3. Nunik S (Contrasting).cdr

BIOTROPIA Vol. 18 No. 2, 2011: 81 - 93

CONTRASTING ARBOREAL AND TERRESTRIAL
BRYOPHYTES COMMUNITIES OF THE MOUNT
HALIMUN SALAK NATIONAL PARK, WEST JAVA

NUNIK S. ARIYANTI and SULISTIJORINI

Bryophytes are frequently neglected due to its small size and their economical
value is not much known. However, a recent study (Harris 2008) listed about 150
ethnobotanical species of bryophytes; about 27 percent of those species are used
in traditional Chinese medicine including which is used for
treating nervous disorder and cardiovascular disease. This species is also found at
Mount Gede Pangrango National Park (Hasan & Ariyanti 2004).

Bryophytes occupy a wide range of habitats, colonizing various terrestrial
substrates, tree trunks and tree canopies. Bryophytes represent important components
of forest floor and epiphyte communities in many ecosystems, contributing to forest
diversity, structure and ecosystem-level processes. Even bryophytes especially
liverworts are abundant and dominant in “cloud” or “mossy” forest.

Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences,
Bogor Agricultural University

Recipient of BIOTROP Research Grant 2009 / Accepted 30 April 2011

Bryophyte communities were compared between arboreal (trunk bases) and terrestrial
habitats in primary forest Mount Halimun Salak National Park, West Java. The communities
were analyzed based on species diversity, abundance, and biomass. A total of 150 bryophytes
species were identified, including 67 species of mosses (Bryopsida) and 83 of liverworts
(Hepaticopsida). Both bryophyte groups varied in diversity and abundance between arboreal
and terrestrial communities as well as among different elevations. Species diversity of arboreal
habitats (116 species) was higher than that of terrestrial habitats (64 species). Moss species were
more abundant in terms of coverage in terrestrial habitats whereas liverworts species were
more abundant in arboreal habitats. Species richness in both terrestrial and arboreal habitats
decreased towards higher elevation, whereas the abundance increased.

: Bryophytes, mosses, liverworts, terrestrial habitat, arboreal habitat

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

Key words

Rhododendron giganteum

Corresponding author : nuniksa@gmail.com

BIOTROPIA Vol. 18 No. 2, 2011

Despite of their traditional medicinal use, bryophytes have a range of important
roles to play in the environment. Bryophytes may serve as substrate for other plants
and offer shelter to small animals. Changes in epiphytic bryophyte assemblages affect
other canopy dwelling biota, such as vascular epiphytes, invertebrates, and especially
foraging birds (Sillet 1994; Andrew . 2003). The moist environment created by the
bryophytes is also quite favorable to the establishment and growth of important
groups of microorganisms, such as the nitrogen-fixing blue green algae (Gradstein

2001). The abundance of liverworts in “cloud” or “mossy” forest is considered an
important factor in eliminating the deteriorating effect of heavy rains, including
helping to prevent soil erosion and adding to hill stability (Pócs 1980). Bryophytes may
serve as potential indicators of climate changes since they are closely assosiated with
climatically sensitive habitat and ecosystem (Gignac 2001). In addition, bryophytes
have important contributions to forest nutrient cycling, particularly to N-cycling
(Longton 1984; Turetsky 2003).

Structure and floristic composition in tropical rain forests vary considerable. The
bryophyte flora of tropical rain forest changes significantly with elevation, different
taxa often occur in the different forest belts. Bryophytes are very useful indicators of
life zones and forest types in tropical mountain regions, since they have relatively
modest number of species and genera, very wide geographical ranges, and great
variation in biomass (Frahm & Gradstein 1991).

Studies dealing with diversity and abundance of bryophytes are more frequently
referred to temperate region and tropical America region (e.g. McGee & Kimmerer
2002; Sillet . 1995; Acebey . 2003; Nöske . 2008) than to tropical Asia.
Among a few ecological studies of bryophytes in tropical Asia (Frahm 1990; Sporn

. 2009; Gradstein & Culmsee 2010) is the diversity and abundance of epiphytic
bryophytes assessed in primary and secondary submontane rain forest and cacao
agroforestry in Sulawesi (Ariyanti . 2008). However, the study did not
simultaneously compare the community structures and contributions of both arboreal
(epiphytic) and terrestrial bryophyte species in the same ecosystem.

Although Java was considered well inventoried, recent publications dealing with
the bryophytes of Java are very few and a modern checklist for mosses is lacking. In
contrast, checklists of both mosses and liverworts of others major islands in Malesian
region (Borneo, Sulawesi, Philippines) have been provided (Ariyanti & Gradstein
2007; Ariyanti . 2009; Gradstein . 2005; Menzel 1988; Tan & Engel 1986; Tan &
Iwatsuki 1991; Suleiman . 2006). Söderström . (2010) published a first modern
checklist of the liverworts and hornworts of Java and reported more than 600 species
for the island. Of these, 479 are accepted species as currently understood based on
revision and monographs; the remaining species are little known or of doubtful status,
or invalid names.

This research examines bryophyte communities in understory forest of Mount
Halimun, West Java, Indonesia. Mosses of Mount Halimun have recently been
inventoried (Tan ., Reinwardtia 12(3): 205-214. 2006) but liverworts and hornworts
of the mountain have not yet been reported. There are two primary aims: to assess and
compare bryophyte communities in two different substrate type (arboreal and
terrestrial) and different altitudes of study sites.

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Arboreal and terrestrial bryophytes communities - Nunik S. Ariyanti .et al

MATERIALS AND METHODS

RESULTS

Study Area

Terrestrial Sampling

Arboreal Sampling

Data Analysis

Species Diversity

The study took place at Mount Halimun which is located in Mount Halimun Salak
National Park, West Java province, Indonesia 106º12’ - 106º45’ East, 06º32 - 06º55
South. The four study sites were established at different altitudes: at 1730 m (site 1),
1250 m (site 2), 1100.m (site 3) and 1000. m (site 4).

At each of the four study sites, a plot of 30 x 30 m was established. At each plot,
terrestrial and arboreal bryophyte diversity were estimated based on species richness
and abundance (cover cm and frequency %); the total biomass of the several most
dominant species were surveyed; the forest stand and vascular plant characteristics
were inventoried. Field samplings were done between July and August 2009.

Methods for terrestrial diversity sampling referred to (Botting . 2008) with few
modifications. At each plot of 30 x 30 m, two parallel 30 m transects were established
10 m apart, along which the bryophytes were surveyed in 1 x 1 m subplot placed at five
equi-distant points on the transect. Each species present was recorded and collected
for future identification; the coverage (cm of cover) and frequency (%) of each
species occurred in the subplots were recorded based on the quadrat 20 x 30 cm.

Arboreal bryophytes were sampled on five selected trees per plot of 30 x 30 cm
following Ariyanti . (2008) and Botting . (2008) with modifications. Selected
arboreal sampling trees supporting bryophytes are the trees of more than 20 cm of
diameter breast high. Five quadrats of 20 x 30 cm were placed at different directions
of 0-200 m high of tree trunk. Each species present on the quadrat was recorded or
collected for future identification. The coverage (cm cover) and frequency (%) of the
species in a quadrat of 20 x 30 cm were also recorded.

Species identification was done using the following literature: Eddy (1988; 1990;
1996) and Bartram (1039) for the mosses, draft version of Gradstein (2011) for the
liverworts. An Analysis of variance (ANOVA) with the main fixed effects of altitude
(plots at different altitude) and substrates type (arboreal and terrestrial) were used to
evaluate bryophyte communities in the understorey forest with respect to species
richness, coverage.

In total, 150 bryophytes species were identified across the terrestrial and
arboreal (trunk bases) habitats in the primary forest of the Mount Halimun Salak
National Park. They consist of 67 species of mosses (Bryopsida) and 83 species of

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liverwort (Hepaticopsida). In this research we did not found any hornwort species
(Antocerotopsida) in the plots. Hornwort commonly occurs in humid, non-forest
terrestrial habitats such as river bunk or the open slope of forest margins. Arboreal
bryophytes with 116 species found on the base of tree trunks seems more diverse
than those of terrestrial bryophytes with 64 species, identified from various substrates
such as rotten log, root of trees, rock, and humus. Thirty three species were identified
from both terrestrial and arboreal substrates. The lists of species found in the study
sites is presented in Appendix 1.

The total number of species found in the plots of 30 x 30 m ranged from
46 species in plot III to 79 species in plot IV. Species richness of arboreal bryophytes
in the plots was higher than that of terrestrial bryophytes and varied from 38 to 64
(Fig. 1). Among the arboreal bryophytes, the number of liverworts species in each
plot mostly was higher than those of mosses species. On the other hand, the terrestrial
bryophytes composed of more mosses than liverworts species.

Species richness and abundance

BIOTROPIA Vol. 18 No. 2, 2011

27
22

A T A+T A T A+T A T A+T A T A+T
Plot I Plot II Plot III Plot IV

Figure 1. The species number of liverworts ( ) and mosses ( ) on arboreal (A) and terrestrial (T) substrates in
plot I, II, III, and IV (30 x 30 m) that located at different altitudes

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Figure 2. The average of species number of liverworts ( ) and mosses ( ) of arboreal bryophytes in each tree
trunk base in plot (30 x 30 m) I, II, III, and IV

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Terrestrial bryophytes Arboreal bryophytes
Plot / Species Coverage cm 2 Plot / Species Coverage cm 2

Plot I Plot I
Hypnodendron sp. 1 60.1 ± 17.8 Syrrhopodon tristichus 119.7 ± 61.2

Trismegistia regida 48 ± 33.2 Plagiochila frondescens 95.5 ± 52.4

Bazzania sp. 1 24.8 ± 15.5 Schistochila sciurea 95.3 ± 50.2

Pogonatum macrophyllum 24 ± 24.0 Bazz ania tridens 94.4 ± 52.6

Trichosteleum elegantissimum 19 ± 14 .0 Plagiochila dendroides 85.3 ± 49.5

Bazzania vittata 18.0 ± 12.4 Bazzania vittata 81.2 ± 43.7

Plot II Plot II
Callyscostella papillata 58.6 ± 29.3 Spruceanthus polymorphus 21.4 ± 10.7

Heteroscyphus argutus 26.9 ±15.66 Plagiochila sciophyla 18.8 ± 12.4

Lejeunea anisophylla 18.6 ± 18.6 Heteroscyphus argutus 17.7 ± 9.6

Telanarea neesii 15.8 ± 10.9 Exostratum blumei 14.2 ± 13.5

Vesicularia reticulata 15.5 ± 9.2 Leucophanes massartii 14.2 ± 10.9

Distichophyllum schmidtii 11.8 ± 8.3 Plagiochila javanica 12.2 ± 8.5

Plot III Plot III
Callyscostella papillata 65.8 ± 57.4 Lejeunea anisophylla 36.0 ± 18.2

Heteroscyphus argutus 30.8 ± 26.4
Mitth yridium

junquilianum 28.9 ± 15.9

Achanthorrinchium papillatum 30.5 ± 18.4 Radula javanica 20.0 ± 9.6

Vesicularia reticulata 24.3 ± 16.3 Mitthyridium flavum 19.4 ± 10.1

Lejeunea anisophylla 23.3 ± 18.4
Acanthorrhyncium

papillatum 10.4 ± 7.0

Telanarea neesii 18.6 ± 15.5 Lepidozia wallichiana 10.2 ± 10.2

Plot IV Plot IV
Trichosteleum boschii 33.1 ± 19.0 Syrrhopodon muelleri 19.6 ± 13.3

Achanthorrynchium papillatum 31.7 ± 31.7 Plagiochila propingua 14.5 ± 10.8

Isopterygium albesce ns 17.6 ± 12.5 Thysananthus retusus 13.9 ± 8.8

Heteroscyphus argutus 14.0 ± 7.1 Radula javanica 13.1 ± 8.8

Isopterygium bancanum 12.1 ± 9.0 Pyrrobryum spiniforme 12.7 ± 12.7

Chaetomitrium lanceolatum 6.5 ± 6.5
Acroporium

lamprophyllum 9.4 ± 9.0

Table 1. The six highest coverage (cm , ± standard error) of terrestrial and arboreal bryophytes species in
quadrates of quadrat (20 x 30 cm) in plot I, II, III, and IV. See also Appendix 1.

Bryophytes found at trunk bases (0-2 m) ranged from 11 to 28 species. Each
tree trunk base mostly had more liverworts (6 - 13 species) than mosses (5 - 6 species)
(Fig. 2). Though the difference was not significant (ANOVA, n=5, p=0.05), the
number of liverworts and mosses in plot IV was slightly higher than those in other
plots. On the contrary, plot II has lower species richness than the other plots.

Species abundance of bryophytes that were estimated based on bryophytes
coverage on the substrate showed that the most dominant species of terrestrial
bryophytes (indicated by high coverage) is mostly included in the group of mosses,
whereas most of arboreal bryophytes having high coverage are the liverworts species.
In common, coverage of arboreal species is higher than that of terrestrial species
(Table 1).

Though species richness in the plot IV was higher than that of other plots, the
coverage of species in plots IV was lower than those in other plots. The arboreal
species with the highest coverage in plot IV is which covered aboutSyrrhopodon muelleri

Arboreal and terrestrial bryophytes communities - Nunik S. Ariyanti .et al

BIOTROPIA Vol. 18 No. 2, 2011

Table 2. The species of arboreal and terrestrial bryophytes occurred at least 20% of sampled quadrates
(n = 25) in plot I, II, III, and IV. See also Appendix 1.

Arboreal bryophytes Terrestrial bryophytes

Plot / Species
Frekuency of
occurance (%)

Plot I Plot I
Syrrhopodon tristichus 80 Hypnodendron sp. 1 40

Leucobryum javense 40

Trichosteleum

elegantissimum 24

Bazzania vittata 40

Plagiochila frondescens 36

Plagiochilion oppositum 36

Schistochila sci urea 28

Plagiochila dendroides 24

Radula javanica 20

Plot II Plot II
Lejeunea anisophyla 28 Callyscostella papillata 20

Lopidium trichocladon 24 Heteroscyphus argutus 20

Heteroscyphus argutus 24

Spruceanthus polymorphus 24

Pinnatella sp. 1 20

Radula multiflora 20

Plot III Plot III
Lejeunea anisophyla 44 Trichosteleum boschii 24

Mitthyridium junquilianum 24

Harpalejeunea filicuspis 24

Lejeunea discreta 24

Radula javanica 24

Leucophanes octoblepharoides 20

Mitthyri dium flavum 20

Mitthyridium wallisii 20

Thysananthus spatulistipus 20

Plot IV Plot IV
Leucophanes octoblepharoides 28 Heteroscyphus argutus 20

Heteroscyphus argutus 28

Schistochila aligera 28

Cheilolejeunea ceylanica 24

Acroporium lam prophyllum 20

Leucophanes massartii 20

Plagiochila bantamensis 20

Radula javanica 20

20 cm (3.3%) of the quadrats. The arboreal species with highest coverage is
in plot I that covered 120 cm (20%) of the quadrates. The six most

abundant species in the plot I covered more than 80 cm (13.3%) area of quadrate,
whereas the six most abundant species in others plot cover less than 40 cm (6.7%) of
the quadrates (Table 1).

Distributions of species in the plots are mostly rare. Most species were found in
only one of 25 sampled quadrates. Some species are found only twice and others more
often in the quadrates (Appendix 1). Only two species were found in more than 10
quadrates. The common species found in at least 20% of the sampled quadrates are

Syrrhopodon tristichus

listed in Table 2. Liverwort species are more numerous in the arboreal plots (16
species, of 26 species in total), whereas mosses are more numerous in the terrestrial
plots (4 of 5 in total).

Among the species which have high frequency of occurrence is the epiphytic
mosses in plot I which were found at twenty quadrates. The
frequency of occurrence of the species is about 80 %. Other species were often
found in the plot are , , (both species are epiphytic
species in plot I) sp. 1, and (both are terrestrial
species in plot I and II respectively), all of those species have 40 % of the frequency
of occurrence (Table 2).

The bryophyte diversity at natural primary forest of the Mount Halimun Salak
National Park Hutan is quite high, it comprises no less than 150 species found across
the arboreal (trunk bases) and terestrial habitates. The arboreal diversity is almost as
high as in the submontane forest area of Lore Lindu National Park, Central Sulawesi,
where Ariyanti . (2008) found about 169 bryophytes species on trunk bases in
twelve plots. The slightly higher figure for Central Sulawesi is perhaps because the
research in Central Sulawesi was conducted in three forest types (natural primary
forest, secondary forest, cacao agroforest), while the present research was conducted
in primary forest only.

The result of arboreal species (116 species) that were inventoried from 20 sample
trees was higher compared with the number of species collected from fewer tree
samples and reported for primary submontane (1100 m), lower montane (1400 m) and
upper montane (3250 m) forest in Lore Lindu Park, Central Sulawesi, by Gradstein &
Culmsee (2010). Having the same number of tree samples, Ariyanti . 2008
collected 112 species from primary submontane (1000 m) forest in Lore Lindu
National Park. The arboreal diversity would have been much higher when the whole
trees would have been inventoried. Sporn . (2009) collected more epiphitic species
than Ariyanti . (2008) from the same locations studied by Ariyanti . (2008).
However, Sporn . (2009) sampled the whole trees (the tree trunk and canopy).

When species richness of arboreal and terrestrial bryophyte are compared, the
richness of terrestrial bryophytes is lower than that of arboreal species in all the plots.
It is not in accordance with the richness of terrestrial bryophytes at the temperate
spruce forest which species richness of terrestrial bryophyte exceeds those of
arboreal bryophytes (Botting . 2008). Tropical rain forests are characterized by
high diversity of big tree plants which offers various habitats for epiphytic bryophytes,
it perhaps relates to the high diversity of arboreal bryophytes at tropical forest than
those at temperate forest in which commonly dominated by several tree species. On
the other hand, understorey habitat are covered by canopy forest that determined light
intensity penetrating to the ground for bryophytes photosynthesis. More over, the low
rate of litter decomposition in the tropical forest may affect the substrates availability
for terrestrial bryophytes. The terrestrial substrates in the understorey of primary

Syrrhopodon tristichus

Leucobryum javense Bazzania vittata
Hypnodendron Taxithelium isocladum

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DISCUSSION

Arboreal and terrestrial bryophytes communities - Nunik S. Ariyanti .et al

BIOTROPIA Vol. 18 No. 2, 2011

forest in the Mount Halimun Salak National Park were restricted, since the ground
was mostly covered by leaf litters, herbs and scrub plants. Terrestrial bryophytes were
found growing in mats or clusters at patched substrates such as rotten log, humus, or
rock at slightly open area in the forest understorey.

The greater richness of the arboreal habitat than the terrestrial habitat has been
discussed by numerous authors (Richards 1984; Gradstein & Pocs 1989; Frahm 1990;
Frahm & Gradstein 1991; Gradstein . ; Gradstein & Culmsee 2010). Richards
(1984) mentioned that bryophytes may be absent on undisturbed soil in lowland rain
forests and only locally common in montane forests. Gradstein & Culmsee (2010) also
reported that for the arboreal species: liverworts species richness increased toward
higher elevation, whereas moss richness decreased.

Bryophytes may represent important components of forest floor and epiphytes
communities in the forest ecosystem, contributing high number of species to forest
diversity. Vegetation analysis of corridors forest at the Mount Halimun Salak National
Park conducted by Sambas and Purwaningsih yield about 27 - 36 species of tree
plants in the plot of 0.2 ha (http://www.tnhalimun.go.id/document.php/
document/article/49/38/). Based on this research it appeared that the richness of
bryophytes may exceed that of the tree plant. Based on the species number in the plots,
it is estimated that bryophytes may contribute about 46 - 79 species to the plants
community in the forest of the Mount Halimun Salak National Park.

Though the difference was not statistically significant (ANOVA, n=25, p=0.05),
species richness in the plot at higher altitude (plot I, 1730 m) tend tobe lower than
those at the lower altitudes (plot IV, 1000 m). The differences in species richness was
also reported by Gradstein and Culmsee (2010) that occurred between lower montane
and upper montane rain forest of Lore Lindu National Park in Central Sulawesi. On
the other hand, species abundance of bryophytes at higher altitude was higher than
those at lower altitudes. The result is in accordance with that of tropical American
forest that the coverage of bryophytes increased with the increase of the altitude
(Gradstein & Pocs 1989) and also observed between lower montane and upper
montane rain forest of Lore Lindu National Park (Gradstein & Culmsee 2010)

Some terrestrial species that have highest coverage in the plots were the mosses
species of , , dan . Those three
species were common species, they were often found in the plots (with the frequency
of occurrence of about 20 % and they are included in the family Hypnodendraceae,
Hookeriaceae, and Sematophyllaceae, respectively. The most dominant arboreal
species in terms of coverage are ,

(Calymperaceae), ,
(Lejeuneaceae), , , and
(Plagiochilaceae). The moss species of and the liverwort species
of were also the most common species which occurred in 40 % of
the 25 quadrate samples. This result is relevant to the bryophytes commonly found in
oligophotic habitat such as the understorey forest consisting of many dendroid,
feather or bracket-type of mosses and liverworts which are specific of this type
habitats. These bryophytes belong to the family of Hookeriaceae, Pterobryaceae,
Neckeraceae, Plagiochilaceae, and Lejeuneaceae (Gradstein & Pocs 1989).

et al 2001

Hypnodendron Calicostella papillata Trichosteleum boschii

Syrrhopodon tristichus Syrrhopodon muelleri, Mitthyridium
junquilianum Spruceanthus polymor phus Lejeunea anisophylla

Plagiochila frondescens Plagiochila sciophyla Plagiochila frondescens
Syrrhopodon tristichus

Lejeunea anisophyla

CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

Bryophytes communities at primary forest of the Mount Halimun Salak National
Park comprised about 150 species of liverworts and mosses found across various
terrestrial and arboreal substrates. The species diversity of arboreal bryophytes at 900
1730 m is higher than those of terrestrial bryophytes. Forest at the higher elevation
tends to have lower species richness than that at lower elevation. In the contrary, the
bryophytes abundances are higher at high elevation compared to that at lower
elevation.

We would like to thank Prof. S. Robbert Gradstein (Museum National D'histoire
Naturale, Department Systematique et Evolution) for the valuable suggestions and
review of this manuscript. Indah Wahyuni, Dian Apriani, Marinda Sari Sofiyana, and
Saiful Bachri assisted us with collecting samples in the field. Funding for this study
was provided by research project of DIPA-BIOTROP DIKTI 2009.

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The Bryologist,

et al

Appendix 1. Alphabetical list of arboreal and terrestrial bryophyte species collected in the plots. a = arboreal; t =
terrestrial; + = present; - = absent.

Species Habitat Plot I Plot II Plot III Plot IV
Mosses:
Acanthorrhyncium papillatum a, t - - + -

Acroporium diminutum a, t + - + +

Acroporium hamulatum t + - - -

Acroporium lamprophyllum a, t + + + +

Acroporium rufum a, t + - + +

Acroporium sec undum a + - - -

Acroporium sigmatodontium a, t + - - +

Callyscostella papillata t - + - +

Chaetomitrium lanceolatum t - - - +

Dicranoloma blumii t - + - -

Dicranoloma braunii a, t + - - +

Dicranoloma brevisetum a, t + + - +

Distichophyllum schmidtii t - + - -

Distichophyllum sp. 1 t + - - +

Ectropothecium sp. 1 t + - + -

Exostratum blumei a,t - + - +

Fissiden crassinervis var. laxus t - - - +

Fissidens gedehensis a - + - -

Fissidens hollianus a, t - + - -

Floribundaria floribunda a, t - + - -

Himantocladium plumula a - - - +

Homaliodendron flabellatum a - + - -

Homaliodendron javanicum a - - - +

Hypnaceae sp. 1 t - + - -

Hypnodendron sp. 1 t + - - -

Isopterygium albescens a, t + - + +

Isopterygium bancanum a, t - - - +

Isopterygium minu tirameum a, t + - - +

Leucobryum bowringii a - - - +

Leucobryum candidum t - - - +

Leucobryum javense a, t + + + +

Leucobryum juniperoideum a - - + -

Leucophanes massartii a, t - + + +

Leucophanes octoblepharoides a, t - + + +

Lopidium sp. 1 a - - - +

Lopidium struthiopteris a - + - -

Lopidium trichocladon a - + - -

Mitthyridium flavum a - - + -

Mitthyridium junquilianum a, t - - + -

Mitthyridium wallisii a, t - - + -

Neckera tjibodensis a - - - +

Pelekium velatum a, t - + - -

Pinnatella anac amptolepis a - + - -

Pinnatella cf. ambigua a - - - +

Pinnatella microptera a - + - -

Pinnatella sp. 1 a - + - -
Pogonatum macrophylum t + - - -

Pterobryopsis gedehensis a - - - +

Pyrrobryum medium a - + - -

Pyrrobryum spiniforme a + + - +

Arboreal and terrestrial bryophytes communities - Nunik S. Ariyanti .et al

Species Habitat Plot I Plot II Plot III Plot IV
Symphyso dontella attenuatula a - - - +

Symphysodontella cylindrica a - - - +

Syrrhopodon albovaginatus a - - + -

Syrrhopodon muelleri a - - + +

Syrrhopodon prolifer a - - + -

Syrrhopodon tristichus a, t + - + -

Taxithelium instratum a - - - +

Taxithelium is ocladum t + - - -

Trichosteleum boschii t - - + +

Trichosteleum elegantissimum a, t + - + -

Trimegistia calderensis a + - - -

Liverworts:
Acromastigum divaricatum a + - + -

Aneura pinguis t - + - -

Archilejeunea planiuscula a - - - +

Bazzania intermedia a + + - +

Bazzania sp. 1 a - - - +

Bazzania sp. 2 a - - + -

Bazzania sp. 3 a - - - +

Bazzania sp. 4 a + - - -

Bazzania tridens a + - + +

Bazzania vittata a, t + + + -

Bazzania wallisiana a + - - -

Calypogaea goebelii a + - - -

Ceratolej eunea belangeriana a - - - +

Cheilolejeunea ceylanica a, t - - + +

Cheilolejeunea imbricata a - - + +

Cheilolejeunea longiloba a + - - +

Chiloscyphus minor a - - - +

Chiloscyphus muricatus a - - - +

Cololejeunea sp. 1 t - - + -

Drepanolejeunea angus tifolia a + - - -

Drepanolejeunea ternatensis a + - + -

Frullania apiculata a - - + +

Harpalejeunea filicuspis a - - + -

Harpalejeunea filicuspis t - - + -

Herbertus dricanus a + - - -

Heteroscyphus argutus a, t - + + +

Heteroscyphus coalitus t - + - -

Heteroscyphus succulenthus a, t - + - +

Heteroscyphus zollingeri t + - - +

Jubula sp. 1 t + - - -

Kurzia gonyotricha a + - - -

Lejeunea anisophyla a, t + + + +

Lejeunea discreta a + - + +

Lejeunea eifigri a - + - -

Lejeunea exilis a - - - +
Lejeunea obscura a, t - + + +

Lejeunea punctiformis a - - - +

Lejeunea sordida a - - + +

Lejeunea sp. 1 a - + + -

Lepidolejeunea bidentula a - - + -

Appendix 1. Continued

BIOTROPIA Vol. 18 No. 2, 2011

Appendix 1. Continued

Species Habitat Plot I Plot II Plot III Plot IV
Lepidolejeunea integristipula a - - - +

Lepidozia hasskarliana a + - - -

Lepidozia trichodes a - + - -

Lepidozia wallichiana a, t + - + -

Leujenea anisophyla a - + - -

Lophocolea bidentata a, t - - + +

Lophocolea minor t - + - -

Lopholejeunea eulopha a - - - +

Lopholejeunea horticola a - - - +

Lopholejeunea nigricans a - - - +

Lopholejeunea subfus ca a - - - +

Lopholejeunea zollingeri a + - - +

Mastigolejeunea auriculata a - + - -

Metalejeunea cuculata a - - - +

Metzgeria leptoneura a + - - -

Metzgeria sp. 1 a - - - +

Plagiochila bantamensis a - + - +

Plagiochila dendroides a + + - -

Plagio chila frondescens a + + - +

Plagiochila javanica a - + - +

Plagiochila junghunhiana a, t - + + +

Plagiochila obtusa a - - - +

Plagiochila parvifolia t - - - +

Plagiochila pleurata a - - + -

Plagiochila propingua a + - - +

Plagiochila sciophyla a, t + + - +

Plagiochilion oppositum a + - - +

Pticanthus striatus a - + - -

Radula javanica a + - + +

Radula multiflora a - + - +

Radula retroflexa a - + + +

Riccardia sp. 1 t - + - -

Schistochila aligera a - - - +

Schistochila doriae a - + - -

Schistochila sciurea a + - - -

Spruceanthus polymorphus a - + - -

Telenarea neesii a, t + + - +

Thysananthus retusus a - - - +

Thysananthus spatulistipus a - - + +

Trichocolea tomentella a, t + - - +

Zoopsis liukiuensis t + - - -

Arboreal and terrestrial bryophytes communities - Nunik S. Ariyanti .et al