Microsoft Word - 17-53568_Rev
183
Bioscience Journal Original Article
Biosci. J., Uberlândia, v. 36, Supplement 1, p. 183-191, Nov./Dec. 2020
http://dx.doi.org/ BJ-v36n0a2020-53568
SEED POTATO MINITUBERS PRODUCTION IN A REUSED SUBSTRATE
PRODUÇÃO DE MINITUBÉRCULOS DE BATATA-SEMENTE EM SUBSTRATO
REUTILIZADO
Ronei França de ALMEIDA1; Roberta Camargos de OLIVEIRA1;
Alexandre Igor de Azevedo PEREIRA2; Regina Maria Quintão LANA1;
José Magno Queiroz LUZ1*
1. Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia-UFU, Uberlândia, MG, Brasil; 2. Instituto Federal de
Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano - Campus Urutaí, Urutaí, GO, Brasil. * jmagno@ufu.br
ABSTRACT: Minituber production is an important step to obtain high-quality seed potatoes. This
production is carried out in a greenhouse using a large volume of commercial substrate acquired in specialized
trade. An alternative to reduce the volume of substrate purchased for each production of minitubers would be to
reuse it, which would be a way to optimize its use. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of
reused substrates in the minituber production. The experiment was conducted in Tapira-MG with the Atlantic
potato cultivar. The experimental design was a randomized block with six treatments and four replications,
where each plot was represented by a box (0.15 x 0.4 x 0.5m: height, width, and length, respectively)
containing substrates. Treatments consisted of formulation 04-14-08 rates (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 g box-1) added
to reused substrate and a control consisting of a new virgin substrate. At 45 days after transplanting, the
following characteristics were evaluated: stem size (cm), and quantities of fresh and dry matter of aerial part of
plants. Harvesting was performed manually, counting, and calculating the yield of tubers according to class.
The reuse substrate with enriched nutrient regardless of the rate, when compared to the use of a new virgin
substrate, did not interfere in potato plant development and in the total productivity of minitubers of classes I,
II, III, and IV. This can be a feasible alternative for optimizing the use of the virgin substrate. The rate of 25 g
box-1 of 4-14-8 is sufficient to provide the needs of potato in nutrients, ensuring high productivity.
KEYWORDS: Plant nutrition. Potato propagation. Solanum tuberosum L. Substrate enriched with
nutrients.
INTRODUCTION
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the third
most important food crop in the world, being the
first non-grain commodity and the crop that
produces the highest content of nutrients (ZHAO et
al., 2016). According to the Brazilian Association of
Potatoes (ABBA), potato agribusiness involves
around 5,000 producers in 30 regions of seven
Brazilian states (MG, SP, PR, RS, SC, GO, and BA)
and production varies between 3 million and 3.5
million tons (EMBRAPA, 2016). In 2019 were sold
a total of 870 thousand tons of potatoes (CONAB,
2019).
Potato is propagated asexually by "seed
tubers", which are the costliest production
component. Most of the seed potato seed used in
Brazil is imported from other countries, especially
the Netherlands (SOUZA et al. 2012). However, the
investments in this agricultural input can reduce the
production cost and increase the competitiveness
against the imported potato seed (CALORI et al.,
2017).
Susceptibility to pests and diseases can
cause large productivity losses, especially when
farmers recycle their own seeds or get them from
informal sources (BUCKSETH et al., 2016).
Therefore, a high phytosanitary seed is essential for
commercial potato production and deserves special
producer attention.
In Brazil, propagating material can be
obtained in two ways, either imported from several
countries such as the Netherlands, Canada,
Argentina, and Germany or produced internally via
tissue culture (SOUZA et al., 2013). The
propagation by shoots of in vitro material is a
promising technique in the production of seed
potato minitubers since these are free of viruses
(SILVA et al., 2006) and it can be a strategy to
reduce dependence on imported material and
increasing the quality of the national basic seed
potato (CAROLI et al., 2017).
Minituber cultivation facilitates the
production of seed potatoes and prolongs storage,
uses smaller physical space, and shows a longer
survival period (WRÓBEL, 2015). Additionally,
minitubers can be transported in larger numbers in
Received: 15/04/19
Accepted: 01/12/20
184
Seed potato… ALMEIDA, R F. et al.
Biosci. J., Uberlândia, v. 36, Supplement 1, p. 183-191, Nov./Dec. 2020
http://dx.doi.org/ BJ-v36n0a2020-53568
the standard marketing box than larger seed tubers,
thereby reducing the cost of transportation
(SAMPAIO JÚNIOR et al., 2008).
Minitubers are grown on substrates, which
may consist of expanded vermiculite, organic
materials (peat, Pinus bark, charcoal rice husk, or
organic compost), fertilizers, and additives. A way
to reduce the production cost of minitubers and
minimize environmental impacts is to reuse the
substrates. Thus, reuse allows the reduction of
substrate volume discarded after cultivation
(FERNANDES; CORÁ; BRAZ, 2006).
The longer the substrate is used, the lower
will be the environmental impact due to the disposal
of this material (MARIN et al., 2017). However, the
substrate's physical, chemical, and biological
properties may change with time, which may affect
crop development and, consequently, yield
(ACUNA et al., 2013).
Chemical fertilizers, usually used in
substrates or soils for nutrition supplementation, are
recommended for highly responsive crops such as
potatoes. However, the use of fertilizers should be
oriented according to the stage of crop development
and the cultivars' needs (SORATTO, 2011).
Research has reported positive economic
responses in consecutive cultivations with different
reused substrates, without any decrease in
productivity or quality of vegetables
(URRESTARAZU et al., 2008). However, there is
not enough research evaluating the possibility of
substrate reutilization, as well as the concentration
of a nutritive solution in this system (MARIN et al.,
2017).
In order to increase sustainable and
conscious management, further studies are required
to evaluate the behavior of species and materials
that make up the reused substrates and the
interaction between them. The objective of this
study was to evaluate the efficiency of reused
substrates in increasing fertilization rates and to
compare these substrates against using only virgin
substrate in relation to the production of potato
minitubers.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The experiment was conducted in an arc-
type greenhouse with a transparent low-density
polyethylene cover and side panels covered with an
anti-aphid screen in the city of Tapira-MG, at an
altitude of 1340 meters and 19 ° 53 'S, 46 ° 40' W of
geographic coordinates.
The experimental design was a randomized
block containing six treatments with four
replications, each plot represented by a plastic box
with a capacity of 6 kg of the substrate and (0.15 x
0.4 x 0.5m: height, width, and length, respectively).
The treatments were constituted by five rates of 04-
14-08 formulation (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 g box-1)
added and homogenized to the Bioplant reused
substrate and to a control with virgin commercial
substrate Bioplant (raw material: fiber and coconut
powder aggregates such pine bark, vermiculite, rice
husk, and nutrients). In the treatments were added
50 g box-1 of dolomitic limestone, following the
management used by the producer.
The values of the chemical constituents
were analyzed according to Embrapa methodology
(2017) and are shown in Table 1.
Table 1. Chemical composition of the substrates.
Soil characteristics Unit Virgin substrate Reused substrate
pH Ca Cl2 1M 5.6 5.5
Total humidity % 53.55 50.69
Total N % 0.17 0.21
Total organic matter % 29.14 28.36
Total organic carbon % 16.19 15.76
P (P2O5) % 0.52 0.68
K (K2O) % 0.11 0.15
Ca % 0.54 0.67
Mg % 0.23 0.27
S % 0.13 0.16
B mg kg-1 13 10
Cu mg kg-1 12 15
Fe mg kg-1 7289 8082
Mn mg kg-1 116 128
Zn mg kg-1 100 111
Na mg kg-1 94 150
185
Seed potato… ALMEIDA, R F. et al.
Biosci. J., Uberlândia, v. 36, Supplement 1, p. 183-191, Nov./Dec. 2020
http://dx.doi.org/ BJ-v36n0a2020-53568
The discarded substrate was collected by
placing 30 kg in nylon bags (used for transporting
potatoes). Subsequently, the substrate was sterilized
by water vapor at 150 °C for three hours, in a boiler
system. After cooling the sterilized substrate was
distributed in plastic boxes (6 kg per box).
The steam supplied by the boiler with an
evaporation capacity of 30 kg h-1 of water, with a
pressure up to 7 kgf cm-2 (100 lbs) and a vapor
pressure of 1,5 kgf cm-2, which is the force required
to overcome the resistance of the substrate mass to
the vapor passage.
The water vapor was applied to the center of
a cylindrical box with a capacity of 2000 L,
containing at the bottom, a layer of 10 cm of coarse
gravel covered by a galvanized screen with a mesh
of 2 mm approximately forming a bottom false. The
vapor flows and distributes evenly through the
substrate placed inside the carton. For energy
saving, the box is externally coated with thermal
insulation and capped with plastic film, that can
support a temperature of at least 100 ºC.
Atlantic cultivar seedlings from the Tissue
Culture laboratory located in the city of Holambra-
SP were obtained by meristem culture and were
placed in closed pots containing culture medium.
Then, they were transplanted into trays of 128 cells
with the substrate (Bioplant® with coconut fiber).
The seedlings transplanted to the trays,
called matrices (M), were subjected to an
acclimatization process for 7 to 10 days after
transplanting. During this period, the matrices were
repeated, cutting the caulinar apex leaving at least
two leaflets. The cut segment was then induced with
an indolebutyric growth regulator to form roots by
immersing the fragment into the solution.
Subsequently, the matrix peal (RM1) was planted in
a tray of 128 cells with the substrate. After one
week, RM1 (RR1) was pealed and then was planted
in the trays.
Transplanting was carried out on January 2,
2012, with a population of 24 seedlings per box.
Irrigation was performed daily using the micro-
sprinkler system according to the plants' needs. Pest
and disease control was performed according to the
monitoring, and when necessary spraying with
products registered for the crop at the dose
recommended by the manufacturers.
After 45 days of transplanting, a plant was
randomly collected from each plot and sent to the
laboratory, where the biological parameters,
indicative of plant development, were measured:
stem size, and quantity of fresh and dry matter of
aerial part of plants. To measure the size of the
stem, a tape measuring in centimeters was used, and
an analytical balance was used to quantify the fresh
material. The fresh material after being weighed was
placed in an oven with forced air circulation at a
temperature of 65 ºC and after three days, the total
dry matter was obtained.
A sample of the third leaves (leaf + petiole)
completely developed from the apex of each plant
was sent to the laboratory for quantification of
macronutrients (Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium,
Calcium, Magnesium, and Sulfur) and
micronutrients (Boron, Zinc, Copper, Iron,
Manganese), according to the methodology
proposed by Embrapa (2017).
The harvest was performed on April 19,
2012, by hand, seven days after desiccation of the
plants with Gramoxone (paraquat). The number of
tubers in each box was counted and classified as
type I (50-60 mm), type II (40-50 mm), type III (30-
40 mm) type IV (23-30 mm), type V (15-23 mm)
and microtubers (<15 mm).
The results were submitted for analysis of
variance by the SISVAR program. The study of the
five formulation rates was performed by polynomial
regression at 0.05% of significance. The means of
the formulation were contrasted with the control
was performed by Dunnett test at the same level of
significance (0.05%).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
There was no significant difference between
the mean values of the virgin and reused substrate
plus 25, 50, 75, and 100 g of 04-14-08 box-1 for the
following variables: stem size, fresh and dry matter
of aerial part of plants. Therefore, the addition of
nutrients to the substrate reused at 45 days after
transplanting (DAT) gave the same vegetative
development compared to the virgin substrate
(Table 2).
On the other hand, the reused substrate
without nutritive complement addition was not
effective for plant development (Table 2), which
indicates the need for nutrient replacement.
Despite the possible changes in the physical
characteristics of the substrate, such as porosity and
density, reuse with nutrient addition did not
compromise the nutrients utilization by the plants in
their vegetative development up to 45 DAT.
186
Seed potato… ALMEIDA, R F. et al.
Biosci. J., Uberlândia, v. 36, Supplement 1, p. 183-191, Nov./Dec. 2020
http://dx.doi.org/ BJ-v36n0a2020-53568
Table 2. Average stems size, fresh and dry matter of potato plants in the function of the virgin substrate and
substrate reused combinations with levels of the formula 04-14-08.
Substrate
Variables Virgin
substrate
Reused + 04-14-08 (g box-1)
0 25 50 75 100 CV (%)
Stem size
(cm)
95.25 60.75* 77.75ns 99.75ns 100.50ns 97.25ns
14.04
Fresh weight
(g)
86.25 30.00* 56.25ns 106.25ns 98.75ns 102.50ns
31.36
Dry matter
(g)
10 5.00* 9.75ns 16.25ns 16.25ns 15.50ns
28.31
*: significant and ns: not significant by Dunnett test at 0.05 significance.
All the analyzed characteristics obtained a
positive quadratic adjustment as a function of 04-
14-08 doses (Figures 1A, 1B, and 1C). The
increased doses are associated with an increase in
stem size (1A), fresh matter accumulation (1B), and
dry matter (1C), with maximum values of 101.2 cm,
105.4 g, and 16.6 g at the rates of 77 g, 82 g, 77 g
04-14-08 box-1 on the reused substrate, respectively.
With the dry matter accumulation, fresh matter and
stem height were 96.61, 92.68, and 97.13% as a
function of the added rates of 04-14-08 formulation,
respectively.
Contrasting results were reported by
Favoretto (2005), in which in the Atlantic cultivar,
an accumulation of dry matter of 8.65 g plant-1 and
at 53 DAT a stem size of 32.63 cm were observed.
Both responses found were lower than those
obtained in the present study.
Figure 1. Size stems (A), fresh weight (B), and dry matter (C), the cultivar Atlantic at 45 days after
transplanting (DAT) in the function of doses of the formula 04-14-08.
This high level of plant growth in their
vegetative development can be justified due to the
low light quality that may have occurred in the
growing environment (a transparent low-density
polyethylene cover) causing the plants to become
etiolate. Purquerio and Tivelli (2006) reported that
in the protected environment there is a reduction of
the solar radiation incidence inside the protected
environment in relation to the external environment
of 5 to 35%. This reduction may be even greater
when there is an increase in the dispersing effect of
the plastic or may occur when there is a deposition
of dust on the plastic film thus reducing the
luminosity inside the structure.
In addition, the plants have different
behaviors compared to the time of year when they
are cultivated due to the conditions of temperature
and photoperiod. In this comparison, the behavior of
187
Seed potato… ALMEIDA, R F. et al.
Biosci. J., Uberlândia, v. 36, Supplement 1, p. 183-191, Nov./Dec. 2020
http://dx.doi.org/ BJ-v36n0a2020-53568
the Atlantic cultivar in relation to the accumulation
of dry matter planted was done in January in the
present work, and in the work of Favoretto (2005)
was done in September.
It was possible to observe that cultivated
plants in the virgin substrate presented, in general,
nutrient contents within the range recommended by
Lorenzi et al. (1996), except for N, Ca, Zn, Cu, and
Fe (Table 3).
Table 3. Average nutrient in potato leaves in relation to appropriate range recommended in the literature and
depending on the substrates and the doses of the formula 04-14-08 on 45 DAT.
Nutrients Lorenzi et al. (1996)
Substrate
Virgin substrate
Reused + 04-14-08 (g box-1)
0 25 50 75 100
g kg-1
N 40-50 31.5 14.4 16.5 44.1 24.2 22.4
P 2.5-5.0 4.5 3.3 4.5 5.5 5.5 5.4
K 40-65 46.5 50.5 58.5 57 59.5 64
Ca 10-20 8.4 18.3 16.3 9.6 8.2 8.5
Mg 3-5 3.4 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.5
S 2.5-5.0 3.0 3.9 3.9 3.8 4.1 2.7
mg kg-1
B 25-50 41 0 0 0 0 0
Zn 20-60 13 41 28 17 15 15
Cu 7-20 490 1583 1306 735 764 919
Fe 50-100 161 693 605 542 550 528
Mn 30-250 107 416 236 101 97 107
Similar behavior was observed between the
nutrient contents in grown plants on the reused
substrate without nutrient addition, or at the lowest
applied rate (25 g box-1), except for Mn and B.
The water sterilization process carried out
on the reused substrate contributed to the increase in
the availability of all micronutrients, except B. Silva
Júnior et al. (2012) observed higher iron (Fe) and
manganese (Mn) contents in sterilized soil
compared to non-sterilized soil, which can generate
equilibrium between the other ions and change the
absorption dynamics.
When the reused substrate was evaluated,
the contents of K, Mg, and S, at all 24-14-08 rates
were within the range considered adequate
according to Lorenzi et al. (1996). P exceeded the
recommended range at doses of 50, 75, and 100 g of
04-14-08 box-1. The N presented values below the
minimum threshold at all rates analyzed, except for
in 50 g of 04-14-08 box-1.
A reduction in Ca and Zn cations contents
was observed with an increase in 04-14-08 rates,
with rates greater than 25 g of 04-14-08 box-1 below
the appropriate range for potatoes. This imbalance
between nutrients may result in lower levels of
absorption of some elements and, therefore, lower
quality plants (SHAH et al., 2016), which are more
sensitive to stressful conditions.
Despite the smaller attraction force by the
colloidal fraction of the substrate, the amount of K
present in 04-14-08 formulation can be increased in
the retention and in the cation exchange complex by
increasing its concentration by displacing cations
with a higher ionic radius such as Ca that can be lost
by leaching (MATOS; GARIGLIO; MONACO,
2013). It is necessary to adopt good management
with the rate of K fertilization because the greater
solution concentration can reduce the absorption and
distribution of the other cations. Marin et al. (2017)
also observed this relationship between the cations.
By Dunnett's test at 0.05 significance, there
was no significant difference in the total yield of
minitubers per box in the treatments with substrate
reused, independent of the 04-14-08 rate, in relation
to the virgin substrate (Table 4) for type I, II, III and
IV. There was a difference for the tubers classified
as type V and microtubers at the doses of 75 g of
04-14-08 box-1 and absence of supplied nutrient,
respectively. The reused substrate did not
compromise the production and the number of
nutrients in the reused and virgin substrate was
sufficient to guarantee a good potato development.
188
Seed potato… ALMEIDA, R F. et al.
Biosci. J., Uberlândia, v. 36, Supplement 1, p. 183-191, Nov./Dec. 2020
http://dx.doi.org/ BJ-v36n0a2020-53568
Table 4. Average productivity and classification of potato minitubers as a function of the virgin substrate and
reused substrate combinations with the formula levels of 04-14-08.
Substrate
Variables Virgin substrate Reused + 04-14-08 (g box-1)
0 25 50 75 100
Total productivity 27 29ns 30.75ns 24.25ns 19.25ns 20.5ns
Type I 0.25 0ns 0ns 0ns 0.25ns 0ns
Type II 2 4.75ns 5.25ns 1.5ns 2.25ns 2ns
Type III 3.25 5.5ns 7.25ns 3.75ns 2ns 0.75ns
Type IV 3.75 9ns 6.75ns 3.25ns 4.25ns 2.5ns
Type V 6.25 7ns 5.25ns 3.75ns 0.75* 3.25ns
Microtubers 11.5 2.75* 6.25ns 12ns 10.25ns 12ns
* and ns: significant and not significant by Dunnett test at 0.05 significance, respectively.
Cardoso et al. (2010) observed a decrease in
the percentage of aeration space and a consequent
increase in water availability to melon plants
cultivated in the reused substrate, but like the
present study, productivity was not affected by
reuse.
Moraes et al. (2016) and Purquerio et al.
(2016) also highlighted the advantage of reused
coconut substrates over the first-use substrate in the
lettuce baby leaf production without any
productivity losses.
The average values of productivity varied
from 30.45 to 19.25 minitubers per box at the
maximum and minimum 04-14-08 rates, which
represents 1.27 and 0.80 minitubers per plant,
respectively. Grigoriadou and Leventakis (1999)
found values of 2.07, 1.85, and 2.52 minitubers per
plant for Spunta, Jaerla, and Kennebec potato
cultivars. This discrepancy in the values found in
the literature with the result obtained may be due to
the variation of the reproductive power of each
cultivar, climatic conditions, and management,
especially because the density of plants per box was
high.
In relation to tubers classification (Figure
2), a significant difference was obtained for type III
and V minitubers in relation to the rates, with a
maximum value of 6.19 and a minimum of 2.28
minitubers per box at 80 g 04-14-08 box-1 and
absence of nutrient supplied, respectively. However,
the productivity of minitubers type I, II, IV, and
microtubers did not differ statistically as a function
of the rates of 04-14-08 added in the reused
substrate.
According to Figure 2, the increase in 04-
14-08 doses reflected a reduction in the production
of tubers type III and V. For type III, the lowest
value was obtained in the highest rate applied, and
for type V there was a reduction until the production
minimum at 80 g of 04-14-08 box-1. The data
disagree with Souza et al. (2013) who obtained the
largest tubers mass per plant at the highest dose of N
tested but corroborates with Milagres et al. (2013)
and Marin et al. (2017) who verified a better effect
on productivity under diluted fertilizers in
Solanaceae. It can be observed that excessive rates
do not necessarily imply an increment in production,
which would generate higher costs to the farmer
(MARIN et al., 2017).
Figure 2. Number of tubers by classification, in the function of 04-14-08 levels.
189
Seed potato… ALMEIDA, R F. et al.
Biosci. J., Uberlândia, v. 36, Supplement 1, p. 183-191, Nov./Dec. 2020
http://dx.doi.org/ BJ-v36n0a2020-53568
The highest minituber value found for type
V classification was 7.4 minitubers per box when
the formulate was not added to the reused substrate.
Favoretto (2005) found a higher number of cv.
Atlantic produced at 70 DAP belonging to type V.
CONCLUSIONS
Reused substrate enriched with nutrients
was efficient in the production of potato minitubers.
Reused substrate with enriched nutrients
compared to the use of a virgin substrate did not
interfere in potato plant development and total
minituber productivity of classes I, II, III, and IV,
regardless of the rate.
The dose of 25 g box-1 of 4-14-8 is
sufficient to provide the nutritional needs of the
potato and ensures high productivity.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors would like to thank the
funding for the realization of this study
provided by Terra Viva Agrícola, the Conselho
Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e
Tecnológico (CNPq), Coordenação de
Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
(CAPES) and Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do
Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG).
RESUMO: A produção de minitubérculos é uma etapa importante para obtenção de batata-semente de
alta qualidade. Esta produção é realizada em casa de vegetação e utiliza grande volume de substrato comercial
adquirido no comércio especializado. Uma alternativa para diminuir o volume de substrato adquirido a cada
produção de minitubérculos seria a reutilização do mesmo, o que seria uma forma de otimizar o seu uso. Neste
sentido, objetivou-se avaliar a eficiência de substratos reutilizados na produção de minitubérculos de batata. O
experimento foi conduzido no município de Tapira-MG, com a cultivar Atlantic. O delineamento experimental
foi o de blocos casualizados com seis tratamentos e quatro repetições, onde cada parcela foi representada por
uma caixa (0,15 x 0,4 x 0,5 m: altura, largura e comprimento, respectivamente) contendo substratos. Os
tratamentos foram constituídos por doses do formulado 04-14-08 (0, 25, 50, 75 e 100 g caixa-1) adicionadas ao
substrato reutilizado e uma testemunha com substrato virgem. Aos 45 dias após o transplantio foram avaliadas
as características: tamanho de haste (cm), matéria fresca e matéria seca da parte aérea. A colheita foi realizada
manualmente e procedeu a contagem e a produtividade de tubérculos, em classes. O substrato reutilizado
enriquecido com nutrientes, independentemente da dose, quando comparado ao substrato virgem, não interferiu
no desenvolvimento da planta de batata e na produtividade total dos minitubérculos das classes I, II, III e IV.
Esta pode ser uma alternativa viável para otimizar o uso do substrato virgem. A taxa de 25 g box-1 de 4-14-8 é
suficiente para atender às necessidades de batata em nutrientes, garantindo alta produtividade.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Nutrição de plantas. Propagação de batata. Solanum tuberosum L. Substrato
enriquecido com nutrientes.
REFERENCES
ACUNA, R. A.; BONACHEL, S.; MAGÁN, J. J.; MARFÀ, O.; HERNÁNDEZ, J. H.; CÁCERES, R. Reuse of
Rockwool slabs and perlite grow-bags in a low-cost greenhouse: Substrates’ physical properties and crop
production. Scientia Horticulturae, v. 160, p. 139-147, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2013.05.031
BUCKSETH, T.; SHARM, A. K.; PANDEY, K. K.; SINGH, B. P.; MUTHURAJ, R. Methods of pre-basic
seed potato production with special reference to aeroponics- A review. Scientia Horticulturae, v. 204, p. 79–
87, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2016.03.041
CALORI, A. H.; FACTOR, T. L.; FELTRAN, J. C.; WATANABE, E. Y.; MORAES, C. C.; PURQUERIO, L.
F. V. Electrical conductivity of the nutrient solution and plant density in aeroponic production of seed potato
under tropical conditions (winter/spring). Bragantia, v. 76, n. 1, p. 23-32, 2017.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.022
CARDOSO, A. F.; CHARLO, H. C. O.; ITO, L. A.; CORÁ, J. E.; BRAZ, L. T. Caracterização física do
substrato reutilizado da fibra da casca de coco. Horticultura Brasileira, v. 28, p. 385-392, 2010
190
Seed potato… ALMEIDA, R F. et al.
Biosci. J., Uberlândia, v. 36, Supplement 1, p. 183-191, Nov./Dec. 2020
http://dx.doi.org/ BJ-v36n0a2020-53568
COMPANHIA NACIONAL DE ABASTECIMENTO. Boletim Hortigranjeiro. Brasília. v. 5, n. 2, 2019. 72p.
EMBRAPA- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária. Sistema de produção da Batata. 2016. Available
from: Accessed in December 22 2020.
EMBRAPA, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária. Manual de Métodos de Análise de Solo. 3 ed.
Brasília, (DF): Embrapa, 2017, 577 p.
FAVORETTO P. Parâmetros de crescimento e marcha de absorção de nutrientes na produção de
minitubérculos de batata cv. Atlantic. Dissertação (Mestrado em Agronomia)- ESALQ-Escola Superior de
Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Piracicaba, 2005.
FERNANDES, C.; CORÁ, J. E.; BRAZ, L. T. Alterações nas propriedades físicas de substratos para cultivo de
tomate cereja, em função de sua reutilização. Horticultura Brasileira, v. 24, p. 94-98, 2006.
GRIGORIADOU, K.; LEVENTAKIS, N. Large scale commercial production of potato minitubers, using in
vitro techniques. Potato Research, v. 42, p. 607-610, 1999.
LORENZI, J. O.; MONTEIRO, D. A.; MIRANDA FILHO, H. S.; RAIJ, B van. Recomendações de adubação
e calagem para o estado de São Paulo. Campinas: IAC, p.221-223, 1996. (Boletim Técnico, 100).
MARIN, M. V.; MELO, D. M.; GOMES, R. F.; SILVA, F. M.; CHARLO, H. C. O.; BRAZ, L. T.;
FERNANDES, C. F. Reuse of substrate and nutritive solution concentration on the cultivation of salad tomato.
Australian Journal of Crop Science, v. 11, n. 1, p. 102-111, 2017.
http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.2017.11.01.287
MATOS, A. T.; GARIGLIO, H. A. A.; MONACO, P. A. V. L. Deslocamento miscível de cátions provenientes
da vinhaça em colunas de solo. Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental, v. 17, n. 7, p. 743-
749, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1415-43662013000700008
MILAGRES, C. C.; FONTES, P. C. R.; PUIATTI, M.; SILVA, L. J. Mini-tubérculos de batata semente básica
produzidos sob parcelamento e doses de nitrogênio em substrato. Horticultura Brasileira, v. 31, p. 445-449,
2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-05362013000300016
MORAES, L.A.S.; CALORI, A. H.; FACTOR, T. L.; PATRICIO, F. R. A.; GHINI, R.; ABREU, M. F.;
PURQUERIO, L. F. V. Baby leaf lettuce production in trays with reused and solarized substrate. Horticultura
Brasileira, v. 34, p. 463-469, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-053620160403
PURQUERIO, L. F. V.; CALORI, A. H.; MORAES, L. A.S.; FACTOR, T. L.; TIVELLI, S. W. Produção de
baby leaf em bandejas utilizadas para produção de mudas e em hidroponia NFT. In: NASCIMENTO,
WM; PEREIRA, RB (Eds). Produção de mudas de hortaliças. Brasília: Embrapa. p. 221-253, 2016.
PURQUERIO, L. F. V.; TIVELLI, S. W. Manejo do ambiente em cultivo protegido. 2006. Available from:
. Accessed in December 22 2020.
SAMPAIO JÚNIOR, J. D.; FONTES, P. C.; MOREIRA, M. A.; GUIMARÃES, M. A. Produção de mini-
tubérculo semente de batata, em função de doses de nitrogênio aplicadas ao substrato. Bioscience Journal, v.
24, p. 1- 9, 2008.
SHAH, S. A.; MOHAMMAD, W.; SHAHZADI, S.; ELAHI, R.; ALI, A.; BASIR, A.; HAROON, A. The
effect of foliar application of urea, humic acid, and micronutrients on potato crop. Iran Agricultural
Research, v. 35, n. 1, p. 89-94., 2016.
SILVA, E. C.; GIUSTO, A. B.; DIAS, J. A. C. S. Produção de minitubérculos a partir de brotos de cultivares de
batata em diferentes combinações de substratos. Horticultura Brasileira, v. 24, p. 241-244, 2006.
191
Seed potato… ALMEIDA, R F. et al.
Biosci. J., Uberlândia, v. 36, Supplement 1, p. 183-191, Nov./Dec. 2020
http://dx.doi.org/ BJ-v36n0a2020-53568
SILVA JÚNIOR, J. M. T.; MENDES, P. F.; GOMES, V. F. F.; GUIMARÃES, F. V. A.; SANTOS, E. M.
Efeito da esterilização do substrato sobre o crescimento de mudas de meloeiro em presença de fungos
micorrízicos arbusculares e compostos orgânico. Revista Caatinga, v. 25, p. 98-103, 2012.
SORATTO, R. P.; FERNANDES, A. M.; SOUZA-SCHLICK, G. D. Extração e exportação de nutrientes em
cultivares de batata: II – micronutrientes. Revista Brasileira de Ciências do Solo, v. 35, p. 2057-2071, 2011.
SOUZA, C. B. S.; FONTES, P. C. R.; MOREIRA, M. A.; PUIATTI, M.; MARTINEZ, H. E. P.; ARAÚJO, R.
F. Production of basic potato seed minitubers in substrate and different nitrogen rates. Revista Ceres, v. 59, n.
6, p. 850-858, 2012.
SOUZA, C. B. S.; FONTES, P. C. R.; MOREIRA, M. A.; CECON, P. R.; PUIATTI, M. Produção de
minitubérculos de batata semente básica em hidroponia em função de doses de nitrogênio. Revista Ciência
Agronômica, v. 44, n. 4, p. 714-723, 2013.
URRESTARAZU, M.; GUILLÉN, C.; MAZUELA, P. C.; CARRASCO, G. Wetting effect on physical
properties of new and reused Rockwool and coconut coir waste. Scientia Horticulturae, v. 116, p. 104–108,
2008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2007.10.030
WROBEL, S. Assessment of potato microtuber and in vitro plantlet seed multiplication in field conditions –
Growth, development, and yield. Field Crops Research, v. 178, p. 26–33, 2015.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2015.03.011
ZHAO, J.; ZHANG, Y.; QIAN, Y.; PAN, Z.; ZHU, Y.; ZHANG, Y.; GUO, J.; XU, L. Coincidence of variation
in potato yield and climate in northern China. Science of the Total Environment, v. 573, p. 965–973, 2016.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.08.195