; hydrolysate; inhibition; inhibitory; ml-1; oleifera; peptide; protein; seed
• Kidney Evaluation in Hyperuricemia Rats Treated with Green Tea Leaves (Camellia sinensis L.) Extract by Nugraheni, Putranty Widha; Mahdi, Chanif (2022) - This group was used to compare the increase or decrease in kidney MDA levels due to treatment, induction of a high-purine diet, and GTE therapy. The decrease in kidney MDA levels in ALP therapy was lower than GTE's decrease in MDA levels. Keywords: activity; blood; creatinine; damage; group; gte; high; journal; kidney; levels; mda; rats
• Ethnomedicinal, Phytochemicals, and Pharmacological Aspects of Sentul (Sandoricum koetjape) by Wijaya, Made Dharmesti (2022) - doi: https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/6083136 Azziz, S. S. S. A, Alimon, H., Abdullah Sani, A., Daud, N., & Noor, N. (2013). This review aims to integrate knowledge about S. koetjape focusing on three main aspects namely ethnomedicinal, phytochemicals, and pharmacological, in order to encourage further research on this plant for future drug development. Keywords: acid; activity; bark; cancer; compounds; et al; extracts; journal; koetjape; koetjapic; leaves; plants; sandoricum; sandoricum koetjape; stem
• Ethnobotanical Survey of Plants Used in The Management of Peptic Ulcer Diseases in Wukari Metropolis by Agbatutu, Akpevwoghene; Ogie-Odia, Efosa A.; Ifedele, Mary Oromioshemime; Abdulrasaq, Funmilola Modinat; Eseigbe, Daniel; Imade, Francis Nosakhare (2022) - It was observed that plant leaves were mostly used while C. longa (Zingberaceae), M. paradisiaca (Musaceae) had the highest frequency of occurrence in recipes formulation. Scientific studies have established that medicinal plants used by traditional healers have displayed proven pharmacological, antioxidant and therapeutic activity against degenerative diseases. Keywords: activity; leaves; linn; management; nigeria; plants; pud; recipes; state; survey; taraba; ulcer; wukari
• Phytochemical Compositions and Antioxidant Properties of Combined Funtumia africana and Abutilon mauritianum Extract (CFAE) by Uroko, Robert Ikechukwu; Chukwu, Charles Nnanna; Aaron, Chinomso Friday; Chidozie, Umezurike Benedict; Akachukwu, Doris; Atuh, Ndukwe Onyeani (2022) - Keywords: Abutilon mauritianum; Antioxidant activity; Antioxidant vitamins; Funtumia africana; Free radicals; Phytochemicals. Ascorbic acid is a potent antioxidant as an electron donor showing free radical scavenging ability; hence, it is commonly used in DPPH radical scavenging assay as a reference compound for measuring antioxidant activity. Keywords: acid; activity; africana; antioxidant; cfae; concentrations; extract; plant; scavenging
• The Antiviral Potential of Iranian Herbal Pharmacopoeia (IHP) on Herpes Simplex Viruses (HSV): A Review Article by Gavanji, Shahin (2022) - Gavanji – Anti-herpetic activity of Herbal Pharmacopoeia (IHP) 99 REFERENCES Abdul, A. M., Mackeen, M. M., EI-Sharkawy, S. H., Abdul, H., Junainah, N. H., Ismail, N. H., Ahmad, F., & Lajis, M. (1996). https://doi.org/10.1186%2F1471-2334-14-S3-P47 Dias, M. M., Zuza, O., Riani, L. R., de Faria Pinto, P., Pinto, P., Silva, M. P., de Moraes, J., Ataíde, A., de Oliveira Silva, F., Cecílio, A. B., & Da Silva Filho, A. A. (2017). Keywords: activity; antiviral; compounds; diseases; et al; extract; family; herpes; herpes simplex; hsv-1; ic50; inhibition; journal; m. s.; medicine; officinalis; replication; research; simplex; simplex virus; study; type; values; virus; vitro
• Anti-oxidant, Anti-inflammatory and Anti-Atherosclerotic Activity of Bioactive Peptide HPAEDR Isolated from Catla catal Muscle on LPS Induced Inflammation on 246.7RAW Macrophage Cells and HCF Induced Hyperlipidemic Zebrafish Larvae by Sethuramalingam, Sabarinathan; Ravi, Revathy Leena; Rajiah, Janet Rani (2022) - Cell viability (A) and anti-inflammatory activity of CCM peptide over (B) TNF-α, (C) IL-1 β, (D) IL-6, (E) COX2 and (F) NO production inLPS-induced RAW264.7cells, where N and Prepresent negative and positive control (mean ± SD) and there is significant difference, P< 0.05 The pro-inflammatory cytokines expression analyzed at a dosage of 50,100 and 200 μg/ml respectively. The current results show the similar activity with higher anti-oxidant activity at 9th hr hydrolysate (Figure 3b). Keywords: acid; activity; amino; catla; ccm; et al; figure; food; hydrolysate; peptide; protein; zebrafish
• The Effect of Pumpkin Fruit Ripeness (Cucurbita moschata. D) on Total Flavonoid Levels and Antioxidant Activity by Astutik, Linda; Yanti, Eka Fitri (2022) - Yield of pumpkin fruit ethanol extract. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Yield of pumpkin fruit ethanol extract Yield of 96% ethanol extract of unripe pumpkin is 34,2%, ripe pumpkin is 33,1% and mature pumpkin is 19,7% (Table 2). Keywords: activity; antioxidant; compounds; content; cucurbita; extract; flavonoid; fruit; pumpkin; total; unripe
• Bioactive Compound in Solanum torvum and Its Potential as Functional Food and Drink: A Review by Putri, Nina Nurazizah Purnomo; Anggriani, Rista; Sukardi, Sukardi (2023) - The control sample with 100% flour and 100% water without Solanum torvum fruit extract could only reach 140.8604 g/100g. β-carotene content of 671.2548 g/100g is equivalent to 111.8758 RE when associated with the nutritional adequacy rate for vitamin A. Juice In Ghana, the fruits of Solanum Torvum are traditional healers for anemia and ailments. Furthermore, Helilusiatiningsih (2021) developed Solanum Torvum fruit extract as a potential healthy drink with a combination of black tea and green tea. Keywords: activity; antioxidant; compounds; content; et al; extract; food; fruit; journal; solanum torvum; vitamin
• Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Pomegranate Extract (Punica granatum L.) in Lip Balm Formulation by Kase, Maria Grasela; Prasetyaningsih, Aniek; Aditiyarini, Dwi (2023) - The ability of pomegranate extract as an antibacterial in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria was found in the three extract concentrations (12.5%, 18.75% and 25%) while in lip balm preparations there were concentrations of 18.75% (F2) and 25% (F3), while the ability of pomegranate extract as a colorant in lip balm preparations can last for 3 weeks at room temperature and the lip balm which produces the brightest color is a concentration of 25% (F3). Therefore, this study was performed to study the potency of pomegranates as natural dyes, antioxidants, and antibacterial in lip balm. Keywords: activity; antibacterial; antioxidant; balm; color; concentration; extract; juice; lip; lip balm; pomegranate; results; sample; table; test
• Lupenone Isolated from Diospyros melanoxylon Bark Non-competitively Inhibits alpha-amylase Activity by Durgam, Mohan Krishna; Vemuri, Praveen Kumar; Bodiga, Vijaya Lakshmi; Bodiga, Sreedhar (2023) - The positive control, acarbose exhibited 50% inhibition at 21.28 ± 1.42 μM. Enzyme kinetics data as shown in Figure 5 shows a dose-dependent decrease in amylase activity with increasing concentrations of lupenone. The Rhizoma Musae fraction with anti-diabetic activity could improve the glucose metabolism and increase the oral glucose load in alloxan-induced diabetic mice (H. Qian, Hao, & Wang, 2012). Keywords: activity; enzyme; inhibition; lupenone; ppm; -amylase
• Antioxidant Potential of Black, Green and Oolong Tea Methanol Extracts by Widowati, Wahyu; Herlina, Tati; Ratnawati, Hana; Constantia, Gabriella; Deva, I Dewa Gde Sathya; Maesaroh, Maesaroh (2015) - Keywords: antioxidant, black tea extract, green tea extract, oolong tea extract, total phenolic content Introduction Various degenerative and chronic diseases are often caused by oxidative stress. Sample Catechin Equivalent (CE) Quercetin Equivalent (QE) Kaempferol Equivalent (KE) Myricetin Equivalent (ME) Black tea extract 14,33 4,50 4,33 Keywords: activity; antioxidant; et al; extract; green; oolong; oolong tea; tea; tea extract; widowati
• A New ent-kaurene Diterpenoid Isolated from Leaves of Espeletia semiglobulata Cuatrec. and its Potential Antimicrobial Activity by Marquez, Andres; Perez, Alida; Rojas, Luis; Aparicio, Rosa; Ramos, Freddy; Obregon, Ysbelia; Usubillaga, Alfredo (2023) - Fractions 36-39 eluted with hexane rendered 500 mg of pure (I) as a white solid, mp 113-116 ºC, identical to an authentic sample of ent-kaur-16-en-19-al (mp,1H-NMR, 13C-NMR) obtained from Espeletia semiglobulata (Usubillaga et al., 1988; Aparicio et al., 2013). These plants are used by the inhabitants of the high moors to treat asthma and rheumatic conditions (Usubillaga et al., 2003; Aparicio et al., 2013). Keywords: activity; atcc; ch2; ch3; ent; nmr
• Medicinal Biospecificity of Ginger and Its Efficacious Bioactive Compounds in the Context of Its Biological Activities Against Predominant Health Issues: Current Study and New Avenues by Shahzad, Haseeba; Saleem, Shaifa; Hanif, Waqas; Ali, Zareena; Ahmed, Muhammad Zeeshan; Nawaz, Haq; Humma, Zelle; Rana, Laraib; Farid, Muhammad Qamar; Kalsoom, Hajira; Jaan, Samavia (2023) - It was concluded that both humoral and cellular immunity were enhanced by using ginger extract in the case when any pathogen entered the body through injury (Dügenci et al., 2003). In one group, liver cancer was induced by a choline-deficient diet and in the other group, a choline-deficient diet was given along with ginger extract. Keywords: action; activity; antioxidant; cancer; cells; compounds; effects; et al; extract; food; ginger; ginger extract; gingerol; journal; level; officinale; oil; research; virus; zingiber
• Chemical Profile and in-silico Docking Studies on Bioactives from Essential Oil of Cymbopogan pendulus Targeting Penicillin Binding Proteins (PBPs) in Bacteria by Sharma, Arun Dev; Kaur, Inderjeet (2023) - Anti-bacterial Activity Anti-bacterial activity of LGO against MTCC-121, MTCC-40, MTCC-424 and MTCC-3160. Code- NC, PC and LGO are for negative control (blank), positive control and lemongrass oil and code- LGO-A, LGO-B, LGO-C and LGO-D represents MTCC-40, MTCC-121, MTCC-424, and MTCC- 3160 respectively. Keywords: activity; bacteria; binding; bioactive; cell; compounds; docking; geranial; gram; lgo; oil; pbp5; study; wall
• Phytochemical Analysis and Antibacterial Activity of Methanol and Ethyl Acetate Extracts of Detarium microcarpum Guill. & Perr. by Dahiru, Mubarak Muhammad; Abaka, AbudulAzeez Mumsiri; Artimas, Susan Pwakangdi (2023) - Biradar, Y. S., Jagatap, S., Khandelwal, K. R., & Singhania, S. S. (2008). Concentrations (mg/mL) S. aureus S. typhi E. coli M.E E.E M.E E.E M.E E.E 100 - - - - - - 50 - -* - - - -* 25 - + - -* -* + 12.5 -* + -* + + + 6.25 + + + + + + 3.125 + + + + + + Note: M.E= Methanol extract, E.E= Ethylacetate extract, * = MIC value, + = Turbidity , - = No turbidity Table 4 displays the results of the MBC which reveal the minimum extract concentration needed to fully kill the bacterial isolates. Keywords: activity; effects; esbe; et al; extract; msbe
• Chemical Composition and Evaluation of Anti-tyrosinase and Anti-Oxidative Effects of Topical Cream Formulation from Acacia sieberiana, Vitellaria paradoxa and Beeswax by Tamfu, Alfred Ngenge; Koudoro, Alain Yaya; Kucukaydin, Selcuk; Olaye, Theophile; Agbangnan, Pascal Dossa Cokou; Sohounhloue, Dominique Codjo Koko; Sohounhloue, Dominique Codjo Koko; Avlessi, Felicien; Avlessi, Felicien (2023) - Important skin protective fatty acids such as palmitic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid and stearic acids were identified as major constituents. Keywords: Acacia sieberiana; topical cream; GC-MS; phenolic composition; skin diseases; antioxidant; tyrosinase inhibition. Keywords: acid; activity; antioxidant; assay; chemical; composition; compounds; cream; et al; fatty; natural; phenolic; skin; tamfu; tyrosinase
• Synthesis and Characterization of Cinnamon Loaded BSA Microparticles with Antidiabetic Properties by Wanniarachchi, Binuki; Sathsarani, H.M.W.K.; Jayawardena, Bimali M.; Dewangani, H.G.N. (2023) - The objective of the study was to synthesize and characterize cinnamon encapsulated BSA microparticles with antidiabetic properties. al. (2020) during the synthesis of BSA microparticles using citric acid as the cross-linking agent (Amighi et al., 2020) Keywords: absorbance; acid; activity; alpha; bsa; cinnamon; enzyme; extract; microparticles; percentage; product
• Analysis of Biological Activities of Two Novel Metal (II) Complexes of Andrographis Paniculata Crude Extract by Oladipo, Mary Adelaide; Ojo, Ayodele Oluwabunmi; Ishola, Kayode Taiwo (2023) - However, there is no report on biological activity of metal complex of the plant. Therefore, in order to search for more effective, inexpensive, and locally available drugs, this study synthesized and investigated the biological activities of Andrographis paniculata crude extract and its Co (II) and Ni (II) complexes. Keywords: activities; activity; complexes; crude; extract; metal; paniculata; plant
• Phytochemical, Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Schefflera elliptica Leaves by Kirtanayasa, I Gede Yoga Ayuning; Indraningrat, Anak Agung Gede; Candra, I Putu (2023) - S. elliptica plant (left), and S. elliptica leaves (right). Antioxidant percentages of S. elliptica crude extracts. Keywords: acetate; activity; antibacterial; antioxidant; compounds; elliptica; et al; ethyl; ethyl acetate; extract; hexane
• Phytochemicals and Larvicidal Activity of Sonneratia alba Root Extracts from Ngurah Rai Mangrove Forest, Denpasar-Bali by Wijaya, Made Dharmesti; Indraningrat, Anak Agung Gede; Kirtanayasa, I Gede Yoga Ayuning (2023) - GC-MS analysis results of methanol extract of S. alba. No Compounds RT %area 1 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol 13.999 1.21 2 9,19-Cyclolanost-24-en-3-ol, (3.beta.)- 23.611 5.70 3 2,6,10-Dodecatrien-1-ol, 3,7,11-trimethyl-, acetate, (E,E)- 23.705 4.80 4 7,11-Hexadecadienal 23.786 4.48 5 Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 23.941 3.91 6 Stigmast-4-en-3-one 25.483 29.37 7 21-Hydroxyprogesterone, trifluoroacetate 25.602 2.36 8 17-Pentatriacontene 27.827 1.21 9 Campesterol 29.017 8.20 10 Stigmasterol 29.342 32.61 11 Stigmasterol 29.437 6.15 Note: RT = retention time Methyl 2-hydroxy-eicosanoate is a compound that majorly present in methanol extract of S. alba leaves. Keywords: activity; alba; compounds; dengue; extract; larvicidal; mangrove; methanol; mosquito; study
• Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Pteridium acquilinium and Newbouldia laevis Leaves Exhibited Antioxidant Activities and Inhibitory Potential Against Selected Clinical Bacteria Isolates by Ajah, Obinna; Unegbu, Chika Cecilia; Uzohuo, Emmanuel N; Anyanwu, Ogechi Ozioma; Okezie, Ugochukwu Moses; Anyanwu, Chioma; Joseph, Rich (2023) - These antibacterial compounds can be isolated from endophytic fungi extracts (Chi et al. 2019). Endophytic fungi has been recognized to be one of the most distinguished producers of medicinal products that are natural (Malhadas et al. 2017). Keywords: acquilinium; activities; activity; antioxidant; fungi; inhibition; laevis; leaf; newbouldia; plants; pteridium
• Antioxidant Activity Test (DPPH) and Cytotoxicity of Jengkol Peel Ethanol Extract (Pithecellobium jiringa) on Shrimp Larvae (Artemia salina Leach) by Wibowo, Glen Arya; Afriani, Tika; Rahmi, Azimatur (2023) - Antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of fruits, leaves, stems and rhizome of wualae (Etlingera elatior (Jack) R.M Smith). Examination of antioxidants in ethanol extract of jengkol peel (Pithecellobium jiringa) obtained the IC50 value of 209.45 ppm with moderate antioxidant activity because it has an IC value50 between 101-250 ppm, when compared to vitamin C with IC50 value 34.11 ppm has a very strong antioxidant activity, because it has an IC50 value less than 50 ppm (Badarinath et al., 2010). Keywords: activity; antioxidant; ethanol; extract; jengkol; jiringa; peel; pithecellobium; ppm; test
• Analgesic and Antipyretic Activity of Sweet Orange Peel Methanol Extract by Silalahi, Elsa Debora; Lister, I Nyoman Ehrich; Fachrial, Edy (2023) - This experimental study evaluated the analgesic and antipyretic effects of sweet orange peel extract extracted by the maceration method. Oral Suspension Formulation A gram of concentrated extract and 150 milligrams of paracetamol were suspended into 0.5% SCMC to form sweet orange peel extract and paracetamol suspensions. Keywords: activity; antipyretic; body; extract; methanol; orange; orange peel; peel; peel extract; study; temperature; writhing
• The Potential of a Sumbawa Herbal Oil-Based Oleogel as Burn Wound Dressing by Yuniar, Andi Irma; Yasid, Nurul Wahidah; Nissatuljannah, Syarifah Fatimah; Rijal, Syamsu; Makmun, Armanto (2023) - Sumbawa herbal oil is one of the traditional Indonesian medicines which is produced on Sumbawa Island by mixing coconut oil and several medicinal plants through a heating process. Currently, Sumbawa herbal oil is only available in the form of liquid oil packaged in glass bottles. Keywords: activity; mix; oil; oleogel; sumbawa; wound
• Cover, Editorial Board, Guidance for Authors, & Table of Contents | Vol. 12 No. 1 April 2023 by Luthfi, Muhammad Ja'far (2023) - Irsan Saleh, Ziske Maritska 289 - 293 Effect of Quarry Activities on Some Morphological Parameters of Two Maize Varieties (SWAN 1 and SAMMAZ 52) Bridget Odiyi, Olubukola Maku, Foluso Akinbode Ologundudu, Sylvanus Efetobor Abiya 295 - 303 Antidiarrhoeal Activities of Lime (Citrus aurantiifolia) Extract in Experimentally-Induced Diarrhoea Model Joshua Charles Isirima, Precious Ojo Uahomo 305 - 313 Synthesis, Spectroscopic Analysis and Antidiabetic Properties of Copper (II) Complex of Mangifera indica Leaf Crude Extract Mary Adelaide Oladipo, Folasade Omobolanle Ajao, Adewusi John Adepoju, Kayode Taiwo Ishola, Olalekan Jamiu Ajeigbe1 315 - 321 Uncovering the Antioxidant Power: Investigating the Skin and Flesh of Crystal Guava with Chloroform and Methanol Extractions and DPPH Assay Aulia Ulmillah, Arif Alghifari, Nurhaida Widiani 323 - 328 Phytochemical, Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Schefflera elliptica Leaves I Gede Yoga Ayuning Kirtanayasa, Anak Agung Gede Indraningrat, D) on Total Flavonoid Levels and Antioxidant Activity Linda Astutik, Eka Fitri Yanti 17 - 23 Antioxidative Stress and Hepatoprotective Activities of Leaf Extract and Fractions of Setaria megaphylla in Plasmodium berghei Infected Mice Ndanti Bartholomew William, Augustine Lawrence Bassey, John Akpan Udobang, Jude Efiom Okokon 25 - 32 Solanum anomalum Leaf Extract and Fractions Attenuate Oxidative Stress and Liver Injuries in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats Idongesit Charles Etuk, John Akpan Udobang, Nwakaego Omonigho Ebong, Jude Efiom Okokon 33 - 44 The Association Between Some Endocrine Conditions and COVID-19: Keywords: activities; activity; charles; effect; extract; fractions; gabriel; john; leaf; leaf extract; potential; properties; rats; review; study
• Investigating the Insecticidal Properties of Alangium salviifolium Root Extracts on Culex quinquefasciatus Mosquitoe by Yagoo, Alex; Milton, M.C. John; Vilvest, Jelin (2023) - This research highlights the potential of plant extracts as alternative mosquito control agents for mitigating mosquito-borne diseases in India. Keywords: Alangium salviifolium roots; Culex quinquefasciatus; plant extract; toxicity. Keywords: activity; control; diseases; extract; hexane; larvicidal; mosquito; plant; ppm; quinquefasciatus
• The Neuroprotective and Therapeutic Effects of Medicinal Plants and Natural Products against Aluminium Chloride-Induced Alzheimer's Disease: Recent Update by Ojetunde, Ayodeji Oluwatobi (2024) - https://doi.org/10.3389/fnana.2022.1012422 Hazzaa, S. M., Abdelaziz, S. A. M., Abd Eldaim, M. A., Abdel- Daim, M. M., & Elgarawany, G. E. (2020). Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 28(10), 5579-5584. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.05.072 Chiroma, S. M., Moklas, M. A. M., Norma, C. M., Taufik, M. H., Amon, Z., Jagadeesan, S., & Ibrahim, B. (2017). Keywords: a. a.; acid; activity; alcl3; aluminium; alzheimer; anticholinesterase; antioxidant; b.wt; brain; chloride; days; disease; effects; et al; expression; extract; impairment; journal; levels; m. a.; memory; neurotoxicity; potential; rats; stress; study; treatment; weeks
• Bioactivity of Vernonia arborea Leaves from Bentian Tribe as Natural Antioxidant and Antibacterial Based on Local Knowledge by Sari, Nur Maulida; Aziza, Humairo; Aryani, Farida; Murdianto, Murdianto (2024) - Keywords: Vernonia arborea; antibacterial; DPPH; traditional medicine. MATERIALS AND METHODS Material and chemicals The leaves of Vernonia arborea were collected from Bentian Village, West Kutai, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Keywords: activity; antioxidant; arborea; ethanol; extract; plants; vernonia
• Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Activity Analysis of N-Hexane Extract of Sonneratia alba Mangrove Leaves by Surya, Putu Rissa Almadea; Wijaya, Made Dharmesti; Udiyani, Desak Putu Citra (2024) - REFERENCES Abdel-Aziz, S. M., Mouafi, F. E., Moustafa, Y. A., & Abdelwahed, N. A. M. (2016). Elsharkawy, E. R., Alghanem, S. M., & Elmorsy, E. (2021). Keywords: activity; alba; antioxidant; doi; extract; leaves; mangrove; plants; ppm
• Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Sesquiterpenes-Rich Essential Oil of Trichilia monadelpha (Thonn) J.J. De Wilde of Root Bark by Odeja, Oluwakayode Olubunmi; Onocha, Patricia A.; Oloyede, Ganiyat Kehinde; Ayoyerokun, Damola; Ibok, Michael Gabriel; Okpala, Ejike Onwudiegwu (2024) - Keywords: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH); Antimicrobial; Essential oil; Sesquiterpenes; Trichilia monadelpha. Essential oils from aromatic plants and spices have a long history of use as natural antimicrobial agents in traditional medicine. Keywords: activities; activity; antioxidant; bark; essential; monadelpha; oil; oils; radical; root; sesquiterpenes
• Antibacterial Potency and Physicochemical Profiles of Eucalyptus pellita Leaf Waste Essential Oil from PT Surya Hutani Jaya, East Kalimantan by Wartomo, Wartomo; Aryani, Farida; Hernandi, Muhammad Fikri; Rositah, Erna; Ngapiyatun, Sri; Sari, Nur Maulida (2024) - ▪ Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analysis The volatile composition of EP B077 essential oils was analyzed by GC-MC (Ultra Shimadzu-QP-2010), with an RTX5 column (30 m x 250 µm ID) with slight modification (Julianus Sohilait, 2016), with the following program: from 70ºC to 250ºC at 25.71ºC.minute-1, injection temperature 250ºC, the detector temperature was 250ºC, split ratio 200, the inlet pressure was 98.3 kpa, carries gas helium, and flow rate of 3ml.minute-1. Antibacterial activity testing Antibacterial activity of EP B077 essential oils were test using agar diffusion method with slight modification (Kuspradini et al., 2018) also using pathogenic test bacteria, namely Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus sobrinus and Streptococcus mutans. Keywords: activity; b077; eucalyptus; oils; pellita; pinene
• Isolation and Characterisation of Essential oils of Mango (M. indica) Leave by Abubakar, Auwal; Shagal, Mohammed Hassan; Milan, Charles (2024) - 33 1-Formyl-2,2,6-trimethyl-3-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-6-cyclohexene 10.717 0.01 34 1-Octadecene 10.880 0.08 35 1-Pentadecene 11.279 0.17 36 Phthalic acid, 2-cyclohexylethyl propyl ester 11.479 0.20 37 1-Nonadecene 11.657 0.08 38 2-Dodecen-1-yl(-)succinic anhydride 11.761 0.03 39 Cyclohexene, 4-(4-ethylcyclohexyl)-1-pentyl- 11.916 0.00 40 2-Piperidinone, N-[4-bromo-n-butyl]- 12.035 0.08 41 2-Dodecen-1-yl(-)succinic anhydride 12.146 0.00 42 Oleic Acid 12.183 0.01 43 9-Tricosene, (Z)- 12.242 0.02 44 Bicyclo[7.2.0]undec-4-ene, 4,11,11-trimethyl-8-methylene-,[1R-(1R*,4Z,9S*)]- 12.287 0.01 45 Cyclotetradecane 12.398 0.04 46 cis-9-Hexadecenal 12.442 0.04 47 22-Tricosenoic acid 12.502 0.04 48 9-Octadecenamide, (Z)- 12.716 3.38 49 2-Methyl-Z,Z-3,13-octadecadienol 13.524 0.03 50 trans-13-Docosenamide 13.553 0.05 51 Erucic acid 13.650 0.01 52 E-11-Hexadecenal 13.687 0.01 Auwal et al. – Isolation and Characterization of M. indica Essential Oils 5 DISCUSSION Table 1 shows that, M. indica essential oil is colourless with the percentage yield of 0.19%. The essential oils remarkably inhibited the growth of all tested microorganism, but it was cleared from the present results obtained, M. indica leaf extract exhibited pronounced activity against all the tested bacteria excluded Salmonella typhi with the weaker value of 10mm as showed in Figure 2. Keywords: activity; antioxidant; extract; indica; leaf; leaves; m. indica; mango; oils
• Physicochemical, Antimicrobial, Lethality and In Vitro Antioxidant Profiles of Johnu Tisane: A Coffee (Coffea Arabica) Leaf Decoction Formula by Egbuonu, Anthony Cemaluk Chinedum; Alaebo, Prince Ogochukwu; Onuoha, Udumma Nsofor; Njoku, Chinomso Juliet; Obike, Chiemeziem Adanma; Nlemadim, Susan Ogechi; Chukwu, Blessing Ifeoma; Iwejuo, Sopuruchi Mary-Augusta; Amaechi, Onyedikachi Glory; Obiefuna, Victor Ifechukwu; Onuoha, Bessing Nmesomachi; Okoli, DivineTreasure Nzubechukwu; Nwokeoma, Precious Chinonso; Eze, Chukwubuikem (2024) - Thus, the mix of unsaponified matter (mg/100 g) (1.46) and acid value (mgOH/g) (1.12) compositions of Johnu tisane reported herein suggested its high antioxidation capacity since acid value and in particular the composition of unsaponified matter correlated negatively and positively, respectively with antioxidant activity according to Malecka (2002). In support, a dose dependent increase in FRAP observed herein which indicated antioxidant activity accompanied by reducing power is a strong pointer that Johnu tisane has a proton-donating property and could exert a strong free radical inhibiting or scavenging activity and probable in vivo antioxidant role (Uroko et al., 2022). Keywords: acid; activities; activity; antioxidant; coffee; concentration; content; et al; hydrogen; johnu; johnu tisane; potential; scavenging; tisane; value
• Formulation and Antibacterial Activity Testing of Eco-Soap Based on Sodium Lauryl Sulfate Surfactant by Widiani, Nurhaida; Novitasari, Aulia; Winandari, Ovi Prasetya; Saputri, Dwijowati Asih (2024) - The national standard for the pH of dishwashing soap or eco-soap, according to the SNI-2588-2017 standard, states that good dishwashing soap should have a pH value between 6 and 11. Quality Testing Conclusion pH 3,46 Foam Height Testing of Eco-Soap The results of the eco-soap foam height test obtained a foam height of 1.5 cm, meeting the criteria for good soap (Table 2) Keywords: acid; activity; eco; enzyme; fatty; foam; height; research; soap; testing
• The Study of Biosurfactant Stability and The Effect on Lipase Activity by Alvionita, Mieke; Hertadi, Rukman; Fazli, Rahmat Rizki; Dewi, Andi Alfira Ratna Faradisa; Rose, Tasyang Oktavia (2024) - It is the first report that evaluate the effect of microbial surfactant on lipase activity. The purpose of this research is to analyze the stability of biosurfactant emulsion under various conditions, such as salinity and pH as well as their potential to enhance lipase activity. Keywords: activity; addition; biosurfactant; emulsification; lipase; stability
• Testing Antibacterial Activity of Daun Kentut (Paederia foetida L.) Leaf Extract against Escherichia coli in Vitro by Savitri, Lisa; Tiyas, Eka Wahyuning; Krissanjaya, Rochmad (2024) - This assertion is supported by Javed et al. (2020), highlighting that higher extract concentrations significantly affect antibacterial compound content, allowing these compounds to diffuse into bacterial cells. In contrast, the disc diffusion method allows for better absorption of Paederia foetida leaf extract into the media, minimizing execution difficulties or errors. Keywords: activity; bacteria; coli; concentration; daun; extract; inhibition; study; test; zone
• Isolation and Antibacterial Activity of Sembung (Blumea balsamifera) Leaf Essential Oil L., DC by Afriani, Tika; Rahmi, Azimatur; Sari, Mia Darmita (2024) - The solubility in Ethanol 70% Brown solution 1:3 5 Acid value 6.171 6 Saponification value 75.735 7 Ester value 69.564 The solubility of sembung essential oil in 96 percent ethanol was 1:1, while the solubility of sembung essential oil in 70 percent ethanol was 1:3. The method used to test the antibacterial activity of Sembung essential oil is the diffusion method with a 6 mm diameter well technique against Gram positive bacteria S. aereus and Gram negative bacteria E. coli and P. aeruginosa. Keywords: activity; concentration; diameter; inhibition; leaf; number; oil; sembung; zone
• Potential Effects of Myrmecodia Pendants (Ant Nests) on Healing Bone Injuries by Najah, Adilla Syahsiyatun; Kilo, Akram La; Kadir, Ahmad (2024) - Myrmecodia pendans also contains antioxidant compounds (Bago, nd-a), vitamins, minerals and formic acid (Widyawati, Aron Pase, et al., 2020b). To find out whether Myrmecodia pendans has an effect, researchers have studied and studied the basic addition and decomposition of certain biochemicals (Alawiyah Al Attas et al., 2023b). Keywords: activity; ant; bone; collagen; et al; extract; healing; journal; myrmecodia; myrmecodia pendans; nest; pendans; plant; process; research
• Antimicrobial Activities of Oyster Mushroom (Plerotous ostreatus), Garlic (Allium sativum), and Ginger Extracts (Zingiber officinale) Against Some Clinical Isolates by Adenuga, Victoria Oluwapelumi; Fakoya, Soji; Sanni, Joseph Adaviruku; Adenuga, Akinola; Adenuga, Ore-ofe Oluwatoyin; Ajayi, Oluwaferanmi Timileyhin (2024) - The garlic extract, ginger extract, mushroom extract, and their combination may prevent infection with pathogenic organisms and support their resistance against antibiotics. The broad spectrum of mushroom activity was also brought to light as the extracts of mushrooms showed an inhibitory effect on clinical isolates used for this investigation. Keywords: activity; extracts; garlic; ginger; inhibition; mushrooms; water
• Antibacterial Activity Screening of Bacillus sp. AM12 Associated with Mangrove Soil by Natania, Evellyne; Indraningrat, Anak Agung Gede; Widhidewi, Ni Wayan (2024) - Results of GC-MS analysis of bacterial isolates Bacillus sp. AM12. One of the isolates, labelled as Bacillus sp. AM12 was isolated from the soil habitat of the Avicennia marina mangrove plant. Keywords: acetate; activity; am12; antibacterial; atcc; bacillus; bacillus sp; coli; compounds; et al; ethyl; extract; phase; test
• Antibacterial Activity of Sweet Orange (Citrus sinensis) Peel Tea against Enterobacteriaceae Isolated from a Water Depot by Yumiko, Yumiko; Suhartomi, Suhartomi; Nasution, Sri Wahyuni; Syarifah, Siti; Simaremare, Ade Pryta R. (2024) - Overall, it can be concluded that the sweet orange peel tea as infusion or decoction has weak antibacterial activity against Enterobacteriaceae bacteria isolated from water depots, which had some properties similar to Citrobacter sp. Keywords: Sweet Orange; Decoction; Enterobacteriaceae; Citrobacter; Infusion. Thus, a colony from these MacConkey Agars underwent a biochemical test, including: IMViC and motility tests were performed to identify Enterobacteriaceae bacteria isolated from random Water Depots around Universitas Prima Indonesia, and the result of the biochemical test is described in Table 1. Keywords: acid; activity; agar; antibacterial; coli; decoction; enterobacteriaceae; escherichia; et al; gram; indonesia; infusion; orange; peel; study; tea; test; water
• In Vitro Mucolytic Activity of Cardamom Fruit (Amomum compactum) Decoction on Duck Egg Albumens by Vitri, Desy Aryanti Pardilla; Aini, Siti Rahmatul; Saputri, Legis Ocktaviana (2024) - The decoction of cardamom fruit contained damaging alkaloid compounds because alkaline alkaloids generally 544 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry 13 (2), 2024: 541-547 dissolve in relatively non-polar organic solvents and are difficult to dissolve in water, whereas the extraction process of cardamom fruit decoction uses distilled water solvent, which has very polar properties (Endarini, 2016; Fitriyanti et al., 2022). This study aimed to determine the mucolytic activity of cardamom fruit decoction at variation concentrations. Keywords: activity; albumens; cardamom; cardamom fruit; control; decoction; duck; egg; et al; fruit; mucus; test
• Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Kalanchoe Pinnata: A Comprehensive Analysis of Bioactive Compounds and Pharmacological Activities by Bhusal, Dakshina; Poudel, Manila; Tamang, Ashika; Dhital, Sujan; Parajuli, Nirmal; Shrestha, Timila; Bharati, Samjhana; Maharjan, Binita; Adhikari Subin, Jhashanath; Marasini, Bishnu Prasad; Shrestha, Ram Lal Swagat (2025) - Besides these, plant extracts also possess the ability to inhibit the growth of certain harmful microorganisms. Alpha-amylase inhibition assay The α-amylase inhibitory potential of plant extracts was assessed using the 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNSA) technique. Keywords: acetate; activity; compounds; concentration; ethyl; extract; methanol; pinnata; plant; table
• Chemical Constituents and Evaluation of Bioactivity of Vernonia hymenolepis A. Rich Root Extracts by Gelata, Alemu; Jemal, Mudin; Gershe, Soressa; Abdissa, Negera (2024) - Comparisons were made between the inhibitory zones generated by plant extracts and those generated by commercial conventional antibiotics (Ogundare et al., 2006). In vitro activities of plant extracts on human Loa loa isolates and cytotoxicity for eukaryotic cells. Keywords: acid; activity; chloroform; extracts; methanol; plant
• Anti –Inflammatory Activity of Propolis Trigona sp. Water Extract from North Lombok with Red Blood Cell Membrane Stability Method by Humaira, Ani Fatin; Aini, Siti Rahmatul; Hasina, Raisya (2024) - From the positive control, negative control and each test sample absorbance values, the percentage (%) of red blood cell hemolysis protection was calculated using the following formula (Umeti et al., 2019): The results showed that propolis water extract concentrations were 10%, 12.5%, 15%, 17.5%, 20%, 22.5%, 25%, 27.5%, and 30% have anti-inflammatory activity because they can increase the stability of the red blood cell membrane with a percentage of hemolysis protection of respectively 57.92%, 59.99%, 60.99%, 61.99%, 64.31%, 69.59%, 75.07%, 79.77% and 84.45%. Keywords: activity; blood; cell; control; hemolysis; lombok; north; propolis; solution
• Identification of JAMU KU-HE-SE as an Alternative Health Supporting Ingredient by Botahala, Loth; Djasibani, Hemy Ratmas; Karbeka, Martasiana; Nahak, Maria Hendriana (2025) - ▪ Carbohydrate Content Determination of carbohydrate content of JKHS samples using by difference with the following formula: % carbohydrate = 100% - (% water content + % protein content + % ash content + % fat content). ▪ Fiber Content A total of 2 grams of JKHS sample was put into a 250 mL beaker and 50 mL of 0.3 N H2SO4 was added and then heated at 70℃ for 1 hour. ▪ Sample Preparation and Antioxidant Test A total of 3 mg of JKHS test sample was made into a solution with a concentration of 12.5 ppm, 25 ppm, 50 ppm, and 100 ppm. Keywords: activity; antioxidant; botahala; content; et al; fat; health; jkhs; results; sample; test; water
• Formulation and Testing of Antioxidant Activity of Papaya Fruit (Carica papaya L.) Extract Spray Gel Using the DPPH Method by Hapsari, Fauziyyah Kunti; Hidayati, Nurul (2025) - Keywords: antioxidant activity; Carica papaya L.; DPPH; papaya, spray gel. Three spray gel formulas with papaya fruit extract concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 3% were tested for their physical properties. Keywords: activity; antioxidant; dpph; extract; fruit; gel; papaya; ppm; spray; test
• Cover, Editorial Board, Guidance for Authors, & Table of Contents | Vol. 12 No. 2 October 2023 by Luthfi, Muhammad Jafar (2024) - Sold in Regional Markets of West Surabaya Kadek Rio Risnanda, Masfufatun, Agusniar Furkani Listyawati, Kuntaman Kuntaman, Akhmad Sudibya 607 - 610 Effect of Citrullus lanatus Seeds Extract on Haematological Parameters After Administration with Medroxyprogesterone Acetate on Female Wistar Rats Michael Chuks Nnumolu, Onyeso Godspower 611 - 617 Investigating the Insecticidal Properties of Alangium salviifolium Root Extracts on Culex quinquefasciatus Mosquitoe Alex Yagoo, M.C. John Milton, Jelin Vilvest 619 - 624 Developing Virtual Herbarium of Sunan Kalijaga Islamic State University as a Plant Taxonomy Complementary Lab Work Material Muhammad Ja’far Luthfi, Riyanto, Widodo 625 - 630 Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Activity Analysis of N-Hexane Extract of Sonneratia alba Mangrove Leaves Putu Rissa Almadea Surya, Made Dharmesti Wijaya, Desak Putu Citra Udiyani 631 - 635 The Therapeutic Potential of Cola nitida in Health and Disease: A Review Kamaldeen Olalekan Sanusi, Umar Zayyanu Usman, Dawoud Usman, Kehinde Ahmad Adeshina, Yaaqub Abiodun Uthman, Lukman Jimoh, Aminat Omolola Imam-Fulani 637 - 643 Potency of Biocoagulant from Cationic Modified Starch of Balbis Banana Blossom Waste for Palm Oil Wastewater Treatment: Literature Study Esa Ghanim Fadhallah, Alif Fikri Nur Hidayat, Arfika Julya Saffanah, Bella Amanda Iswahyudi, Diah Shihatin Wasalamah, Eka Cahyani Putri, Nadila Ningtias, Yana Hijriyatin Ummi 645 - 649 Identification and Toxicity Profiling of Column Fractions of Ethanol Leaf Extract of Ziziphus mauritiana Tajudeen Alowonle Owolarafe, Salawu Kailani 651 - 662 Prevalence and Biofilm-forming Potentials of Bacterial Uropathogens Among Primary School Pupils in Yola North, Adamawa State Abdulazeez Mumsiri Abaka, Mubarak Muhammad Dahiru, Ibrahim Ya’u, Tukur Baba Abdullahi 663 - 669 An Overview of The Total Leukocyte Count in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients at RSUD Gambiran Kediri City Devi Nor Fitri, Lisa Savitri, Rochmad Krissanjaya, Elfred Rinaldo Kasimo 671 - 674 Bioactivity of Vernonia arborea Leaves from Bentian Tribe as Natural Antioxidant and Antibacterial Based on Local Knowledge Nur Maulida Sari, Humairo Aziza, Farida Aryani, Murdianto 675 - 680 In vivo Alpha-amylase and Alpha-glucosidase Inhibitory Potentials of Panicum maximum Jacq. | ISSN 2540-9328 (online) CONTENTS Assessment of Sensorimotor Behaviour in Konzo-Induced Rats Using the Irvine, Beattie Bresnahan Forelimb Scale Lekpa Kingdom David, Precious Ojo Uahomo, Victor Hogan Idung, Rachael Data Dakoru 431 - 435 Chemical Properties of Liquid Broth Extracted from Freshwater and Marine Shrimp Shells Waste Esa Ghanim Fadhallah, Dyah Koesoemawardani, Lathifa Indraningtyas 437 - 440 Alkaloids Lead to Potential Inhibition of the Acyl Carrier Protein Reductase to Attenuate Tuberculosis; an in-silico Analysis Pernia Kamran, Ahsan Ibrahim 441 - 450 Bio-larvicidal Potential of Betel Leaves (Piper betle L) Ethanolic Extract in Addition of PEG 400 Diluent on Aedes aegypti Larvae Listiana Masyita Dewi, Hilda Zaniba Ariffah, Riandini Aisyah, Nurhayani 451 - 455 Proximate and Mineral Composition of Atlantic Mackerel (Scomber scombrus) and Atlantic Horse Mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) Joseph Adaviruku Sanni, Grace Omayoza Sanni, Rufus Ranmilowo Awoniyi, Remi Osanyinlusi, Yvonne Ego Richards 457 - 461 Identification of Medicinal Plants and Their Utilization by Community in Kendal Village, Kendal Sub-district Aghnia Rahmi Hanum, Erna Wijayanti 463 - 466 Identification of Primary and Secondary Metabolites of Apis cerana Honey using FTIR-ATR Diamond Spectroscopy and Their Botanical Origin Tiffany Hanik Lestari, Ratna Susandarini 467 - 475 Nephroprotective Activities of Ethanol Root Extract and Fractions of Hippocratea africana Against Doxorubicin-Induced Kidney Toxicity Kufre U. Noah, John A. Udobang, Jude E. Okokon, Martin O. Anagboso, Nwakaego Omonigho Ebong 477 - 484 Determination of Oil Quality and Antifungal Effect of Selected Citronella Accessions (Cymbopogon nardus, Cymbopogon winterianus) to Formulate an Anti-Dandruff Shampoo Rathnayaka Mudiyanselage Nipuni Wijerathna, Achini Anuradha Wijeweera, Anushi Madushani Wijethunga, Mapa Mudiyanselage Sumudu Tharangani Mapa 485 - 498 Phytochemicals and Larvicidal Activity of Sonneratia alba Root Extracts from Ngurah Rai Mangrove Forest, Denpasar-Bali Made Dharmesti Wijaya, Anak Agung Gede Indraningrat, Keywords: activity; antioxidant; cymbopogon; ethanol; extract; issn; leaf; leaves; oil; potential; rats; virus
• Cover, Editorial Board, Guidance for Authors | Vol. 13 No. 2 October 2024 by Luthfi, Muhammad Ja'far (2024) - in Cured Beef with Different Shelf-Life Expectancy Mutia Asri Khairunisa, Endah Retnaningrum 467-473 Effect of Mixing Time Variation and Framing Time on the Quality of Coffee Grounds-based Solid Soap Insa Dorra Neisya, Suratno Suratno, Kamalia Fikri 475-483 Histopathological Description of Mouse Liver in a Sepsis Model Infected with Escherichia coli Treated with Paederia foetida L. Leaf Extract for Sepsis Prevention Lisa Savitri, Ana Retnowati, Elfred Rinaldo Kasimo, Rochmad Krissanjaya, Syntia Tanu Juwita 485-492 Effect of Trichosanthes cucumerina Methanol Extract on CRP and Fibrinogen Levels in Diabetic Ulcer Rat Models Nazula Rahma Shafriani, Tri Dyah Astuti, Shofy Farha Aulia Amri, Riski Aditya Permana, Zuvi Fridhoriansyah, Intan Maharani 493-496 Quantitative Analysis, Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Effects of Ethanol Leaf Extract and Fractions of Microsorium scolopendria (Burm. f.) https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/586 https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/586 https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/583 https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/583 https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/539 https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/539 https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/539 https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/600 https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/600 https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/617 https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/617 https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/617 https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/608 https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/608 https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/589 https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/589 https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/598 https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/598 https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/598 https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/592 https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/592 https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/592 Genotoxic and Cytotoxic Activities of Cornhusk Extract of Zea mays and Leaf Extract of Sacharum officinarum Emem Eyo Akpan, Martin Osita Anagboso, Imoh Imeh Johnny, Nwakaego Omonigho Ebong, Jude Efiom Okokon 531-540 Keywords: activity; analysis; effect; effectiveness; ethanol; extract; fractions; https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/biomedich/article/view/538; jude; leaf; leaf extract; leaves; liver
• Cover, Editorial Board, Guidance for Authors, & Table of Contents | Vol. 13 No. 1 April 2024 by Luthfi, Muhammad Ja'far (2024) - Osah Martins Onwuka 109 - 119 Formulation and Antibacterial Activity Testing of Eco-Soap Based on Sodium Lauryl Sulfate Surfactant Nurhaida Widiani, Aulia Novitasari, Ovi Prasetya Winandari, Dwijowati Asih Saputri 121 - 125 Evaluation and Antibacterial Activity Test of Peel-off Mask Preparation from Combination of Pegagan Leaves (Centella asiatica (L) Urb.) and Charcoal Powder Fadhilla Dwi Utari, Najmi Hilaliyati, Tika Afriani 127 - 133 Isolation of Novel 6-methylideneoxecane-3,4,5,7,8,9-hexol from the Leaves of Rauwolfia vomitoria, Apocynaceae Azibanasamesa D.C Owaba, Raji O. Rafiu, Arueniobebh Frank, Darlington D. Eboh, Samuel J. Bunu 135 - 139 Phytochemical Profile and Antibacterial Activity of Nigella Sativa against Biofilm-producing Bacteria Uropathogens Abdulazeez Mumsiri Abaka, Mubarak Muhammad Dahiru, Keta Biman Abubakar, Jordana Luka, Aisha Abubakar, Tukur Baba Abdullahi, Saminu Hamman Barau 141 - 146 Phenolic, Flavonoid Contents, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Activity of Selected Eucalyptus Species: Review Getaneh Worku Moges, Gizachew Mulugeta Manahelohe, Melese Ababay Asegie 147 - 157 Leaves against Human Colon Cancer WiDr Cell Line Novita Mutiyani, Ardaning Nuriliani 221 - 226 The Protective Effect of Kentut Leaf Extract (Paederia foetida L.) on Gastric Histopathology in Escherichia coli-Infected Sepsis Mice Model Lisa Savitri, Elfred Rinaldo Kasimo 227 - 233 The Study of Biosurfactant Stability and The Effect on Lipase Activity Mieke Alvionita, Rukman Hertadi, Rahmat Rizki Fazli, Andi Alfira Ratna Faradisa Dewi, Tasyang Oktavia Rose 235 - 238 Commercial Incense: Compound Analysis and Its Molecular Docking Studies as Anxiolytic Agents Cintya Nurul Apsari, Navista Sri Octa Ujiantari, Zuliyati Rohmah, Setyowati Keywords: abubakar; activity; analysis; antioxidant; bacteria; effect; extract; issn; leaf; leaves; potential; rats
• Phytochemical Profiling, Antimicrobial, and Antioxidant Activities of Tamarindus indica Pulp Extracts: A Comprehensive Evaluation by Mohamed, Nidal Eisa Abdalla; Ismail, Ayman A. A.; Eisa, Alaa (2025) - These findings show that T. indica extracts have a promising antibacterial potential, despite their still-low antioxidant efficiency. Isolating certain chemicals from T. indica extracts has been the subject of several investigations; these studies have demonstrated the ability to prevent the growth of microorganisms, including Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli (Kidaha et al.,2023; Morton, 1987). Keywords: activity; antioxidant; extract; indica; tamarindus
• The Effect of Angkak Addition Towards DPPH Antioxidant Activity and Yields in Mixed Angkak-Red Ginger Extracts by Christy, Clarissa; Nugraha, Fajar; Fahrurroji, Andhi; Anastasia, Desy Siska (2025) - Angkak’s pigments and red ginger’s polyphenol compounds which provide antioxidant ability were found to occupy Mix extracts based on the TLC profile. methanol: aqua (7:1:1) added with one drop of glacial acetic acid to detect pigments, toluene: acetone (9:1) was used for Red Ginger to detect its phenolic compounds, whereas Mix extracts were observed using both mobile phases. Keywords: acid; activity; angkak; antioxidant; dpph; et al; extract; extraction; ginger; ic50; method; mix; ppm; results; value; yield
• Enhancement of Probiotic Viability and Antioxidant Activity in Yogurt Treated with Corn Silk Extract by Marya, Dina Tri; Nopitariyani, Arizki Tri; Maradon, Gusma Gama; Hanif, Muhammad (2025) - Abstract Yogurt is a widely consumed fermented milk product known for its numerous health benefits, while corn silk, the pistil of corn, is a byproduct rich in bioactive compounds and antioxidants. The results demonstrated that the yogurt enriched with corn silk exhibited a total lactic acid bacteria (LAB) count of 1.2 × 108 cfu/mL, a pH of 4.4, a lactic acid content of 1.34%, and an antioxidant activity of 54%. Keywords: acid; activity; antioxidant; corn; corn silk; milk; silk; yogurt
• Phytochemistry, Toxicity, and Antimalaria Activity of Mangrove Plant from Muara Badak Beach, East Kalimantan, Indonesia by Usman, Usman; Masruhim, Muh. Amir; Rahmadani, Agung; Erwin, Erwin (2025) - https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27238369 Bibi S. N., Fawzi M. M., Gokhan Z., Rajesh J., Nadeem N., Kannan R. R. R., Albuquerque R. D. D. G., and Pandian S. K. 2018. In the research of Audah et al., (2022) reported that S. caseolaris mangrove leaf extract contains compounds; steroids, flavonoids, and tannins. Keywords: a. marina; activity; caseolaris; compounds; extract; leaf; leaves; mangrove; marina; methanol; mucronata; test; toxicity; value
• Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Activities of Rytigynia nigerica (S. Moore) Robyns Roots Extracts by Odeja, Oluwakayode Olubunmi; Ibok, Michael Gabriel; Okpala, Ejike O.; Afolabi-Owolabi, Oluwafunke Toyin; Oluwafemi, Kola Augustus; Adja, Emmanuel; Nosiru, Idris Abayomi (2025) - Antioxidant activities of R. nigerica root extracts. The results obtained in this study indicate that R. nigerica root extracts exhibit antioxidant properties, suggesting potential pharmaceutical applications. Keywords: activity; antioxidant; compounds; extract; nigerica; root; rytigynia; screening
• Phytochemicals and Antibacterial Activity of Impatiens balsamina L. Leaf Extracts Against Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria by Fridayanthi, Putu Utari; Wijaya, Made Dharmesti; Udiyani, Desak Putu Citra; Indraningrat, Anak Agung Gede; Setiabudy, Marta (2025) - GC-MS analysis of I. balsamina methanol extract identified 32 compounds, with the five most abundant listed in Table 7. Analysis of methanol extract detected the presence of flavonoids, saponins, tannins, phenols, steroids, and glycosides, while chloroform extract consisted of tannins, phenols, and steroids. Keywords: activity; bacteria; balsamina; compounds; control; extract; gram; methanol; test
• Phytochemical Screening, GC-MS Charecterisation and Antioxidant Activity of N-Hexane Fraction of Microtrichia perotitii DC by Nuhu, Abdullahi Maikudi; Istifanus, Istifanus; Usman, Solomon; Idris, Idris; Abdullahi, Abdullahi (2025) - Several potent medications that are utilized in their natural form have been chosen as therapeutic agents (Eluoba et al., 2005; Abdullahi et al., 2011; Abdullahi et al., 2013). Abdullahi et al., 2011). Figure1. Keywords: acid; activity; antioxidant; fraction; methyl; microtrichia; perotitii; screening
• Phytochemicals Compound and Antioxidant Activity of Tradescantia spathacea Sw. Leaf Extracts by Fikroh, Retno Aliyatul; Hidayah, Muhamad Aditya (2025) - Concisely, methanol leaf extract is expected to have higher antioxidant activity from Tradescantia spathacea Sw. leaf. The phytochemical constituent revealed the presence of bioactive compounds such as flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin, steroid, triterpenoid, and tannin in different extracts of Tradescantia spathacea Sw. leaf. Keywords: activity; antioxidant; compounds; content; et al; extract; flavonoids; phenolic; spathacea; tradescantia
• Evaluation of Selected Pharmacological Properties of a Polyherbal Extract (Aju Mbaise) in Experimental Rats by Uroko, Robert Ikechukwu; Ijioma, Nnah Solomon; Ogbonna, Henry Nnaemeka; Uchenna, Nancy Oluomachi (2025) - Parameters Qualitative test Qualitative test result (mg/100g) Saponins ++ 8.33 ± 0.12 Tannins ++ 5.71 ± 0.16 Phenolics +++ 13.18 ± 0.30 Flavonoids ++ 7.19 ± 0.22 Steroids ++ 5.65 ± 0.14 Terpenoids + 2.52 ± 0.11 Cardiac glycosides + 3.63 ± 0.09 Alkaloids +++ 14.91 ± 0.32 Key: +++ = Present in high quantity, ++ = Present in moderate quantity, + = Present in low quantity and - = Absent Acute Toxicity (LD50) of Weight of intestine content (g) % Activity Control 15.59 ± 0.51d 4.58 ± 0.23a 11.01 ± 0.41d 0.00 ± 0.00a Loperamide 0.5 mg/kg 12.34 ± 0.20b 4.73 ± 0.36a,b 7.60 ± 0.31b 58.60 ± 0.71e Keywords: activity; aju; aju mbaise; ape; control; diarrhoea; effect; et al; extract; mbaise; polyherbal; rats
• Free Radical Scavenging and Total Antioxidant Capacity of Combined Methanol Leaf Extract of Solanum americanum and Polyalthia longifolia by Asadu, Chidimma Lilian; Uroko, Ikechukwu Robert; ugwu, Obiora Celestine (2025) - Patel, P., Prasad, A., Srivastava, K., Singh, S. S., Chakrabarty, D., & Misra, P. (2021). Ferric reducing antioxidant power assay in plant extract. Keywords: activity; americanum; antioxidant; extract; radical; total
• Phytochemicals Composition and Anti-bacterial Activity of Methanol Leaves Extract of Vernonia amygdalina by Galadima, Abdulganiyu Mohammed; Chidimma, Amaechi Jessica; Abubakar, Ibrahim; Ibrahim, Shehu; Said, Said Sani (2025) - Anti-ulcer activity of methanol extract of the leaves of Hannoa klaineana in rats. Antibacterial and antibiotic- modifying activity of methanol extracts from six cameroonian food plants against multidrug-resistant enteric bacteria. Keywords: activity; amygdalina; effect; et al; extract; isolates; leaves; leaves extract; methanol; test; vernonia
• Antioxidant Activity Test of Ethanol Extract from The Leaves and Bark of Kapur (Dryobalanops aromatica) from Distillation Solid Waste Using the DPPH and ABTS Methods by Sari, Nur Maulida; Zarta, Abdul Rasyid; Salusu, Heriad Daud; Hernandi, Muhammad Fikri; Ramadhan, Mohammad Ridho; Pragaloka, Nur Indah; Kerawing, Rosalinda; Muis, Puspitasari; Raihanah, Siti; Jasmawati, Jasmawati; Aryani, Farida (2025) - Antioxidant activity of Dryobalanops atomatica extract showed that ethanol extract displayed an ability to inhibit DPPH free radical in both the leaves and bark ethanol extracts, with percentages of 83.24% and 94.91% at 25 ppm concentration, respectively. Antioxidant activity of Dryobalanops atomatica extract showed that ethanol extract could inhibit DPPH free radical in the leaves and bark ethanol extracts, with percentages of 83.24% and 94.91% at 25 ppm concentration, respectively. Keywords: acid; activity; antioxidant; aromatica; bark; doi; dpph; dryobalanops; dryobalanops aromatica; ethanol; extract; flavonoids; kapur; leaves; plant; ppm; research; test
• Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Potential of Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Gandaria Stem Bark (Bouea macrophylla) Against MCF-7 Cell Line by Situmeang, Boima; Primawati, Junia Salsha; Oktafiani, Ismi; Musa, Weny JA; Kilo, Ahmad Kadir (2025) - Therefore, evaluating antioxidant activity is essential in identifying compounds with potential anticancer properties. The percentage of inhibition (% inhibition) and antioxidant activity of the fraction, as determined by the ABTS assay, are presented in Table 1. Keywords: abts; acetate; activity; antioxidant; bark; ethyl; fraction; ppm; stem
• Potential Medicinal Plant Antioxidant Compounds Based on Local Ethnobotany of Dadap Ayam (Erythrina variegata L.) from East OKU District by Permata, Ending; Hanum, Laila; Salni, Salni (2025) - Metabolite profile analysis of dadap ayam leaf extract using GC-MS was conducted at the Integrated Research and Testing Laboratory, Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta. Metabolite profile analysis of dadap ayam leaf extract using GC-MS was conducted at the Integrated Research and Testing Laboratory, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta. Keywords: + +; activity; antioxidant; ayam; compounds; dadap; extract; fraction; group; leaves; plant; results; value
• Potential of Kedabu (Sonneratia ovata Backer) Fruit Juice Supplemented in Kombucha Beverage as Antibacterial Agent by Nasution, Musyirna Rahmah; Nabilah, Clara; Djohari, Meiriza; Nurhapipah, Nurhapipah (2025) - The results demonstrated that an extended fermentation time led to a lighter color of kedabu fruit kombucha tea (Table 4). The sour taste in kedabu fruit kombucha tea is attributed to the production of lactic acid and acetic acid during the fermentation process (Wang et al., 2022) Keywords: acid; activity; bacteria; fermentation; fruit; juice; kedabu; kombucha; kombucha tea; tea; total; yeast
• Antimicrobial Properties of Endophytic Fungal Culture Filtrates from Tinospora crispa by Aji, Oktira Roka; Fitria, Karomah Indah; Vianingtyas, Naresh Wari Mega; Wicaksono, Adelyanty Pangestuty (2025) - This study is expected to provide new insights into the potential of endophytic fungal culture filtrates as promising therapeutic candidates derived from locally sourced biological resources. This study evaluates the antimicrobial potential of culture filtrate extracts derived from endophytic fungi isolated from the medicinal plant Tinospora crispa. Keywords: activity; crispa; culture; endophytic; extract; filtrate; fungal; fungi; plant; tinospora
• Formulation and Evaluation of Spirulina-Based Gel with Varying Carbopol Concentrations for Anti-Acne Activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis by Yunitha, Emmellia; Nilawati, Anita; Novita, Mega; Marlina, Dian (2025) - Organoleptic results of Spirulina gel formulations. pH values of Spirulina gel formulations. Keywords: acne; activity; carbopol; day; epidermidis; formulations; gel; results; spirulina; spirulina gel; staphylococcus; table
• Formula Optimization and Sensory Analysis of Functional Collagen Drink from Butterfly Pea Flower (Clitoria ternatea L.) and Red Guava (Psidium guajava L.) by Nabilah, Anjar Asmarani Widya; Marcelia, Ela; Widyaningsih, Tri Dewanti; Fibrianto, Kiki (2025) - Antioxidant activity = 3,667A – 0,248B – 10,579C + 22,063D TPC = –4,103A + 24,324B – 14,997C – 10,458D Note: A = Butterfly Pea flower extract (%); B = red guava juice (%); C = emprit ginger extract (%); D = collagen hydrolysate (%) Antioxidant Response Analysis The effect of butterfly pea flower extract, red guava juice, and ginger extract on antioxidant activity was analyzed under constant collagen concentration (5%). As shown in Figure 1, the combination of butterfly pea flower extract and red guava juice resulted in a significant increase in antioxidant activity in the final product, while the inclusion of emprit ginger extract tended to decrease the antioxidant response, as evidenced by the decrease in elevation in Figure 1 (b). Keywords: activity; antioxidant; butterfly; collagen; extract; ginger; guava; juice; pea; phenolic; product; red; total
• Extracellular Metabolites of Clove-Endophytic Bacteria, Niallia nealsonii DCL1, Exhibit Potential Cellular Antioxidant and Antiaging Activities by Salsabilah, Nadiyah; Prastya, Muhammad Eka; Astuti, Rika Indri (2025) - A crude Salsabilah et al. – Metabolites of Niallia nealsonii as Antioxidant and Antiaging 749 extract solution (1000 µg/mL) was mixed with 2 mL of distilled water and 150 µL of 5% NaNO2, shaken, and incubated for 2 minutes. In this assay, the 40-h extract of N. nealsonii potentially influence aging mechanisms Salsabilah et al. – Metabolites of Niallia nealsonii as Antioxidant and Antiaging 753 so that it could prolong yeast life span in YES medium compared to without extract treatment (Figure 4). Keywords: activity; antioxidant; astuti; clove; dcl1; doi; et al; extract; metabolites; nealsonii; yeast
• Antioxidant Activity Test of Bride's Tears (Antigonon leptopus) Leaves Using the DPPH Method by Azizah, Nailil Wafiq; Ramadan, Majidah; Faisal, Faisal; Aldina, Devana Rahma; Putri, Ramadina Novia; Anggraini, Nur Laila; Mufarrohah, Sabilatul; Gemilang, Satria; Fitriansyah, Firadika; Hosiyah, Hosiyah; Suci, Nuvia Harini Wulan; Sofiya, Nihlatus; Januarista, Terra; Rafsanjani, Ramizard (2025) - This research aims to see the effectiveness of antioxidants from bridal tear leaves. The research method involves leaf extraction using 96% ethanol and testing antioxidant activity using the DPPH method. Keywords: activity; antioxidant; bride; dpph; extract; ic50; leaves; solution; tears; test; value
• Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Properties of Peptide Fractions of Morinda lucida and Alstonia boonei and Protective Effects against Lead-induced Toxicity in Drosophila melanogaster by Molik, Zainab Abiodun; Abolaji, Amos Olalekan; Ogbole, Omonike Oluyemisi (2025) - Kamdem, J. J. S. A. J. o. B. (2017). Bhol, N. K., Bhanjadeo, M. M., Singh, A. K., Dash, U. C., Ojha, R. R., Majhi, S., . . . Keywords: abp; activity; antioxidant; boonei; drosophila; et al; flies; fractions; lead; lucida; mlp; peptide; protein; toxicity
• Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Activity of Dyera polyphylla (Miq) Steenis Extract Using the DPPH Method by Monika, Putri Dharma; Muharini, Rini; Mayasari, Eni (2025) - Yield and antioxidant data of D. polyphylla extract. The concentration variations were used to facilitate determining the concentration limit of effective antioxidant activity in D. polyphylla extract (Kurnia et al., 2024). Keywords: activity; antioxidant; bark; compounds; et al; extract; jurnal; leaf; methanol; plant; polyphylla; ppm; stem; total
• Stability Test and Antioxidant Activity Test of Sheet Mask Preparation of Avocado Peel (Persea americana Mill) Ethanol Extract with DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-Pikrilhydrazil) method by Khasanah, Uswatun; Hariningsih, Yetti; Ma'arif, Syamsul; Prambudi, Hery (2025) - The homogeneity test results show that all sheet mask preparations, negative control and F1, F2, and F3, are homogeneous because no lumps are found so that avocado peel extract sheet mask preparations can be applied to the skin. This study aims to determine the physical quality, stability, and antioxidant activity of avocado peel ethanol extract formulated in sheet mask preparation. Keywords: activity; antioxidant; avocado; ethanol; extract; mask; peel; preparation; results; sheet; stability; test; value; viscosity
• Formulation Of Instant Functional Collagen Drink With Date Seeds Coffee (Phoenix dactylifera) And Spices (Ginger, Cinnamon, Cardamom, Clove) Using The D-Optimal Mixture Design Method by Hanifa, Mutia (2025) - Collagen consumption can be done orally through functional foods, or non-orally through topical creams or injections (Lee et al., 2022). This property makes maltodextrin more easily bind water, thereby increasing the hygroscopicity of the final spray-dried product (Lee et al., 2018). Keywords: activity; antioxidant; coffee; collagen; content; date; drying; food; maltodextrin; powder; product; results; sample; seed; spice; spray; water
• Optimization of Date Palm Extract (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Based Collagen Powder Beverage Formula with Spices (Tamarind and Cinnamon) Addition Using D-Optimal Mixture Design Method by Pawestriaji, Raihanurrabb; Widyaningsih, Tri Dewanti (2025) - Development of date powder has been carried out by foam matt drying method (Halede, 2024). Date powder was found to have antioxidant activity, moisture content, and total phenols of 34.01±0.92 mg TE/100 g, 2.81±0.53%, and 26.12±4.60 mg GAE/100 g, respectively. Keywords: activity; analysis; cinnamon; collagen; collagen powder; content; date; design; doi; hydrolase; model; moisture; powder; product; response; table; tamarind; test; total
• Antibacterial Activity of Bacteriocin from Pediococcus pentosaceus Against Propionibacterium acnes: Molecular Docking, In Vitro, and 16S rRNA Genetic Identification by Pribadhi, Adhitya Naufal; Herlambang, Penggalih Mahardika; Purwaningrum, Ellyka (2025) - The purpose of conducting in silico testing is to demonstrate the inhibitory potential of the Small Bacteriocin produced by lactic acid bacteria against the cell wall of P. acnes. A study conducted by Kursia et al. (2021) reported that lactic acid bacteria can inhibit the growth of P. acnes, with an inhibition zone ranging from 8.2 to 11.1 mm. Keywords: acid; acid bacteria; acnes; activity; bacteria; bacteriocin; docking; gram; medium; pediococcus; results; test
• Isolation, Identification, and Evaluation of Antimicrobial of the LAB from Bekasam: The Traditional Fermented Fish in Indonesia by Rohman, Nur; Alim, Muhammad Bachrun (2025) - Keywords: Bekasam; fermentation; lactic acid bacteria; 16S rRNA. Abbreviations: LAB: Lactic acid bacteria; MRS: De Man, Rogosa, and Sharper; CFU:Colony Forming Unit; TPC: Total Plate Count. CONCLUSIONS This study’s main goals were to screen bekasam for the types and presence of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) at various salt levels during fermentation and demonstrate that bekasam, a traditional fermented fish, may contain lactic acid bacteria, offering several health benefits associated with probiotic consumption. Keywords: acid; activity; antimicrobial; bacteria; bal; bekasam; fish; food; lab
• Antioxidant Activities of the Leaf Extract and Fractions of Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott could be Attributed to The Abundance of Polyphenol Compounds by Erhirhie, Earnest Oghenesuvwe; Ilodigwe, Emmanuel Emeka; Ajaghaku, Daniel Lotanna; Umeokoli, Blessing Ogechukwu; Eze, Peter Maduabuchi; Okoye, Festus Basden Chiedu (2020) - This study revealed that the polyphenol flavonoid, quercetin-3-O-αL-rhamnopyranoside could be responsible for antioxidant activity of ethno-medicinal property of D filix-mas leaf. Kumar, S., Sandhir, R. and Ojh, S., 2014, Evaluation of antioxidant activity and total phenol in different varieties of Lantana camara leaves, BMC Res Notes. Keywords: activity; antioxidant; dpph; et al; extract; fractions; vlc
• Antioxidant and Antibacterial Potential of Water Extracts of Selected Plant Species from Tuzla Region (Bosnia and Herzegovina) by Mekic, Lejla; Huseinovic, Edina; Dedic, Jasmina; Husejnagic, Darja; Horozic, Emir (2025) - Total phenolic content in our Achillea millefolium L. extract (21.22 mg GAE/L) was also considerably lower than the values reported in other studies. This imbalance is called oxidative stress (Sies et al., 2017). Keywords: acid; activity; antioxidant; content; et al; extracts; officinalis; phenolic; plant; species
• Antibacterial And Synergistic Potential of Hibiscus sabdariffa and Zingiber officinale Against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria by Abaka, Abdulazeez Mumsiri; James, Bristone Pola; Badamasi, Mohammed Dangana; Usman, Adamu Aliyu (2025) - Similarly, Oladunmoye and Komolafe (2020) emphasized that combining plant extracts can potentiate antibacterial efficacy by targeting multiple microbial pathways simultaneously, thereby enhancing therapeutic action and limiting the risk of microbial resistance. This concentration-effect trend is consistent with the findings of Nwachukwu and Uzoeto (2010), who reported that the antimicrobial activity of plant extracts diminishes with dilution due to reduced levels of bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, and saponins. Keywords: activity; extracts; hibiscus; journal; officinale; sabdariffa
• Comparative Antidepressant, Anxiolytic, and Acute Toxicity Evaluation of Lemon Peel and Peppermint Leaves Extracts in Mice by Ni'ma, Neli Syahida; Savitri, Annisa Aulia; Sukendra, Dyah Mahendrasari; Hardiansyah, Ronny Meilano; Puspaningtias, Ika Ayu; Fathurahman, Gavriel Fauzan; Linasari, Septia (2025) - Peppermint leaf extract consistently demonstrated strong anxiolytic activity across both models, while lemon peel extract exhibited anxiolytic effects in the Elevated Plus Maze (EPM) but not in the Light-Dark Box (LDB). ▪ Group III (LP): received ethanolic extract of lemon peel at a dose of 200 mg/kg BW. ▪ Group IV (PL): received ethanolic extract of peppermint leaves at a dose of 200 mg/kg BW. ▪ Group V (LP+PL Low): received a combination of lemon peel extract (100 mg/kg BW) and peppermint leaf extract (100 mg/kg BW). Keywords: activity; antidepressant; combination; effects; extracts; lemon; lemon peel; peel; peppermint; test
• Antioxidant and Antibacterial Properties of Methanol Extract of Gletang Flower (Tridax procumbens) by Situmeang, Boima; Musa, Weny JA; Bialangi, Nurhayati; Sriwijayanti, Sriwijayanti; Widiyanto, Holisha; Susvira, Dian (2025) - Therefore, this study aims to explore the antibacterial and antioxidant potential of T. procumbens flower extract, in order to support the development of natural herbal medicines that may be beneficial in the health sector. This pattern demonstrates that the antioxidant activity of the extract is concentration-dependent (dose-dependent), meaning that higher extract concentrations provide more antioxidant molecules capable of donating electrons or hydrogen atoms to neutralize DPPH radical and ABTS radical cation (Jiangseubchatveera et al., 2023). Keywords: activity; antioxidant; concentrations; dpph; extract; methanol; ppm; procumbens
• Analysis of the Antioxidant Activity of Young and Mature Bidara Leaves Using 2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Phytochemical Screening Test by Kurniawati, Alvelin Bunga; Jayanti, Gatra Ervi; Ramadhan, Majida; Wulandari, Dian Novita; Widyaningrum, Ike (2025) - Results of statistical analysis comparing young bidara leaves (YBL) and mature bidara leaves (OBL). Procedures Sample Preparation Mature and young bidara leaves were obtained from the Al-Qur'an Garden of the Universitas Islam Malang. Keywords: activity; antioxidant; bidara; bidara leaves; dpph; extract; leaves; ppm; test; test tube; tube; ziziphus
• Formulation of an Anti-acne Cream Containing Ethanolic Extract of Purslane (Portulaca oleracea) by Lailatusholihah, Isna; Prastiwi, Dina Alva; Ni'mah, Afiatun; Yudhistira, Yudhistira (2025) - Flavonoid Identification Two millilitres of purslane extract were added into a test tube, followed by 0.5 g of MgSO₄ powder and 2 mL of 2N HCl. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Analysis Functional group analysis of purslane extract was performed using FTIR spectroscopy (Shimadzu 8400S). Keywords: acne; activity; aureus; cream; dan; et al; ethanol; extract; oleracea; portulaca; purslane; staphylococcus

• Molecular Dynamic Study of Java Cardamom (Wurfbania compacta) Leaf Compounds Targeting Xanthine Oxidase for Antihyperuricemia by Nofriyaldi, Ali; Fadilah, Nitya Nurul; Isnaeni, Selvy (2025) - Toxicity testing on test compounds to observe the toxic effects of a substance on biological systems. Natural compounds with xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity: A review. Keywords: acid; allopurinol; amino; binding; bonds; cardamom; compound; docking; drug; kaempferol; ligand; receptor; residues; results; rmsd; test; value
• The Effect of Water-Soluble Stem Extract “Kayu Kuning“ (Arcangelisia flava L.Merr) On The Growth Inhibition of Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and Trichophyton mentagrophytes IN VITRO by Setyowati, Rini; Sudarsono, Sudarsono; P, Setyowati E (2014) - Results and Discussion Figure 1 showed that the hRf value of berberine chloride was 61 and spot like berberine solution test was 62 at visible light, UV 254 nm and 366 nm. Analysis result of Post Hoc Tukey for C.albicans and T.mentagrophytes, correlation between positive control group and test solution group were not showing significant differences, except group number 1 (0,0625% concentra-tion), that was by p>0,05 value. Keywords: berberine; c.albicans; chloride; extract; fungi; sample; solution; test; water
• Larvicidal Activity of A Mixture of Cashew Nut Shell Liquid and Water-Soluble Extract of Soap Nut Fruit (Sapindus rarak DC.) Against 3rd Instar Larvae of Aedes aegypti by Raraswati, Glory Resia; Sudarsono, Sudarsono; Mulyaningsih, Budi (2015) - Bioassay for larvicidal toxicity Mixture concentration series was made by mixing water- soluble extract of soapnut fruit at a concentration elected with cashew nut shell liquid. The largest concentration of water-soluble extract of soapnut fruit that does not kill larvae was used for the mixture becausehigher levels of water-soluble extract of soapnut fruit will increase the solubility of cashew nut shell liquid in the water. Keywords: cashew; extract; fruit; larvae; liquid; nut; ppm; shell; soapnut; test; water
• The Antidepressant Effects of (Arcangelisia flava (l.) Merr) Water-Soluble Extract in Balb-C Mice Reviewed from Immobility Time by Forced by A, Tiara; H, Arief R; Sudarsono, Sudarsono (2015) - Pharmacological treatments Forced swim test (FST) can be used as a sign of antidepressants effect. On day 29, all groups treated with the forced swim (forced swim test) for 6 minutes and measured the immobility time. Keywords: antidepressant; berberine; extract; group; och3; test; water
• Development of An Eco-Shampoo Formulation Using Local Environmental Plant Extracts for Healthy Hair as an Effort to Increase the Potential of Environmental Resources by Atmanto, Dwi; Ambarwati, Neneng Siti Silfi (2023) - From the measurement of water content, anti-dandruff shampoo with various concentrations of aloe vera and lemongrass distilled water still meet the requirements of SNI No. 06-2692- 1992 which is a maximum of 95%. From the measurement of water content, anti-dandruff shampoo with various concentrations of water fraction of Pacar leaf still meets the requirements of SNI No. 06-2692-1992 which is a maximum of 95%. Keywords: aloe; aloe vera; anti; content; dandruff; foam; fraction; hair; leaves; lemongrass; oil; shampoo; test; vera; water
• Study of Physical, Chemical, and Organoleptic Properties of Functional Drink Turkey Berry (Solanum torvum swartz) with the Addition of Butterfly Pea Flower (Clitoria ternatea linn) and Emprit Ginger (Zingiber officinale var. Amarum) by Anggriani, Rista; Putri, Nina Nurazizah Purnomo; Wahyudi, Vritta Amroini (2023) - The average value of the bluish and yellowish levels of turkey berry brew with the addition of ginger and butterfly pea flower flower. The average taste of turkey berry brew with the addition of ginger and butterfly pea flower flower. Keywords: addition; analysis; antioxidant; butterfly pea; color; content; drink; flavonoid; flower; ginger; ic50; level; pea flower; results; sample; solanum; solution; study; test; torvum; total; turkey berry; value
• Quercetin Bioavailability Evaluation on Standardized Herbal Medicine Containing Guava Leaf Extract with HPLC by Yulion, Rizky; Yulianis, Yulianis; Suntri, Suntri (2023) - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jim.2018.10.009 Billah, M. M., Rana, S. M. M., Hossain, M. S., Saifuddin, A. K. M., Islam, S. K. M. A., Naim, Z., & Barua, S. (2014). https://doi.org/10.7324/JAPS.2020.10711 Rahim, N., Naqvi, S. B. S., Alam, M., Rasheed, A., & Khalique, U. A. (2016). Keywords: animals; bioavailability; blood; drug; et al; herbal; hplc; journal; medicine; phase; plasma; quercetin; research; test; value
• The Correlation Between Widal Diagnostic Test, Total Leukocyte Count, and Platelet Count in Suspected Typhoid Fever Patients at RS Aura Syifa Kediri by Loviana, Novi; Savitri, Lisa; Krissanjaya, Rochmad; Kasimo, Elfred Rinaldo (2023) - Therefore, it can be concluded that there is no significant relationship between the Widal test O and H results and the platelet count in typhoid fever patients. These findings are consistent with a study conducted by Widary (2021), which stated that there is no significant relationship between Widal titer and the quantity and index of platelets in typhoid fever patients, as the statistical tests yielded P ≥ 0.05, with a platelet titer value of p = 0.429, index of platelet MPV of p = 1.000, and PDW of P = 0.291, based on Spearman correlation analysis with results (p) ≥ α = 0.05. Keywords: count; fever; leukocyte; patients; platelet; test; titer; total; typhoid; widal
• Evaluation and Antibacterial Activity Test of Peel-off Mask Preparation from Combination of Pegagan Leaves (Centella asiatica (L) Urb.) and Charcoal Powder by Utari, Fadhilla Dwi; Hilaliyati, Najmi; Afriani, Tika (2024) - This study uses an experimental method by testing the parameters of the physical evaluation requirements and testing antibacterial activity with the disc method on the peel off mask preparation. Face mask preparations are declared good if they have a spreadability of 5.0-7.0 cm. Keywords: dan; ekstrak; ethanol; extract; formulasi; gel; jurnal; mask; peel; pegagan; preparation; results; skin; test
• Effects of Processing on the Proximate Composition, Mineral Content and the Phytochemical Analysis of Groundnut Seeds (Arachis hypogeae) by Sanni, Joseph Adaviruku; Sanni, Grace Omayoza; Awoniyi, Rufus Ranmilowo; Osanyinlusi, Remi; Richards, Yvonne Ego; Adesina, Goodness Inioluwa; Adenuga, Ore-ofe Oluwatoyin; Apata, Stella Ayomikun; Ekun, Oluwafemi Emmanuel (2024) - Discussion Proximate Composition Moisture Content The result of the proximate composition of Arachis hypogaea (groundnut seed) is shown in Table 1. Raw, boiled and fried groundnut seeds were analyzed for proximate composition, mineral contents, and phytochemical screening. Keywords: composition; content; crude; et al; fat; groundnut; hypogaea; mineral; protein; result; sample; seeds; test; water
• Assessment of the Phytochemical Constituents of Methanol Extract of Ereromastax Polysperma Leaves and its Effect on the Hematological Indices in Albino Rats by Idung, Victor Hogan; Okon, Grace Asukwo; Asiwe, Nicholas (2024) - Therefore, it is important to investigate the presence of phenolic compounds in plant extracts. The study investigated the effects of chronic administration of methanol extract of Eremomastax polysperma on the hematological parameters of albino rats. Keywords: blood; control; extract; parameters; plant; polysperma; presence; test; treatment
• The Comparison of Long-term Effect Between Intermittent Fasting and Calorie Restriction on Neurological Parameters of Mice by Ni'ma, Neli Syahida; Anggadiredja, Kusnandar (2024) - Mice in the CR group were fed 65% of the calorie requirement, which was 4.5 g/mice/day. Several test mice in the IF group showed pro-social behavior, such as the effort to overthrow the cage to free the stimulus mouse. Keywords: chamber; fasting; fear; food; group; intermittent; mice; mouse; test
• Levels of Oxidative Stress in Rats Treated with Calorie Restrictive Treatment and 50% Sucrose Solution by Mukhtar, Diniwati; Amsaka, Azha Azzuna; Pd, Fanny Ratnasari; Royhan, Aan; Ridwan, Karina Ajeng (2024) - Blood glucose levels of experimental rats were determined using the glucose oxidase biosensor method, using a blood glucose test meter glucoDr. Furthermore, on the 30th day blood glucose levels increased again because the administration of sucrose increased blood glucose and fat deposits as well as body weight in rats. Keywords: blood; body; control; glucose; group; levels; mda; sucrose; test; treatment; weight
• The Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Efficacy of Citrullus lanatus Rind Ethanol Extract Against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans by Cokro, Wilbert Alvin Genesis; Natassya, Priska; Soesanto, Sheila (2024) - This study aims to determine the antibacterial and antibiofilm efficacy of C. lanatus rind ethanol extract against A. actinomycetemcomitans. Antibacterial test results of C. lanatus rind ethanol extract against A. actinomycetemcomitans. Keywords: actinomycetemcomitans; antibiofilm; c. lanatus; ethanol; extract; lanatus; rind; test
• Histopathological Description of Mouse Liver in a Sepsis Model Infected with Escherichia coli Treated with Paederia foetida L. Leaf Extract for Sepsis Prevention by Savitri, Lisa; Retnowati, Ana; Kasimo, Elfred Rinaldo; Krissanjaya, Rochmad; Juwita, Syntia Tanu (2024) - The results of the study revealed the histopathological profile of liver cell degeneration in group PI (100mg/kg BW) at 20.79%±0.03, group PII (200mg/kg BW) at 21.63%±0.02, and group PIII (500mg/kg BW) at 9.08%±0.02. The research results show the histopathological picture of liver cell degeneration in Group PI (100mg/kgBW) at 20.79%±0.03, Group PII (200mg/kgBW) at 21.63%±0.02, and Group PIII (500mg/kgBW) at 9.08%±0.02. Keywords: 500mg; cell; coli; control group; group; kgbw; liver; sepsis; test; treatment; treatment group
• Exploring Allelochemical Compositions in The Roots of Two Varieties of Anacardium occidentale (Cashew) by Okoronkwo, Nnenna Ejije; Igwe, Jude Chibuzor; Nwosu, Nkemakolam Bright; Chukwu, Precious Onyinyechi; Chukwukere, Udoka Ifunnaya; Ihedigbo, Perculiar C. (2024) - The composition of allelochemicals in plant roots is diverse species-specific and has significant implications for plant interactions and soil ecology. Test for Quinines HCl Test The 1ml of plant extract was taken. Keywords: acid; bark; compounds; phenol; plant; red; root; test; varieties
• Physicochemical Characteristics of Jelly Candy Cinnamon Powder Koerintji Variation of Red Seaweed Carrageenan Concentration by Setiawan, Erwin; Ujianti, Rizky Muliani Dwi; Muflihati, Iffah; Affandi, Arief Rakhman (2024) - IC50 Antioxidant Activity Test Based on the results of the analysis of variance, it shows that the Kerinci cinnamon variety has a significant effect (α=5%) on cinnamon jelly candy, and the concentration of red seaweed carrageenan has a significant effect on jelly candy, using the DPPH (2,2 diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl) absorbance value method. The results showed that the concentration of red seaweed carrageenan significantly affected the antioxidant activity value and characteristics of cinnamon jelly candy. Keywords: antioxidant; candy; carrageenan; cinnamon; formulation; jelly; jelly candy; seaweed; test; value; water
• Effectiveness of Ethanol Extract Clove Leaves (Syzygium aromaticum) In Inhibiting Biofilm of Candida Albicans ATCC 14053 by Nuzula, Firdausi; Masfufatun, Masfufatun (2024) - The MBEC50 was determined by probit analysis, so the concentration of clove leaf ethanol extract (S. aromaticum) that can eradicate 50% of C. albicans biofilm is located at a concentration of 0.45%. Test the antibiofilm activity of clove leaf ethanol extract using the microtiter plate biofilm assay method. Keywords: albicans; biofilm; candida; clove; clove leaf; concentration; ethanol; extract; leaf; leaves; maturation; results; test
• Effect of Mixing Time Variation and Framing Time on the Quality of Coffee Grounds-based Solid Soap by Neisya, Insa Dorra; Suratno, Suratno; Fikri, Kamalia (2024) - Keywords: Chemical quality; Coffee grounds soap; Framing time; Mixing time; Physical quality. Soap with a pH that is not too alkaline based on the results of laboratory tests is 25 minutes of mixing time, 7 days of framing time and 25.5 minutes of mixing time, 7 days of framing time with an average score of 10,300. Keywords: content; days; difference; foam; framing time; minutes; mixing time; moisture; results; soap; test; time difference; value
• Phytochemical and Toxicity Analysis of Sonneratia alba Mangrove Leaf Extract using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) Method by Arta, Ni Kadek Dewi Asri Tiara; Indraningrat, Anak Agung Gede; Wijaya, Made Dharmesti (2024) - Several studies on the pharmacological activity of mangrove plants have shown that their compounds make them useful as traditional medicines (Kadir et al., 2019; Various secondary metabolite compounds are reported to be contained in mangrove plants, such as flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, steroids, and triterpenoids (Kadir et al., 2019). Keywords: acid; alba; anticancer; compounds; extract; hexane; lc50; mangrove; methanol; ppm; sonneratia; test; toxicity
• Mint leaf extract (Mentha x piperita L.) and Bay Leaves (Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp.) As Additional Ingredients for Making Hand Sanitizer by Winandari, Ovi Prasetya; Anisya, Shinta; Carolin, Lili Anisa (2025) - CONCLUSION Based on the results of the research that has been carried out, it can be concluded that there is the effectiveness of the addition of mint leaf extract (Mentha x piperita L.) and bay leaf extract (Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp.) The antibacterial activity test was carried out to determine the potential for inhibition of antibacterial mint leaf extract and bay leaf extract which was added as a preparation in the spray hand sanitizer formulation (Karmilah et al., 2023). Keywords: bay; extract; formulation; hand; leaf; leaf extract; leaves; mint; results; sanitizer; test
• Formulation and Effectiveness Test of Red Ginger (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum) and Starfruit (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) Combination Shampoo Against Pediculus humanus capitis by Anindita, Reza; Harahap, Salwa Zhafarina; Beandrade, Maya Uzia; Putri, Intan Kurnia (2024) - Formulation shampoo red ginger extract and star fruit The formula shampoo combining red ginger extract, star fruit, and lemon oil modified research of Dalming et al. (2022) shown in Table 1. This study aims to determine the physical stability and effectiveness of a combination of red ginger extract and star fruit shampoo against Pediculus humanus capitis. Keywords: extract; fruit; ginger; ginger extract; head; lice; oil; red; results; shampoo; star; star fruit; table; test
• Effectiveness Test of Methanol, Ethyl Acetate, and Chloroform Fractions of Bidara Leaf Extract (Zizyphus mauritiana L.) on Wound Healing in Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) by Umarella, Novel; Wirasti, Wirasti; Slamet, Slamet; Waznah, Urmatul (2024) - This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of bidara leaf extract fractions on incision wounds and determine which fraction was more effective in narrowing the incision wound. In bidara leaf, they are antibacterial, antiviral, and antiseptic, play a role in cell regeneration and repair, so they are effective in wound healing. Keywords: bidara; compounds; content; control; ethac; extract; flavonoid; fraction; healing; meoh; results; sample; test; total; wound
• Formulation and Evaluation of Hard Candy Preparation as an Innovative Internal Wound Medicine from Snakehead Fish (Channa striata) Albumin Extract by Diana, Ilvid; Ardelia, Elfi Abidah; Nadriani, Nazilatun; Azizah, Dilna; Widhyati, Dea Nova; Usman, Mohammad Rofik (2024) - Water Content Test The water content test was carried out by weighing 2 grams of Snakehead fish hard candy, putting it in a cup, then putting it in an oven at 100-105 ℃ for 3-5 hours, then cooling it in a desiccator, then weighing it. Ash Content Test A total of 5 grams of Snakehead fish hard candy is put into a porcelain cup that has a known weight, then Diana et al. – Formulation and Evaluation of Hard Candy Preparation as an … 519 burned at 500℃ for 4-5 hours or until white ash is formed, then put the sample in a desiccator, then weigh the sample. Keywords: albumin; candy; content; extract; fish; snakehead; snakehead fish; test; water; wound
• Histopathological Evaluation of Stomach Protection by Peperomia pellucida L. in Mice with Gastroenteritis by Savitri, Lisa; Krissanjaya, Rochmad; Kasimo, Elfred Rinaldo; Juwita, Syntia Tanu; Prasetyawan, Fendy; Saristiana, Yuneka; Mebung, Konradus Klala; Amanda, Cornelia (2025) - Necrosis The normality test results for the normal group yielded a p-value of 0.432, the positive control group (+) had a p- value of 0.913, the negative control group had a p-value of 0.293, Group I treatment (100mg/kgBW) had a p- value of 0.612, Group II treatment (300mg/kgBW) had a p-value of 0.591, and Group III treatment (500mg/kgBW) had a p-value of 0.627. The normality test results for the normal group yielded a p-value of 0.380, the positive control group had a p-value of 0.863, the negative control group had a p-value of 0.620, Group I treatment (100mg/kgBW) had a p-value of 0.310, Group II treatment (300mg/kgBW) had a p- value of 0.855, and Group III treatment (500mg/kgBW) had a p-value of 0.611. Keywords: control group; effects; gastroenteritis; gastroprotective; group; kgbw; mice; pellucida; test; treatment
• Formulation and Characterization Tests of SCOBY Kombucha Gel by Agustina, Eva; Nafisah, Raihana Frika; Fiddaroini, Achmad Farchan; Tania, Clarista Eka; Purnamasari, Risa; Andiarna, Funsu; Hidayati, Irul (2025) - Kombucha SCOBY gel does not cause skin irritation because the pH value of the gel is close to the natural pH of the skin, thus it can still be well tolerated. Preparing kombucha SCOBY gel involves using carbomer 940, methyl paraben, triethanolamine, glycerin, and SCOBY kombucha. Keywords: color; concentration; gel; kombucha; kombucha scoby; preparation; scoby; scoby gel; skin; spreadability; test; value
• The Potential of Hanjuang Merah (Cordyline fruticose) Antibacterial Liquid Body Wash by Rahayu, Emy; Rahmanina, Lilih; Pasaribu, Tupaida; Maulida, Maulida; Dewi, Mirnawati (2025) - The purpose of this study is to identify the potential of Cordyline fruticosa as a formulation of liquid body wash formulations and to find the effectiveness of Cordyline fruticosa in inhibiting infections caused by S. aureus bacteria made in the form of liquid body wash. The method used in the extraction is maceration and the manufacture of liquid body wash according to the formulation that has been made, while the disc diffusion method with concentrations of 5% (F1), 10% (F2), and 15% (F3) is used in antibacterial tests. Keywords: aureus; body; body wash; cordyline; extract; fruticosa; liquid; merah; test; wash
• Phytochemical Screening and Determination of Total Flavonoid Content of Keji Beling Leaves Ethanol Extract (Strobilanthes crispa Bl.) by Mahyantika, Seftya Putri; Husain, Muhammad Hafizh; Nirwana, Linggar; Aldina, Devana Rahma; Gemilang, Satria; Nafisa, Nafisa; Ramadhan, Majida; Sjakoer, Nour Athiroh Abdoes; Faisal, Faisal (2025) - These findings confirm the importance of secondary metabolite compounds in plants and the potential of keji beling leaf extract as a source of active compounds with health benefits, including antioxidant and antibacterial activities. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that ethanol extract of keji beling (Strobilanthes crispa) leaves contained total flavonoids of 144.347 ± 134.854 mg QE/g extract was measured using UV-Vis spectrophotometric method with AlCl3 reagent. Keywords: beling; compounds; content; drops; ethanol; extract; flavonoid; keji; leaves; solution; test; total
• Effectiveness Test of Melon Fruit Peel Ethanol Extract Cream (Cucumis melo) on Incision Wound Healing of White Rats (Rattus norvegicus) by Rizki, Husna; Harlita, Harlita (2025) - The results showed that melon rind extract cream had physical characteristics that met the standards. This study tested the characteristics of melon rind extract cream and the effectiveness of melon rind ethanol extract cream (Cucumis melo) on white rat (Rattus norvegicus) incision wound healing. Keywords: body; cream; extract; extract cream; melon; results; rind; test; treatment; weight; wound
• In Vivo Evaluation of Antidepressant Potential of Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorriza Robb.) Ethanol Extract in Mus musculus by Virgilius, Raja David; Limbong, Zest Lively; Ginting, Jericho L. (2025) - This research aims to evaluate the antidepressant potential of Curcuma xanthorriza ethanol extract in Mus musculus through in vivo testing. The antidepressant bioactivity of Curcuma xanthorriza ethanol extract can be described by the immobility time. Keywords: antidepressant; curcuma; ethanol; extract; immobility; mice; temulawak; test; time; xanthorriza
• Antihypercholesterolemic Activity of Tahongai Leaf infusion (Kleinsovia hospita L.) In Mice (Mus musculus L.) by Sianturi, Sister; Sinaga, Clara Ritawany; Leswana, Nurillahi Febria; Butar-Butar, Maria Elvina Tresia (2025) - Statistical analysis using One-Way ANOVA revealed a significant difference (p<0.05) in cholesterol level reduction among the treatment groups. The results indicated that the highest reduction in cholesterol levels was observed in the P1 group (15% infusion) with an average decrease of 30.84%, followed by P2 (30% infusion) at 24.79%, and P3 (60% infusion) at 9.31%. Keywords: cholesterol; control; daun; hospita; infusion; leaf; levels; mice; reduction; tahongai; test; treatment
• Laryngopharyngeal Reflux (LPR) Correlation to Middle Ear Disorders by Murdiyo, Mohammad Dwijo; Kurniadi, Melody Audria (2025) - Characteristics of LPR patients with middle ear disorders at ENT Clinic Saiful Anwar Hospital on January 2024-August 2024. (Brar et al., 2022) Seeing the correlation between LPR and middle ear disorders in LPR patients, the results of this study can be taken into consideration in the management of patients with impaired tubal function or OME who do not respond to definitive therapy. Keywords: correlation; disorders; ear; lpr; middle; patients; reflux; score; study; test
• Potential Effect of Orthosiphon aristatus Leaf Extract in Improving Collagen 1 Alpha 1 Expression in Hyperglycemia-Induced Rats by Aisyah, Riandini; Risanti, Erika Diana; Jatmiko, Safari Wahyu; Asfarina, Fatin (2025) - This condition leads to a heterogeneous condition characterized by β cell failure, ultimately resulting in T2D. Streptozotocin has toxic properties because of its potential to damage cells β the pancreas and impact the expression of the GLUT-2 protein which causes increased blood glucose levels in test animals. This study aimed to observe the potential of cat whisker leaf extract (Ortosiphon aristatus) in increasing the COL1A1 expression and is protective against increased blood sugar levels in hyperglycemia-induced Rattus norvegicus. Keywords: aristatus; blood; col1a1; diabetes; expression; extract; gene; insulin; levels; sugar; test
• Antibacterial Activity Test of Ethanol Extract Citrus Leaf Against Staphylococcus epidermidis by Anindita, Reza; Sulvayanti, Hana Yelsi; Inggraini, Maulin (2025) - https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v5i1.101 Wendersteyt, N. V., Wewengkang, D. S., & Abdullah, S. S. (2021). Comparison of the average diameter of the inhibition zone between treatment groups The treatment of lime leaf ethanol, kaffir lime, lemon, and combination (Table 6) with concentrations of 2%, 4%, and 8% was able to inhibit the growth of S. epidermidis with the average diameter of the inhibition zone in lime leaf ethanol extract of 1.67 mm, 3 mm, and 5.67 mm, kaffir lime : 2 mm, 5 mm, and 8 mm, lemon is 3.33 mm, 6.33 mm, and 9.67 mm, sweet orange was 3.67 mm, 9.33 mm, and 14.33 mm, and a combination orange leaf is 5.33 mm, 9 mm, and 10.67 mm. Keywords: citrus; epidermidis; ethanol; extract; jurnal; kaffir; leaf; lemon; lime; orange; results; sweet; test
• Phytochemicals, Nutritional and Anti-Nutritional Composition of Aqueous Extracts of White and Red Onions Bulbs by Abubakar, Ibrahim; Aliyu, Jabir Danyaya; Mohammed, Abdulganiyu Galadima; Ibrahim, Iklima Bandi; Sani, Said Said; Umar, Sanusi Farouq (2025) - RESULTS Phytochemicals Screening of Aqueous Extracts of White and Red Onions Bulbs Table 1 shows the phytochemicals constituents of aqueous extracts of white and red onions bulbs. Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry ISSN 2089-6514 (paper) Volume 14, Number 1, April 2025 | Pages: 465-472 | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.141.465-472 ISSN 2540-9328 (online) Phytochemicals, Nutritional and Anti-Nutritional Composition of Aqueous Extracts of White and Red Onions Bulbs Ibrahim Abubakar1,*, Jabir Aliyu Danyaya2, Abdulganiyu Mohammad Galadima3, Iklima Bandi Ibrahim4, Said Sani Said5 Sanusi Umar Farouq6 1Department of Biology-Chemistry, Idris Koko Technical College, Farfaru, Sokoto, Nigeria 2Biochemistry Unit, Department of Science Technology, Waziri Umaru Federal Polytechnic, Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria 3Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Technology Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria 4Centre for Advanced Science Research and Analytical Services, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria 5Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Science, Federal University, Dutsinma, Katsina, Nigeria 6Nisa Keywords: anti; aqueous; composition; et al; extracts; nutrients; onions bulbs; phytochemicals; plants; ppm; red; test; white
• Detection of Escherichia coli Contamination Using Most Probable Number (MPN) Methods of Jamu Pahitan in Singaparna District, Tasikmalaya by Rahmawati, Syifa Sri; Mardianingrum, Richa; Susanti, Susanti (2025) - -3 J 2 Pink Note: P ink, metallic green color indicates the presence of Escherichia coli bacteria. Abstract Indonesians consume a lot of traditional jamu, including jamu pahitan. Keywords: bacteria; basil; coli; gram; jamu; mpn; pahitan; results; test
• Statistical Analysis of Habbatussauda’s Benefits for Health (Blood Pressure, Glucose and Uric Acid) by Sugiyanto, Sugiyanto; Khalda, Luqyana; Ndii, Meksianis Zadrak (2019) - During the two weeks Habbatussauda consumption, respondents were contacted by phone to remind them to consume Habbatussauda and ask them if there are any complaints or perceived side effects while taking the Habbatussauda. Furthermore, respondents who take a blood test will be given 42 Habbatussauda capsule for two weeks consumption, the respondent consumes 3 Habbatussauda capsules daily, each capsule contains 600 mg of pure Habbatussauda. Keywords: average; glucose; habbatussauda; table; test
• Prospects of Dwarf Coconut (Cocos nucifera L. var. genjah) as a Cultivar for Coconut Sugar Production in East Lampung by Efendi, Lukman; Analianasari, Analianasari; Surfiana, Surfiana (2025) - Based on the analysis results, the regression equation obtained for the research results is 𝑌 = 3,242 − 0,041𝑋1 + 0,396𝑋2 − 0,270𝑋3 + 0,374𝑋4 + 0,705𝑋5 + 𝜀 It is clear that age and non-formal education do not influence the attitudes of dwarf coconut farmers toward coconut sugar production. Ha 14 34.15 Land Status Personal 38 92.68 Rent 3 7.32 Farming Experience 1 – 13 years 10 24.39 14 – 26 years 21 51.22 >27 years 10 24.39 Number of Trees 1 - 50 trees 21 51.22 > 50 trees 20 47.88 Age of the tree 15 years 29 70.73 6 – 10 years 12 29.27 Palm Oil Production 1-1.5 liters/stick 15 29.27 1.6-2 liters/stick 26 63.41 Sugar Production ≤ 300 Kg/month 21 51.22 > 300 kg/month 20 47.88 Frequency Following Counseling >4 times 4 9.76 4 times 30 73.17 3 times 7 17.07 Table 1 shows that the majority of the 41 respondents in this study were farmers aged 41–50 years, most of whom had a junior high school education, worked as coconut sugar farmers, and earned a monthly income ranging from IDR 2,000,000 to IDR 4,000,000 (average IDR 4,318,536). Keywords: age; area; attitudes; coconut; coconut sugar; dwarf coconut; education; et al; farmers; income; lampung; land; production; sugar production; test; years
• Detection of The p53 Gene in Formalin Fixed Tissue Archives by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Method by Wijayanti, Anastasia Elma; Sayekti, Fitria Diniah Janah (2025) - In addition to DNA purity, DNA concentration is also an important factor to obtain optimal PCR results. DNA purity was measured with a UV- Vis Spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 260 nm and 280 nm. Keywords: bands; cancer; concentration; dna; formalin; gene; p53; pcr; polymerase; primer; purity; results; samples; temperature; test; tissue
• Effect of PEG and CMC on Papaya (Carica papaya L.) Extract Against Aedes aegypti Larvae by Bestari, Rochmadina Suci; Rif'aini, Fidhia Nur; Aisyah, Riandini; Dewi, Listiana Masyita; Rosyidah, Devi Usdiana; Sintowati, Retno; Karuniawati, Hidayah (2025) - This study was conducted to determine the better suspending agent between CMC or PEG of papaya stem extract to kill Aedes aegypti larvae. Keywords: Papaya stem extract; CMC; PEG; Aedes aegypti larvae; Keywords: aedes; aegypti; agent; cmc; concentration; extract; larvae; methanol; mortality; papaya; papaya stem; peg; stem; study; test
• Isolation, Morphological Characterization, Biochemistry, and Antagonistic Activity of Endophytic Bacteria from Rice Against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzae by Sihotang, Saipul; Butar-Butar, Alfons Dwi Putra; Nasution, Lita; Rahma, Haliatur; Trizelia, Trizelia; Saragih, Magdalena; Kuswardani, Retna Astuti; Listiana, Ika; Napitupulu, Beatrix Sofranes (2025) - The presence of endophytic bacteria in rice plants has been widely reported to provide benefits, including increased growth, boosting plant resilience through the induction of systemic resistance, and producing secondary metabolites with antibacterial activity against pathogens (Ryan et al., 2008). In conclusion, Six isolates of endophytic bacteria from rice plants were produced. Keywords: bacillus; bacteria; betp; biocontrol; isolates; oryzae; plant; rice; test
• The Effectiveness of Honey Purity Testing from Several Regions in Central Sulawesi Province by Budiarsa, I Made; Trianto, Manap; Akram, Akram; Windarsih, Yulia; Ashari, Abdul (2025) - This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of simple purity tests in identifying adulteration in honey samples collected from several regions in Central Sulawesi Province. The materials used consisted of honey samples, plain water, and warm water at 50 °C. Keywords: effectiveness; honey; honey samples; purity; samples; test; water
• Evaluating Acute Toxicity of Jamu Cekok in Rats: A Histopathological Approach Based on OECD 425 by The, Michelle; Astuti, Puji; Aisyah, Siti; Kurniawan, Hadi (2025) - This indicates an increase in damage along with the increase in acute doses of the decoction extract of cekok herbal given to test rats, which is microscopically proven by the presence of various levels of liver cell damage in the preparations. Observations of body weight, behavioral tests, organ index, and macroscopic hepar of test rats showed no signs of toxicity. Keywords: acute; cekok; cells; damage; dose; extract; group; jamu; kgbw; liver; organ; rats; results; test; toxicity; treatment

• Fragrant Pandan (Pandanus ammaryllifolius) Leaves Ethanol Extract as an Enhancer of Endogenous Antioxidant Defence under High-Fat Diet Conditions by Sukanty, Ni Made Wiasty; Fajriani, Laksmi Nur; Saputra, I Putu Bayu Agus; Ariki, Iptan; Aditya, I Ketut Agus Yura (2025) - MDA levels were measured using the ELISA method, while total bilirubin and direct bilirubin were measured using spectrophotometry to determine indirect bilirubin levels. Group Indirect Bilirubin MDA Mean ± SD (mg/dL) F p Mean ± SD (mmol/mL) F p NC 0.0225 ± 0.01258 11.508 0.000** 2.2075 ± 0.18661 0.752 0.595 C+ 0.0375 ± 0.02217 2.1275 ± 0.19103 C- 0.0250 ± 0.01915 2.0150 ± 0.30161 T1 0.1600 ± 0.04082 1.9700 ± 0.08165 T2 0.0425 ± 0.04573 2.0425 ± 0.20630 T3 0.0375 ± 0.03096 2.0625 ± 0.13574 **p < 0.01 The results of the analysis of indirect bilirubin levels in Table 2 show a statistically significant difference between groups (F = 11.508; p = 0.000, p < 0.01). Keywords: antioxidant; bilirubin; bilirubin levels; day; fplee; groups; hfd; levels; mda; mg/200
• Anti-oxidative Effects of Butanol Seed Extract of Parkinsonia aculeata on Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Damage on Wistar Rats by AbdulRahman, Muhammad Bashiru; Malami, Yusuf Gumburawa; Hassan, Sanusi Wara; Lawal, Mansur; Adanlawo, Waliu Temitope; Birnin Kebbi, Mansur Mohammed; Sanusi, Kamaldeen Olalekan (2022) - This study sought to assess the anti-oxidative effects of butanol seed extract of Parkinsonia aculeata on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver damage on Wistar rats. The results of this study revealed that butanol seed extract from P. aculeata has antioxidant properties and can protect Wistar rats' livers from the damaging effects of CCl4. Keywords: aculeata; antioxidant; ccl4; extract; group; liver; rats; vitamin
• Chemical Compositions and Antioxidant Activity of Volatile Oils from Morinda citrifolia and Beta vulgaris Leaves from Nigeria by Onanuga, Adesegun Olusimba; Okpala, Ejike Onwudiegwu (2022) - The leaves essential oils of Morinda citrifolia L. and Beta Vulgaris L contains chemical compounds that might be responsible for their antioxidant activity. A blank experiment was carried out applying the same procedure without essential oil (DPPH + Methanol) and the absorbance was recorded as A (control). Keywords: antioxidant; beta; citrifolia; compounds; oils; vulgaris
• Solanum anomalum Leaf Extract and Fractions Attenuate Oxidative Stress and Liver Injuries in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats by Etuk, Idongesit Charles; Udobang, John Akpan; Ebong, Nwakaego Omonigho; Okokon, Jude Efiom (2022) - The hepatoprotective effect of Solanum anomalum in this study corroborate that previously 42 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry 12 (1), 2023: 33-44 reported on other species of Solanum such as S. nigrum, S. macrocapon and S. xanthocarpum (Lin et al., 2008; Gupta et al., 2011a; Adewale et al., 2015; Liu et al., 2016). Effect of leaf extract and fractions of Solanum anomalum on body and Liver weights of alloxan- induced diabetic rats. Keywords: alloxan; anomalum; antioxidant; diabetes; diabetic; effect; et al; extract; fractions; journal; leaf; leaf extract; levels; liver; rats; solanum; stress
• Phytochemical and Antioxidant Activity of Blumea balsamifera and Cordyline fruticosa Based on Ethnopharmacology Knowledge of Muara Tae Tribe, East Kalimantan by Sari, Nur Maulida; Aryani, Farida; Wartomo, Wartomo; Hernandi, Muhammad Fikri; Rositah, Erna; Prayitno, Joko (2023) - Based on Figure 4, the linear equation value for Blumea balsamifera ethyl acetate extract y = 1.0237x+25.762, the calculation of the IC50 value for Blumea balsamifera ethyl acetate extract obtained the following values: IC50 value of ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts of Cordyline fruticosa leaves sequentially were 73.72 µg/mL and 20.17 µg/mL. Based on the results, Blumea balsamifera and Cordyline fruticosa leaves extracts had the potential to develop as natural antioxidants. Keywords: acetate; antioxidant; balsamifera; blumea; blumea balsamifera; cordyline; cordyline fruticosa; ethanol; ethyl; extracts; fruticosa; leaves
• Uncovering the Antioxidant Power: Investigating the Skin and Flesh of Crystal Guava with Chloroform and Methanol Extractions and DPPH Assay by Ulmillah, Aulia; Alghifari, Arif; Widiani, Nurhaida (2023) - Sample Concentration % Inhibition Log Concentration Probit IC50 Value (ppm) Skin fruit extract (C) 50 26,82 1,6990 4,36 218,88 100 27,78 2,0000 4,39 150 29,94 2,1761 4,45 200 30,23 2,3010 4,48 250 31,62 2,3979 4,50 Skin fruit extract (M) 50 30,91 1,6990 4,48 89,78 100 33,95 2,0000 4,56 150 37,90 2,1761 4,67 200 39,46 2,3010 4,72 250 45,57 2,3979 4,87 Flesh fruit extract (C) 50 31,20 1,6990 4,50 270,56 100 31,79 2,0000 4,50 150 33,75 2,1761 4,56 200 34,23 2,3010 4,59 250 35,18 2,3979 4,61 Flesh fruit extract (M) 50 32,96 1,6990 4,53 185,72 100 33,83 2,0000 4,56 150 34,50 2,1761 4,59 200 38,08 2,3010 4,69 250 38,99 2,3979 4,69 Ascorbic acid 5 44,19 0,6990 4,85 18,09 10 60,78 1,0000 5,25 15 77,28 1,1761 5,74 20 88,98 1,3010 6,18 25 96,39 1,3979 6,75 *(C) = Chloroform, (M) = methanol The IC50 value shown in Table 2 indicates that ascorbic acid as a comparison has the strongest antioxidant activity, this is due to ascorbic acid being a pure antioxidant compound. Keywords: antioxidant; chloroform; crystal; crystal guava; dpph; extract; flesh; fruit; guava; guava fruit; methanol; ppm; skin; value
• Antioxidant Capacity Comparison of Ethanolic Extract of Soursop (Annona muricata Linn.) Leaves and Seeds as Cancer Prevention Candidate by Widyastuti, Dyah Ayu; Rahayu, Praptining (2017) - On the other hand, the antioxidant capacity of soursop seeds (S) ethanolic extract is only 39.01 %. Lower antioxidant capacity on soursop seeds (S) ethanolic extract was caused by its difficult extraction compare with leaves extraction. Keywords: antioxidant; capacity; dpph; extract; leaves; muricata; seeds; soursop
• Phenolic, Flavonoid Contents, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Activity of Selected Eucalyptus Species: Review by Moges, Getaneh Worku; Manahelohe, Gizachew Mulugeta; Asegie, Melese Ababay (2024) - The antioxidant activity of Eucalyptus essential oil is stronger than that of standard antibiotics such as erythromycin, cefixime, and gentamicin due to the presence of significant terpenoids in addition to phenolic chemicals and flavonoids. Beneficial and Healthy Properties of Eucalyptus Plants: A Great Potential Use. Keywords: antioxidant; et al; ethanol; eucalyptus; flavonoids; globulus; phenolic; plants; species
• Comparative Assessment of Nutritional, Antioxidant and Phytochemical Properties of Wild Yams (Dioscorea spp.) Accessions in Peninsular Malaysia by Azid, Mohd Zulkhairi; Ghazalli, Mohd Norfaizal; Kadir, Abdul Muhaimin Abdul; Mohd Noor, Siti Aisyah; Yusof, Saidatul Aqilah Mohamad; Yusof, Nur Daliana; Prayoga, Mohammad Raiehan; Salleh, Salmaniza (2025) - Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry ISSN 2089-6514 (paper) Volume 14, Number 1, April 2025 | Pages: 211-218 | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.141.211-218 ISSN 2540-9328 (online) Comparative Assessment of Nutritional, Antioxidant and Phytochemical Properties of Wild Yams (Dioscorea spp.) Corresponding author* zulkhairi@mardi.gov.my Abstract Yams (Dioscorea spp.) are one of the important tuber crops for sustainability and food security in the world. Keywords: accessions; alata; antioxidant; content; dioscorea; dioscorea spp; doi; et al; spp
• Phytochemical, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Activities of Stem Bark Fractions of Eucalyptus globulus Against Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Isolates by Abaka, AbdulAzeez Mumsiri; Dominic, Nazuwa; Emmanuel, Alex Yeri; Aliyu, Zayyad Dahiru (2025) - Phytochemical analysis revealed alkaloids, phenols, tannins, glycosides, and terpenoids in both methanol and aqueous extracts, while flavonoids and steroids were absent in aqueous extracts, and methanol extracts lacked saponins. Methanol extracts showed greater efficacy against E. coli and P. aeruginosa (12.8–13.8 mm inhibition zones), while aqueous extracts were most effective against S. aureus (19.3 mm at 100 mg/mL). Keywords: antioxidant; extract; globulus
• The Potential of Lime Juice in Reducing Fe Levels and Improving the Quality of Clove Leaf Oil Using Complexometry and Testing Its Antioxidant Activity Using DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil) by Wulandari, Teti Wulan; Prabawati, Susy Yunita (2025) - This study aims to analyze the ability of lime juice as a purifying agent in reducing iron content through complexometry, varying the concentration of lime juice (2%, 3%, and 4%) and stirring time (30, 60, and 90 minutes) on 50 mL of clove leaf oil mixed with 50 mL of lime juice. Keywords: clove leaf oil; complexometry; quality improvement; lime juice; eugenol; antioxidant; AAS; GC; UV-Vis. Abbreviations: SNI: Standar Nasional Indonesia (Indonesian National Standard), DPPH: 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, Fe: Iron, PA: Patchouli Alcohol, UV-Vis: Ultraviolet-Visible, IC50: Inhibitory Concentration 50%. Keywords: acid; antioxidant; clove; clove leaf; concentration; content; eugenol; juice; leaf; leaf oil; lime; minutes; oil; purification; time
• Analysis of Nutritional Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Yogurt Enriched with Butterfly Pea (Clitoria ternatea L.) Extract by Windarsih, Yulia; Budiarsa, I Made; Trianto, Manap; Akram, Akram; Ashari, Abdul (2025) - Water Content The analysis of water content in yogurt with the addition of butterfly pea flower extract (Table 3; Figure 1) showed no significant differences among treatments (p = 0.68). Ash Content The analysis of ash content in yogurt with the addition of butterfly pea flower extract (Table 4; Figure 1) showed no significant differences among treatments (p = 0.38). Keywords: addition; analysis; antioxidant; butterfly; butterfly pea; content; et al; extract; flower; food; pea; pea extract; yogurt

• Identification of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) Consortium from Tempeh Jember Based on 16S rRNA Gene Sequences as Potential Probiotic Candidates by Azizah, Siti Nur; Rosida, Rosida; Febiaocti, Rizka Yolanda; Nurmalasari, Dewi Riskha; Sipriyadi, Sipriyadi (2025) - Table 1 also presents the alignment of LAB isolate sequences with available data in NCBI (BLAST-N) along with their accession numbers. Previous research successfully obtained lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolates as probiotic candidates from tempeh produced in Jember, and preclinical testing showed that administering a consortium of five LAB isolates at a dose of 10⁸ CFU/ml to BALB/c mice was an effective treatment for further application. Keywords: 16s; acid; bacteria; et al; gene; identification; isolates; jember; lab; lactiplantibacillus; plantarum; rrna; similarity; strain; tempeh
• In Silico Exploration of Bioactive Compounds from Dracaena cochinchinensis as Potential Inhibitors of Streptococcus pyogenes Inosine-5'-Monophosphate Dehydrogenase (IMPDH) by Handayani, Septi; Nawan, Nawan; Toemon, Agnes (2025) - https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2021.104904 Hughes, J. P., Rees, S. S., Kalindjian, S. B., & Philpott, K. L. (2011). Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 58(9), 4066–4072. https://doi.org/10.1021/ACS.JMEDCHEM.5B00104/SUPPL_ FILE/JM5B00104_SI_001.PDF Ünübol, N., Caglayan, N., Cebeci, S., Beşli, Y., Sancak, B., Uyar, N. Y., Ahrabi, S. S., Alebouyeh, M., & Kocagöz, T. (2025). Keywords: acid; binding; cochinchinenene; compounds; discovery; drug; impdh; isopimaric; lipinski; pyogenes
• Larvicidal Activity of The Mixture of Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) and Aqueous Extract of Sapindus rarak DC Against Larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus by Fauziah, Rahmi Safarina; Sudarsono, Sudarsono; Mulyaningsih, Budi (2014) - There was significant decreasing mortality percentage of the larvae by increasing CNSL concentration (table 2). HPLC analysis of CNSL constituents The identity of anacardic acid was confirmed by HPLC. Keywords: acid; cashew; cnsl; extract; larvae; larvicidal; nut; ppm
• Synthesis, Characterization and Activity Test of Natural Zirconium Zeolite (Zr-ZA) Catalyst in The Esterification Reaction of Glycerol with Acetic Acid Anhydride by Krisdiyanto, Didik; Farihah, Tutik; Supriyati, Hikmah (2022) - The product of glycerol esterification reaction with acetic acid anhydride using zirconium-impregnated natural zeolite (ZA-Zr) as catalyst was analyzed qualitatively using an infrared spectrophotometer. Infrared spectra of glycerol esterification reaction with acetic acid anhydride using zirconium-impregnated natural zeolite (ZA-Zr) as catalyst. Keywords: acid; catalyst; cm-1; esterification; figure; glycerol; reaction; triacetin; zeolite
• Comparative Assessment of the Proximate Composition, Functional Properties and Amino Acid Profile of Dioscorea bulbifera, Dioscorea alata and Dioscorea rotundata Found in Minna, Niger State by Godfrey, Eneogwe Okechukwu; Faith, Obuye; Esther, Ibrahim Izihyi (2023) - Dioscorea bulbifera Dioscorea rotundata Dioscorea alata Figure 1. Amino acids Dioscorea alata Dioscorea rotundata Dioscorea bulbifera Leucine 6.29±0.06a 8.46±0.04a 7.18±0.02e Lysine 4.37±0.05a Keywords: acid; amino; capacity; content; dioscorea; dioscorea alata; dioscorea bulbifera; dioscorea rotundata; food; properties; species; yam; 𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡
• Physical Characteristics of Immobilized Cells Acetobacter xylinum of Various Concentrations of Na-alginate by Indraningtyas, Lathifa; Kustyawati, Maria Erna; Fitriah, Nafiatul (2024) - Treatment Picture Description Na-alginate 2% -Beads surface: Cracking or cracking -Pores: Large size with a small amount -Pore size: 60.37 μm Na-alginat 5% -Peraccording to beads : Halus -Pores: Small size with a large amount -Pore size: 10.55 μm Indraningtyas et al. – Physical Characteristics of Immobilized Cells … 171 Based on the complete cross-section of immobilized cells, it shows that immobilized cells with a Na-alginate concentration of 2% have a different cross-section from immobilized cells with a concentration of 5%, both in terms of size and number of immobilized cell pores. The purpose of this study was to determine the physical characteristics of immobilized cells in different concentrations of Na- alginate and apply them to the manufacture of nata de coco, as well as to see the surface and pore shape of immobilized cells after fermentation. Keywords: a.xylinum; acid; alginate; cells; color; concentration; culture; fermentation; nata; size
• Antimicrobial Potential of Selected Phytochemicals from Hygrophila schulli; Computational Insights by Perera, Pasindu Dilshan; Lawan, Haritha (2024) - Another important characteristic is that all the screened phytochemicals from Hygrophila schulli plant extract don't show hepatotoxicity (Table 4), even though the well-known commercially available antibiotic ciprofloxacin shows some level of hepatotoxicity. Secondary metabolites given in Table 1 were analyzed for their physicochemical properties, and the results are epitomized in Table 2. Keywords: acid; ciprofloxacin; dna; hygrophila; kcal; metabolites; mol; potential; protein; schulli; topoisomerase
• The Effect of Probiotic Starter Culture Variation on the Quality of Yogurt Based on Indonesian National Standard by Ih, Hariyanto; Cristin, Bella; Nurbaeti, Siti Nani (2024) - An example of functional food is yogurt which is a dairy product that uses fermentation techniques with lactic acid bacteria (Zajác P et al, 2020). Each type of lactic acid bacteria has a different ability to metabolize lactose which affects the ability of proteins to coagulate. Keywords: acid; bacteria; bulgaricus; lactobacillus; streptococcus; thermophilus; total; value; viscosity; yogurt
• Commercial Incense: Compound Analysis and Its Molecular Docking Studies as Anxiolytic Agents by Apsari, Cintya Nurul; Ujiantari, Navista Sri Octa; Rohmah, Zuliyati; Utami, Setyowati Triastuti; Suma, Artania Adnin Tri; Gusnaniar, Niar (2024) - Journal of ethnobiology and ethnomedicine, 13, 1-24, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13002­017­0193­4 Api, A. M. (2001). International journal of environmental research and public health, 16(6), 923, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fijerph16060923 Bagherian, H., Ashtiani, F. Z., Fouladitajar, A., & Mohtashamy, M. (2011). Keywords: acid; anxiety; compounds; docking; doi; ester; et al; gabaa; incense; ligand; model; protein; receptor; research; score; yes
• Effect of Justicia insularis Leaf Extract and Fractions on Oxidative Stress Markers, Liver Function Parameters and Liver Histology of Plasmodium berghei -Infected Mice by Enyiekere, Veronica James; Anagboso, Martin Osita; Ise, Uduak Peter; Essien, Grace Emmanuel; Okokon, Jude Efiom; Ebong, Nwakaego Omonigho (2024) - Histology of liver sections revealed absence or significant reductions in pathological features in infected mice treated with leaf extract (100 mg/kg), DCM and ethyl acetate fractions compared to untreated infected mice. Values were presented as mean ± standard error 354 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry 13 (2), 2024: 351-359 of the mean (SEM) and significance relative to the control was considered at p ˂ 0.05. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Determination of Median lethal dose (LD50) Administration of leaf extract of J. insularis (100 - 5000 mg/kg) orally did not cause any mortality in the animal groups administered (Table 1). Keywords: acetate; acid; berghei; control; doi; effect; et al; extract; fractions; insularis; justicia; leaf; leaf extract; liver; malaria; mice; plasmodium; stress
• Preparation of Ni/Bentonite Acid-Activated using Dragon Fruit Peel Extract (Hylocereus polyrhizus) As a Reductor for One Pot Synthesis of Menthol by Marhayuni, Yuni; Widiakongko, Priyagung Dhemi (2024) - Abstract Ni/Bentonite is acid-activated has been synthesized using dragon fruit peel extract (Hylocereus polyrhizus) as a reductor through an impregnation method. This research aims to characterize Ni/Bentonite acid-activated using dragon fruit peel extract as a reductor based on FTIR and XRD instruments and to analyze the product obtained in one pot synthesis of menthol from citronellal using Ni/Bentonite acid- activated catalyst. Keywords: acid; bentonite; bentonite acid; catalyst; citronellal; dragon; fruit; menthol; reaction; synthesis
• Application of Taguchi Experimental Design in Optimization of Levulinic Acid Production from Cellulose Derived From Millet Stalk by Ibrahim, Shehu; Muhammad, Abdullahi Sokoto; Umar, Kabiru Jega; Muhammad, Ibrahim Magami (2025) - Levulinic acid production from the millet stalk was carried out in Teflon lined stainless steel autoclave (50cm3) using standard method. Recent advances, perspectives and challenges on levulinic acid production from residual biomass. Keywords: acid; biomass; cellulose; content; et al; levulinic; levulinic acid; lignin; millet; millet stalk; production; sample; stalk
• Optimization of Total Polyphenol Content In Herbal Tea Formula Bay Leaves, Cinnamon, and Black Tea by Raharjo, Sentot Joko; Azizah, Devita Nur; Yusuf, Ayu Ristamaya (2025) - Black tea contains total polyphenol levels of 165 mg GAE/g. In general, black tea contains derivatives of polyphenol compounds which have antioxidant effects. Herbal Preparation Formulation Upper and lower limits of preparations of bay leaves, cinnamon and black tea leaves in formulation optimization using Expert Design software version 13.0. Keywords: acid; bay; bay leaves; cinnamon; compounds; content; formula; gae; gallic; leaves; levels; polyphenol; polyphenol content; solution; tea; total; wavelength
• Cytotoxicity and Isolation of Betullinic Acid from Anthonotha noldeae Stem Bark by Atiko, Rejoice; Musba’u, Idriss Bamidele; Kwaji, Andrew; Nyakuma, Bemgba B.; Pius, Philip; Umar, Ibrahim M.; Muhammad, Adam I. (2025) - The authors opine that the discovery of Betulinic acid A. noldeae could open novel therapeutic applications, targeting cancer and protecting against oxidative stress. Al-Matani, S. K., Al-Wahaibi, R. N. S. and Hossain, M. A. (2015). Keywords: acid; betulinic; nauplii
• Prediction of Artocarpus altilis Potential as an Anti Breast Cancer by Inhibiting EGFR: a Molecular Docking Study by Farid, Muhammad; Rastrani, Ardestya; Rahma, Adinda Aulia; Ramadhania, Widya Aryana (2025) - Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, 9(4S), 310. https://doi.org/10.4314/jfas.v9i4s.18 Goedendorp, M. M., Andrykowski, M. A., Donovan, K. A., Jim, H. S., Phillips, K. M., Small, B. J., Laronga, C., & Jacobsen, P. B. (2012). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13321-018-0283-x Ganeson, S., Jamil, M. M. A., Adon, M. N., Wahab, R. A., & Ahmad, M. S. (2018). Keywords: acid; cancer; compounds; docking; egfr; interaction; ligand; protein
• In silico Toxicity Prediction of Ethanol Extract of Cola rostrata (K. Schum.) Epicarp by Ajayi, Babatunde Ebenezer; Aina, Oluwafemi Segun; Odunlade, Albert Kolawole; Minari, Bamidele Joseph (2025) - Federal Drug Administration maximum (recommended) daily dose; NP: non-polar extract fraction; and P: polar extract fraction. Binding free energy (kcal/mol) of three components of Cola rostrata extract to selected cellular proteins. Keywords: acid; binding; cola; components; compounds; epicarp; ester; extract; fractions; interactions; potential; rostrata; toxicity
• Sensitive and Selective Chromatographic Method to Determine Vanadium in Commercial Phosphoric Acid by Pyar, Hassan; Wahoud, Abdul Rahman (2025) - This indicates that it is possible to use the standard calibration curve to determine vanadium concentration in phosphate derivative samples with an acceptable error. Table 2: Vanadium concentrations in phosphate industrial derivatives. Keywords: acid; determination; doi; method; samples; vanadium
• Proximate Analysis and Chemical Constituents of Psychotria latistipula Benth. (Rubiaceae) Leaves by Odewo, Samuel Akinniyi; Banwo, Olayombo Margaret (2025) - 9- Octadecenoic acid methyl ester Oleic acid Heptadecanoic acid, 14-methyl- methyl ester 9-Octadecenal, (Z)- Neophytadiene Pentadecanoic acid, 14-methyl-, methyl ester n-Hexadecanoic acid Heptyl octadecyl ether (Z)-Methyl heptadec-9-enoate Figure 2: Some major constituents found in acetone-hexane extract of Psychotria latistipula leaves. Octadecanoic acid Saturated Fatty acid C18H36O2 284.5 14.03 22 16.340 8-Hexadecenal, 14-methyl-, (Z)- Unsaturated fatty aldehyde C17H32O 252.4 1.43 23 16.328 (Z)-Methyl heptadec-9-enoate Fatty acid ester C18H34O2 282.4 3.02 24 16.980 Z-10-Methyl-11-tetradecen-1-ol propionate Fatty acid ester C18H34O2 282.5 1.88 25 17.335 Eicosane Acyclic saturated hydrocarbon C20H42 324.8 0.97 26 18.491 13-Octadecenal, (Z)- Unsaturated fatty aldehyde C18H34O 266.5 1.26 27 19.069 cis-Vaccenic acid Keywords: acid; analysis; compounds; content; ester; fatty; latistipula; leaves; methyl; sample
• Actinomycetes from Plant Rhizosphere in Gorontalo Karst Area as Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria by Matalauni, Citra Leonita; Retnowati, Yuliana; Katili, Abubakar Sidik; Kandowangko, Novri Youla; Hasan, Ani M. (2025) - (Zhang et al., 2019; Zhang et al., 2021). Zhang et al., (2021) reported that only 17 of 60 Actinomycetes isolates were active against Fusarium oxysporum. Keywords: ability; acid; actinomycetes; et al; gorontalo; growth; iaa; isolates; karst; phosphate; plant; rhizosphere; rzpk-05; soil; streptomyces

• Effectiveness of Traditional Remedies Pucuk Jarak and Bedak Langeh in Melongas Massage on the Growth and Development of Stunted Toddlers by Isasih, Widani Darma; Ardian, Junendri (2025) - Category Intervention Group Control Groups Pucuk Jarak Group Bedak Langeh Group F % F % F % Body Weight Increased 20 83.3 15 62.5 10 41.7 Decreased 1 4.2 2 8.3 1 4.2 Remained The Same 3 12.5 7 29.2 13 54.2 Total 24 100.0 24 100.0 24 100.0 Height Increased 18 75.0 13 54.2 4 16.7 Decreased 6 25.0 11 45.8 20 83.3 Total 24 100.0 24 100.0 24 100.0 Appetite Increased 20 83.3 11 45.8 8 33.3 Decreased 1 4.2 6 25.0 3 12.5 Remained The Same 3 12.5 7 29.2 13 54.2 Total 24 100 24 100 24 100 Sleep Quality Increased 19 79.2 18 75.0 13 54.2 Decreased 3 12.5 2 8.3 6 25.0 Remained The Same 2 8.3 4 16.7 5 20.8 Total 24 100 24 100 24 100 Immunity Increased 19 79.2 18 75.0 13 54.2 Decreased 3 12.5 2 8.3 6 25.0 Remained The Same 2 8.3 4 16.7 5 20.8 Total 24 100 24 100 24 100 Based on Table 3, it can be observed that there was an increase in body weight among stunted toddlers in the intervention groups, namely 83.3% in the traditional remedies pucuk jarak group and 62.5% in the bedak langeh group. Furthermore, an increase in appetite was observed in the intervention groups, with 83.3% in the traditional remedies pucuk jarak group and 45.8% in the bedak 1180 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry 14 (2), 2025: 1177-1184 langeh group. Keywords: bedak; bedak langeh; control; control group; group; growth; jarak; jarak group; langeh; massage; melongas; pucuk; pucuk jarak; remedies; remedies pucuk; toddlers
• Beneficial Effect of Sumbawa Wild Horse Milk Yogurt on Lipid Profile and Cardiovascular Risk in Rats on a High-Cholesterol Diet by Fajriani, Laksmi Nur; Sukanty, Ni Made Wiasty; Putri, Dea Pratiwi Silpia; Febriani, Esya Mariska (2025) - An elevated Atherogenic Index (AI) reflects the occurrence of atherogenic dyslipidemia, characterized by high cholesterol levels, low HDL, and the formation of small, dense LDL particles. High cholesterol levels are also a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Keywords: cholesterol; crr; group; hdl; horse; ldl; levels; lipid; milk; risk; sumbawa; yogurt
• Analysis of Body Posture using Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) and Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) to Improve the Posture of Sand Paper Machine Operators and Reduce the Risk of Low Back Pain by Kusuma, Trio Yonathan Teja (2020) - The final result after the improvement is obtained Rapid Entire Body Assessment score of 3 and Rapid Upper Limb Assessment score of 4. Assessment of body posture score. Keywords: assessment; body; group; posture; score
• Immunoprotective Effect of Cocos nucifera Oil on Sheep Red Blood Cell-Induced Immunocompromised Rats by Idu, MacDonald; Debby, Igori; Gabriel, Benjamin Ogunma (2023) - The anti-oxidant test carried out to estimate the in vivo scavenging power of Catalase Response on coconut oil extract in Wistar rat as shown in Figure 2b. The effect of immunomodulatory properties of coconut oil was evaluated after challenging the animals with 0.3 ml sheep red blood cells (SRBCs) intraperitoneally and further treated with graded doses (0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 ml/kg i.p) of the oil extract for 21 days. Keywords: arrow; blood; coconut; coconut oil; control; extract; group; kg coconut; oil
• Combination Interactive Effects of Gongronema latifolium Leaves and Picralima nitida Seeds Extracts on Glucose Tolerance by Egbuniwe, Maureen Ifeyinwa; Ozoani, Harrison Anezichukwu; Ajaghaku, Amara Anwuchaepe; Mbagwu, Ikechukwu Sonne; Orji, Uchechukwu Harrison; Ajaghaku, Daniel Lotanna (2023) - In comparison to the control group, the area under the curve (AUC) of the plot of blood glucose against time was used to measure metabolic glucose tolerance. The percent change in blood glucose for each animal was calculated and the average for each group was determined. Keywords: combination; dose; extracts; glucose; group; latifolium; nitida
• Medicinal Plants: A Prospect in Developing Male Fertility Enhancing Agent by Luthfi, Muhammad Ja’far; Noor, Mahanem Mat; Latip, Jalifah (2015) - Compared with synthetic drugs, plant drugs are not suitable for High-Throughput Screening. The study and evaluation of plant drug are very complicated, time-consuming, and more expensive compared to conventional drugs (Cordell,. Keywords: drug; extracts; fertility; group; male; medicine; new; plants; research; sanrego; sperm; study
• Antidiarrhoeal Activities of Lime (Citrus aurantiifolia) Extract in Experimentally-Induced Diarrhoea Model by Isirima, Joshua Charles; Uahomo, Precious Ojo (2023) - The test groups received various doses (97.65mg/kg, 195.3mg/kg, and 390.6mg/kg) of Citrus aurantiifolia juice extract; whereas positive controls received Loperamide (2.5mg/kg) and negative controls received distilled water (1ml/kg). Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry ISSN 2089-6514 (paper) Volume 12, Number 1, April 2023 | Pages: 305-313 | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2023.121.305-313 ISSN 2540-9328 (online) Antidiarrhoeal Activities of Lime (Citrus aurantiifolia) Keywords: aurantiifolia; castor; citrus; citrus aurantiifolia; content; control; diarrhoea; dose; group; loperamide; mean; rats; water; weight; wistar
• Nanotechnology-Based Vaccines by Hussein, Mohamed; Mumtaz, Madiha; Nasir, Iqra; Abdullahi, Anisa (2023) - Vaccine safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy were evaluated over 1 year. Co- administration resulted in no change to influenza vaccine immune response although a reduction in antibody responses to the NVX-CoV2373 vaccine was noted. Keywords: cov-2; cov2373; days; dose; efficacy; et al; events; group; immunogenicity; nvx; participants; phase; placebo; responses; safety; sars; study; trial; vaccination; vaccine
• Bio-larvicidal Potential of Betel Leaves (Piper betle L) Ethanolic Extract in Addition of PEG 400 Diluent on Aedes aegypti Larvae by Dewi, Listiana Masyita; Ariffah, Hilda Zaniba; Aisyah, Riandini; Nurhayani, Nurhayani (2023) - Keywords: Betel leaves; PEG, Bio-larvicidal; Aedes aegypti. Abstract Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is a kind of vector transmitted disease, by Aedes aegypti. Keywords: aedes; aegypti; betel; eebl; group; larval; peg; study
• Analysis of Bull Sperm DNA Abnormalities Due to Cadmium Accumulation by Fitriawan, Fuad (2017) - Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry ISSN 2089-6514 (paper) Volume 6, Number 1, 2017 | Pages: 5-8 | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2017.61.5-8 ISSN 2540-9328 (online) Analysis of Bull Sperm DNA Abnormalities Due to Cadmium Accumulation Fuad Fitriawan Institute of Islamic Studies Sunan Giri (INSURI) Fitriawan – Analysis of Bull Sperm DNA Abnormalities Due to Cadmium Accumulation 7 Table 1. Keywords: abnormalities; abnormality; cadmium; dna; group; percent; rapd; similarity; sperm; treatment
• Nephroprotective Activities of Ethanol Root Extract and Fractions of Hippocratea africana Against Doxorubicin-Induced Kidney Toxicity by Noah, Kufre U.; Udobang, John A.; Okokon, Jude E.; Anagboso, Martin O.; Ebong, Nwakaego Omonigho (2023) - Noah et al. – Nephroprotective Activities of Ethanol Root Extract and Fractions … 479 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Effect of root extract and fractions of H. africana on body and organs weights of rats with doxorubicin- induced toxicity Administration of H. africana root extract and fractions to rats with doxorubicin-induced organs toxicities caused considerable improvement of the body weights compared to the organotoxic group. Rats in group 3 (C ) treated with 200 mg/kg of H. africana root extract and doxorubicin (1.66 mg/kg), group 4 (D) treated with 400 mg/kg of H. africana root extract and doxorubicin (1.66 mg/kg), group 6 (F) treated with 400 mg/kg of aqueous fraction of H. africana root and doxorubicin (1.66 mg/kg), group 7 (G) treated with 400 mg/kg of dichloromethane fraction of H. africana root and doxorubicin (1.66 mg/kg) and group 8 (H) treated with 100 mg/kg of silymarin of H. africana root and doxorubicin (1.66 mg/kg) had kidney sections showing normal renal tubules and glomeruli with no evidence of pathology seen. Keywords: africana; doxorubicin; extract; fractions; group; kidney; okokon; rats; root; root extract
• Assessment of Sensorimotor Behaviour in Konzo-Induced Rats Using the Irvine, Beattie Bresnahan Forelimb Scale by David, Lekpa Kingdom; Uahomo, Precious Ojo; Idung, Victor Hogan; Dakoru, Rachael Data (2023) - Specifically, konzo is associated with a high cyanide diet of bitter cassava consumed over a period of several weeks combined with a low intake of protein, particularly a shortfall of essential S-containing amino acids that are needed to detoxify cyanide to thiocyanate in the body (Howlet et al, 1990). Contact Volar Support: A – Control (Fed with normal feeds – finishers), B – Fed with bitter cassava, C - fed with bitter cassava then treated with Complan, D - Fed with bitter cassava then treated with Bambara Nut Figure 3. Keywords: bambara; cassava; complan; forelimb; group; konzo; nut; rats; weight
• Liver Protection Effect of Red Rose Petal Methanol Extract in Copper-Induced Liver Injury in Male Wistar Rats by Hutagalung, Caroline Febrina; Girsang, Ermi; Mutia, Maya Sari; Suhartina, Suhartina; Natali, Oliviti (2023) - Interestingly, the highest dose (1,200 mg/ kg BW) of rose petal methanol extract had an effect as same as the standard group. This study revealed that either dose of rose petal methanol extract significantly decreased the SGOT and SGPT enzyme levels, indicating the liver protection effect of rose petal methanol extract. Keywords: copper; effect; et al; extract; group; liver; methanol; petal; rose; sgot; sgpt; study; tissue
• Effect of Citrullus lanatus Seeds Extract on Haematological Parameters After Administration with Medroxyprogesterone Acetate on Female Wistar Rats by Nnumolu, Michael Chuks; Godspower, Onyeso (2023) - Furthermore, the rats treated with MPA + 200mg/kg of C. lanatus seed extract (Group III) and those given only 200mg/kg C. lanatus seed extract (Group V) had a significant difference (P<0.05) in the MCV (54.33 ± 1.14) and (51.88 ± 0.43) as compared to Group II given MPA only (31.08±3.36). Conversely, rats treated with MPA + 200mg/kg of C. lanatus seed extract (Group III) exhibited a significant increase (P<0.05) in mean WBC count (11.59±0.35) compared to both Group I (7.45±0.38) and Group II (4.35 ± 0.35) that received MPA alone. Keywords: extract; group; group ii; lanatus; mpa; rats; seed
• Identification and Toxicity Profiling of Column Fractions of Ethanol Leaf Extract of Ziziphus mauritiana by Owolarafe, Tajudeen Alowonle; Kailani, Salawu (2024) - Brine Shrimp Toxicity of sub fractions of ethanol leaf extracts fraction III of Z. mauritiana. The reduction observed in platelet count may be an indication of an increase in the blood pressure of the animal therefore certain phytoconstituents of administered extract fraction may induce high blood pressure. Keywords: control; effect; ethanol; ethanol extract; ethanol leaf; extract; fraction; group; leaf; mauritiana; toxicity; ziziphus
• Therapeutic Azithromycin Mitigated Monosodium Glutamate-Related Dysfunction in Rats’ Body Weight and Serum, Liver, Kidney and Heart Antioxidant Defense Bioindicators by Egbuonu, Anthony Cemaluk Chinedum; Alaebo, Prince Ogochukwu; Onuoha, Udumma Nsofor; Njoku, Chinomso Juliet; Eze, Obioma Benedeth; Odoemelam, Francisca Ugochi; Edum, Michael Eberechukwu; Obi, Ojichukwu Boniface; Ukaegbu, Mmesoma Joy; Nwaogwugwu, Sandra Uchechi; Orji, Marvellous Chinonso; Ndukwe, Clara Ngozika; Opara, Prosper; Oyoyo, Chinagorom; Joe-Eme, Chika Blessing; Okwoigwe, Cheluchiaka Jecinta (2024) - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Rats in MSG group had the highest while those in OAZ group had the least followed by TAZ and MSG + TAZ (p < 0.05) body weight increase compared to control and the other groups (Figure 1). As shown in Figure 2, GSH concentration in the serum liver, kidney and heart was highest (p < 0.05) in MSG group and least in these organs and in the serum in TAZ + MSG group compared to control and others. Keywords: azt; bwg; et al; group; heart; kidney; liver; msg; msg group; rats; serum; taz
• Leaf Extract of Kentut (Paederia foetida L.) as a Preventive Measure Against Interleukin-6 Expression in the Liver of Mice in a Sepsis Model Injected with Escherichia coli by Savitri, Lisa; Freitas, Maria Do Carmo Da Costa; Kasimo, Elfred Rinaldo; Krissanjaya, Rochmad; Juwita, Syntia Tanu (2024) - The LSD test showed that overall comparisons between treatment groups had a significance value of P<0.05, suggesting that the comparison between treatment groups had different effects, except for the comparison between the negative control group and treatment group I (100mg/kg BW), which yielded a significance value of 0.196 or 0.196>0.05. Observation results of IL-6 expression in the liver of negative control group mice. Keywords: average; control; expression; extract; group; il-6; kentut; kgbw; mice; sepsis; treatment; treatment group
• Hippocratea africana Ethanol Root Extract and Fractions Attenuate Doxorubicin-Induced Testicular Toxicity and Oxidative Stress by Noah, Kufre U; Okokon, Jude E (2024) - RESULTS Effect of root extract and fractions of H. africana on body and organs weights of rats with doxorubicin- induced toxicity Administration of H. africana root extract and fractions to rats with doxorubicin-induced organ toxicities caused considerable improvement in the body weights compared to the organotoxic group. Rats in group 3 (C) treated with 200 mg/kg of H. africana root extract and doxorubicin (1.66 mg/kg), group 4 (D) treated with 400 mg/kg of H. africana root extract and doxorubicin (1.66 mg/kg), group 5 (E) treated with 600 mg/kg of H. africana root extract and doxorubicin (1.66 mg/kg), group 6 (F) treated with 400 mg/kg of aqueous fraction of H. africana root and doxorubicin (1.66 mg/kg), group 7 (G) treated with 400 mg/kg of dichloromethane fraction of H. africana root and doxorubicin (1.66 mg/kg) and group 8 (H) treated with 100 mg/kg of silymarin of H. africana root and doxorubicin (1.66 mg/kg) had testis sections that showed well preserved cellular and connective tissue architectures, multiple stages of seminiferous tubules with lumen, developing germinal cell layers, normal tunica albuginea and no evidence of pathologic changes were found except focal germinal cell vacuolation that was seen in group 6 (Figure 2 A-H). Keywords: africana; doxorubicin; effect; et al; extract; fractions; group; hippocratea; okokon; rats; root; root extract; stress; testicular; toxicity
• Comparison of Interleukin-1b-511 C/T Polymorphism in Schizophrenia of Batak and Minangkabau Ethnicities in Pematang Siantar by Wijaya, Raysha Awlia; Fachrial, Edy; Lister, I Nyoman Ehrich; Ariatama, Bayu (2024) - Batak ODS group, the frequency of occurrence of the C allele is 98 times (40.8%) and the T allele is 142 times (59.2%). Another study on the relationship between INF-γ+874 A/T gene polymorphism and schizophrenia in Batak ODS (people with Schizophrenia) with control groups by Damanik et al (Damanik et al., 2020) and a study by Saragih et al (Saragih et al., 2021)on the difference in the frequency of appearance of G allele and C allele variant –G174C IL-6 in the Batak ODS group with the control group. Keywords: allele; batak; batak ethnic; ethnic; genotype; group; minangkabau; ods; ods group; polymorphism; schizophrenia; value; years
• Modulatory Efficiency of Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) on Collagen-Induced Platelet Aggregation and Dysfunction by Onwuka, Osah Martins; Adigwe, Chukwukadibie; Adheke, Oghenefego Michael; Elem, Chamberlin Jamike; Hart, Josiah Soipiriala (2025) - The degree of platelet aggregation is expressed as percentage of light transmission (%LT). Group 2: Collagen-induced group showed a significant increase in platelet aggregation compared to the Group1: Control group (p < 0.05). Keywords: aggregation; c group; collagen; control group; group; platelet; time; treatment; vitamin; vitamin c
• The Effectiveness of Fragrant Pandan Leaves Ethanol Extract in Reducing Cholesterol Levels In High-Fat Diet-Induced Rats by Sukanty, Ni Made Wiasty; Ariani, Farida; Yunita, Lina (2024) - Foods rich in saturated fatty acids from HFD containing duck egg yolk and animal fat can raise blood cholesterol levels, especially LDL. Tannin, another antioxidant in FPLEE, has a mechanism for decreasing blood cholesterol levels. Keywords: blood; cholesterol; cholesterol levels; day; extract; fplee; group; leaves; levels; pandan; rats
• The Effect of Pilocarpine Hydrochloride on The Occurrence of Temporal Lobe Epileptic Seizures in White Mice (Mus musculus L.) BALB/C Strain by Audria, Intan Safira; Harkitasari, Saktivi; Diah Witari, Ni Putu; Ningrum, Rima Kusuma; Putra Parwati, Tjok Istri; Sumadewi, Komang Trisna; Wiranatha, I Gede; Pratiwi, Cokorda Agung (2025) - There was no profile of temporal lobe epileptic seizures even the status epilepticus condition and then death in white mice based on Modified Racine Scale (MRS) measurements. These findings align with the histopathological observations obtained in numerous previous animal model studies of temporal lobe epileptic seizures (Kurnia Mirawati et al., 2016; Mátyás et al., 2021). Keywords: epileptic; group; hydrochloride; kgbw; lobe; mice; pilocarpine; seizures; study
• The Improvement of Heart Histopathology of Hypercholesterolemic Mice using Sidempuan Salacca (Salacca sumatrana) Vinegar by Atifah, Yusni; Az zahra, Firda; Helendra, Helendra; Lubis, Jalilah Azizah; Afrilliana, Friska (2025) - Based on the results of further DMRT tests, it showed that on the 14th day after being treated with salacca vinegar, blood cholesterol levels between the treatment groups (P1, P2, and P3) were significantly different (α=0,05) compared to mice suffering from hypercholesterolemia without treatment with sidempuan salacca vinegar (K+) and mice that did not suffer from hypercholesterolemia without treatment with sidempuan salacca vinegar (K-). The decrease in cholesterol levels in mice after giving sidempuan salacca vinegar was due to salacca vinegar contains ingredients that can inhibit the increase in cholesterol levels in the blood. Keywords: cholesterol; degeneration; group; heart; hypercholesterolemia; mice; salacca; sidempuan; treatment; vinegar
• Potential of Red Seaweed Juice in Reducing Blood Pressure and Lead Levels in Urine in Workers at Public Fuel Filling Stations by Kusumawati, Evi; Imanuddin, Imanuddin; Rofiqoh, Rofiqoh; Nadimin, Nadimin (2025) - The decrease in systolic blood pressure in the three treatment groups, where the blood pressure levels of the P2 treatment group experienced the greatest decrease at the end of treatment compared to the blood pressure levels of the P1 treatment group and the P0 control group, the decrease in blood pressure levels between the P1 treatment group was almost the same as the P0 control group., at the end of treatment. The decrease in systolic blood pressure in the three treatment groups, where the blood pressure levels of the P2 treatment group experienced the greatest decrease at the end of treatment compared to the blood pressure levels of the P1 treatment group and the P0 control group, the decrease in blood pressure levels between the P1 treatment group was almost the same as the P0 control group. Keywords: blood; blood pressure; decrease; gas; group; juice; lead; levels; pressure; research; seaweed; treatment; urine
• Protective Role of Paederia foetida L. Against Hepatic Inflammatory Response in a Mice Model of Escherichia coli-Induced Sepsis by Savitri, Lisa; Freitas, Maria Do Carmo Da Costa; Prasetyawan, Fendy; Saristiana, Yuneka; Mebung, Konradus Klala; Amanda, Cornelia (2025) - A total of 24 mice were divided into six groups: a normal group (no treatment), a negative control group (distilled water), a positive control group (ciprofloxacin), and three treatment groups receiving P. foetida leaf extract at doses of 100, 300, and 500 mg/kg BW. These findings suggest that P. foetida leaf extract, especially at higher doses, has potential as an anti-inflammatory agent in sepsis management. Keywords: expression; foetida; group; il-6; inflammatory; mice; sepsis; study
• Immunomodulatory Activity of Chinese Betel (Peperomia pellucida L.) Extract on the Spleen Histopathology in a Murine Model of Gastroenteritis by Savitri, Lisa; Prasetyawan, Fendy; Saristiana, Yuneka; Meri, Meri; Mebung, Konradus Klala; Amanda, Cornelia (2025) - Isolation and characterization compounds from hexane and ethyl acetate fractions of Peperomia pellucida L. Journal of Tropical Life Science, 5(3): 117-122. Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry ISSN 2089-6514 (paper) Volume 14, Number 1, April 2025 | Pages: 447-452 | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.141.447-452 ISSN 2540-9328 (online) Immunomodulatory Activity of Chinese Betel (Peperomia pellucida L.) Extract on the Spleen Histopathology in a Murine Model of Gastroenteritis Lisa Savitri1,3,4,*, Fendy Prasetyawan2, Yuneka Saristiana2, Meri Meri5, Konradus Klala Mebung1, Cornelia Amanda1 1Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kadiri University, Jalan Selomangleng No. 1, Kediri, East Java, Indonesia 2Department of Pharmacist Professional Education, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kadiri University, Jalan Selomangleng No. 1, Kediri, East Java, Indonesia 3Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia 4Bioinformatics Research Center, Indonesian Institute of Bioinformatics, Malang, Indonesia 5Health Analyst Program, Faculty of Health Sciences,Universitas Tunas Bakti Husada,Indonesia. Keywords: coli; control; extract; gastroenteritis; group; pellucida; spleen
• Nigella Sativa Oil Protects Against Aluminium Chloride-Induced Cognitive Impairment Via Modulation of Cholinergic Activity, Brain Neurotransmitter, and Oxidative Stress by Ojetunde, Ayodeji Oluwatobi; Alhassan, Abdulwahab; Suleiman, Ibrahim; Isa, Ahmed Sherif (2025) - This study investigated the potential protective effects of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) on aluminium chloride (AlCl₃)-induced cognitive impairment in Wistar rats. Meanwhile, Nigella sativa oil (1 ml/kg and 2 ml/kg) significantly (p < 0.05) improved learning ability and spatial memory, and increased percentage alternation in the Y-maze test. Keywords: alcl3; brain; cognitive; group; memory; nigella; nigella sativa; oil; rats; sativa; sativa oil
• The Effect of Torch Ginger (Etlingera elatior) Flower Extract on Creatinine Levels and Kidney Histophatology in Alloxan-Induced White Rats (Rattus norvegicus) by Hura, Nofri Megariang; Sinaga, Erlintan (2025) - flower extract on creatinine levels and kidney histopathology in alloxan-induced white rats (Rattus norvegicus). The 400 mg/kgBW dose was the most effective in lowering creatinine levels and repairing kidney tissue damage. Keywords: alloxan; creatinine; damage; elatior; etlingera; extract; group; kgbw; kidney; levels; necrosis; rats
• Toddler Massage as a Supplementary Intervention in Overcoming Stunting in Children: Research from Stunting Locus Area in Gorontalo City by Zakaria, Fatmah; Mulyaningsih, Sri; Katili, Dwi Nur Octaviani; Ali, Rizky Nikmathulhusna; Isa, Mohamad Rodi; Herbawati, Herbawati (2025) - This study aimed to examine the effect of toddler massage on weight gain among stunted children. The findings indicate that toddler massage may contribute to weight improvement in stunted children and could be considered a supportive non-pharmacological intervention in stunting management programs. Keywords: control; group; health; intervention; massage; research; stunting; weight
• Effect of Ciprofloxacin Administration on Gastric Histopathological Changes in Mice by Savitri, Lisa; Ihsan, Kharisul; Krissanjaya, Rochmad; Kasimo, Elfred Rinaldo; Yanti, Novirma; Hilmi, Mochamad Hanif (2025) - Any alteration to gastric mucosal integrity may therefore have far-reaching implications for overall gastrointestinal health. These findings suggest that repeated administration of ciprofloxacin may compromise gastric mucosal integrity (Ge et al., 2020). Keywords: administration; ciprofloxacin; dose; group; mice; mucosal
• Therapeutic Effect of Topical Ointment Ethanol Extract From Patiwala Leaves (Lantana camara) on Histological Profile of Incision Wounds in Diabetic Rat Models by Orno, Theosobia Grace; Rosanty, Anita; Atmaja, Ratih Feraritra Danu; Hasan, Zulfikar Ali; Yuniarty, Tuty; Putra, Ahmat Rediansya (2025) - Herbal plant extracts intended to help accelerate diabetic wound healing must be able to inhibit pathogenic bacteria that trigger infection and inflammation in diabetic wounds in vitro (Ramachandran et al., 2023; Norman et al., 2021). Diabetic wounds contain high blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia) which is known to be an energy source for pathogenic bacteria, making diabetic wounds very susceptible to infection and inflammation (Raja et al., 2023; Wang et al., 2025). Keywords: camara; cells; ethanol; extract; group; healing; lantana; number; ointment; patiwala; rats; tissue; wound

• The Effect of Cassava Peel Starch Addition to Bioplastic Biodegradation Based On Chitosan On Soil and River Water Media by Syuhada, Mahfud; Sofa, Sintia Ainus; Sedyadi, Endaruji (2020) - Through statistical calculations it can also be seen that the addition of cassava peel starch variation has strong relationship to Young bioplastic modulus produced with a negative value meaning that the addition of cassava peel starch tends to decrease Young’s modulus value. Table 1 showed that there was a decrease in water resistance along with the addition of cassava peel starch variations. Keywords: addition; biodegradation; bioplastics; cassava; cassava peel; chitosan; mass; media; peel; peel starch; starch; water
• Development and Evaluation of a Stable Topical Cream Formulated with Annona squamosa Seed Extract as a Natural Pediculosis Agent by Khairi, Nur; Muslimin, Lukman; Mubarak, Fhahri; Indrisari, Maulita; Fajriansyah, Fajriansyah (2025) - Keywords: Annona squamosa; Pediculosis capitis; topical cream formulation; head lice control. Additionally, combining natural active ingredients in cream formulations can improve efficacy while reducing irritation (Papa et al., 2023). Keywords: annona; concentration; cream; cream formulation; et al; extract; formulation; lice; oil; seed; semisolid; squamosa; storage; water
• Microbial Qualities of Nkwuaku and Ogbaru Streams Located in Awgu Local Government Area in Enugu State, Nigeria by Appeh, Osita Gabriel; Egwuatu, Tochukwu Frank; Ogbunta, Chiamaka Maryann (2020) - 1 8.33% 12 100% Table 8 shows the percentage occurrence of fungi isolates from stream water samples. An additional indicator, Clostridium perfringes can be used for monitoring stream water quality (Egberongbe et al., 2010). Keywords: agar; aspergillus; colonies; nkwuaku; ogbaru; sample; spp; stream; total; water
• The Effect of Balimo (Zanthoxylum nitidum) Immersion Water On The Hematological Profile of White Rats (Rattus norvegicus) That Given Liquor (Ciu) by Wijaya, Panca Buana; Saraswati, Tyas Rini; Tana, Silvana; Sunarno, Sunarno; Prihastanti, Erma (2021) - The hematocrit value of group A2 increased due to the effect of Balimo immersion water treatment for 2 weeks which functions as an antioxidant against the toxic effects of Ciu for the previous 2 weeks, this resulted in a return to the condition of the hematological status and was able to increase the erythrocytes count and hemoglobin levels. The average number of erythrocytes when compared with the A0 treatment group, the erythrocytes count in group A1 decreased due to the toxicity effect of the alcohol content in Ciu drinks, resulting in damage to erythrocyte blood cells and suppression of erythrocyte formation (erythropoiesis) which occurs due to ethanol compounds scattered in the blood vessels and spinal cord. Keywords: a3 a3; balimo; blood; ciu; count; effect; erythrocytes; hematocrit; hemoglobin; immersion; leukocytes; total; treatment; value; water
• Identification Of Migratory Birds And Their Spesific Characteristics Of Habitat In The Salt Water Lake Of Gili Meno, North Lombok Distric by Purwitasari, Diah; Astiti, Luh Gde Sri; Supriadi, Supriadi (2014) - Small islands in Indonesia provide habitats for a variety of migratory bird species to stopover. Therefore, this research was conducted to identify the diversity of migratory bird species in the ecosystem of salt water lake of Gili Meno and recognize the habitat characteristics that could support the wild birds’ lives in the ecosystem. Keywords: birds; ecosystem; fish; gili; habitat; lake; mangrove; meno; migratory; research; salt; species; water
• The Bioprospecting of Mangrove Red Snapper Cultivation (Lutjanus argentimaculatus ForsskÃ¥l, 1775) Using Floating Cages by Asiandu, Angga Puja; Malayudha, Achmad Gusti (2022) - Lack of dissolved oxygen can reduce the consumption of fish feed, this results in the inhibition of the growth of the fish (Riadhi et al., 2017). Parasitic infection also causes a decrease in the consumption of fish feed. Keywords: argentimaculatus; cages; content; cultivation; feed; fish; growth; indonesia; mangrove; protein; rate; red; snapper; water
• Starch-Glycerol Based Edible Film and Effect of Rosella (Hibiscus Sabdariffa Linn) Extract and Surimi Dumbo Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Addition on Its Mechanical Properties by Sedyadi, Endaruji; Aini, Syafiana Khusna; Anggraini, Dewi; Ekawati, Dian Prihatiningtias (2016) - The tensile strength test with a variety of surimi edible film is presented in Figure 2 which shows that the tensile strength ranging between 0.83 to 1.09 N. The best tensile strength value is 1.09 N with surimi concentration as much as 3 g. Edible films with surimi addition showed a trend of increasing tensile strength values, though not very significant. Addition of surimi edible film shown in wave numbers 2924.09 cm-1. Keywords: absorption; addition; cm-1; dan; elongation; extract; figure; film; protein; rosella; surimi; thickness; value; water
• Identification of Medicinal Plants and Their Utilization by Community in Kendal Village, Kendal Sub-district by Hanum, Aghnia Rahmi; Wijayanti, Erna (2023) - Keywords: medicinal plants; traditional medicine; utilization. INTRODUCTION The Indonesian archipelago is renowned for its rich biodiversity and diverse agricultural output, which includes medicinal plants. Keywords: kendal; leaves; medicine; plants; use; water
• Standardization of Golden Sea Cucumber (Stichopus hermanii) Extracts from Pelapis Island, Kayong Regency, West Kalimantan by Rusmini, Rusmini; Taurina, Wintari; Andrie, Mohamad (2023) - The purpose of this research was to determine the test results of the standardization parameters of Stichopus hermanii extract from Pelapis Island, West Kalimantan as raw material for wound healing herbal medicinal preparations. Organoleptic Test of Stichopus hermanii extract. Keywords: ash; ash content; content; cucumber; dan; et al; extract; hermanii; hermanii extract; protein; sea; stichopus; stichopus hermanii; water
• Potency of Biocoagulant from Cationic Modified Starch of Balbis Banana Blossom Waste for Palm Oil Wastewater Treatment: Literature Study by Fadhallah, Esa Ghanim; Hidayat, Alif Fikri Nur; Saffanah, Arfika Julya; Iswahyudi, Bella Amanda; Wasalamah, Diah Shihatin; Putri, Eka Cahyani; Ningtias, Nadila; Ummi, Yana Hijriyatin (2024) - Next, the synthesis of cationic starch involves mixing banana blossom starch, HMMAHC, and water. By modifying cationic starch, natural polymers found in banana blossom waste may be utilized for producing natural biocoagulant that are more effective. Keywords: banana; biocoagulant; blossom; coagulants; liquid; oil; palm; starch; treatment; waste; water
• Quality Analysis and Anti-termite Activity of Essential Oils from the Leaves, Stems, and Roots of Litsea firma (Blume) Hook F by Gerina, Febrilia; Muharini, Rini; Lestari, Ira; Masriani, Masriani; Enawaty, Eny (2024) - Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of terpenes in L. firma essential oil. Thus, L. firma essential oils, particularly from leaves, had promising potential for natural termite control. Keywords: blume; firma; l. firma; leaves; litsea; oil; oils; plant; quality; roots; stems; termite; water; yield
• The Effect of Tapioca Flour and Bogor Taro Flour (Colocasia esculenta L. Schott) Formulations on the Chemical, Physical, and Sensory Characteristics of Catfish Sausage (Pangasius hypophtalmus) by Amelia, Leona; Astuti, Sussi; Fadhallah, Esa Ghanim; Koesoemawardani, Dyah (2024) - The dietary fibre content of Bogor taro flour sausages is 9.66%, which is greater than tapioca flour sausages at 5.01%. The results showed that the formulation of tapioca flour and Bogor taro flour had a very significant on water content, ash content, hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, appearance, and overall acceptance but no effect on the taste and aroma of catfish sausage. Keywords: ash; bogor; bogor taro; catfish; catfish sausages; content; dan; flour; product; sausages; score; tapioca flour; taro flour; tepung; treatments; water
• Shrimp Digestive Bacteria Performance for Shrimp Waste Chitin Extraction by Nainggolan, Kristina Novalina; Putra, Yudha Perdana; Fitriyani, Evi (2024) - The research aims to determine the effectiveness and optimum conditions for enzymatic chitin extraction of shrimp waste (heads, shells, and tails) using lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and proteolytic bacteria from the shrimp's digestive tract (faeces and intestines). The deproteinization value of shrimp waste reached 31%, especially for treatment with a pH of 5.0–7.0 (during proteolytic bacteria fermentation) and pre-treatment of boiling, drying and coarse grinding of shrimp waste (PP2) before extraction. Keywords: bacteria; chitin; colonies; content; digestive; et al; extraction; fermentation; lab; pp1; protein; shrimp; shrimp waste; waste; water
• Quantitative Analysis, Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Effects of Ethanol Leaf Extract and Fractions of Microsorium scolopendria (Burm. f.) Copel. in Mice by Umoh, Uwemedimo Francis; Ubengama, Ekikere Ezekiel; Ramos, Gina; Onyido, Victor Chubueze (2024) - Anti-inflammatory study The effect of ethanol leaf extract of M. scolopendria on egg albumin-induced oedema in mice is presented in Table 1 while the effect of the partitioned fractions is in Table 2. Quantitative phytochemical analysis of ethanol extract of M. scolopendria. Keywords: effect; et al; ethanol; extract; fractions; mice; oedema; scolopendria; water
• Effect of Prolonged Dehumidification on the Chemical Properties of Crassiacarpa and Mangium Honey by Fadhallah, Esa Ghanim; Nawansih, Otik; Nurainy, Fibra; Mubarik, Depri (2025) - The moisture content of Crassiacarpa honey (P1) ranges from 18.5–23%, while Mangium honey (P2) ranges from 17.3–20.6%. This is likely because the initial moisture content of Crassiacarpa honey before dehumidification was higher (23%) than Mangium honey (20%). Keywords: acidity; content; crassiacarpa; dehumidification; honey; hours; mangium; moisture; quality; total; water
• Evaluation of Antimicrobial Potential using Disc Diffusion Assay of Seagrape Macroalgae Extract (Caulerpa sp.) in the waters of Pasaran Island, Lampung as an Anti-Inflammatory Agent by Nurjanah, Annisa; Kurniawan, Eri Surya; Giani, Giani; Prasetyo, Deni; Pramesti, Gustiviana Shandy; Rahmando, Revo Aulia; Syafitri, An; Umam, Fais Safiqul; Putri, Wanda Andella; Amiin, Muhammad Kholiqul (2025) - Fresh Caulerpa sp. sample, B: Powdered Caulerpa sp. sample, C: Caulerpa sp. sample extract results rotary evaporator method, D: Caulerpa sp. sample extract results water bath method. The results showed that Caulerpa sp. extract had antimicrobial activity at a concentration of 10,000 ppm, which was resistant to Staphylococcus aureus. Keywords: bath; caulerpa; caulerpa sp; concentration; extract; inhibition; observation; results; staphylococcus; water; zone
• Presence of Salmonella sp. In Tilapia and Catfish from Cages in Pahandut Seberang Along the Kahayan River Flow by Kurniawan, Mutiara; Praja, Rian Ka; Widiarti, Astri; Hanasia, Hanasia; Toemon, Angeline Novia (2025) - The results of Gram staining were used to identify the characteristics of Salmonella sp. bacteria, while biochemical testing was performed to determine the specific type of Salmonella bacteria found. The objective of this study is to identify Salmonella sp. bacteria in 14 samples of river water, catfish (Clariidae), and tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) raised in rivers. Keywords: agar; bacteria; catfish; fish; results; river; salmonella; salmonella sp; samples; tilapia; water
• Utilization of Eco-Friendly Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Wastewater Treatment by Barau, Saminu Hamman; Abaka, AbdulAzeez Mumsiri; Saidu, Suleiman Alhaji; Bakari, Jameelah (2025) - FT-IR analysis identified functional groups like alcohol O-H and conjugated alkene C=C, confirming the role of plant metabolites in nanoparticle synthesis and stabilization. The study highlights the advantages of Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles, including simplicity, rapid production, environmental safety, and a high surface area for effective pollutant adsorption. Keywords: adsorption; cm-1; metal; nanoparticles; wastewater; water
• The Acoustic Material Constructed by the Fiber of Eichhornia crassipes and Banana Peel as a Sound Pollutant-reducing Solution by Asyurra, Regita Dimar; Amatullah, Avivah Afra; Putri, Annisa Zaskia; Putri Zevly, Mayshilla Anatayya; Asiandu, Angga Puja; Sari, Widya (2025) - Variations in absorption values were attributed to destructive interference and saturation. Destructive interference and saturation are some of the causes of instability in absorption values. Keywords: absorption; banana; coefficient; hyacinth; material; sound; value; water
• Macroscopic, Microscopic, and Phytochemical Screening Analysis of Medicinal Plants in Nagari Lasi, West Sumatra by Afriani, Tika; Rosi, Devahimer Harsep; Mailinda, Winda (2025) - 106 Israeli Grass Leaf Israeli grass has pointed leaf tips, flat leaf edges, tapered leaf bases, pinnate leaf bones, rough leaf surfaces and this grass is single leaf. 91 Crown Leaf Mahkota dewa has single leaf type leaves, with a lanceolate shape, pinnate leaf bones and smooth leaf surfaces and flat leaf edges. Keywords: 10x; 40x magnification; bases; epidermis; leaf; leaf base; leaf bones; leaf edges; leaf leaves; leaf margins; leaf shape; leaf surface; leaf tips; leaf type; leaves; magnification; oval; pinnate; pinnate leaf; plants; stomata; type; type stomata; water
• Degradation Study of Biodegradable Plastic Using Nata De Coco as A Filler by Elfiana, Tiara Nur; Fitria, Anisa Nur Izza; Sedyadi, Endaruji; Prabawati, Susy Yunita; Nugraha, Irwan (2018) - The thickness is about 0.1005 mm, the tensile strength of biodegradable plastic is 4,3244 MPa and the elongation value range about 13.9639% while the WVTR range about 14.20 g/m² hours. These results indicate that nata de coco could be added in biodegradable plastic on packaging materials for better degradation. Keywords: biodegradable; canna; cellulose; coco; nata; plastic; starch; strength; tensile; water
• Assessment of Escherichia coli Contamination in Drinking Water from Refill Depots by Savitri, Lisa; Kholis, Muhammad Akbar Nur; Prasetyawan, Fendy; Saristiana, Yuneka; Amanda, Cornelia; Mebung, Konradus Klala (2025) - According to a study by Zikra et al. (2018), the daily water sources used by Indonesians include dug wells (24.7%), piped water (14.2%), boreholes (14.0%), and refill drinking water depots (13.8%). The study population comprised all refill drinking water depots (DAMIU) in Kediri City, while the samples were selected based on inclusion criteria such as being operational, willing to participate, and considered to have poor hygiene. Keywords: coli; depots; drinking; health; refill; samples; water
• Application of Alginate-Based Edible Coating with Beeswax Addition on Minimally Processed Pears (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.) by Luthfiyyah, Maftukh Zaina; Fadhallah, Esa Ghanim; Herdiana, Novita; Nurainy, Fibra (2025) - Thus, limiting oxygen availability through beeswax coatings inhibits PPO activity and delays browning (Jannah, 2024). According to Widyaka et al. (2019), the moisture content of fresh pears is approximately 84%. Keywords: alginate; beeswax; coating; content; cut; day; doi; edible; firmness; fruit; loss; moisture; pears; storage; treatment; vitamin; water; weight
• Phytoplankton Diversity as a Water Quality Bioindicator of Mangrove Ecosystems in the Mangrove Rehabilitation and Mangrove Ecotourism Area of Merdeka Beach Serdang Bedagai by Aulia, Putri; Hutasuhut, Melfa Aisyah (2025) - By correlating phytoplankton indices with water quality parameters, this study seeks to evaluate the ecological status of the site and inform future conservation and management strategies (Reynolds, 2006; Gell et al., 1999). These findings demonstrate that TDI is a sensitive and reliable indicator for assessing the trophic status of mangrove waters, especially in contexts where ecological pressures vary due to different land-use histories and human interactions. Keywords: abundance; diversity; ecotourism; et al; index; mangrove; phytoplankton; pollution; ptv; quality; rehabilitation; station; values; water
• DFT Study and ADMET Investigation of Bioactive 2-Phenoxyquinolines by Aina, Oluwafemi S.; Rofiu, Mujeeb O.; Adams, Luqman A.; Familoni, Oluwole B. (2025) - Interestingly, all the 2- phenoxyquinoline-3-carbaldehydes comply with the Lipinski rule of 5 (Table 3), testifying to their oral bioavailabilities as potential drug molecules. Interest in the use of these bioactive organic molecules possessing high degree of delocalization has increased in the recent time due to presence of weak van der Waal’s and hydrogen bonds resulting to better enzyme-compound interactions (Kumar et al., 2017). Keywords: chemical; chemistry; compounds; drug; electron; energy; et al; figure; journal; phenoxyquinolines; potential; properties; reactivity; water
• Application of Edible Coating Water Soluble Based Chitosan Nanoparticles and Polyvinyl Alcohol in Strawberry (Fragaria Ananassa) Storage by Billa, Likia Salsa; Rachmawati, Yunita; Kusumaninghayu, Titis; Nugroho, Pandu Lintang; Pusparani, Angela Merici; Fadhallah, Esa Ghanim; Winanti, Diki Danar Tri; Hartono, Madi (2025) - This mixture was homogenized again using a hot magnetic stirrer for two hours, yielding a total volume of 110 mL of edible coating solution. Keywords: edible coating; nanoparticles; PVA; water soluble chitosan; strawberry. Keywords: chitosan; coating; content; edible; loss; pva; red; solution; storage; strawberries; vitamin; water; weight
• Anatomical and Histological Study of Shark (Carcharhinus sorrah) Kidney by Supriyati, Hikmah; Rakhmiyati, Rakhmiyati; Luthfi, Muhammad Ja’far (2019) - Research results show that shark kidneys consist of three parts, namely the head kidney, the body kidney, and the tail kidney. Histological observations of shark kidney in the head kidney reveals many glomerulus, body kidney reveals many distal and tubule proximal contractile tubules whereas tail kidney reveals stroma that is rarely found in vertebrate kidney. Keywords: body; fish; histology; kidney; process; shark; tubules; urea; water
• Eco-Friendly Biochar-Chitosan Coating for Controlled Nitrogen-Fe Release from Slow-Release Fertilizers by Karbeka, Martasiana (2025) - This structure yields dense and strong bead matrices with enhanced hydrophobic characteristics which explains their lower water absorption. Beads were soaked for 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours. Keywords: absorption; beads; biochar; chitosan; groups; nitrogen; release; swelling; urea; water

• Non-Alkaloidal Compounds from Khat (Catha edulis) Leaves by Kiros, Tsegu (2020) - Wabe et al., 2012; Baxter et al., 1979), Cathedulin K1 (Szendrei, 2004; Dhaifalah et al., 2004; Brossi, 1990; Wabe et al., 2012; Baxter et al., 1979), Cathedulin K2 (Szendrei, 2004; Dhaifalah et al., 2004; Brossi, 1990; Wabe et al., 2012; Baxter et al., 1979), Cathedulin K6 (Szendrei, 2004; Dhaifalah et al., 2004; Brossi, 1990; Wabe et al., 2012; Baxter et al., 1979), Cathedulin K12 (Szendrei, 2004; Dhaifalah et al., 2004; Brossi, 1990; Wabe et al., 2012; Baxter et al., 1979), Cathedulin K15 (Szendrei, 2004; Dhaifalah et al., 2004; Brossi, 1990; Wabe et al., 2012; Baxter et al., 1979), Alanine (Feyissa et al., 2008; Halbach, 1972), ±̭Aminobutyric acid (Feyissa et al., 2008; Halbach, 1972), Arginine (Feyissa et al., 2008; Halbach, 1972), Asparaginic acid , (Feyissa et al., 2008; Halbach, 1972), Choline (Feyissa et al., 2008; Halbach, 1972), Glutamic acid (Feyissa et al., 2008; Halbach, 1972), Glycine (Feyissa et al., 2008; Halbach, 1972), Histidine (Feyissa et al., 2008; Halbach, 1972), Isoleucine (Feyissa et al., 2008; Halbach, 1972), Leucine (Feyissa et al., 2008; Halbach, 1972), Ornithine (Feyissa et al., 2008; Halbach, 1972), Ascorbic acid (Feyissa et al., 2008; Halbach, 1972), Niacin (Feyissa et al., 2008; Halbach, 1972), Riboflavin (Feyissa et al., 2008; Halbach, 1972) and Thiamine (Feyissa et al., 2008; Halbach, 1972). Some of the representative compounds reported from Khat plant so far are: Dihydromyricetin (Szendrei, 2004; Al-Meshal et al., 1985; Ermias et al., 1984), Dihydromyricetin-3-O- rhamnoside (Szendrei, 2004; Al-Meshal et al., 1985; Ermias et al., 1984), Kaempferol (Szendrei, 2004; Al- Meshal et al., 1985; Ermias et al., 1984), Myricetin (Szendrei, 2004; Al-Meshal et al., 1985; Ermias et al., 1984; Bredholt, 2010), Myricetin-3-O-²̭D-galactoside (Szendrei, 2004; Al- Meshal et al., 1985; Ermias et al., 1984), Myricetin-3-O- https://doi.org/10.14421/biomedich.2020.92.81-89 82 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry 9 (2), 2020: 81-89 rhamnoside (Szendrei, 2004; Al-Meshal et al., 1985; Ermias et al., 1984), Quercetin (Szendrei, 2004; Al- Meshal et al., 1985; Bredholt, 2010), Quercetin-3-O-²̭D- galactoside (Szendrei, 2004; Al-Meshal et al., 1985; Ermias et al., 1984), Celastrol (Bredholt, 2010; Brossi, 1990); Baxter et al., 1979), Iguesterin (Brossi, 1990; Baxter et al., 1979), Pristimerin (Bredholt, 2010; Brossi, 1990; Keywords: c-2; compounds; et al; feyissa; h-2; khat; kna-1; leaves
• Phytochemical Constituents of F. Sagittifolia Warburg ex Mildbraed & Burret Leaves with Antimicrobial Activity by Taiwo, Olayombo Margaret; Olaoluwa, Olaoluwa Omosalewa; Aiyelaagbe, Olapeju Oluyemisi; Matasyoh, Josphat Clement (2022) - From the leaves of F. sagittifolia, a steroidal glycoside named Stigmast-5,22-diene-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside 1 and three isoflavonoids named 5-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-methoxy-4H-chromen-4-one 2, 5-hydroxy-3(4-hydroxylphenyl)-8,8- dimethylpyrano[2,3-f]-chromen-4(8H)-one 3 and 5-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphemyl)-8,8-dimethylpyrano[3,2-g}-chromen-4(8H)-one 4 were isolated, and this is the first report of the isolation of these compounds from this plant. Compounds 1 and 2 inhibited the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Aspergillus Niger at 0.0625 mg/mL, respectively while compounds 2 and 4 were active against Helicobacter pylori at 0.0625 mg/mL. These findings corroborate the ethno-medicinal use of F. sagittifolia leaves as a treatment for stomach disorders. Keywords: compounds; nmr; sagittifolia
• Ecopharmacognosy: Exploring The Chemical And Biological Potential Of Nature For Human Health by Cordell, Geoffrey A. (2014) - Of perhaps thirty different aspects which could be discussed regarding the future for natural products in drug discovery, six will be briefly presented: i) access to the biome, ii) acquisition and analysis of traditional knowledge and on-going research, iii) biotechnology development for secondary metabolites, iv) dereplication studies, v) strategies in natural product drug discovery, and vi) multitarget therapy and synergy research. Some selected aspects of the CBD that relate to natural product drug discovery will be mentioned briefly. Keywords: access; agents; care; chemical; compounds; cordell; countries; development; discovery; drug; drug discovery; extracts; future; g.a; health; health care; medicine; natural; plant; products; programs; research; resources; world
• Detection of the Atherosclerotic PCSK9 gene Inhibitors Through in silico Method to Improve Targeted Therapy by Sethuramalingam, Sabarinathan; Ravi, Revathy Leena; Rajiah, Janet Rani (2022) - Molecular docking was performed to study the interaction of PCSK9 target proteins with computer-identified new drugs. PCSK9 inhibitors in the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Keywords: arg; atherosclerosis; binding; compounds; drug; et al; inhibitors; journal; ldlr; molecules; pcsk9; pharmacophore; protein; table
• Identification of Primary and Secondary Metabolites of Apis cerana Honey using FTIR-ATR Diamond Spectroscopy and Their Botanical Origin by Lestari, Tiffany Hanik; Susandarini, Ratna (2023) - Wave number (cm-1) Vibrations 1000-1200 C–O and C–C stretching vibrations 1200-1350 N–H deformation and C–N stretching vibrations from amide III 1370-1420 C–H deformation vibrations of lipids and cellulose 1540 N–H deformation and C–N stretching vibrations from amide II 1650 C=O stretching vibrations from amide I 1740 C=O stretching vibrations from lipids 2850-3000 C–H stretching vibrations from cellulose and lipids 3250 O–H stretching vibrations from water 3300-3500 N–H stretching vibrations from protein RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Visual observations on honey samples and vegetation surrounding A. cerana nests Honey samples from nine districts in three provinces in Java Island were all classified as multifloral honey based on the composition of pollen types identified using melissopalynological analysis (Lestari, 2019). Variation on primary and secondary metabolites in honey samples was strongly affected by the botanical origin, geographical origin, and the local condition around beekeeping areas where the honeycombs were placed. Keywords: analysis; atr; band; cerana; cm-1; compounds; content; et al; ftir; honey; java; samples
• Alkaloids Lead to Potential Inhibition of the Acyl Carrier Protein Reductase to Attenuate Tuberculosis; an in-silico Analysis by Kamran, Pernia; Ibrahim, Ahsan (2023) - Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes tuberculosis infection, leading to granulomatous lesions in affected lung tissue. The findings from this study may be helpful in the development of the novel nanoformulations using natural products for pharmacotherapy of tuberculosis infection. Keywords: alkaloids; compounds; docking; figure; ile; infection; potential; protein; residues; study; tuberculosis
• The Therapeutic Potential of Cola nitida in Health and Disease: A Review by Sanusi, Kamaldeen Olalekan; Usman, Umar Zayyanu; Usman, Dawoud; Adeshina, Kehinde Ahmad; Uthman, Yaaqub Abiodun; Jimoh, Lukman; Imam-Fulani, Aminat Omolola (2024) - In this narrative review, we aim to provide an overview of the protective effects of Cola nitida in various health and disease states. Cola nitida has been traditionally used for its medicinal properties, and its bioactive compounds include caffeine, alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, and phenolics. Keywords: caffeine; cola nitida; compounds; effects; et al; health; journal; kola; potential; properties; research
• In Silico Analysis of Bioactive Compounds in The Faloak (Sterculia quadrifida R. Br) Stem Bark to Identify Antidiabetic Activity by Utami, Fajar Dwi; Achmad Daud, Rizqi Akbar Fandi; Nurmayati, Adi; Ratumakin, Monika Buka Kopon; Siung, Chris Nicholas; Stephanie, Adiva; Fadillah, Almufti; Mulatsari, Esti; Mumpuni, Esti; Prasetyo, Andri (2025) - The present study aims to analyse the potential of bioactive compounds in the faloak stem bark as inhibitors of the enzymes α-glucosidase, PPAR-γ, SGLT2, and DPP-IV. The preparation of bioactive compounds and their comparison was conducted utilising ChemDraw 2D & 3D, while proteins were obtained from the Protein Data Bank (PDB). Keywords: bark; bioactive; compounds; diabetes; docking; drug; faloak; moldock; protein; results; score; stem
• Predicting the Anti-Pulmonary Fibrosis Potential of Physalis angulata Compounds A Computational Study by Farid, Muhammad; Kirana, Assa Aulia; Oktaviana, Nandita Diah; Rasyda, Sofia; Anggraini, Dwi; Ramadhania, Widya Aryana (2025) - Pharmacia, 68(2), 501–509. https://doi.org/10.3897/PHARMACIA.68.E66044 Nogales, C., Mamdouh, Z. M., List, M., Kiel, C., Casas, A. I., & Schmidt, H. H. H. W. (2022). A fibroblast model confirmed that P. angulata ethanol extract inhibited cell migration and downregulated IL-6 and HIF-1α expression in TGF-β-induced 3T3-L1 cells, which supports the proposed anti-inflammatory and anti- fibrogenic mechanism of the docked ligands (Rohmawaty et al., 2021). Keywords: angulata; compounds; docking; et al; fibrosis; ligand; mol; physalis; potential
• In silico and Histochemical Analysis of Soursop Leaves (Annona muricata) Against Alpha Estrogen Receptor by Nuari, Afidah Fajar; Jayanti, Gatra Ervi; Ramadhan, Majida (2025) - This study aims to identify active compounds in soursop leaves that have the potential to inhibit breast cancer cell growth through in silico analysis using molecular docking of the ERα receptor using KNApSAck, PASS Online, PubChem, PDB ID, PyRx, and Discovery Studio software and Histochemical analysis was performed using fresh soursop leaves by making an incision on the lower part of the leaf and adding reagents AlCl, FeCl, Na2CO, CuSO4, glycerin, Wagner reagent, immersion oil, and ethanol, then observed microscopically. Based on the results of the prediction stage of the interaction of active compounds in Soursop leaves with the Alpha Estrogen Receptor analysis molecule (Table 3), it was found that the specific soursop leaf compound that had the highest binding affinity and the strongest bond was the Cis-Solamin compound of -9.3 kcal/mol, Cis-Solamin has an RMSD value below 3 Å so that the data can be said to be valid, Cis-Solamin has a Lower bond RMSD of 1.673 Å and an Upper bond RMSD of 2.590 Å. While the native ligand or control compound, namely OHT600, has a binding affinity value of -7.6 with a Lower bond RMSD of 0.681 Å and an Upper bond RMSD of 1.528 Å. Based on molecular docking, it was found that the Cis-Solamin compound has a higher binding affinity value than the OHT600 compound, 1066 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry 14 (2), 2025: 1055-1068 which was used as a control in this study. Keywords: alpha; analysis; bond; cancer; cis; compounds; docking; estrogen; interaction; leaves; ligand; protein; results; rmsd; silico; soursop; soursop leaves; structure

• Callus Induction of Leaves and Stems in Krisan (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat cv Dewi ratih) with Alternative Foliar Fertilizers Media by Naser, Ahmad Saifun; Wisnu, Muhammad (2021) - Callus was formed on leaf explants 13 days after planting while on stem explants 7 days after planting and compact texture. Growmore + 0,25 mg/l BAP treatment yields the best callus on leaf explant, while Gandasil D + 0,25 mg/l BAP treatment yields the best callus on stem explant. Keywords: bap; callus; dap; dpa; explants; green; leaf; leaves; stem; treatment
• Acute Toxicity LD50 Fraction Ethyl Acetate Aquilaria malaccensis, Ficus benjamina, Mikania micrantha, and Fraction Water Cinnamomum burmanii in Mus Musculus by Yulion, Rizky; Perawati, Santi; Hartesi, Barmi; Anggresani, Lia; Andriani, Lili; Indriani, Lesra; Syahila, Lara; Ramadani, Suci; Monika, Nadia (2022) - The ingredients used were mice (25 males and 25 females), gaharu leaf extract, beringin leaf extract, sembung rambat leaf extract, kayu manis cortex extract, 70% ethanol, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, distilled water, HgCl2, KI, I2, Subnittric bismuth, glacial acetic acid (CH3COOH), HCL, ammonia (NH3), chloroform (CHCl3), magnesium (Mg), water, iron (III) Chloride solution (FeCl3), Ether, Sulfuric acid (H2SO4), and acetic acid anhydride (C4H6O3). In male mice with Gaharu leaf samples, the results of this study showed that the value of LD50 ethyl acetate fraction of gaharu leaves obtained a result of 2,454 mg/kg body weight are included in the category of slightly toxic. Keywords: beringin; cortex; female; fraction; gaharu; kayu; ld50; leaf; leaves; male; manis; mice; organs; rambat; weight
• Ethnobotanical Survey of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants Used in Traditional Medicine and Agri-Food in The Fez-Meknes Region by El Finou, Hamza; Salhi, Nadia; Halmoune, Asma; El Rhaffari, Lhoussaine (2023) - Keywords: Agri-food; ethnobotany; medicinal plants; monograph; traditional medicine. According to the WHO (World Health Organization), nearly 6377 species of plants are used in Africa, of which more than 400 are medicinal plants that constitute 90% of traditional medicine. Keywords: cooked; digestive; diseases; herbaceae; lamiaceae; leaves; medicine; plants; region; study; survey; treatment; use
• In Vitro Anti-inflammatory Activity of Bamboo Tali Leaf (Gigantochloa apus) Ethanol Extract by Hidayah, Nurul; Hafshah, Mutista (2023) - The extract was then tested for anti-inflammatory activity in vitro with the Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) protein denaturation inhibition method. Through the approach of preventing protein denaturation, anti-inflammatory activity can be tested. Keywords: bamboo; bamboo tali; bsa; denaturation; ethanol; extract; inhibition; leaf; leaves; ppm; protein; tali; value
• Ethnobotanical Study of Medicinal Plants in South Sumatera, Indonesia by Asiandu, Angga Puja; Sari, Widya (2024) - Mentha arvensis Skin care (Tanzerina et al., 2017) Ocimum citrodorum Lowers blood pressure (Rizal et al., 2021) Ocimum Americanum Deodorant and halitosis (Tanzerina et al., 2017) Ocimum basilicum Deodorant (Tanzerina et al., 2017) The medicinal plants consist of 48 families, dominated by the Fabaceae, Piperaceae, Apocynaceae, and Euphorbiaceae families (Pujihastuti et al., 2020) Keywords: anti; blood; care; dahlianah et; et al; ethnomedicine; families; fever; hastiana; indonesia; leaves; malaria; margarethy et; medicines; people; plants; pujihastuti et; rizal et; saputri et; sarina et; south; sumatra; tanzerina et; tribe
• Anticancer Potential of Ethanolic Extract Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. Leaves against Human Colon Cancer WiDr Cell Line by Mutiyani, Novita; Nuriliani, Ardaning (2024) - The percentage of cell viability after 24 hours incubation showed that 0.5% DMSO control was not toxic to WiDr cancer cells with a viability of 100 ± 6.56%. These results indicate that EEJL is unable to exert cytotoxic effects on WiDr cancer cells within the 24 hours incubation period. Keywords: apoptosis; cancer; cells; ethanolic; extract; jackfruit; leaves; viability; widr
• The Effect of Use of Local Organic Microorganism Fertilizers on Rice Media, Banana Sticks, And Tongol Fish on The Growth of Arabika Coffee Plants (Coffea arabica L.) in The Gunung Karang Garden, Pandeglang District by Suyamto, Suyamto; Hujaji, M.; Susilo, Hadi; Oktavia, Swastika; Mu'jijah, Mu'jijah (2024) - This study aims to determine the effect of using local microorganism organic fertilizers made from rice, banana stems, and tuna on the growth of C. arabica plants. The measured parameters of C. arabica plants are height, number of leaves, and stem diameter. Keywords: arabica; banana; c. arabica; diameter; growth; height; leaves; m3h2; mol; number; plant; rice; soil; stem; tuna; weeks
• Physiological Response of 'Segreng' Rice Plant (Oryza sativa L.) to Biogas Sludge at Wukirsari Village, Cangkringan, Sleman by Siswanti, Dwi Umi; Asri, Nindy Senissia; Arlinda, Mifta; Rochman, Arianda Poetri Shofia; Syahidah, Akrima (2018) - Generally, the result showed that biogas sludge can increase the vegetative and generative growth of rice plant ‘Segreng’ on polybag scale and rice field scale. The abundance of inorganic materials in the soil reduced the regeneration ability of rice plants (Sudadi & Widada, 2001 in Redono, 2016). Keywords: b b; biogas; field; grains; growth; leaves; number; plant; rice; sludge
• Effectiveness of Botanical Pesticide from Keji Beling Leaves (Strobilanthes crispus) on Spinach Plants (Amaranthus tricolor L.) Against Pest Intensity by Wulandari, Desi; Listiana, Ika (2025) - This study aims to determine the effect of botanical pesticides made from keji beling leaves (Strobilanthes crispus) on the intensity of pest attacks on spinach plants (Amaranthus tricolor L.). Given its numerous benefits, both as a highly nutritious food and as a remedy for certain diseases, it is important to enhance the growth and production of spinach plants (Hidayanti and Kartika, 2019). Keywords: alkaloids; attack; beling; height; intensity; jurnal; keji; leaf; leaves; length; pest; pesticides; plant; results; root; spinach; treatment
• Liquid Biofertilizer Made from Fermented Egg Shells, Fish Scales, and Chicken Feathers as A Plant Growth Stimulator Alternative to Chemical Fertilizer by Ramadhan, Muhammad Nadhif Rasendriya; Arfarifki, Muhammad Farel; Khalisa, Fachira; Khalief, Raffi; Fadhil, Muhammad; Sari, Widya; Asiandu, Angga Puja (2025) - Figure 3. leaf length and width of mung bean (Vigna radiata) in the Fifth Week 312 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry 14 (1), 2025: 309-314 The treatments also significantly affected the leaf length and width of mung bean plants (V.*radiata) as shown in Figure 3 above. Pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman cabai merah (capsicum annum l.) bermikoriza dengan aplikasi biochar dan pupuk kimia. Keywords: bean; biofertilizer; dan; fertilizers; growth; leaf; leaves; mung; plants; pupuk
• Identification of Gamma-Aminobutyricacid (GABA) of Tempeh Made from Koro Kratok (Phaseolus lunatus) Bean and Beluntas (Plunchea indica) Leaves as Glucose Stabilizer by Istiqomah, Istiqomah; Rini, Dina Mustika; Tania, Larisa; Hidayati, Sholihatil; Usman, Mohammad Rofik (2025) - This study investigates the potential of koro kratok tempeh enriched with Plunchea indica (beluntas) leaves to improve its functionality. These results suggest that koro kratok tempeh enriched with P. indica leaves could be a promising functional food for regulating blood glucose. Keywords: addition; beluntas; beluntas leaves; content; fermentation; gaba; glucose; kk100; kkb50; koro; koro kratok; kratok; leaves; levels; protein; tempeh
• Anatomical Structure of Young Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Leaves for Callogenesis Initiation by Ilham, Muhammad; Ernayunita, Ernayunita (2025) - Dynamics of morphological and anatomical changes in leaf tissues of an interspecific hybrid of oil palm during acquisition and development of somatic embryogenesis. The study aimed to describe anatomical characteristics of young oil palm leaves, analyze the correlation between anatomical traits across different leaf positions, and examine anatomical changes during callogenesis. Keywords: correlation; epidermis; leaf; leaves; mesophyll; oil; oil palm; palm; plant; thickness; tissue
• Diversity of Anatomical Morphological Characters of Leaves of Mangrove Plant Types In Panimbang Banten by Nabilah, Amanda; Suyamto, Suyamto; Mu’jijah, Mu’jijah (2025) - The characteristics of mangrove leaves vary, especially in thickness, surface, tip shape, and base of the leaf. Various types of mangrove leaves can be found in various regions, including in Panimbang District. Keywords: alba; anatomical; avicennia; characteristics; cylindria; dan; district; epidermis; green; jurnal; leaf; leaves; mangrove; panimbang; rhizophora; species; stomata; types

• Toxicological Effects of Ethanolic Stem Bark Extract of Xylopia Aethiopica on Testicular Oxidative Stress Markers and Histology of Male Rats by Adikwu, Elias; Ehigiator, Ben (2020) - Abstract Impairment in testicular function can occur through perturbations in testicular oxidative stress markers and histology. This observation is a sign of testicular oxidative stress caused by ROS.The overwhelming activity of ROS in the testis might have surpassed the regulatory capacity of antioxidants leading to their depletion. Keywords: bark; control; days; eexa; extract; rats; stress; testicular; xylopia
• Effect of Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension on Osmotic Fragility and Hemorheological Factors in Male Wistar Rats by Okonofua, David Ehikhuemen; Asiwe, Jerome Ndudi; Anachuna, Kenneth Kelechi; Moke, Emuesiri Goodies; Sanusi, Kamaldeen Olalekan; Adagbada, Ebunoluwa Oluwabusola; Yusuf, Mariam Onono; Alawode, Damilola Ifeoluwa; Fasanmade, Adesoji Adedipe (2021) - Although vessel diameter has been primarily linked with blood flow rate, in pathological conditions, the contributions of perfusion pressure and viscosity becomes greatly enhanced. Increased blood viscosity and the onset of diabetic angiopathy have been related to abnormal hematocrit, plasma viscosity, fibrinogen concentration, erythrocyte deformability and rouleaux formation (Winberger and Baskurt, 2007). Keywords: blood; control; diabetes; erythrocyte; groups; increase; salt; viscosity
• Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Chromolaena odorata Collected Around Gemstone Mining Site in Ijero-Ekiti by Abiya, Efe Sylvanus; Ologundudu, Foluso Akinbode; wisdom, Ekpo (2021) - Cooke and Johnson (2002), Akcil and Koldas (2006) and Arogunjo (2007) observed that low pH in mine soils promoted solubility of heavy metals. A line transect of 20 cm was drawn and soil sample was collected, all samples were kept in a clean container and labeled accordingly before been transported to the laboratory for analysis. Keywords: control; factor; metal; mining; plant; site; soil
• Liver and Renal Cell Damage Following Excess Bee Honey Consumption in Male Wistar Rat by Agbatutu, Akpevwoghene; Asiwe, Jerome Ndudi; Adebayo, Olusegun Gafar (2022) - Meanwhile, the side effect of honey consumption has not been well studied and there are major concerns with respect to excessive intake of honey causing increase in blood sugar level. RESULTS Honey consumption (HC) maintains blood glucose level and reduced body weight gain in rats The effect of honey consumption on blood glucose level and body weight was presented in table 1-2. Keywords: 2ml/100; blood; body; consumption; control; effect; et al; honey; honey consumption; kidney; liver; mean; rats; study
• Combined Anthocleista vogelii and Alstonia boonei Stem Barks Extract Alleviates Hyperlipidaemia and Renal Malfunctions in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia-Induced Rats by Uroko, Robert Ikechukwu; Uche, Mercylyn Ezinne; Nweje-Anyalowu, Paul Chukwuemaka; Obiwuru, Ikenna; Aguwamba, Chinedu; Aaron, Chinomso Friday (2022) - The renal tubules also contain unaltered outer and inner medulla, as shown in Figure 7 A. Similarly, the sections of kidneys from BPH control rats (Fig. A - E. Histomorphology of kidney section from normal control rat, BPH control rat, Standard control, BPH rats treated with 200 mg/kg CAASBE, and BPH rat treated with 400 mg/kg CAASBE, respectively. Keywords: bph; bph control; bph rats; caasbe; cholesterol; concentrations; control; rats; serum; standard
• Spermicidal, Antifertility and Contraceptive Effect of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. Seed Extract in Female and Male Wistar Rats by Idu, MacDonald; Ogedegbe-George, Sharon; Oriarewo, Precious Eromosele; Gabriel, Benjamin Ogunma (2022) - IM 7 days IM 14 days IM 84 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry 12 (1), 2023: 79-88 in this research study could be a result of the active constituents in A. indica seed aqueous extract. Modifications in the circulating level of androgen may be distorted by A. indica seed aqueous extract leading to interference during spermatogenesis (Jensen, 2002). Keywords: azadirachta; contraceptive; control; days; extract; female; indica; neem; rats; seed; spermicidal; study; weight
• Antioxidative Stress and Hepatoprotective Activities of Leaf Extract and Fractions of Setaria megaphylla in Plasmodium berghei Infected Mice by William, Ndanti Bartholomew; Bassey, Augustine Lawrence; Udobang, John Akpan; Okokon, Jude Efiom (2022) - However, treatment of P. berghei infected mice with leaf extract and fractions of S. megaphylla caused non dose-dependent and significant (p<0.01-0.001) reductions in the activities of AST and ALT especially at higher doses (400 and 600 mg/kg) with methanol fraction followed by ethyl acetate fraction treated group having the most significant (p<0.001) reduction when compared to control though not comparable to that of chloroquine (Table 1). However, administration of S. megaphylla reduced and restored normal levels of total protein, albumin, direct and total protein and the activities of AST, ALT and ALP in the serum of infected treated mice. Keywords: activities; berghei; control; et al; extract; fractions; leaf; liver; malaria; megaphylla; mice; okokon; stress
• Phytochemical, Antioxidant Screening, Antinociceptive, and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Boswellia dalzielii Hutch (Burseraceae) Root Ethanol Extract Using Animal Model by Idu, MacDonald; Omoregbee, Anthonia; Gabriel, Benjamin Ogunma (2023) - Abstract This study investigated the biological activities and phytochemical screening of Boswellia dalzielii root ethanol extract. Standard procures were used to evaluate the phytochemicals and antioxidant capacity, antipyretic activity in baker’s yeast-induced pyrexia in mice, analgesic property (hotplate and acetic acid-induced in mice), acute anti–inflammation (carrageenan-induce in rats) and chronic arthritis (formalin– induced in rats) on Boswellia dalzielii root ethanol extract. Keywords: analgesic; boswellia; control; dalzielii; effect; ethanol; extract; root
• Ethnobotanical Survey on the Plants Used in the Control of Nematodes in the Zone of Niayes of Thies/Senegal by Diouf, El Hadji Gorgui; Diop, Doudou; Gueye, Abdoulaye; Ndior, Talibouya; Ndour, Mamadou Latyr; Faye, Adama; Kébé, Mamadou (2023) - Since the discovery of active ingredients of therapeutic interest from plant species selected according to criteria based on medical ethnobotany and ethnopharmacology is more frequent than in a simple random screening of plants (Svetaz L et al, 2010) and given that there are no or almost no nematological studies in the Niayes area of Thiès, we conducted an ethnobotanical survey among local farmers in this area in order to identify the plants used in the fight against nematodes as well as the methods of preparation of extracts from these plants. Keywords: Ethnobotanical survey; Senegalese Pharmacopoeia; Nematicidal plants; Market gardening; Niayes area; Niayes area of Thiès. Keywords: area; control; figure; juss; niayes; plant; species; study; survey
• Genotoxic and Cytotoxic Activities of Cornhusk Extract of Zea mays and Leaf Extract of Sacharum officinarum by Akpan, Emem Eyo; Anagboso, Martin Osita; Johnny, Imoh Imeh; Ebong, Nwakaego Omonigho; Okokon, Jude Efiom (2024) - In comparison, S. officinarum leaf extract had mitotic indices of 44.80%, 25.20% and 19.20%, respectively, for 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 mg/mL compared to the negative control (Table 2). Frequencies of MNC were found to be higher in the groups treated with 5.0 and 10.0 mg/mL of S. officinarum leaf extract. Keywords: cells; cepa; control; et al; extracts; husk; journal; leaf; mays; mays husk; officinarum; okokon; root; zea
• Subacute Toxicity Study of Leaf Extract of Saccharum officinarum by Edem, Utibe A; Okokon, Jude E (2025) - Effect of subacute administration of S. officinarum leaf extract on body weights of rats. Effect of subacute administration of Saccharum officinarum leaf extract on hematological parameters of rats. Keywords: administration; control; dose; effect; extract; leaf extract; liver; officinarum; rats; saccharum; subacute; treatment
• The Potential of Spirulina platensis Biostimulan as a Seed Priming Agent to Enhance the Vigor and Viability of Cucumber Seeds (Cucumis sativus) by Rahmawati, Fitri Ayu; Pratiwi, Indah Wahyu; Samtani, Kariena; Atuillah, Nuning; Hidayatullah, Reza Aris; Ermawati, Netty; Sya'ban, Rahmat Ali; Kurniasari, Leli; Adnan, Moch. Rosyadi (2025) - Even though the 45% and 60% treatments showed no significant differences in the few parameters, the priming with Spirulina platensis exhibited no decrease in cucumber seed germination, these applications indicated no decrease in seed germination. In the treatment with a 60% concentration and soaking time of 1, 2, and 3 hours, significant effects were observed on the parameters of MGT, vigor index, seed growth rate, and shoot length. Keywords: biomass; concentration; control; cucumber; germination; growth; hours; platensis; priming; rate; results; seed; seedlings; soaking; spirulina; spirulina platensis; time; treatment; vigor
• Antiinflammatory and Antipyretic Activities of Stem Extract and Fractions of Telfairia occidentalis in Rodents by Okokon, Jude E; Osigwe, Chinyelu C.; Florence, Uwaeme Ugonma; Andrew, Ukeme Essien (2025) - Antipyretic effect of Telfairia occidentalis stem extract on D-amphetamine-induced pyrexia. Antipyretic effect of Telfairia occidentalis stem extract on Dinitrophenol-induced pyrexia. Keywords: control; effect; extract; mice; occidentalis; stem; stem extract; telfairia
• Effectiveness of Cherry Tomato Extract in Gel Form to Accelerate the Healing Process of Excision Wounds in Wistar White Rats by Fertilita, Soilia; Zulfadli, Muhammad; Larasati, Veny; Rasyid, Riana Sari Puspita; Argentina, Fifa; Tanta, Yudhi; Athiah, Medina (2025) - Cherry tomato extract gel significantly accelerates wound closure at 8%, 12%, and 16% concentrations, with the best results observed at 16% (p<0.05), surpassing even the positive control. Cherry tomato extract gel significantly enhances wound healing, with the 16% concentration demonstrating the most effective acceleration of wound closure. Keywords: cge; cherry; cherry tomato; control; day; extract; gel; groups; healing; study; tomato; tomato extract; treatment; wound
• Antimalaria Potential and Toxicological Evaluation of Synclisia scabrida (Miers) Ex Oliv Methanol Root Extract in Plasmodium berghei-infected Mice Model by Nwaefulu, Ogochukwu Ngozi; Nwafor, John Ihechukwu; Ajaghaku, Daniel Lotanna; Amuchie, Ngozi Ezinwanne; Akporotu, Blessing (2025) - The photomicrograph of the kidney of 500 mg/kg Synclisia scabrida crude extract treated mice shows renal corpuscle (RC) and renal tubules. Parasite density, % parasitemia, % inhibition and mean survival time (MST) of Plasmodium berghei-infected mice treated with extract of Synclisia scabrida root. Keywords: berghei; control; extract; liver; malaria; mice; parasite; plasmodium; root; scabrida; synclisia; synclisia scabrida; treatment; weight
• Hepatotoxic Assessment of Tramadol-Diclofenac Use: A Study in a Rat Model by Adikwu, Elias; Nelson, Ebinyo Clemente (2019) - The rats were anesthetized, blood samples were collected and evaluated for serum liver function and lipid parameters. The effects of tramadol-diclofenac were not significant (p>0.05) on the body and liver weights of treated rats when compared to control (Table 1). Keywords: control; diclofenac; effects; hepatotoxic; levels; liver; pain; rats; serum; study; tramadol
• Liver Profile of Atazanavir/Ritonavir in Pregnant Albino Rats by Adikwu, Elias; Kemelayefa, James; Ocheiga, Winifred (2019) - Results were considered to be significant at p<0.05; 0.01; 0.001. RESULTS The body and liver weights of pregnant rats treated with ATV/r were not significantly (p>0.05) different when compared to control (Table 1). Effects of atazanavir/ritonavir on body and liver weights of pregnant albino rats. Keywords: albino; atazanavir; atv; control; levels; liver; pregnancy; rats; ritonavir
• Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Towards Infection Prevention and Control Among Health Staff at Seiyun General Hospital Authority by Alsawmhi, Sarah O.; Alhussan, Anwar S.; Pyar, Hassan; Sumait, Taher I. Bin (2025) - Infection control knowledge, attitude and practice among healthcare workers in Mansoura University Hospitals, Egypt “Quality Improvement Project”. Healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) in healthcare settings are caused worldwide by inadequate infection prevention practices, which also raise socioeconomic burdens, lengthen hospital stays, increase antibiotic resistance, and increase rates of morbidity and mortality, especially in developing and underdeveloped nations (Kiddeer et al., 2025). Keywords: attitudes; control; healthcare; hospital; infection; ipc; knowledge; level; practice; prevention; study; workers
• Evaluation of Forest Honey on the Proliferation and Migration of Dermal Fibroblasts under Hyperglycemic Conditions: An In Vitro Study by Rizqi, Januar; Agustiningsih, Denny; Nugrahaningsih, Dwi Aris Agung (2025) - Abstract This study aims to evaluate the effect of forest honey on fibroblast proliferation and migration under hyperglycemic conditions in vitro. In conclusion, forest honey at a concentration of 1.5% can increase fibroblast proliferation in a hyperglycemic environment. Keywords: control; honey; hours; hyperglycemia; migration; proliferation; wound

• In-Vivo Alpha-Amylase and Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities of Solanum anomalum Leaf Extract and Fractions by Okokon, Jude Efiom; Etuk, Idongesit Charles; Udobang, John Akpan; Ebong, Nwakaego Omonigho (2023) - We report in this study the effect of leaf extract and fractions of the plant on alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase of rats. Antiinflammatory activity of leaf extract of Solanum anomalum. Keywords: alpha; amylase; anomalum; blood; extract; glucose; glucosidase; leaf; min; solanum
• Synthesis, Spectroscopic Analysis and Antidiabetic Properties of Copper (II) Complex of Mangifera indica Leaf Crude Extract by Oladipo, Mary Adelaide; Ajao, Folasade Omobolanle; Adepoju, Adewusi John; Ishola, Kayode Taiwo; Ajeigbe, Olalekan Jamiu (2023) - In order to search for a more active antidiabetic agent, this study synthesized and evaluated antidiabetic properties of Mangifera indica crude extract and its Cu (II) complex in alloxan-induced diabetic albino rats. Histogram representation of effects of Mangifera indica leaf crude extract and its metal complex on blood glucose level. Keywords: complex; crude; diabetic; extract; glucose; indica; leaf; mangifera; rats
• Effect of Quarry Activities on Some Morphological Parameters of Two Maize Varieties (SWAN 1 and SAMMAZ 52) by Odiyi, Bridget; Maku, Olubukola; Ologundudu, Foluso Akinbode; Abiya, Sylvanus Efetobor (2023) - The production of more leaves under the control regime may be a mechanism evolved by maize plants to increase the total surface area for photosynthesis due to reduced leaf area (Morgan et al, 2018). RESULT AND DISCUSSION Particulate emissions from a wide range of industrial operations may hinder plant growth and development. Keywords: et al; leaf; plants; quarry; quarry site; root; sammaz; shoot; site; swan; varieties
• Effect of Addition of Soursop Leaf Extract to Ganyong (Canna edulis Ker.) Starch Edible Film and its application in Red Grape Storage Time by Widyastuti, Erni; Sedyadi, Endaruji; Prabawati, Susy Yunita (2016) - Red grape controls were subjected to 50% texture softening on day 13, red grape coated with edible films without extract additions were able to retain 50% of the texture for up to 41 days, and in red grape coated with edible film with the addition of soursop leaf extract subjected to as much texture softening 50% on day 40. endaruji@yahoo.com2 Abstract This study aimed to determine the effect of addition of Soursop leaf extract to edible film and its effect on the storage time of red grapes. Keywords: addition; dan; edible; extract; film; ganyong; grape; leaf; soursop; soursop leaf; starch; storage; time
• In vivo Alpha-amylase and Alpha-glucosidase Inhibitory Potentials of Panicum maximum Jacq. (Guinea grass) Leaf Extract on Wister Rats by Enin, Godwin Ndarake; Okokon, Jude Efiom; David, Enobong Mfon; Emmanuel, Saviour Elisha; Ekanem, Esther Michael; Antia, Bassey Sunday (2024) - The inhibitory activities of plant extracts are linked to their phytochemical constituents. ethanol leaf extract on alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase in Wister rats. Keywords: alpha; blood; extract; glucose; glucosidase; leaf; maximum; min; panicum
• Antiepileptic Potential of Justicia insularis Leaf Extract in Swiss Mice by Elkanah, Nancy; Nnumolu, Michael Chuks; Okokon, Jude Effiom; Ise, Uduak Peter (2024) - This study aimed to investigate the antiepileptic properties of Justicia insularis leaf extract, focusing on generated seizure models in mice. Seizure models were employed to evaluate the antiepileptic effects of Justicia insularis leaf extract. Keywords: epilepsy; extract; insularis; justicia; leaf
• Potential of Soursop Leaf Extract as an Antioxidant in MCF-7 Cells by Mustofa, Muhammad Samsul; Hadi, Restu Syamsul; Rahmah, Nunung Ainur; Pendrianto, Pendrianto (2024) - Soursop leaf extract could increase MDA inhibition GSH level in human breast cancer cells MCF-7. Soursop leaf extract contains phenolic and flavonoid compounds that act as antioxidants (Ovando-Domínguez et al., 2019). Keywords: cancer; cells; extract; gsh; leaf; mcf-7; mda; soursop
• Antibacterial Activity Testing Propionibacterium acnes Combination of 70% Ethanol Extract of Starfruit Leaves (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) and Jarak Pagar Leaves (Jatropha curcas L.) by Putri, Tarisya Anilya Dwi; Yuliana, Agnes; Krismayadi, Krismayadi (2024) - Based on research by Afifi et al. (2018), star fruit leaf extract can be used as an antibacterial against P. acnes at a concentration of 150 ppm; 175 ppm; and 200 ppm with an inhibitory zone diameter of 9.88 mm; 10.8 mm; and 11.76 mm expanded (Afifi et al., 2018). So it can be concluded that the extraction results using 70% ethanol will produce a higher yield value compared to 96% ethanol (Nahor et al., 2022). Keywords: acnes; antibacterial; combination; extract; fruit; jatropha; leaf; star; zone
• The Protective Effect of Kentut Leaf Extract (Paederia foetida L.) on Gastric Histopathology in Escherichia coli-Infected Sepsis Mice Model by Savitri, Lisa; Kasimo, Elfred Rinaldo (2024) - The results of this study indicate changes in the histopathological appearance of the gastric tissue, where there are cells experiencing necrosis, degeneration, and infiltration of inflammatory cells as a result of Escherichia coli infection. To overcome this, inflammation occurs, marked by the appearance of inflammatory cells aimed at repairing the injured gastric mucosa (Abdullah, 2008). Keywords: cells; coli; extract; gastric; kentut; leaf; mice; necrosis; savitri; sepsis; tissue; treatment
• Potential of California Variety Papaya Leaf Extract (Carica papaya L. California variety) As Bioherbicide of Snake Grass Weed (Cyperus rotundus L.) by Setiawan, Riki; Mu'jijah, Mu'jijah; Suyamto, Suyamto (2024) - The ethanol filtrate was then collected, and the filtered liquid was evaporated with a rotary evaporator until a thick ethanol extract of Papaya leaf extract (C. papaya L.) was obtained. The materials used in this study include experimental garden soil, nutsedge (C. rotundus L.), California variety papaya leaves (C. papaya L.), distilled water and 96% ethanol. Keywords: day; extract; leaf; nutsedge; papaya; rotundus; weight
• Stability of T-DNA Integration in Phalaenopsis “Sogo Vivien” Transgenic Orchid Carrying 35S::Gal4::AtRKD4::GR by Semiarti, Endang; Mursyanti, Exsyupransia; Suyoko, Ahmad; Perdana, Faiza Senja Widya; Widyastuti, Catharina Tri; Subchan, Aditya Nur (2018) - The development of somatic pre- embryogenesis occurred after 4 weeks of culture characterized by the appearance of propagules on the surface of plant leaf explants. Thus, the stability of the AtRKD4 carrier T-DNA integration in the genomes of transgenic plants was 13.3%. Keywords: atrkd4; dna; explants; iba; leaf; orchid; plants; sogo; tdz; transgenic; vivien

• Ethnobotanical Study of Plant Utilization in the Life Cycle Ceremonies of the Kaili Tado Ethnic Group in Central Sulawesi by Zainal, Syech; Supriyatman, Supriyatman; Febriawan, Aan; Buntu, Amalia; Syukur, Muh. Syarif Abd; Pahriadi, Pahriadi; Agni, Raya (2025) - Special appreciation is extended to the traditional leaders and residents of Langko Village, Lindu District, for their hospitality, cooperation, and invaluable knowledge of Kaili Tado cultural practices. Furthermore, the ethnobotanical study of ritual plants contributes not only to cultural preservation but also to environmental education (Abas et al. 2022). Keywords: ceremonies; community; conservation; cycle; kaili; kaili tado; knowledge; life; plant; research; ritual; species; tado; use
• Soybean Plant Growth and Production Response (Glycine max (L.) Merril) to the Application of Liquid Organic Fertilizer (Poc) Apu – Apu (Pistia stratiotes L.) Plant and Various Soil Reformers on Ultisol Soil Media by Panggabean, Ellen Lumisar; Azwana, Azwana (2025) - Treatment 1.44 Ns 2,59 3,89 KK 2,39% Description: ns = non significant, * = significant, ** = very very significant Number of Pods Per Sample Plant (pods) That the number of pods per plant sample plant soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merril) due to the application of liquid organic fertilizer (POC) Apu-Apu is significantly different, it is indicated that the elements ha ra phosphorus and potassium contained in the liquid organic fertilizer (POC) Apu-Apu can supply nutrients to plants until soybeans are generative (pod formation). = significant Number of Pods Per Plot (pods) That the number of pods per plant sample plant soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merril) due to the application of liquid organic fertilizer (POC) Apu-Apu is significantly different. Keywords: apu; apu apu; fertilizer; growth; number; plant; plot; poc; pods; reformers; soil; soybean; weight
• Isolation and Characterization of Stigmasterol from Fritillaria roylei by Kaur, Gunpreet; Gupta, Vikas; Singhal, R G; Bansal, Parveen (2020) - NMR spectra of isolated compound Stigmasterol from Fritillaria roylei (Kshirakakoli). As the market price of Stigmasterol is 32,334/10g (approximately) and it will be difficult for commercial manufacturers to replace Fritillaria roylei plant with stigmasterol just to claim the presence of Fritillaria roylei (Kshirakakoli). Keywords: compound; doi; fritillaria; kshirakakoli; plant; roylei; stigmasterol
• The Effectiveness of Giving Plant PGPR Rhizosphere Bamboo on Cocoa Seeds Germination at The Nursery Level by Hardiansyah, Muhammad Yusril; Musa, Yunus; Jaya, Abdul Mollah (2021) - This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the provision of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria bamboo rhizosphere against cocoa seed germination. The interaction between the use of cocoa species and the treatment of bamboo rhizosphere PGPR concentration has a very significant effect on cocoa seed germination. Keywords: bamboo; cocoa; concentration; germination; growth; gtb; pgpr; plant; rhizosphere; seeds; treatment
• Compliance Level of Textual Therapeutic Usage of Kshirakakoli Containing Formulations with a Serial Ethnomedicinal Survey and Modern System of Medicine by Kaur, Gunpreet; Gupta, Vikas; Sharma, Ravinder; Kumar, Sanjiv; Singhal, R G; Singh, Ranjit; Bansal, Parveen (2021) - Used in treatment of chronic liver and highly effective in treatment of HIV/AIDS and Acute Deep Vein Thrombosis (Wasedar et al., 2017; Rathod et al., 2013; Pusuluri et al., 2017). No Yes Improves the nonspecific immunity against rheumatoid arthritis (Lekurwalel et al., 2010). Keywords: 2016a; chikitsa; doi; formulations; ghrita; hebbar; int; kshirakakoli; medicine; plant; practitioners; study; survey
• Phytochemical, Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities of Strophanthus sarmentosus DC by Abiola, Julius Leke; Aiyelaagbe, Olapeju Oluyemisi (2023) - Strophanthus sarmentosus stem ethyl acetate, SSSM: Strophanthus sarmentosus stem methanol, SSRH: Strophanthus sarmentosus root hexane, SSRE: Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) (mg/mL) of Strophanthus sarmentosus extracts. Keywords: acetate; ethyl; extracts; hexane; methanol; plant; root; sarmentosus; stem; strophanthus; strophanthus sarmentosus
• New Record Marsdenia tenacissima (Asclepiadoideae, Apocynaceae) In Gunung Ijo Baturagung Yogyakarta by Widodo, Widodo; Luthfi, Muhammad Ja'far (2016) - Marsdenia tenacissima herbarium from Gunung Ijo compared to KEW (A, B, C) & MNHN herbarium collection (D, E, F). Marsdenia tenacissima in Jawa was not reported in Flora of Java. Keywords: figure; flora; fruit; gunung; herbarium; ijo; marsdenia; marsdenia tenacissima; plant; species; tenacissima
• Morpho-Anatomical Analysis of Cosmostigma racemosum (Asclepiadoideae) Flowers by Widodo, Widodo; Amin, Mohamad; Al-Muhdar, Mimien Henie Irawati; Luthfi, Muhammad Ja’far (2014) - The objectives of this study were to describe and analyze the morphology and anatomy of C. racemosum flowers. The visual presentations of C. racemosum flowers as sketches have been available in old literatures or monographs, namely De Lessert and De Candole (1846: 84), Wight (1846: 591), Hendrik (1686: 32). Keywords: anther; asclepiadoideae; base; cells; corolla; cosmostigma; data; development; epidermis; figure; flower; mesophyll; morphology; plant; pollinia; racemosum; section; stigma; structure; tissues; wall
• The New Technology for In Vitro Culture with Induction of Nanobubbles (NBsN2 and NBsO2) in Cattleya sp. by Mustakim, Moch; Mawardi, Azis; Dewi, Lina Purnama; Putri, Nela Vede Rhofa; Rahayu, Tintrim; Jayanti, Gatra Ervi (2024) - The test results show that NBsO2 influences the weight and height of Cattleya sp. orchid plants. Therefore, optimization in the world of tissue culture needs to be continuously developed by accelerating plant growth and development effectiveness. Keywords: cattleya; culture; growth; media; nbs; nbso2; orchid; plant; root; treatment
• Optimization of Genomic DNA Extraction Method on Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) by Agustina, Tanti; Chasani, Abdul Razaq (2025) - The results of DNA extraction that have been obtained through several variations of optimized methods are compared. Keywords: DNA extraction; Myristica fragrans; Nutmeg; Optimization. Keywords: buffer; column; dna; doyle; extraction; genomic; nutmeg; plant

• Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. (red Hibiscus) Tea, Can It Be Used as A Home-Remedy to Control Diabetes and Hypercholesterolemia? by Sanadheera, Subhashinie; Subasinghe, Deepanjana; Solangaarachchi, Melissa Nethmi; Suraweera, Manju; Suraweera, Noshara Yushanthi; Tharangika, Nadeesha (2021) - Quantitative analyses have revealed that the aqueous extract of Hibiscus rosasinensis flower petals have high amounts of tannins and anthocyanin thus show high ferric reducing antioxidant power. Chronic toxic effects of Hibiscus rosasinensis flower extract have not been reported yet, although tea and drinks made from Hibiscus rosasinensis flower petals have been used globally from ancient times as a home remedy and a beverage. Keywords: effects; extract; flower; hibiscus; hibiscus rosasinensis; petals; rats; rosasinensis; tea
• Effect of Ethanol Extracts of Musa paradisiaca Fruit Pulp and Peels on Haematological Indices and Liver Enzymes of Experimental Rats by Moke, Emuesiri Goodies; Umukoro, Emuesiri Kohworho; Ojugbeli, Evelyn Tarela; Ezedom, Theresa; Daubry, Tarela Melish Elias; Omorodion, Iziegbe Lisa (2021) - The powdered materials of Musa paradisiaca fruits (400 g each) were separately extracted exhaustively with ethanol using Soxhlet extractor at 25 0C. The filtrates were concentrated using Rotary evaporator at 40 0C. The percentage yields were 8.4% (fruit pulp) and 9.73% https://doi.org/10.14421/biomedich.2021.101.67-71 68 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry 10 (1), 2021: 67-71 (fruit peel). Musa paradisiaca has been reported that it possesses various therapeutic efficacies. Keywords: effect; extracts; fruit; liver; musa; paradisiaca; pulp; rats
• Acute Toxicity and Hypoglycemic Effect of a Polyherbal Formulation on Blood Glucose in Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) and Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats by Warri, Abednego Okeoghene; Moke, Emuesiri Goodies; Balogun, Aishat Oyinkansola; Nzeh, Kennedy Chibogu; Umukoro, Emuesiri Kohworho; Erhirhie, Earnest Oghenesuvwe (2021) - Following oral dosing with glucose (2 g/kg) in normal fasted animals, herbal formulation (HF) at various doses was administered and blood glucose levels at 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 90 minutes, and 120 minutes were taken and recorded. Blood glucose level was determined on 1st day, 7th day, 14th and 21st day. Keywords: day; diabetes; formulation; glucose; level; minutes; rats
• Effect of Lunasia amara Blanco on Sperm Number, Sperm Motility, and Testicular Histology of Male Rats by Luthfi, Muhammad Ja’far (2015) - The treatment groups have the betterment of sperms motility compared to the control groups. Sperm motility has been considered as one of the most important predictors of fertility. Keywords: fertility; motility; number; rats; sanrego; sperm
• Effectiveness Analysis of Antidiabetic Property from Dragon Fruit Peel Methanol Extract in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats by Sumartin, Sonia Apriani; Lister, I Nyoman Ehrich; Fachrial, Edy (2024) - Based on the result above, dragon fruit peel extract yielded 4.22% with an antidiabetic effect, which can significantly decrease blood glucose levels seven days after treatment (P value < 0.05). However, the variation of dragon fruit peel extract dose significantly affects both the size and structure of the Langerhans islets. Keywords: blood; dragon; dragon fruit; extract; fruit; fruit peel; glucose; levels; mg/; peel; rats; study
• Comparative Effects of Ripe and Unripe Lime (Citrus aurantifolia) on Spermatozoa and Gonadosomatic Index in Matured Male Wistar Rats by Ogbonnaya, Obioma; Nwankwo, Azubuike; Ifenkwe, Daniel Chidi; Ibe, Chikera Samuel; Ikpegbu, Ekele; Onwuka, Osah Martins (2024) - Gonads Treatment group % Testes % Prostate % Seminal vesicle 5 ml/kg D/W 1.43±0.19a 0.16±0.03a 0.58±0.11a 25% RLJ 1.03±0.02abc 0.14±0.02ab 0.36±0.02b 50% RLJ 0.92±0.01c 0.07±0.01ab 0.21±0.06b 75% RLJ 0.94±0.02bc 0.05±0.04b 0.21±0.03b 25% ULJ 1.36±0.17ab 0.07±0.00ab 0.28±0.06b 50% ULJ 1.21±0.20abc 0.13±0.02ab 0.30±0.01b 75% ULJ 1.19±0.07abc 0.15±0.02a 0.28±0.07b Sperm concentration Keywords: citrus; concentration; effects; et al; extract; groups; juice; lime; lime juice; male; rats; rlj; sperm; spermatozoa; study; ulj; unripe; unripe lime; wistar
• Evaluation of Antidiabetic Activity of Croton zambesicus Root Extract: In Vivo Inhibitory Effect on Alpha Amylase and Alpha Glucosidase of Rats by Okokon, Jude Efiom; Edem, Utibe Anietie; OSIGWE, Chinyelu Clementina; Uwaeme, Ugonma Florence (2025) - This work investigated the effect of Croton zambesicus root extract on alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase activities in rats, The extract was found to inhibit increases in blood glucose concentration following starch administration. Nephroprotective effect of Croton zambesicus root extract against gentimicin-induced kidney injury. Keywords: alpha; croton; extract; glucose; glucosidase; min; okokon; rats; root; zambesicus
• Antipyretic Activity of Stembark Extract of Mammea africana in Rats by Okokon, Jude E.; Osigwe, Chinyelu C.; Udobang, John A; Florence, Uwaeme Ugonma (2025) - INTRODUCTION Mammea africana Sabine (Guttiferae) (syn. RESULTS Effect of stembark extract of Mammea africana on D-amphetamine induced pyrexia Keywords: africana; extract; mammea; okokon; pyrexia; rats; stembark

• The Role of Gene Therapy in the Treatments of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: a review by Smail, Harem Othman (2020) - Cell therapy for type 1 diabetes: current and future strategies. Navigating two roads to glucose normalization in diabetes: automated insulin delivery devices and cell therapy. Keywords: cell; diabetes; diabetes mellitus; et al; gene; gene therapy; human; insulin; islet; mellitus; regeneration; therapy; transplantation; treatment; type; vectors
• The Effects of Frequent Therapeutic Administration of Artesunate-amodiaquine and Artemether-lumefantrine on Haematological Markers in BALB/c Mice by Audu, David; Idowu, Olufunmilayo Ajoke; Patel, Vinood B; Mshelbwala, Musa Fakilahyel; Idowu, Adewumi Babatunde (2023) - This study explored how repeated artesunate- amodiaquine (A/A) and artemether-lumefantrine (A/L) treatment in non-infected mice affected haematological markers. WBC rose in infected and non-infected mice treated with A/L or A/A 1X, 2X, 3X, and 6X, with a substantial rise in non-infected mice treated with A/L (p < 0.01) and A/A (p < 0.001) three times. Keywords: blood; infected; malaria; mice; non; times; treatment
• Potential of Methane (CH4), Nitrogen (N2), and Carbon Dioxide (CO2) from Eco-Enzyme with the Addition of Cow Feces Starter by Kamelia, Marlina; Ulmillah, Aulia; Pawhestri, Suci Wulan (2024) - The measurement results in the P0 and P4 treatments had a larger value and produced methane gas (CH4) in small amounts. These methanogen bacteria will stimulate the fermentation substrate to produce methane gas (CH4). Keywords: acidity; biogas; ch4; cow; dan; eco; enzyme; feces; fermentation; methane; pressure; reactor; research; results; starter; treatment; value; vol
• Effect of Trichosanthes cucumerina Methanol Extract on CRP and Fibrinogen Levels in Diabetic Ulcer Rat Models by Shafriani, Nazula Rahma; Astuti, Tri Dyah; Amri, Shofy Farha Aulia; Permana, Riski Aditya; Fridhoriansyah, Zuvi; Maharani, Intan (2024) - A decrease in blood glucose levels was followed by a significant decrease in fibrinogen levels in the 3 treatment groups. The methods used were making extracts, measuring blood glucose levels, measuring CRP, and measuring fibrinogen levels in 25 male Wistar rats. Keywords: blood; crp; cucumerina; extract; fibrinogen; glucose; kgbw; levels; methanol; treatment
• Effect of Different Concentration of SCOBY Kombucha as an Anti-acne Against Staphylococcus aureus in The Ear of Mice (Mus musculus) by Ferdyanti, Anggun Putri; Agustina, Eva; Faizah, Hanik; Purnamasari, Risa (2025) - SCOBY kombucha gel combined with orange peel extract has antibacterial compounds that can inhibit the growth of S. aureus bacteria. The method in this study was to make variations in the concentration of SCOBY in the gel and inject S. aureus bacteria into the ears of mice. Keywords: acne; aureus; bacteria; diameter; extract; gel; healing; hour; inflammation; kombucha; mice; orange; peel; scoby; treatment
• Effect of Robusta Coffee Extract (Coffea canephora) on Mice (Mus musculus) on Gastric Histopathology and Anxiety Level by Soebroto, Difa Hasna; Harlita, Harlita (2025) - This study aims to evaluate the effects of robusta coffee extract on gastric histopathology and anxiety levels in mice (Mus musculus). The method used involved 4 treatments, K1: negative control (without treatment), K2: positive control with aspirin 10.84 mg/20gr body weight of mice, K3: coffee extract 6.72 mg/20gr body weight of mice, K4: coffee extracts 13 mg/20gr body weight of mice. Keywords: anxiety; body; caffeine; coffee; extract; mice; robusta; stomach; treatment; weight
• Cytogenotoxicity Test and Biological Evaluation of Curculigo latifolia Extract with Bioindicators Allium cepa L. var. aggregate by Susanti, Susan; Hernahadini, Nelis; Suprapto, Subagio Joko; Haryanto, Haryanto (2025) - Antigenotoxic potential of gel extract of Aloe vera against Sodium azide genotoxicity in Allium cepa cells. aggregatum needs to be done because this plant is a plant that has anticancer potential and no research has ever been done related to cytotoxic and genotoxic tests to determine the effect on inhibition of cell division and the effect on cell damage bioindicator A. cepa L. var. aggregatum. Keywords: aggregatum; cell; cepa; effect; extract; h2o2; index; latifolia; treatment; var
• Cost Effectiveness Analysis of Favipiravir and Oseltamivir Antiretroviral Covid-19 Patients in Bogor Cisarua Lung Hospital by Rahayu, Ani; Sari, Dwi Puspita; Ningsih, Lukluk Utami; Fatimah, A. Triwildan ST (2025) - For acute COVID-19 conditions and molecular detection methods, NAAT (Nucleid Acid Amplification Test) examinations, including RT-PCR examinations of COVID-19 patients who are hospitalized, show positive results for antivirals such as chloroquinphosphate, hydroxychloroquine, Favipiravir, Oseltamivir, remdesivir, and combinations between lopinavir and ritonavir (Suresh Kumar VC et al. 2020, Di Gennaro F et al. 2020) Study results show that oseltamivir is not effective against SARSCOV-2 in both in vitro testing and case reports in COVID-19 patients (Uyeki TM 2018). Keywords: cost; covid-19; days; effectiveness; favipiravir; oseltamivir; patients; treatment
• Phytochemical Screening and Blood Glucose Response of Red Dragon Fruit Extract in Alloxan-Induced Mice by Pratiwi, I Gusti Agung Istri Mas Dianti; Maharani, Ni Putu Ayu Dian; Kirana, Ni Made Asthi Pramesti; Utari, Putu Nadya Asti; Arthayasa, I Gede Ngurah Bagus; Evayanti, Luh Gde; Wijaya, Made Dharmesti (2025) - Male mice were divided into five groups: a negative control group (no treatment), a positive control group (metformin 10 mg/kg BW), and three treatment groups (T1, T2, T3) receiving red dragon fruit extract at doses of 18.2, 36.4, and 72.8 mg/kg BW, respectively. Statistical analysis showed no significant reduction in blood glucose levels after administration of red dragon fruit extract at any of the tested doses (p>0.05). Keywords: alloxan; blood; diabetes; dragon; extract; fruit; glucose; levels; mice; red; treatment

• Ethnobotanical Study of Edible Plant Communities on the Slopes of Mount Merapi and Merbabu, Indonesia by Umartani, Lita Ayu; Nahdi, Maizer Said (2021) - (0.25), chili pepper (Capsicum annum L.) (0.20), turmeric (Curcuma dosmetica loir) and water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk.) Keywords: Culture; Ethnobotany; in-depth interviews; Rice (Oryza sativa L.); Mount Merapi; Mount Merbabu. Keywords: 0,07; 0,65; community; food; food plants; health; merapi; merbabu; mount; people; plants; research; respondents; results; slopes; species; use; value
• Analysis of Heavy Metal Cadmium (Cd) and Lead (Pb) in Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) in Pontianak City by Using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) by Nugraha, Fajar; Oktaviani, Syila Malinda; Luliana, Sri (2024) - The percent value of analyte recovery in Table 1 is in the range of 81.7 - 84.98% (for Cd metal) and 98.35 - 103.22% (for Pb metal) which means the method used for sample preparation is an accurate method because the % recovery of Cd and Pb metals produced meets the y = 0,2292x + 0,0164 r = 0,998 0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 -0,1 0,4 0,9 1,4 1,9 Alizarin Red S for Cd metal and Dithizon for Pb metal were used in qualitative assays. Keywords: color; concentration; metal; method; results; sample; standard
• Antibacterial Bioactivity Test of Bilimbi Fruit Ethanol Extract (Averrhoa bilimbi Linn). Against Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus by Anindita, Reza; Nathalia, Dede Dwi; Perwitasari, Melania; Putri, Intan Kurnia; Beandrade, Maya Uzia; Harahap, Nofria Rizki Amalia (2024) - International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 26(5), 343–356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2005.09.002 Das, S., Sultana, S., Roy, S., & Hasan, S. S. (2011). This research method used an experimental research design with the treatment of A. bilimbi fruit ethanol extract concentrations of 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, and 90%, chloramphenicol antibiotics as control (+), and sterile distilled water as control (-). Keywords: a. bilimbi; acnes; aureus; bacteria; bilimbi; bilimbi fruit; epidermidis; ethanol; extract; fruit; inhibition; results
• Correlation of Allergic Rhinitis Patient Questionnaire with Skin Prick Test Results at Saiful Anwar Regional Hospital by Maharani, Iriana; Kurniadi, Melody Audria (2025) - Research on the Allergic Rhinitis Patient Questionnaire is still minimal and still needs to be developed further in its use as a diagnostic tool so that researchers feel the need to see the correlation of the Allergic Rhinitis Patient Questionnaire with the results of SPT examinations in RA patients. The characteristics of RA patients in this study are presented in Table 2. Keywords: patient; questionnaire; results; rhinitis; spt; study; value

• Potential Inhibition of ACE2 Membrane Protein by Flavone Glycosides for Blocking Entrance of SARS- CoV-2 into the Cells; a Computational Study by Ibrahim, Ahsan; Haq, Ehtisham Ul (2023) - The molecular docking analysis, for total ten flavone glycosides was carried out, that laid out propitious results in terms of binding energies towards the active residues of ACE2 protein with a range of -9.3 to -7.1 kcal/mol. Receptor-binding domain (RBD) contains a receptor binding motif, which is the necessary for spike protein (S1) that binds to the outer surface of ACE2 protein. Keywords: 2022; ace2; binding; bond; covid-19; drug; kcal; ligands; mol; n.d; potential; protein; pubchem; residues
• Interleukin-1 as a Predictor Cytokine SARS-CoV: Article Review by Savitri, Lisa; Kasimo, Elfred Rinaldo; Krissanjaya, Rochmad; Juwita, Syntia Tanu; Antoro, Ester Lianawati; Wulansari, Ida Septika (2023) - Keywords: cytokines; interleukin-1; severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV). Abbreviations: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), interleukin-1 (IL-1), SARS-CoV lacking the E gene (SARS-CoV-ΔE), open reading frame 3a (ORF3a), TNF receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3), recruitment caspase domain (ASC) INTERLEUKIN-1 AND INFECTION Keywords: coronavirus; cov; doi; levels; lung; protein; sars
• Peptide Fractions from Pepsin-digested Moringa oleifera Seed Proteins Inhibit Hemoglobin Glycation and Carbohydrate-hydrolyzing Enzymes by Ekun, Oluwafemi Emmanuel (2023) - In contrast to the kinetics of α-amylase inhibition, there is limited data available in the literature regarding the kinetic analysis of α-glucosidase inhibition by protein hydrolysate fractions. Lineweaver-Burk plot of -amylase inhibition by Moringa oleifera seed protein hydrolysate fraction 1 (<1kD) obtained from peptic proteolysis. Keywords: amylase; et al; fractions; hydrolysate; inhibition; inhibitory; moringa; oleifera; peptide; protein; seed
• Chemical Properties of Liquid Broth Extracted from Freshwater and Marine Shrimp Shells Waste by Fadhallah, Esa Ghanim; Koesoemawardani, Dyah; Indraningtyas, Lathifa (2023) - The liquid broth was extracted by boiling shrimp shells and heads in water with a ratio of 1:2 for 1 hour at 80oC. Results indicate that the type of shrimp used did not affect the broth's ash, fat, protein, MSG, or antioxidant content. Keywords: chemical; liquid broth; protein; shrimp shell; waste. Keywords: boiling; broth; content; freshwater; liquid; marine; protein; shells; shrimp
• In silico Study on Structural Inhibition of Bacterial DNA Gyrase by Major Secondary Metabolites Found in Grape Seed Extract by Lawan, Haritha; Tharakee, Hashitha (2023) - To explore potential secondary metabolites within grape seed extract that could serve as structural inhibitors of bacterial DNA Gyrase, molecular docking studies were performed. Keywords: Grape seed extract; Polyphenols; catechin; molecular Docking; Pharmacokinetic; Physicochemical. Keywords: dna; grape; gyrase; inhibition; mol; procyanidin; protein; seed
• Protein Hydrolysates from Cucumeropsis mannii Seed Inhibit Alpha-amylase In-vitro: Potential for Managing Postprandial Hyperglycemia by Babatunde, Oladimeji Taiwo; Bewaji, Clement Olatunbosun; Igunnu, Adedoyin (2025) - Alpha-amylase inhibitory activity of Cucumeropsis mannii seed protein hydrolysates. Inset: Fifty percent α-amylase-inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of Cucumeropsis mannii seed protein hydrolysates. Keywords: amylase; cucumeropsis; enzyme; et al; hydrolysates; hydrolysis; inhibition; mannii; pancreatin; pepsin; protein; seed; yield
• Antimicrobial Potential of Phytochemicals from Coccinia grandis Leaves: A Molecular Docking Study Against Penicillin-Binding Protein 5 of Escherichia coli and DNA Topoisomerase IV Subunit B (ParE 24kDa) of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli by Isuranga, Malshan; Danthanarayana, Dulki Nihinsa (2025) - UNL1:H A:SER44:OG 147.908 Beta-Sitosterol :UNL1:H - A:ASN112:OD1 2.42915 :UNL1:H A:ASN112:OD1 137.911 Table 6. Molecule Name Distance (A0) H-Donor H-Acceptor DHA Angle (0) Novobiocin A:HIS1079:HE2 - :UNL1:O 2.89395 A:HIS1079:HE2 :UNL1:O 112.624 :UNL1:H - A:ILE1078:O 2.44228 :UNL1:H A:ILE1078:O 176.688 Quercetin A:ASN1042:HD21 - :UNL1:O 2.88793 A:ASN1042:HD21 :UNL1:O 101.638 :UNL1:H - A:GLU1046:OE1 2.19212 :UNL1:H A:GLU1046:OE1 114.214 :UNL1:H - A:GLU1046:OE1 2.12888 :UNL1:H A:GLU1046:OE1 137.021 :UNL1:H - A:VAL1039:O 2.9988 :UNL1:H A:VAL1039:O 91.088 Kaempferol A:ARG1072:HN - :UNL1:O 2.62735 A:ARG1072:HN :UNL1:O 101.889 A:GLY1073: Keywords: 24kda; binding; coli; kcal; mol; molecules; pare; protein; subunit; topoisomerase; unl1
• In Silico Analysis of Ocimum Basilicum Flavonoids as Natural Antihypertensive Agent on Angiotensin II Type-1 Receptor (AT1R) by Thalib, Amir; Damayanti, Irma Putri (2025) - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-024- 09578-5 Charchar, F. J., Prestes, P. R., Mills, C., Ching, S. M., Neupane, D., Marques, F. Z., Sharman, J. E., Vogt, L., Burrell, L. M., Korostovtseva, L., Zec, M., Patil, M., Schultz, M. G., Wallen, M. P., Renna, N. F., Islam, S. M. S., Hiremath, S., Gyeltshen, T., Chia, Y. C., Gupta, A., … Tomaszewski, M. (2024). https://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bpj/1986 Tithi, T. I., Tahsin, M. R., Anjum, J., Zaman, T. S., Aktar, F., Bahar, N. B., Tasnim, S., Sultana, A., Jahan, I., Afrin, S. S., Akter, T., Sen, P., Koly, F. J., Reza, M. S., Chowdhury, J. A., Kabir, S., Chowdhury, A. A., & Amran, M. S. (2023). Keywords: angiotensin; at1r; docking; figure; flavonoids; interactions; protein; receptor; residues; study
• 4-Hydroxyisoleucine as a Natural DPP-4 Inhibitor for Diabetes by Thalib, Amir; Damayanti, Irma Putri (2025) - This difference in molecular weight could influence the pharmacokinetics and drug-like properties of the compounds, with 4- hydroxyisoleucine's smaller size potentially offering advantages such as better oral bioavailability and metabolic stability. 4- hydroxyisoleucine demonstrated high gastrointestinal absorption, indicating that the compound can be efficiently absorbed into the bloodstream orally, making it a suitable candidate for oral drug formulations. Keywords: binding; compound; diabetes; docking; hydroxyisoleucine; ligand; potential; protein; structure; toxicity
• Superoxide Anion Radicals Biosensor Based on Protein Extract from Deinococcus Radiodurans Immobilization by Glutaraldehyde Cross-Linked by Afifi, Muhammad Ridho; Iswantini, Dyah; Nurhidayat, Novik; Saprudin, Deden (2025) - However, the stability of biosensors using D. radiodurans protein extract needs to be improved by combining zeolite with other materials as immobilization agents for the D. radiodurans protein extract (Iswantini et al., 2019). Electrochemical measurements using the SOD enzyme crosslinked with glutaraldehyde produce an anodic peak at a voltage of 0.4–0.5 V, confirming that the anodic peak of D. radiodurans protein extract is comparable to that of the pure SOD enzyme (Vu et al., 2020). Keywords: biosensor; electrode; et al; extract; glutaraldehyde; protein; protein extract; radiodurans; sod; superoxide
• Quercetin: the bioactive compound from Allium cepa L. as anti-inflammation based on in silico screening by Amin, Mohamad; Putra, Kurniawan Setia; Amin, Ihya Fakhrurizal; Earlia, Nanda; Maulina, Dina; Lukiati, Betty; Lestari, Umie (2018) - Third, observing potential target proteins on the SuperPret server online (http://prediction.charite.de/) to adjust the similarity of target proteins which found on the first and second servers. Docking Molecules Docking of quercetin molecules, target proteins, and control compounds (dexamethasone) which are chemical drugs in the treatment of inflammation using PyRx 0.8 software. Keywords: allium; cepa; compound; dexamethasone; muscleblind; protein; quercetin; target
• The Antivirulence Mechanisms of Phytate Against Pathogenic Bacteria in Skin Infections by Zhofiroh, Nabilatul; Praja, Rian Ka; Trinovita, Elsa; Ysrafil, Ysrafil; Surbakti, Ranintha BR (2025) - The results showed that phytate interacted specifically with virulent proteins in all three bacteria, most of which functioned in cellular and metabolic processes. These findings indicated that phytate has a significant antivirulence mechanism by targeting virulent proteins of skin pathogenic bacteria, thus potentially becoming a therapeutic agent to treat skin infections while reducing antibiotic resistance. Keywords: acnes; analysis; aureus; bacteria; drb1; hla; mhc; phytate; propionibacterium; protein; pyogenes; staphylococcus; streptococcus; virulent
• Computational Insights into the Comparative Analysis of Insulin- like Compounds in Bitter Melon: Targeting GSK-3 Protein and Insulin Receptor by Prasangika, Fernando Nalini (2025) - Keywords: GSK-3 protein; Insulin receptor; Molecular docking; Optimization; Toxicity. GSK-3 protein (PDB ID: 1Q5K) (Denzel & Kästner, 2018; Ullah et al., 2023; Zahid et al., 2019). Keywords: binding; charantin; docking; gsk-3; insulin; interactions; melon; protein; receptor; vicine

• Preliminary Investigative Study on the Blood Pressure-Lowering Potential of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Simarouba glauca (AESG) on Normotensive Adult Wistar Rats by Osagie-Eweka, Sammy Davies E.; Orhue, Noghayin E. J.; Amaechina, Fabian C.; Omogbai, Eric K. I.; Moke, Emuesiri Goodies (2022) - Literatures have reported vast findings on the ethno- medicinal benefits of S. glauca (Patil and Gaikwad, 2011; Ramasamy et al., 2022) with no record on the effect on cardiovascular system and blood pressure; hence this study. The Effect of AESG on Blood Pressure of Normotensive Rats. Keywords: aesg; blood; extract; glauca; pressure
• Co-Existent Hypertension with Diabetes Mellitus Exacerbates Renal Dysfunctions by Obore, Eruore Amalaka; Asiwe, Jerome Ndudi; Iyawe, Vincent I; Edo, Andrew E. (2022) - Values are represented as Mean ±SEM, n=25 and *p<0.05 was significant when compared to control while #p<0.05 was significant when compared to hypertension group. However, there is paucity of reports on renal functions in a co-existence of hypertension and diabetic condition, hence, this study evaluates renal functions in hypertensive and diabetic co-morbidity. Keywords: blood; creatinine; diabetes; diabetes mellitus; htn; hypertension; mellitus; patients; pressure
• Inhibitory Effect of Mammea africana on Alpha-Amylase and Alpha-Glucosidase Enzymes of Rats by Ebong, Nwakaego Omonigho; Okokon, Jude Efiom; Idakwoji, Jesse (2022) - Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry ISSN 2089-6514 (paper) Volume 11, Number 2, October 2022 | Pages: 175-180 | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2022.112.175-180 ISSN 2540-9328 (online) Inhibitory Effect of Mammea africana on Alpha-Amylase and Alpha-Glucosidase Enzymes of Rats Nwakaego Omonigho Ebong1,*, Jude Efiom Okokon1,2, Jesse Idakwoji1 1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Madonna University, Elele, Nigeria. Keywords: alpha-amylase; alpha-glucosidase; hypoglycaemia; Mammea africana. Keywords: africana; alpha; amylase; blood; extract; glucose; glucosidase; journal; mammea; min; stembark
• Antihypertensive Drugs Therapy in Hypertension and Covid-19 Comorbidity by Moke, Emuesiri Goodies; Ahama, Endurance Efe; Toloyai, Pere-Ebi Yabrade; Enaohwo, Mamerhi Taniyohwo; Basil, Ekuerhare; Umukoro, Emuesiri Kohworho; Eduviere, Anthony Taghogho; Udumebraye, Ikuesirioghene; Udufowe, Choice (2023) - Various statistics on COVID-19 patients surfaced, revealing that some populations may be at higher risk than others (Booth et al., 2021; Hypertension was the most prevalent reported comorbidity in COVID-19 patients in Wuhan; the reported prevalence rates ranged from 15.0% to 36.5% (Haung et al., 2020). Keywords: angiotensin; beta; blockers; blood; calcium; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; disease; et al; hypertension; inhibitors; mortality; patients; pressure; receptor; risk; sars
• Leukocytes Description of Mudskipper (Periophthalmodon schlosseri) of Barito River Estuary, Desa Tanipah, Kalimantan Selatan by Santoso, Heri Budi; Hidayaturrahmah, Hidayaturrahmah; Muhamat, Muhamat (2018) - The increase of leukocytes number in blood circulation was called lymphocytosis; however, the decrease was called leucopenia. Description of differentiation of mudskipper leukocytes. Keywords: blood; differentiation; leukocytes; lymphocytes; mudskipper; number; percentage
• Comparative Anatomy of Labyrinth and Gill of Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) (Burchell, 1822) and Snakehead Fish (Channa striata) (Bloch, 1793) by Karlina, Ina; Luthfi, Muhammad Ja’far (2018) - Gill Results showed that catfish and Snakehead Fish gills have a thin epithelial layer for the efficiency of oxygen and gas exchange (absorption and release). Catfish gill and Snakehead Fish. Keywords: blood; catfish; cells; gill; labyrinth; lamella; snakehead
• Washed Erythrocyte (WE) Bag Bacteria Brevundimonas vesicularis Identification at the Blood Donor Unit PMI DKI Jakarta by Rahmatullah, Widia; Oktaviyanti, Rina; Aini, Resmi; R., Rudina Azimata; Handayani, Reska (2025) - Blood product aerobic (BPA) and blood product anaerobic (BPN) media are used in the culture of blood product sample on Bact/alert. Blood product samples are cultured on bacteria and alert. Keywords: bacteria; blood; bpa; bpn; components; contamination; media; product; samples; transfusion
• The Effects of Wet Cupping Therapy in Blood Pressure, Glucose, Uric Acid and Total Cholesterol Levels by Sutriyono, Sutriyono; Robbina, Muhammad Rodham; Ndii, Meksianis Zadrak (2019) - In China wet cupping therapy become a formal treatment in the hospital. 14 centuries ago Prophet Muhammad implemented wet cupping therapy or hejamah as a curing treatment and become sunnah for muslim. Keywords: blood; cupping; cupping therapy; level; pressure; therapy; wet
• Academic Stress and Blood Glucose Levels: A Correlational Study Among Medical Laboratory Technology Students by Savitri, Lisa; Hilmi, Mochamad Hanif; Kasimo, Elfred Rinaldo; Krissanjaya, Rochmad; Ihsan, Kharisul (2025) - The Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.045 with a p-value of 0.819, indicating no statistically significant relationship between academic stress levels and blood glucose levels. The Pearson correlation test showed a correlation coefficient of 0.045 with a p-value of 0.819, indicating no significant relationship between academic stress levels and blood glucose levels. Keywords: blood; blood glucose; correlation; diabetes; glucose; glucose levels; jurnal; levels; stress; students
• Association Between Lip Prints and Blood Groups Among Koya University Students by Smail, Harem Othman; Hassan, Rezhna Khder; Ismail, Helin Omer (2025) - The research indicates a correlation between blood groups and lip print patterns, suggesting that lip print traits may be linked to blood groups in females. Statistical analysis The chi-square test was conducted to investigate the association between lip print patterns and the ABO blood group. Keywords: blood; groups; lip; patterns; print; rhnegative; type

• Prevalence and Biofilm-forming Potentials of Bacterial Uropathogens Among Primary School Pupils in Yola North, Adamawa State by Abaka, Abdulazeez Mumsiri; Dahiru, Mubarak Muhammad; Ya'u, Ibrahim; Abdulllahi, Tukur Baba (2024) - This study aims to investigate the distribution, antibiotic resistance profiles, and biofilm formation capabilities of bacteria isolated from urinary tract infections (UTIs). Following E. coli, the second most frequently occurring organism is S. aureus, which has been recognized as a key Gram- positive pathogen associated with urinary tract infections (Shrestha et al., 2019). Keywords: bacteria; children; infection; prevalence; resistance; tract; utis
• Antibacterial Potential of Freshener Water Based on Siwalan Coir Extract (Borassus flabellifer) and Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) Against Airborne Bacteria by Andayani, Hana Dwi; Yoviska, Salma Auliya; Syaffa, Widyastuti Asy; Iqlima, Putri Amifalahiya; Sriwulan, Sriwulan (2024) - The cleanliness level of room air greatly affects human health because 90% of human activities are carried out indoors (Bahri et al., 2021). Data analysis The data were statistically analyzed using the Paired T Test to determine the ability of air freshener coir extract and lemongrass in reducing the number of airborne bacterial colonies in space. Keywords: air; bacteria; coir; colonies; freshener; kesehatan; lemongrass; number; research; room; siwalan; temperature
• Detection of Antibacterial Susceptible Salmonella spp. in Cured Beef with Different Shelf-Life Expectancy by Khairunisa, Mutia Asri; Retnaningrum, Endah (2024) - Keywords: antimicrobial resistance; cured beef; Salmonella spp.; shelf-life expectancy. Confirmation of the presence of Salmonella spp. is significant within this research to allow pure culturing of the targeted bacteria. Keywords: bacteria; beef; cfu; colonies; meat; salmonella; salmonella spp; samples; spp; year
• Antibacterial Activity Test of Trump Extract Dendrophtoe petandra (L.) Miq. Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Vitro by Savitri, Lisa; Alves, Silvina Sandra X.; Hilmi, Mochammad Hanif; Krissanjaya, Rochmad; Prasetyawan, Fendy; Juwita, Syntia Tanu (2025) - The activity test was carried out by disc diffusion method against P. aeruginosa test bacteria, using disc method. The benefit of this research is that through this research the community can obtain additional information that lime mistletoe (D. pentandra (L.) Miq) extract can be used for the treatment of infections caused by P. aeruginosa bacteria. Keywords: aeruginosa; bacteria; lime; miq; mistletoe; nodifferent
• Fermented Feed for Laying Hens: Effects on Egg Quality and the Number of Enteric Pathogenic Bacteria Present by Amantsura, Daimeera Anja Lulu; Retnaningrum, Endah (2025) - The results of this research prove fermented feed increased the quality of chicken eggs, and furthermore also significantly reduces the number of total and Enterobacter type pathogenic bacteria in egg content. This study is conducted to distinguish the diffrence in quality of eggs that can be physically observed in chicken eggs fed with fermented feed compared to chicken eggs fed regular feed, as well as to compare the number of total bacteria and enteric pathogenic bacteria contained in the contents of chicken eggs that includes Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp bacteria. Keywords: bacteria; chicken; egg; eggs; fed; feed; number; research; salmonella
• Identification of Total Coliform Bacteria in Processed Enbal Food in Several Traditional Markets in Ambon City by Nahumarury, Salmin Safril; Yunita, Melda; Husein, Anggun Lestary; Effendi, Effendi (2025) - One crucial factor contributing to suppressing bacterial growth in enbal processed food is its composition. The bacterial identification of processed enbal food exhibits the presence of both Gram positive and Gram-negative bacteria, namely Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Keywords: bacteria; cfu; colony; contamination; count; enbal; food; gram; identification; isolates; markets; plate; samples; study; total
• Potential of Fig Fruit Ethanol Extract (Ficus carica L.) Against Staphylococcus aureus MRSA and Klebsiella pneumoniae ESBL Bacteria by Padang, Enmia Septia; Hafzari, Rini; Gultom, Endang Sulistyarini (2025) - Padang et al. – Potential of Fig Fruit Ethanol Extract (Ficus carica L.) Against 1035 TLC-Bioautography Testing The solidified MHA media was swabbed with Staphylococcus aureus MRSA and Klebsiella pneumoniae ESBL bacteria using a sterile ose needle, then the media was left for 10 minutes so that the bacterial suspension could be absorbed, after solidifying and absorbing, the eluted TLC plate was placed and pressed slightly on the surface of the media, after 30 minutes the TLC plate was lifted then the MHA media was incubated at 37℃ for 24 hours, the inhibition zone formed on the surface of the media was observed. Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry ISSN 2089-6514 (paper) Volume 14, Number 2, October 2025 | Pages: 1033-1038 | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.1033-1038 ISSN 2540-9328 (online) Potential of Fig Fruit Ethanol Extract (Ficus carica L.) Keywords: antibacterial; aureus; bacteria; carica; ethanol; extract; ficus; fig; klebsiella; pneumoniae; staphylococcus; value

• Potential Antimalarial Activity of Artemether/Lumefantrine/Doxycycline: A Study in Mice Infected with Plasmodium berghei by Georgewill, Udeme Owunari; Adikwu, Elias (2022) - Curative effect of artemether/lumefantrine/doxycycline on Plasmodium berghei infected mice. Suppressive effect of artemether/lumefantrine/doxycycline on Plasmodium berghei infected mice. Keywords: antimalarial; berghei; doxycycline; lumefantrine; malaria; mice; parasitemia; plasmodium
• The Phytoestrogenic Potential of Yam Bean (Pachyrhizus erosus) on Ovarian and Uterine Tissue Structure of Premenopausal Mice by Primiani, Cicilia Novi (2015) - In regard to this, yam bean is found to contain genistein and daidzein compounds with a chemical structure that resembles estrogen hormone, therefore yam bean is categorized in the phytoestrogen group. The purpose of this study was to identify the potential of yam bean on ovarian and uterine histology of mice. Keywords: bean; estrogen; genistein; hormone; mice; proliferation; uterine; yam; yam bean
• The Weight Performance Stability of Mice on Modeling Obesity-Associated Hyperglycemia Induced by Dextrose Monohydrate by Putra, Deksa Yudha Syach; Santoso, Setiyo Budi; Lutfiyati, Heni (2022) - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Performance of Alloxan Induction Mice in groups A and D gained 35.86 grams and 37.98 grams of body weight after nine days of alloxan induction, respectively. Performance of Streptozotocin Induction Mice in groups B and E gained 35.80 grams and 36.60 grams of body weight after nine days of streptozotocin induction, respectively. Keywords: alloxan; body; dextrose; diabetes; induction; mice; monohydrate; streptozotocin; weight
• Potency of Turmeric Extract (Curcuma domestica Val.) with Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) Against Incision Wound Healing by Atifah, Yusni; Kurnia, Aifa (2024) - The part of turmeric contains curcumin to accelerate wound healing and VCO contains lauric acid which functions as an antibacterial. Research by Susanto et al. (2023), a combination of turmeric rhizome extract and whiting at a composition of 1: 1; 2:1 and 1:2 can accelerate wound healing and have anti-inflammatory activity. Keywords: closure; coconut; combination; extract; healing; incision; mice; process; research; turmeric; vco; wound

• Analysis of Influencing Factors on The Provision of Birth Control Equipment and Materials at The Lahomi Non-Inpatient Health Center Unit, West Nias Regency by Nasution, Sri Lestari; Laia, Dermawati; Girsang, Ermi (2025) - Distribution of Frequency of Supervision, Briefing, Control, Supervision and Budgeting in UPT Non-Inpatient Health Center Lahomi, West Nias Regency. Dessay research is a cross-sectional study, namely to find out whether there is an influence between supervision, direction, control, supervision and budgeting with the provision of birth control tools and materials at the UPT Non-Inpatient Health Center Lahomi, West Nias Regency in the past. Keywords: center lahomi; health center; kb tools; lahomi; materials; provision; research; supervision; tools; value; west
• Exclusive Breastfeeding and Complementary Feeding on Stunting Children Among 12-24 Months: A Retrospective Study by Modjo, Dewi; Muhamad, Zuriati; Aisyah P.S.P Oei, Aurelia Intan Sitty (2025) - Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry ISSN 2089-6514 (paper) Volume 14, Number 2, October 2025 | Pages: 1201-1206 | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.1201-1206 ISSN 2540-9328 (online) Exclusive Breastfeeding and Complementary Feeding on Stunting Children Among 12-24 Months: A Retrospective Study Dewi Modjo1*, Zuriati Muhamad2, Aurelia Intan Sitty Aisyah P.S.P Oei1 1Departement of Nursing Study Program, Universitas Muhammadiyah Gorontalo, Indonesia 2Midwifery Department, Faculty of Health Science, Universitas Muhammadiyah Gorontalo Indonesia. According to data obtained by the WHO in 2020, the number of stunted children under the age of 5 worldwide reached 150.8 million, equivalent to 22.2% of the total number of children under 5. Keywords: age; breastfeeding; children; health; incidence; relationship; respondents; study; stunting; value

• Effect of Different Pre-treatments and Frying Process on Proximate, Some Essential Minerals, and Anti-nutritional Factors of Taro Found in Birjung, Nepal by Sharma, Shristi Poudel; Thagunna, Bishal; Baral, Rosy; Baral, Rashmi; Khadka, Deepa (2025) - The proximate composition of raw taro corms was found to be moisture 60.82%, crude fat 0.96%, crude protein 9.69%, total ash 3.77%, crude fiber 3.49% and carbohydrate 52.0%. Antinutritional factors of raw taro corms analyzed in this study were oxalate-280.98±0.49 mg/100g, phytate-84.90±0.74 mg/100g and tannin-47.67±0.11 mg/100g. Potassium was the most abundant macro mineral (620.55mg/100g) in the unprocessed taro corms. Keywords: boiling; content; effect; food; frying; levels; mg/100; oxalate; phytate; taro
• The Relationship Between Total IgE, Symptom Duration, VAS Scores, and Danyoung Classification in Allergic Rhinitis by Tri Wirattami, Ayunita; Agustina, Tanti (2025) - In his research, Chang classified the nasal mucosa surface through nasoendoscopy in AR patients based on age and sex over 10-years, finding three stages of change in the nasal mucosa of allergic rhinitis patients. Therefore, even though higher Total IgE levels are commonly observed in AR patients, these findings are insufficient to conclude a strong or significant correlation between elevated IgE and the severity of allergic rhinitis symptoms (de Paula Couto et al., 2014). Keywords: classification; ige; ige levels; levels; nasal; patients; rhinitis; symptoms; vas

• Diversity and Composition of Insect Species Associated with Natural Rattan Habitats in Namo Village, Kulawi, Central Sulawesi by Nurdin, Musdalifah; Suleman, Samsurizal M; Zainal, Syech; Sabran, Moh; Agni, Raya; Trianto, Manap (2025) - This study aimed to identify and analyze the diversity of insect species associated with natural rattan habitats in Namo Village, Kulawi District, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. This study aimed to identify and analyze the diversity of insect species associated with natural rattan habitats in Namo Village, Kulawi District, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Study area This study was conducted in Namo Village, Kulawi District, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Keywords: diversity; et al; forest; insect; namo; rattan; species; sulawesi; village
• Diversity of Sea Cucumber Types in Shallow Sea Waters of Katapang Sukarame Carita Labuan Pandeglang Banten Beach by Nurhidayatulloh, Fikri; Setiawan, Usman; Abdilah, Nurullah Asep; Suyamto, Suyamto (2025) - Cuverian Tube H. horrens H. atra H. leucospilota Availability None None Available Mesenterium Comparison of observations of the Mesentery organ in sea cucumber species that were successfully found in the shallow sea waters of Katapang Sukarame Carita Labuan Pandeglang Banten coast, namely S. horrens, H. atra and H. leucospilota is presented in Table 14. The research results show that the diversity of sea cucumber species found in the Shallow Waters of Katapang Sukarame Carita Labuan Pandeglang Banten Coast are S. horrens, H. atra, and H. leucospilota. Keywords: banten; body; carita; cucumber species; cucumbers; h. atra; h. leucospilota; horrens; katapang; organs; pandeglang; sea; sea cucumber; sea waters; shape; species; sukarame; table; waters
• Proximate Composition, Levels of Some Essential Mineral Elements and Anti-Nutritional Components of Some Yam Species Found in Minna, Niger State by Godfrey, Eneogwe Okechukwu; Esther, Ibrahim Izihyi; Faith, Obuye (2022) - Oxalate Content Comparatively, the oxalate content of the various yam species analyzed ranged from 3.19±0.90bc mg/100g for Dioscorea rotundata to 4.86±0.08d mg/100g for Dioscorea cayenensis samples. Proximate Composition, Physiological Changes during Storage and Shelf Life of Some Nigerian varieties of Yams (Dioscorea species). Keywords: cm3; content; dioscorea; dioscorea dumenturom; dioscorea rotundata; dumenturom; journal; mg/100; rotundata; species; yam; yam species
• The Effect Of Intensive Keramba On The Presence Of Parasite Organisms In Rivers Of Lingsar Area by Supriadi, Supriadi; Janah, Maratun (2015) - Based on these values of Shannon-Wiener diversity index, it can be stated that the upstream area has lower parasite species diversity, while the keramba area and downstream area have moderate diversity. This means that fish farming which employing intensive keramba method in the river has a significant effect on the presence of various parasite species. Keywords: area; diversity; downstream; fish; index; keramba; organisms; parasite; species; upstream
• Checklist of Macroalgae in Waisai Coast, Raja Ampat by Suryandari, Retno; Widodo, Widodo (2016) - Macroalgae of Phaeophyceae at Waisai Coast (A. Hormophysa cuneiformis (J.F. Gmelin) P.C. Silva,B. Sargassum aquifolium (Turner) C. Agardh, C. Sargassum polycystum C. Agardh, D. Turbinaria ornata (Turner) J. Agardh, E. Padina australis Hauck, F. Canistrocarpus cervicornis (Kutzing) Howe f. brevipes (J. Agardh Svedilus), Caulerpa cupressoides (Vahl) C. Agardh, Halimeda discoidea Decaisne, Halimeda Opuntia (Linnaeus) J.V. Lamoroux, Halimeda tuna (J. Ellis & Solander) J.V. Lamoroux, Halimeda cylindraceae Decaisne, Halimeda macroloba Decaisne, Avrainvillea erecta (Berkeley) A. Gepp & E.S. Gepp, Codium geppiorum O.C.Schmidt, Boergesenia forbesii (Hardvey) Feldmann, Valonia ventricosa J. Agardh, Dictyosphaeria cavernosa (Forsskål) Børgesen, Chaetomorpha spiralisOkamura, Anadyomene wrightii Harvey ex. Keywords: agardh; asia; distribution; guiry; halimeda; indonesia; macroalgae; philippines; singapore; southeast; species; vietnam
• Weed Community Structure in Patia Village Rice Fields Patia Sub-District, Pandeglang Regency by Widiyawati, Ai; Susilo, Hadi; Mu'jijah, Mu'jijah; Suyamto, Suyamto; Abdilah, Nurullah Asep (2023) - The results of the study were that the types of rice weeds found in the rice fields of Patia Village, District, and Patia, Pandeglang Regency, namely Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq) Raven, Commanded cylindricaL. Beauv, Spigelia anthelmia, Ageratum conyzoides, Spihemoclea zeylanica, Altemanthera sessillis, Eclipta prostate, Cypress deformed L., Digitaria sp. and Mimosa chaste L. The structure of rice weeds in tidal fields with the highest INP value is the weed type Echinochloa chicken leg (41.16%). Keywords: district; diversity; fields; index; patia; patia village; plants; regency; rice; rice fields; species; village; weeds
• Checklist of Flowering Plants (Magnoliophyta) of Mount Nglanggeran, Gunungkidul: Confirmation and Update of Flora of Java and APG III by Widodo, Widodo; Luthfi, Muhammad Jafar (2017) - Eighty plant families of flowering plants were found in the mount Nglanggeran. Based on the phylogenetic arrangement of flowering plants it was found that all the main groups (clades) of flowering plants were found at this location. Keywords: backer; bakhuizen; biology; book; checklist; chemistry; core; data; eudicot; families; family; flora; flowering; genera; gunungkidul; identification; iii; java; magnoliophyta; medicine; mount; mount nglanggeran; nglanggeran; plants; product; species; volume
• The Diversity of Understory (Shrubs and Herbs) in the Kalikuning Area by Supriyati, Hikmah; Ariyanti, Nur Aeni (2024) - Herb 10 Tagetes erecta Herb 11 Eupatorium serotinum Herb 12 Ageratum conyzoides Shrub 13 Ageratina riparia Herb 14 Bidens pilosa L. Herb 15 Centaurea nigra Herb 16 Echinacea purpurea Research data can be used to investigate a range of plant species, shrubs, and herbs in a systematic and visual manner. Keywords: area; asteraceae; diversity; family; flora; herb; plants; poaceae; shrubs; species; understory
• Anatomical Study of Male Reproductive Organs of the Indonesian Short-Nosed Fruit Bat (Cynopterus titthaecheilus Temminck, 1825) by Anisatuzzahro, Anisatuzzahro; Luthfi, Muhammad Jafar (2017) - One of the species of Megachiroptera is Cynopterus titthaecheilus (C. titthaecheilus). Local name for C. titthaecheilus is the Indonesian short-nosed fruit bat. Keywords: bat; figure; gland; organs; reproductive; species; titthaecheilus
• The Recent Collection of Climacodon roseomaculatus (Hydnum roseomaculatum Henn. & E. Nyman) from The Type Locality (Indonesia) by Putra, Ivan Permana; Nurhayat, Oktan Dwi (2024) - The result showed that Climacodon BO24632 was identified as C. roseomaculatus based on distinctive features of stipe and gleocystidia. The Recent Collection of Climacodon roseomaculatus (Hydnum roseomaculatum Henn. & E. Nyman) from The Type Locality (Indonesia) Ivan Permana Putra1,*, Oktan Dwi Nurhayat2 1Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Darmaga Campus, Bogor 16680, Indonesia. Keywords: climacodon; geesteranus; hyphae; indonesia; java; maas; roseomaculatus; species
• Molecular Identification of Fungal Complex Associated with Stored Maize Grains Vended in Some Local Government Areas of Adamawa State, Nigeria by Peter, Patricia Sanum; Haruna, Aishatu; Abaka, AbdulAzeez Mumsiri (2025) - Regarding Aspergillus latus, which was identified in maize grains in this study, taxonomic literature suggests that Aspergillus sublatus and A. latus are closely related, with A. sublatus holding taxonomic priority (Chen et al., 2016). The identified fungal species included Lichtheimia ramosa, Aspergillus latus, Aspergillus flavus, Amesia atrobrunnea, and Cladosporium cladosporioides, all exhibiting morphological traits consistent with previous studies (Bensch et al., 2012). Keywords: aspergillus; dna; et al; flavus; food; fungi; grains; growth; identification; isolates; maize; species
• Diversity of Angiospermae Plant Class Liliopsida in Mount Nglanggeran by Nugraha, Bayu Setya Aji; Widodo, Widodo; Yuntara, Rendi; Normalita, Normalita (2018) - Diagram of plant family class of liliopsida Araceae is the most abundant family of species, among the 8 species found, Alocasia crassifolia and Amorphophallus variabilis are abundant species and are often found around climbing routes. Araceae is the most abundant family of species, among the 8 species found, Alocasia crassifolia and Amorphophallus variabilis are abundant species and are often found around climbing routes. Keywords: class; dioscorea; diversity; liliopsida; nglanggeran; plants; species
• Molecular Identification of Lepidopteran Predators of Coccidae on Coffee Plants (Coffea canephora) in Sigi Regency by Budiarsa, I Made; Trianto, Manap; Adnan, Bahana Aditya (2025) - This study is the first to confirm the identity of a Lepidopteran predator of coffee scale insects in Indonesia using molecular techniques, revealing its close relation to Autoba rubra. 1: marker; 2: predator moth. Keywords: autoba; coffee; dna; et al; identification; insects; molecular; moth; pest; predator; rubra; sample; scale; species

• The Effect of Methanol Seed Kernel Extract of Mangifera Indica on Guinea Pig Tracheal Smooth Muscles by Etti, Imaobong Christopher; Akinniyi, Akinbola Lukuman; Johnny, Imoh Ime; Adedoyin, Adebayo Tologbonse (2025) - At maximum contractile response, cumulative concentrations of M. indica seed extract (5 x 10-5 - 5 x 10-3 mg/ml) were injected into the organ bath. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of methanol seed kernel extract of Magnifera indica on isolated guinea pig trachea. Keywords: acetylcholine; effect; extract; histamine; indica; kernel; rings; seed; tracheal
• Table of Contents by Riyanto, Riyanto (2015) - Widowati, Tati Herlina, Hana Ratnawati, Gabriella Constantia, I Dewa Gde Sathya Deva, Maesaroh Maesaroh 35 - 39 Medicinal Plants: A Prospect in Developing Male Fertility Enhancing Agent Muhammad Ja'far Luthfi, Mahanem Mat Noor, Jalifah Latip 41 - 47 Tapak Liman (Elephantopus scaber L) As a Natural Sensitizer for TiO2 Dye-sensitized Solar Cells: The Effect of Temperature Extract Reyza Anni Mufidah, Khamidinal, Endaruji Sedyadi, Didik Krisdiyanto 25 - 29 Effect of Lunasia amara Blanco on Sperm Number, Sperm Motility, and Testicular Histology of Male Rats Muhammad Ja'far Luthfi 31 - 33 Antioxidant Potential of Black, Green and Oolong Tea Methanol Extracts Wahyu Keywords: effect

• Isolation and Characterization of Sesquiterpenes from Stem Bark of Warburgia ugandensis Sprague by Hordofa, Teshome Gonfa (2020) - Xu et al., 2009), pereniporin B (6) (Rajab et al., 2000), cinnamolide (7), cinnamolide-3β-acetate (8), ugandensolide (9) (Wube et al., 2005; Xu et al., 2009), dendocarbin A (10), ugandenial A (11), 9α,11α-dihydroxy, 6β-acetyl- cinnamolide (12), dendocarbin L (13), dendocarbin M (14), 9α-hydroxycinnamolide (15) (Xu et al., 2009), muzigadial (16), muzigadiolide (17) (Wube et al., 2005; Kioy et al., 1990; Rukutt et al., 2005), 4(13),7- coloratadien-12,11-olide (18), 6α,9α-dihydroxy-4(13),7- coloratadien-11,12-dial (19)and 7β-hydroxy-4(13),8- coloratadien-11,12-olide (20), 7α-hydroxy-8-drimen- 11,12-olide (21) (Wube et al., 2005), cinnamolide-3β-ol (22), deacetylugandensolide (23) (Xu et al., 2009), 11α– hydroxymuzigadiolide (24) (Rajab et al., 2000; Wube et al., 2005), ugandensidial (25) (Rajab et al., 2000; Wube et al., 2005; Kioy et al.,1990). Keywords: et al; h h; h o; nmr; ppm
• Isolation of Novel 6-methylideneoxecane-3,4,5,7,8,9-hexol from the Leaves of Rauwolfia vomitoria, Apocynaceae by Owaba, Azibanasamesa D.C; Rafiu, Raji O.; Frank, Arueniobebh; Eboh, Darlington D.; Bunu, Samuel J. (2024) - Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry ISSN 2089-6514 (paper) Volume 13, Number 1, April 2024 | Pages: 135-139 | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2024.131.135-139 ISSN 2540-9328 (online) Isolation of Novel 6-methylideneoxecane-3,4,5,7,8,9-hexol from the Leaves of Rauwolfia vomitoria, Apocynaceae Azibanasamesa D.C Owaba1,*, Raji O. Rafiu1, Arueniobebh Frank2, Darlington D. Eboh3, Samuel J. Bunu1 1Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Keywords: Isolation; Rauwolfia vomitoria; antibacterial; 6-methylideneoxecane-3,4,5,7,8,9-hexol. Keywords: antibacterial; carbon; nmr; ppm; vomitoria
• The Effect of Paracetamol on The Development of Chicken Embryos by Saragih, Hendry Tri Sakti Surya Gunawan; Primahesa, Alfian; Oktaviana, Shintia; Setyo, Agnessia Asian Budi; Anisya, Alifia; Allimi, Hayu Swari; Zusrina, Laili Mufli; Saribu, Ruth Liananda Citra Dolok; Nuriliani, Ardaning; Septriani, Nur Indah (2024) - doi:https://doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.121.17713 Werler, M. M., Mitchell, A. A., Hernandez-Diaz, S., Honein, M. A., & the National Birth Defects Prevention Study. Untreated embryo embryos (control) did not experience abnormalities (Figure 2). Keywords: abnormalities; doi; embryos; et al; paracetamol; ppm

• A Chemical Overview of Azanza garckeana by Bioltif, Yilni Edward; Edward, Naanma Bioltif; Tyeng, Terry Dalyop (2020) - Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry ISSN 2089-6514 (paper) Volume 9, Number 2, October 2020 | Pages: 91-95 | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2020.92.91-95 ISSN 2540-9328 (online) A Chemical Overview of Azanza garckeana Yilni Edward Bioltif1,*, Naanma Bioltif Edward2, Terry Dalyop Tyeng1 1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Science, Plateau State University, Bokkos, Nigeria. Keywords: Azanza garckeana; Chemical; Compounds; Mansonone. Keywords: azanza; ch3 ch3; fruit; garckeana; mansonone; nigeria; root
• Utilization of Maggot Larvae (Hermetia illucens) for Processing Food Waste at the UIN Raden Intan Lampung Canteen by Listiana, Ika; Marlina, Marlina; Kuswanto, Eko; Hoya, Ade Lenty (2024) - Corresponding author* ikalistiana@radenintan.ac.id Abstract Waste management using maggot larvae (Hermetia illucens) can be an innovative strategy for reducing organic waste. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of maggot larvae in processing organic waste at the UIN Raden Intan Lampung Canteen. Keywords: duration; fruit; grams; hermetia; hermetia illucens; illucens; maggot; residue; rice; waste; weight
• Larvicidal Effect of Vinca Fruit Extract (Vinca rosea) Against Aedes aegypti Larvae and Secondary Metabolites Profile by Thin Layer Chromatography by Ekaputri, Rahmawati; Sudarsono, Sudarsono; Mulyaningsih, Budi (2014) - The present study was carried out to determine the larvicidal activity of Vinca rosea fruit extract against Aedes aegypti larvae. Five concentrations of Vinca fruit extract were tested against the 3rd instar Aedes aegypti larvae. Keywords: extract; fruit; larvae; rosea; vinca
• Demographic Characteristics of Fruit Sellers and Chemical Preservation Practices in Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria by Yahaya, Tajudeen; Faruk, Mohammed Umar; Abdulazzez, Abdulmalik (2025) - This study aimed to determine the demographic characteristics of fruit sellers in Birnin Kebbi and the preservatives they commonly use. It is imperative to educate fruit sellers and consumers on the safe use of chemical preservatives, including appropriate concentrations and application techniques, to mitigate these risks and promote safer fruit consumption. Keywords: birnin; education; fruit; kebbi; methods; nigeria; participants; preservation; preservatives; sellers

• Cover, Editorial Board, Guidance for Authors, & Table of Contents by Luthfi, Muhammad Ja'far (2019) - Nor School of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Faculty of Science & Technology, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Mohamad Amin Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Indonesia Widodo Department of Biology Education, State Islamic University Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta, Indonesia Ahmad Dwi Setyawan Department of Biology, Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia Sugiyarto Department of Biology, Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia Alfred Pakpahan Faculty of Dentistry, Trisakti University, Indonesia Charis Amarantini Faculty of Biotechnology, Christian University Duta Wacana, Indonesia Marini Ahmad Marzuki Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute DESIGN & LAYOUT: Muhammad Jafar Luthfi Department of Biology, State Islamic University Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta, Indonesia EDITORIAL BOARD: Keywords: authors; biology; department; indonesia; issn; journal; manuscript; number; research; university
• Cover, Editorial Board, Guidance for Authors, & Table of Contents by Luthfi, Muhammad Ja'far (2019) - Nor School of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Faculty of Science & Technology, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Mohamad Amin Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Indonesia Widodo Department of Biology Education, State Islamic University Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta, Indonesia Ahmad Dwi Setyawan Department of Biology, Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia Sugiyarto Department of Biology, Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia Alfred Pakpahan Faculty of Dentistry, Trisakti University, Indonesia Charis Amarantini Faculty of Biotechnology, Christian University Duta Wacana, Indonesia Marini Ahmad Marzuki Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute DESIGN & LAYOUT: Muhammad Jafar Luthfi Department of Biology, State Islamic University Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta, Indonesia EDITORIAL BOARD: Keywords: authors; biology; department; faculty; indonesia; journal; manuscript; research; university
• Cover, Editorial Board, Guidance for Authors, & Table of Contents | Vol. 9 No. 1 April 2020 by Luthfi, Muhammad Ja’far (2020) - Nor School of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Faculty of Science & Technology, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Mohamad Amin Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Indonesia Widodo Department of Biology Education, State Islamic University Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta, Indonesia Ahmad Dwi Setyawan Department of Biology, Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia Sugiyarto Department of Biology, Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia Alfred Pakpahan Faculty of Dentistry, Trisakti University, Indonesia Charis Amarantini Faculty of Biotechnology, Christian University Duta Wacana, Indonesia Marini Ahmad Marzuki Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute DESIGN & LAYOUT: Muhammad Jafar Luthfi Department of Biology, State Islamic University Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta, Indonesia EDITORIAL BOARD: Keywords: authors; biology; department; faculty; indonesia; islamic university; journal; manuscript; research; university
• Cover, Editorial Board, Guidance for Authors, & Table of Contents | Vol. 9 No. 2 October 2020 by Luthfi, Muhammad Ja’far (2020) - Nor School of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Faculty of Science & Technology, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Mohamad Amin Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Indonesia Widodo Department of Biology Education, State Islamic University Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta, Indonesia Ahmad Dwi Setyawan Department of Biology, Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia Sugiyarto Department of Biology, Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia Alfred Pakpahan Faculty of Dentistry, Trisakti University, Indonesia Charis Amarantini Faculty of Biotechnology, Christian University Duta Wacana, Indonesia Marini Ahmad Marzuki Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute DESIGN & LAYOUT: Muhammad Jafar Luthfi Department of Biology, State Islamic University Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta, Indonesia EDITORIAL BOARD: Keywords: authors; biology; department; faculty; indonesia; islamic university; journal; manuscript; research; university
• Cover, Editorial Board, Guidance for Authors, & Table of Contents | Vol. 10 No. 1 April 2021 by Luthfi, Muhammad Ja’far (2021) - Hildebert Wagner Department Pharmazie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany Geoffrey A. Cordell Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA Mahanem Mat Noor School of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Faculty of Science & Technology, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Jalifah Latip Centre of Chemical Science and Food Technology Studies, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Wisnu Nurcahyo Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Gadjah Mada University, Indonesia Shukor Md. Nor School of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Faculty of Science & Technology, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Widodo Department of Biology Education, State Islamic University Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta, Indonesia Ahmad Dwi Setyawan Department of Biology, Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia Sugiyarto Department of Biology, Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia Alfred Pakpahan Faculty of Dentistry, Trisakti University, Indonesia Charis Amarantini Faculty of Biotechnology, Christian University Duta Wacana, Indonesia Marini Ahmad Marzuki Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute Nasser Farid Muhammad Jafar Luthfi Department of Biological Education, Faculty of Tarbiyah and Education, State Islamic University Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta, Indonesia EDITORIAL BOARD: Keywords: authors; department; indonesia; islamic university; journal; manuscript; number; research; university; university sunan; yogyakarta
• Cover, Editorial Board, Guidance for Authors, & Table of Contents | Vol. 10 No. 2 October 2021 by Luthfi, Muhammad Ja'far (2021) - Hildebert Wagner Department Pharmazie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany Geoffrey A. Cordell Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA Mahanem Mat Noor School of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Faculty of Science & Technology, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Jalifah Latip Centre of Chemical Science and Food Technology Studies, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Wisnu Nurcahyo Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Gadjah Mada University, Indonesia Shukor Md. Nor School of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Faculty of Science & Technology, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Widodo Department of Biology Education, State Islamic University Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta, Indonesia Ahmad Dwi Setyawan Department of Biology, Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia Sugiyarto Department of Biology, Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia Alfred Pakpahan Faculty of Dentistry, Trisakti University, Indonesia Charis Amarantini Faculty of Biotechnology, Christian University Duta Wacana, Indonesia Marini Ahmad Marzuki Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute Nasser Farid Muhammad Jafar Luthfi Department of Biological Education, Faculty of Tarbiyah and Education, State Islamic University Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta, Indonesia EDITORIAL BOARD: Keywords: authors; department; indonesia; islamic university; journal; manuscript; number; research; university; university sunan; yogyakarta
• Clustering of 18 Local Black Rice Base on Total Anthocyanin by Kristamtini, Kristamtini; Wiranti, Endang Wisnu (2017) - Clustering dendogram shows that there were 4 groups of black rice cultivars based on the total anthocyanin content. Name of Observation or Cluster C AA AB S E Y W R D T B AF AE O AC AG AD A Average Distance Between Clusters 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300 Kristamtini & Wiranti – Clustering of 18 Local Black Rice Base on Total Anthocyanin 51 SUGGESTION Required clustering of black rice cultivars based on morphological properties to support of clustering based on the total anthocyanin content. Keywords: anthocyanin; beras; beras hitam; black; content; hitam; indonesia; rice
• Cover, Editorial Board & Guidance for Authors by Riyanto, Riyanto (2016) - Muhammad Ja’far Luthfi Department of Biology, State Islamic University Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta, Indonesia EDITORIAL BOARD: Nor School of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Faculty of Science & Technology, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Maizer Said Nahdi Department of Biology, State Islamic University Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta, Indonesia Ahmad Dwi Setyawan Department of Biology, Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia Sugiyarto Department of Biology, Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia Alfred Pakpahan Faculty of Dentistry, Trisakti University, Indonesia Charis Amarantini Faculty of Biotechnology, Christian University Duta Wacana, Indonesia Marini Ahmad Marzuki Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute DESIGN & LAYOUT: Keywords: authors; biology; department; indonesia; journal; manuscript; number; research; university
• Cover, Editorial Board & Guidance for Authors by Riyanto, Riyanto (2016) - Nor School of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Faculty of Science & Technology, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Widodo Department of Biology Education, State Islamic University Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta, Indonesia Ahmad Dwi Setyawan Department of Biology, Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia Sugiyarto Department of Biology, Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia Alfred Pakpahan Faculty of Dentistry, Trisakti University, Indonesia Charis Amarantini Faculty of Biotechnology, Christian University Duta Wacana, Indonesia Marini Ahmad Marzuki Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute DESIGN & LAYOUT: Muhammad Jafar Luthfi Department of Biology, State Islamic University Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta, Indonesia EDITORIAL BOARD: Keywords: authors; biology; department; indonesia; islamic university; journal; manuscript; research; university
• Cover, Editorial Board & Guidance for Authors by Riyanto, Riyanto (2014) - Muhammad Ja’far Luthfi Department of Biology, State Islamic University Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta, Indonesia EDITORIAL BOARD: Nor School of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Faculty of Science & Technology, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Maizer Said Nahdi Department of Biology, State Islamic University Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta, Indonesia Ahmad Dwi Setyawan Department of Biology, Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia Sugiyarto Department of Biology, Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia Alfred Pakpahan Faculty of Dentistry, Trisakti University, Indonesia Charis Amarantini Faculty of Biotechnology, Christian University Duta Wacana, Indonesia Marini Ahmad Marzuki Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute DESIGN & LAYOUT: M. Iqbal A. T. & Riyanto PUBLISHER: Keywords: biology; department; indonesia; journal; manuscript; number; research; university; yogyakarta
• Cover, Editorial Board & Guidance for Authors by Riyanto, Riyanto (2014) - Muhammad Ja’far Luthfi Department of Biology, State Islamic University Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta, Indonesia EDITORIAL BOARD: Nor School of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Faculty of Science & Technology, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Maizer Said Nahdi Department of Biology, State Islamic University Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta, Indonesia Ahmad Dwi Setyawan Department of Biology, Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia Sugiyarto Department of Biology, Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia Alfred Pakpahan Faculty of Dentistry, Trisakti University, Indonesia Charis Amarantini Faculty of Biotechnology, Christian University Duta Wacana, Indonesia Marini Ahmad Marzuki Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute DESIGN & LAYOUT: M. Iqbal A. T. & Riyanto PUBLISHER: Keywords: biology; department; indonesia; journal; manuscript; number; research; university; words
• Cover, Editorial Board & Guidance for Authors by Riyanto, Riyanto (2015) - Muhammad Ja’far Luthfi Department of Biology, State Islamic University Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta, Indonesia EDITORIAL BOARD: Nor School of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Faculty of Science & Technology, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Maizer Said Nahdi Department of Biology, State Islamic University Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta, Indonesia Ahmad Dwi Setyawan Department of Biology, Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia Sugiyarto Department of Biology, Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia Alfred Pakpahan Faculty of Dentistry, Trisakti University, Indonesia Charis Amarantini Faculty of Biotechnology, Christian University Duta Wacana, Indonesia Marini Ahmad Marzuki Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute DESIGN & LAYOUT: Keywords: department; indonesia; journal; manuscript; number; research; university; yogyakarta
• Cover, Editorial Board & Guidance for Authors by Riyanto, Riyanto (2015) - Muhammad Ja’far Luthfi Department of Biology, State Islamic University Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta, Indonesia EDITORIAL BOARD: Nor School of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Faculty of Science & Technology, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Maizer Said Nahdi Department of Biology, State Islamic University Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta, Indonesia Ahmad Dwi Setyawan Department of Biology, Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia Sugiyarto Department of Biology, Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia Alfred Pakpahan Faculty of Dentistry, Trisakti University, Indonesia Charis Amarantini Faculty of Biotechnology, Christian University Duta Wacana, Indonesia Marini Ahmad Marzuki Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute DESIGN & LAYOUT: Keywords: biology; department; indonesia; journal; manuscript; number; research; university; yogyakarta
• Taxonomic Study and Bioprospecting Indonesian Termitomyces eurrhizus by Ayu, Siti Maulyda; Mahardhika, Wahyu Aji; Putra, Ivan Permana; Nurhayat, Oktan Dwi (2025) - Termitomyces is classified in the family Lyophyllaceae, has a unique symbiosis with termites, the fruit bodies of this fungus grow to penetrate termite nests to the ground surface (Putra et al., 2020). In the previous study, the amount of ash content was higher with the amount of 11.52% / 100 g DW, the mineral content was also included with the amount of calcium 100, iron 50, magnesium 160, and potassium 2360 mg / 100 g DW (Gunasekara et al., 2021). Keywords: antibacterial; content; et al; eurrhizus; indonesia; mushrooms; termitomyces; wild

• Green Extraction of Corn Silk Flavonoids Using NADES-UAE: Optimizing Conditions for Agricultural Waste Valorization by Kwanira Gayatri, Anak Agung Sagung Intan; Rai Yadnya Putra, Anak Agung Gede; Samirana, Putu Oka (2025) - NADES-7 Choline chloride Lactic acid 1:3 NADES-8 Choline chloride Malic acid 1:1 Screening and Selection of NADES for Extraction Screening and selection of the formulated NADES as extraction solvents was conducted using ultrasonic- assisted extraction (UAE) under the following conditions: a solvent-to-solid ratio of 20:1, ultrasonic power at 100% with a frequency of 40 KHz, temperature of 60°C, and extraction time of 20 minutes. By identifying the optimal composition and ratio of NADES and optimizing UAE conditions, this study seeks to enhance the efficiency of flavonoid extraction while promoting a more sustainable and environmentally friendly approach to utilizing agricultural waste. Keywords: chloride; content; corn; doi; extraction; flavonoid; nades; silk; solvent; total; uae

• Stability Analysis of Mathematical Modeling of Interaction between Target Cells and COVID-19 Infected Cells by Sugiyanto, Sugiyanto; Hamid, Mansoor Abdul; Adianta, Alya; Jayanti, Hanny Puspha; Luthfi, Muhammad Ja'far (2021) - The stability of the equilibrium point was influenced by all parameters, i.e. target cells die during each cycle, number of target cells at 𝑡′ = 0, target cells infected during each cycle based on virion unit density, effective surface area of the network, the ratio of the number of virus particles to the number of virions, infected cells die during each cycle, the number of virus particles produced by each infected cell during each cycle, and virus particles die during each cycle. For high, moderate and low immunity, respectively, the highest number of target cells is in high, medium and low immunity, whereas for the number of infected cells and the number of Covid-19, it is in the opposite sequence of the number of target cells. Keywords: cells; 𝐴𝛼 𝑉
• Krokot Extract (Portulaca Oleracea. L) as Natural Light-harvesting pigments for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) : Influence of Dye Acidity by Nurfaizah, Cici; Krisdiyanto, Didik; Khamidinal, Khamidinal; Sudarlin, Sudarlin (2015) - Current-voltage curve for krokot extract dye sensitized solar cell in pH 6.27 (A), 5.00 (B), 4.00 (C) and 3.00 (D). Current-voltage curve for krokot extract dye sensitized solar cell in pH 6.27 (A), 5.00 (B), 4.00 (C) and 3.00 (D) after irradiated. Keywords: absorbance; cells; chlorophyll; dye; extract; krokot; layer; light; tio2
• Tapak Liman (Elephantopus scaber L) As Immunostimulant and Its Effect on Lymphocyte Differentiation in Mice BALB/C by Kelik, Marmi (2015) - Concentration of 1.0g / kg of mice showed a good effect on the increase in T helper cells (CD4 +), cytotoxic T cells (CD8 +) and Prothymosit cells (CD4 + CD8 +). Concentration of 1.0g / kg of mice showed a good effect on the increase in T helper cells (CD4 +), cytotoxic T cells (CD8 +) and Prothymocyte cells (CD4 + CD8 +). Keywords: cd4 +; cd8; cells; liman; scaber; thymus
• The Anticancer Properties of Guava Leaves (Psidium guajava L.) and Turmeric Rhizome (Curcuma longa L.) Against Breast Cancer: A Literature Study by Asiandu, Angga Puja; Sari, Widya; Sari, Septi Widiya; Majid, Alif Syahrul Abdul (2023) - The Asiandu et al. – Anticancer of Guava and Turmeric 411 mechanisms of these compounds as anticancer include inhibiting the proliferation of cancer cells and inducing apoptosis of breast cancer cells. Because of curcumin, breast cancer cells have dehydration before apoptosis. Keywords: anticancer; apoptosis; breast; breast cancer; cancer; cancer cells; cells; curcumin; dan; extract; guava; turmeric
• Effects of Ouabain in Ehrlich Tumor Development in vitro and in vivo by Salmeron, Amanda Costa Ayres; Calado, Maria Beatriz; Antunes, Mateus da Silva Matias; Silva, Gabriel Rodrigues Da; Carvalho, Deyse Cristina Madruga; Souza, Beatriz Fernandes de; Piuvezam, Márcia Regina; Rodrigues-Mascarenhas, Sandra (2023) - Ehrlich tumor cells develop ascetically when the cells are injected intraperitoneally (Fernandes et al., 2015) or solidly when the cells are injected subcutaneously or in the footpad (Bahr et al., 2015). Therefore, to gain more insights about new compounds to control tumor growth, we investigate the effects of OUA on Ehrlich tumor cells in vitro and on animal experimental models of solid and ascitic tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS Animals Female Swiss mice aged between six and eight weeks, weighing between 25 and 30 g, were used. Keywords: cancer; cells; development; ehrlich; ehrlich tumor; et al; oua; ouabain; tumor; tumor cells
• Platelet-rich plasma as an Alternative Supplement for Enhancing CD Marker Expression in Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Prianggodo, Putra Agung; Septiana, Wahyunia Likhayati; Junaidi, Helsy; Astuti, Sastia Winda (2025) - Abbreviations: platelet-rich plasma (PRP), fetal bovine serum (FBS), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), Cluster of differentiation (CD) INTRODUCTION As of yet, stem cells serve no particular purpose in the human body. The potential is the ability of stem cells to differentiate into different kinds of cells. Keywords: analysis; cells; et al; fbs; medium; mesenchymal; msc; platelet; prp; serum; stem; stem cells
• Link of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma and Epstein-Barr Virus by Sugiyanto, Sugiyanto; Aryati, Lina; Kusumo, Fajar Adi; Hardianti, Mardiah Suci (2018) - The population of nasopharyngeal cells is divided into six sub-populations, normal cells, dysplasia cells, EBV-infected cells, high dysplastic cells, invasive carcinoma cells. The mechanism of Epstein-Barr virus infection in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Keywords: barr; carcinoma; cells; ebv; epstein; virus
• Mathematical Model of Cervical Cancer Treatment Using Chemotherapy Drug by Murtono, Murtono; Ndii, Meksianis Zadrak; Sugiyanto, Sugiyanto (2019) - Keywords: Cervical cancer; infected cells; infected cells; cancer cells; chemotherapy INTRODUCTION Cervical cancer is an excessive and uncontrolled cell growth around the cervix (Walboomers et. Cervical cancer cells will develop quickly, uncontrollably, and will continue to divide and then infiltrate the surrounding t issue and continue to spread to connective tissue, blood, and attack important organs and spinal nerves. Keywords: cancer; cells; chemotherapy;  

• Antibacterial Effect of Moringa oleifera Leaves on Staphylococcus aureus Based on Different Concentration and Harvest Time by Panjaitan, Jeremia Aris; Kusumawati, R. Lia; Yunanda, Yuki; Lubis, Arvitamuriany Triyanthi (2025) - https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10112268 Pareek, A., Pant, M., Gupta, M. M., Kashania, P., Ratan, Y., Jain, V., et al. (2023). https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8091078 Jahan, S., Shahjahan, M., Rasna, S. S., Aktar, M., Sultana, S., Ahmed, S. M., et al. (2022). Keywords: concentration; extract; harvest; inhibition; oleifera; time

• Targeting H3N2 Influenza Virus RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase by Using Bioactives from Essential Oils from Eucalyptus polybrachtea, Cymbopogon citratus and Cymbopogon khasianus by Sharma, Arun Dev; Kaur, Inderjeet (2023) - INTRODUCTION Acute respiratory infections caused by influenza viruses are of great concern worldwide (Leung et al., 2017). At the same time, this virus is easily transmissible for person to person and can infect persons of any age (Leung et al., 2017). Keywords: bioactive; cymbopogon; docking; drug; et al; eucalyptol; geraniol; h3n2; influenza; leo; ligand; oil; peo; rdrp; rna; virus
• Encapsulation of Extracted Oil from Mentha piperita in Alginate Beads by Shrestha, Kriti; Kunwar, Manish; Kunwar, Alina; Pokharel, Prayan (2025) - Artemisia arborescens L essential oil loaded beads: preparation and characterization. Abstract Encapsulating essential oils derived from traditional medicinal flora within alginate beads represents an up-and-coming technique for enhancing their stability, bioavailability, and controlled release properties. Keywords: alginate; beads; drying; oil; oils; release; size

• Antibacterial Activity of Mangrove Root Extracts from Ngurah Rai Mangrove Forest, Denpasar-Bali by Wijaya, Made Dharmesti; Indraningrat, Anak Agung Gede (2021) - Antimicrobial activity of R. apiculata chloroform extracts in triplicates against S. mutans. Their study also showed that methanol, hexane, and ethanol R. apiculata root extracts have no activity against E. coli. Keywords: apiculata; extracts; hexane; mangrove; ml chloroform

• Optimization of Arabica Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) Shoot Cutting Growth Using Plastic Bottle Covers and Goat Urine Treatments by Safinah, Safinah; Darmanti, Sri; Nurchayati, Yulita (2025) - In the open cover treatment with goat urine concentration of 180 mL/L, the number of roots of Arabica coffee cuttings increased, but root length and diameter were not significantly different in all concentrations of goat urine. The experiment was arranged in a 3×3 factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD), with two factors: plastic bottle cover types (no cover, open-cap cover, and closed cover) and goat urine concentrations (0, 100, and 180 mL/L). Keywords: arabica; cover; cuttings; goat; goat urine; growth; length; number; root; shoot; urine

• GLUT4 as A Protein Target for T2DM Therapy with Natural Compounds by Sutandar, Vivi Hendra; Saleh, Mgs. Irsan; Maritska, Ziske (2023) - Insulin-induced glucose transport within fat and muscle tissue by stimulating GLUT4 increased glucose uptake (Pessin et al., 1999; Saltiel and Kahn, 2001). HBRE target PI3K/Akt and P38 MAPK/ERK which both promote GLUT4 glucose uptake. Keywords: extract; glucose; glut4; insulin; membrane; translocation; uptake
• Protective Effects of L-Carnitine on Growth and Cardiac Function in High-Glucose-Exposed Zebrafish Embryos by Fukata, Editya; Weningtyas, Anditri; Sishartami, Lintang Widya; Putri, Nuramaliah Desliani; Asfandi, Putri Kusuma C. G. R. (2025) - Effect of glucose and L-carnitine on zebrafish embryo survival and hatching. Importantly, experimental studies suggest that L-carnitine can reduce malformation rates, accelerate development, and improve larval survival rates of zebrafish embryos (Ma et al., 2020) . Keywords: carnitine; embryos; glucose; hatching; hpf; rate; survival; zebrafish

• Prevalence of Psychoactive Substance Use Among Nigerian Male Commercial Vehicle Drivers Selected from The Three Major Ethnic Groups in Nigeria by Egwuatu, Tochukwu Frank; Iroanya, Onyekachi Ogbonnaya; Adekoya, Khalid Olajide (2020) - This study showed that 25(26.04 %) of Igbo drivers used one or more drug(s) and this is lower than the findings of Aniedu and Okonkwo, (2008) who reported the prevalence of psychoactive drug use amongst taxi drivers to be 85.4 %. Prevalence of psychoactive drug use by Taxi drivers in Nigeria. Keywords: drivers; drug; groups; hausa; igbo; nigeria; prevalence; study; substance; table; use
• Prospecting Marine Natural Products as the Disease-Modifying Treatment of Alzheimer’s Diseases by Saputri, Legis Ocktaviana; Harahap, Herpan Syafii; Rivarti, Arina Windri; Zubaidi, Fitriannisa Faradina (2024) - AD therapies that have been used and approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) are acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) (such as donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine) and N-methyl- D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist (memantine), which only aim to improve AD symptoms (Li et al., 2019; Cummings et al., 2019; Kim et al., 2022). Reduce Aβ Clams - Anomalocardia brasiliana - Tivela mactroides - Donax striatus - Tapes phlippinarum Scallop Nodipecten nodosus Sand dollar Mellita quinquisperforata Crabs - Goniopsis cruentata - Ucides cordatus Cockle Cerastoderma edule Sea cucumber Acaudina molpadioides Mixture of glycosphingolipids Reduce Aβ1–42 peptide White leg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei Natural Glycosaminoglicans: - Chondroitin sulphate - Heparan sulfate - Dermatan sulphate Inhibit BACE-1 Bryozoa Bugula neritina Bryostatin-1 (Macrolide lactone) - Modulate PKCε - Keywords: alzheimer; amyloid; bace-1; disease; drug; et al; gsk-3β; hyperphosphorylation; inhibit; marine; martins; martins et; mnps; production; products; reduce; tau; therapy
• Physicochemical Characterization and Dissolution Enhancement of Mefenamic Acid–Isonicotinamide Crystalline Solid Dispersion by Indra, Indra; Apriani, Nurul; Aprillia, Ade Yeni; Wulandari, Winda Trisna; Wardani, Gatut Ari; Gustaman, Firman (2025) - Unlike amorphous solid dispersions that eliminate crystallinity, CSDs retain partial or complete crystalline order while achieving improved dissolution through spatial distribution and drug–carrier interactions (Baghel et al., 2016; A. Kumar, 2017). The progressive disappearance of these peaks with increasing co-former ratio reflects the successful formation of amorphous solid dispersions and confirms the DSC findings. Keywords: crystalline; dispersions; dissolution; drug; et al; ina; mefa; solubility
• Molecular Method Optimization to Identify Plasmodium falciparum Multidrug Resistance 1 (pfmdr1) gene as a Predictor of Antimalarial Resistance by Sulistyaningsih, Erma; Dewi, Rosita; Rachmania, Sheilla; Kusuma, Irawan Fajar; Kholifaturrohmy, Muhammad Rizqi; Armiyanti, Yunita; Kholifaturrohmah, Sakinatus Sariroh; Andriani, Made Prasanti (2025) - Antimalarial drug resistance is the ability of the Plasmodium to survive and/or multiply despite the drug's administration and absorption in equal doses or higher than the recommended, but within a tolerance of the human (Fairhurst, 2015). Detection of antimalarial drug resistance can be performed by any of three approaches, including in vivo studies to assess the efficacy of drugs in patients, in vitro/ ex vivo studies to evaluate parasite susceptibility to the drugs, and/or molecular identification to detect validated gene mutations and/or gene copy number changes that are associated with the drug resistance (Nsanzabana et al., 2018)(WHO, 2022). Keywords: drug; falciparum; gene; malaria; pcr; pfmdr1; plasmodium; resistance; study
• The Potency of Kuldon® Solution in The Healing Process of Aphthous Stomatitis by Priandini, Dewi; Pakpahan, Alfred; Amtha, Rahmi; Sulistia, Aprilia Puspita; Abrijanto, Abrijanto (2025) - Drug A has good vascularization (Ehrlich Steven, 2008, Dewi Rizna Triana, et.al, 2015) and other ingredients that play a synergistic role in causing anti-inflammatory effects so that it has a better healing effect. (Table 2; Table 3) CONCLUSIONS The Kuldon® solution demonstrates significant potency in the healing of aphthous stomatitis lesions. Keywords: day; drug; healing; herbal; kuldon; pain; patients; solution; stomatitis

• Durian Seed Flour (Durio zibethinus Murr) as an Alternative Medium for Fungal Growth by Afriani, Tika; Rahmi, Azimatur; Ramadhani, Putri Agiel; Rahmadaniah, Rahmadaniah (2025) - These fungi were grown on durian seed flour media formulated in three concentration variations, namely formulation 1 (F1) 10 grams of durian seed flour with the addition of micronutrient (zinc), formulation 2 (F2) 8 grams of durian seed flour, and formulation 3 (F3) 10 grams of durian seed flour without the addition of sugar, each dissolved in 100 mL of distilled water, then heated and stirred until homogeneous and boiling. Aspergillus niger Aspergillus niger culture was collected using a 5 mm diameter cork borer, then transferred to instant PDA and durian seed flour media and incubated at 37°C for 72 hours. Keywords: albicans; aspergillus; candida; durian; flour; growth; media; niger; pda; seed; seed flour
• Identification and Screening of Enzymatic Activity of Degrading Fungi Microplastics in Three Final Processing Sites (TPA) in the Province Lampung by Oktaviyani, Sari; Kamelia, Marlina; Ulmillah, Aulia (2025) - According to Rohmah et al., (2019) The media is homogenized on a magnetic hot plate stirrer and autoclaved at 121°C and 1- 2 atm for 20 minutes (Basarang et al., 2018). Keywords: aspergillus; brand; dan; degradation; enzymes; fungal; fungi; growth; isolates; media; microplastic; pet; polyethylene; potential; texture; tpa; zone

• Cover, Editorial Board, Guidance for Authors, & Table of Contents | Vol. 11 No. 1 April 2022 by Luthfi, Muhammad Ja'far (2022) - Authors or others are allowed to multiply article as long as not for commercial purposes. For the new invention, authors are suggested to manage its patent before published. Keywords: authors; data; journal; manuscript; number; publication; research; sentence; words
• Cover, Editorial Board & Guidance for Authors by Riyanto, Riyanto (2017) - Nor School of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Faculty of Science & Technology, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Widodo Department of Biology Education, State Islamic University Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta, Indonesia Ahmad Dwi Setyawan Department of Biology, Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia Sugiyarto Department of Biology, Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia Alfred Pakpahan Faculty of Dentistry, Trisakti University, Indonesia Charis Amarantini Faculty of Biotechnology, Christian University Duta Wacana, Indonesia Marini Ahmad Marzuki Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute DESIGN & LAYOUT: Muhammad Jafar Luthfi Department of Biology, State Islamic University Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta, Indonesia EDITORIAL BOARD: Keywords: authors; biology; department; islamic university; journal; manuscript; number; research; university
• Cover, Editorial Board & Guidance for Authors by Riyanto, Riyanto (2017) - Nor School of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Faculty of Science & Technology, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Widodo Department of Biology Education, State Islamic University Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta, Indonesia Ahmad Dwi Setyawan Department of Biology, Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia Sugiyarto Department of Biology, Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia Alfred Pakpahan Faculty of Dentistry, Trisakti University, Indonesia Charis Amarantini Faculty of Biotechnology, Christian University Duta Wacana, Indonesia Marini Ahmad Marzuki Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute DESIGN & LAYOUT: Muhammad Jafar Luthfi Department of Biology, State Islamic University Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta, Indonesia EDITORIAL BOARD: Keywords: authors; biology; department; islamic university; journal; manuscript; number; research; university

• In Vitro Evaluation of the Antibacterial Properties of Lime Mistletoe (Dendrophthoe petandra (L.) Miq.) Extract Against Escherichia coli by Savitri, Lisa; Mahardika, Juan Vega; Yanti, Novirma; Juwita, Syntia Tanu (2025) - However, comprehensive in vitro evaluations are necessary to confirm the efficacy of lime mistletoe extracts against pathogenic bacteria and to assess their potential as alternative therapeutic agents. Preparation of Extract Concentrations Extract concentrations were prepared as follows: negative control (K-) using distilled water, positive control (K+) with Cefadroxil antibiotic, and test solutions with lime mistletoe extract at concentrations of 20% (P1), 40% (P2), 60% (P3), 80% (P4), and 100% (P5). Keywords: coli; dendrophthoe; extract; inhibition; lime; mistletoe; petandra

• Alliin as a Natural Bioactive from Single Bulb Garlic (Allium sativum) for Nitric Oxide (NO) Increasing in Atherosclerotic Process Based on Insilico Screening by Ilmawati, Riza Rahayu; Amin, Ahya Zhilalikbar; Amin, Mohamad (2017) - The mechanism is related to the garlic on cholesterol metabolism (Campbell et al., 2001). Decreased levels of NO cause vasoconstriction of blood vessels and endothelial becomes more proaterogenic and proinflammation (Kuzkaya et al., 2003). Keywords: alliin; atherosclerosis; docking; garlic; nos; oxide; target

• Developing Virtual Herbarium of Sunan Kalijaga Islamic State University as a Plant Taxonomy Complementary Lab Work Material by Luthfi, Muhammad Ja’far; Riyanto, Riyanto; Widodo, Widodo (2024) - This research seeks to improve accessibility and share data (free access) for herbarium collections and is also expected to be a promotional medium for UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta to the plant taxonomy community, related to research and educational media in the field of botany, plant taxonomy and biodiversity. The admin system is used by the website manager to manage the herbarium museum website, either in the form of adding herbarium collections, editing collections that have been uploaded, or deleting them. Keywords: biology; herbarium; internet; kalijaga; research; sunan; system; website
• Table of Contents by Riyanto, Riyanto (2017) - | ISSN 2540-9328 (online) CONTENTS The Female Population Growth Projection Year 2021 in Trenggalek Regency by Leslie Matrix Model on the Birth Rate and Life Expectancy Dewi Anggreini 37 - 45 Clustering of 18 Local Black Rice Base on Total Anthocyanin Kristamtini, Endang Wisnu Wiranti 47 - 51 Vitamin C and Total Sugar Content Characterization on 31 Accessions of Banana Collection of Banana Germplasm Plants of Yogyakarta Siti Dewi Indrasari, Kristamtini, Endang Wisnu Wiranti 53 - 57 Alliin as A Natural Bioactive from Single Bulb Garlic (Allium sativum) for Nitric Oxide (NO) Increasing in Atherosclerotic Process Based on Insilico Screening Riza Rahayu Ilmawati, Ahya Zhilalikbar Amin, Mohamad Amin 59 - 62 On Designing Interactive Online Atlas of Reptile Anatomy (Mabouya multifacsiata) Muhammad Jafar Luthfi, Riyanto 63 - 68 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Volume 6 – Number 2 – 2017 ISSN 2089-6514 (paper) Keywords: biology

• A Physical Chemistry Study of Black Powder Materials by Solution Combustion Synthesis Method by Hidayanti, Fitria; Lestari, Kiki R.; Sujani, Nano; Raharjo, Jarot (2021) - In addition, Figure 10 shows the EDS spectrum for black powder samples with a temperature variation of 70 ºC containing the composition of the elements Ni, La and O. with each relative mass of the element at the first observation point (Figure 10a), namely Ni of 56.3%, element La is 24.8%, and element O is 18.9%. The characteristic vibration peaks for stretching N = O also appear at 1649, 1646, and 1640 cm-1 respectively in black powder samples 60, 70, and 80 ºC which were previously shifted at wave number 1634 cm- 1 in the forming material (Lanthanum Nitrate Hexahydrate). Keywords: analysis; eds; element; figure; magnification; nickel; point; powder; powder sample; sample; synthesis; temperature
• Effect of Essential Oil of Tejpat, Black Pepper, and Cardamom as a Natural Food Preservatives for Sweet Orange (Citrus sinensis) Juice by Paudel, Sagar Mani; Thagunna, Bishal; Khadka, Deepa; Baral, Rashmi; Thapa, Deepa (2025) - It has been observed that the juice sample infused with black pepper essential oil demonstrated superior preservation of TSS, pH and acidity compared to the other variants. The juice sample infused with black pepper essential oil demonstrated superior preservation of TSS compared to the other variants. Keywords: count; food; juice; oils; orange; pepper; sample; storage

• Effect of Modified Kimpul Flour Substitution and Glycerol Monostearate Concentration on The Physicochemical and Sensory Properties of Sweet Bread by Setianingsih, Siti Nurlaela; Ujianti, Rizky Muliani Dwi; Muflihati, Iffah; Nurdyansyah, Fafa; Novita, Mega; Paramita, Diva Julia; Nofitasari, Shindi; Anggarini, Dola Mareta; Annajah, Abdillah Fathan Generus (2025) - This study aimed to evaluate the effect of substituting wheat flour with heat moisture treated (HMT) kimpul flour and the addition of glycerol monostearate (GMS) on the physicochemical and sensory properties of sweet bread. As shown in Table 1, the moisture content increased with higher substitution of kimpul flour. Keywords: bread; content; flour; food; gms; kimpul; kimpul flour; substitution; wheat

• The Association Between Some Endocrine Conditions and COVID-19: A Review by Smail, Harem Othman (2022) - The development and progress of COVID-19 patients could be affected but not yet approved by all the studies. Furthermore, in COVID-19 patients with diabetes, the risk of mortality was found to be substantially higher relative to COVID-19 patients without diabetes, with a pooled risk ratio of 1.61 (95% CI: 1.16–2.25%), p = 0.005 (Hussain et al., 2020). Keywords: covid-19; diabetes; disease; et al; hypertension; mellitus; obesity; patients; research; risk
• Identification of Fingerprint Pattern and Lip Print Pattern in Females of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus as a Biomarker by Smail, Harem Othman; Ahmad, Renas Hama; Jalal, Eman Ibrahim (2024) - Lip pattern types. However, there is a clear association between lip print pattern and diabetes mellitus type 2, and it can be used as a specific biomarker. Keywords: diabetes; fingerprint; grooves; lip; patterns; type

• Investigating Genetic Vulnerability to Environmental Exposures and Associated Lung Diseases: A Bioinformatics Study by Farid, Muhammad; Rastrani, Ardestya; Yuska, Shaldhan Bayu (2025) - This study aims to identify genetic variants, specifically Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs), that may increase the risk of lung diseases using a bioinformatics approach. These findings suggest that genetic variations, particularly in PSMB8, may contribute to individual susceptibility to lung diseases induced by environmental exposures. Keywords: analysis; diseases; et al; exposures; expression; gene; lung; psmb8; snps; tissue
• siRNAs targeting icaD Gene of Staphylococcus aureus to Inhibit Biofilm Formation: Structural Analysis and Efficacy by Sulistina, Dinda Ananda; Praja, Rian Ka; Anugerahny, Margaretha Yayu Indah; Hanasia, Hanasia; Ysrafil, Ysrafil (2025) - With the advancement of bioinformatics technology, the analysis of siRNA structure and efficacy has become easier. siDirect provides functional siRNA designs by considering the relationship between siRNA sequences and RNAi activity, and it also calculates potential gene candidates that do not match the target. Keywords: analysis; aureus; binding; biofilm; gene; icad; mrna; sirna; structure; target

• Determination of Oil Quality and Antifungal Effect of Selected Citronella Accessions (Cymbopogon nardus, Cymbopogon winterianus) to Formulate an Anti-Dandruff Shampoo by Wijerathna, Rathnayaka Mudiyanselage Nipuni; Wijeweera, Achini Anuradha; Wijethunga, Anushi Madushani; Mapa, Mapa Mudiyanselage Sumudu Tharangani (2023) - The well of the medium was filled with 20 μL of Citronella oil shampoo. The 80% Ethanol was used to determine the ethanol solubility of Citronella oil samples at 20 ℃. Keywords: accessions; antifungal; ceylon citronella; citronella accessions; citronella oil; content; hp t3; java; java citronella; mp t1; oil hp; oil samples; samples; shampoo; table
• Prevalence of Enterobacteriaceae Producing Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) in Broiler Meat (Gallus domesticus) Sold in Regional Markets of West Surabaya by Risnanda, Kadek Rio; Masfufatun, Masfufatun; Listyawati, Agusniar Furkani; Kuntaman, Kuntaman; Sudibya, Akhmad (2023) - The population in this study was broiler chicken meat taken from broiler traders in several markets in West Surabaya which had met the inclusion and exclusion criteria with a large sample of 50 samples. Based on the data and research results obtained above, the researchers wanted to examine the prevalence of Enterobacteriaceae family bacteria such as E. coli producing ESBL in broiler chicken meat (Gallus Domesticus) sold in West Surabaya market in the hope of knowing whether the consumption of broiler chickens contaminated with bacteria can affect the percentage of Indonesian people who are resistant to antibiotics due to the high E. coli bacteria in broiler chicken meat. Keywords: beta; broiler; chicken; enterobacteriaceae; esbl; markets; meat; samples; spectrum; surabaya

• The Roles of the Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization (FISH) and Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH) Techniques in the Detection of the Breast Cancer by Smail, Harem Othman (2022) - That specific genetic modification is preserved in breast cancer cell lines despite repeated passage through tissue culture (Climent et al., 2007). Differences and homologies of chromosomal alterations within and between breast cancer cell lines: a clustering analysis. Keywords: breast; breast cancer; cancer; cell; chromosome; dna; fish; fluorescence; genomic; hybridization; molecular; probe; situ

• Substitution and Haplotype Diversity Analysis on The Partial Sequence of The Mitochondrial DNA Cyt b of Indonesian Swamp Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) by Sukri, Akhmad; Amin, Mohamad; Winaya, Aris; Gofur, Abdul (2015) - The same thing happened in this research as there 7 16 20 22 28 31 43 47 60 64 67 73 76 84 94 10 1 11 5 12 1 12 7 13 4 14 1 14 6 14 8 15 0 15 1 15 7 16 3 16 6 16 7 16 9 17 2 17 7 17 9 18 6 18 8 19 0 19 3 20 6 21 1 21 4 22 0 22 3 22 6 23 0 23 1 23 3 23 7 24 1 25 1 25 3 25 6 25 9 26 6 27 0 27 7 28 0 28 3 28 6 29 5 30 5 30 7 Syncerus caffer C T T C C A A T T T C A T C T G A T C T G C C G C G C C . Keywords: base; bubalus; c base; c c; dna; g c; g g; gene; t c; t g; t t
• Comparison of detergent and CTAB method for isolation of DNA from Salak ( Salacca zalacca (Gaert.) Voss. ‘Pondoh’) by Arfa, Namira Nur; Daryono, Budi Setiadi; Reflinur, Reflinur (2018) - DNA isolation method was chose based on some consideration, such as amount and the molecular weight, purity, time, species and the cost. DNA isolation methods are of several types, such as simple methods using detergents, Nucleon ™ Phytopure ™ Genomic DNA Extraction Kit method and CTAB (Cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide) method. Keywords: buffer; ctab; detergent; dna; dna isolation; electrophoresis; isolation; method; minutes; pcr; pondoh; salacca; salak; solution
• Cover, Editorial Board, Guidance for Authors, & Table of Contents by Riyanto, Riyanto (2018) - Namira Nur Arfa, Budi Setiadi Daryono, Reflinur 15 - 20 Physiological response of 'Segreng' rice plant (Oryza sativa L.) to biogas sludge at Wukirsari Village, Cangkringan, Sleman Dwi Umi Siswanti, Sudjino, Nindy Senissia Asri, Mifta Arlinda, Arianda Poetri Shofia Rochman, Akrima Syahidah 21 - 26 Quercetin: the bioactive compound from Allium cepa L. as anti-inflammation based on in silico screening Mohamad Amin, Kurniawan Setia Putra, Ihya Fakhrurizal Amin, Nanda Earlia, Dina Maulina, Betty Lukiati, Umie Lestari 27 - 31 COVER JURNAL BIOMENAPROCHY | ISSN 2540-9328 (online) CONTENTS Leukocytes description of Mudskipper (Periophthalmodon schlosseri) of Barito River Estuary, Desa Tanipah, Kalimantan Selatan Heri Budi Santoso, Hidayaturrahmah, Muhamat 1 - 4 Stability of T-DNA integration in Phalaenopsis “Sogo Vivien” transgenic orchid carrying 35S::Gal4::AtRKD4::GR Endang Semiarti, Exsyupransia Mursyanti, Ahmad Suyoko, Faiza Senja Widya Perdana, Catharina Tri Widyastuti, Aditya Nur Subchan 5 - 13 Comparison of detergent and CTAB method for isolation of DNA from Salak (Salacca zalacca (Gaert.) Keywords: dna; issn

• An Overview of The Total Leukocyte Count in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients at RSUD Gambiran Kediri City by Fitri, Devi Nor; Savitri, Lisa; Krissanjaya, Rochmad; Kasimo, Elfred Rinaldo (2024) - After determining the average increase in leukocyte count based on gender, the next step was to determine the average increase in leukocyte count based on age groups of pulmonary tuberculosis patients. The purpose of this study was to determine the total leukocyte count of pulmonary tuberculosis patients at RSUD Gambiran, Kediri City, based on gender and age. Keywords: age; count; gambiran; kediri; leukocyte; patients; pulmonary; rsud; tuberculosis
• Identification of Marbofloxacin-Susceptible Bacterial Uropathogens in Feline Urinary Tract Infection of Different Age Groups by Udasmara, Sekarani Arifah; Retnaningrum, Endah (2024) - Enumeration and identification of uropathgoens from urine samples of feline UTI patients were was conducted through the urine culture on EMB, MSA, and BHI medium followed by an IMViC test and inoculation to the Mueller-Hinton agar to observe the zone of inhibition. catheter-associated urinary tract infection, UTI: Urinary tract infections, FIC: Keywords: cats; doi; enterobacter; et al; infection; klebsiella; klebsiella spp; marbofloxacin; patients; spp; staphylococcus spp; tract; urine; uropathogens; uti
• Correlation of BMP2 with Degree of Osteitisin Primary CRS with and without nasal Polyps by Handoko, Edi; Santoso, David; Maharani, Iriana; P.W, Yuyun Yueniwati; Agustina, Tanti (2025) - However, no research has shown a relationship between BMP-2 concentration and osteitis degree, as measured by GOSS, in CRS patients with or without nasal polyps. Currently, no studies have directly examined the relationship between BMP-2 levels and the degree of osteitis measured using GOSS in CRS patients with and without nasal polyps. Keywords: bmp-2; bone; chronic; crs; goss; nasal; osteitis; patients; polyps; rhinosinusitis

• Fiber Concentration on Fermentation of Cleome Gynandra L Based on Storage Time and Solvent Change by Restusari, Lily; Dewi, Ayu Komala; Elisanti, Alinea Dwi (2023) - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Results explain fiber content in CGL fermentation (Joruk Maman) base on storage time and solvent change and difference fiber concentration (Figure 2-3; Table 1-9). Description of fiber content of Joruk Maman base on storage time. Keywords: cgl; content; day; fermentation; fiber; maman; solvent; storage; temperature; time
• A Stability Mathematical Model of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma on Cellular Level by Sugiyanto, Sugiyanto; Kusumo, Fajar Adi; Aryati, Lina; Hardianti, Mardiah Suci (2016) - For this case II: In the second case of this sub-population: high dysplastic lesion cells and invansive carcinoma cells is zero. I dt      (4) 5 5 H H H H dD a D eI mD d Keywords: carcinoma; day;  

• Modified Alizarin Red S-Alcian Blue Staining for Reptilian Skeleton by Luthfi, Muhammad Ja’far (2016) - Inouye was the first researcher who successfully use staining methods for bone and cartilage at once with satisfactory result. Keywords: Skeleton, Alizarin Red S, Alcian Blue, Reptilia, Double-staining Introduction Skeleton are supporting system for vertebrate body. Keywords: figure; red; skeleton; staining
• Alizarin Red S-Alcian Blue Staining for Regenerated tail of Common House Gecko (Hemidactylus frenatus) by Rakhmiyati, Rakhmiyati; Luthfi, Muhammad Ja’far (2018) - Bone of original tail; (B). Tail regeneration and other phenomena of wound healing and tissue restoration in lizards. Keywords: blue; frenatus; gecko; red; tail

• Cardiotoxicity Effects of Herbal Medicine, A Review Article by Gavanji, Shahin (2022) - https://doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2015- 209333 Christenhusz, M. J. M., & Byng, J. W. (2016). According to a study, a 60-year-old man who consumed A. carmichaeli to treat his headache encountered aconitine poisoning which lead to myocardial necrosis (Lin et al. 2011). Keywords: cardiotoxicity; effects; et al; family; heart; journal; medicine; research; review; study; treat

• b-Glucan Comparison in the Mushrooms of Medicinal Fungal Species by Totowiputro, Dicky Kurniawan; Sargowo, Djanggan; Tjokroprawiro, Askandar; Rifa'i, Muhaimin (2024) - Generally, the raw content of A. blazei mushrooms can be classified into polysaccharide and non- polysaccharide fractions, including water (90%), protein (2–40%), fat (2–8%), carbohydrates (1–55%), fiber (3– 32%) and ashes (8–10%) (containing minerals, vitamins, etc.) Critical review on chemical compositions and health-promoting effects of mushroom Agaricus blazei Murill. Keywords: agaricus; blazei; content; et al; glucan; medicine; mushrooms

• Proximate and Mineral Composition of Atlantic Mackerel (Scomber scombrus) and Atlantic Horse Mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) by Sanni, Joseph Adaviruku; Sanni, Grace Omayoza; Awoniyi, Rufus Ranmilowo; Osanyinlusi, Remi; Richards, Yvonne Ego (2023) - Results for Scomber scombrus shows the mean value of the moisture, ash, crude fat, crude fiber, and crude protein contents in percent (%) as: 5.26±0.00, 5.20±0.10, 35.60±0.00, 2.90±0.10 and 46.30±0.01 respectively. This research determined the nutritional composition of the local dried fish, Scomber scombrus and Trachurus trachurus. Keywords: composition; content; fish; scomber; scombrus; trachurus; trachurus trachurus
• Comparative Anatomy and Histology of Black Pomfret (Formio niger) and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Kidney by Apriliani, Nurul Safitri; Luthfi, Muhammad Jafar (2017) - Nile tilapia has darker red colour and softer texture than black pomfret kidney. Black pomfret kidney has a deep red color and has a soft kidney texture (Karl, 1962). Keywords: fish; kidney; niger; nile; pomfret; tilapia

• In Silico BCell Epitope Design of Zika Virus Vaccine Using “Zika Virus Isolate Zika Virus/H sapiensTc/Tha/2006/CVD_06020 Complete Genome” by Savitri, Lisa; Juwita, Syntia Tanu; Antoro, Ester Lianawati; Wulansari, Ida Septika; Sukmawati, Datin An Nisa; Freitas, João Gregório; Ornai, Andre Mario Sequeira Alves (2023) - McCoy, et al., 14; Safari, et al., 2015) and Zika virus (ZIKV) in 2016. Savitri et al. – Keywords: cell; epitope; et al; health; infection; mutation; non; peptide; vaccine; virus; zika; zika virus; zikv
• The Impact of Social Media Addiction on Adolescent Mental Health in Ambon City, Indonesia by Noya, Josephus; Lameky, Vernando Yanry (2025) - Relationship between age, gender, frequency of learning, duration of social media use, type of social media with mental health. Regarding the duration of social media use, more respondents used social media for more than three hours per day, indicating that most adolescents had intense social media exposure. Keywords: adolescents; age; et al; health; impact; media; media use; research; study; use

• Synthesis, Characterization, and Micellar Behavior of Amphiphilic Chitosan Bearing Sulfate and Anisaldehyde Imine Groups by Herayati, Herayati; Wahyuningrum, Deana; Bima, Damar Nurwahyu; Sari, Indah Puspita (2025) - For instance, Sharma et al. (2017) synthesized amphiphilic chitosan derivatives by grafting stearic acid onto the chitosan backbone, demonstrating their ability to form nanomicelles to deliver nonviral gene (Sharma & Singh, 2017). Anisaldehyde (Merck, Germany) was utilized for synthesizing amphiphilic chitosan derivatives. Keywords: anisaldehyde; chitosan; derivatives; groups; hydrophobic; nmr; ratio; sulfate

• A Simple Technique for Rapid Assessment of Rat (Rattus norvegicus) Sperm Motility by Luthfi, Muhammad Ja'far; Noor, Mahanem Mat (2021) - Keywords: sperm quality; sperm motility; rat; haemocytometer. These three components (sperm motility, sperm count, and sperm morphology) compose of sperm quality (Perreault & Cancel 2001). Keywords: assessment; chamber; counting; haemocytometer; motility; rat; sperm
• A Simple and Practical Method for Rat Epididymal Sperm Count (Rattus norvegicus) by Luthfi, Muhammad Ja’far (2015) - Keywords: sperm quality, sperm number, sperm count, haemocytometer Introduction Rat is the most widely used testing animal in reproductive biology for several reasons. To obtain the concentration of sperm per nL, average of sperm number of both chamber was divided by 100, to obtain the numbers 3 x 106 sperm per mL of sperm suspension. Keywords: chamber; counting; haemocytometer; number; sperm
• Study of Sperm Utilization in Female Drosophila melanogaster of bdp and btx Strains by Savitri, Lisa; Ihsan, Kharisul; Kasimo, Elfred Rinaldo; Krissanjaya, Rochmad (2025) - Cross type V (♀btx × ♂btx) with a second male resulted in F1 offspring with btx and N phenotypes. Cross type VIII (♀btx × ♂btx) yielded btx, tx, and N phenotypes, with btx being dominant. Keywords: bdp; btx; sperm; × ♂; ♂ b

• Production and Optimization of Pectinase from Pectinolytic Fungi Cultivated on Mango peels and Pectin Subjected to Submerged Fermentation by Mulluye, Kelemu; Kebede, Ameha; Bussa, Negussie (2021) - This study was conducted with the aim of isolation of efficient pectinase producing pectinolytic fungi from the decomposing mango peels using extracted mango peels pectin as a growth substrate under submerged fermentation, determining optimum pectinase production conditions with regards to some physicochemical parameters. Effect of incubation period on enzyme production. Keywords: enzyme; fermentation; mango; pectinase; peels; production; temperature
• Krokot (Portulaca oleracea L) As a Natural Sensitizer for TiO2 Dye-sensitized Solar Cells: The Effect of Temperature Extract by Mufidah, Reyza Anni; Khamidinal, Khamidinal; Sedyadi, Endaruji; Krisdiyanto, Didik (2015) - The result of the UV-Vis shows that the absorption of wave-length from dye extract of krokot is located in the visible region with the absorbance peak in 420.5 nm and 665.5 nm which are the peak of chlorophyll. The working-electrode which is TiO2 layer on an ITO glass substrate is sensitized with krokot dye as the electron donor. Keywords: dye; extract; krokot; layer; temperature; tio2; ° c
• Determination of Leisure Levels of Village Patronage UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta: Improving Governance Patronage towards Rural Green Village and Environmentally Friendly by Supriatna, Supriatna; Niyartama, Thaqibul Fikri; Kuswidi, Iwan (2016) - Determination of Leisure Levels of Village Patronage UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta … 17 Description: Horizontal axis : Temperature Humidity Index (THI) : Uncomfortable : Very uncomfortable Figure 1. Tel. +62-274-540971, Fax. +62-274-519739 Author correspondency1: soepriatna@yahoo.co.id Abstract This study took place in the village of Patronage UIN Sunan Kalidjaga Yogyakarta that consist of 13 hamlets (Klidon, Banjarsari, Wonosalam, Dongkelsari, Puntuk, Tanjung Sari, Karang Lo, Purworejo, Tanjung, Banturejo, Nglengkong and Surirejo), Sukoharjo Village, District Ngaglik, DIY Sleman regency. Keywords: comfort; humidity; level; temperature; village; yogyakarta

• Isolation of b-Cyclodextrin Gycosyl Transferase (b-CGTase) Producing Bacteria from Potato Plantation Soil by Kurniadi, Helman; Sagita, Desi; Hartesi, Barmi (2024) - Characterization of the incubation time of enzymes on CGTase activity The characterization of enzyme incubation time was conducted to determine the optimal time for the enzyme to catalyze starch and form CD. Characterization of enzyme incubation time on CGTase activity This characterization was carried out in order to obtain the optimum incubation time for the enzyme that reacts with starch to produce β-CD. Keywords: cgtase; cyclodextrin; enzyme; incubation; isolate; time

• Echinoderms Diversity and Abundance in Gunung Kidul Beach Yogyakarta by Supriyati, Hikmah; K, Setyawati Dwi; Ahzami, Ahzami; Sodiq, Farhani; Khoiriyah, Septiana (2019) - Calculation of echinonderm abundance index shows that the Drini beach location has a high abundance value when compared to the abundance value at the Krakal beach loc ation. No Species Krakal Beach Drini Beach 1 Ophiotrix sp 594 876 2 Echinometra sp 58 85 3 Holothuria sp 1 0 4 Crinoidea 1 0 Based on the results of research conducted there were 4 types of species found on Krakal beach. Keywords: abundance; beach; beaches; coast; diversity; drini; echinoderms; krakal

• Effect of Female Age on Crossing Over Frequency in Drosophila melanogaster Crosses N x bcl and N x ym and Their Reciprocals by Savitri, Lisa; Kasimo, Elfred Rinaldo; Krissanjaya, Rochmad; Juwita, Syntia Tanu; Antoro, Ester Lianawati; Wulansari, Ida Septika (2023) - Based on the results of these crosses, the derived strains that appeared in the F2 crosses showed the phenomenon of crossing over with the influence of the age of the female and the type of strain on crossing events. Based on the results of these crosses, the derived strains that appeared in the F2 crosses showed the phenomenon of crossing over with the influence of the age of the female and the type of strain on crossing events. Keywords: age; bcl; crossing; days; female; frequency

• Synergistic Anti-Biofilm Activity of Klanceng Honey and Probiotics against Candida albicans by Setiawan, Budhi; Masfufatun, Masfufatun; Tjandra, Lusiani; Ishartadiati, Kartika (2025) - This trend was observed for Manuka honey (56.19% and 79.73% reduction for 4:1:3 and 2:1:5 vs. 48.54% for 5:1:2), Melifera honey (80.96% and 80.43% reduction for 4:1:3 and 2:1:5 vs. 72.30% for 5:1:2), and Klanceng honey (75.64% and 74.88% reduction for 4:1:3 and 2:1:5 vs. 53.95% for 5:1:2). Although the results indicate that Melifera honey demonstrated the highest inhibition of Candida albicans biofilm formation at the 5:1:2 ratio (90.52% reduction), Klanceng honey remains a primary focus due to its unique attributes and broader implications for antifungal therapy. Keywords: albicans; biofilm; candida; formation; honey; klanceng; yogurt

• In-Ovo Antiviral Activity of Hibiscus sabdariffa against Newcastle Disease Virus by Abaka, AbdulAzeez Mumsiri; Hamuel, James Doughari; Abdullahi, Tukur Baba; Abubakar, Keta Biman (2024) - Virus Dilution Number of dead Number of Alive Cumulative Dead Cumulative Alive Proportion Dead total Percentage % Mortality 10-6 5 0 15 0 15/15 100 10-7 5 0 10 0 10/10 100 10-8 4 1 5 1 5/6 83 10-9 1 4 1 5 1/6 16.6 10-10 0 5 0 10 0/10 0 308 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry 13 (1), 2024: 305-310 Antiviral assay of H. sabdariffa against Newcastle Disease Virus Table 4 shows the therapeutic potential of the methanol extract from H. sabdariffa calyx. The administration of H. sabdariffa extract presents a promising and healthier approach to mitigating NDV infection, positioning it as a potential therapeutic agent for Newcastle disease treatment. Keywords: antiviral; calyx; disease; extract; newcastle; sabdariffa; virus

• Comparative Cough Suppression of Chitosan Crab Extract of Uca tangeri and Dihydrocodeine by Isirima, Joshua Charles; Uahomo, Precious Ojo (2023) - 200 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry 12 (1), 2023: 197-203 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Bronchoconstriction is significant in cough induction since the process stimulates intrapulmonary rapidly adapting receptor (RAR), a type of cough receptor to cause or enhance the sensitivity of the cough (Pavord, 2004). The effect produced by Uca tangeri extract was similar to that of dihydrocodeine, hence a similar assumption could be made for the Uca tangeri extract. Keywords: animals; cough; dihydrocodeine; dose; extract; hours; latency; percentage; saline; tangeri; uca; uca tangeri

• Isolation and Characterization of Constituents from The Extracts of Momordica angustisepala Aerial Parts by Hamid, Abdulmumeen Amao; Egharevba, Godshelp Osas; Issa, Shuab Bolaji; Olalere, Oluwafeyikemi Mercy; Akinloye, Bukunmi Temitope; Yakub, Yakub Tunde (2025) - This study was designed to isolate (using chromatography) and to characterize the constituents of M. angustisepala extracts using 1H and 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy. Octadecane (1), tetradec-5-enoic acid (2), 1,2,3-propanetriyl (8Z,11’Z,14”Z)tris(-8,11,14- eicostrienoate) (3), methyl oleana-5,12,15-trienoate-3β-acetate (4) and 1,2,3-propanetriyl (9Z,12’Z,15”Z)tris(-9,12,15-uneicostrienooate) (5) are the compounds obtained from the extracts of M. angustisepala aerial parts using proton and 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR). Keywords: atoms; carbons; compound; hydrogen; methyl; nmr

• Brittle Bone Brothers: Osteogenesis Imperfecta Conventional Serial Case by Darmawan, Marsha Ruthy; Maharani, Elysanti Dwi (2021) - Here we report three cases of OI type IV in adults. Here we present three cases of OI type IV in one family of three brothers in their 40s and the only adults with OI in our hospital. Keywords: bone; collagen; type

• Vitamin C and Total Sugar Content Characterization on 31 Accessions of Banana Collection of Banana Germplasm Plants of Yogyakarta by Indrasari, Siti Dewi; Kristamtini, Kristamtini; Wiranti, Endang Wisnu (2017) - The content of vitamin C and total sugar are an important character to complete the morphological characterization of banana accession that can be utilized by breeders in choosing accession as parent. High standard deviation values indicate the large diversity of banana accessions that were characterized, indicating that the accessions of each characterized banana were separate accessions of one another. Keywords: accessions; banana; content; kepok; mas; raja; sugar; vitamin

• The Influence of Strain Type and Female Age on the Receptivity of Female Drosophila melanogaster in Homogamous Crosses by Savitri, Lisa; Ihsan, Kharisul; Krissanjaya, Rochmad; Kasimo, Elfred Rinaldo (2025) - This study employs a quantitative descriptive design, aiming to determine the effect of strain type and female age on the receptivity of female D. melanogaster. This aligns with Manning's (1967) statement in Feng (2010), which indicates that female D. melanogaster become receptive at 24–40 hours after eclosion. Keywords: age; female; melanogaster; offspring; receptivity; strain

• Table of Contents by Riyanto, Riyanto (2016) - Starch Edible Film and its application in Red Grape Storage Time Erni Widyastuti, Endaruji Sedyadi, Susy Yunita Prabawati 55 - 59 A Stability Mathematical Model of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma on Cellular Level Sugiyanto, Fajar Adi Kusumo, Lina Aryati, Mardiah Suci Hardianti 61 - 64 Addition on Its Mechanical Properties Endaruji Sedyadi, Syafiana Khusna Aini, Dewi Anggraini, Dian Prihatiningtias Ekawati 33 - 40 Optimization of Binocular Microscope with Micro Digital Camera for Measuring Seminiferous Tubules Epithelium Height Sutriyono 41 - 47 Histological Study of Common House Gecko (Hemidactylus frenatus) Regenerated Tail Rakhmiyati, Muhammad Jafar Luthfi 49 - 53 Effect of Addition of Soursop Leaf Extract to Ganyong (Canna edulis Ker.) Keywords: starch

• A Mathematical Model of the Covid-19 Cases in Indonesia (Under and Without Lockdown Enforcement) by Sugiyanto, Sugiyanto; Abrori, Muchammad (2020) - 2d Natural death rates are not due to COVID-19 infected subpopulation. 3d Natural death rates are not due to COVID-19 recovery subpopulation. Keywords: covid-19; people; recovery; subpopulation

• Utilization of QR Code Technology in Population Management and Identification of Cattle in Sindue District, Central Sulawesi by Mujayin, Yudi; Hauris, Hauris; Fakhirah, Fitrah; Pratiwi, Alda (2025) - The results showed that farmers' perceptions of QR barcode technology fell into the Quite Agree category, with a total score of 398. Indicator Response category Score Frecuency of farmers Total Percentage (%) Farmers’ understanding of QR barcode Highly Understand 3 16 48 24.25 Understand 2 35 70 53.03 Do Not Understand 1 15 15 22.72 Subtotal 45 135 100 Farmers’ understanding of the benefits of using QR barcode Highly Understand 3 45 135 68.19 Understand 2 21 42 31.81 Do Not Understand 1 0 0 0 Subtotal 66 177 100 Based on Table 4, the results indicate that farmers in Sindue District, Donggala Regency, “agree” in terms of their knowledge of QR barcode technology. Keywords: barcode; data; district; education; farmers; livestock; management; recording; technology
• Digital Anthropometer Development for Improving the Measurement Quality of Human Body Dimensions by Kusuma, Trio Yonathan Teja; Wirabhuana, Arya; Yusuf, Faurosi Syafa’atul (2019) - The development plan for current application is to improve quality of measurement by testing ability of current application process and developing application to see the improvement in the application process capability. The results obtained with 30 samples that have a value of process capability (Cp) is 0.26. Keywords: application; capability; data; distance; measurement; process; 𝐶𝑝𝑘

• A Discovery and Characteristics Description of Telosma puberula (Asclepiadoideae) in Mount Gedang Atas and Mount Ijo, Baturagung Mountain Yogyakarta by Widodo, Widodo (2015) - Based on the writer’s knowledge, there are no further information or study about Telosma accedens and Telosma puberula in Indonesia after Backer and Bakhuizen (1965: 273), Hooker (1885: 38) and Blume (1836). Information about Telosma puberula is very limited. Keywords: accedens; author; flower; herbarium; java; mnhn; mount; puberula; specimen; telosma

• Computational Chemical Study of Pigment of Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) Rind Extract as Dye Compound in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) by Krisdiyanto, Didik; Sudarlin, Sudarlin; Supriyati, Hikmah (2021) - INTRODUCTION Research on dye compounds for DSSC (Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell) has been widely carried out, but synthetic dyes' efficiency is still higher than natural dyes, which are only ~ 1%. This corresponds to the high mullicen charge of O-4 atoms, thus strengthening the reason that TiO2 semiconductors tend to bond to O-4 atoms, both to α-mangostin and β-mangostin. Keywords: dssc; dye; electrons; energy; figure; mangostin; semiconductor; tio2
• Table of Contents by Riyanto, Riyanto (2015) - Muhammad Ja'far Luthfi 1 - 3 The Phytoestrogenic Potential of Yam Bean (Pachyrhizus erosus) on Ovarian and Uterine Tissue Structure of Premenopausal Mice Cicilia Novi Primiani 5 - 9 The Effect of Intensive Keramba on the Presence of Parasite Organisms in Rivers of Lingsar Area Supriadi, Maratun Janah 11 - 15 Krokot Extract (Portulaca Oleracea. Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Volume 4 – Number 1 – 2015 ISSN 2089-6514 CONTENTS A Simple and Practical Method for Rat Epididymal Sperm Count (Rattus norvegicus) Keywords: dye
• Novel Approaches for Detection Fluorescent-Labeled by Cellvizio Lab System on Hippocampal CA1 Region by Shaimi, Asma Ulhusna; Aasim, Wan Raihana Wan; Abdullah, Hasmah; Choon, Tan Soo; Wei, Ang Chee; Ismail, Zalina (2019) - Conjugation between Alexa Fluor dye and antibodies were given exceptionally bright and most photostable (Panchuk-Voloshina et al., 1999). The stability to pH of Alexa Fluor dye was monitored by measuring their absorption spectra in buffers at pH 4-9. Keywords: alexa; alexa fluor; antibody; cellvizio; dheas; dye; ffm; fluorescence; imaging; labelling; system

• Application of Carbon Nanodots from Cocoa Husk Waste to Improve the Mechanical Properties of Cellulose-Carrageenan-Based Biodegradable Films by Fadila, Fitri Nuraini; Fadhallah, Esa Ghanim; Zuidar, Ahmad Sapta; Setiawan, Teguh; Triyoga, Gustaf; Syahar, Jihan Allya; Ashari, Hersan Pratama; Regitha, Precillia; Khanifadin, Fathan; Aisyah, Wulan Nur; Meranda, Dea; Andini, Zaskia Rahma (2025) - The results showed that the average size of cocoa husk CDs was 997 nm, and the absorbance peak was detected at 298 nm, validating that the CDs had been successfully synthesized with blue light emission. The research stages include the isolation of cocoa husk cellulose, CDs synthesis, CDs characterization, biodegradable film preparation, and characterization of the mechanical properties of biodegradable films. Keywords: carbon; cds; cellulose; cocoa; elongation; films; husk; mpa; nanodots; properties; strength; tensile; waste

• A Simple Method for Clearing and Staining Specimens for The Demonstration of Animal Skeleton by Luthfi, Muhammad Ja’far; Soesilo, Nyoman Puniawati (2019) - The aim of the research was to develop clearing and staining method of animal skeleton specimen using Alizarin Red S-Alcian Blue as teaching aid tool. The method described in this article is a procedure for clearing and staining animal skeleton specimens using Alizarin Red S-Alcian Blue as a tool in teaching the skeletal system. Keywords: figure; science; skeleton; specimens; structure; students; tail; vertebrae

• Laboratory Detection of Toenail Onychomycosis Using Malt Extract Agar in Students by Savitri, Lisa; Ihsan, Kharisul; Kasimo, Elfred Rinaldo (2025) - KOH microscopy detected fungal elements in 59.2% of specimens, while MEA culture yielded growth in 63.3%. Onychomycosis is prevalent among university students, with MEA culture providing superior diagnostic yield compared to KOH microscopy alone. Keywords: culture; koh; mea; microscopy; onychomycosis; study

• On Designing Interactive Online Atlas of Reptile Anatomy (Mabouya multifacsiata) by Luthfi, Muhammad Jafar; Riyanto, Riyanto (2017) - Original images organ Mabouya multifasciata on website system. The fourth step was system testing; there are 2 (two) tests conducted, namely alpha testing conducted directly by the research team about the functional website and beta testing conducted by the general public with a focus on the functionality and interface website. Keywords: anatomy; atlas; figure; internet; online; reptile; system; website

• Isolation and Identification of Dermatophytes from Toenails and Interdigital Spaces of Students Using Czapek Yeast Extract Agar by Savitri, Lisa; Ihsan, Kharisul; Krissanjaya, Rochmad; Kasimo, Elfred Rinaldo; Yanti, Novirma; Hilmi, Mochamad Hanif (2025) - Although Sabouraud Dextrose Agar is the conventional medium for fungal culture, alternative media such as Czapek Yeast Extract Agar (CYA) may provide additional advantages for dermatophyte isolation and morphological identification. Keywords: dermatophytes; Trichophyton rubrum; Trichophyton indotineae; toenail; Czapek Yeast Extract Agar. Keywords: agar; cya; dermatophytes; indotineae; interdigital

• Optimization of Binocular Microscope with Micro Digital Camera for Measuring Seminiferous Tubules Epithelium Height by Sutriyono, Sutriyono (2016) - 132,0 µm; 106,3 µm; 75,6 µm, (C). 119,6 µm; 144,8 µm; 101,1 µm, (B). Keywords: epithelium; height; magnification; seminiferous

• Pharmacophore mapping of Angiotensin Converting Enzymes (ACEs): Insight to Binding Site of ACE1 and ACE2 by Ujiantari, Navista Sri Octa; Apsari, Cintya Nurul (2024) - It can be observed that both share similarities in some amino acid residues thus ACE1 inhibitors and ACE2 inhibitors have similar type of interactions. However, both ACE1 and ACE2 inhibitors showed different interactions even though both were well aligned. Keywords: ace1; ace2; angiotensin; enzymes; inhibitors; pharmacophore; site

• Onychomycosis in Students: An Overview of Nail Care Practices and Personal Hygiene by Savitri, Lisa; Ihsan, Kharisul; Krissanjaya, Rochmad; Kasimo, Elfred Rinaldo; Yanti, Novirma; Hilmi, Mochamad Hanif (2025) - were also isolated, reflecting recent reports of their increasing role in nail infections, particularly in younger and immunocompetent populations (Sharma et al., 2024). Although dermatophytes remain the leading cause, the isolation of Candida albicans and Aspergillus spp. underscores the increasing role of non-dermatophyte fungi in nail infections, especially in individuals with compromised hygiene (Bonifaz et al., 2022). Keywords: care; nail; onychomycosis; students; study

• Local Stability Analysis of a Mathematical Model of the Interaction of Two Populations of Differential Equations (Host-Parasitoid) by Anggreini, Dewi (2016) - Equilibrium point equation (9) is obtained if: 0 dt dh (10) 0.dp dt  (11) Stability discussed in this study are stable equilibrium points are obtained from the characteristic equation systems of differential equations host and parasitoid interactions. Keywords: equilibrium; host; interaction; parasitoid; point

• Histological Study of Common House Gecko (Hemidactylus frenatus) Regenerated Tail by Rakhmiyati, Rakhmiyati; Luthfi, Muhammad Jafar (2016) - According to research conducted by Rachman & Hadi (2008), the posterior part of original tail muscle of a lizard (Mabouya multifasciata Kuhl) has its origo on the chevron bone, spina neuralis, and transverse process, whereas the anterior part of the muscle inserted in the septum. Keywords: Common house gecko (Hemidactylus frenatus); autotomy; tail histology; cartilaginous tube of regenerated tail. Keywords: autotomy; figure; gecko; house; muscle; tail; tube

• Intraosseous Capillary Hemangioma of the Nasal Dorsum in an Adolescent by Soehartono, Soehartono; Afianti, Rizky (2025) - Keywords: capillary hemangioma; dorsum nasi; embolization; nasal tumor; surgical excision. Modern management of nasal hemangiomas. Keywords: case; dorsum; hemangioma; nasal

• High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) for Detection of Glucosamine and Chondroitin Sulfate Compounds by Rakhmiyati, Rakhmiyati; Widiyani, Tetri; Budiharjo, Agung (2022) - Chondroitin sulfate becomes unstable when exposed to direct light and at high temperatures (Marzuki et al., 2014). Chondroitin sulfate is a type of GAG whose components consist of N-acetyl-galactosamine, sulfuric acid and glucuronic acid. Keywords: cartilage; chondroitin; chondroitin sulfate; glucosamine; hplc; osteoarthritis; shark; sulfate

• The Triterpenes of Kageneckia oblonga by Tapia-Merino, Jorge; Arrue, Lily; Martín, José San; Muñoz, Orlando (2022) - Historia física y política de Chile. 4Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile. Keywords: chile; iii; kageneckia; oblonga

• Cover, Editorial Board, Guidance for Authors, & Table of Contents | Vol. 11 No. 2 October 2022 by Luthfi, Muhammad Ja'far (2022) - Robert Ikechukwu Uroko, Charles Nnanna Chukwu, Chinomso Friday Aaron, Umezurike Benedict Chidozie, Doris Akachukwu, Ndukwe Onyeani Atuh 111 - 118 Detection of the Atherosclerotic PCSK9 gene Inhibitors Through in silico Method to Improve Targeted Therapy Sabarinathan Sethuramalingam, Revathy Leena Ravi, Janet Rani Rajiah 119 - 131 The Triterpenes of Kageneckia oblonga Jorge Tapia-Merino, Lily Arrue, José San Martín, Orlando Muñoz 133 - 136 Ethnobotanical Survey of Plants Used in The Management of Peptic Ulcer Diseases in Wukari Metropolis Akpevwoghene Agbatutu, Francis Nosakhare Imade, Efosa A. Ogie-Odia, Mary Oromioshemime Ifedele, Funmilola Modinat Abdulrasaq, Daniel Eseigbe 137 - 143 Co-Existent Hypertension with Diabetes Mellitus Exacerbates Renal Dysfunctions Eruore Amalaka Obore, Jerome Ndudi Asiwe, Vincent I. Iyawe, Andrew E. Edo 145 - 150 Anti-oxidant, Anti-inflammatory and Anti-Atherosclerotic Activity of Bioactive Peptide HPAEDR Isolated from Catla catal Muscle on LPS Induced Inflammation on 246.7RAW Macrophage Cells and HCF Induced Hyperlipidemic Zebrafish Larvae Sabarinathan Sethuramalingam, Revathy Leena Ravi, Janet Rani Rajiah 151 - 160 Chemical Compositions and Antioxidant Activity of Volatile Oils from Morinda citrifolia and Beta vulgaris Leaves from Nigeria Adesegun Olusimbo Onanuga, Ejike Onwudiegwu Okpala 161 - 167 The Weight Performance Stability of Mice on Modeling Obesity-Associated Hyperglycemia Induced by Dextrose Monohydrate Deksa Yudha Syach Putra, Setiyo Budi Santoso, Heni Lutfiyati 169 - 173 Inhibitory Effect of Mammea africana on Alpha-Amylase and Alpha-Glucosidase Enzymes of Rats Nwakaego Omonigho Ebong, Jude Efiom Okokon, Jesse Idakwoji 175 - 180 Front Cover Editorial Board Table of Contents Guidance Back Cover COVER JURNAL BIOMENAPROCHY Keywords: cover; janet; leena ravi

• Phytochemical Profile and Antibacterial Activity of Nigella Sativa against Biofilm-producing Bacteria Uropathogens by Abaka, AbdulAzeez Mumsiri; Dahiru, Mubarak Muhammad; Abubakar, Keta Biman; Luka, Jordana; Abubakar, Aisha; Abdullahi, Tukur Baba; Barau, Saminu Hamman (2024) - Pammi, S. S., Suresh, B., & Giri, A. (2023). https://doi.org/10.14421/biomedich.2024.131.141-146 142 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry 13 (1), 2024: 141-146 of blessing (habbat-ul baraka), habbatussauda (in Hausa), black caraway, and black cumin, among others, are purported to possess a wide range of actions, encompassing both antibacterial and anticestodal effects (Usman et al., 2017). Keywords: extract; sativa

• The Female Population Growth Projection Year 2021 in Trenggalek Regency by Leslie Matrix Model on the Birth Rate and Life Expectancy by Anggreini, Dewi (2017) - Population growth can provide information as to whether changes in population numbers for next year is always increasing, decreasing or constant. It is called the dominant eigenvalue j. |𝜆𝑘| < 𝜆1 should not |𝜆𝑘| = 𝜆1 or indicated |𝜆𝑘| ≠ 𝜆1. Keywords: matrix; population;  

• Table of Contents by Riyanto, Riyanto (2017) - Kidney Nurul Safitri Apriliani, Muhammad Jafar Luthfi 9 - 12 Anatomical Study of Male Reproductive Organs of the Indonesian Short-Nosed Fruit Bat (Cynopterus titthaecheilus Temminck, 1825) Anisatuzzahro, Muhammad Jafar Luthfi 13 - 17 Checklist of Flowering Plants (Magnoliophyta) of Mount Nglanggeran, Gunungkidul: Keywords: luthfi

• Table of Contents by Riyanto, Riyanto (2016) - Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Volume 5 – Number 1 – 2016 ISSN 2089-6514 CONTENTS New Record Marsdenia tenacissima (Asclepiadoideae, Apocynaceae) In Gunung Ijo Baturagung Yogyakarta Widodo, Muhammad Jafar Luthfi 1 - 8 Local Stability Analysis of a Mathematical Model of the Interaction of Two Populations of Differential Equations (Host-Parasitoid) Keywords: widodo

• Table of Contents by Riyanto, Riyanto (2014) - The Effect of Water-Soluble Stem Extract “Kayu Kuning“ (Arcangelisia flava L.Merr) On the Growth Inhibition of Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and Trichophyton mentagrophytes In Vitro Rini Setyowati, Sudarsono, Setyowati E.P 15 - 19 Larvicidal Activity of The Mixture of Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) and Aqueous Extract of Sapindus rarak DC Against Larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus Rahmi Safarina Fauziah, Sudarsono, Budi Mulyaningsih 21 - 23 Identification of Migratory Birds and Their Spesific Characteristics of Habitat in the Salt Water Lake of Gili Meno, North Lombok Distric Diah Purwitasari, Luh Gde Sri Astiti, Supriadi 25 - 30 Larvicidal Effect of Vinca Fruit Extract (Vinca rosea) Against Aedes aegypti Larvae and Secondary Metabolites Profile by Thin Layer Chromatography Rahmawati Ekaputri, Sudarsono, Budi Mulyaningsih 31 - 33 Morpho-Anatomical Analysis of Cosmostigma racemosum (Asclepiadoideae) Flowers Widodo, Mohamad Amin, Mimien Henie Irawati Al-Muhdar, Muhammad Ja’far Luthfi 35 - 46 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Volume 3 – Number 1 – 2014 ISSN 2089-6514 CONTENTS Ecopharmacognosy: Exploring the Chemical and Biological Potential of Nature for Human Health Geoffrey A. Cordell 1 - 14 Keywords: extract; sudarsono

• Cover, Editorial Board, Guidance for Authors by Riyanto, Riyanto (2018) - Untitled-1 GUIDANCE FOR AUTHORS 3: front 4: editorial 5: guidance 6: back Keywords: guidance

Epilogue

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Created: 2025-12-24