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384 
Original Article 

Biosci. J., Uberlândia, v. 32, n. 2, p. 384-388, Mar./Apr. 2016 

DISTRIBUTION OF BLACK LEAF STREAK DISEASE (Mycosphaerella 
fijiensis Morelet) IN MATO GROSSO, BRAZIL 

 
DISTRIBUIÇÃO DE SIGATOKA NEGRA (Mycosphaerella fijiensis Morelet) EM 

MATO GROSSO, BRASIL 
 

Omar Roberto da SILVEIRA1; Dalci de Jesus BAGOLIN2; Daniel CASSETARI NETO3; 
Marcia Benedita MARTINS4; Reinaldo Moraes da SILVA5;  

Jessica Aparecida Neves de ARAÚJO6 
1. Mestre em Agricultura Tropical, Fiscal Federal Agropecuário, Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, Cuiabá, MT, 

Brasil. omar.silveira@agricultura.gov.br; 2. Mestre em Defesa Sanitária Vegetal, Fiscal Federal Agropecuário, Ministério da 
Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil; 3. Professor, Doutor em Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Mato 
Grosso - Campus Cuiabá, MT, Brasil. In memorian; 4. Mestra em Agricultura Tropical, Fiscal Estadual de Defesa Agropecuária e 

Florestal, Instituto de Defesa Agropecuária do Estado de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil; 5. Engenheiro Agrônomo, Fiscal Estadual 
de Defesa Agropecuária e Florestal, Instituto de Defesa Agropecuária do Estado de Mato Grosso, Confresa, MT; 6. Engenheira 

Agrônoma, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil. 
 
ABSTRACT: Banana black leaf streak disease caused by the present quarantine pest M. fijiensis occurs in Mato 

Grosso State since 1999 and requires adoption of sanitation, including detection survey. The aim of this study was to 
evaluate the distribution of M. fijiensis in Mato Grosso State from 1999 to 2013, as well as how black leaf streak disease 
periodically was spread in all regions of Mato Grosso State according to the standards of the Ministry of Agriculture, 
Livestock and Food Supply. Considering the first outbreak year and the previous surveys (Table 1), it can be verified that 
Mycosphaerella fijiensis Morelet was introduced into Mato Grosso State in accordance with the following periods of times 
and counties: 2001 to 2003 - Nova Bandeirantes and Paranaíta; 2001 to 2004 - Barra do Bugres and Gaúcha do Norte; 
2001 to 2005 - Paranatinga; 2002 to 2004 - Porto Estrela, Santo Afonso, and Tangará da Serra; 2002 to 2005 - Rosário 
Oeste; 2004 - Acorizal, Guarantã do Norte, and Sinop; 2004 to 2005 - Sapezal; 2005 - Campos de Júlio, Nova Maringá, 
Poxoréu, and Sorriso; 2005 to 2006 -Marcelândia and Matupá; 2007 - Água Boa, Barra do Garças, Campinápolis, General 
Carneiro, Novo São Joaquim, and Pedra Preta; 2013 - Canabrava do Norte, Confresa, Porto Alegre do Norte, and São José 
do Xingu. The dispersal of M. fijiensis throughout both time and space showed to be random in Mato Grosso State and its 
counties, except among some counties adjacent each other, which can be explained by the movement of infected banana 
seedlings.  

 
KEYWORDS: Present quarantine pest. Banana. Dispersal. Mycosphaerella fijiensis. 

 
INTRODUCTION 

 
Black leaf streak disease is caused by plant-

pathogenic fungus M. fijiensis. It is extremely 
severe after bunch production because plants do not 
produce leaves anymore after flowering, which may 
cause 100% of yield loss in susceptible cultivars 
(OROZCO-SANTOS, 1998). M. fijiensis is a 
regulated pathogen in Brazil as present quarantine 
pest and requires periodic surveys. This disease is 
distributed throughout the states of Acre, Amapá, 
Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, 
Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, 
Tocantins, Maranhão, Rio de Janeiro, Rondônia, 
Roraima, Santa Catarina, and São Paulo (BRASIL, 
2013).  

Mycosphaerella fijiensis was introduced 
into Brazil through Amazonas State in 1998 
(PEREIRA et al., 2000). In Mato Grosso State since 
the first detection of black leaf streak in 1999 up to 
2004, the banana cultivated area reduced by 63% 
(IBGE, 1999 and 2004). This paper aimed to present 

the distribution of black leaf streak (M. fijiensis) in 
Mato Grosso since its first outbreak until 2013. 
 
MATERIAL AND METHODS 

 
The distribution of this disease was 

monitored from 1999 to 2013 by the Mato Grosso 
State Institute of Agricultural and Livestock 
Defense, know as INDEA/MT. INDEA/MT 
surveyed black leaf streak according to the Ministry 
of Agriculture, Livestock, and Food Supply 
(BRASIL, 2002 and 2005). The surveys sampling 
and periodicity were the followings: (i) 1%  of rural 
properties or urban squares at least once each 6 
months, in area where the disease has not been 
detected; (ii) 2% of rural properties or urban squares 
at least once each 3 months, in area recognized as 
M. fijiensis free area by the Ministry of Agriculture, 
Livestock, and Food Supply; (iii) 5% of rural 
properties or urban squares at least once each 2 
months, in adjacent area to probable expansion area 
and to area recognized as M. fijiensis free area by 

Received: 23/08/15 
Accepted: 20/01/16 



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Distribution of black leaf…  SILVEIRA, O. R. et al. 

Biosci. J., Uberlândia, v. 32, n. 2, p. 384-388, Mar./Apr. 2016 

the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, and Food 
Supply; (iv) 3 adult plants in the pre-flowering stage 
per hectare at 50% of existing properties along road 
considered as risk route for the disease; and (v) 3 
adult plants in the pre-flowering stage per hectare, 
in outbreak delimitation survey according to the 
following proportions: in 50% of all properties 
located at the radius up to 10 km from the outbreak; 
in 30% of all properties located at the radius from 
10 to 30 km measured from the outbreak; and in 
10% of all properties located at the radius from 30 
to 70 km measured from the outbreak. In non-
commercial urban and rural areas were inspected at 
least 3 adult plants in the pre-flowering stage per 

hectare. In commercial production area were 
inspected at least 5 adult plants in the pre-
flowering stage per hectare. Plants inspected which 
were suspected to be infected by this fungus were 
sampled and analyzed in laboratory accredited by 
Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, and Food 
Supply. 
 
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 

 
Black leaf streak was confirmed in 50 

counties among 123 counties surveyed, involving all 
Mato Grosso State regions, through annual surveys 
which ranged from 1 to 12 in each county (Table 1).  

 
Table 1. Demonstrative of black leaf streak surveys per county with disease occurrence, in Mato Grosso. 

County 
Year 

1999 

2000 

2001 

2002 

2003 

2004 

2005 

2006 

2007 

2008 

2009 

2010 

2011 

2012 

2013 

Cuiabá 
     

x 
         

Acorizal 
 

o 
  

o x 
         

Água Boa o o o 
 

o o o o x 
      

Apiacás 
    

x x 
         

Aripuanã 
     

x 
         

Barra do Bugres 
 

o 
   

x 
         

Barra do Garças o o 
  

o o o o x 
      

Brasnorte 
     

x 
         

Cáceres x 
 

o 
            

Campinápolis o o o 
  

o o o x 
      

Campo Verde 
    

o 
          

Campos de Júlio 
    

o o x 
        

Canabrava do Norte o o o 
  

o 
 

o o o o o o o x 
Castanheira 

     
x 

         
Confresa o o o 

  
o 

 
o o o o o o o x 

Cotriguaçu 
     

x 
         

Diamantino 
     

x 
         

Gaúcha do Norte o o 
   

x o 
        

General Carneiro 
    

o o o o x 
      

Guarantã do Norte 
 

o o 
 

o x o x x 
      

Itanhangá 
     

x 
         

Juara 
     

x 
         

Juína 
     

x 
         

Juruena 
     

x 
         

Marcelândia 
    

o o 
 

x o 
      

Matupá 
 

o 
  

o o 
 

x o 
      

Nova Bandeirantes 
 

o 
  

x x 
 

x 
       

Nova Maringá 
     

o x 
        

Nova Monte Verde 
    

x 
          

Nova Xavantina o o o 
 

o o o o x 
      

Novo Horizonte do Norte 
     

x 
 

x 
       

Novo Mundo 
 

o o 
 

o x 
         

Novo São Joaquim o o o 
 

o o o o x 
      

Paranaíta 
 

o 
  

x 
          

Paranatinga 
 

o 
    

x 
        

Pedra Preta 
 

o 
  

o o o o x o x o o o 
 



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Biosci. J., Uberlândia, v. 32, n. 2, p. 384-388, Mar./Apr. 2016 

Porto Alegre do Norte o o 
   

o 
 

o o o o o o o x 
Porto dos Gaúchos 

     
x 

         
Porto Estrela 

 
o o 

  
x 

         
Poxoréo 

 
o 

  
o o x 

        
Rosário Oeste 

 
o o 

   
x 

        
Santo Afonso 

  
o 

  
x 

         
Santo Antônio do Leverger 

    
x x x 

        
São José do Xingu 

 
o o 

    
o o o o o o o x 

Sapezal 
    

o 
 

x 
        

Sinop 
 

o 
  

o x 
         

Sorriso 
     

o x 
        

Tabaporã 
 

x 
   

x 
 

o x 
      

Tangará da Serra 
  

o 
  

x 
         

Tapurah           x                   
X = Survey with outbreak detection        O = Survey without outbreak detection 
 
 

Considering the first outbreak year and the 
previous surveys (Table 1), it can be verified that 
M. fijiensis was introduced into Mato Grosso State 
according to the following times and counties: 2001 
to 2003 - Nova Bandeirantes and Paranaita; 2001 to 
2004 - Barra do Bugres and Gaúcha do Norte; 2001 
to 2005 - Paranatinga; 2002 to 2004 - Porto Estrela, 
Santo Afonso, and Tangará da Serra; 2002 to 2005 

- Rosário Oeste; 2004 - Acorizal, Guarantã do 
Norte, and Sinop; 2004 to 2005 - Sapezal; 2005 - 
Campos de Júlio, Nova Maringá, Poxoréu, and 
Sorriso; 2005 to 2006 - Marcelândia and Matupá; 
2007 - Água Boa, Barra do Garças, Campinápolis, 
General Carneiro, Novo São Joaquim, and Pedra 
Preta; 2013 - Canabrava do Norte, Confresa, Porto 
Alegre do Norte, and São José do Xingu (Figure 1).  

 

 
Figure 1. Dispersal of black leaf streak in Mato Grosso State. 
 
 



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Distribution of black leaf…  SILVEIRA, O. R. et al. 

Biosci. J., Uberlândia, v. 32, n. 2, p. 384-388, Mar./Apr. 2016 

These results showed that black leaf streak 
did not have homogeneous distribution in Mato 
Grosso State and not even inside the counties. This 
fact can be explained by transit of infected 
seedlings. Silva (2013) confirmed that all properties 
which received seedlings from Agriculture 
Secretariat of Confresa County, Mato Grosso State, 
were contaminated by black leaf streak. That author 
concluded that probably the disease must have been 
vehiculated through infected seedlings because the 
official epidemiological survey showed that all 
contaminated properties received seedlings both 
from properties located in Confresa county, Mato 
Grosso State, and from Mato Grosso State 
Secretariat of Agriculture. It was possible to 

conclude that actually infected seedlings distributed 
in the M. fijiensis free area were responsible for the 
introduction of this fungus into Canabrava do 
Norte, Confresa, Porto Alegre do Norte, and São 
José do Xingu, assuming that: (i) these counties 
composed a M. fijiensis free area recognized by the 
Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, and Food 
Supply in 2008; (ii) these counties were surveyed 
each three months, but they became contamined by 
M. fijiensis in 2013, simultaneously; and (iii) Silva 
(2013) recorded that in Confresa county black leaf 
streak dispersal occurred from the outbreak to 
properties until the radius of 30 km and the major 
concentration of dispersal was verified at the radius 
of 10 km from the outbreak (Figure 3). 

 

 
Figure 2. Banana leaf infected by Mycosphaerella fijiensis. 
 
 
CONCLUSION 

 
The dispersal of M. fijiensis throughout both 

time and space showed to be random in Mato 

Grosso State and its counties, except among some 
counties adjacent each other, which can be 
explained by the movement of infected banana 
seedlings.  

 
 
RESUMO: O fungo Micosphaerella fijiensis, agente causal da Sigatoka Negra, é uma praga quarentenária 

presente, que ocorre no estado de Mato Grosso, desde 1999, e exige adoção de medidas fitossanitárias, inclusive 
levantamentos de detecção. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a disseminação de M. fijiensis, em Mato Grosso, durante o 
período de 1999 a 2013, já que a Sigatoka Negra foi levantada em todas as regiões de Mato Grosso, periodicamente, 
conforme as normas do Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento. Determinou-se o ano ou o período em que o 
fungo M. fijiensis foi introduzido nos municípios, considerando-se o ano de detecção do primeiro foco e o levantamento 
anterior, resultando na seguinte constatação: (2001 a 2003 – Nova Bandeirantes e Paranaíta); (2001 a 2004 – Barra do 
Bugres e Gaúcha do Norte); (2001 a 2005 – Paranatinga); (2002 a 2004 – Porto Estrela, Santo Afonso e Tangará da Serra); 
(2002 a 2005 – Rosário Oeste); (2004 – Acorizal, Guarantã do Norte e Sinop); (2004 a 2005 – Sapezal); (2005 – Campos 
de Júlio, Nova Maringá, Poxoréu e Sorriso); (2005 a 2006 – Marcelândia e Matupá); (2007 – Água Boa, Barra do Garças, 
Campinápolis, General Carneiro, Novo São Joaquim e Pedra Preta); (2013 – Canabrava do Norte, Confresa, Porto Alegre 
do Norte e São José do Xingu). A dispersão desta praga, no tempo e no espaço, mostrou-se aleatória, exceto entre alguns 
municípios adjacentes entre si, fato que pode ser explicado pelo trânsito de mudas de bananeira contaminadas. 

 
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Praga quarentenária presente. Banana. Disseminação. Mycosphaerella fijiensis. 

 
 
 



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Biosci. J., Uberlândia, v. 32, n. 2, p. 384-388, Mar./Apr. 2016 

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