biotropia: A Pathfinder

This is a computer-generated pathfinder created against the Distant Reader study called biotropia.

Each Distant Reader study carrel is composed of many individual items. Each item is bibliographically described with author, title, date, summary, and keyword values. Below is a list of the items' most signficant keywords as well as lists of the items themselves. Purpusing the content of this pathfinder provides the student, researcher, or scholar with one way to get their heads around the scope of the carrel. The keywords include:

Page; Plant; Growth; Forest; Soil; Water; Area; Indonesia; Diversity; Fungi; Samples; Bacteria; Analysis; Plants; Activity; Production; Isolates; Dna; Leaf; Tree; Gene; Control; Mangrove; Total; Acid; Food; Protein; Rice; Treatment; Distribution; Table; Fish; Land; Seeds; Leaves; Cells; Biomass; Moisture; Storage; Aflatoxin; Culture; Feed; Oil; Trees; Root; Compounds; Medium; Philippines; Structure; Java; Population; Palm; Days; Germination; Temperature; Flavus; Seed; Media; Bogor; Thailand; Spot; Strain; Data; Weed; Properties; River; North; Soybean; Ecosystem; Percentage; Ppm; Method; Results; Studies; Sumatra; Length; Snails; Ppt; Spores; Strains; Post; Identification; Cerana; Fishes; Sperm; Galls; Shape; Amblyomma; Cattle; Hal; Interface; Diamondback; Alex; Plnat; Solok; Lulut; Hanudin; Molecular).cdr; Handoko

Depending on how this pathfinder was created, many of the bibliographic sections will include elaborations on the meaning(s) of the given keywords. These elaborations were generated by feeding the items' summaries to a large langauge model and asking the model to address the question, "What is X?", where "X" is the keyword. The result will be a few sentences of elaboration. Be forewarned. The elaborations are often plausible, but they should not be take as truth. Instead, they should be taken as points for consideration.

• WATER POLLUTION LEVELS IN THE SUWUNG ESTUARY, BALI, BASED ON BIOLOGICAL OXYGEN DEMAND by Saraswati, Ni Luh Gede Rai Ayu; Arthana, I Wayan; Risuana, I Gede Surya; Hendrawan, I Gede (2018) - Ni Luh Gede Rai Ayu Saraswati et al.cdr Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 8. Keywords: page
• USE OF LANDSAT IMAGERY TO MAP SPREAD OF THE INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES Acacia nilotica IN BALURAN NATIONAL PARK, INDONESIA by Sutomo, Sutomo; van Etten, Eddie; Iryadi, Rajif (2019) - 1007-layout.cdr Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 Page 9 sri-10. Keywords: page
• Calamus vitiensis (ARECACEAE), A NEW RECORD OF RATTAN IN SUMBAWA ISLAND, INDONESIA by Rustiami, Himmah; Sulistyaningsih, Lulut Dwi (2018) - 7. Himmah Rustiami & Lulut Dwi Sulistyaningsih.cdr Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Keywords: page
• EVALUATION OF REVEGETATION PRACTICES IN POST-MINED AREAS OF INDONESIA by Wijayanti, Meilina; Kapp, Gerald; Mansur, Irdika (2020) - 1031.cdr Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 Page 9 Page 10 Keywords: page
• EFFECTS OF RED YAM FLOUR (Ipomoea batatas L.) ON THE GROWTH, SURVIVAL RATE AND SKIN COLOR OF GOLDFISH (Carassius auratus) by Putra, Dedi Fazriansyah; Armaya, Lia; El Rahimi, Sayyid Afdhal; Othman, Norhayati (2019) - 1036-fiks.cdr Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Keywords: page
• PREVALENCE OF mcr-1 COLISTIN-RESISTANT GENE IN Escherichia coli ALONG THE BROILER MEAT SUPPLY CHAIN IN INDONESIA by Palupi, Maria Fatima; Wibawan, I Wayan Teguh; Sudarnika, Etih; Maheshwari, Hera; Darusman, Huda Shalahudin (2019) - 1054-fiks.cdr Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 Page 9 Page 10 Page 11 Keywords: page
• ADDITION OF ESSENTIAL OIL SOURCE, Amomum compactum Soland. ex Maton, AND ITS EFFECT ON RUMINAL FEED FERMENTATION IN-VITRO by Kurniawati, Asih; Widodo, Widodo; Artama, Wayan Tunas; Yusiati, Lies Mira (2019) - 1089.cdr Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 Page 9 Keywords: page
• CARBON SEQUESTRATION OF MANGROVE ECOSYSTEM IN SEGARA ANAKAN LAGOON, INDONESIA by Hilmi, Endang; Sari, Lilik Kartika; Cahyo, Tri Nur; Kusmana, Cecep; Suhendang, Endang (2019) - Excoecaria agallocha Xylocarpus spp. Aegiceras spp. Keywords: page
• EFFECTS OF PHOTOPERIODS ON THE CLONED GtH GENES IN HARD-LIPPED BARB (Osteochilus hasseltii) by Prayogo, Norman Arie; Pramono, Taufik Budi; Siregar, Asrul Sahri; Sukardi, Purnama; Kawaichi, Masashi (2019) - 1100.cdr Post spawning periods N o rm al liz ed G tH -I m R N A le ve ls 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 W0 W2 W4 W6 W8 LP C SP Post spawning periods N o rm al liz ed G tH -I I m R N A le ve ls 5 4.5 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 W0 W2 W4 W6 W8 LP C SP Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 Page 9 Page 10 Keywords: page
• EFFECTS OF DIETARY PROBIOTIC Bacillus NP5 ON THE GROWTH PERFORMANCES OF CATFISH (Clarias sp.) by Putra, Achmad Noerkhaerin; Mustahal, Mustahal; Syamsunarno, Mas Bayu (2019) - 1102-layout.cdr Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 Page 9 sri-06. Keywords: page
• Spirulina platensis DIET FOR MILKFISH, Chanos chanos, LARVAE by Sukardi, Purnama; Yansah, Noprie; Winanto, Tjahyo; Marnani, Sri; Prayogo, Norman Arie; Harisam, Taufan; Sudaryono, Agung (2019) - Sp e ci fi c gr o w th r at e ( % ) Treatment Treatment T1 T1 T2 T2 Control C a * a * a * a * a * a * 0.014 0.012 0.01 0.008 0.006 0.004 0.002 0 A v e ra g e d a il y g ro w th r a te ( g /d a y ) Treatment P1 P2 K a * a * a * Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Keywords: page
• GENETIC IDENTIFICATION OF SEA HOLLY (Acanthus ilicifolius) THROUGH DNA BARCODING FROM COASTAL CILACAP, CENTRAL JAVA, INDONESIA by Harisam, Taufan; Haryono, Florencius Eko Dwi; Marhaeni, Bintang; Amron, Amron; Prayogo, Norman Arie; Sukardi, Purnama (2019) - sri-07. 1105-layout.cdr 510 520 530 540 550 Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 Page 9 Keywords: page
• INTESTINAL HISTOLOGY OF THE GROUPER Epinephelus lanceolatus × fuscoguttatus ADMINISTERED WITH SIMPLICIA PAPAYA by Rostika, Rita; Yustiati, Ayu; Rizal, Achmad; Rudyansyah, Mochammad; Dewanti, Lantun Paradhita (2019) - 1107.cdr A D E B C Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Keywords: page
• EFFECTS OF HUMIC ACID ADDITION TO FEEDS WITH HEAVY METAL CADMIUM CONTAMINATION FROM GREEN MUSSELS ON THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF ASIAN SEABASS by Rasidi, Rasidi; Jusadi, Dedi; Setiawati, Mia; Yuhana, Munti; Jr., Muhammad Zairin; Sugama, Ketut (2019) - 1114.cdr Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 Keywords: page
• EFFECT OF POWDER AND LIQUID PREPARATIONS OF PROBIOTICS ON WHITE SHRIMP (Litopenaeus vannamei) GROWTH PERFORMANCE by Safitri, Ratu; Andriani, Yuli; Sunendi, Sunendi; Iskandar, Iskandar; Buwono, Ibnu Dwi (2020) - 1124.cdr Liquid (Commercial) Liquid Powder Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 Page 9 Page 10 Keywords: page
• PREVENTION METHODS AGAINST Aeromonas hydrophila AND Pseudomonas fluorescens INFECTION IN TILAPIA by Hardi, Esti Handayani; Nugroho, Rudi Agung; Kusuma, Irawan Wijaya; Suwinarti, Wiwin; Anjani, Ryan; Aziza, Aziza (2020) - 1131.cdr Prevention methods of A. hydrophila and P. fluorescens infection in tilapia Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 Page 9 Page 10 Page 11 Page 12 Page 13 Keywords: page
• DIVERSITY AND ECOLOGY OF UNDERSTORY PLANT IN SEMPU ISLAND, EAST JAVA, INDONESIA by Hapsari, Lia; Abywijaya, Ilham Kurnia; Nurfadilah, Siti; Rindyastuti, Ridesti (2020) - 1145.cdr Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 Page 9 Page 10 Page 11 Page 12 Page 13 Page 14 Page 15 Page 16 Keywords: page
• HYPER-SOLUBILIZING TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE MUTANTS OF Klebsiella sp. GMD08 by Ariyanti, Nur Fitriana; Widada, Jaka; Subandiyah, Siti (2020) - 1150.cdr PB116 PB122 WT B Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 Page 9 Page 10 Keywords: page
• INFLUENCE OF WATER STRESS AND PLANT AGE ON THE YIELD AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF ESSENTIAL OIL FROM Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt by Abduh, Muhammad Yusuf; Ibarahim, Izni Nur; Atika, Ulya; Manurung, Robert; Suheryadi, Dedi (2019) - Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 sri-09. Keywords: page
• ANTIFUNGAL Citrus hystrix EXTRACT AS NATURAL FOOD PRESERVATIVE by Nisa, Khoirun; Herawati, Ervika Rahayu Novita; Nurhayati, Septi; Rosyida, Vita Taufika (2020) - 1154.cdr Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 Keywords: page
• GROWTH, PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND PROLINE ACCUMULATION OF METAL-ACCUMULATOR WEEDS by Hamim, Hamim; Apriani, Rani; Saprudin, Deden; Sulistyaningsih, Yohana C (2020) - 1200.cdr Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 Page 9 Page 10 Page 11 Page 12 Page 13 Page 14 Page 15 Keywords: page
• MONITORING OF Cacatua sulphurea abbotti POPULATION IN MASAKAMBING ISLAND, INDONESIA by Nandika, Dudi; Mulyani, Yeni Aryati; Prawiradilaga, Dewi Malia; Agustina, Dwi (2020) - 1229.cdr Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 Page 9 Page 10 Page 11 Keywords: page
• PHYTASE PRODUCTION BY Enterobacter cloacae by Suliasih, Suliasih; Widawati, Sri (2020) - 1233.cdr Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 Page 9 Page 10 Keywords: page
• CHARACTERIZATION OF RHIZOBACTERIA ISOLATES FROM SOIL AND NODULES by Widawati, Sri; Suliasih, Suliasih; Susilowati, Dwi Ningsih; Muramatsu, Yuki; Sudiana, I Made (2020) - 1241.cdr Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 Page 9 Page 10 Page 11 Page 12 Keywords: page
• POTENCY OF YEAST AS A BIOCONTROL AGENT OF OCHRATOXIN A-PRODUCING FUNGI AND ITS EFFECT ON ARABICA COFFEE TASTE by Dharmaputra, Okky S.; Retnowati, Ina; Nurfadila, Nijma (2023) - 1379 Okky Setyawati Dharmaputra et al..cdr Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 Page 9 Page 10 01. Keywords: page
• MOLECULAR DOCKING ANALYSIS OF SELECTED CURCUMA XANTHORRHIZA CONSTITUENTS AS POTENTIAL ANTICANCER DRUG by Endang Zainal Hasan, Akhmad; Artika, I Made; Suryani; Luthfi Ramadhani, Dhani (2023) - Akmad Endang Zainal Hasan et al..cdr Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 Page 9 Page 10 02. 1386 Keywords: page
• Morphological Characteristics and Reproductive Organs Assessment of Blue-Spotted Mudskipper Boleophthalmus Boddarti in Peninsular Malaysia by Mohd Nor, Nur-Hidayah; Saifuzzaman, Syazwin-Rafhanah; Azmir, Izzati Adilah; Hussin, Norjasmin (2023) - Nur-Hidayah Mohd Nor et al..cdr 24 (e) (g) (f) (h) 2 cm Female Male (a) (b) (d) Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 Page 9 Page 10 Page 11 Page 12 Page 13 Page 14 Page 15 Page 16 03. 1561 Keywords: page
• DETECTING GROUPER (EPINEPHELINAE) DIET COMPOSITION AND PREY AVAILABILITY IN RAJA AMPAT CORAL REEFS THROUGH DNA AND eDNA METABARCODING: DETECTING GROUPER (EPINEPHELINAE) DIET THROUGH DNA AND eDNA METABARCODING by Madduppa, Hawis; Prabowo, Budi ; Bengen, Dietriech Geoffrey; Ayu, Inna Puspa ; Subhan, Beginer ; Sani, Lalu M Iqbal ; Prabowo, Budi (2023) - Budi Prabowo et al..cdr 50 0 -50 -50 500 M D S2 MDS1 2D Stress: 0,209Environmental DNA Epinephelus areolatus Epinephelus malabaricus Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 Page 9 Page 10 Page 11 Page 12 Page 13 Page 14 Keywords: page
• POLLINATION ECOLOGY, BREEDING SYSTEMS AND SEED DISPERSAL IN PASSIFLORA FOETIDA L. (PASSIFLORACEAE), A PERENNIAL HERBACEOUS CLIMBER WEED IN SOUTHERN PARTS OF ANDHRA PRADESH, INDIA.: POLLINATION ECOLOGY OF PASSIFLORA FOETIDA L. (PASSIFLORACEAE). by MALLIKARJUNA, RAO M. (2023) - 1675 Rao M. and Dhadse Sharda.cdr Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 Page 9 Page 10 Page 11 Page 12 05. Keywords: page
• Carbon Stored on Seagrass Beds in Gili Maringkik, Lombok, Indonesia by Rahman, Firman Ali; Qayim, Ibnul; Wardiatno, Yusli (2023) - Firman Ali Rahman et al..cdr Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 Page 9 Page 10 Page 11 06. 1776 Keywords: page
• SOURCES OF RESISTANCE AND TRICHOME ANALYSIS OF PHILIPPINE INDIGENOUS Hoya SPECIES AGAINST THE MILKWEED APHID, Aphis nerii Boyer De Fonscolombe (HEMIPTERA: APHIDIDAE) by Cortaga, Cris (2023) - o f tr ic h o m e s H. m ad ul id ii H. p ub ica lyx H. c ar no sa H. o bs cu ra H. b uo tii H. m el iflu a a b c c d Maria Luz et al..cdr 80 60 40 20 0 N o . Keywords: page
• TEA SAPONIN MODULATES IN VITRO RUMEN FERMENTATION PROFILE AND REDUCES METHANE PRODUCTION: A META-ANALYSIS by Yanza, Yulianri Rizki; Mahmudah, Nurhayatun; Hidayat, Cecep; Jayanegara, Anuraga; Fitri, Ainissya; Ramadhani, Fitri; Syarifah, Hindun; Basri Jumin, Hasan; Andrian, Dedek; Melissa; Fauziah, Nurul; Adhar Effendi, Leo (2023) - Yulianri Rizki Yanza et al..cdr Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 Page 9 08. 1805 Keywords: page
• Identificaton and Diversity of Endophytic Fungi Associated with The Seagrasses of Cebu, Central Philippines by Kinamot, Venus; Monotilla, Alvin (2023) - Venus B. Kinamot & Alvin P. Monotilla.cdr Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 Page 9 Page 10 Page 11 Page 12 Page 13 Page 14 Page 15 09. 1861-Venus B. Kinamot & Alvin P. Monotilla.pdf Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 Page 9 Page 10 Page 11 Page 12 Page 13 Page 14 Page 15 09. Keywords: page
• MARINE TURTLE CONSERVATION PROGRAM AT PUERTO PRINCESA SUBTERRANEAN RIVER NATIONAL PARK: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC by Acero, Liwayway (2023) - 1915 Liwayway Acero.cdr Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 Page 9 Page 10 10. Keywords: page
• INDUCTION OF CALLUS FORMATION FROM DIFFERENT PARTS OF Citrus grandis (OSBECK) FLOWERS by Zakaria, Zarina Binti; Zakaria, Suhana Binti; Khalid, Abd Hamid Bin; Mohd Ishak, Mohd Azlan Bin (2010) - Zarina Zakaria.cdr Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 1. Keywords: page
• GENETIC VARIABILITY OF POLYMESODA EROSA POPULATION IN THE SEGARA ANAKAN CILACAP by Nuryanto, Agus; SUSANTO, AGUS HERY (2010) - Agus Nuryanto.cdr Edited by Foxit Reader Copyright(C) by Foxit Software Company,2005-2008 For Evaluation Only. USER2 Callout RAPD Edited by Foxit Reader Copyright(C) by Foxit Software Company,2005-2008 For Evaluation Only. Keywords: page
• ESTIMATION OF SEAGRASS COVERAGE BY DEPTH INVARIANT INDICES ON QUICKBIRD IMAGERY by Amran, Muhammad Anshar (2011) - Muhamad Anshar Amran Nu Anyar.cdr Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 Page 9 6. Keywords: page
• DISCRIMINATION OF TWO SPECIES OF ORANGUTANS (Pongo sp.): A RAPID PROTOCOL FOR REHABILITATION CENTRES AND ZOOS by Perwitasari-Farajallah, Dyah (2024) - 2. Dyah Perwitasari Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Keywords: page
• ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF METHANOTROPHIC BACTERIA FROM RICE FIELDS by Rusmana, Iman; AKHADIYA, ALINA (2024) - 3. Iman Rusmana Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 Keywords: page
• CYTOTOXIC PROTEIN FROM Trichosanthes cucumerina L. var anguina (L.) Haines by Zafrollah, Churiyah; SUMARYONO, WAHONO (2024) - 2. Churiyah.cdr Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 Page 9 Keywords: page
• QUALITY IMPROVEMENT OF DISQUALIFIED TIGER PRAWN (Penaeus monodon Fab.) BROODSTOCK USING DOPAMINE by Riani, Etty; TOELIHERE, MOZES; EFFENDIE, ICHSAN; YUSUF, TUTI L; AGUNGPRIYONO, SRIHADI (2024) - Etty Riani.cdr Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 3. Keywords: page
• The Effect of Initial Moisture Content, Packaging and Storage Period on Succinate Dehydrogenase and Cytochrome Oxidase Activity of Soybean Seed by Tatipata, Aurellia (2024) - Aurellia Tatipata.cdr Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 Page 9 Page 10 Page 11 5. Keywords: page
• DISTRIBUTION AND DIVERSITY OF FUSARIUM SPECIES ASSOCIATED WITH GRASSES IN TEN STATES THROUGHOUT PENINSULAR MALAYSIA by IZZATI, M.Z, NUR AIN; M.S., SITI NORDAHLIAWATE,; I, NOR AZLIZA,; B, SALLEH, (2024) - Nur Ain Izza etal Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 Page 9 Page 10 1. Keywords: page
• DEVELOPMENT OF ANTIBODY TO RALSTONIA SOLANACEARUM AND ITS APPLICATION FOR DETECTION OF BACTERIAL WILT by SURYADI, YADI (2011) - Yadi Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 Page 9 4. Keywords: page
• GENETIC VARIATIONS AMONG AQUILARIA SPECIES AND GYRINOPS VERSTEEGII USING AMPLIFIED FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM MARKERS by TORUAN-MATHIUS, NURITA; RAHMAWATI, DEWI; ANIDAH (2011) - Nurita Toruan et al. Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 5. Keywords: page
• EXOPOLYSACCHARIDE PRODUCTION AND ITS BIOACTIVITIES OF THE EDIBLE PLEUROTUS OSTREATUS IN SUBMERGED CULTURE by SASKIAWAN, IWAN (2024) - 6. Iwan Saskiawan Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 Page 9 Keywords: page
• PAYMENT FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES APPROACH TO REDUCE FLOOD IN CILIWUNG WATERSHED by Saridewi, Tri Ratna; Hadi, Setia; Fauzi, Akhmad; Rusastra, I Wayan (2017) - Figure 9 Description of land use pattern versus water level BIOTROPIA Vol. 24 No. 2, 2017 136 Figure 10 Simulation of water level resulted from the four scenarios 137 Payment for environmental services approach to reduce flood in Ciliwung Watershed – Saridewi et Figure 1 Research location 130 BIOTROPIA Vol. 24 No. 2, 2017 Table 1 Change of land use pattern in Ciliwung Watershed Land use pattern Year 1989 Year 2000 Year 2010 Year 2014 ha Keywords: flood; page
• FIRE SPOT IDENTIFICATION BASED ON HOTSPOT SEQUENTIAL PATTERN AND BURNED AREA CLASSIFICATION by Sitanggang, Imas Sukaesih; Istiqomah, Nalar; Syaufina, Lailan (2018) - Imas Sukaesih Sitanggang et al.cdr Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 Page 9 1. Keywords: page
• GROWTH AND MEAT QUALITY ENHANCEMENT OF STRIPED CATFISH (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) USING RECOMBINANT GROWTH HORMONE by Lubis, Reni Agustina; Alimuddin, Alimuddin; Utomo, Nur Bambang Priyo (2018) - Reni Agustina Lubis et al.cdr Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 1. Keywords: page
• STEMFLOW, THROUGHFALL AND RAINWATER INTERCEPTION OF EIGHT INDONESIAN TREE SPECIES by Sofiah, Siti; Soejono, Soejono (2019) - 726-layout.cdr Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 Page 9 Page 10 Page 11 Page 12 Page 13 sri-01. Keywords: page
• DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTION OF PLASMODIAL MYXOMYCETES (SLIME MOLDS) FROM LA MESA ECOPARK, QUEZON CITY, PHILIPPINES by MACABAGO, SITTIE AISHA B.; DAGAMAC, NIKKI HEHERSON A.; DELA CRUZ, THOMAS EDISION E. (2011) - 1. Sittie Aisha Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 Page 9 Page 10 Page 11 Keywords: page
• THE STATUS OF MOLLUSK DIVERSITY AND PHYSICAL SETTING OF THE MANGROVE ZONES IN CATANDUANES ISLAND, LUZON, PHILIPPINES by MASAGCA, JIMMY TEVAR; MENDOZA, ANGELICA V.; TRIBIANA, ESTERELLA T. (2024) - Jimmy T. Masagca Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 Page 9 Page 10 Page 11 Page 12 Page 13 Page 14 Page 15 2. Keywords: page
• SACCHARIFICATION OF CORNCOB USING CELLULOLYTIC BACTERIA FOR BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION by SUNARTI, TITI CANDRA; MERYANDINI, ANJA; SOFIYANTO, M. EDY; RICHANA, NUR (2024) - Titi Chandra Sunarti Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 Page 9 Page 10 5. Keywords: page
• ECOLOGICAL STUDY IN TWO QUARRIED LIMESTONE KARST HILLS IN BOGOR WEST JAVA: VEGETATION STRUCTURE AND FLORISTIC COMPOSITION by SATYANTI, ANNISA; CANDRA KUSUMA, YAYAN WAHYU (2024) - Annisa Satyanti Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 Page 9 Page 10 Page 11 Page 12 Page 13 Page 14 Page 15 6. Keywords: page
• PLACEMENT OF Syzygium boerlagei (Merr.) Govaerts (MYRTACEAE) CONFIRMED WITH atpB–rbcL INTERGENIC SPACER by Widodo, Pudji; Chikmawati, Tatik; Kusuma, Yayan Wahyu Candra (2018) - la ge i E_ py rif or m is E_ un ifl or a S_ aq ue um S_ ar om at ic um S_ lit to ra le S_ po ly an th um S_ po ly ce ph al um S_ sa m ar an ge ns e Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 2. Pudji Widodo et al.cdr 18.5 18 17.5 17 16.5 16 15.5 15 E_ bo er Keywords: page
• INHIBITORY ACTIVITIES OF Myristica fragrans ESSENTIAL OIL ON AFLATOXIGENIC STRAINS by Sukcharoen, Oratai; Sirirote, Pramote; Thanaboripat, Dusanee (2018) - Oratai Sukcharoen et al.cdr Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 3. Keywords: page
• MODELLING NATURAL MORTALITY OF TROPICAL PLANTATION SPECIES Acacia mangium Willd. by Krisnawati, Haruni (2018) - Haruni Krisnawati.cdr Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 Page 9 Page 10 Page 11 3. Keywords: page
• ANTIMICROBIAL AND HERBICIDAL PROPERTIES OF THE FRUTICOSE LICHEN Ramalina FROM GUIMARAS ISLAND, PHILIPPINES by Gazo, Shenly Marie Tobias; Santiago, Krystle Angelique Aguda; Tjitrosoedirjo, Sri Sudarmiyati; dela Cruz, Thomas Edison E. (2018) - Shenly Marie Tobias Gazo et al.cdr Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 Page 9 Page 10 4. Keywords: page
• SOIL MICROBIAL POPULATION AND SOIL ENZYME ACTIVITY ON PT BUKIT ASAM VARIOUS RECLAIMED LAND SITES IN SOUTH SUMATRA by Tornando, Hengki; Hudi, Firdaus Alam; Prasetyo, Lilik Budi; Santosa, Dwi Andreas (2018) - 5. Hengki Tornando et al.cdr Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 Page 9 Keywords: page
• ENZYME ACTIVITY IN RELATION TO TOTAL K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu AND Zn IN THE OIL PALM RHIZOSPHERE OF RIAU’S PEATLANDS, INDONESIA by Harianti, Mimien; Sutandi, Atang; Saraswati, Rasti; Maswar, Maswar; Sabiham, Supiandi (2018) - Mimien Harianti et al.cdr Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 Page 9 Page 10 Page 11 Page 12 Page 13 6. Keywords: page
• CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY OF Anredera cordifolia LEAF EXTRACT ON HELA CELLS by Virginia, Dita Maria; Saputra, Roni Permana; Setiawati, Agustina (2018) - 5. Dita Maria Virginia et al.cdr Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 Keywords: page
• MOLECULAR CLONING OF THE VITELLOGENIN GENE IN THE HARD-LIPPED BARB (Osteochillus hasseltii C.V.) AND PHOTOPERIOD’S EFFECTS ON GENE EXPRESSION by Prayogo, Norman Arie; Siregar, Asrul Sahri; Sukardi, Purnama; Bessho, Yasumasa (2018) - Norman Arie Prayogo et al.cdr Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 Page 9 7. Keywords: page
• POPULATION STRUCTURE OF Hoya spp. (APOCYNACEAE: ASCLEPIADOIDEAE) AT BODOGOL NATURE-CONSERVATION EDUCATION CENTER, INDONESIA by Bermuli, Jessica Elfani; Sulistijorini, Sulistijorini; Rahayu, Sri (2019) - 881-fiks.cdr Adult Young Seedling Number of individual 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 Adult Young Seedling Number of individual 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100110 120130 140 Adult Young Seedling Number of individual 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110120 130 140 Adult Young Seedling Number of individual 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110120 130 140 Adult Young Seedling Number of individual 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 Adult Young Seedling Number of individual 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 Page 9 Page 10 Page 11 Page 12 Keywords: page
• POLYMORPHIC PROFILES OF Ganoderma spp. ISOLATES FROM BANYUMAS, CENTRAL JAVA, INDONESIA by Ratnaningtyas, Nuniek Ina; Susanto, Agus Hery; Yulia, Ana (2019) - 884-fiks.cdr 44.3 10.9 I II III 44.3 0.56 0.63 0.69 0.76 0.82 G1 G4 G2 G7 G10 G8 G3 G5 G9 G6 Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 Page 9 Page 10 Keywords: page
• PRODUCTION OF MALTOOLIGOSACCHARIDES FROM HUTAN JATI VARIETY CULTIVAR TACCA (Tacca leontopetaloides) STARCH by Yopi, Yopi; Rahmani, Nanik; Putri, Feby Heryani; Martin, Andri Fadillah (2019) - 890-fiks.cdr A Pulau Katang variety cultivar B C Hutan Jati variety cultivar Gunung Batur variety cultivar A 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1.5% 3.0% 4.5% 6.0% 7.5% 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 Hydrolysis time (h) R ed u ci n g su ga r ( g m L -1 ) m 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1.5% 3.0% 4.5% 6.0% 7.5% 60000 50000 40000 30000 20000 10000 0 Hydrolysis time (h) T ot al s u ga r ( g m L -1 ) m B A 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1:5 1:2 1:1 1:10 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 Hydrolysis time (h) R ed u ci n g ( g m L -1 ) m 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1:5 1:2 1:1 1:10 Keywords: page
• GENETIC VARIATION OF WILD Musa acuminata COLLA FROM INDONESIA by Poerba, Yuyu Suryasari; Martanti, Diyah; Ahmad, Fajarudin (2019) - 896-fiks.cdr pop1 pop2 pop3 pop8 pop12 pop18 pop5 pop17 pop11 pop7 pop10 pop13 pop14 pop18 pop8 pop9 pop15 pop4 pop19 Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 Page 9 Page 10 Page 11 Page 12 Keywords: page
• FUNGAL INFECTION OF STORED ARABICA COFFEE (Coffea arabica) BEANS IN SOUTH SULAWESI PROVINCE, INDONESIA by Dharmaputra, Okky Setyawati; Ambarwati, Santi; Retnowati, Ina; Nurfadila, Nijma (2019) - 900-fiks.cdr Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 Page 9 Keywords: page
• EFFECTS OF GLYPHOSATE POTASSIUM 660 G L⁻¹ ON TRANSGENIC AND CONVENTIONAL CORN VARIETIES by Kurniadie, Denny; Umiyati, Uum; Widayat, Dedi (2019) - 911.cdr 159 Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 Keywords: page
• REGULATION OF ADIPOGENESIS AND KEY ADIPOGENIC GENE EXPRESSION BY MANGOSTEEN PERICARP EXTRACT AND XANTHONES IN 3T3-L1 CELLS by Widowati, Wahyu; Darsono, Lusiana; Suherman, Jo; Afifah, Ervi; Rizal, Rizal; Arinta, Yukko; Mozef, Tjandrawati; Suciati, Tri (2019) - 932-layout.cdr Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 sri-02. Keywords: page
• INVASIVE PLANT SPECIES IN THE DISTURBED FOREST OF BATUKAHU NATURE RESERVE, BALI, INDONESIA by Mukaromah, Laily; Imron, Muhammad Ali (2019) - 933-layout.cdr Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 Page 9 Page 10 Page 11 sri-03. Keywords: page
• REVIEW: SOLUTIONS FOR GRAND CHALLENGES IN GOAT AND SHEEP PRODUCTION INDUSTRY by Aldridge, Mildred Elizabeth; Fearon, Jasmyn Elaine; Haynes, Bethany Peyton; Miller, Hannah Marie; Sanford, Katie Yvonne; Scott, Rachel Rebecca; Anglin, William Wess; Blalock, Lauren Susanne; Burkes, Briana Lashun; Cohn-White, Olivia Lucienne; Franks, Brittany Renee; Giles, Haleigh Margaret; Greene, Ashley Lorraine; Hanby, Riley Dawn; Holliman, Anna Grace; Kirby, John Mark; Klein, Austin William; Lehmann, Courtney Ann; Llyod, Grace Jennette; Lore, Cody Triston; McMurray, Tyler B.; Moody, Zachary Vinz; Palmer, Brianna Nicole; Pansano, Lindsey Virginia; Pickle, Ryan Matthew; Schaeffer, Laura Marie; Seidl, Jeneva Ruth; Smith, James Dean; Stepp, Hannah Faith; Satrio, Faisal Amri; Kutchy, Naseer Ahmad; Dechert, Ed; Rutherford, Cobie; Brown, Kipp; Purwantara, Bambang; Memili, Erdogan (2018) - Mildred Elizabeth Aldridge et al.cdr BIOTROPIA Vol. 26 No. 1, 2019: 56 - 64 Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 Page 9 Keywords: page
• AGROBACTERIUM-MEDIATED GENETIC TRANSFORMATION OF SEAWEED Kappaphycus alvarezii USING Gα GENE AND CALLUS CULTURES by Sulistiani, Erina; Suharsono, Suharsono; Supena, Ence Darmo Jaya; Miftahudin, Miftahudin (2018) - Erina Sulistiani et al.cdr Agrobacterium Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 Page 9 Page 10 Page 11 6. Keywords: page
• POPULATION STRUCTURE, DISPERSION PATTERN AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF GEWANG PALM (Corypha utan Lam.) IN TIMOR ISLAND, INDONESIA by Kusuma, Yayan Wahyu Candra; Witono, Joko Ridho (2019) - I Plot II 2 6 4 528 535 63 57 137 147 31 71 a Treatments Weeded Unweeded 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 N u m b e r o f le av e s b Treatments Weeded Unweeded 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 H e ig h t in cr e m e n t (c m ) Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 Plot Keywords: page

• GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF Fimbristylis miliacea (L.)Vahl by Begum, Mahfuza; Juraimi, Abdul Shukor; Amartalingam, Rajan; Bin Syed Rastan, Syed Omar; Bin Man, Azmi (2024) - The components of the life cycle such as timing of germination, seedling emergence, adult survival, age of flowering, and seed numbers are pre-requisites to be determined during the life span of the plant (Sabrig 1980; Controlling this weed within this period is to eliminate seed production. Keywords: emergence; formation; growth; height; inflorescence; miliacea; number; plant; seed; weed
• SHADING EFFECTS ON GROWTH AND PARTITIONING OF PLANT BIOMASS IN PASPALUM CONJUGATUM BERG by IPOR, I,B (2024) - An analysis of leaf growth in sugarbeet. Effect of temperature on leaf growth in corn (Zea mays). Keywords: area; growth; leaf; light; plant; shade; shading
• TRUE SHALLOT (Allium cepa var ascalonicum) SEED PRODUCTION DURING OFF SEASON by Putra, Ramadhani Eka; Ramadan, D Beta; Adin, Adriyanita; Kinasih, Ida; Rosmiati, Mia; Oktaviani, Indah; Leksikowati, Sovia Santi (2021) - Reducing the detrimental effect of the rainy season to the true shallot plant induced with vernalization, is also suggested, such as maintaining seed production inside a closed system with a controlled environment, which is obviously a key factor in the sustainable production of true shallot seed in Indonesia and other areas with similar climate. [Effect of local germination medium on the growth of seedling of true shallot seed at Brebes]. Keywords: bap; flowering; flowers; groups; indonesia; number; plant; production; season; seed; shallot; treatment; vernalization
• LAND SUITABILITY ASSESSMENT FOR PATCHOULI (Pogostemon cablin) DEVELOPMENT AND ESSENTIAL OIL PRODUCTION by Setiawan, Adi (2021) - The assessment was performed by matching the requirement of Patchouli plant growth and the characteristics of the land which were Assessing and evaluating land suitability in the development of patchouli effect on patchouli essential oil - Setiawan e t al. categorized into 3 groups based on: topography, Patchouli Growth and Result Evaluation soil and climate P t u n g et aL 2007). The results of this study also indicated the influence of land suitability classes on plant growth however, the different classification (in this case S3 compared to N) did not demonstrate a correlation between land classes and oil yield and Patchouli alcohol, where the element Potassium was the limiting factor. Keywords: altitude; content; growth; land; location; oil; patchouli; plant; potassium; soil; suitability; yield
• NOTES ON SOME GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS OF MIKANIA CORD AT A (BURM. F.) B.L. ROBINSON* by MERCADO, B.T. (2024) - Germination of Mikania seed (15 seeds per petri dish) Both stem (branches) and leaves give rise to new plants with relative ease. Keywords: mikania; plant; seeds; stem
• NATURAL HABITAT OF BALI STARLING (Leucopsar rothschildi) IN BALI BARAT NATIONAL PARK, INDONESIA by Sutomo, Sutomo (2021) - Therefore, this study aimed to: 1. describe the current distribution of Bali starling and characterize its habitat structure at the Bali Barat National Park in terms of its plant community structure and composition, and 2. assess the cover and greenness index (NDVI) to quantify the dynamics of vegetation cover in these habitat areas; and 3), assess the degree of recent habitat changes broadly affecting the Bali starling species at Bali Barat National Park (BBNP). A few of these species are now under serious threat of extinction and, consequently, have high conservation status according to the IUCN (IUCN 2014), including Banteng (Bos javanicus) that is now mostly confined to the savanna in the Baluran National Park of East Java Province, the Komodo Dragon (Varanus komodoensis) which is endemic to the Komodo Islands of East Nusa Tenggara Province, and the endemic Bali starling bird (Leucopsar rotschildi) which is now mainly found in the savanna of Bali Barat National Park (BBNP) on the northwest tip of Bali Province. Keywords: bali; bali starling; barat; bird; brumbun; cekik; cover; forest; habitat; national; ndvi; park; plant; savanna; species; starling; vegetation
• AGRONOMIC TRAITS OF LOCAL WETLAND RICE VARIETIES IN JAMBI PROVINCE by Bobihoe, Julistia (2021) - In Indonesia, some of these areas a r e currently u s e d fo r r i c e cultivation of the country’s very diverse genetic resources of local rice varieties. Among the various wetland agroecosystems (irrigation, rainfed and swamp) in Jambi Province, the swampland agroecosystems are the widest, comprising some 137,132 ha with the swampland area occupying 25,157 ha currently planted with local rice varieties (CPM 2016). Keywords: grains; number; panicle; plant; rice; varieties; variety; weight; yield
• SULFATE AMMONIUM FERTILIZER ON THE OFF-SEASON PRODUCTION OF SNAKE FRUIT (Salacca sumatrana Becc.) by Adelina, Rasmita -; Suliansyah, Irfan; Syarif, Auzar; Warnita, Warnita (2021) - The lack of influence of ammonium sulfate fertilization suggested that drip irrigation alone can meet certain needs of Sidimpuan snake fruit plants. In contrast, drip irrigation had a significant effect on both growth traits and fruit production indicating that it was important in zones with water limitations (Loewe & Delard 2016). Keywords: ammonium; bunches; drip; fertilization; fertilizer; fruit; irrigation; number; plant; production; season; snake; sulfate
• EFFECTIVENESS OF INDIGENOUS ENDOMYCORRHIZAL BIOFERTILIZER PROTOTYPE ON ORGANIC SALAK (Salacca zalacca) PLANTATIONS AND ITS EFFECT ON NUTRIENT AND CARBOHYDRATE CONTENT OF LEAVES by Rai, I Nyoman; Suada, I Ketut; Wiraatmaja, I Wayan; Astiari, Ni Komang Alit (2021) - Furthermore, the diversity and activity of indigenous endomycorrhizae in plant roots are mainly determined by the type of the host plant (Ningsih et al. 2013; Sadhana 2014), environmental growth factors, such as climate and soil moisture/drought (Hernadi 2012; al: Table 1 Effect of prototype indigenous endomycorrhizae biofertilizers on the leaf chlorophyll content, RWC of leaves, number and weight of fmits per tree, weight per fruit, and fruit sweetness in salak plants Leaves chlorophyll Leaves relative Number of Weight of Weight per Fruit Treatments content water content fruit per tree fruit per tree fruit sweetness (SPAD) Keywords: biofertilizer; content; endomycorrhizae; fruit; fungi; leaf; leaves; mycorrhizal; plant; prototype; salak; soil; tree
• DIVERSITY OF ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI ASSOCIATED WITH FRUITS AND LEAVES OF TAMARIND (Tamarindusindica L.) BASED O N ITS RIBOSOMAL DNA SEQUENCES by Mohd Zainudin, Nur Ain Izzati; Mohd Zaini, Nurul Asyiqin; Md Nizam, Nurul Huwaidah; Awg Zainal Abidin, Dayang Fatin Zafira; Mohd Nazri, Nor Izanis Azni (2021) - They are widely dstributed, which have been found in many plant species that can grow in natural environments such as terrestrial plant communities (Nisa et al. 2015). There were six different species obtained from the genus Colletotrichzlm (C. aenigma, C. brevisporum, C. cobbittiense, C. fmcticola, C. gloeosporiaides and C. siamense), and Diaporthe (D. arecae, D. ceratoxamiae, D. phaseolorzrm, D. pseudomangzjirae, D. pseudooctlii and D. pseudophoenicicala), four species of Aspergilzlzls (A. aczlleatzrs, A. carbonarizls, A.flautls and A. tzlbingensis), two species of Czlrvzrlank/Cochliobolzrs (C. geniculatzrs and C. lunata) and lV&rospora (N. lacticolonia and N. oryxae), two species of Lasiod$lodia (L. psetldotheobromae and L theobmmae) and Penicillm (P. m@ii and P. verruczllos~m). Keywords: endophytic; fruit leaf; fruits; fungal; fungi; indica; isolates; leaf leaf; leaves; plant; siamense; species; study; tamarind
• GROWTH INHIBITION OF FUNGAL PLANT PATHOGENS BY ANTAGONIST BACTERIA USING DUAL CULTURE ASSAYS by Ramona, Yan (2021) - Keywords: Antagonistic, A.pergiIlas $au.us, AspergiIIas niger, Ceratoystis sp., Dual Culture Assay, Fmrizlm 0 ~ ~ p 0 m / m INTRODUCTION Chemical-based pesticides have been used to control plant pathogens in farming practices for decades, and its application in agricultural sector into the future wdl continue in the short to the medium term (Bueno e t al. 2017), despite the pollution challenges. Furthermore, increase in resistance of plant pathogens may occur as a result of excessive application of such BIOTROPIA Vol. 28 Keywords: antagonists; inhibition; isolates; lettuce; pathogens; plant; rhizosphere; soil; study; table; tsa
• EFFECT OF PHYSIOLOGICAL AGE AND GROWTH REGULATORS ON CALLUS BROWNING OF COCONUT ENDOSPERM CULTURE IN VITRO by SUKAMTO*, LAZARUS AGUS (2024) - The role of activated charcoal in plant tissue culture. A novel technique to overcome browning in tissue culture. Keywords: browning; callus; cell; coconut; culture; endosperm; et al; explants; growth; palm; picloram; plant; tissue; woc
• EFFECTS OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS ON SHOOT MULTIPLICATION AND ROOT INDUCTION OF CASSAVA VARIETIES CULTURE IN VITRO by SUKMADJAJA, DEDEN; WIDHIASTUTI, HERNI (2024) - The maximum number of axillary shoots and stem nodes of cassava var Darul Hidayah, Malang-6 and Adira-4 were obtained on shoot multiplication media containing BAP and thidiazuron at different concentrations. The need of plant shoots exploited on a large scale will be difficult to fulfill using conventional propagation. Keywords: bap; cassava; media; number; plant; shoots
• INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF CHROMOLAENA ODORATA EMPHASIZING THE CLASSICAL BIOLOGICAL CONTROL by TJITROSEMITO, SOEKISMAN (2024) - In an attempt to find a better method for C. odorata management, biological control of C. odorata in Indonesia has been done since 1989 (Sipayung and de Chenon 1985), supported further through the ACIAR project No. 9110: Biological Control of Chromolaena odorata in Indonesia and the Philippines from January 1, 1993 to December 31, 1995. So C. odorata plants were slashed and P. connexa was released again on June 18, 1996 with 65 pairs of flies. Keywords: branches; galls; growth; height; odorata; plant
• CHARACTERIZATION AND POLYPHASIC IDENTIFICATION OF NOVEL RHIZOBACTERIA STRAIN ISOLATED FROM SAND DUNES ECOSYSTEM by Arte Widane, Ketut; Widyasari, Annisaa; Retnaningrum, Endah (2022) - TVV75 99.22% 98% Viallard et al. (1998) NR_042636.1 Burkholderia metallica strain R-16017 98.95% 99% Vanlaere et al. The phosphate dissolution index was determined with the following formula developed by Haile et al. (2016): PSI = (HZD + CD) CD where: PSI = Phosphate Solubilization Index HZD = Halo Zone Diameter (mm) CD = Colony Diameter (mm) Antagonistic Activity of PSR Against F. oxysporum In vitro test of PSR antagonist activity against F. oxysporum was carried out by using the dual plate experiments method according to Zhang et al. (2017) with minor modifications. Keywords: 2020; bacteria; burkholderia; cymosa; et al; growth; i11; i12; isolates; oxysporum; phosphate; plant; psb; psr; psr isolates; rhizosphere; sand; soil; solubilizing; strain
• GENETIC VARIABILITY OF ARROWROOT (Maranta Arundinacea L.) IN YOGYAKARTA PROVINCE, INDONESIA BASED ON ISSR ANALYSIS by Pratama, Bernardinus; Purnomo, Purnomo; Daryono, Budi Setiadi (2022) - However, the number of total DNA bands and the average percentage of polymorphisms obtained were lower than the previous research conducted by Asha et al. (2015). The primary use of UBC 825 in the previous study conducted by Asha et al. (2015) was also known to produce the greatest number of polymorphic DNA bands and the highest polymorphism. Keywords: accessions; analysis; arrowroot; bands; cultivars; dna; et al; issr; markers; plant; polymorphism; sembowo; sili; similarity; ubc; yogyakarta
• ROLE OF MYCORRHIZA HELPER BACTERIA ON MYCORRHIZAL COLONIZATION AND NEMATODE Pratylenchus coffeae INFECTION by HINDERSAH, REGINAWANTI; LILIPALY, ELENA F. L.; ASYIAH, IIS NUR; MUDAKIR, IMAM; HARNI, RITA (2022) - MHB has no significant role on the enhancement of root colonization (RC) by Glomus spores in root seedlings inoculated with Glomus spp. Quantification of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae in plant roots. Keywords: bacteria; coffee; colonization; glomus; glomus spp; growth; mhb; mycorrhizal; nematode; plant; root; seedlings; soil; spp
• IDENTIFICATION OF THE MOLUCCAN MEGAPODE (Eulipoa wallacei) NATURAL HABITAT IN HARUKU ISLAND, INDONESIA AND ITS VEGETATION COMPOSITION by Leimena, Handy Erwin Pier; Sjarmidi, Achmad; Syamsudin, Tati Suryati (2023) - Island bird species in the tropics are threatened by several environmental challenges, including habitat change and destruction (Duncan & Blackburn 2007; Taylor & Kumar 2016; Radley et al. 2020; Dri et al. 2021). Habitat destruction causes changes in the structure and composition of vegetation in bird habitats, thus affecting the survival and reproduction of bird populations (Ruiz-Gutierrez et al. 2008; Matthews et al. 2015; Tulloch et al. 2016; Tchoumbou et al. 2020; Atikah et al. 2021). Keywords: areas; bird; composition; diversity; et al; eulipoa; forest; habitat; haruku; heij; heij et; island; maleo; marunimei; megapodes; moluccan; nesting; number; plant; plant species; rompas; species; tanjung; vegetation; wallacei
• Glomus mosseae AND Pseudomonas fluorescens AGAINST Soybean mosaic virus UNDER DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM by Andayanie, Wuye Ria; Adinurani, Praptiningsih Gamawati; Lukito, Martin (2024) - The research aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Glomus mosseae and Pseudomonas fluorescens in inducing systemic resistance to control Soybean Mosaic Virus (SMV) and the performance of soybean plants with drip irrigation in the dry season. https://doi.org/10.11598/btb.2024.31.2.1889 BIOTROPIA Vol. 31 No. 2, 2024 182 In Indonesia, farmers often grow soybean plants on dry land with low fertility. Keywords: beginning; bloom; days; drip; drip irrigation; fluorescens; irrigation; mosseae; plant; pseudomonas; soil; soybean; stopping; water
• USE OF BIOLOGICAL ORGANIC FERTILIZERS AND PESTICIDES TO IMPROVE POTATO CULTIVATION IN SLOPE ANDISOLS by Tamad; Soetanto, Loekas; Karim, Akhmad Rizqul (2023) - Tamad et al. (2020a) stated that using biological organic fertilizer (BOF) of up to 20 t ha–1 increased potato yields by 2 t ha–1 compared to the cultivation pattern of farmers in Kaligua, Central Java, Indonesia. *Corresponding author, email: tamad_1965@yahoo.com; tamad@unsoed.ac.id mailto:tamad_1965@yahoo.com mailto:tamad@unsoed.ac.id Potato Cultivation in Slope Andisols – Tamad et al. 233 Figure 1 The potato cultivation system with mounds in the direction of the slopes in Dieng, Central Java, Indonesia PM, such as Pseudomonas trivialis, P. putida, and P. fluorescens, has the potential to increase P availability (Arcand and Schneider 2006; Tian et al. 2021; Yadav et al. 2021) by dissolving inorganic–P and mineralizing organic–P. In Andisols, these microbes have been found to increase the dissolution of inorganic–P by 535– 575%, mineralization of organic–P by 336– 387%, and reduced adsorbed–P to 15–30% (Tamad et al. 2021). Keywords: andisols; bofp; bofp pattern; cultivation; doi; et al; farmers; figure; ha–1; organic; pattern; plant; potato; soil
• SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS FROM MERISTEM EXPLANTS OF GINGER by Rostiana, Otih; Syahid, Sitti Fatimah (2008) - The highest number of somatic embryos (about 82.0.g-1 friable calli) was achieved on that medium, 4 weeks after culturing. Furthermore, the optimum growth of embryogenic calli containing somatic embryo was obtained on MS medium enriched with 6% sucrose. Keywords: culture; development; embryo; embryogenesis; ginger; medium; meristem; plant
• ANNUAL CARBON CAPTURE POTENTIAL IN BANANA GARDENS OF INDIA by Ganeshamurthy, Arkalgud (2023) - The carbon content of banana plants accounted for only 8.286 percent of the total CS in banana gardens. Stevens et al. (2020) reported similar pseudostem volumes for banana plants producing about 2–3 kg of above-ground biomass for two contrasting cultivars. Keywords: aaa; aab; abb; banana; biomass; carbon; gardens; group; india; plant; plant carbon; pradesh; soil; states; total
• RESPONSE OF Amaranthus viridis PLANT FUNCTIONAL TRAITS TO NPK 12:12:17 AND NPK 15:15:15 FERTILIZERS by Tong, Pei Sin; Ning Chew, Ker; Yin Yik, Hoe; Zhe Tan, Jin (2024) - In conclusion, this study reveals the distinct patterns of functional traits in A. viridis in response to fertilizers and within wild populations, providing predictive models applicable to diverse data types, with implications for understanding inherent growth and responses of weed species for sustainable weed management practices, particularly in collaboration with smallholder farmers. Despite the urgency for effective weed management, the lack of detailed information on weed biology has resulted in weak predictions of weed species on farms; specifically, the “how” and “why” aspects have not been fully explored (Ward et al. 2014). Keywords: doi; et al; growth; height; inflorescences; leaves; management; npk; number; plant; species; traits; variable; viridis; weed
• MEDICINAL HERBS OF PASIR MAYANG, JAMBI: ETHNOPHARMACY AND TOXICITY SCREENING by AFFANDI, HILMAN; NURYADIN, ARIF; PRAYOGO, SUSILO B. (2011) - The study recorded 57 species of medicinal plants used in Pasir Mayang. ABSTRACT This article presents the results of an investigation concerning the use of herbal medicinal plants by the people of Pasir Mayang, sub-District (Municipality) of VII Koto, District of Tebo, Jambi Province, Sumatera. Keywords: district; mayang; medicinal; pasir; people; plant; species; vii
• MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION OF THE ECOTYPES OF Echinochloa crus-galli var crus-galli (L). Beauv (Barnyard grass: Poaceae) IN MALAYSIA and INDONESIA by SASTROUTOMO, SOET1KNO S; JURAIMI, ABDUL SHUKOR; KADIR, JUGAH; NAPIS, SUHAIMI; TASRIF, ARIFIN (2011) - Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia ABSTRACT Greenhouse experiments were conducted to examine the morphological traits of barnyard grass ecotypes from diverse geographic origin. Phenotypic and genetic variation among barnyard grass ecotypes would be divergent resulting from the selection pressure imposed by agricultural practices, crop characteristic, geographic origin, and herbicide application. Keywords: barnyard; barnyard grass; crus; ecotypes; galli; grass; growth; malaysia; plant; rice; variation; weed
• EFFICIENCY OF FERMENTED SEAWEED EXTRACT AS FOLIAR FERTILIZER AT VARYING FREQUENCY AND CONCENTRATION IN PEANUT (Arachis hypogaea L.) PRODUCTION by Bangi, Juliet; Sheirene M. Marajuli, Fatima (2024) - Lalog (2011) mentioned that seaweed extract is rich in macro- and micronutrients that enhance the early flowering of peanut plants. Keywords: fermented seaweed extract concentration, frequency of foliar application, peanut INTRODUCTION Peanut production in the Philippines has been fluctuating over the years due to insufficient and costly inputs. Keywords: application; concentration; extract; fse; growth; number; peanut; plant; plot; seaweed; study; table; week; yield
• INVENTORY OF THE INVASIVE ALIEN PLANT SPECIES IN INDONESIA by TJITROSOEDIRDJO, SRI SUDARMIYATI (2023) - Many local species are extinct or at the risk of being out-competed by invasive alien plants species, and many native ecosystems have been irreversibly lost to invasion. At present, not only weeds cause considerable agricultural losses, degrading catchments areas and fresh water ecosystem, invasive alien plant species which constitute one of the leading threats to natural ecosystem and biodiversity are studied in cooperation with the Indonesian Ministry of Environment since 2003 (Tjitrosoedirdjo & Tjitrosemito 2005). Keywords: alien; america; asteraceae; families; indonesia; java; plant; plant species; south; species; sumatra; tjitrosoedirdjo; weeds
• 6 – BENZYLAMINOPURINE INDUCES HIGH-FREQUENCY MULTIPLICATION IN VULNERABLE Curcuma pseudomontana J. Graham.: A POTENTIAL EX VIVO CONSERVATION TOOL by Vaze, Gayatri; Pramod Hurkadale; Hegde, Harsha (2024) - This study is strategically designed with the specific objective of conserving the species, marking the first-ever report on the micropropagation of C. pseudomontana using in vitro multiplication. C. pseudomontana is endemic to peninsular India, specifically found in states along the Western Ghats. Keywords: curcuma; et al; growth; induction; l‒1; multiplication; plant; pseudomontana; root; vitro
• OPTIMIZATION OF KINETIN CONCENTRATIONS AND MEDIUM COMPOSITIONS FOR CITRUS SHOOT MULTIPLICATION FROM COTILEDONARY NODE by Nugroho, Kristianto; Kosmiatin, Mia; Santoso, Tri Joko; Sukma, Dewi; Purwito, Agus; Husni, Ali; Martasari, Chaireni (2024) - In good agreement with those studies, Dincer (2023) reported that a 1 mg/L kinetin concentration showed the best result for shoot number, shoot length, and number of nodes in Sorbus aucuparia and was also the optimal concentration for number of shoots and percentage shooting efficiency in regeneration of barley from calli (Abbas et al. 2023). On the contrary, in this study VMW medium generally showed lower results in terms of shoot number, percentage of shoot formation, number of leaves, number of nodes, and shoot length compared to MT medium as evidenced in Table 2, Figure 3. Keywords: citrus; concentration; cultivars; doi; et al; formation; kinetin; l kinetin; length; medium; nodes; number; plant; shoot; study; vmw
• LOCALIZATION OF GFDD4-1 EXPRESSED PROTEIN IN Physcomitrella patens CELLS by RATNADEWI, DIAH (2011) - Diverse environmental stresses often activate a number of cell signalling pathways and cellular responses, such as production of stress proteins, up-regulation of antioxidants and accumulation of compatible solutes (Vierling and Kimpel 1992). The protein might be membrane protein which may involve directly in membrane maintenance or cellular protection against stress conditions. Keywords: cells; gene; gfdd4; patens; plant; protein; stress
• ENHANCEMENT OF TOMATO GROWTH AND BIOCONTROL OF FUSARIUM SOLANI ROOT ROT DISEASE BY STREPTOMYCES ROCHEI BT02 by Nguyen, Phong V.; Nguyễn , Hảo Vĩnh Lưu; Lê, Đạm T.; Nguyễn, Hạnh H. T. (2024) - This study provides insights into the mechanisms employed by Streptomyces rochei BT02 to enhance plant growth and suppress root rot disease, paving the way for its application as a biocontrol agent in sustainable agriculture. They exhibit remarkable capabilities of fostering plant growth and curtailing plant diseases through multifaceted mechanisms encompassing direct processes such as phosphorus solubilization, nitrogen fixation, siderophore production, hydrogen cyanide and ammonia release as well as the synthesis of phytohormones including auxin, cytokinin, and gibberellin. Keywords: bt02; control; disease; fusarium; growth; plant; rochei; solani; strain; streptomyces; tomato
• The THE POTENCY OF CINNAMON (Cinnamomum burmanni Blume) LEAF EXTRACT AS A BIOPRESERVATIVE AGENT FOR FOOD SAFETY OF SATE LILIT: - by Darmayasa, Ida Bagus Gede; Ramona, Yan; Darmadi, Anak Agung Ketut; Suanda, I Wayan; Hani, Ni Luh; Shetty, Kalidas (2024) - Table 3 Averages of inhibition zone diameters of C. burmanni Blume leaf extract on E. coli O157:H7 when applied at a concentration of between 0% - 5% w/v on nutrient agar medium to determine MIC value. H7 (mm) F1 0.00 F2 0.00 F3 15.23 F4 25.23 F5 18.05 F6 9.40 F7 0.00 F8 0.00 F9 0.00 F10 0.00 F11 0.00 F12 0.00 Figure 3 Inhibition zones of each fraction of C. burmanni Blume on E. coli O157:H7 on nutrient agar medium A B BIOTROPIA Vol. 31 No. 2, 2024 262 Figure 4 The chromatogram of LCMS analysis of the fraction 4 of C. burmanni Blume leaf extract. Keywords: blume; burmanni; burmanni blume; coli; coli o157; compounds; doi; e. coli; extract; leaf; leaf extract; o157; plant
• TREE SPECIES DIVERSITY IN PHRA THAT SI MUEANG PONG AREA, CHIANG MAI PROVINCE, THAILAND by Leelahakriengkrai, Pongpan; Bunsongthae, Akharasit; Insing, Audcharapat (2024) - In addition, species diversity index (H’) and evenness value (E) of tree species were determined and calculated following the Shannon’s Diversity Index (Odum 2004). Accepted 14 August 2024 *Corresponding author, e-mail: pongpan_lee@cmru.ac.th Research Article ABSTRACT This research conducted a survey of tree species in ten subplots along the pathway leading to Phra That Si Mueang Pong, identifying a total of thirty species representing twenty families, twenty-eight genera. Keywords: area; diversity; family; forest; mueang; phra; plant; plots; pong; species; thailand; tree
• BIOTECHNOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION POTENTIAL OF Inga edulis Martius: SEED COLLECTED IN THE AMAZON - BRAZIL: Potential of Inga edulis seeds by Oliveira , André Vilhena de; Kersting, Maurício; Costa, Adilson Ben da; Schneider, Rosana de Cassia de Souza (2024) - These elements may be necessary depending on the biotransformation process employed, allowing Inga seed biomass containing polysaccharides and proteins to serve as a substrate for new products. Prospects for Biotechnological Utilization of I. edulis A bibliometric analysis was conducted to assess the biotechnological potential of I. edulis seeds. Keywords: 2022; activities; activity; amazon; brazil; composition; content; doi; education; edulis; edulis seeds; elements; et al; food; forest; i. edulis; inga; inga edulis; ingá; oliveira; plant; potential; production; proteins; seeds; species
• ANTAGONISTIC BACTERIA AGAINST SCHIZOPHYLLUM COMMUNE FR. IN PENINSULAR MALAYSIA by DIKIN, ANTARJO; SIJAM, KAMARUZAMAN; KADIR, JUGAH; SEMAN, IDRIS ABU (2011) - In contrast, B. cepacia from rhizhosperes of oil palm suppressed S. commune stronger than F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersicae (Kamaruzaman and Dikin 2005). Primary differentiation of the genera of plant pathogenic bacteria. Keywords: bacteria; cepacia; commune; isolates; oil; palm; plant; species
• PLANT REGENERATION THROUGH PROTOCORM-LIKE BODIES DERIVED FROM STEM THIN LAYER OF Anubias barteri var. Nana Petite by Le, Giang K. T.; Nguyen, Tinh V.; Tran, Ngan K. T; Dang, Vy T. H.; Nguyen, Phong V. (2024) - Shoot Multiplication from Shoot Tips Shoot tips free of microbial infection were cultured in MS media supplemented with (0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 mg/L) BAP for 6 weeks for shoot induction. In general, BA, with or without auxin supplementation, serves as the primary plant growth regulator in shoot induction and multiplication. Keywords: bap; barteri; induction; plant; plbs; regeneration; shoot
• EFFECTIVENESS OF LIQCORIS ORGANIC PESTICIDE AS GROWTH INHIBITOR OF PLANT PATHOGENIC MICROORGANISMS by Rosita, Risa; Eris, Deden Dewantara; Bait, Misbakhul; Imran, Dr. Zulhamsyah; Widayanti, Sri; Bigcas, Evelyn V.; Subchan, Wachju (2025) - The research aimed to: 1) produce a prototype of Liqcoris organic pesticide (BLM 06) from coconut shell and shell waste, 2) measure the ability of the Liqcoris organic pesticide in inhibiting the growth of plant pathogenic microorganisms, and 3) study the content of Liqcoris organic pesticide. Meanwhile, after applying Liqcoris organic pesticide with a concentration of 15%, the percentage of mosaic virus attacks decreased to 2.72% after 6 wat (P < 0.05). Keywords: attack; biodiversity; concentration; control; doi; effectiveness; fungi; fusarium; growth; liqcoris; pesticide; phytopathogen; plant; results; symptoms; test
• INVASIVE ALIEN PLANT SPECIES IN THE RIPARIAN AREAS OF NORTHERN SAMAR, PHILIPPINES by Abobo, Joey Liza; Esmabe, Joy; Baldoza, Marjurie; Cerbito, Princess; Garbo, John Mark; Bacayo, Ramon Philip; Tenedero, Chitlyn; Lameda, Maricar; Saavedra, Rica Joy; Turbanada, Cresil; Romeroso, Roanne (2025) - Conducting research on invasive plant species is crucial, as it helps shed light on the ecological consequences of non-native plant invasions. Additionally, environmental factors such as temperature and humidity may affect the distribution, abundance, and growth of invasive plant species, contributing further to their spatial variation. Keywords: areas; asteraceae; conservation; doi; ias; northern; philippines; plant; plant species; samar; species; study
• ALGINATE-SEED ENCAPSULATION CONTAINING ENDOPHYTIC Bacillus cereus BTH21 FOR BIOCONTROLLING WILT DISEASE IN EGGPLANT by Purnawati, Arika; Prasetyawati, Endang Triwahyu; Aditya, Haidar Fari; Saefur Rohman (2025) - Alginate seed encapsulation containing bacterial cells is a recent technology for delivering active bacterial cells into the soil. Alginate seed encapsulation, blended with zeolite and peat, was successfully developed to immobilize and deliver active cells of B. cereus BTH21 into the soil. Keywords: alginate; bacillus; biocontrol; bth21; cells; cereus; control; disease; doi; eggplant; encapsulation; et al; plant; seed; solanacearum; wilt
• OPTIMIZATION OF Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell GROWTH USING ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZA FUNGI AND COFFEE HUSK COMPOST ON SUBSOIL MEDIA by Harmawati, Harmawati; Syamsuddin Millang; Pembonan, Samuel; Prayudyaningsih, Retno (2025) - Article Information Received : 14 February 2025 Revised : 8 April 2025 Accepted : 10 May 2025 *Corresponding author, e-mail: retno.prayudyaningaih@brin.go.id Research Paper ABSTRACT Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and coffee husk compost are used to improve the physical and chemical conditions of the subsoil, enhancing plant growth. Seedlings were grown in subsoil with varying doses of AMF (0; 2.5; and 5 g/polybag) and coffee husk compost at different ratios (1 : 1; 2 : 1; and 3 : 1). Keywords: amf; amf inoculation; application; coffee; coffee husk; compost; dan; eucalyptus; fungi; growth; husk; husk compost; inoculation; media; mycorrhizal; pellita; plant; quality; seedlings; subsoil; treatment
• REMNANT OF THE DRYLAND COASTAL VEGETATION OF THE SONGKHLA LAKE BASIN, SONGKHLA, THAILAND by Cheechang, Anusit; Sridith, Kitichate (2025) - Furthermore, the extent to which freshwater inflows, seasonal salinity, and geomorphological processes influence dryland coastal plant communities in Thailand has remained poorly documented. ex G.Don Dipterocarpaceae A ++++ 16 Dipterocarpus chartaceus Symington B,C ++++ 17 Anthoshorea roxburghii (G.Don) P.S.Ashton & J.Heck. Keywords: basin; coastal; communities; community; dryland; lake; merr; plant; plots; songkhla; species; study; thailand; vegetation
• BACTERIA FROM ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI SPORES Gigaspora sp. AND Glomus sp.: THEIR ANTAGONISTIC EFFECTS TOWARDS SOILBORNE FUNGAL PATHOGENS AND GROWTH STIMULATION OF Gigaspora sp. in vitro by Budi, Sri Wilarso (2013) - The results indicated that there are 2 bacterial isolates originated from sp. spores ( GG1 and GG5) and 2 bacterial isolates from sp. spores ( GL2 and GL3) have the ability to inhibit the growth of three pathogens tested. Stimulation of AMF hyphae of sp. growth after 21 days incubation by bacteria Gigaspora No Isolates Hyphal length (μm)* Keywords: amf; bacillus; bacteria; et al; glomus; growth; isolates; pathogens; plant; spores
• ENHANCING THERAPEUTIC SECONDARY METABOLITE PRODUCTION BY COMPREHENSIVE BIOSTIMULANT INTEGRATION: HARMONIZING PLANT AND MICROBIAL EXTRACT: Significance of Microbial and Non-microbial Bio-stimulants by G.V., Anjali; S., Tamilselvi (2025) - Biostimulants or plant biostimulants are certain substances, extracts, and microbes that enhance the natural nutritional processes in plants without directly providing nutrients. Current projects on a European legal framework for plant biostimulants are being established to standardize testing procedures, branding, organizations, and quality control, with full implementation targeted for 2024 (Assi & Zahwan 2023). Keywords: 2020; 2022; acid; application; biostimulants; chitin; chitosan; content; crop; doi; effects; enterobacter; et al; foliar; growth; humic; hydrolysates; increase; nutrient; plant; protein; quality; root; sci; seaweed; soil; stress; yield
• FLAVOUR OF PAPAYA (Carica papaya L.) FRUIT by Wijaya, Hanny (2013) - The flavour composition of papaya fruit is reviewed in this paper. Furthermore, as mentioned before, the flavour of papaya fruit is a result of a complex interactions among sugars, organic acids, minerals, and aroma volatile compounds, which may vary with cultivar and production location. Keywords: acid; alcohol; amino; aroma; benzyl; carica; carica papaya; chem; components; compounds; esters; et al; fatty; flath; flavour; food; fruit; like; linalool; odour; papaya; papaya fruit; pathway; plant; processing; production; volatile
• ENHANCED PRODUCTION LEVEL OF QUININE IN CELL SUSPENSION CULTURE OF Cinchona ledgeriana Moens BY PACLOBUTRAZOL by Ratnadewi, Diah (2013) - Precursor feeding of tryptophan did not improve quinoline alkaloid production in Cinchona cell cultures. Cell suspension culture of Cinchona spp. Keywords: cell; cinchona; culture; growth; media; plant; quinine; sucrose
• BIOMASS AND CARBON STOCK ESTIMATION INVENTORY OF INDONESIAN BANANAS (Musa spp.) AND ITS POTENTIAL ROLE FOR LAND REHABILITATION by Danarto, Setyawan Agung; Hapsari, Lia (2016) - As reported by Daphine (2014) that C-stock of banana plants was significantly influenced by growth stages in which maturity stage was the optimal stage to be measured (Daphine 2014). species (Pisang Musa balbisiana Figure relation of pseudostem DBH to biomass and C-stock 1 Positive cor values in banana plants 104 Biomass nd carbon stock estimation inventory f ndonesian bananas ( spp.)a o I Danarto and HapsariMusa – Klutuk Wulung) has pseudostem diameterlarge ( ) contribut21.47 cm ing around 21.09 kg/plant biomass and around 9.7 kg/plant C-stock. Keywords: agroforestry; banana; biomass; carbon; cultivars; estimation; indonesia; musa; plant; species; stock; tonnes
• HISTOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF IN VITRO CULTURED COCONUT ENDOSPERM by Sukamto, Lazarus Agus (2017) - The sections were stained with 1% toluidine blue, 3 Histological analysis of cultured coconut endosperm – Sukamtoin vitro Calli Cultured in Liquid Medium Seven month-old calli cultured in liquid medium showed development of proembryo structure from coconut endosperm (Fig. 2a). Formation of five-celled structures of proembryo with suspensor in liquid medium (bar = 2 µm) Histological analysis of cultured coconut endosperm – Sukamtoin vitro Histological analysis of bud-like structure of coconut endosperm showed clearly that there were a meristematic layer with a dermal layer, cortex-like region and central vascular tissue. Keywords: bar; bud; calli; callus; cells; coconut; culture; endosperm; plant; structure; tissue
• SELECTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SIDEROPHORE-PRODUCING RHIZOBACTERIA AND POTENTIAL ANTAGONISTIC ACTIVITY TOWARD Ralstonia solanacearum by Nawangsih, Abdjad Asih; Parida, Ida; Wiyono, Suryo; Kartika, Juang Gema (2017) - Presence of potassium, magnesium and calcium had little inhibitory effect on siderophores production compared to controls (Battacharya 2010). Siderophore production was indicated by the orange color around the colony of the bacteria. Keywords: control; cp1c; cp2d; isolates; plant; production; rhizobacteria; seeds; siderophore; solanacearum; tomato
• RESPONSE OF LONKIDA (Nauclea orientalis L.) TOWARDS MYCORRHIZAL INOCULUM IN WATERLOGGED CONDITION by Tuheteru, Faisal Danu; Kusmana, Cecep; Mansur, Irdika; Iskandar, Iskandar (2015) - Measurement of the observed variables for lonkida seedlings grown in ed condition and in non-1 waterlogg waterlogged condition Variables Measurement for lonkida seedlings grown in waterlogged condition (mean±SE) Measurement for lonkida seedlings grown in non-waterlogged condition (mean±SE) SI Effect of waterlogged condition Plant growth variables Survival 100±0.00 a 100±0.00 a ns ns Height (cm) 8.13±2.45 a 6.18±1.177 b -0.32 + Diameter (mm) 1.81±0.31 a 1.24±0.25 b -0.46 + Total of leaves (blade) d ling swamp condition with or without ed condition waterlogg . : Keywords Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF), morpho-anatomical adaptations, ., lonkida, LNauclea orientalis swamp ed condition, waterlogg INTRODUCTION Waterlogged is one of environmental conditions not favorable for plants and mycorrhizal fungi (Helgason Filters 2009). Keywords: amf; condition; dry; ed condition; et al; fungi; growth; habitat; lenticels; lonkida; lonkida seedlings; mycorrhizal; plant; root; seedlings; species; swamp; table; total; waterlogg
• RAPD ANALYSIS TO DETECT SOMACLONAL VARIATION OF PINEAPPLE IN VITRO CULTURES DURING MICROPROPAGATION by Roostika, Ika; Khumaida, Nurul; Ardie, Sintho Wahyuning (2016) - I was derived from the four-year cultures regenerated through shoot proliferation methodin vitro 113 Figure 1 Profiles of DNA variants of pineapple cultures in population I (regenerated through shoot proliferation method), amplified by PCR using 10 RAPD markers. = powdery leaf; V4 = climb posture; V2 = needle leaf; and V15 = ultra dwarf posture Coefficient of similarity 0.32 0.47 0.62 0.77 0.91 N V13 V10 V8 V7 V4 V15 V21 V2 V12 V14 Figure 3 Profiles of DNA variants of pineapple cultures in population II, amplified by PCR using 10 RAPD markers. Keywords: analysis; bands; cultures; leaf; organogenesis; pineapple; plant; population; primers; rapd; variation
• EFFECTS OF BLUE LIGHT AND PACLOBUTRAZOL ON SEED GERMINATION, VEGETATIVE GROWTH AND YIELD OF BLACK RICE (Oryza sativa L. ‘Cempo Ireng’) by Dewi, Kumala; Agustina, Rizkika Zakka; Nurmalika, Farida (2017) - Black rice plants that previously treated with either 25 or 50 ppm BIOTROPIA Vol. 23 Figure 3 Growth performance of black rice seedlings grown under (a) sunlight and (b) blue light Control PBZ 12.5 ppm PBZ 25 ppm PBZ 50 ppm Figure 4 Growth of black rice plant treated with paclobutrazol (PBZ) at 6 weeks after planting Figure 5 Average±SE plant height at heading date of black rice plant that previously treated with blue light and paclobutrazol (n = 8) Notes: a – g: Bar charts having the same letters on top are not significantly different at p<0.05 based on DMRT (Duncan 1955) Keywords: activity; amylase; application; biosynthesis; black; blue; content; control; germination; gibberellin; growth; light; nitrate; paclobutrazol; plant; ppm; rice; seeds
• GENETIC DIVERSITY AND TRAIT ASSOCIATION ANALYSIS OF INDONESIAN RICE (Oryza sativa L.) GERMPLASM USING SSR MARKERS by Fatimah, Fatimah; Herlina, Lina; Silitonga, Tiur Sudiaty (2017) - This study was conducted to characterize genetic diversity of Indonesian rice accessions using SSR markers and their agro-morphological characters to allow the identification of Marker Trait Association (MTA). It was rice variety introduced from Kenya having drought resistance characteristic (Silitonga 2010). Keywords: accessions; analysis; diversity; erect; et al; germplasm; markers; number; panicle; plant; population; rice; ssr; structure; study; trait; varieties
• IDENTIFICATION OF SECRETORY STRUCTURE, HISTOCHEMISTRY AND PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OF MEDICINAL PLANT Hyptis sapitata Jacq. by Rupa, Darius; Sulistyaningsih, Yohana Caecilia; Dorly, Dorly; Ratnadewi, Diah (2017) - has peltate glandular trichomes H. capitata in a submerged (sunken) position in the epidermal tissue. Sreenath 2013; Oliveira et al. 2013), generally have glandular trichomes. Keywords: acid; alkaloids; capitata; cas; cells; compounds; et al; hyptis; idioblast; lamiaceae; leaf; leaves; peltate; plant; species; terpenoids; trichomes
• INVASION OF Acacia decurrens Willd. AFTER ERUPTION OF MOUNT MERAPI, INDONESIA by Sunardi, Sunardi; Sulistijorini, Sulistijorini; Setyawati, Titiek (2017) - Clump distribution of plant species affected species diversity and evenness of plant community (Soerianegara & Indrawan 1998). There is positive correlation between A. decurrens invasion and Mount Merapi eruption, accompanied by pyroclastic flow. Keywords: c c; cangkringan; decurrens; eruption; index; invasion; merapi; mount; plant; selo; site; species; zone
• DISTRIBUTION OF INVASIVE PLANT SPECIES IN DIFFERENT LAND-USE SYSTEMS IN SUMATERA, INDONESIA by Wahyuni, Indah; Sulistijorini, Sulistijorini; Setiabudi, Setiabudi; Meijide, Ana; Nomura, Miki; Kreft, Holger; Rembold, Katja; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Sri Sudarmiyati; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Soekisman (2017) - 125 – Distribution of invasive plant species in different land-use systems Wahyuni et al. Data of canopy openness are means of 60 replications±standard deviation BO BR BJ BF 0.52 0.45 1.00 0.50 Figure 2 IPS community differences within ecosystems in Bukit Duabelas National Park separated by cluster analysis based on IVI values 127 – Distribution of invasive plant species in different land-use systems Wahyuni et al. coverage of IPS was found in oil palm plantation which also had the highest canopy openness (18.70%; Table 3). Keywords: distribution; forest; ips; jungle; land; oil; palm; plant; plantation; rubber; species; systems; use
• POTENTIAL YIELD OF ACID-ADAPTIVE SOYBEAN PROMISING LINES IN ULTISOLS OF TANAH LAUT REGENCY, SOUTH KALIMANTAN PROVINCE, INDONESIA by Kuswantoro, Heru (2016) - Soybean yield and yield component distribution across the main axis in response to light enrichment and shading under different densities. The research aimed to obtain soybean lines that are adaptive in acid dry land. Keywords: acid; days; grain; height; land; lines; number; plant; soil; soybean; yield
• ISOLATION AND CLONING OF cDNA OF GENE ENCODING FOR METALLOTHIONEIN TYPE 2 FROM MELASTOMA AFFINE by SUHARSONO, SUHARSONO; TRISNANINGRUM, NIKEN; SULISTYANINGSIH, LULUT DWI; WIDYASTUTI, UTUT (2024) - Isolation of MaMt2 cDNA by PCR The composition of PCR was 1 μl total cDNA, 2 μl 10x buffer taq, 4 mM dNTP, 20 pmol MF primer, 20 pmol M7R primer, 4% DMSO, 0.75 U taq DNA polymerase (Toyobo) and H2O in the final volume of 20 μl. PCR was conducted in the same condition as for MaMt2 cDNA isolation. Keywords: cdna; cys; gene; isolation; mamt2; metallothionein; pcr; plant; rna; total
• PHYSIC NUT (JATROPHA CURCAS L.) DISEASES IN LAMPUNG PROVINCE by GINTING, CIPTA (2024) - 2)Cercospora leaf spot and alternaria leaf spot were expressed as disease disease severity. No. 1, 2009: 45 - 54 Corresponding author: cginting2001@yahoo.com PHYSIC NUT (JATROPHA CURCAS L.) DISEASES IN LAMPUNG PROVINCE CIPTA GINTING and TRI MARYONO Department of Plant Protection, University of Lampung Bandar Lampung 34145, Indonesia ABSTRACT Intensifi ed cultivation of physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) could raise the importance of plant diseases. Keywords: disease; lampung; leaf; nut; observation; physic; plant; spot; wilt
• AN SNP MARKER POTENTIALLY LINKED TO SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS OF OIL PALM (Elaeis guineensis) by Wahyunanto, Irang; Waturangi, Diana E; Toruan-Mathius, Nurita; Yulandi, Adi (2017) - In this study, the identification of candidate SNP associated with somatic embryogenesis in oil palm were done in silico, which was continued to the validation process based on the phenotype data of oil palm tissue culture. Then, the full- length gene sequences were used as the database for BLAST alignment of oil palm SNP sequences obtained from MPOB (genomsawit.mpob.gov. Keywords: auxin; culture; elaeis; embryogenesis; factor; guineensis; marker; oil; palm; plant; protein; response; snp; tissue; variant
• COMPATIBILITY STUDIES OF INTERSPECIFIC IN VITRO MICROGRAFTING OF AGARWOOD (Aquilaria malaccensis LAMK.) by MATHIUS, NURITA TORUAN; SITUMORANG, JONNER; RACHMAWATI, DEWI RACHMAWATI; ANIDA (2011) - Th e scions were placed in the incisions made in the rootstock with both the cut surfaces in good physical contact (Fig. 1). Th e objectives of this study were: (i) to determine the appropriate and reliable micrografting techniques for agarwood planlets; (ii) to determine survival, growth, rootstock suckering, and short-term compatibility of A. malaccensis scion on several species of rootstocks under in vitro conditions, and (iii) to characterize graft incompatibility based on histological and biochemical aspects of grafting. Keywords: agarwood; area; callus; cells; et al; growth; malaccensis; micrografting; plant; protein; rootstocks; scion; tissues; toruan; union; vitro
• SECONDARY POLLEN PRESENTATION, PSYCHOPHILY AND ANEMOCHORY IN Lagascea mollis Cav. (ASTERACEAE) by Rao, M. Mallikarjuna; Raju, Aluri Jacob Solomon (2017) - Such a form of pollen presentation is referred to as secondary pollen presentation mechanism which ensures the pollen availability to insects visiting the capitula on daily basis. This type of pollen presentation by sweeping hairs is the characteristic of brush mechanism (Torres & Galetto 2007). Keywords: anthers; day; florets; insects; lagascea; mollis; nectar; plant; pollen; pollination; presentation
• EFFECT OF INVASIVE Ageratina adenophora ON SPECIES RICHNESS AND COMPOSITION OF SAPROTROPHIC AND PATHOGENIC SOIL FUNGI by Balami, Sujan; Thapa, Lal B.; Jha, Sanjay Kumar (2017) - The acceptable significance level was p < 0.05. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Species Richness A total of 34 soil fungi species were found in soil samples (Table 1). four species Twenty-nine were reported from division Ascomycota BIOTROPIA Vol. 24 No. 3, 2017 214 Table 1 Total numbers of soil fungi species found in different soil type Soil type Total species Uninvaded soil 28a A. adenophora invaded non-rhizosphere soil 22b A. adenophora invaded rhizosphere soil 20b Keywords: adenophora; community; composition; et al; fungi; fungi species; invasion; invasive; plant; richness; soil; soil fungi; species
• THE GROWTH STRATEGIES ANALYSIS OF TEN WOODY PLANT SPECIES FOR EFFECTIVE REVEGETATION by Rindyastuti, Ridesti; Sancayaningsih, Retno Peni (2018) - Most of woody plant species are adaptive to dry lowland habitat and only D. dao potentially occupy the ecosystem. The correlation explained the importance of NAR in determining RGR of woody plant species. Keywords: dry; growth; leaf; mass; plant; plant species; rgr; rgrs; root; seed; sla; species; trait; woody
• THE PECULIAR PETIOLE CALLUSES GROWTH OF Amorphophallus titanum (Becc.) Becc. ex Arcang AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR EX SITU CONSERVATION EFFORTS by Yuzammi, Yuzammi; Tyas, Kartika Ning; Handayani, Tri (2018) - The collection of petiole calluses of A. titanum that formed in its natural habitat are recommended instead of carrying the tuber. The effect of A. titanum callus size on shoot emergence, shoot height, leaf diameter, petiole diameter and number of shoots Callus size (cm²) Keywords: callus; calluses; growth; petiole; plant; shoot; species; titanum
• JABON (Anthocephalus cadamba Roxb.) POTENCY FOR REMEDIATING LEAD (Pb) TOXICITY UNDER NUTRIENT CULTURE CONDITION by Setyaningsih, Luluk; Setiadi, Yadi; Budi, Sri Wilarso; Hamim, Hamim; Sopandie, Didy (2018) - Figure 1 Relation of Pb concentration (▲) in root and dry biomass (ᴏ) of jabon seedling on Pb exposure 69 Jabon seedlings exposed to Pb for 15 days in a nutrient culture led to an increase of Pb concentration in seedling tissues. Another possibility was the leakage or efflux of Pb and exit back to the media due to damaging effect of Pb. concentration seedling roots Pb in followed the polimonial pattern of open downwards, while seedling biomass (dry weight) followed the polimonial pattern of open up in response to the increased Pb concentration (Fig. 3). Keywords: concentration; exposure; jabon; lead; plant; roots; seedling; value
• FLORA DIVERSITY, COMPOSITION AND ECOLOGY IN BESIQ BERMAI TROPICAL FOREST OF DAMAI DISTRICT, EAST KALIMANTAN by Sofiah, Siti; Metusala, Destario; Trimanto, Trimanto; Nurfadilah, Siti (2018) - The study showed that the flora diversity in Besiq Bermai forest, East Kalimantan was relatively high. The most important family for understory in Besiq Bermai forest was Marantaceae, followed by Zingiberaceae and Pandanaceae (Fig. Keywords: bermai; besiq; composition; diversity; et al; factors; flora; forest; index; kalimantan; plant; soil; species; study; tropical
• ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF RED PIGMENT ISOLATED FROM COASTAL ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI AGAINST MULTI-DRUG RESISTANT BACTERIA by Sibero, Mada Triandala; Sahara, Rita; Syafiqoh, Nur; Tarman, Kustiariyah (2017) - et al et al (2013) stated that endophytic fungi could produce the same or similar bioactive compounds like its hosts. This research was aimed to isolate coastal endophytic fungi from smooth ant plant (Hydophytum formicarum), to screen endophytic fungi which produce red pigment, to extract the red pigment, to determine antibacterial activity of the red pigment and to identify the coastal endophytic fungi producing the red pigment. Keywords: activity; aspergillus; bacteria; coli; doi; et al; fungal; fungi; fungus; mdr; media; pda; pigment; plant; red; sibero; versicolor
• ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PARTIAL CDNA OF SUCROSE SYNTHASE PUTATIVE GENE IN PALMYRA PALM (BORASSUS FLABELLIFER) by INABUY, FAINMARINAT; Pancoro, Adi (2024) - Transformed cells containing SUS gene fragment were selected by blue- white screening method. A 1866 bp partial cDNA fragment of SUS putative gene has been succesfully isolated from RNA of the young leaves of B. flabellifer. Keywords: bfsus; cdna; flabellifer; fragment; gene; plant; polypeptide; rna; sequence; species; sucrose; sus; synthase
• GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF OIL PALM SHOOTS UNDER DIFFERENT LIGHT QUALITIES by Manoh, Helena Patricia; Yanti, Yanti; Toruan-Mathius, Nurita (2021) - This study examines the influence of different light qualities on the in vitro growth and development of oil palm shoots which were cultured in Murashige & Skoog medium under white fluorescent lamp, white light-emitting diode (LED), red LED, blue LED, combination of red and blue LED, and in darkness. No. 1,2021 light quality varied depending on the plant species yet little is known about LED utilization with different light qualities in oil palm shoot. Keywords: blue; chlorophyll; content; development; growth; light; oil; palm; plant; red; shoots; white

• OVEREXPRESSION OF Gα GENE INCREASES GROWTH AND HYPOSALINE TOLERANCE IN Kappaphycus alvarezii TRANSGENIC PLANTLETS by Sulistiani, Erina (2021) - At 15 ppt, transgenic plantlets were more tolerant than non-transgenic ones, as most thalli of transgenic plantlets remained brown in color, whereas most thalli of non-transgenic plantlets were bleached. The results of the qPCR analysis showed that the expression of the Ga gene in transgenic plantlets increased by 6.43 - 8.03 times compared with that of non-transgenic plantlets. Keywords: ca2; dgrs; expression; fig; gene; growth; hyposaline; level; plantlets; ppt; ppt salinity; salinity; thallus; transgenic; transgenic plantlets
• REVIEW OF AQUACULTURE GENETIC RESEARCHES IN THAILAND by NA-NAKORN, UTHAIRAT (2024) - C. macrocephalus is the most acceptable due to good meat quality, thus commands high price. Although its growth and disease resistance is better than C. macrocephalus, it is not so acceptable due to poor meat quality, thus its price is very low. Keywords: aquaculture; fisheries; growth; macrocephalus; selection; species; thailand; university
• GROWTH OF BLACK SOLDIER FLY LARVAE ( Hermetia illucens ) FED WITH PAK CHOI ( Brassica chinensis ) AND CARP ( Cyprinus carpio ) RESIDUES by Permana, Agus Dana; Putra, Ramadhani Eka; Nurulfah, Auliya; Rosmiati, Mia; Kinasih, Ida (2021) - Growth of black soldier larvae fed on cassava peel wastes, An agriculture waste. This species can colonize a wide range of organic wastes, including agricultural wastes (Manurung et al. 2016; Supriyatna et al. 2016), animal and human remains (Tomberin et al. 2005; Pujol-Liz et al. 2008), fish offal (St-Hilaire et al. 2007a), food waste (Diener et al. 2011; Keywords: diet; entomol; et al; feed; fly; food; growth; hermetia; illucens; larvae; soldier; tomberlin; waste
• EFFECTS OF VARIOUS SOIL ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSES ON THE OCCURRENCE, DISTRIBUTION AND EFFECTIVENESS OF VA MYCORRHIZAE by KHAN, A.G. (2024) - These stresses effect the growth of plants fungus or both. This paper discusses the occurrence, distribution and significance of VAM in environmentally stressed soil conditions that limit plant growth such as drought, waterlogging and salinity. Keywords: fungi; growth; khan; mycorrhizal; plants; soil; vam
• GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF DIPTEROCARP SPECIES PLANTED ON ABANDONED MINING AREA IN SOUTHERN THAILAND by Wongprom, Jetsada (2020) - In this study, soil moisture at A. mangium plot was higher than that in the open plot, indicating that A. mangium can reduce water transpiration from the soil. Providing nurse trees for Dipterocarp trees significantly influenced the growth and survival of Dipterocarp seedlings (Norisada et al. 2005; Sakai et al. 2014). Keywords: dipterocarp; et al; growth; mangium; open; plot; seedlings; soil; species
• SEA RANCHING OF Holothuria atra: STOCKING DENSITY AND TIME by Hartati, Retno; Ambariyanto, Ambariyanto; Zainuri, Muhammad; Widianingsih, Widianingsih (2021) - Since stocking density plays a very critical role in aquaculture growth, the objectives of this study, therefore, was to determine the best stocking density and stocking time on the rearing of sea cucumber H. atra, and their specific effects on the species performance and characteristics of the bottom sediment in the cages used. A B C https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Paulo_Cartaxana?_sg%5B0%5D=6lvu8fYPltBuQIDrhjgvtjFRYD4-ILb81vUxJ9MYqegsCM11utVuEcEURBRvun2SdKJhBwc.ojKG9UWA7KzscjNmj2VDjbtfvTf2tPpfhfYtDGi7ysPM2jMnFz1D25t1YNAuJHB27zL5bmnGbhTP-ReA9NLOag&_sg%5B1%5D=AB-ekFl8kPT3cibOO-qVAnDLAJY_MPX_kEp7-WpaS5dKhrKavanHFjxZ9DrCrEGd55z-eoU.wgM2xNnWEmRdtDo_xkgoOWAMiLlJSIz3iPjjRPiTsA0InMevJEUSidPs4llPJUMCMxkmi5Yw9VqueqguUIcSiA BIOTROPIA Vol. 28 No. 2, 2021 136 Figure 6 Concentration of chlorophyll-a (A) and chlorophyll-b (B), in the cage sediments of H. atra reared at different densities Figure 7 Concentration of phaeophytin (A) and total carotene (B) in the cage sediments of sea cucumber H. atra reared at different densities Bottom sediment is one of the basic components influencing sea cucumber habitat preferences. Keywords: atra; cages; cucumber; density; et al; fission; growth; hartati; individuals; month; sea; stocking; stocking density
• EFFECTS OF SOIL STERILIZATION ON THE FORMATION AND FUNCTION OF TWO STRAINS OF PISOLITHUS TINCTORIUS ON EUCALYPTUS UROPHYLLA*) by AGGANGAN, BERNIE DELL, NELLY S. (2024) - In Pangasinan soil, root colonization by H445 was significantly greater in non-sterile soil than in sterile soil. Heights and fine root dry weight in partly sterile soil were intermediate and these were not significant compared with those in sterile soil as well as those in non-sterile soil. Keywords: growth; h445; h615; height; inoculation; mycorrhizal; pisolithus; root; seedlings; soil
• BIOCONTROL POTENTIAL OF ENDOPHYTIC Aspergillus spp. AGAINST Fusarium verticillioides by Campos, Ron Patrick Cuagdan; Jacob, James Kennard Sanz (2021) - A. niger inhibited F. verticillioides by 47.37%, followed by A. tamarii (41.02%) and A. terreus (27.91%). Dual culture observations revealed that A. tamarii and A. niger antagonized the growth of F. verticillioides via overgrowth mechanism while A. terreus employed antibiosis to restrict the pathogen. Keywords: aspergillus; biocontrol; endophytes; fungi; growth; niger; tamarii; terreus; verticillioides
• INFLUENCE OF MEDIA GELLING AGENTS ON ROOT BIOMASS AND IN VITRO VA-MYCORRfflZAL SYMBIOSIS OF CARROT WITH GIGASPORA MARGARITA by PAL BHATIA, NAVEEN; ADHOLEYA, ALOK; VERMA, ANJALI (2024) - Taking these observations into account, the present study was undertaken to optimize the level of some of the major elements, which are known to help in root growth and eventually improve in vitro culture conditions towards a more stronger symbiosis hi the dual culture system. USA) and classified on the basis of rate of root growth, (Table 1) as A=Fast (root growth > 2 cm/day), B=Moderate (root growth 1-2 cm/day), and C=Slow (root growth < 1 cm/day). Keywords: agents; becard; biomass; carrot; growth; medium; mycorrhizal; phytagel; root; symbiosis
• INHIBITORY EFFECT OF ULIN WOOD LIQUID SMOKE AND GOGO RICE ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI AGAINST PATHOGEN Pyricularia oryzae by Imaningsih, Witiyasti; Mariana; Junaidi, Ahmad Budi; Adventaria, Della (2022) - BIOTROPIA Vol. 29 No. 1, 2022 22 Figure 2 Rice germination with various treatments of endophytic fungi Notes: a. rice germination without the addition of endophytic fungi; b. rice seeds with the addition of AP4 endophyte fungi (not germinated); c. rice germination with the addition of endophytic fungi Geotrichum sp. AP8; d. roots of rice seed undergoing treatment with endophytic fungi Geotrichum sp. AP8 (the arrow shows endophytic fungi invading the rice root tissue). Liquid smoke and endophytic fungi have been known as biological agents to enhance the protection of plants against disease. Keywords: concentrations; filtrate; fungi; growth; inhibition; liquid; oryzae; plants; rice; smoke; study; wood
• OPTIMIZATION OF Talinum paniculatum Gaertn. ROOT INDUCTION AND THE EFFECT OF PHOSPHATE CONCENTRATIONS AND AMMONIUM:NITRATE RATIO ON BIOMASS OF ADVENTITIOUS ROOTS IN IN VITRO CULTURE by Manuhara, Yosephine Sri Wulan; Palupi Dasawulan Lestari; Syifa Fajrisani; Putri Gehasti; Sugiharto (2023) - Adventitious root growth was first recorded and used as the initial observational data for the first time that root growth occurred. Adventitious root growth was first recorded and used as the initial observational data for the first time root growth occurred. Keywords: ammonium; explants; growth; iba; nitrate; number; phosphate; root; weight
• EFFECT OF 3, 5, 3'-TRIIODOTHYRONINE (T3) HORMONE ON NUCLEIC ACID AND PROTEIN CONTENT OF THE MUSCLE AND THE GROWTH OF GIANT GOURAMY, OSPHRONEMUS GOURAMY LAC. by HANDAYANI, SRI; Jr., M. ZAIRIN; MOK.OGINTA, ING; BINTANG, MARIA (2011) - In group III, higher RNA concentration was attained at 2.5 mg T3/kg diet and followed by increasing body protein level (5 % over control). Therefore, RNA concentration and RNA/DNA ratio could be used as an indicator of fish growth and nutritional status. Keywords: diet; dna; fish; growth; hormone; protein; rna
• ANALYSIS OF THE TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF CO2 ASSIMILATION RATE (STUDY CASE: GLYCINE MAXL. MERR) by JUNE, TANIA (2011) - To understand the mechanism of this change in temperature dependence, it is important to know the limiting factor to photosynthesis at each measured temperature. However, June (2002) also showed that temperature dependence of electron transport rate is not fixed but changed, both at short-term and long-term time scales. Keywords: assimilation; co2; dependence; growth; june; photosynthesis; plants; rate; temperature
• INFLUENCE OF MEVALONIC ACID AND LINALOOL ON LIMONENE ACCUMULATION IN CALLUS TISSUES OF CITRUS GRANDIS OSBECK by ZAKARIA, ZARINA; AB RAHMAN, NIK NORULAINI NIK; ADD KADIRS, MOHD OMAR (2011) - In other case, hydro- quinone was glucosylated into arbutin after addition to cell suspension cultures of Datura innoxia (Suzuki et al. 1987) in production rate of 2.5 gl-1 after of incubation BIOTROPIA No. 20, 2003 Feeding of 3 mM L-tyrosine or phenylalanine into Lithospermum flavum cultures yielded a 2-3 fold increase in 5-methoxy podophyllotoxin accumulation (Van Uden et al. 1990). Biotransformation of digitoxigenis by cell suspension cultures ofStrophanthus amboensis. Keywords: accumulation; acid; callus; concentrations; cultures; feeding; growth; limonene; linalool; mva
• SOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A NOVEL BENZOATE- UTILIZING Serratia marcescens by SURYANTO, DWI; SUWANTO, ANTONIUS (2011) - DS-8 grew very poorly in media with benzoate concentration exceeding 10 mM. A common concentration for benzoate degradation test was up to 5 mM (Altenschmidl et al. 1993; Eberl et al. (1999) also observed a similar behavior in S. liquefaciens MG1. Keywords: appl; benzoate; growth; isolate; marcescens; media; microbiol
• The POTENTIAL OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA, ISOLATED FROM SEVERAL SOURCES, TO INHIBIT THE GROWTH OF Candida albicans ATCC10231 by Ramona, Yan; Darmayasa, Ida Bagus Gede; Dharmawan, Komang; Sudaryatma, Putu Eka; Teriyani, Ni Made; Batho, Yanuarius Felix; Inabuy, Fainmarinat Selviani (2024) - The novelty of this study is to advance the potential of lactic acid bacteria to control candidiasis infection in human, with a view to develop novel LAB-based probiotic candidates with capability to inhibit/prevent infection by C. albicans, the causative agent of candidiasis. https://doi.org/10.11598/btb.2024.31.2.1868 Lactic acid bacteria antagonistic against Candida albicans - Ramona et.al. Keywords: 0.00±0.00; acid; albicans; bacteria; candida; candidiasis; doi; et al; fluconazole; growth; isolates; kim; lab; labs; potential; women
• GROWTH AND ROOTING SYSTEM OF ACACIA MANGIUM OBTAINED BY TISSUE CULTURE by SETIAWAN, IWAN (2011) - Height growth of A. mangium tree obtained by tissue culture. Diameter growth of A. mangium tree obtained by tissue culture. Keywords: culture; growth; mangium; rooting; tissue
• EFFECT OF THINNING ON GROWTH AND WOOD PRODUCTION OF NATURALLY REGENERATED 8-YEAR-OLD ACACIA MANGIUM WILLD. PLANTATION ON ABANDONED MINING AREA, SOUTHERN THAILAND by Wongprom, Jetsada; Maelim, Somporn; Chandaeng, Wasan; Teejuntuk, Sakhan; Sommeechai, Monthathip; Duangnamon, Decha (2023) - In this study, we presented the results of thinning on the growth of A. mangium trees in a naturally regenerated 8-year-old plantation in the Phangnga Forestry Research Station, with three different thinning schemes, which were compared with the control (unthinned plot). A. mangium plantations mainly focus on producing wood with a short-rotation period but the management of A. mangium for the production of large saw logs has been rarely studied. Keywords: acacia; biomass; growth; mangium; plantation; stem; thinning; trees; volume
• INFLUENCE OF TAURINE ON LARVAL EYE DEVELOPMENT AND GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF GOLDEN RABBITFISH (Siganus guttatus) by Darsiani, Darsiani; Setiawati, Mia; Jusadi, Dedi; Suprayudi, Muhammad Agus; Laining, Asda (2024) - A presents retinal development at 2 DAH; B, C, D, E present retinal development at 10 DAH with taurine dose treatments, observed with 4x magnification. Data on taurine content in rotifers after taurine enrichment were explained descriptively. Keywords: body; content; development; dose; effect; enrichment; et al; eye; fed; feed; feeding; growth; guttatus; larvae; performance; rabbitfish; rate; rotifers; survival; taurine; treatment
• EFFECT OF MANCOZEB 80% CONCENTRATIONS ON THE GROWTH OF CENOCOCCUM GEOPHILUM FR. UNDER IN VITRO CONDITION by SUPRIYANTO, SUPRIYANTO (2011) - Figure 3 shows that C. geophilum mycelia could not grow in solid medium of MMN containing Mancozeb 80% of 700 – 1000 μM. In this case, Mancozeb 80 % disturbed cellular organ of C. geophilum. Radial growth of two-month old Cenococcum geophilum mycelia in different concentrations of Mancozeb 80 % The radial growth of C. geophilum mycelia in different concentrations of Mancozeb 80 % was divided into three groups as follows: (1) The radial growth of mycelia at concentration of 0-400 μm (21.8 – 27.3 mm), (2) The radial growth of mycelia at concentration of 500-600 μm (16.3 -19.9 mm), (3) The radial growth of mycelia at concentration of 700 – 1000 μm (1.1 - 4.1 mm). Keywords: concentrations; fungi; geophilum; growth; mancozeb; mycelia
• GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF SPINY LOBSTER, Panulirus homarus JUVENILES FED WITH DIFFERENT FORMULATED FEEDS by Sudewi, Sudewi; Slamet, Bejo; Adiasmara Giri, Nyoman; Haryanti, Haryanti; Rusdi, Ibnu; Jones, Clive; Irvin, Simon (2024) - This study aimed to (1) evaluate the growth and survival of spiny lobster Panulirus homarus juveniles fed with different diets having profiles based on a basal diet formulation and (2) to compare the growth of lobsters fed with an identical formulated feed with variations only in sources of fish meal and dry matter content. Table 2 Growth and survival of spiny lobster Panulirus homarus juveniles fed with different diets for 12 weeks Diet A 83% dry matter (basal diet) Diet B 83% dry matter (local fish meal) Diet C 83% dry matter (imported fish meal) Keywords: diet; feed; fish; growth; homarus; juveniles; lobster; meal; panulirus; pellets; study; survival
• ENHANCING CALLUS FORMATION IN TAPAKTUAN PATCHOULI THROUGH IN VITRO OPTIMIZED COMBINATIONS OF PGR by Munira, Alya; Khairan, Khairan; Subramaniam, Sreeramanan; Harnelly, Essy (2025) - The diameter of callus explants was determined using the formula on Taghizadeh et al. (2020): ( Callus appeared on day 15 in the treatment of BAP 0.75 mg/L combined with NAA 0.25 mg/L (A1) and NAA 0.5 mg/L (A2), which is similar to research results of Puspita et al. (2023), where the callus of patchouli leaf explants of the Lhokseumawe variety in the combination of BAP 0.75 mg/L + NAA 0.50 mg/L showed signs of callus appearance on day 15 day of observation. Keywords: 2020; auxin; bap; callus; combination; cytokinin; doi; explants; formation; growth; leaf; naa; patchouli; percentage; tdz; treatment; vitro
• BIOREFINERY OF MICROALGAE: THE WORLD’S GREEN GEM FOR THE FUTURE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT by Puja Asiandu, Angga; Sari, Widya; Saefun Naser, Ahmad; Rahmani Akmal, Wulan; Setyawan, Dedy; Aulia Yulyanita, Dita (2025) - Microalgae production in an industrial- scale photobioreactors plant: A comprehensive life cycle assessment. Biojet Lipid content 39.28% (Phang et al. 2015; Chen et al. 2016) 14. Keywords: biodiesel; bioethanol; biofuel; biohydrogen; biojet; biomass; biorefinery; carbohydrate; chlorella; content; costs; cultivation; energy; et al; growth; harvesting; lipid; method; microalgae; oil; process; production; soil; wastewater
• Effect of Calcium Nitrate on Chlorophyll-Based Biotransducer Characterization of Arthrospira platensis Gomont by Sari, Mulia Safrida; Putra, Rachmad Almi; Dwitya, Yonadiah; Fahril, M Ari (2025) - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 32 No. 2, 2025: 205 - 215 DOI: 10.11598/btb.2025.32.1.2480 ISSN: 0215-6334 | e-ISSN: 1907-770X 205 ARTICLE HIGLIGHTS • Calcium nitrate is utilized to enhance the growth and chlorophyll quality of Arthrospira platensis Gomont, aiming to maximize its potential as a biotransducer molecule. Although calcium nitrate supplementation and elevated salinity did not produce statistically significant differences in biomass productivity, the consistent increase observed in treatments P2 and P3, particularly under high salinity, suggests a potential synergistic effect of nitrate availability and osmotic conditioning in enhancing the growth performance of Arthrospira platensis Gomont. Keywords: arthrospira; biomass; calcium; chlorophyll; et al; gomont; groups; growth; nitrate; platensis; ppt; productivity; salinity
• EFFICACY OF THE BIOFLOC SYSTEM WITH THE ADDITION OF CHITOSAN ON TIGER PRAWN (Penaeus monodon) PRODUCTIVITY by Maulianawati, Diana; Amien, Muhammad; Pardi, Yusriadi; Hafid, Hafid; Rifai, Muhammad Aditya`; Raoda, Andini Aisyah Nur; Luthfiyana, Novi; Syahril, Syahril (2025) - Microbial populations in biofloc treatment systems (BFT) safeguard water quality by facilitating the oxidation of organic matter (Sun et al. 2024), improve shrimp farming biosecurity by reducing the risk of various diseases (Avnimelech et al. 2013), and help prevent disease outbreaks, such as EMS, RMS, and EHP, through the use of a minimal water exchange system. Studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of implementing biofloc systems in shrimp farming. Keywords: addition; aquaculture; bacteria; biofloc; chitosan; control; doi; et al; growth; levels; monodon; quality; shrimp; study; system; technology; tiger; treatments; water
• THE POTENTIAL OF Enhalus acoroides AS A BIOSTIMULANT TO ENHANCE MAIZE GROWTH AND DROUGHT TOLERANCE by Pharmawati, Made; Wrasiati, Luh Putu; Wijaya, I Made Anom Sutrisna; Siddique, Kadambot.H.M. (2025) - This study evaluated the effects of E. acoroides extract on maize growth under drought conditions during the seedling phase and analyzed biochemical changes in maize plants treated with the extract. For plant extracts, a 0.03 g sample was dissolved in 5 mL of methanol. Keywords: acoroides; acoroides extract; chlorophyll; concentrations; doi; drought; extract; growth; maize; peg; plants; stress; sugars; treatment
• CALLUS INDUCTION OF COTTONI SEAWEED (Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) Doty) COLLECTED FROM NATUNA ISLANDS, RIAU ISLANDS PROVINCE by Sulistiani, Erina (2013) - Types of callus formed after 6 weeks in callus induction media : (A) white compact callus; (B) white filamentous callus; (C) greenish/brownish callus (Scale bar = 4 mm). Effects of plant growth regulators and culture medium on morphogenesis of (Rhodophyta) cultured . Keywords: bap; callus; explants; growth; iaa; induction; medium; seaweed
• MICROHABITAT INFLUENCE ON GROWTH DISTRIBUTION PATTERN OF RAMIN (Gonystylus bancanus) IN SIAK, RIAU PROVINCE by Pribadi, Didit Okta; Kusuma, Yayan Wahyu C. (2015) - It described that 78.3% of basal area distribution were influenced by microhabitat characteristics and the rest was influenced by other factors such as genetic factors or age differences. However, further DFA analysis on microhabitat characteristics expressed that the individuals of G. bancanus could be grouped only in 2 clusters with detailed explanation as follows (Table 3): a. Nine individuals member of Cluster 1 of height should be included in Cluster 2 of microhabitat characteristics; b. Keywords: area; bancanus; basal; characteristics; cluster; distribution; growth; height; individuals; microhabitat; ramin; slope
• MODELING OF TREE GROWTH AFTER FOREST FIRE IN MOUNT CIREMAI NATIONAL PARK, INDONESIA by Rozak, Andes Hamuraby; Setiadi, Tedi (2017) - Keywords: Forest fire, Mount Ciremai National Park, tree growth model, tropical montane forest INTRODUCTION This study of tree growth after forest fire was conducted using a model simulation. Keywords: biomass; fire; forest; growth; model; species; tree
• INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION ON EARLY GROWTH OF Neolamarckia cadamba Miq. IN PROVENANCE–PROGENY TESTS IN WEST JAVA PROVINCE, INDONESIA by Sudrajat, Dede J; Nurhasybi, Nurhasybi; Siregar, Iskandar Z; Siregar, Ulfah J; Mansur, Irdika; Khumaida, Nurul (2016) - Stable heritability combined with selection of family and selection within family will improve genetic gain. : Keywords Genetic correlation, genetic parameter, heritability, progeny, provenance, Neolamarckia cadamba, selection INTRODUCTION Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Growth variation and genetic parameter of progeny test of teak at 5 years old in Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta. Keywords: cadamba; collar; diameter; family; growth; height; heritability; indonesia; limbangan; parameters; parungpanjang; progeny; provenance; variance; variation
• POTENCY OF RHIZOSPHERE BACTERIA TO PROMOTE RICE GROWTH UNDER SALINE CONDITION by Widawati, Sri; Sudiana, I Made (2017) - Salinity affects rice growth and the activities of soil functional microbes, including functional bacteria, which play roles in plant growth. Very low Very low Low Moderate Very low High Low Low Low Acid Infertile 117 Promoting rice growth using rhizosphere – Widawati and Sudiana each Petridish, on which 10 rice seeds were lined up, followed by 1.0 mL of bacterial inoculant 9 suspension containing 10 cells/mL. Root and shoot lengths were measured at 7 days after germination. Keywords: azospirillum; bacteria; burkholderia; csc; growth; inpara-3; nitrogen; rhizobium; rice; saline; soil; strains
• LIGHT-COLOR-INDUCED CHANGES IN FATTY ACID BIOSYNTHESIS IN Chlorella sp. STRAIN KS-MA2 IN EARLY STATIONARY GROWTH PHASE by Osman, Siti-Mariam; Chuah, Tse Seng; Loh, Saw Hong; Cha, Thye San; Ahmad, Aziz (2018) - The increase of and transcription KAS-1 ω-6 FAD levels might be associated with photo-protection against higher light intensity (Yoshioka 2012). The impacts of light color on fatty acid production and biosynthesis in microalgae are poorly understood. Keywords: acid; blue; cell; chlorella; color; et al; fad; fatty; fig; growth; light; ma2; microalgae; strain
• RECOVERY OF MORE THAN 10 YEARS-DRYING Monascus CULTURES AND ITS PURIFICATION METHODS FROM FUNGAL AND BACTERIAL CONTAMINATION by Suharna, Nandang (2008) - This self-drying method, therefore, could be suggested as a good long-term preservation method for Monascus cultures. We experienced with yearly storage of Monascus cultures preserved by grown on agar slant but then let dry naturally at room temperature. Keywords: cultures; drying; ethanol; good; growth; monascus
• ASSESSMENT OF SEEDLING ABUNDANCE, SURVIVAL AND GROWTH OF TWO DIPTEROCARP SPECIES IN PEAT SWAMP FORESTS OF BRUNEI DARUSSALAM by Mohd Din, Hazimah Haji; Bakiri, Nor Basirah; Sukri, Rahayu Sukmaria; Metali, Faizah Haji (2018) - This suggests that in the shaded understorey of peat swamp forests, S. albida seedlings allocated more resources to stem diameter growth than height growth. Finally, given that peat swamps forests are fast disappearing due to natural and anthropogenic disturbances, their protection and conservation efforts should be prioritised to protect the Bornean endemic plant species, in particular S. albida. Keywords: albida; brunei; forest; growth; peat; rappa; seedlings; species; survival; swamp
• GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND ENZYME ACTIVITIES IN CATFISH (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) FED WITH WATER HYACINTH-BASED DIET by Yuniati, Dewi; Utomo, Nur Bambang Priyo; Setiawati, Mia; Alimuddin, Alimuddin (2018) - Corresponding author: dewiyun25@gmail.com BIOTROPIA 5 2 8 140 147 Vol. 2 No. , 201 : - DOI: 10.11598/btb.2018.25.2.840 140 In previous study, water hyacinth has been used as fish feed in tilapia (Khalil et al. 2015; Bag et al. 2011; Hence, water hyacinth was chosen to be the raw material of fish feed in this research. Keywords: activities; catfish; digestibility; enzyme; feed; fish; growth; hyacinth; protein; treatments; use; water; water hyacinth
• STUDIES ON INTERFERENCE AMONG TREES IN A PLANTATION OF ALTINGIA EXCELSA by SAKAI, KAN-ICHI (2024) - For estimating the effect of tree density by measuring the central tree, various sizes of the circle from a radius of 2.5 to 7.5 meters have been taken, while the effect of tree number on their average growth has been measured in a quadrat of 10 x 10 meters or in circle of a radius of 5 to 6 meters. Estimation of the effect of tree density on the growth of trees has been made in two ways: (1) effect of number of trees growing within a given radius on the growth of a tree standing in the center of the circle (circular plot) and (2) effect of number of trees within a quadrat or a circle on their average growth (quadrate plot or circular plot). Keywords: competition; dbh; density; effect; growth; meters; trees

• DETERMINING AN APPROPRIATE AGE FOR ESTIMATING SITE INDEX OF Acacia HYBRID PLANTATIONS IN SOUTHEASTERN VIETNAM by Nguyen, Chung Tan; Tran, Ngoan Thi; Nguyen, Them Van (2021) - ABSTRACT This article documents the research results of a site index classification for Acacia hybrid plantations in Dong Nai Province. The objectives of this study were to 1) determine a baseline age for Acacia hybrid plantations to establish their site indices and 2) develop site index curves for Acacia hybrid plantations. Keywords: acacia; age; forest; height; hybrid; index; plantations; site; tree
• ASSOCIATION OF TREE COMMUNITIES WITH SOIL PROPERTIES IN A SEMI DECIDUOUS FOREST OF PERLIS, PENINSULAR MALAYSIA by Zakaria, Radhiah; Mohd Said, Mohd Nizam; Ibrahim, Faridah Hanum (2019) - This study was conducted to determine the effect of soil properties on the association of tree communities within three distinct habitats in a semi-deciduous forest in Perlis State Park (PSP), Perlis. Soil properties significantly varied among the study sites. Keywords: analysis; association; communities; forest; granite; habitats; kubang; malaysia; pasu; perlis; plots; properties; setul; soil; species; study; tree
• SITE INDICATOR SPECIES FOR PREDICTING THE PRODUCTIVITY OF TEAK PLANTATIONS IN PHRAE PROVINCE, THAILAND by Jumwong, Narinthorn; Wachrinrat, Chongrak; Sungkaew, Sarawood; Teerawatananon, Atchara (2020) - Keywords: productivity, site indicator species, site quality, Teak plantation, Thailand INTRODUCTION Teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) Evaluation of site quality index for teak plantation in Thailand. Keywords: dalbergia; forest; good; index; indicator; indicator species; plantation; quality; site; soil; species; teak; thailand
• SOIL PROPERTIES AND TREE COMPOSITION IN A 27-YEAR OLD Acacia mangium Willd. PLANTATION ON ABANDONED MINING AREA AT PHANGNGA FORESTRY RESEARCH STATION by Wongprom, Jetsada; Poolsiri, Roongreang; Diloksumpun, Sapit; Ngernsaengsaruay, Chatchai (2020) - Hopea grijfithii Dipterocarpaceae 4.97 4.77 2.11 11.85 Gluta elegans Anacardiaceae 3.69 3.11 4.07 10.87 Other species 67.66 71.17 44.98 183.81 Table 5 Sorensen similarity index of tree species among S27, C27 and MP compared with SF and PF Site SF PF S27 17.48 5.83 C27 22.61 6.98 MP 23.53 8.00 SF 100.00 31.03 PF 31.03 100.00 131 BIOTROPIA Vol. 27 No. 2, 2020 CONCLUSION The A. mangium plantation in the abandoned tin mining area played a key role in the soil improvement particularly, the top soil. Since native tree species have been introduced into plantations, resulting in an increased tree species richness and increased forest structure complexity, the restoration of previously mined areas using nitrogen fixing trees has been focused on soil improvement (Bohre & Chaubey 2014). Keywords: c27; density; forest; mangium; mining; plantation; properties; s27; soil; species; tree
• DIVERSITY AND VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF VASCULAR EPIPHYTES ON A MALAYSIAN MANGROVE ISLAND by Rohani, Shahrudin; Lee, Fei Lin; Yusoff, Abdul Shukor (2020) - Vascular epiphytes also tended to colonize zones with similar microhabitats indicating that vascular epiphytes may be specific to a particular strata (Woods 2013). The aim of this research was to study the diversity and vertical distribution of vascular epiphytes in a mangrove forest in peninsular Malaysia. Keywords: distribution; diversity; epiphytes; et al; forest; host; mangrove; plants; pulau; species; telaga; trees; tujuh
• EFFECTS OF FIRE ON STRUCTURE AND COMPOSITION OF VEGETATION COMMUNITY IN PINE FORESTS, NAM NAO NATIONAL PARK, THAILAND by Wanthongchai, Kobsak; Tarusadamrongdet, Voradet (2020) - Hence, this study aimed to examine the effects of forest fire on the vegetation structure and composition of a degraded pine forest (PF) and in a mixed pine-oak forest (O-PF) of Phu Kum Khao, Nam Nao National Park, Phetchabun Province, Thailand. Since forest fires are a potential factor that might cause forest degradation in the study area, further studies on the effects of fire frequency on vegetation structure and composition is needed to provide sufficient fire control measures for efficient forest fire management to prevent further ecosystem degradation. Keywords: burn; burning; diameter; fire; forest; oak; pine; pine forest; seedlings
• SITE INDEX OF SIAMESE ROSEWOOD (Dalbergia cochinchinensis Pierre) IN PLANTATIONS OF THAILAND by Phunchaisri, Taengmoo; Wachrinrat, Chongrak; Meunpong, Ponthep; Tangmitcharoen, Suwan; Kuasakun, Nawaphong (2020) - «00000 1200000 i § Scale 1:8,000,000 0 75 150 300 450 600 I Kilometer! 600000 1200000 Figure 1 Location of Siamese rosewood study sites in Thailand Table 3 Phunchaisri et al. CONCLUSION A site index curve and equation are necessities for Thailand forestry to support Siamese rosewood plantations dating back more than 50 years; however, extensive research commenced only recently. Keywords: conservation; department; forest; research; rosewood; silvicultural; site; station; thailand
• UNDERSTANDING NATURAL REGENERATION IN BURNED TROPICAL PEATLAND: A STRATEGY TO ACCELERATE THE FOREST RECOVERY PROCESS by Lestari, Dwi Puji; Darusman, Taryono; Harsanto, Fransiskus; Arriyadi, Desra; Ginanjar, Ginanjar (2022) - The study location is a typical degraded peatland forest mostly damaged by logging activities in the late 1970s to early 2000s, and subsequent canal drainage mainly for agricultures and transportation network, as well as forest fires. Unhke other researchers who reported that burned peatland forests in Icalimantan were normally dominated by pioneer species especially Combretocapzls and Cratoxylm species (Blackham et al. 2014; Keywords: canal; fbf; fire; forest; peatland; planting; regeneration; regrowth; restoration; species; study; transect
• NUTRIENT STOCKS IN FOUR STAGES OF A LOWLAND RAIN FOREST AT PASIRMAYANG, JAMBI, CENTRAL SUMATRA, by LESTARI, PAMUJI (2024) - Bark contains higher nutrient concentration than wood parts, both in stems and branches. Barks which play considerable role in transferring nutrients from trees into soil are always present in higher nutrient concentration than sap wood, both in stems and branches. Keywords: concentration; forest; litter; litterfall; nutrient; parts; soil; stages; trees
• TREE COMMUNITY STRUCTURE AND ABOVEGROUND CARBON STOCK OF SACRED FOREST IN PASAMAN, WEST SUMATERA by Santhyami, Santhyami (2021) - The use of secondary forest species [Indonesian]. The size of the plot and subplots were as follows: seedlings (woody tree species with leaves more than two strands and a height of < 1.5 m); understorey layer species (non-ligneous and ligneous herbs, ferns, shrubs and tree species with heights d . Keywords: area; carbon; community; density; forest; indonesia; number; plot; sacred; species; stock; structure; study; sumatera; total; tree; west
• SPECTRAL AND TEXTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LOWLAND TROPICAL RAIN FOREST OF JAMBI, SUMATERA by WASRIN, UPIK ROSALINA; ARIEF, MUCHLISIN; SETIABUDHI, SETIABUDHI (2024) - Comparative ecological studies on three main types of forest vegetation in Thailand. Key words: Indonesia/Jambi/Tropical rain forests/lowland areas/Remote sensing/Vegetation Analysis/ Logged-over forests/Primary forests/Secondary forests. Keywords: forest; landsat; primary; reflectance; spot; values; vegetation
• Litter Fall in A Primary and Two Logged-over Lowland Tropical Rainforests in Pasirmayang, Jambi. by WASRIN, UPIK ROSALINA; PUTERA, AGUS EKA (2024) - Litter production in gm'2 was obtained upon conversion of litter production in g trap1, by dividing the amount by 39 litter trap Litterfall in a primary and two logged-over forests - Upik R. Wasrin & Agus Eka Putra trap size (0.785 m2). Total litter production per month (average of 75 traps) in the primary forest during 54 months of observation (August 1991 -Ju ly 1996) Fig. 6, 7, and 8 show fluctuations in litter production attributed to specific plant parts over the observation period. Keywords: cut; fig; forest; fruit; july; litter; primary; production; total
• Diversity and Status of Butterflies in Awasian Water Forest Reserve, Mt. Hilong-hilong, Philippines by GRASIA, ARTURO; ABAO, MARY CRIS G.; QUIŇONEZ, KEVIN C.; SUAREZ, MARK FREDDIE D.; ELEGIO, LEA JANE G; MOHAGAN, ALMA B. (2022) - Tagiades japetus titus R C C NE 3 Tagiades trebellius martinus R C C PE Family Lycaenidae 4 Allotinus pallax apsecus C C - NE 5 Arhopala abseus abseus C C - NE 6 Caleta angola angola R C - NE 7 Cheritra orpheus orpheus R C - PE 8 Eooxylides neduna neduna C - - - 9 Hypolycaena sipylus tharrytas C C - NE 10 Jamides alecto manillana C R - PE 11 Jamides celeno lydanus C R R NE 12 Jamides philatu osias C R NE 13 Nacaduba borenice leei C - - - 14 Prosotas nora semperi R C NE Family Nymphalidae 15 Acrophtalmia albofasciata R R - ME 16 Acrophtalmia leto ochine C C - NE 18 Amathusia phidippus pollicaris R C C NE 19 Cirrochroa tyche tyche C C - NE 20 Cyrestis maenalis C C - NE 21 Danaus melanippus C C - NE 22 Elymnias beza beza R C - ME 23 Euploea amulciber mindanensis C C - NE 24 Euploea euniceleucogaris R - - - 25 Faunis phaon leuces C C - NE 26 Junonia hedonia ida C C C NE 27 Lassipa pata semperi R R - NE 28 Lexias panopus miscus R C - NE 29 Milanitis boisduvalia R R - PE 30 Mycalesis micromede micromede C R - NE 31 Mycalesis federi federi R R - PE 32 Mycalesis mineus philippina C C R NE 33 Mycalesis tagala semiraza C R - NE 34 Neptis mindorana pseudosoma C - - PE 35 Neptis pampanga boholica R R C NE 36 Pantaporia dama commixta C C C PE 37 Pantoporia cyrilla cyrilla R C - PE 17 Pantoporia sp. R - - - 38 Phaedyma columella messogai C C - NE 39 Phalantha phalantha phalantha C C - NE 40 Ptychandra schadenbergi R R - PE 41 Ragadia melindena mindeninse C R - PE 42 Tanaecia leucotaenia acquamarina R C - NE 43 Tarattia cosmia cosmia C - - PE 44 Ypthima sempera chaboras R R - PE Family Papilionidae 45 Atrophaneura semperi R R R PE 46 Graphium argamemnon argamemnon R C - NE 47 Melenaides deiphobus rumanzovia R C - NE 48 Melenaides helenus hystaspes C C C ME 49 Pachliopta mariae mariae C C - PE Family Pieridae 50 Appias nepheleelis R R - NE 51 Cepora aspasia orantia R C - NE 52 Eurema blanda valli volans C C C NE Based on the results, the area harbors an array of butterfly species and various rare species that requires an effective management plan to conserve the organisms. Keywords: area; butterflies; butterfly; c c; diversity; ecological; forest; habitat; hilong; mohagan; philippines; reserve; species; study
• LITTERFALL, LITTER DECOMPOSITION AND NUTRIENT RETURN OF REHABILITATED MINING AREAS AND NATURAL FOREST IN PHANGNGA FORESTRY RESEARCH STATION, SOUTHERN THAILAND by Wongprom, Jetsada; Poolsiri, Roongreang ; Diloksumpun, Sapit ; Ngernsaengsaruay, Chatchai ; Tansakul, Samita ; Chandaeng, Wasan (2022) - Impact of species diversity, stand age and environmental factors on leaf litter decomposition in subtropical forests in China. Litterfall, litter decomposition and nutrient return were investigated in a 27-year- old Acacia mangium plantation on sandy and clay sites, and in a mixed plantation at the Phangnga Forestry Research Station, Phangnga Province, Thailand. Keywords: amc; ams; decomposition; et al; forest; leaf; litter; mangium; nutrient; plantation; soil; trees
• MONITORING FOREST AREA CHANGE USING QUICKBIRD by ENDAYANI, SRI; STEFANO, ANDREW ; FATHIAH; PURBAWATI; ROSANTI, IDA (2022) - The application of GIS (Geographic Information System) is one of the alternatives to conduct a variety of processes such as: providing geographical information system, identifying the areas of urban forests in Samarinda, helping to plan the process of map digitalization and performing overlay process. The research findings showed that: 1) the appointment of urban forests as the initial step of urban forest development needed more implementation from the government; 2) the urban forest determination needed more socialization to the owner of the urban forest and the public in 1992 and 2019; 3) the urban forests needed more management. Keywords: area; city; decree; doi; et al; forest; government; locations; management; number; policy; regulation; samarinda; samarinda city; urban; urban forest
• MACROFUNGAL DIVERSITY IN DIFFERENT VEGETATION COMPOSITIONS IN TEGHARI COMMUNITY FOREST, KAILALI, WEST NEPAL by JOSHI, KAUSALYA; ADHIKARI, HARI SHARAN; ARYAL, HARI PRASAD; SHRESTHA , LAXMI JOSHI (2022) - Similarly, Tropical Evergreen Forest harbored macrofungi species, like Macrolepiota rickenii (mac_nii), Marasmius haematocephalus (mar_lus), Daldinia concentrica (dal_ica), Marasmius androsaceus (mar_eus), Lepiota clypeolaria (lep_ria), Macrolepiota rhacodes (mac_des), Lacrymaria lacrymabunda (lac_nda), Lepiota clypeolaria (lep_ria), Lycoperdon subcretaceum (lyc_eum), Cyathus striatus (cya_tus) Microporus xanthopus (mic_pus) and Podoscypha multizonata (pod_ata). The overlapping of macrofungi species was due to a similar ecological niche. Keywords: canopy; composition; cover; diversity; doi; forest; litter; macrofungi; moisture; nepal; richness; sal; soil; species; study; tropical; vegetation
• RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RAINFALL AND LAND COVER ON THE NUMBER OF HOTSPOTS IN LORE LINDU NATIONAL PARK by Fadjri Maarif; Cesar Andi Mappatoba (2024) - [Relationship between rainfall and fire hotspots in Londerang Peat Protection Forest (HLG), Jambi Province]. Forest fires often occur in the Lore Lindu National Park area, especially in the savanna area. Keywords: area; cover; dan; data; fires; forest; hotspots; hutan; kebakaran; land; land cover; llnp; number; rainfall; relationship
• PRELIMINARY STUDY: FEEDING ECOLOGY AND DAILY ACTIVITY OF THREE COLORED LANGUR (Presbytis chrysomelas ssp cruciger Thomas, 1892) IN DANAU SENTARUM NATIONAL PARK by Santoso, Nyoto; Sutopo; Meo, Lorenzo Elton; Fauziah, Natasya Nurul; Diva, Alfatheya Margwita (2023) - Myrtaceae Mixed forest √ *based on primary observation data, and the local name refers to the Melayu language by community within the study site 1 Zonation books of Danau Sentarum National Park, 2014 (not published) BIOTROPIA Vol. 30 No. 2, 2023 212 Figure 3 Several documentations of feed species that are eaten by Lutung sentarum such as a. Grewia paniculata; b. bark from rubber seed (Hevea brasiliensis), c. bark from Buah gita (Willughbeia coriacea). In addition to the leaves and fruits, three colored langurs also consume the seeds of several types of feed species. Keywords: activities; activity; bukit; ecology; feed; forest; group; habitat; langurs; mixed; park; primary; sentarum; species; stratum; study; tree
• Estimation of Aboveground Forest Biomass and Carbon Storage of Bangladesh by Mojumder, Ajoy; Hossain, Md Sahadat; Volk, Timothy A (2023) - Climate change and organic carbon storage in Bangladesh forests. A new estimate of carbon for Bangladesh forest ecosystems with their spatial distribution and REDD+ implications. Keywords: aboveground; area; bangladesh; biomass; carbon; change; data; et al; forest; hill; mangrove; mg.ha-1; national; sal; study; sundarbans
• ENDEMISM AND CONSERVATION STATUS OF TREE SPECIES OF FRESHWATER SWAMP FOREST, PERAK TENGAH, MALAYSIA by Nawi, Liliwirianis; Suratman, Mohd Nazip; Yusof, Farida Zuraina Mohd; Mohamad, Abdul Latiff (2024) - No. Family Species IUCN status 1 Anacardiaceae Gluta curtisii Lower risk/ least concern 2 Anacardiaceae Mangifera foetida Lower risk/ least concern 3 Anacardiaceae Mangifera magnifica Lower risk/ least concern 4 Anacardiaceae Melanochyla nitida Lower risk/ least concern 5 Anacardiaceae Pentaspadon motleyi Data Deficient 6 Anisophylleaceae Anisophyllea apetala Vulnerable 7 Annonaceae Alphonsea kingii Critically endangered 8 Annonaceae Alphonsea maingayi Lower risk/ least concern 9 Annonaceae Cyathocalyx pruniferus Lower risk/ least concern 10 Annonaceae Enicosanthum fuscum Near Threatened 11 Annonaceae Enicosanthum macranthum Vulnerable 12 Annonaceae Popowia fusca Lower risk/ least concern 13 Apocynaceae Alstonia scholaris Lower risk/ least concern 14 Apocynaceae Dyera costulata Lower risk/ least concern 15 Apocynaceae Hunteria zeylanica Lower risk/ least concern 16 Aquifoliaceae Ilex cymosa Lower risk/ least concern 17 Burseraceae Canarium hirsutum Lower risk/ least concern 18 Burseraceae Canarium littorale Lower risk/ least concern 19 Burseraceae Canarium pseudodecumanum Vulnerable 20 Burseraceae Canarium pseudosumatranum Lower risk: conservation dependent 21 Burseraceae Dacryodes incurvata Lower risk/ least concern 22 Burseraceae Dacryodes kingii Lower risk: conservation dependent 23 Burseraceae Dacryodes puberula Keywords: concern; conservation; dipterocarpaceae; forest; freshwater; malaysia; perak; species; swamp; var; vulnerable
• DIVERSITY, ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION STATUS OF NEPENTHES IN WEST SUMATRA PROVINCE, INDONESIA by Mansur, Muhammad; Salamah, Andi; Mirmanto, Edi; Brearley, Francis Q (2023) - These conditions allow this province to support a high diversity of Nepenthes species. Table 3 List of tree species and their abundance in 0.27 ha of forest plots containing Nepenthes species at Bukit Malalak, Agam Regency (Sumatra) Species Family BA (m2) Keywords: clarke; doi; forest; indonesia; mansur; nepenthes; pitcher; plot; province; species; sumatra; west
• Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus ssp. wurmbii) ranging pattern in Punggualas, Sebangau National Park, Central Kalimantan Indonesia: Ranging pattern of P.p. wurmbii in Punggualas, Sebangau National Park by Panda, Adventus; Meididit, Ari; Simon, Okta; Artama, Wayan Tunas; Priyowidodo, Dwi; Djohan, Tjut Sugandawaty (2023) - Lucinea sp1 Rubiaceae ☒ ☐ ☐ ☒ ☐ Ficus sp Moraceae ☒ ☒ ☒ ☐ ☐ ☐ Xylopia malayana ☒ ☒ ☐ ☐ ☐ Dyera polyphylla Apocynaceae ☒ ☒ ☒ ☒ ☒ Licania splendens Chrysobalanaceae ☒ ☒ ☐ ☒ ☐ Callophylum hosei Clusiaceae ☒ ☐ ☐ ☒ ☐ Callophylum sclerophyllum ☒ ☐ ☒ ☐ ☐ Callophylum sp3 ☒ ☒ Keywords: area; doi; forest; home; orangutan; punggualas; range; study; ☐ ☐; ☐ ☒; ☒ ☐; ☒ ☒
• BRYOPHYTE DIVERSITY AND ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION IN A RESIDENTIAL AREA AND AN INDUSTRIAL URBAN FOREST IN JAKARTA, INDONESIA by Putrika, Afiatry; Salamah, Andi; Atria, Mega; Hendrayanti, Dian; Winarni, Nurul Laksmi; Purba, Eliza Pricilia; Tsabitudinillah, Sarah; Ariyanti, Nunik Sri (2023) - Transportation and industry produce emissions such as carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides that contribute to air pollution in urban areas. Consequently, the abundance and species richness of liverwort in urban areas is lower than in natural habitats because of the difference in canopy coverage density and relative humidity. Keywords: air; area; bryophytes; diversity; et al; forest; hyophila; index; indonesia; jakarta; pollution; pottiaceae; species; urban
• TROPICAL PALMS AND FACTORS INFLUENCING THEIR DISTRIBUTIONS AND DIVERSITY, WITH A FOCUS ON Pinanga DIVERSITY IN SOUTHEAST ASIA by Abdullah, Mohamad Farid; Md Jaafar, Salwana; Ahmad, Norhayati; Sukri, Rahayu Sukmaria (2024) - Local communities often use Pinanga palms as tools and sources of food. Pinanga palms are also frequently found in humid areas covered by high canopy cover, near small rivers and in soil with thick litter layers, as well as in limestone areas (Syauqina et al. 2017; Randi et al. 2019). Keywords: 2020; abundance; arecaceae; asia; brunei; distribution; diversity; doi; eiserhardt; et al; factors; forest; influence; internet; nov; palm; palm species; pinanga; richness; soil; southeast; species; species richness; studies; svenning; tropical
• SOIL QUALITY CHANGES FOLLOWING FOREST CLEARANCE IN BENGKULU, SUMATRA by HANDAYANI, I P (2011) - The results show that land-use following forest clearance lowered saturated hydraulic conductivity (85%), porosity (10.50%), soil water content at field capacity (34%),C organic (27%), N total (26%), inorganic N (37%), soil microbial biomass C (32%), mineralizable C (22%), and particulate organic matter (50%), but slightly increased water soluble organic C. Specific respiration activity rates increased about 14% in cultivated soils compared to natural forest soils, indicating greater C turnover per labile C pool in the form of soil microbial biomass, thus decreased biologically active soil organic matter. The highest SRAC was found in cultivated soils (24.03%) and the lowest was in natural forest soils (19.74%) (Table 4.). Keywords: forest; grassland; land; matter; microbial; organic; quality; soil; use; water
• SOIL AS A FACTOR INFLUENCING THE MANGROVE FOREST COMMUNITIES IN TALIDENDANG BESAR, RIAU by KUSMANA, CECEP (2011) - These soil characteristics appeared to be important in influencing the occurrence pattern of mangrove forest communities in Talidendang Besar. Mangrove forest community from sea edge through inland in mangrove forest area of Talidendang Besar, Riau. Keywords: area; communities; community; forest; mangrove; sexangula; soil
• DISTRIBUTION OF THE THALLOID LIVERWORT GENUS MARCHANTIA (MARCHANTIACEAE) IN NORTH SUMATRA, INDONESIA by Siregar, Etti Sartina; Pasaribu, Nursahara; Sofyan, Muhammad Zaidun (2024) - Despite the relatively abundance widespread, the presence and distribution of Marchantia species are still limited in North Sumatra. Therefore, this research aimed to conduct a comprehensive inventory of Marchantia species and map their distribution in North Sumatra. Keywords: distribution; emarginata; emarginata subsp; forest; marchantia; masl; north; soil; species; subsp; sumatra
• THE NATURAL HABITAT OF BEGONIA ON THE ISLAND OF BALI: MICROCLIMATE PREFERENCE IN TWO FOREST SITES IN BEDUGUL by Satyanti, Annisa (2013) - al. Begonia Begonia Begonia Begonia Begonia Begonia Univariate analysis Begonia hutan kontrak Begonia B. multangula B. baliensis B. longifolia B. longifolia Begonia B. multangula B. baliensis B. longifolia B. longifolia B. multangula B. baliensis B. longifolia 83 Microclimate preference and habitat of Begonia in Bedugul, Bali, – Annisa Satyanti et al. way ANOVA was planned to be employed. B. longifolia B. multangula B. baliensis B. multangula B. baliensis B. longifolia B. longifolia Begonia 88 BIOTROPIA Vol. 19 No. 2, 2012 B. multangula Begonia B.longifolia B. baliensis Begonia Begonia B. multangula B. baliensis B. longifolia B. longifolia B. longifolia hutan kontrak Begonia et al B.multangula B. longifolia B. multangula B. robusta B. longifolia B. muricata B. bracteata B.multangula B. multangula Begonia et al. Keywords: abundance; analysis; b. baliensis; b. longifolia; b. multangula; bali; begonia; begonia b.; begonia begonia; forest; habitat; species
• ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF Castanopsis tungurrut (BLUME) A. DC ALONG THE ALTITUDINAL GRADIENT IN CIBODAS BIOSPHERE RESERVE by Nurdiana, Dian Ridwan; E. Buot, Jr, Inocencio (2025) - The population structure of C. tungurrut of all locations Table 5 Distribution of C. tungurrut tree on slope category Slope (%) Number of trees Category 0 - < 8 1 Flat 8- < 15 5 Sloping 15 - < 25 7 Rather steep 25 - < 45 12 Steep > 45 13 Extremely steep Ecological patterns of Castanopsis tungurrut in Cibodas Biosphere Reserve - Nurdiana & Buot 297 Table 6 Morisita Index and distribution pattern of C. tungurrut of all locations Index Dispersion Morisita (Id) In terms of vegetation, Cisarua had the lowest diversity of tree species, with only 47 species present. Keywords: asl; blume; castanopsis; cibodas; distribution; forest; index; schima; species; tungurrut; wallichii; zone
• CONTRASTING ARBOREAL AND TERRESTRIAL BRYOPHYTES COMMUNITIES OF THE MOUNT HALIMUN SALAK NATIONAL PARK, WEST JAVA by ARIYANTI, NUNIK S.; SULISTIJORINI, SULISTIJORINI (2012) - When species richness of arboreal and terrestrial bryophyte are compared, the richness of terrestrial bryophytes is lower than that of arboreal species in all the plots. It is not in accordance with the richness of terrestrial bryophytes at the temperate spruce forest which species richness of terrestrial bryophyte exceeds those of arboreal bryophytes (Botting . 2008). Keywords: arboreal; bryophytes; forest; gradstein; liverworts; mosses; plagiochila; plot; richness; species; terrestrial
• LICHEN SPECIES DIVERSITY AS BIOINDICATOR OF AIR QUALITY IN THE GUNUNG BIBI FOREST, MOUNT MERAPI NATIONAL PARK by Nugroho, Irfan Agus; Romadhona, Ananda Briliana; Septianingtyas, Christabel Reviana; Ilma, Laila Nurul; Nugraha, Ari Satia; Pairah, Pairah; Untari, Ludmilla Fitri; Nugroho, Andhika Puspito (2025) - Given the geographical area of the forest, the most efficient method for air quality monitoring is by using lichens species diversity as bioindicator. Environmental factors affecting lichens species diversity and abundance were air temperature, humidity, light intensity, and bark type of lichen substrate. Keywords: air; area; bibi; diversity; family; foliose; forest; gunung; lichens; lichens species; merapi; mount; national; pollution; quality; research; species; station; study; thallus
• INTEGRATING TRADITIONAL ECOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE IN TELUK BINTUNI DISTRICT: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES FOR SUSTAINABLE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT by Agustinus Andyratnah Rumayomi, Nimrod; Murdjoko, Agustinus; Ungirwalu, Antoni; Mulyadi, Mulyadi; Mikael Hendrik Benu, Nithanel; Aristone Djitmau, Dony (2025) - The interview method was carried out using the guidance to collect social data, particularly with tribal leaders (7 respondents), heads of villages, and local people (30 respondents), while a Focus Group Discussion (FGD) was performed by the stakeholders like the central government (2 respondents), local government (27 respondents based on the list on Chapter III in the Regional Regulation of Teluk Bintuni District Number 7 Year 2016 on the Formation and Composition of Regional Organization in Teluk Bintuni District), Non-Governmental Organizations/NGOs (2 respondents), religion leaders (5 respondents), and representation of women (1 respondent). The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 32 No. 2, 2025: 228 - 241 DOI: 10.11598/btb.2025.32.2.2486 ISSN: 0215-6334 | e-ISSN: 1907-770X 228 HIGHLIGHTS • Traditional knowledge plays a crucial role biodiversity conservation. • In Teluk Bintuni District, local regulations support the integration of traditional knowledge, promoting collaboration for sustainable resource management. Keywords: bintuni; bintuni district; biodiversity; communities; conservation; development; district; doi; et al; forest; knowledge; management; people; programs; resources; study; tek; teluk; teluk bintuni; tribes
• ECOLOGICAL IMPACT OF Merremia peltata (L.) Merrill INVASION ON PLANT DIVERSITY AT BUKIT BARISAN SELATAN NATIONAL PARK by Master, Jani (2013) - Accordingly, the first location is referred as primary forest, the second as secondary forest and the third location as invaded forest (Fig.1). Results showed that invaded forest has lower plant diversity index (1.90) than the other two forests. Keywords: area; diversity; forest; invasion; location; mantangan; number; primary; secondary; species; trees
• MORTALITY AND INGROWTH PATTERN OF DIPTEROCARPS IN FOREST RECOVERY IN EAST KALIMANTAN by Susanty, Farida H.; Suhendang, Endang; Jaya, I Nengah Surati; Kusmana, Cecep (2015) - 2008).et al Forest biometric characteristics is among quantitative approaches to study the properties or characteristics of forest trees in size (metric) for a specific biological dimension as the user identification by ratio and interval scale (Prodan 1968). Important variables needed to build the models are mortality and ingrowth rates of forest trees. Keywords: area; density; dipterocarps; forest; ingrowth; ingrowth rates; kalimantan; logging; mortality; non; primary; rates; recovery; shorea; species; study; tree; years
• EXOTIC PLANTS OF HALIMUN SALAK CORRIDOR: MICRO-ENVIRONMENT, DETECTION AND RISK ANALYSIS OF INVASIVE PLANTS by Junaedi, Decky Indrawan; -, Dodo - (2014) - Based on the risk assessment of invasiveness and field observation conducted, some recommendations for the management of invasive exotic plant species in the Halimun-Salak corridor are: (1) management of invasive species can be done with several options, but the more immediate the implementation, the cheaper the management cost and the simpler the management methods will be, (2) eradication can be implemented to exotic plant species that have not been abundant in population but have relatively high WRAP value such as and . Recommendations for the management of invasive exotic plant species in the area are: immediate management implementation, priority of eradication to exotic plants that have not been abundant but have high risk score, two management options (gradual eradication or containment) should be considered for exotic plants with very high WRAP score, such as and . Keywords: analysis; austroeupatorium; corridor; forest; halimun; hirta; inulifolium; management; plants; risk; salak; salak corridor; species
• EFFECTIVENESS OF DUNG BEETLES AS BIOINDICATORS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES IN LAND-USE GRADIENT IN SULAWESI, INDONESIA by Saleh, Shahabuddin; Hasanah, Uswah; Elijonnahdi, Elijonnahdi (2014) - Hence, this study showed that secondary forest and agroforestry system may support a high portion of tropical dung beetles species than in the bare land and thereby in line with the findings by Nichols . Furthermore, these species are less likely to become more vulnerable than indicator species, because a variety of habitats or ecological states, rather than only a single one, provide suitable resources for them and accordingly this group of species will be useful for longer-term monitoring. Keywords: agroforestry; area; beetles; biodiversity; cacao; dung; environmental; et al; forest; habitat; indicator; land; shahabuddin; species; use
• THE EXPANSION OF Merremia peltata (L.) MERRILL IN FRAGMENTED FOREST OF BUKIT BARISAN SELATAN NATIONAL PARK ENHANCED BY ITS ECOPHYSIOLOGICAL ATTRIBUTES by Yansen, Yansen; Wiryono, Wiryono; Deselina, Deselina; Hidayat, Muhammad F.; Depari, Efratenta K. (2015) - As the expansion of this species may negatively affect the biodiversity and vegetation health, the application of appropriate ecological approaches to control the domination of in the conservation area is M. peltata necessary. The development of has dominated about M. peltata 7,000 ha of BBSNP area (Master . 2013). Keywords: area; bbsnp; canopy; forest; leaf; open; peltata; species; wood
• RESTORATION PRIORITY INDEX DEVELOPMENT OF DEGRADED TROPICAL FOREST LANDSCAPE IN BATANG TORU WATERSHED, NORTH SUMATERA INDONESIA by Samsuri, Samsuri; Jaya, I Nengah Surati; Kusmana, Cecep; Murtilaksono, Kukuh (2014) - Forest landscape restoration is aimed to restore forest landscape as close as natural ecosystem. People with high level of income disagreed and would not participate in forest landscape restoration. Keywords: analysis; area; batang; connectivity; degradation; forest; forest landscape; index; landscape; restoration; sub; toru; watershed
• DIVERSITY OF EPIPHYTIC ORCHIDS AND HOST TREES (PHOROPHYTES) IN SECONDARY FOREST OF COBAN TRISULA, MALANG REGENCY, EAST JAVA, INDONESIA by Nurfadilah, Siti (2016) - Jt = the individual number of each phorophyte species Js = number of orchid species orchidJi = number of individuals Js/Jt = the average number of epiphytic orchid species on a phorophyte species epiphytic orchid phorophyte Ji/Jt = the average number of individuals on a species 125 the orchids. Other epiphytic orchid species occurred on multiple phorophyte species; such as Appendicula angustifolia gr on four phorophyte ew species ( , Macropanax dispermus Lithocar pus sundaicus Drypetes sumatrana Castanopsis , and javanica Parapteroceras odoratissimum). was hosted by 5 in the study site i.e. phorophyte species Engelhardia spicata Ficus Syzygium , sp , sp ,. . Keywords: blume; coban; diversity; forest; number; orchids; phorophyte; species; study; trisula; zone
• ABIOTIC FACTORS INFLUENCING MANTANGAN (Merremia peltata) INVASION IN BUKIT BARISAN SELATAN NATIONAL PARK by Master, Jani; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Soekisman; Qayim, Ibnul (2016) - Analysis of Landsat and Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) images indicated that M. peltata invasion is found from south part of BIOTROPIA Vol. 23 CONCLUSIONS Abiotic factors influencing invasion M. peltata in Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park are opened forest canopy coverage and high content of Na and Mg in the soil. Keywords: canopy; clay; coverage; factors; forest; invasion; middle; peltata; soil; species
• SOIL SEED BANK OF AN EXOTIC Acacia sp. PLANTATION AND AN ADJACENT TROPICAL HEATH FOREST IN BRUNEI DARUSSALAM by Suhaili, Adrian Lee Rahman; Tennakoon, Kushan; Sukri, Rahayu Sukmaria (2016) - It is suggested that proper plantation management practices and close monitoring of soil seed banks are the best practices that could be adopted to minimize the gradual spread of invasive Acacias into tropical heath forests of Borneo. Invasive Acacias reduce species richness, diversity and composition of soil seed banks of invaded ecosystems, thus changing the vertical structure of above-ground vegetation and community composition of the invaded ecosystems (Gioria & Osborne 2010). Keywords: acacia; banks; emergence; forest; heath; heath forest; mangium; plantation; plots; seed; seedling; soil; soil seed; species
• HIGH OUTCROSSING RATE AND POLLEN DISPERSAL DISTANCE OF Diospyros celebica Bakh. (EBENACEAE), AN ENDEMIC TREE SPECIES IN SULAWESI ISLAND, INDONESIA by Restu, Muhammad; G., Gusmiaty; Larekeng, Siti Halimah (2017) - Positions of the assigned male parents relative to the female parent (PE 65) in the study site are presented in Figure 3. 177 High outcrossing rate and pollen dispersal distance of Diospyros celebica - Restu et al. Table 2 Crossing schemes and pollination types identified based on results of pollen dispersal analysis of D. celebica progeny arrays No Female parents Number of seedling Selfing rate (%) Crossing rate (%) Pollen dispersal distance for each seedlings (m) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 7 17 22 27 35 50 54 62 63 65 67 5 2 6 8 3 8 9 4 10 10 7 0 0 0 62.5 66.7 0 0 0 0 0 28.6 100 100 100 37.5 33.3 100 100 100 100 100 71.4 50; 52; 126; 50; 126 102; 152 51; 51; 51; 102; 102; 51 93; 0; 93; 0; 93; 0; 0; 0 0; 0; 166 60; 60; 64; 51; 44; 44; 51; 60 77; 77; 77; 77; 39; 21; 8; 71; 71 43; 43; 43; 107 43; 35; 66; 66; 53; 53; 66; 53; 52; 112 92; 39; 79; 79; 79; 79; 79; 92; 39; 92 0; 81; 82; 0; 134; 134; 81 178 Figure 2 Pattern of pollen movement to female parent PE63 ( ) based on parentage analysis (Note: the mark in this map indicates the positions of D. celebica male parents) Figure 3 Pattern of pollen movement to female parent PE65 ( ) based on parentage analysis (Note: the mark in this map indicates the positions of D. celebica male parents) BIOTROPIA Vol. 24 No. 3, 2017 179 High outcrossing rate and pollen dispersal distance of Diospyros celebica - Restu et al. Numbers of pollination events for each distance class are presented in Figure 4. Keywords: analysis; celebica; dispersal; distance; female; forest; individuals; outcrossing; parent; pollen; pollen dispersal; pollination; species; study; sulawesi; tree
• RECOVERY OF RESIDUAL FOREST ECOSYSTEM AS AN IMPACT OF SELECTIVE LOGGING IN SOUTH PAPUA: AN ECOLOGICAL APPROACH by Murdjoko, Agustinus; Marsono, Djoko; Sadono, Ronggo; Hadisusanto, Suwarno (2017) - Maintaining ecosystem function and services in logged tropical forests. This condition suggested that responses of logged forests were depended on ecological circumstances. Keywords: communities; community; et al; forest; logging; murdjoko; post; species; tree; tropical; understory; years
• SYSTEM DYNAMICS MODELING OF LAND USE CHANGE IN WEST KALIMANTAN, INDONESIA by Siregar, Pahrian Ganawira; Supriatna, Jatna; Koestoer, Raldi Hendro; Harmantyo, Djoko (2018) - Nonetheless, this area is still less than palm oil plantation area when consumption increased by 100% or 150%. 1. Like other parts of Kalimantan, large-scale deforestation and degradation in West Kalimantan was initially caused by the extraction of the commercially important Dipterocarp tree species for durable hardwood, but in recent years the conversion of degraded forest to monoculture plantations, such as: oil palm plantation, fiber plantation (pulp and paper) and rubber plantation, has played a greater role (Gaveau et al. 2014; Keywords: area; change; cover; development; dynamics; forest; indonesia; kalimantan; land; modeling; oil; palm; plantation; system; use; west
• STUDIES ON THE BREEDING STRUCTURE OF TREE SPECIES IN THE TROPICAL RAIN FOREST. I: FAMILY CLUMPS AND INTRAPOPULATION DIFFERENTIATION by SAKAI, KAN-ICHI (2011) - Pollen dispersal within and between subpopulations: Role of isolation and migration in microevolution of forest tree species. Speciation among tropical forest trees: some deductions in the light of recentevidence. Keywords: altingia; counts; disagreement; distance; excelsa; families; family; forest; groups; rain; species; table; trees; tropical
• MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH ON Shorea javanica by TORQUEBIAU, E.F. (2024) - One of the traditional cultivation systems in the area is shifting cultivation (ladang): rain-fed rice is grown during one or two years and then coffee, other crops, and damar trees are planted to convert the ladang into a permanent agricultural field. These localities are: — Bakauheni, at the very Southern tip of Sumatra, 10 km from Bakauheni, to the north of the trans-Sumatra road, is a small stand of fairly old, disused damar trees. Keywords: damar; forest; sumatra; trees
• DOMINANCE, ASSOCIATION AND DISTRIBUTION PATTERN OF TREE SPECIES IN BURNT FOREST IN EAST KALIMANTAN by Rahayu, Subekti (2021) - Understanding the condition of dominant species, species association between species and spatial distribution patterns is important in forest-restoration planning. Dominance, associakion and &stxibudon pattern of tree species in bum fo~est in East W a n t a n - Rahayu @ s/. Figure Mamboja Research Forest, East Kalimantan, Indonesia Source: Balitek KSDA Samboja - KHDTK Sarnboja Data Analysis Keywords: arborea; area; association; distribution; dominance; east; fire; forest; indonesia; pattern; plot; research; samboja; sample; species; tree
• ASSESSMENT OF SPOT SATELLITE DATA FOR TROPICAL VEGETATION INVENTORY AND MONITORING IN SUMATRA by Laumonier, Yves (2024) - In addition, several secondary forest types mixed with rubber trees, as well as various shrubby secondary vegetation types or low secondary forest types, usually classified as mosaics have been discriminated. Regarding the identification and classification of the humid tropical vegetation in Sumatra for environmental management purposes, SPOT has brought several advantages and encouraging application prospects: 21 BIOTROPIA No. 3, 1989/1990 — Forestry management Several forest types, especially within mangrove and swamp forest areas and also in the uplands, have been discriminated with SPOT data. Keywords: area; classes; classification; data; forest; land; laumonier; rubber; spot; swamp; trees; types; use; vegetation

• REMOVAL EFFICIENCY OF NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS AND HEAVY METALS ASSOCIATED WITH SWINE WASTEWATER USING AQUATIC MACROPHYTES by Nguyen, Chung Tan; Nguyen, Ha Van (2023) - The impacts of temperature variation on wastewater treatment in the Gaza Strip: Gaza wastewater treatment plant as case study. In the other research, Lam & Ngo (2013) pointed out that cattail species was capable of absorbing 0,17g N and 0,09g P/m2/day in wastewater treatment of intensive catfish ponds with closed recirculation, whereas absortion ability of heavy metals was 456 - 1549 mg/kg (Fe) and 1.2 to 7.6 mg/kg (Pb) (Anning et al. 2013). Keywords: concentrations; obtusifolium; pig; soil; species; treatment; wastewater
• THE ADSORPTION OF IMAZAPYR BY THREE SOIL TYPES IN INDONESIA by TJITROSEMITO, S. (2024) - Root length (mm) of rice as affected by imazapyr and washing, liming, and soil types. Effect of soil type and pH on adsorption, mobility and efficacy of imozaquin and imazethapyr, Weed Sci, 38: 67-73. Keywords: adsorption; imazapyr; rice; soil
• THE POSSIBILITY OF CONTROLLING SCLEROTIUM ROLFSII ON SOYBEAN (GLYCINE MAX) USING TRICHODERMA AND TEBUCONAZOLE*) by DHARMAPUTRA, OKKY S. (2024) - Percentage of soybean plants infected by Sclerotium rolfsii with different treatments Table 4. Soybean plants on soil inoculated with Sclerotium rolfsii, 14 DAP Figure 3. Keywords: antagonist; concentration; fungicide; soil
• SOURCES OF MYCORRHIZAL INFECTION OF SHOREA ACUMINATA SEEDLINGS UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS*) by LEE Su SEE, LEE Su SEE (2024) - One portion of the soil mixture was stored for later use while the other portion was steamed in a soil steamer for one hour 24 Sources of mycorrhizal infection of Shorea acuminata seedlings - Lee Su See on two consecutive days. In comparison, all seedlings grown in steamed soil were healthy with normal green foliage until the end of the experiment and had much more extensive but 26 Sources of mycorrhizal infection of Shorea acuminata seedlings - Lee Su See Figure 1. Keywords: infection; mycorrhizal; seedlings; soil; water
• SOIL PROPERTIES BELOW EXOTIC TREE PLANTATIONS AT THE SAITHONG SILVICULTURAL RESEARCH STATION IN PRACHUAP KHIRI KHAN PROVINCE, THAILAND by Urairak, Kanokwan; Poolsiri, Roongreang; Kaitpraneet, San (2020) - Impact of Acacia auriculiformis on the chemical fertility of sandy soils on the Bateke plateau, DR Congo. Keywords: exotic tree plantation, Saithong Silvicultural Research Station, soil properties INTRODUCTION Soil properties are important tree growth factors and as such, maintaining soil quality is paramount for tree health. Keywords: acacia; aulacocarpa; mean; nutrient; plantations; properties; soil; species; tree; urophylla
• EFFECTS OF PISOLITHUS TINCTORIUS AND LACCARIA FRATERNA ON THE GROWTH AND MYCORRfflZAL DEVELOPMENT OF PINUSPATULA SEEDLINGS*) by SUDHAKARA REDDY, M.; NATARAJAN, K. (2024) - Laccaria fraterna and P. tinctorius did not differ significantly in improving the growth and mycorrhizal development of P. patula seedlings in the nursery. Inoculation of these two fungi resulted in the production of ectomycorrhizas and increase in growth of P. patula seedlings when compared to uninoculated seedlings. Keywords: fraterna; fungi; seedlings; soil; tinctorius
• SPECIES DIVERSITY OF SOIL FUNGI FROM A CORN PLANTATION AT ECHAGUE, PHILIPPINES by Tecson, Rey Mark Gascon; Temanel, Florenda C. Ballesteros -; Jacob, James Kennard Sanz (2021) - Soil analysis conducted at Ilagan Soils Laboratory ppm for soil samples 1 and high at 289 ppm to 399 ppm for other soil samples. Soil samples from five (5) different sampling units were collected and microbiological techniques were used to isolate the fungi. Keywords: area; colony; density; diversity; frequency; fungal; fungi; population; samples; soil; species; study; study area; total
• Northern Mindanao State Institute of Science and Technology 8600 Ampayon, Butuan City, Philippines by ANINO, EMILIO .O (2024) - 3 BIOTROPIA NO. 15, 2000 RESULT AND DISCUSSION Protection on pre-emerging seedlings Table 1 shows the treatments and their effects on damping-off Table 1. BIOTROPIA NO BIOTROPIA NO. 15, 2000 : 1 – 7 CONTROL OF BAGRAS (Eucalyptus deglupta) DAMPING-OFF BY FUNGICIDES EMILIO O. ANINO Northern Mindanao State Institute of Science and Technology 8600 Ampayon, Butuan City, Philippines ABSTRACT Selected fungicides were tested to control damping-off affecting bagras seedlings in the Central Nursery of the Paper Industries Corporation of the Philippines (PICOP), Surigao del Sur, Philippines. Keywords: control; seedlings; soil
• PRESENCE OF hemA-LIKE AND hemT-LlKE GENES IN A JSUMBER OF ANOXYGENIC PHOTOSYNTHETIC BACTERIAL ISOLATES FROM INDONESIA AND SOIL SAMPLES FROM BOGOR AREA by AINI, NURUL; SUWANTO, ANTONIUS (2024) - The results implied the presence of hetnA-like gene in MB6, MB15, MB16, MB21.2 and MB55, whereas hemT-like gene was only implied in MB 15. Neither hemA-like gene nor hemT-like gene was identified in the other 15 APB isolates. Keywords: apb; dna; gene; hema; hemt; hybridization; like; presence; soil; sphaeroides
• CADMIUM, NICKEL, AND LEAD CONCENTRATION OF MUNICIPAL DUMPSITE IN WESTERN SAMAR, PHILIPPINES by BOBON-CARNICE, PEARL APHRODITE; VARONA, MARISS BOSTRILLO; AMISTOSO, JUDY-ANN LIGO (2022) - The analysis of heavy metal concentration per distance and depth around the vicinity of open landfill. In comparing heavy metals within the sampling sites and depths, only cadmium has a significant difference, while Ni and Pb have no significant difference. Keywords: cadmium; dumpsite; lead; metals; nickel; sampling; slope; soil
• CARBON SEQUESTRATION FOR AGROSILVICULTURE AGROFORESTRY PRACTICES: PRELIMINARY RESULTS FROM THREE INVESTIGATED VILLAGES IN UTTARADIT PROVINCE, NORTHERN, THAILAND by podong, chattanong; Khamfong, Krissana; Noinamsai, Supawadee; Mhon-ing, Sukanya (2024) - Although each line of trees can create a significant quantity of litterfall and root biomass, hedgerows or windbreaks may not contribute much to the buildup of soil carbon at the field level due to the comparatively small fraction of area covered by trees. Keywords: agroforestry, agrosilviculture, carbon sequestration, carbon stock, thailand INTRODUCTION Land use change is one of the most important sources of global human carbon emissions (IPCC 2014) and is intricately tied to biodiversity and the biogeochemical cycle (Romshoo 2004; Nagendra et al. 2013). Keywords: aaf; agroforestry; biomass; carbon; carbon sequestration; carbon stock; change; co2; daf; sequestration; soc; soil; stock; systems; taf; total; trees
• POTENTIAL OF CARBON SINK IN MANGROVE SUBSTRATES IN LEMBAR BAY, WEST LOMBOK, INDONESIA by Firman, Firman Ali Rahman; Lestari, Dewi Putri; Hadi, Alfian Pujian; Rizki, Anis Syakiratur; Almahyra, Aisha Zea; Alvarendra, Arsya Zafran; Cerminand, Nuzuly Ilmia; Listari, Nening; Kuswara, R. Didi; Gazali, Zulkarnain; Ekaningtias, Maya; Jannah, Siti Wardatul; Pratiwi, Baiq Yulia Hasni (2023) - This study aimed to determine the potential for soil carbon stock found under stands of mangroves in Lembar Bay, West Lombok, and West Nusa Tenggara. In general, research on carbon sinks in mangrove ecosystems is still related to the potential for carbon sinks in certain locations, and not specifically related to the potential for soil carbon stock under mangroves. Keywords: area; avicennia; bay; carbon; carbon content; carbon stock; content; et al; indonesia; lembar; lombok; mangrove; potential; soil; soil carbon; stock; tons; west
• SEEDBANK AND SEEDLING EMERGENCE CHARACTERISTICS OF WEEDS IN RICEFIELD SOILS OF THE MUDA GRANARY AREA IN NORTH-WEST PENINSULAR MALAYSIA by BEGUM, MAHFUZA; JURAIMI, ABDUL SHUKOR; BIN SYED RASTAN, SYED OMAR OMAR; AMARTALINGAM, RAJAN; MAN, AZMI BIN (2011) - Population of weed seeds in a lowland rice field. Therefore, knowledge of the dynamics of the seedbank is necessary to determine whether weed seed population has changed and the rate of change. Keywords: emergence; miliacea; seedbank; seedlings; seeds; soil; species; total; weed
• EFFECTS OF PHOSPHATE-SOLUBILIZING BACTERIA FROM PROBIOTIC AND PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZATION ON JUICE CHARACTERISTICS OF BROWN MIDRIB SORGHUM (Sorghum bicolor L. MOENCH) by Sriagtula, Riesi; Mardhiyetti, Mardhiyetti; Yanti, Gusri; Hellyward, James (2025) - The correlation coefficient analysis indicated significant positive correlations between stem diameter (r = 0.575*) and fresh stem weight (r = 0.504*) with the volume of sorghum stem juice. Latupapua et al. (2018) classified monthly rainfall between 200 mm and 500 mm as moderate to heavy, which has been associated with lower %Brix in sorghum stem juice. Keywords: bacteria; brix; content; juice; phosphate; phosphorus; psb; soil; sorghum; stem; sugar; volume
• ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI IN BISBUL TREES (Diospyros blancoi) IN BOGOR by Ningsih, Dwi Retno; Kramadibrata, Kartini; Gunawan, Agustin Wydia (2025) - The objective of this study was to observe AMF colonies and to identify AMF spores in bisbul tree rhizospheres and in pot- cultured . Nephelium lappaceum et al. Garcinia mangostana Musa paradisiaca Solanum lycopersicum Syzygium bisbul bisbul bisbul Pueraria javanica bisbul bisbul P. javanica bisbul bisbul MATERIAL AND METHODS Sampling of Roots and Soil AMF Colonies in Roots Pot Cultures Bisbul Number of fields-of-view containing mycorrhizae Total observed fields-of-view × 100% 113 Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Associated With ( ) Dwi Retno NingsihBisbul Diospyros blancoi – et al. were maintained for three months in order to produce AMF spores. Keywords: amf; bisbul; bogor; drn; size; soil; species; spores
• DIVERSITY OF ACTINOMYCETES FROM EKA KARYA BOTANICAL GARDEN, BALI by Ratnakomala, Shanti; Lisdiyanti, Puspita; Prayitno, Nita Rosalinda; Triana, Evi; Lestari, Yulin; Hastuti, Ratih Dwi; Widyastuti, Yantyati; Otoguro, Misa; Ando, Katsuhiko; Sukara, Endang (2016) - Most of soil actinomycetes Saccharothrix isolated by RC isolation method belong to zoospore bearing actinomycetes. It is diversity of actinomycetes will likely to be found in place.such Selection of proper method of isolation is crucial to obtain new actinomycetes species. Keywords: 16s; actinomycetes; botanical; dap; diversity; eka; garden; genus; id03; isolates; isolation; karya; kineosporia; method; rrna; samples; soil; species
• BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THIONIC FLUVISOL LINKED TO LAND USE TYPES IN SOUTHERN VIETNAM by Chung, Nguyen Tan; Chung, Sy Danh; Thoi, Hoang Van (2017) - Tran et al. (2011) showed concentrations of exchangeable Fe ions were seasonally fluctuated in layer O, which could reach a peak of 11,780 mg/kg at the beginning of the rainy season, but dramatically decreased to 521 mg/kg at the end of 3+the rainy season while Al concentration greatly varied among soil layers, fluctuated from 0 to 749 mg/kg in soil layer A and 104 to 1,109 mg/kg soil in soil layer Cp. 3+ 3+ 2-Contents of Al , Fe , SO and other 4 nutrients in acid sulfate soil greatly vary among soil layers and seasons (Le et al. 2000; Le 2003). Keywords: land; layer; melaleuca; p o; plantation; soil; species; types; use
• ISOLATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF MYXOBACTERIA FROM TWO OUTERMOST ISLANDS OF INDONESIA by Meliah, Siti; Lisdiyanti, Puspita (2018) - gen. nov., sp. nov., Pseudenhygromyxa salsuginis a myxobacterium isolated from an estuarine marsh. Table 3 Molecular identification of isolated myxobacteria 126 BIOTROPIA Vol. 25 No. 2, 2018 Figure 2 Phylogenetic tree constructed on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences using neighbor-joining method. Keywords: bodies; cells; fruiting; identification; inacc; indonesia; isolates; isolation; microbiol; myxobacteria; myxococcus; nov; samples; soil
• SOIL CHARACTERISTICS UNDER INTENSIFIED SHIFTING CULTIVATION FOR UPLAND RICE CULTIVATION IN UPLAND SABAL, SARAWAK, MALAYSIA by Ying, Ho Soo; Wasli, Mohd Effendi bin; Perumal, Mugunthan (2018) - Single cultivation sites were fallowed for 11 to 15 years; while multiple cultivation sites had shorter fallow period of 5 to 7 years with continuous cultivation for two cycles, thus intensified. Before burning practices, soil pH was highly acidic (ranged from 4.28 to 4.72) in single cultivation sites; while multiple cultivation sites showed less acidic nature (soil pH ranged from 4.98 to 5.23) with relatively high secondary macronutrient contents, especially soil exchangeable Mg and Ca. Keywords: burning; cultivation; cultivation sites; et al; fallow; period; practices; rice; sarawak; sites; soil; study; total; upland
• MYCORRHIZAE IN AGROFORESTRY: A CASE-STUDY by NUHAMARA, S.T. (2024) - The author suggests to construct agroforestry systems having a good combination of C3 plants like S. javanica trees and other fruit trees and C4 plants in combination with CAM plants. Chart showing the complex ecophysiological processes in plant growth and development in relation to mycorrhiza, and possible CO2 fixing ways. Keywords: agroforestry; mycorrhizal; plants; resin; roots; soil

• THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SEVERAL INDONESIAN RICE VARIETIES by Susiyanti, Susiyanti; Rusmana, Rusmana; Maryani, Yeyen; Sjaifuddin, Sjaifuddin; Krisdianto, Nanang; Syabana, Mohamad Ana (2019) - The width, length, and shape of rice grain affect the ease of the grinding BIOTROPIA Vol. 27 No. 1, 2020 44 process. Compared to rice grains with transparent endosperm, their selling point is low. Keywords: amylopectin; amylose; ash; ciherang; content; fat; fiber; food; grain; indonesian; protein; quality; rice; starch; varieties; water
• HEAVY METALS CONTAMINATION AND WATER QUALITY PARAMETER CONDITIONS IN JATILUHUR RESERVOIR, WEST JAVA, INDONESIA by Prayoga, Gatot; Utomo, Bagus Amalrullah; Effendi, Hefni (2022) - In general, water quality parameters in Jatiluhur Reservoir meet the standard for water quality. Heavy metals deposited in sediments can cause changes in water quality and transfer toxic chemicals to aquatic organisms (Permanawati et al. 2013). Keywords: area; concentration; contamination; jatiluhur; jatiluhur reservoir; limit; mercury; metal; quality; reservoir; sediment; water; water quality
• INTEGRATED USE OF NEOCHETINA BRUCHI AND ALTERNARIA EICHHORNIAE IN CONTROLLING WATER HYACINTH by S. DHARMAPUTRA, OKKY; KASNO, KASNO; SUNJAYA, SUNJAYA; PUTRJ, ASMARINA S.R.; HANDAYANI, HERI S. (2024) - Learning from other countries, water hyacinth weevils have shown a partial control only to water hyacinth. (3) The combined use of chevroned water hyacinth weevil and the water hyacinth blight produces a better suppressing on water hyacinth growth. Keywords: bruchi; concentration; damage; days; hyacinth; severity; spore; water; weevil
• HEAVY METAL BIOACCUMULATION IN DUCKS AND POSSIBLE RISKS TO HUMAN HEALTH by Susanti, R; Widiyastuti, Karima (2022) - Heavy metals in manure will contaminate the soil, then from the soil, heavy metals can be transferred to plants and animals. Our study found that drinking water provided for ducks in all farms contained heavy metals (As, Cd, Hg, and Pb) concentrations exceeding the quality standards. Keywords: baf; concentrations; drinking; duck; duck meat; feed; health; meat; metals; study; values; water
• GENETIC DIVERSITY OF AMPICILLIN-RESISTANT Vibrio ISOLATED FROM VARIOUS STAGES OF TIGER SHRIMP LARVAE DEVELOPMENT by WIDANARNI, WIDANARNI; SUWANTO, ANTONIUS (2011) - Genetic diversity of luminous Vibrio isolated from shrimp larvae Identification of Vibrio isolates were done as described by Baumann et al. (1984). Keywords: analysis; dna; isolates; larvae; post; shrimp; suwanto; vibrio; water
• INCORPORATION OF SODIUM HYALURONATE AND NYAMPLUNG (Calophylum inophyllum) CAKE EXTRACT TO IMPROVE BIOPLASTIC CHARACTERISTIC : by Umiyati, Rini; Hidayat, Chusnul ; Millati, Ria ; Teguh Ariyanto (2022) - Zone 4 representing (2% and 3%) SoHA and (1, 2, and 3%) SoHA-20% NCE bioplastic showed OH-P=O bond area, which arguably indicated cross-linking activity through transformation of starch granule by bifunctional or multifunctional reagents which were able to form ether or ester bond with hydroxyl group of starch (Gui-jie et al. 2006). The analysis results showed that (1, 2 and 3%) SoHA-20% NCE bioplastic was more sensitive against S. aureus than E. coli or A. niger (Table 2). Keywords: addition; agent; bioplastic; combination; control; cross; hps; linking; nce; properties; soha; soha-20; starch; water; wvp
• ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF BELIK RIVER HYDRAULIC CHARACTERISTICS ON PERIPHYTON COMMUNITY AS WATER QUALITY BIOINDICATOR by Wahyu Sartika, Heni; Hadisusanto, Suwarno; Sulaiman, Muhammad (2023) - Human activities, especially household activities in the upper reaches of the Belik River, greatly affect the quality of river water. This study aimed to identify water quality and the ecological effects of channel modifications based on the presence of periphyton communities as water quality bioindicators. Keywords: analysis; belik; br1; br2; br3; br4; characteristics; hydraulic; january; march; nitzschia; periphyton; quality; river; sampling; species; water
• INDUCTION OF SPAWNING IN THE TROPICAL WALKING CATFISH (Clarias batrachus) BY CONTROLLING WATER LEVEL AND TEMPERATURE by JR., M. ZAIRIN; FURUKAWA, K.; AiDA, K. (2011) - Increasing water level only, failed to induce spawning. A high spawning rate was obtained also when changes in water level were carried out under high temperature of 28 °C. Keywords: fish; level; spawning; temperature; treatment; water
• NEUSTON DIVERSITY AND DENSITY AS BIOINDICATOR FOR WATER QUALITY by Nurza, Imam Safir Alwan; Vania, Jesslyn Gitta; Reynaldi, Muhammad Khatami; Rasyid, Zaki Gunawan; Komala, Ratna (2022) - The low dissolved oxygen level shown in the lake of Situ Gunung indicated that the pollution level was low enabling neuston organisms such as water insects to obtain the needed oxygen for the respiration process. Aquatic insect fauna and diversity in urban fresh water lakes of Tripura, Northeast India. Keywords: air; diversity; et al; gerris; gunung; index; lacustris; lake; neuston; oxygen; quality; situ; species; station; value; water; waterfall
• MACROZOOBENTHIC COMMUNITY STRUCTURES IN SEAWEED CULTURE PONDS IN MUARA GEMBONG ESTUARY, BEKASI , WEST JAVA PROVINCE, INDONESIA by Indarjani, Raden; Siti Nurhayati (2022) - The study of macrozoobenthic community inhabiting seaweed culture ponds in Muara Gembong Estuary showed that the macrozoobenthic community structure was characterized with low diversity, low evenness and high dominance indices, which indicated that the environmental condition was unstable and the macrozoobenthic community structure was dominated by certain taxa. Macrozoobenthic community structures in seaweed culture pond at Muara Gembong Estuary – Indarjani and Nurhayati 137 were washed through a 0.5 mm mesh sieve. Keywords: community; culture; gembong; index; macrozoobenthic; mangrove; muara; organisms; pond; seaweed; structure; study; taxa; water
• ESTABLISHMENT OF NEOCHETINA SPP.: THEIR PATTERN OF LOCAL DISPERSAL AND AGE STRUCTURE AT THE RELEASE SITE by WIDAYANTI, SRI; KASNO, KASNO; S.R., ASMARINA; SUNJAYA, SUNJAYA (2011) - Average number of pupal and adults stages of water hyacinth weevils and damage severity under simulation to test the role of predators in inhibiting the population increase 24 BIOTROPIA NO. 17, 2001 Table 1 indicates that the number of both pupae and adult weevils under screen cages equipped with screen net on its base after two and three and a half months were higher than the cages without screen net on the base. BIOTROP initiated researches on biological control of water hyacinth by conducting a seminar on Aquatic Weed Management in 1974 followed by introducing water hyacinth weevil, Neochetina eichhorniae Warner (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) from Florida in 1975. Keywords: control; eichhorniae; hyacinth; lake; neochetina; release; water; weevils
• ADHERENCE AND PATHOGENICITY ASSAY OF VIBRIO HARVEYI IN TIGER SHRIMP (PENAEUS MONODON) LARVAE FOR SCREENING BIOCONTROL AGENT by SUWANTO, ANTONIUS; HALA, YUSMINAH; AFFANDI, RIDWAN; Jr., MUHAMMAD ZAIRIN (2011) - 39 Adherence and pathogenecity assay of Vibrio harveyi - Yusminah Hala et al. Growth Pattern and Survival Assay Vibrio harveyi Rf was inoculated into 100 ml SYE media and incubated at 28°C. Keywords: harveyi; larvae; mortality; shrimp; vibrio; water; ya32.2
• BIODIVERSITY OF CELLULOLYTIC BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM FERMETODEGE FOR RUMINANTS by Isnawati, Isnawati; Lisdiana, Lisa; Asri, Mahanani Tri; Trimulyono, Guntur (2024) - Data Analysis Diversity, Evenness, and Dominance of Cellulolytic Bacteria Species Based on a study of the microbial communities’ succession (Liu et al. 2015) and fish population (Hanif et al. 2015), bacteria diversity was determined by using the Shannon-Wiener diversity, evenness, and Simpson dominance indices. The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 31 No. 2, 2024: 192 - 201 DOI: 10.11598/btb.2024.31.2.1904 ISSN: 0215-6334 | e-ISSN: 1907-770X 192 BIODIVERSITY OF CELLULOLYTIC BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM FERMETODEGE FOR RUMINANT Isnawati*, Lisa Lisdiana, Mahanani Tri Asri, Guntur Trimulyono Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Kampus Unesa Ketintang, Surabaya 60231, Indonesia ARTICLE HIGLIGHTS • Fermetodege as a source of cellulolytic bacteria that degrade cellulosic materials. • Keywords: bacillus; bacteria; diversity; doi; dominance; et al; evenness; feed; fermentation; fermetodege; hyacinth; process; species; temperature; water
• ANTIOXIDANT METABOLISM IN WATER STRESSED PEANUT TREATED WITH DINICONAZOLE by RIVERO, G C (2011) - SUMMARY Total glutathione levels increased in stressed peanut plants treated with diniconazole and could be a factor in drought resistance. Total glutathione in DINI treated stressed plants increased by 13 and 31% over control and water stressed plants, respectively. Keywords: dini; glutathione; plants; tocopherol; water
• ANTIBACTERIAL AND DIASTASE ENZYME ACTIVITIES OF HONEY Apis mellifera FROM INDONESIA by Rosyidah, Rara Annisaur; Hasan, Akhmad Endang Zainal; Andrianto, Dimas (2024) - According to the Indonesian National Standard (2018), the quality requirements for the value of honey diastase activity are more than 3 DN. May 2023 ABSTRACT The quality of monofloral honey from Apis mellifera as an antibacterial can be influenced by the activity of the diastase enzyme and the secondary metabolites from the nectar source. Keywords: acacia; activity; antibacterial; ceiba; coffea; content; diastase; enzyme; hevea; honey; lappaceum; nephelium; pentandra; robusta; water
• OPTIMIZATION OF CELLULASE PRODUCTION WITH PENICILLIUM NALGIOVENSE Sll GROWN ON PRETREATED WHEAT POLLARD by PURWADARIA, TRESNAWATI; KUMALASARI, AGNES T.; TUTIHARYATI; KETAREN, PIUS P.; SINURAT1, ARNOLD P. (2011) - The activities of carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase) and filter paperase (FPase) in hydrolyzing the backbone of amorphous and crystalline cellulose, as well as p-glucosidase that cleaves the cellooligomers into glucose were determined as parameters for enzyme production. Milling increased the ratio of surface area to volume resulting to better mold growth and enzyme production. Keywords: activities; cmcase; enzyme; fpase; naoh; pollard; production; substrate; water
• CURRENT MICROBIOLOGICAL ASPECTS IN HIGH MOUNTAIN LAKE RESEARCH by YUHANA, MUNTI; HANSELMANN, KURT (2011) - 21 Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland ABSTRACT Remote and normally unpolluted high mountain lakes provide habitats with no or very limited anthropogenic influences and, therefore, their hydrodynamics are mostly regulated by the natural conditions. Researches in high mountain lakes deal with measuring and modeling the response of the habitats to environmental changes especially correlated to acid deposition, pollutants influx and climatic variability. Keywords: community; conditions; et al; habitats; lake; microbiol; microorganisms; mountain; psenner; water
• The POTENTIAL OF Syzigium aromaticum L. TO CONTROL LEAF SPOT DISEASE (Cercospora capsici) IN CAYENNE PEPPER (Capsicum frutescens L.) by Muliani, Yenny; Susanto, Dwi; Adviany, Ida; Nursinta, Neng Tita; Ustari, Debby (2025) - Disease Intensity Observations of leaf spot disease intensity on cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) were conducted before and after biopesticide application at weekly intervals. • Field trials assessed its potential to reduce leaf spot disease in cayenne pepper. Keywords: capsici; cayenne; clove; disease; extract; intensity; leaf; leaves; pepper; spot; treatments; water
• ANTIMALARIAL MEDICINAL PLANTS USED BY TRADITIONAL HEALERS IN BENGKULU PROVINCE OF INDONESIA by Susanti, Dian; Putra, Aditya Dwi Permana; Safrina, Devi; Wijaya, Nur Rahmawati; Adi, M Bakti Samsu; Mujahid, Rohmat; Rukmana, Rizal Maarif; Subositi, Dyah; Haryanti, Sari; Siswanto, Usman; Widiyastuti, Yuli (2024) - In regard to the use of medicinal plants for treating malaria, each traditional healer has different ingredients and methods compared to Antimalarial medicinal plants used by traditional healers - Susanti et al. 411 other ethnic groups. Medicinal plants in Bengkulu Province needs to be studied in terms of the utilization of medicinal plants for health care, especially in treating malaria in the community. Keywords: 2020; activity; antimalarial; bengkulu; canescens; crispa; day; days; doi; et al; extract; groups; healers; health; indonesia; kesehatan; knowledge; leaves; medication; medicine; muko; papaya; pasemah; plants; plasmodium; potential; province; research; respondents; species; study; times; treatment; use; value; water
• EXISTING CONDITION OF GASTROPODS COMMUNITY IN COASTAL AREAS AFFECTED BY NICKEL OVERBURDEN IN POMALAA DISTRICT, SOUTHEAST SULAWESI PROVINCE, INDONESIA by Purnama, Muhammad; Prayitno, Slamet Budi; Muskananfola, Max Rudolf; Suryanti, Suryanti (2025) - The condition of gastropods communities in waters is greatly influenced by the quality of their living environment, especially those originating from anthropogenic activities. One of the impacts of nickel mining that has been going on continuously for a long time is the input of nickel overburden into the waters which covers the benthic zone causing the loss of gastropods community and other benthic organisms (Timm et al. 2001; Chakrabarty & Das 2006). Keywords: area; beach; community; content; density; diversity; doi; et al; gastropods; gastropods community; gastropods species; habitat; index; mangrove; mining; nickel; number; overburden; pomalaa; reference; reference site; research; site; species; structure; substrate; water
• EVALUATING HABITAT SUITABILITY AND ECOTOURISM POTENTIAL OF MANGROVE ECOSYSTEMS PROGO RIVER YOGYAKARTA by Poedjirahajoe, Erny; Pahlevi, Muhammad Reza; Wardhani, Frita Kusuma; Satria, Ryan Adi; Saputra, Dimas Cahya Kurnia (2025) - Mangrove ecosystem degradation causes significant issues, such as: 1) rapid degradation of mangroves, which accelerates the loss of mangrove islands and coastal areas (Sahu et al. 2015); 2) a decrease in the diversity of flora and fauna that are specific to mangrove forests (Polidoro et al. 2010); 3) increased seawater intrusion, as the mangrove ecosystem, which serves as a buffer zone, becomes less effective due to destruction, which can https://doi.org/10.11598/btb.2024.31.2.1741 Evaluating habitat suitability and ecotourism potential of mangrove ecosystems - Poedjirahajoe et al. 101 lead to environmental problems, such as flooding, erosion, and salt intrusion (Hilmi et al. 2017; Field 2004); 4) coastal abrasion, particularly affecting communities along beaches facing straits and the sea (Whidayanti et al. 2021); and 5) increased flooding risks. Maintaining mangrove ecosystems can significantly reduce water flow velocity by 29 - 92% and modestly decrease wave height by 4 - 16.5 cm during cyclones, offering protection from flooding in coastal areas (Dasgupta et al. 2019). Keywords: area; doi; ecosystems; ecotourism; et al; figure; habitat; mangrove; mud; observation; potential; progo; river; salinity; spot; suitability; temperature; thickness; water
• ICHTYOFAUNA AT CIJALU RIVER, CILACAP REGENCY, CENTRAL JAVA PROVINCE, INDONESIA by Nuryanto, Agus; Bhagawati, Dian; Abulias, M Nadjmi; Indarmawan, Indarmawan (2016) - This condition lead to a prediction that the river has altered its physico-chemical s been on characteristics inhabited by variety of fish species. Species diversity was . measured as the number of species, while distribution was measured as the presentation of fish species in each site . Keywords: 2004; biodiversity; cijalu; cijalu river; distribution; diversity; ecosystem; et al; fish; freshwater; high; indonesia; number; nuryanto; reported; river; sampling; species; studies; study; velocity; water
• PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY OF JAKARTA BAY IN A CHANGING ENVIRONMENT: CLIMATE CHANGE AND ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACTS by Siregar, Vincentius; Koropitan, Alan F. (2025) - Sampling stations and its clustering in Jakarta Bay RESULTS AND DISCUSSION General Condition of Jakarta Bay Water Jakarta Bay receives material and water discharges from several rivers that cover JAM and its surrounding area, such as Cisadane in the western part and Citarum in the eastern part. The total suspended sediment concentration (TSS) extracted from satellite data during 2002-2011 in Jakarta Bay waters increased and showed higher concentration in the mouth of rivers (Cluster 1-2). Keywords: anthropogenic; bay; change; climate; cluster; figure; jakarta; jakarta bay; land; production; productivity; temperature; water
• THE MINIMUM NUMBER OF VALVES FOR DIATOMS IDENTIFICATION IN RAWAPENING LAKE, CENTRAL JAVA by Soeprobowati, Tri Retnaningsih; Tandjung, S. Djalal; Sutikno, Sutikno; Hadisusanto, Suwarno; Gell, Peter (2017) - Therefore, the minimum number of diatom valves identified to represent the assemblage for paleolimnological analysis was 300. .3 2 486 * Corresponding author: trsoeprobowati@live.undip.ac.id 96 The analysis of diatoms consists of three steps, i.e. digestion to separate diatom valves from the sediment; sample mounting-slide preparation; and identification-enumeration. Keywords: analysis; count; diatom; efficiency; lake; minimum; number; rawapening; site; soeprobowati; species; valves; water
• POTENTIAL OF MANGROVE SEEDLINGS FOR UTILIZATION IN THE MAINTENANCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY WITHIN SILVOFISHERY PONDS by Hastuti, Endah Dwi; Budihastuti, Rini (2016) - Mangrove seedlings can be used as environmental quality control within silvofishery ponds to maintain optimal conditions for fish growth. The range of parameter value varied among periods.s observation Height and diameter measurements on mangrove seedling stands also showed variations among the 3 observation periods. Keywords: height; mangrove; marina; mucronata; quality; sediment; silvofishery; water
• LIPID PRODUCING MICROALGAE FROM SEVERAL ECOSYSTEMS IN WEST AND CENTRAL JAVA, INDONESIA by SANTOSA, DWI ANDREAS; SULASTRI (2024) - Samples and sampling locations Code of Samples Sampling locations Characteristic CP7041-CP7050 Ciputri, Pacet, Cianjur, West Java Water from paddy fields and ponds SK7051-SK7055 Sukamantri, Karangtengah, West Java Water from paddy fields CB7056-CB7060 Ciburung, Padalarang, West Java Water from dam TP7061-TP7080 Tangkuban Perahu Mountain, West Java Water from crater, hot-sulfuric water JL7081-JL7085 Jaya Giri, Lembang, West Java Water from fishponds PT7086-PT7090 Highway Kopo, West Java Water from paddy fields CG7091-CG7095 Limbangan street, Garut, West Java Water from paddy fields CT7095-CT7100 Ciawi, Tasik, West Java Water from paddy fields BE7101-BE7110 Bojongsari, Cijenjing, Ciamis, West Java Water from fishponds MH7111-MH7120 Kota Banjar, West Java Water from river PD7121-PD7130 Panulisan, Dayeuh Harja, Cilacap, Central Java Water from paddy fields CR7131-CR7140 Ciraja, Kt Pucung, Cilacap, Central Java Water from paddy fields JL7141-JL7145 Jatilawang, Banyumas, Central Java Water from paddy fields KJ7146-KJ7155 Kr.anyar, Jatilawang, Banyumas, Central Java Water from paddy fields TB7156-TB7165 Purwodadi, Tambak, Banyumas, Central Java Water from paddy fields SMP7166-SMP7190 Waduk Sempor, Kebumen, Central Java Water from agricultural dam PK7191-PK7195 Pekunden, Kota Winangun, Kebumen, Central Java Water from paddy fields PR7196-PR7200 Purworejo, DIY Water from paddy fields TPK7201-TPK7205 Taji, Prambanan, DIY Water from paddy fields MC7210-MC7225 Metese, Ceper, Klaten, DIY Water from paddy fields 101 Lipid producing Microalgae from several ecosystem - Code of Samples Sampling locations Characteristic PW7226-PW7235 Pakis, Wadung Getas, Delanggu, Klaten, DIY Water from paddy fields SG7236-SG7245 Siwali, Gondangrejo, Central Java Water from paddy fields LS7246-LS7255 Ngadul, Sumbu Lawang, Sragen, Central Java Water from paddy fields KO7256-KO7275 Waduk Kedung Ombo, Purwodadi, Central Java Water from agricultural dam MT7276-MT7280 Mayahan, Tawangharjo, Purwodadi, Central Java Water from paddy fields BK7281-BK7295 Bledug Kuwu, Grobogan, Central Java Water from crater KS7296-KS7300 Kuwu, Grobogan, Central Java Water from paddy fields TB7301-TB7310 Tambaksari, Blora, Central Java Water from paddy fields KSR7311-KSR7315 Kemadu, Sulang, Rembang, Central Java Water from paddy fields BKR7316-BKR7340 Banyudono, Kaliori, Rembang, Central Java Water from fishponds, salt producing ponds KPR7341-KPR7350 Keywords: central; fields; java; lipid; microalgae; paddy; samples; water; west
• DYNAMICS OF MICROBIAL COMMUNITY DURING TEMPEH FERMENTATION by Suwanto, Antonius (2021) - The shifting of bacteria community also happened to food- based fermented product, such as &chi (Park e t al. 201 2) and dongchimi (Jeong e t al. 201 3), and now in the soybean soaking process in tempeh production. The PCR products (about 1,500 bp) were purified by Dynamics of microbial community during tempeh fermentation - Radita e t al. using Illustra GFX PCR DNA and gel band 5 min. Sequencing of the PCR products was purification kit (GE healthcare, UI<). Keywords: 16s; acid; analysis; bacteria; community; fermentation; rrna; samples; soybean; t al; tempeh; water
• REMOVAL AND LEACHING OF NUTRIENTS BY SALVIN1A MOLESTA MITCHEL AND EICHHORNIA CRASSIPES (MART.) SOLMS by WEE, Y.C. (2024) - INTRODUCTION Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth) and Salvinia molesta (water spangle) are two of the most troublesome water weeds of Southeast Asia. The fresh weight of water hyacinth used here was 612 g while that of water spangle was 555 g. Leaching experiments were done by leaving 100 g fresh weight each of water hyacinth and water spangle in basins to rot. Keywords: hyacinth; plants; removal; spangle; water

• DISTRIBUTION PATTERN AND DIVERSITY OF EPIPHYTIC ORCHIDS IN THE CURUG CIBEREUM PATH, MOUNT GEDE PANGRANGO, INDONESIA by Bela Prapitasari; Ardyan Pramudya Kurniawan (2022) - Species diversity (H') of epiphytic orchids in the Curug Cibereum path is moderate with abundant epiphytic orchid species so that the distribution of orchid species in the location is evenly distributed with the stable numbers of individual orchids. Comparing our results with the research of Prapitasari et al. (2020) regarding the types of orchids found in the Selabintana area (both on the Curug Cibereum path and the hiking trail), there was an increase in the number of epiphytic orchid species in the Curug Cibereum path from this study, which was 13 species. Keywords: area; cibereum; clumped; curug; distribution; diversity; index; orchids; path; species; value
• COMPOSITION, STRUCTURE, AND CARBON SEQUESTRATION OF DIFFERENT RAINFOREST ECOSYSTEMS IN THE GUNUNG GEDE PANGRANGO NATIONAL PARK, INDONESIA by Sunyata, Agus; Rakhmi Zulhida, Isna; Triwahyuningsih, Nike; Raharja, Kanda (2024) - Table 2 Vegetation densities in two forest ecosystems in the GGPNP Growth level Vegetation Density (individuals/ha) Lowland rainforest ecosystem Montane rainforest ecosystem Seedling 4,777 14,530 Sapling 945 2,239 Pole 279 645 Tree 60 130 Composition, Structure, and Carbon Stock of The Gunung Gede Pangrango National Parks – Sunyata et al. 209 Overall, the results of this study showed that the larger the tree diameter, the smaller the number of individual trees (Fig. 4). Sadili et al. (2023) found this exotic species the most abundant in the GGPNP lowland forest ecosystem. Keywords: area; carbon; doi; ecosystem; et al; ggpnp; gunung; index; internet; lowland; lowland rainforest; montane; montane rainforest; national; pangrango; park; rainforest; rainforest ecosystem; species; tree
• Existing Conditions of Gastropod Communities in Areas Affected by Nickel Mining Overburden in the Mangrove Ecosystem of Dawi-Dawi, Southeast Sulawesi by Fajar Purnama, Muhammad; Prayitno, Slamet Budi; Muskananfola, Max Rudolf; Suryanti, Suryanti (2024) - Therefore, research regarding the existing conditions of gastropod communities in mangrove ecosystems affected by overburden is very important, considering that scientific information regarding gastropod taxa that can survive in environments exposed to overburden waste is not yet available. Research stations were spread across mangrove areas exposed to overburden, consisting of 5 sampling points with 3 substations at each station. Keywords: area; community; dawi; diversity; ecosystem; gastropod; index; mangrove; mangrove ecosystem; overburden; research; species; structure; waste
• ECOLOGICAL INDICES OF MANGROVE GASTROPODS COMMUNITY IN NICKEL MINING IMPACTED AREA OF POMALAA, SOUTHEAST SULAWESI by Purnama, Muhammad; Budi Prayitno, Slamet; Rudolf Muskananfola, Max; Suryanti, Suryanti (2024) - The condition of gastropods in mangrove area of Tambea Village is very different from that in other mangrove areas in Indonesia, which are not affected by overburden waste. The structure of gastropod community in mangrove area affected by overburden waste showed low diversity index values (H’ = 0.81), low species richness (R = 1.75), moderate evenness (E = 0.50), and dominance of certain species (C = 0.54). Keywords: area; community; diversity; ecosystem; gastropod; index; mangrove; mining; nickel; number; overburden; research; species; tambea; village; waste
• TREE SPECIES DIVERSITY AND MANAGEMENT IN AGROFORESTRY POHPOHAN (Pilea melastomoides): THE CASE IN THE TRADITIONAL ZONE OF GUNUNG HALIMUN SALAK NATIONAL PARK, INDONESIA by Permatasari, Adisti; Ananda Mosa, Sheikha; Winata, Bayu; Rusniarsyah, Lufthi; Peniwidiyanti, Peniwidiyanti; Izzbilhaq, Izzbilhaq (2024) - Therefore, it is important to understand the relation between tree species diversity and general biodiversity. Additionally, there is a limited database of plant species diversity in the traditional zones, particularly in the Pohpohan agroforestry system, which is dynamic and needs further research. Keywords: agroforestry; area; community; diversity; ghsnp; gunung; halimun; index; ivi; management; national; park; pohpohan; salak; species; tree; value
• SPATIAL PATTERN IN BETA DIVERSITY OF ECHINOIDEA AND ASTEROIDEA COMMUNITIES FROM THE COASTAL AREA OF TOMIA ISLAND, WAKATOBI MARINE NATIONAL PARK, SOUTHEAST SULAWESI, INDONESIA by Analuddin, Kangkuso; Nasaruddin, Nasaruddin; Septiana, Andi; Sarliyana, Wa Ode; Nurlyati, Agus; Masa, Wa; Rahim, Saban (2015) - 0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100 Open beach Interval ordination 0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100 Protected beach Interval ordination Figure 7 Relationshiop between tion and d y index of community at open beach (upper) . The spatial patterns of was described beta diversity on these taxa were elucidated in relation to environmental condition open and s at protected beaches and distance from the beach. Keywords: area; beach; beaches; coastal; diversity; island; marine; national; open; park; similarity; sites; species; tomia; wakatobi

• ETHNOBOTANICAL STUDY OF DIGESTIVE SYSTEMS DISORDERS IN BADUY ETHNIC, INDONESIA by Khastini, Rida Oktorida; Wahyuni, Indria; Saraswati, Irma (2021) - Quantitative analysis was performed to authenticate and project the relative importance of medicinal plant species in their traditional use. The Baduy population lives along water-rich areas, yet their lack of sanitation facilities and unawareness of disease prevention methods have resulted in high morbidity and mortality rates in their communities, largely due to digestive system disorders that they continue to treat with medicinal plants. Keywords: ache; baduy; communities; decoction; disorders; indonesia; leaf; people; plants; species; stomach; study; system; ulcer; use; uses
• GENETIC VARIATION OF TEAK MISTLETOE (Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq.) BASED ON RANDOM AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA (RAPD) MARKERS by Muttaqin, Zainal; Budi, Sri Wilarso; Wasis, Basuki; Siregar, Iskandar Zulkarnaen; Corryanti, Corryanti (2020) - Table 4 Genetic variation using RAPD analysis of mistletoe Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq. Hence, the purpose of this study is to analyze the level of genetic variation of teak mistletoe ( Dendrophthoe pentandra ) using RAPD marker. Keywords: crown; host; indonesia; layers; mistletoe; pentandra; rapd; study; teak; upper; variation
• BEARDLESS BARB Cyclocheilichthys apogon (VALENCIENNES, 1842) (CYPRINIFORMES: CYPRINIDAE) IN MADURA ISLAND, INDONESIA by Hasan, Veryl; Soemarno, Soemarno; Widodo, Maheno Sri; Wiadnya, Dewa Gede Raka (2021) - As reported in this paper, C. apogon was recently sighted in Lembung River, Madura Island, thereby widening the previously known distribution range of this species. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nineteen (19) live specimens of C. apogon were obtained from local fishermen during a fieldwork carried out on 22 - 23 March 2019 in Lembung River (7O02'21 S, 113°46'35 E) (Fig. 1). Keywords: apogon; indonesia; island; java; madura; river
• THE RANGE EXPANSION OF Parachromis managuensis (GÜNTHER, 1867) (PERCIFORMES, 4 CICHLIDAE) IN JAVA, INDONESIA by Hasan, Veryl; Faqih, Abdul Rahem; Maftuch, Maftuch (2020) - The collecting point of Parachromis managuensis at the Karangkates Reservoir in East Java Province Fish Identification The morphological characters of the fish specimens were determined by using the methods employed by Kullander and Hartel (1997) and Bussing (1998). BIOTROPIA Vol. 29 No. 1, 2022 92 Figure 2 Specimen of Parachromis managuensis captured on 8 January 2019 in Karangkates Reservoir, East Java Province Distribution The discovery of P. managuensis in Karangkates Reservoir is the first record of this species in East Java Province. Keywords: east; fish; indonesia; java; managuensis; parachromis; province; reservoir
• ETHNOBOTANICAL STUDY OF MEDICINAL PLANT USAGE DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A COMMUNITY-BASED SURVEY IN INDONESIA by Nayaka, Ni Made Dwi Mara Widyani; Yuda, Putu Era Sandhi Kusuma; Sanjaya, Dwi Arymbhi; Ernawati, Desak Ketut; Cahyaningsih, Erna; Dewi, Ni Luh Kade Arman Anita; Sasadara, Maria Malida Vernandes (2023) - The study aimed to discover and record species, methods of preparation, route of administration, and motivation in using medicinal plants by the Indonesian population during the COVID-19 pandemic. The usage of medicinal plants as a prophylaxis measure against COVID-19 was also recommended by Ayurveda and Traditional Chinese Medicine (Boozari & Hosseinzadeh 2020; Khanal et al. 2020; Vellingiri et al. 2020). Keywords: boil; covid-19; et al; galanga; immune; indonesia; infusion; java; leaves; med; pandemic; plants; respondents; studies; study; table
• MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF Aspergillus flavus TOXIGENICITY IN AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES IN INDONESIA by ANIDAH, ANIDAH; RAHAYU, WINIATI P.; NURJANAH, SITI; RETNOWATI, INA (2023) - The characterization of deletion patterns within all the aflatoxin biosynthetic gene clusters has been elucidated in non-toxigenic isolates to find and assess the biocontrol agent candidate (Rao et al. 2020; Wei et al. 2014; Meanwhile, non-toxigenic isolates showed one to 26 gene deletions. Keywords: aflatoxin; aspergillus; deletion; et al; flavus; food; genes; indonesia; isolates; pcr
• HOW CAN THE WORLD OVERLOOK Sapindus rarak BIOPROSPECTION? A NICHE FOR INDONESIA by Risha Amilia Pratiwi; Zuhri, Musyarofah; Oktaviani, Indah (2024) - This study aims to determine the trends in S. rarak research through a dual approach: bibliometrics and scoping review. – Risha Amilia Pratiwi et al. 17 As shown in Table 4, S. rarak research focuses on its potential as livestock supplementation (12 documents), alongside applications as molluscicide, herbicide, antimicrobial, antitumor, anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory agents, nanoparticle, soil remediation, surfactant, catalyst, and sweetener. Keywords: 2022; activity; analysis; animal; bibliometrics; bioprospection; et al; extract; fruit; indonesia; journal; leaves; publications; rarak; research; review; s. rarak; sapindus; sapindus rarak; saponin; scoping; scopus; university; wina
• FURTHER STUDY ON TWO SPECIES OF LOACH FISHES (Cypriniformes: Nemacheilidae: Nemacheilus) BASED ON MORPHOLOGY AND MOLECULAR DATA by Rahayu, Dwi Anggorowati; Kuntjoro, Sunu; Budijastuti, Widowati; Winarsih, Winarsih; Ambarwati, Reni; Nugroho, Endik Deni; Basith, Abdul; Kurniawan, Nia; Haryono, Haryono (2023) - Table 1: Morphometric data (mm) and Kruskal-Wallis’s test (H) on two species of Nemacheilus fishes. The phylogenetic trees showed that N. fasciatus and N. chrysolaimos species formed distinct monophyletic branches. Keywords: base; blitar; caudal; chrysolaimos; coi; dna; dorsal; east; et al; fasciatus; fin; fishes; indonesia; java; kottelat; length; nemacheilus; sequence; species; spp
• DIVERSITY OF ECTOPARASITES ON BATS IN DRAMAGA, BOGOR, INDONESIA by Kedang, Virgilius Martin Kelake; Simangunsong, Yanri Rizky Natanael; Soviana, Susi; Hadi, Upik Kesumawati; Supriyono (2023) - Bats species with the highest prevalence of infestation were Rousettus leschenaultii and Myotis muricola. Intensity of ectoparasites based on bats species and sex Bats Species Infested Bats/Captured Bats Total Ectoparasites Intensity of Ectoparasites Male Female Male Female Male Female Cynopterus brachyotis 10/19 1/1 20 2 2.0 2.0 Cynopterus sphinx 1/3 1/2 3 1 3.0 1.0 Cynopterus titthaecheilus 4/6 2/5 5 2 1.25 1.0 Rousettus leschenaultii 2/3 2/2 8 24 4.0 12.0 Myotis muricola 4/5 0/0 27 0 6.75 0 Keywords: bats; bogor; cynopterus; diversity; dramaga; ectoparasites; et al; flies; indonesia; infestation; myotis; rousettus; species; spp; study
• FISHERIES ASSOCIATED WITH MANGROVE ECOSYSTEM IN INDONESIA: A View from a Mangrove Ecologist by SUKARDJO, SUKRISTIJONO (2011) - The life cycles, reproduction cycle, food habits and growth rates of mangrove species are poorly known and have only recently been the object of attention in relation to the mangrove ecosystem. E-mail: s_sukardjo@telkom. net and s_sukardjo@yahoo. com ABSTRACT Blessed with mangrove area of some 9.6 million ha in extent, Indonesia represents an important country with fishery resources being a source of food and nutrients. Keywords: areas; coastal; ecosystem; estuaries; estuarine; fish; fisheries; fishery; fishes; food; forests; habitat; indonesia; juvenile; mangrove; mangrove ecosystem; mangrove forests; marine; nursery; production; sea; shrimp; species; sukardjo; table; waters
• TICK-BORNE PATHOGENS DETECTION FROM TICKS INFESTING Malayopython reticulatus (REPTILIA: PYTHONIDAE) SNAKES IN INDONESIA by Supriyono, Supriyono; Sophia, Hana Faizah; Hadi, Upik Kesumawati; Soviana, Susi (2025) - Rickettsia sp. RT2, closely related to R. tamurae, was detected in A. varanense ticks infesting an Asian water monitor (V. salvator) in Indonesia (Supriyono et al. 2019). and Borrelia sp. in Amblyomma helvolum and Amblyomma varanense ticks fed on Malayopython reticulatus and Python bivittatus snakes in Indonesia. Keywords: amblyomma; borrelia; doi; indonesia; rickettsia; snakes; spp; ticks
• RECENT COLLECTION OF THE POISONOUS MUSHROOM, Clarkeinda trachodes (Berk.) FOR INDONESIA by Permana Putra, Ivan ; Nurhayat, Oktan Dwi; Mahardika, Wahyu AJi; Sari, Okta Yulia (2024) - The Index Fungorum (2023) records 14 species of Clarkeinda, including C. caparidensis, C. cellaris, C. Coprinus, C. gennadi, C. pedilia, C. pequinii, C. pervolvata, C. plana, C. poderes, C. rubrics, and C. trachodes. During regular mushroom foraging in the forest of IPB University campus, Indonesia, the basidiomata of C. trachodes were encountered. Keywords: berk; bo24637; brown; clarkeinda; indonesia; pileus; species; specimen; trachodes
• A NEW RECORD OF THE CREEPING CUCUMBER, Melothria pendula L. (Cucurbitaceae) FROM HALMAHERA, NORTH MALUKU, INDONESIA by Arifiani, Deby; Sulistyaningsih, Lulut Dwi; Rugayah, Rugayah; Sahroni, Deni (2024) - Melothria pendula L. Melothria pringlei (S. Watson) Mart. Accepted 24 July 2024 *Corresponding author, e-mail: darifiani@gmail.com Short Communication ABSTRACT This study was conducted to explore Melothria pendula on Halmahera Island. Keywords: halmahera; indonesia; island; maluku; melothria; melothria pendula; north; pendula; species
• REVIEW ON AFLATOXIN IN INDONESIAN FOOD- AND FEEDSTUFFS AND THEIR PRODUCTS by DHARMAPUTRA, OKKY SETYAWATI (2024) - Some of these methods reduced aflatoxin contents significantly. Purwoko et al. (1991) studied aflatoxin content of 34 maize samples collected from poultry farms and poultry feedmills located around Jakarta and Bogor. Keywords: aflatoxin; content; dharmaputra; flavus; indonesia; maize; ppb; production; products; samples
• NEW RECORD OF Mycena chlorophos (BIOLUMINESCENT FUNGI) FOR INDONESIA by Fathansah Nugeraha; Silva Ristiana Haryadi; Wahyu Aji Mahardhika; Oktan Dwi Nurhayat; Permana Putra, Ivan (2025) - This is the first confirmed record of Mycena chlorophos in Indonesia, extending its known distribution worldwide. Article Information Received : 30 May 2025 Revised : 17 September 2025 Accepted : 22 September 2025 *Corresponding author, e-mail: ivanpermanaputra@apps.ipb.ac.id Research Paper ABSTRACT The majority of fungi exhibiting bioluminescence are classified within the Mycenaceae with Mycena chlorophos among the most widely recognized species. Keywords: bioluminescent; chew; chlorophos; doi; et al; fungi; indonesia; malaysia; mycena; mycena chlorophos; record; species; study
• UTILITY OF matK GENE AS DNA BARCODE TO ASSESS EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIP OF IMPORTANT TROPICAL FOREST TREE GENUS Mangifera (Anacardiaceae) IN INDONESIA AND THAILAND by Hidayat, Topik -; Pancoro, Adi -; Kusumawaty, Diah - (2012) - Further result exhibited that DNA sequences of the K of two species ( dan ) are different between Indonesia and Thailand specimens. : DNA barcode, , K gene, parsimony, phylogenetic analysis 1,2,* 3 2 1 2 3 Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Malaysia Department of Biology Education, Indonesia University of Education (UPI), Bandung, Indonesia School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institute Technology of Bandung, Indonesia mat Mangifera Mangifera mat Mangifera Mangifera mat Mangifera M. laurina M. macrocarpa Mangifera mat Received 24 November 2010/Accepted 28 October 2011 ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Keywords The genus L., one of the most important plant groups in deciduous forest and wet tropical rainforests including mountain forests, is one of the largest genera of the family Anacardiaceae to which approximately 69 species have already been described. Size and border of K gene for were determined through comparative analysis in genebank (www.ncbi.nlm.nig.gov). Keywords: dna; gene; indonesia; mangifera; mat; thailand
• RAPID DETECTION OF THE AFRICANIZED HONEY BEE: A TOOL FOR INDONESIAN ANIMAL QUARANTINE by RAFFIUDIN, RIKA; BINTAR, ANIFA; WIDJAJA, M. CHANDRA; FARAJALLAH, AHMAD; PURWANTARA, BAMBANG (2024) - Amplifi cation and DNA Restriction Analysis We collected samples from 94 colonies of imported A. mellifera from big and small apiaries in Central and East Java (data not shown). Cyt b PCR products from imported A. mellifera in Java, Indonesia; M = 100 bp DNA marker, 1-10 = A. mellifera colony sample number 1-10 from Java, Indonesia BIOTROPIA Vol. 16 Keywords: ahb; bee; bglii; cyt; dna; honey; indonesia; mellifera
• PROPOSED MODEL ON LEVELS OF DEGRADED LAND AT MERAWU WATERSHED, BANJARNEGARA REGENCY, CENTRAL JAVA PROVINCE, INDONESIA by Sulistyo, Bambang; Gunawan, Totok; Hartono, Hartono; Danoedoro, Projo; Martanto, Rochmat (2017) - showedEquation (4) explicitly that the number of parameters Slope, R s LoDL were factor, K factor, LS factor, C factor, P factor, and Percentage of Canopy Cover . Figure 3 Map of R factor Figure 4 Map of K factor Figure 5 Map of LS factor Figure 6 Map of C factor 226 BIOTROPIA Vol. 24 No. 3, 2017 Figure 7 Map of P factor Figure 8 Map of Slope Figure 9 Map of Percentage of Canopy Cover intensity of rainfall. Keywords: data; erosion; factor; indonesia; land; merawu; model; parameters; raster; slope; sulistyo
• THE DISTRIBUTION AND POTENTIAL PROBLEMS OF MIMOSA PIGRA L. IN INDONESIA by TJITROSOEDIRDJO, SRI S. (2024) - This sand comes from the rivers or places already contaminated by M. pigra seeds. If the sand from these rivers is contaminated with M. pigra seeds, it can be spread further within a short time. Keywords: distribution; indonesia; java; pigra; spread

• DRAGONFLIES DIVERSITY AND LAND COVER CHANGES IN THE BATUBOLONG RIVER, WEST LOMBOK DISTRICT by Zulhariadi, Muhammad; Irawan, Raden Dedi; Zulfaeda, Aulia; Hidayani, Nurul (2022) - The canopy and the light intensity also determine the types of dragonfly species existing around the river. The numbers of Odonata dragonflies found in 2014 and 2021 are the same, but of different species. Keywords: batubolong; changes; cover; diversity; dragonflies; dragonfly; island; land; lieftinck; lombok; odonata; orthetrum; river; sampling; species
• COMMUNITY STRUCTURE OF BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA IN EASTERN WATERS OF SEGARA ANAK LAGOON IN CILACAP by WINANTO, TJAHJO ; HARY TJAHJA , PETRUS ; AMRON; HARISAN, TAUFAN ; HENDRAYANA (2022) - Kajian paleoklimat berdasarkan karakteristik mineral dan foraminifera di Pesisir Cirebon, Jawa Barat. Laboratory observations carried out included the types and numbers of benthic foraminifera. Keywords: abundance; anakan; community; diversity; foraminifera; index; lagoon; sediment; segara; species; station; structure; study; types; uniformity; waters
• DIVERSITY OF PLASMODIAL MYXOMYCETES FROM ANDA ISLAND, PANGASINAN, PHILIPPINES by dela Cruz, Thomas Edison (2013) - However, studies on island myxomycetes are relatively few in spite of their role in wood decay and nutrient cycling in temperate forests and in bio-accumulation of heavy metals (Zhulidov . 2002; Takahashi 2004). Rudolf V Kuhn.cdr BIOTROPIA Vol. 20 No. 1, 2013: 1 - 9 DIVERSITY OF PLASMODIAL MYXOMYCETES FROM ANDA ISLAND, PANGASINAN, PHILIPPINES RUDOLF V. KUHN , ANTON OLIVER M. JAVIER , COLEEN P. RODILLAS , CHRISTIAN M. PARRA , LIWAYWAY HIYAS M. CORPUZ , ANTHONY T. BUAYA , and THOMAS EDISON E. DELA CRUZ * Received 20 December 2011/ Keywords: anda; craterium; diversity; island; moist; myxomycetes; philippines; physarum; species; stephenson; total
• INTRA-SPESIFIC DIVERSITY OF BUTTERFLY PEA (Clitoria ternatea L.) REVEALED BY ISSR WITH INVARIABLE ITS RECORDS by Yusuf, Adib Fakhruddin; Latifah, Vida Rahma; Nurcahyati, Vivi Indah; Nurhasanah, Anggun Diyan; Widyasari, Adristi Shafa; Nainggolan, Ananto Puradi; Hasibuan, Aldy Riau Wansyah; Hidayat, Madyan Akmal; Karmilah, Karmilah; Pratiwi, Arini Dian; Aurantika, Rindu; Hasanah, Muslifah; Aristya, Ganies Riza; Handayani, Niken Satuti Nur; Arisuryanti, Tuty; Lesmana, Indra; Daryono, Budi Setiadi (2025) - Genetic diversity study of melon native landraces using ISSR markers in Kurdistan Region of Iraq. specific SSR markers in Clitoria ternatea (L.) and their application in genetic diversity studies. Keywords: blue; butterfly; diversity; dna; doi; double; et al; genotypes; issr; light; markers; pea; purple; sequence; single; study; ternatea; variation; white

• BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF DAMPING-OFF FUNGI OF AGOHO (CASUARINA EQUISETIFOLIA L.) USING ANTAGONISTIC BACTERIA by E.P. MILITANTE, M.U. GARC, A.K. RAYMUNDO, (2024) - Moreover, several strains of bacteria are effective in lysing cell walls of pathogenic fungi under laboratory conditions. 1 BIOTROPIA No. 7, 1994 Furthermore, several strains of bacteria are effective in lysing cell walls of pathogenic fungi under laboratory conditions. Keywords: agar; agoho; bacillus; bacteria; control; fungi
• GROWTH INHIBITION OF PATHOGENIC ROOT FUNGI BY EXTRACTS OF ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGI OR Picea glehnii INOCULATED WITH ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGI* by MEGUMI KASUYA, MARIA CATARINA (2024) - I. Antagonism of fungi to root pathogenic fungi and soil bacteria. No. 9, 1996: 53 - 61 GROWTH INHIBITION OF PATHOGENIC ROOT FUNGI BY EXTRACTS OF ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGI OR Picea glehnii INOCULATED WITH ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGI* MARIA CATARINA MEGUMI KASUYA Dep. Keywords: compounds; ectomycorrhizal; extracts; fungi; inhibition; paper
• FUNGI ISOLATED FROM GROUNDNUTS IN SOME LOCATIONS OF WEST JAVA by S.DHARMAPUTRA, O (2024) - The fungal species and range of precentage of infected kernels of groundnut samples collected from Cidolog in different storage systems The percentages of kernels infected by A. flavus in FHG were higher than in samples collected from FSS and MW, because it was assumed that A. flavus infected the pods of groundnut before harves. The percentages of kernels infected by A. wentii in samples collected from Cidolog and Sukabumi were between 30-100% and 36-100%, respectively, while those of kernels infected by A. nigerin samples collected from Cianjur and Bogor were between 34-93% and 14-98%, respectively. Keywords: bogor; flavus; fungi; kernels; samples; season
• INFLUENCE OF MOISTURE CONTENT AND LENGTH OF STORAGE ON FUNGAL INVASION OF PADDY RICE *) by E. PADERES, DANILO (2024) - Moisture Content The high constant temperature oven method of determining seed moisture content based on the International Seed Testing Association rules (1976) was used. Storage fungi were noted as early as five weeks after storage at moisture contents from 9.3 to 18.33%. Keywords: christensen; content; fungi; germination; moisture; moisture content; rice; storage
• THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SOME ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGI IN ALGINATE BEADS IN PROMOTING THE GROWTH OF SEVERAL DIPTEROCARP SEEDLINGS by SUPRIYANTO, SUPRIYANTO (2024) - The presence of Mantle (M), Hartig's Net (HN) or none in the rooting system were used to determine the compatibility of inoculated mycorrhizal fungi and host plant. The extent of mycorrhizal colonization of inoculated mycorrhizal fungi on four species of dipterocarp seedlings is shown in Table 4. Keywords: alginate; beads; descomyces; fungi; mycorrhizal; scleroderma; seedlings; shorea; umbronata
• THE OCCURRENCE OF INSECTS, FUNGI AND ORGANOLEPTIC CHARACTERISTICS IN STORED COFFEE BEANS IN LAMPUNG by S. DHARMAPUTRA, OKKY; SUNJAYA, SUNJAYA; RETNOWATI, INA; AMAD, MUHAMMAD (2024) - Quality level of coffee bean samples was determined based on the number of defective beans from 300 g of sample. Moisture content of coffee bean samples from exporters (12.6 ± 0.5%) (Table 3) was lower compared to samples from farmers and traders, but 20% of the total samples collected from exporters still exceeded the tolerable limit recommended by SNI. Keywords: beans; coffee; coffee beans; content; exporters; farmers; fungi; moisture; samples; traders
• THE OCCURRENCE OF INSECTS AND FUNGI, AND AFLATOXIN B CONTAMINATION OF STORED SORGHUM IN DEMAK AND WONOGIRI REGENCIES, CENTRAL JAVA by DHARMAPUTRA, OKKY SETYAWATI; SANTI, SANTI AMBARWATI; INA, INA RETNOWATI (2012) - Field fungi were also still found in sorghum collected from collectors, because at farmer level sorghum was stored in a short period. The questionnaires contained among others questions on postharvest handling carried out by farmers and collectors and problems encountered by them he number of sorghum samples collected from regency was 46 with the breakdown as follows : farmers (34), collectors (9) and retailers in traditional market (3). Keywords: aflatoxin; collector; demak; farmer; flavus; fungi; regency; respondents; samples; sorghum; species; wonogiri
• THE QUALITY OF PHYSIC NUT(Jatropha curcas L.) SEEDS PACKED IN PLASTIC MATERIAL DURING STORAGE by Worang, Rantje Lilly; Dharmaputra, Okky Setyawati; Syarief, Rizal; Miftahuddin (2008) - To obtain good quality of physic nut seeds, some factors should be taken into consideration, i.e. the degree of fruit maturity, safe seed moisture content, appropriate container and storage condition, duration of storage, good viability and vigor of seeds. Christensen and Kaufmann (1969) reported that during storage seeds or grains could be infected by fungi which cause a decrease in viability, discolouration, various biochemical changes, heating and mustiness, loss in weight, and production of toxins when it is consumed may be injurious to human and domestic animals. Keywords: contents; duration; fungi; lipid; moisture; months; nut; physic; seeds; storage; vigor
• LIPID ACCUMULATION BY Flavodon flavus ATH USING PALM OIL MILL EFFLUENT AS SUBSTRATE by Sudiana, I Made; Kanti, Atit; Helbert, Helbert; Octaviana, Senlie; Suprapedi, Suprapedi (2014) - Fatty acid methyl ester, , Oleaginous fungi, Palm oil mill effluent (POME), Single cell oil *1 1 1 1 2 1 2 Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia Research Center for Physic, Indonesian Institute of Sciences,Komplek PUSPIPTEK Tangerang Selatan, Banten, Indonesia Flavodon flavus Aspergillus Trichoderma Fusarium Fusarium Flavodon flavus Flavodon flavus ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Keywords: As awareness on the limited stock of fossil fuel and concern on environmental hazard of petroleum fuel is growing, research on sustainable biofuel is gaining its popularity (Richana 2010; Fujita 2004; Wraight & Ramos 2005; The suitability of SCOs from oleaginous fungi was evaluated and observed contained 92% (w/w) neutral lipids in its SCO (Wu 2011). Keywords: activity; ath; et al; flavodon; flavus; fungi; fusarium; lipid; methyl; pome; production
• ISOLATION OF ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI FROM THE COASTAL PLANT TERONG PUNGO (Solanum sp.) AND ITS ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AGAINST ORAL PATHOGENIC BACTERIA by Ukhty, Nabila; Tarman, Kustiariyah; Setyaningsih, Iriani (2017) - Crude extract of endophytic TP6 fungus showed antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa. The objectives of this study were to isolate endophytic fungi from the leaves of terong pungo and determine the antibacterial activity of the fungi against bacteria causing dental caries and infection. Keywords: activity; aeruginosa; antibacterial; crude; days; endophytic; fungal; fungi; staphylococcus; tp6
• FUNGAL INFECTION AND AFLATOXIN CONTAMINATION IN STORED NUTMEG (Myristica fragrans) KERNELS AT VARIOUS STAGES OF DELIVERY CHAIN IN NORTH SULAWESI PROVINCE by Dharmaputra, Okky S.; Ambarwati, Santi; Retnowati, Ina; Nurfadila, Nijma (2016) - Source and umber of amplesN S The total number of samples nutmeg kernels collected from different points in the delivery chain was 76 consisted of nutmeg kernels . The number of samples nutmeg kernels at each level determined of delivery point was proportionally, based on the number of farmers, collectors and . Keywords: aflatoxin; collectors; content; exporters; farmers; fungal; fungi; kernels; north; nutmeg; samples; total

• DIETARY EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT FOR AFLATOXIN B FROM PROCESSED PEANUT PRODUCTS IN MUNICIPALITY OF BOGOR 1 by SETYAWATI DHARMAPUTRA, OKKY; SANTI, SANTI AMBARWATI; INA, INA RETNOWATI (2024) - Survey of processed peanut product consumption was carried out by interviewing each respondent using a questionnaire of weekly processed peanut product consumption concerning : - the kinds of processed peanut products ( or , , , , , , , or , , , and ) consumed by each respondent during the last one week - the frequency of processed peanut products to be consumed by each respondent during the last week - portion or product number consumed by each respondent during the last week - the location where each respondent bought the processed peanut products - the body weight of each respondent In addition to interviewing each respondent, observation was also conducted to obtain information about the number of processed peanut product sellers found in the surrounding of respondent domiciles. The objectives of this study were to determine the contents of AFB1 in processed peanut products at retail levels, and to obtain information whether there is a risk to public health caused by the consumption of processed peanut products contaminated by AFB1. Keywords: afb1; aflatoxin; assessment; bogor; day; exposure; gado; peanut; pecel; products; risk; samples; sauce
• THE OCCURRENCE OF INSECTS AND MOULDS IN STORED COCOA BEANS AT SOUTH SULAWESI by S. DHARMAPUTRA, OKKY (2024) - The number and percentage of cocoa bean samples infested by each insect species at trader level during dry and wet seasons N Insect species Dry season Wet season Number of in- fested samples Percent of infested samples Number of infested samples Percent of infested samples 1 Ahasverus advena 0 - 2 9.5 2 Anisoptermalus calandrae 1 4.8 1 4.8 3 Araecerus fasciculatus 5 23.8 3 14.3 4 Callosobruchus chinensis 1 4.8 1 4.8 5 Carpophilus sp. 1 4.8 2 9.5 6 Cryptolesles fernigineus 1 4.8 0 - 7 Liposcelis entomophila 1 4.8 1 4.8 8 Oryzaephilus surinamensis 0 - 1 4.8 9 Palorus sp. 0 - 2 9.5 10 Sitophilus zeamais 3 14.3 4 19.0 11 Tribolium castaneum 14 66.7 15 71.4 Most of the traders sold various commodities in their shops which are located at traditional markets, consequently insect species of other commodities were also found on cocoa beans. Most of the traders bought wet cocoa beans from farmers (75% of respon- dents), consequently farmers did not dry their cocoa beans up to recommended moisture content (7.5%). Keywords: beans; cocoa; cocoa beans; content; farmers; insect; mean; samples; season; table; traders
• MOLD DIVERSITY OF WREATHED HORNBILL (Rhyticeros undulatus) NEST IN MOUNT UNGARAN by Rahayuningsih, Margareta; Revandi, Yanuar; Bintari, Siti Harnina (2022) - √ √ √ √ √ √ Aspergillus niger - √ - - - - Aspergillus terreus √ - - √ √ - Acremonium sp. - √ - - - - Curvularia sp. - - - √ √ - Fusarium sp. - - - - √ √ Geotrichum sp. - - - √ √ - Neosartorya fischeri - - - √ √ - Penicillium sp. - - √ √ √ - Penicillium variabile - √ - - - - Rhizopus sp. - - - - - √ Trichoderma sp. - - - √ - √ Total spesies 2 4 2 7 7 4 Notes: PDA = Potato Dextrose Agar; MEA = WM CM CN WM CM CN WM CM CN WM CM Aspergillus sp. - - - - - - √ √ √ √ √ √ Aspergillus niger - - - - - - √ - - √ - - Aspergillus terreus - - - - - - - - √ - - √ Acremonium sp. - - - - - - - - √ - - - Curvularia sp. - - - - - - - - √ - - √ Fusarium sp. - - - - - - √ √ - √ √ √ Geotrichum sp. √ - - - - √ - - - - - - Neosartorya fischeri - - - - √ √ - - - - - √ Penicillium sp. - - - - - √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Penicillium variabile - - - - √ - - - - - - - Rhizopus sp. - - - - - - - - - √ - - Trichoderma sp. - √ - √ √ - - - - - - - Total spesies 1 1 - 1 3 2 4 3 5 5 3 6 Notes: Keywords: aspergillus; mold; nest; observation; samples; species; undulatus; √ √
• CHARACTERIZATION OF MALAYSIAN WILD BANANAS BASED ON ANTHOCYANINS by JAVED, MUHAMMAD ASIF; CHAI, MAK.; OTHMAN, ROFINA YASMIN (2011) - Asif_Javed@rocketmail.com 28 BIOTROPIA NO. 16, 2001 in the utilization of wild banana sources had further elucidated the need to characterize different wild Musa species in Malaysia. Extracts from Musa acuminata accessions, BC2 and Gala were analyzed and the results are presented in Table 4. Keywords: accessions; acuminata; anthocyanins; jay; musa; samples; species; table
• MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF MALAYSIAN WILD BANANA MUSA ACUMINATA by JAVED, MUHAMMAD ASIF; CHAI, MAK; OTHMAN, ROFINA YASMIN (2011) - Hari (1968) also recommended that bract imbrication should be rejected as taxonomic character in the classification of Musa acuminata accessions subject to morphological changes during bud development. The data on different morphological characters were taken during first crop cycle. Keywords: accessions; acuminata; banana; bc3; bract; characters; fruit; highland; musa; populations; samples
• AGEING AND THE AMOUNT OF DNA EXTRACTED FROM BAWEAN DEER (A xis kuhlii ) FECES by Nugroho, Adi; Susanto, Denni ; Adi Subrata, Sena (2022) - In large animals, DNA samples can be obtained from fluids, hair and feces gathered in the field. Fecal samples of the Bawean deer were collected from the Bawean Deer Captive Unit in Sangkapura Village, Bawean Island, East Java. Keywords: bawean; deer; dna; feces; samples
• ASPERGILLUS FLA VUS INFECTION AND AFLATOXIN CONTAMINATION IN PEANUTS AT VARIOUS STAGES OF THE DELIVERY CHAINS IN CIANJUR REGENCY, WEST JAVA, INDONESIA by S.DHARMAPUTRA, OKKY (2011) - The moisture contents and physical quality of peanut kernels were also determined. In general, the mean of moisture content of peanut kernels in each delivery chain were considered safe for storage. Keywords: aflatoxin; collectors; farmers; kernels; peanuts; retailers; samples; wholesalers
• THE CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ARABICA AND ROBUSTA GREEN COFFEE BEANS FROM GEOPARK RINJANI, INDONESIA by Zainuri; Paramartha, Dewa Nyoman Adi; Fatinah, Amira; Nofrida, Rini; Rahayu, Novia; Anggraini, Ines Marisya Dwi; Utama, Qabul Dinanta (2023) - Towaha et al., (2014a) proposed that altitude affects the acidity level of Arabica coffee beans. Saputri et al. (2020) reported that Robusta coffee beans showed a higher total solid content compared to Arabica coffee beans. Keywords: arabica; beans; coffee; coffee beans; content; geopark; lombok; rinjani; robusta; sajang; samples; sapit; total
• EVALUATION OF METHODS FOR TOTAL RNA EXTRACTION FROM THE ENDOSPERM OF COCOS NUCIFERA VAR. MAKAPUNO IN VIETNAM FOR MOLECULAR ANALYSIS by Nguyen, Thanh-Diem; Vu, Huyen-Trang (2023) - RNA samples remained stable for up to 3 weeks when stored in absolute ethanol at 8°C–10°C, which significantly reduced their degradation during transportation. Hence, obtaining of RNA samples that are highly concentrated and pure is of utmost importance in ensuring the success of RNA sequencing and genetic analysis (Gallego Romero et al. 2014, Scholes et al. 2020). Keywords: coconut; ctab; endosperm; extraction; methods; quality; results; rna; samples; tissue; total; trisure; value; waxy
• EVALUATION OF INDONESIAN LOCAL SOYBEAN BASED ON CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND VISIBLE - NEAR INFRARED SPECTRA WITH CHEMOMETRICS by Masithoh, Rudiati Evi; Abadi, Farid R; Sutiarso, Lilik; Rahayoe, Sri (2024) - Figure 1 A portable Vis-NIR spectrometer arrangement Evaluation of Soybean Based on Chemical Characteristics and Vis-NIR Spectroscopy – Farid R. Abadi et al. 65 Bulk, flour, and paste soybean samples were poured into petri dish (Ø=5 cm), followed by spectra measurementdescribed by Abadi et al. (2022). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed for all chemical parameters and soybean samples. Keywords: analysis; chlorophyll; color; crumble; et al; flour; nir; parameters; paste; samples; soybean; spectroscopy; values
• MORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF Donax faba (BIVALVIA: DONACIDAE) OBTAINED FROM KUTANG BEACH, LAMONGAN, INDONESIA by Ambarwati, Reni; Rachmadiarti, Fida; Fitrihidajati, Herlina; Purnomo, Tarzan; Rahayu, Dwi Anggorowati; Faizah, Ulfi (2024) - Dharma (2005) described five types of D. faba shells collected from West Java. Therefore, this research aimed to assess the morphological variations and molecular characteristics of D. faba obtained from Kutang Beach based on COI gene. Keywords: ambarwati; beach; d. faba; dna; donax; donax faba; faba; research; samples; shell; species; type; variations
• BACTERIAL COMMUNITY SHIFTS OF A HIGH MOUNTAIN LAKE IN RESPONSE TO VARIABLE SIMULATED CONDITIONS: AVAILABILITY OF NUTRIENTS, LIGHT AND OXYGEN by YUHANA, MUNTI; HORATH, THOMAS; HANSELMANN, KURT (2011) - Bacterial community shifts over three ecological conditions (nutrients, light and oxygen availability) were detected by using Temporal Temperature gradient Gel Electrophoresis (TTGE) of a PCR-amplified part of the 16S rRNA gene. Environments with low nutrients lead to a more diverse species composition, and community shifts between the initial and the final state are less pronounced. Keywords: 16s; bands; community; conditions; gene; initial; lake; nutrients; pcr; rrna; samples; sec; sequence; shifts
• WILD EDIBLE PLANTS IN ENHANCING POST-DISASTER FOOD SECURITY, ORMOC CITY, PHILIPPINES by Nazareno, Patricia Anne; Bagarinao, Prof Ricardo; Buot, Inocencio Jr.; Ochavillo, Cindy (2025) - Wild edible plants in enhancing post-disaster food security - Nazareno et al. 9 Table 3 Mineral composition of wild edible plants found in three barangays in Ormoc City, Leyte Plant species Plant part analyzed Fe (mg/kg) Guided field excursions and field works were used to collect plant samples (Cacatian & Tabian 2023) as well as additional data on the identity of the plants. Keywords: city; content; et al; food; fraxinifolius; fruits; g/100; ormoc; philippines; plants; samples; vitamin; weight
• TESTING RELIABILITY OF SERUM SAMPLES AS A DNA SOURCE ON CAPTIVE BREEDING LONG-TAILED MACAQUES (Macaca fascicularis) by Perwitasari-Farajallah, Dyah; Farajallah, Achmad (2014) - As a result, our study aimed to examine the applicability and reliability of serum samples as a DNA source. In contrast, insufficient DNA yielded in serum samples may in part be attributed to inadequate amount of nucleated cell inside the samples. Keywords: buffy; dna; macaques; pcr; samples; serum

• ANTAGONISTIC EFFECT OF YEAST, ACETIC ACID BACTERIA AND MANGOSTEEN RIND EXTRACT ON AFLATOXIGENIC Aspergillus flavus IN UNFERMENTED COCOA BEANS by Nurfadila, Nijma; Sutrisno, Sutrisno; Ahmad, Usman; Samsudin, Samsudin (2021) - The next process were washing of cocoa beans from pulp and drying using sun-drying for 1 day (9 hours) to become unfermented cocoa beans. No. 3,2021 Range of temperature and relative humidity I. orientalis BIO 21 1288 + A. aceti + mangosteen in the storage room after cocoa beans rind extract, because A . Keywords: aceti; acetobacter; acid; aflatoxigenic; bacteria; beans; bio; cocoa; extract; inhibition; interaction; mangosteen; mre; orientalis; rind; yeast
• GENETIC DIVERSITY ANALYSIS OF THERMOPHILIC BACTERIA FROM CANDRADIMUKA CRATER IN CENTRAL JAVA EMPLOYING PCR-RFLP OF 16S-rRNA GENE by DESILIYARNI, TEMMY; SuwANTOAAAo, ANTONIUS; SUHARTONO, MAGGY T.; PURWADARIA, TRESNAWATI (2024) - The other group shows that OTU 1 was closely related to E. coli (16S-rRNA genes in pKK3535 constructed by Brosius et al., 1981 in Herawati, 1996). 1 BIOTROPIA No. 14, 1999 it has been known that approximately only 1% of microorganisms in the environment could be cultured (Amann et al. 1995; Pace 1997; Borneman et al. 1996). Keywords: 16s; bacteria; dna; genes; otu; pcr; rflp; rrna
• SECONDARY METABOLITE OF SUMBAWA ALGAE AND ITS POTENTIAL AS NATURAL PRESERVATIVE CANDIDATES (AN ANTIMICROBIAL STUDIES) by Manguntungi, Baso; Sari, Arlinda Puspita; Ariandi, Ariandi; Vanggy, Leggina Rezzy; Erlangga, Robby; Mahesa, Muhammad Abdi (2022) - This island has a 3,331.72 km2 water area, rich in various types of algae, including red algae (Rhodophyta), brown algae (Ocrophyta) and green algae (Chlorophyta). The samples were classified as red algae, green algae and brown algae. Keywords: algae; bacteria; coli; compounds; concentration; extract; food; inhibition; sargassum; zone
• CHARACTERIZATION OF THREE BENZOATE DEGRADING ANOXYGENIC PHOTOSYNTHETIC BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM THE ENVIRONMENT by SURYANTO, DWI; SUWANTO, ANTONIUS; MERYANDINI, ANJA (2011) - Anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria (APB) are nutritionally versatile in their ability to utilize diverse sources of carbon ranging from simple aliphatic organic acids to complex polysaccharides (Hiraishi et al. 1995). In Anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria. Keywords: bacteria; benzoate; compounds; gibson; isolates; vitamins
• CHARACTERIZATION OF XYLANASE FROM A XYLANOLYTIC- THERMOPHILIC BACTERIUM ISOLATED FROM GUNUNG PANCAR HOT SPRING, WEST JAVA by SUWANTO, ANTONIUS; SURYANTO, DWI; MERYANDINI, ANJA (2011) - Anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria (APB) are nutritionally versatile in their ability to utilize diverse sources of carbon ranging from simple aliphatic organic acids to complex polysaccharides (Hiraishi et al. 1995). In Anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria. Keywords: bacteria; benzoate; compounds; gibson; isolates; vitamins
• PRODUCTION OPTIMIZATION, PARTIAL PURIFICATION, AND THROMBOLYTIC ACTIVITY EVALUATION OF PROTEASE OF Bacillus cereus HSFI-10 by Ainutajriani, Ainutajriani; Darmawati, Sri; Zilda, Dewi Seswita; Afriansyah, Muhammad Ardi; Saptaningtyas, Ragil; Ethica, Stalis Norma (2023) - This study aims to determine the type of bacteria based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence using the PCR method, to determine differences in protease enzyme activity based on the optimization of production time for 24, 48, and 72 Hours and to determine the description of A, B, AB, and O blood smears after the addition thrombolytic protease enzymes of Bacillus sp. HSFI-10. Partial Purification of Bacterial Protease Partial purification was initiated by precipitation using 70% ammonium sulfate, as much as 400 g added slowly in 1 L of crude enzymes as previously described (Natsir et al. 2015). Keywords: activity; bacillus; bacteria; blood; cereus; clot; crude; enzyme; et al; figure; hsfi-10; lysis; protease; purification; results; type
• POTENCY OF VIBRIO ISOLATES FOR BIOCONTROL OF VIBRIOSIS IN TIGER SHRIMP (PENAEUS MONODON) LARVAE by WIDANARNI, WIDANARNI; SUWANTO, A.; SUKENDA, SUKENDA; LAY, B. W. (2011) - Although no significant difference was observed in the number of V. harveyi MR5339 Rf* either in culture media (Figure 3) or dead larvae (Figure 4), high mortality in shrimp larvae for treatment without biocontrol isolates indicated the effect of the inhibition. Onto the same test tubes were also added overnight liquid culture of V. harveyi MR5339 Rf* at 102cell/ml. Keywords: bacteria; biocontrol; harveyi; isolates; larvae; mr5339; shrimp; vibrio
• BIOLOGICAL REMEDIATION OF CYANIDE: A REVIEW by Ibrahim, Karamba Kabiru; Syed, Mohd Arif; Shukor, Mohd Yunus; Ahmad, Siti Aqlima (2016) - New fungal biomasses for cyanide biodegradation. Hydrolytic, oxidative, reductive and substitutive/transfer reactions are some of the common pathways used by microorganisms in cyanide degradation. Keywords: anaerobic; bacteria; biodegradation; cells; concentration; cyanide; et al; immobilized; microbiol; microorganisms; process; pseudomonas; removal; thiocyanate; treatment
• GENOTYPIC AND PHENOTYPIC CHARACTERIZATION OF Alcaligenes javaensis JG3 POTENTIAL AS AN EFFECTIVE BIODEGRADER by Ethica, Stalis Norma; Oedjijono, Oedjijono; Semiarti, Endang; Widada, Jaka; Raharjo, Tri Joko (2018) - Ethica et al. 2013a, 2013b).et al. Strain JG3 is an attractive research object because strain JG3 is capable of producing quite high level of lipase (Lestari et al. 2009, 2016). Single colonies from the pure culture were also inoculated on TSA having 5% sheep blood and MacConkey plates at similar temperature condition to identify the possibility of strain JG3 in exhibiting pathogenic characteristics, one of which is causing blood haemolysis. Keywords: 16s; ability; alcaligenes; analysis; bacteria; characterization; et al; glycerol; jg3; lipase; medium; rrna; strain; strain jg3
• OPTIMIZATION BACTERIAL DENSITY AND FERTILIZER DOSAGE FOR BIOREMEDIATION OF OIL CONTAMINATED SANDY BEACH: A CASE OF CILACAP, INDONESIA by Darmayati, Yeti; Sanusi, Harpasis S.; Prartono, Tri; Santosa, Dwi Andreas; Nuchsin, Ruyitno (2017) - o Measurement of oil concentration was conducted in triplicates for each treatment at each sampling time. Oil concentration in the slurry represented the concentration of oil in the treatment. Keywords: bacteria; bioaugmentation; bioremediation; biostimulation; concentration; degradation; density; fertilizer; nitrogen; oil
• IDENTIFICATION OF ENDOPHYTIC BACTERIA FROM Curcuma zedoaria BASED ON PROTEIN PROFILE USING MALDI-TOF MASS SPECTROMETRY by Sulistiyani, Tri Ratna; Lisdiyanti, Puspita (2018) - Analysis based on protein profile present in bacterial cells using Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is becoming feasible and precise for bacterial identification (Bizzini et al. 2011; Matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) allows the identification of microorganisms directly from colonies and it only takes some few minutes. Keywords: bacteria; genus; identification; isolates; level; maldi; mass; protein; species; spectra; spectrometry; tof

• LIMITED SEED DISPERSAL MAY SHAPE GENETIC STRUCTURE OF Hydnophytum formicarum Jack. POPULATIONS IN MANGROVE ECOSYSTEM by Yusoff, Abdul Shukor; Wan Omar, Wan Bayani; Rohani, Shahrudin (2020) - Genetic variation and population genetic structure in Trifoliumpratense. Geographical distance and barriers explain population genetic patterns in an endangered island perennial. Keywords: analysis; ants; differentiation; dispersal; et al; formicarum; island; layat; plants; populations; pulau; species; structure; tujuh; variation
• THE MOLECULAR APPROACH REVEALS THE RELATIONSHIP AMONG VENUS CLAMS ( Meretrix spp.) COMMUNITY IN MALAYSIA by Idris , Mohd Hanafi ; Mustafa Kamal, Abu Hena; Hamli, Hadi ; Rajaee, Amy ; Al-Asif, Abdulla (2022) - However, the result contrasts with M. lyrata from BLAST analysis which inferred a high similarity sequence with M. lyrata accession sequence. Table 1 List of Meretrix accession sequences from the GeneBank (NCBI) Keywords: accession; analysis; china; dna; et al; gel; idris; locality; lyrata; m. lusoria; m. lyrata; malaysia; meretrix; meretrix spp; sarawak; sequence; species; spp; study
• ELASTICITY ANALYSIS OF THE GRAZING AND DETRITAL PATHWAYS IN A SHALLOW PHILIPPINE SEAGRASS MEADOW by Clores, Michael (2023) - The results of the elasticity analysis proved to be a practical tool for diagnosing and forecasting the impacts of overgrazing in seagrass systems commonly reported in the literature (Burnel et al. 2013; Yeager and Layman, 2011; Fourqurean et al. 2010) and the mechanistic interactions between predators and prey in seagrass meadows (Clores and Cuesta, 2019; Archer, Stoner, and Layman, 2015; Clores, Conde and Perez, 2020). Seagrass biomass enters the second trophic level by either secondary production through grazing, recycling biomass by the detrital loops, and feeding on phytoplankton by certain species as early-stage larvae. Keywords: analysis; biomass; elasticity; grazers; grazing; model; seagrass; trophic
• PLOJDY ANALYSIS AND DNA CONTENT OF MUTANT BANAN "PISANG BERANGAN" USING FLOW CYTOMETRY by OTHMAN, ROFINA YASMIN; SHADIA, ABDELGADIR RAYIS; CHAI, MAK (2024) - In this study, flow cytometry (FCM) was used to determine ploidy levels and DNA content in gamma-irradiated variants of mutated Pisang Berangan (cv. Intan, AAA) - a local banana genotype. The study showed that DNA content of mutated plants differed from non-irradiated control and that irradiation had the most effect at high doses (40 and 60 Gy). Keywords: analysis; berangan; content; dna; dna content; flow; nuclear; pisang; plants; ploidy
• A SPECIES-SPECIFIC PCR ASSAY BASED ON THE INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACER (ITS) REGIONS FOR IDENTIFICATION OF MYCOSPHAERELLA EUMUSAE, M. FIJIENSIS AND M. MUSICOLA ON BANANA by Hidayat, Iman (2012) - Mycosphaerella M. musicola Mycosphaerella M. fijienssis M. fijiensis M. musicola Pseudocercospora Mycosphaerella M. eumusae M. fijiensis M musicola Mycosphaerella Mycosphaerella Mycosphaerella Mycosphaerella . Living cultures were deposited at the et al. M. fijiensis, M. musicola, M. eumusae et al. et al. et al. M. fijiensis, M. musicola M. eumusae et al. M. fijiensis, M. musicola M. eumusae et al. M. fijiensis et al Mycosphaerella Pseudocercospora et al MATERIALS AND METHOD Fungal materials BIOTROPIA Vol. 19 No. 1, 2012 20 LIPIMC microbial culture collection, Microbiology Division, Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences-LIPI, Cibinong, West Java, Indonesia. Keywords: analysis; banana; dna; eumusae; m. fijiensis; m. musicola; mycosphaerella; pcr; primers; sequences; species
• PROXIMATE, TANNIN, AND AMYLOSE IN SIX SORGHUM VARIETIES ACROSS TWO PLANTING SEASONS by Muazam, Arif; Kristamtini, Kristamtini; Widyayanti, Setyorini; Nugraha, Yudhistira; Kasiamdari, Rina Sri; Setiadi Daryono, Budi (2025) - However, research on the impact of environmental factors, particularly different growing seasons, to the nutritional composition of sorghum varieties are still lacking. BIOTROPIA Vol. 32 No. 2, 2025 186 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Proximate Composition Analysis ANOVA results indicated significant differences (P < 0.05) in starch, protein, tannin, and amylose contents among sorghum varieties and across growing seasons. Keywords: amylose; analysis; bioguma; bonteb; composition; content; food; protein; proximate; season; sorghum; starch; tannin; varieties
• DNA BARCODE CHARACTERIZATION OF MISTLETOE INFESTATION IN TEAK CLONAL SEED ORCHARD (CSO) IN PADANGAN, EAST JAVA PROVINCE, INDONESIA by Muttaqin, Zainal; Budi, Sri Wilarso; Wasis, Basuki; Corryanti, Corryanti; Siregar, Iskandar Zulkarnaen (2017) - Moreover, it is known that matK region has a longer average sequence length than rbcL region. Analysis of intra and interspecific distances showed a barcoding gap in Santalaceae (V. articulatum) using matK region (Fig. 4) and Loranthaceae using rbcL region (Fig. 5). Keywords: analysis; articulatum; barcode; dna; leaf; matk; mistletoe; pentandra; rbcl; region; species; study; table; teak; tetragonus; viscum
• TAXOMETRICS CLASSIFICATION (HIERARCHICAL AND ORDINATION) OF AQUATIC AND SEMI-AQUATIC MOSSES: A PRELIMINARY MODEL TO BRYODIVERSITY MANAGEMENT by LOO, MIN JET; CASILLAS, T. A. DELVALLS; DIAZ, L. MARTIN (2011) - 15 NO. 2, 2008 137 or bluish(0-no,1-yes,2-others); (7)Plant: prostate to erect(0-no,1-yes,2-others); (8)Plant branching form(0-simple to pinnately branched,1-others); (9)Rarity of plant(0-rare to common,1-others); (10)Plant: terete or julaceous form(0-no,1-yes,2-others); (11)Plant: means of asexual reproduction(0- without,1-with,2-without or with,3-others); (12)Plant: coarseness(0-not coarse,1-coarse,2-others); (13)Plant with fl attened shoots(0-no,1-yes,2-others); (14)Autoicous (autoecious)(0-without archegonia and antheridia in separate infl uorescences,1-with archegonia and antheridia in separate infl uorescences,2-others); (15)Plant with innovative branches beneath infl orescences(0-no,1-rare,2- often,3-others); (16)Plant: more than 5mm(0-no,1-yes,2-others); (17)Rhizoids(0-obvious/with rhizodal tubers,1-not obvious,2-others; (18)Leaves unbordered by row of cells(0-no,1-yes,2-others); (19)Leaf bordered by(0-elongate cells,1-smooth cells,2-others); (20)Leaf sheathing(0-rarely,1-often,2- others); (21)Leaf costa ending below the apex to excurrent(0-no,1-yes,2-others); (22)Leaf without hair-points(0-no,1-yes,2-others); (23)Leaf hair-points(0-hyaline,1-others); (24)Leaves all of one kind(0-no,1-yes,2-others); (25)Leaves direction(0-homomallous,1-others); (26)Leaves arrangement(0- attached all around the stem,1-attached in two rows on opposite sides of the stem (distichous),2- others); (27)Leaf lamina(0-conspicious,1-others); (28)Leaf lamina unistratose(0-no,1-yes,2-others); (29)Leaf layer(0-unistratose,1-multistratose,2-unistratose to multistratose,3-others); (30)Leaves inconspiciously ranked(0-no,1-yes,2-others); (31)Leaves apex(0-ovate to spatulate,1-others); (32)Leaves tip(0-acuminate to acute (awned),1-others); (33)Leaves(0-various,1-undulate,2-straight or straight when dry,3-plicate or deeply plicate,4-plicate or not,5-concave,6-others); (34)Leaf (dorsal view)(0-keeled or fl at,1-others); (35)Leaves position(0-at extreme apex,1-others); (36)Leaf alteration(0- little altered when dry,1-others); (37)Adaxial surface of the leaf costa(0-without lamellae or fi laments,1- with lamellae or fi laments,2-broadly channeled or fl at,3-others); (38)Leaf without cancellinae(0-no,1- yes,2-others); (39)Spreading leaves(0-without,1-with,2-with and wide,3-others); (40)Diff erentiation of branch and stem leaves(0-strongly,1-weakly/scarcely,2-others); (41)Apical cells of branch leaves(0- about 1/2 length of those at midleaf,1-scarcely shorter than those at midleaf,2-others); (42)Leaf bases(0-without cancellinae,1-with cancellinae,2-others); (43)Leaf base with appear split(0-no,1- yes,2-others); (44)Sheathing base of leaves(0-without,1-rarely,2-with,3-others); (45)Concave leaf bases(0-not concave,1-not concave and with a narrow insertion,2-with,3-others); (46)Leaf longer than 1mm(0-no,1-yes,2-others); (47)Leaf cross-section(0-recurved only on one side,1-plane to recurved,2- recurved to revolute,3-revolute,4-others); (48)Leaf bases never or gradually expanded(0-no,1-yes,2- others); (49)Propagula in leaf apices(0-without,1-with,2-others); (50)Leaf apices at extreme apex(0- margins entire or papillose-crenulate,1-others); (51)Leaf apices(0-acuminate to bluntly acute,1- cuspidate,2-cuspidate to piliferous,3-without piliferous or aristate (awn),4-with piliferous or aristate (awn),5-others); (52)Channeled leaf apices(0-no,1-yes,2-others); (53)Leaf cell diametry(0- isodiametric,1-more or less isodiametric,2-others); (54)Leaf cell surface(0-fl at, smooth and papillose,1- smooth, bulging or prorulose,2-smooth,3-papillose or prorulose,4-smooth and papillose,5-fl at,6- papillose (uni to pluri) or prorulose,7-rarely with minute cuticular roughenings,8-others); (55)Leaf cell type(0-one type,1-others); (56)Leaf cell colour(0-green,1-others); (57)Size of leaf cells(0-shorts,1- longs,2-others); (58)Relative size of leaf cells(zero.1(-2):1,one.above about 3:1 or longer,two.4:1 or less,three.1-4(-5),four.more than 10:1,fi ve.(3-)4:1 or longer,six.others); (59)Relative size of upper leaf cells(zero. Key words: aquatic mosses, semi-aquatic mosses, cluster analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), classifi cation *Corresponding author: loominjet@googlemail.com BIOTROPIA VOL. 15 NO. 2, 2008 : 135 - 154 136 INTRODUCTION Bryodiversity management is a new discipline in management science. Keywords: analysis; brid; bryum; characters; eurhynchium; fissidens; hedw; hians; leptodictyum; mosses; no,1; node; pohlia; schimp; table; yes,2

• RESPONSE OF TWO SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L.) GENOTYPES TO VA-MYCORRHIZAL INOCULATION AND PHOSPHORUS LEVELS by V.C. PATIL, C.P. CHANDRASHEKARA,; PATIL, V.C.; SREENIVASA, M.N. (2024) - Iqbal and Qureshi (1977) reported that mycorrhizal sunflower plants were taller, stouter, had more numerous larger leaves and bore bigger capitulum producing viable seeds than non-mycorrhizal plants. High P levels in soil or P additions are known to reduce VAM colonization of roots and sporulation (Sreenivasa and Bagyaraj 1989). Keywords: mycorrhizal; p2o5; plants; sunflower
• TREES PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES TO AIR POLLUTION IN TAMAN MARGASATWA RAGUNAN AND UI DEPOK CAMPUS by HAMID, DIANA SELVIA; YULIATI, RATNA; PUTRIKA, AFIATRY (2022) - Air pollution tolerance index (APTI) values illustrate the level of plants tolerance to air pollution. Assessment of air pollution tolerance index (APTI) for some ornamental woody species in green space of humid temperate region (Rasht, Iran). Keywords: air; apti; content; depok; plants; pollution; species; tmr
• SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF INVASIVE PLANTS IN BANDUNG, WEST JAVA, INDONESIA by Rahmawati, Rahmawati; Rosleine, Dian (2023) - Data gathered (invasive species number and composition on each land use type, relations between invasive species with the land use, and distribution map of the ten most dominant invasive species in Bandung) can serve as early detection of the invasiveness of each species. Keywords: Bandung, interpolation, invasive species, species mapping, urban area INTRODUCTION Alien species are brought or accidentally brought into an ecosystem unnaturally. Keywords: areas; bandung; community; distribution; fields; gardens; lanes; paddy; plants; settlements; species; street; urban; use
• THE THE EFFICACY OF BACTERIAL AND FUNGAL ANTAGONIST SUSPENSIONS IN CONTROLLING FOLIAR MILDEW DISEASE IN ZUCCHINI PLANTS: - by Ramona, Yan; A. Line, Martin; Septiari, I Gusti Ayu Agung; Darmayasa, Ida Bagus Gede; Agung Panji Dwipayana, I Dewa; Shetty, Kalidas (2025) - Bacterial and fungal biocontrol agents for plant disease protection: journey from lab to field, current status, challenges, and global perspectives. Climate change impacts on plant pathogens, food security and paths forward. Keywords: 2020; antagonists; antibioticus; biocontrol; compost; control; disease; doi; downy; et al; mildew; pathogen; plants; td22; trichoderma
• ANATOMICAL CHARACTERS OF Aquilaria microcarpa INTERACTING WITH Fusarium sp. by Siburian, Rima HS; Siregar, Ulfah J.; Siregar, Iskandar Z.; Santoso, Erdy; Wahyudi, Imam (2014) - In case of inoculated plants, the color of wood especially around the injection area is slightly darker than that of inoculated plants. Response of inoculated plant to the infection of sp. occurred at cellular level, tissues or organs. Keywords: agarwood; aquilaria; characteristics; compounds; fusarium; microcarpa; phloem; plants; wood
• PHENOTYPIC AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF MULTISHOOTS DEVELOPMENT IN TRANSGENIC Phalaenopsis amabilis (L.) Blume HARBORING 35S::KNAT1 (KNOTTED-LIKE Arabidopsis thaliana 1) by Saputro, Triono Bagus; Semiarti, Endang; Purwantoro, Aziz (2018) - The aims of this research were to analyze the stability of transgenic plant P. amabilis harboring 35S::KNAT1 based on morpho-genomic characterization. The 35S::KNAT1 transgenes and phytohormone were independently involved in multishoots formation of P. amabilis transgenic plants. Keywords: amabilis; gene; kanamycin; knat1; leaves; medium; np0; phalaenopsis; plants; protein; shoot; sim; transgenic
• POLLINATION EFFECTIVENESS OF APIS CERANA FABRICUS AND APIS MELLIFERA LINNAEUS (HYMENOPTERA: APIDAE) IN JATROPHA CURCAS L. (EUPHORBIACEAE) by ATMOWIDI, TRI; RIYANTI, PUJI; SUTRISNA, ANDENG (2011) - Control plants A. cerana A. mellifera Open plants Number of fruits per plant 17a (+7.94) 19a (+11.93) 16a (+12.15) 5a (+5.13) Number of fruits per raceme 2.04a(+1.65) 3.05a (+1.75) 2.45a (+1.47) 2.29a (+1.25) Number of seeds per fruit 2.76a (+0.51) 2.61a (+0.50) 2.47a (+0.63) 2.63a (+0.52) Seed weight (g) 0.47ac (+0.17) 0.39b (+0.14) 0.51a (+0.16) 0.41cb(+0.11) Th e plant produces fl owers in racemose infl orescences, with dichasial cyme pattern. Keywords: cerana; fruits; mellifera; plants; pollination

• PREGNANT AND LACTATING Macaca nigra: BEHAVIOR AND FOOD SELECTION by Perwitasari-Farajallah, Dyah; Eka , Arismayanti; Indira Nurul , Qomariah; Andre , Pasetha; Dewi Apri , Astuti; James O. , Waterman (2022) - The behavior was also shown by a study conducted by Pasetha et al. (2019) that M. nigra females had the highest feeding activity during the pregnancy period. Our study showed that the foraging, social and locomotion activities of M. nigra females decreased with the gestation period progressed, while the resting activity was significantly rising. Keywords: activities; activity; behavior; feeding; females; food; fruit; lactating; lactation; macaca; nigra; period; pregnancy
• SYNERGISTIC ACTIVITY OF ENZYMES PRODUCED BY EUPENICILLIUM JAVANICUM AND ASPERGILLUS NIGER NRRL 337 ON PALM OIL FACTORY WASTES by PURWADARIA, TRESNAWATI; NIRWANA, NONI; KETAREN, Pius P.; PRADONO, DYAH ISWANTINI; WIDYASTUTI, YANTYATI (2011) - Without synergistic activity the reducing sugars produced from the 80% of A. niger (86.4 uj/ml) and 20% of E. javanicum (17.8 uj/ml) would be 104.2 uj/ml. Saccharification (hydrolytic) activities of enzyme mixtures on PKC and POME were determined at pH 5.0, the optimal pH for p-D-mannanase from E. javanicum, and at 5.4 the optimal pH for a-D-galactosidase from E. javanicum and P-D-glucosidase from A. niger NRRL 337. Keywords: activity; enzyme; javanicum; niger; pkc; pome
• ISOLATION AND SELECTION OF ALKALINE PROTEOLYTIC BACTERIA FROM LEATHER PROCESSING WASTE AND ENZYME CHARACTERIZATION by WAHYUNTARI, BUDIASIH; MUBARIK, NISA R; ANGGARANi, MARITA (2011) - Protease assay Protease activity was measured using a method suggested by Walter (1984). 30 Isolation and selection of alkaline proteolytic bacteria - Budiasih Wahyuntari et al. Effect of pH and temperature studies The effect of pH on protease activity produced by the selected isolates was determined at 37°C in 50 mM Tris-HCl buffer at pH 7-8 and in Glycine-NaOH at pH 9-11. Keywords: activity; alkaline; enzyme; isolates; protease
• ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MANNANOLYTIC THERMOPHILIC BACTERIA FROM PALM OIL SHELL AND THEIR MANNANASE ENZYME PRODUCTION PROPERTIES by SUWANTO, ANTONIUS; SUMARDI; HENAWIDJAJA, MAGGY T; URWADARIA, T RESNAWATI P (2011) - Then the bacteria were screened for mannanase activity on selected medium agar plate containing locust bean gum at 70oC with pH 7.0. Only isolate L-07 showed mannanase activity. Keywords: activity; bean; enzyme; gum; l-07; mannanase; medium; palm; stearothermophilus
• A REVIEW OF MARINE NATURAL PRODUCTS AS POTENTIAL SOURCE OF ANTIOXIDANTS by Hinampas, Rhesa; Walag, Angelo Mark (2024) - Due to the growing need https://doi.org/10.11598/btb.2024.31.2.2250 Marine Natural Products as Potential Source of Antioxidants - Hinampas et al. 439 by the food and pharmaceutical industries to produce natural bioactive anti-carcinogenic and anti-aging substances which provide significant health benefits, antioxidant activity has become intensively discussed and the focus of significant research (Balakrishnan et al. 2014). According to the analysis, flavonoids, alkaloids, and steroids are the metabolites responsible for antioxidant activity. Keywords: activity; algae; antioxidant; bioactive; compounds; dpph; et al; extracts; figure; marine; potential; products; research; source; study
• TAXONOMIC DESCRIPTION AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF DILLENIA sp. AGAINST ESCHERICHIA coli by Martina, Shiena Mae; Cabalquinto, Gene Patrish; Lumogdang, Leonel (2024) - Collection and Identification of Dillenia sp. Samples of Dillenia sp. bark were collected from mature trees located in Sitio Maylaya. Dillenia sp. bark was powdered using a mortar and pestle and prepared 100 g powdered bark sample. Keywords: activity; bark; coli; concentrations; dillenia; dillenia sp; extract; ppm; study
• A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON THE THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY OF CURCUMIN AND ITS NANOFORMULATIONS: Bioactive role of curcumin in diseases prevention by Nayila, Iffat; Sharif, Sumaira; sarwar, muhammad; atta khan, Faima; Zaheer, Saima; iqbal, aasma (2025) - According to the reported literature, nano-gels, nanoemulsions, and nano-creams loaded with curcumin nanoparticles have been proposed for the management of several diseases. Preclinical studies also suggest that curcumin nanoparticles may offer neuroprotective effects in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases, by reducing oxidative stress and preventing protein aggregation (Kumararaja et al. 2023). Keywords: 2020; activities; activity; anticancer; antioxidant; cancer; cell; curcuma; curcumin; doi; drug; effects; et al; longa; nanoparticles; potential; properties; review; stress; treatment
• IN SILICO STUDY OF JATI (Tectona grandis) LEAF CONSTITUENTS AS TRADITIONAL WOUND CARE by Krisnamurti, Gabriella Chandrakirana; Sukmaningsih, Anak Agung Sagung Alit; Primiani, Cicilia Novi (2025) - Molecular docking result showed the optimum binding of T. grandis leaf bioactive compounds toward EGFR-1 (Table 6). Binding of T. grandis leaf bioactive compounds to the active sites of EGFR-1 may stimulate the activation of EGFR-1 for cell migration and proliferation, leading to re-epithelialization and dermal maturation (Repertinger et al. 2004; Shin et al. 2022). Keywords: activity; binding; bioactive; bioactive compounds; bond; cinnamate; compounds; doi; epigallocatechin; et al; extract; grandis; grandis leaf; healing; hydrogen; hydrogen bond; hydrophobic; leaf; mmp-9; process; study; t. grandis; tectograndinol; wound
• POWDER FORMULATION OF ANTAGONISTS YEASTS, Cryptococcus albidus AND Cryptococcus terreus AS BIOFUNGICIDES by Wiyono, Suryo (2013) - solani C. albidus C. terreus L. theobromae A. solani C albidus, C. terreus C albidus C. terreus C. albidus C. terreus and ., and 4) to obtain optimum solid formulation in combination with yeasts, carrier material and additives Antagonistic yeasts used were and obtained from the author's collection. Kinay and Yildiz (2007) stated that talc in granular formulation is able to provide storability of antagonistic yeasts and for more than 6 months. Keywords: activity; additives; c. albidus; c. terreus; carrier; formulation; materials; powder; talc; yeast
• CELLULASE PRODUCTION BY Bacillus subtilis M1 USING PRETREATED GROUNDNUT SHELL–BASED LIQUID STATE FERMENTATION by Vyas, Ashish Kr; Putatunda, Chayanika; Singh, Joginder; Vyas, Deepak (2016) - ++ It was observed that 2% substrate concentration, 1 mM calcium concentration were optimum for cellulase production. Fermentation Medium (Submerged) Mandels and Reese medium (Mandels & Reese 1957)was used for cellulase production. Keywords: activity; cellulase; concentration; exoglucanase; groundnut; production; shell; subtilis
• EFFECT OF CULTURE PARAMETERS ON PROTEASE AND CELLULASE PRODUCTION BY TWO BACTERIAL STRAINS, Corynebacterium alkanolyticum ATH3 AND Bacillus licheniformis CBH7 ISOLATED FROM FISH GUT by Banerjee, Goutam; Nandi, Ankita; Ray, Arun Kumar (2017) - In recent years, the effects of nitrogen sources on bacterial protease production have also been reported by several researchers (Ray et al. 2012b; Protease production reached the optimum level using Bacillus cereus AT at 120% moisture content (Vijayaraghavan et al. 2014). Keywords: activity; ath3; bacillus; banerjee; cbh7; cellulase; cellulase production; effect; enzyme; et al; licheniformis; production; protease; ray; sources
• USING STREPTOMYCES XYLANASE TO PRODUCE XYLOOLIGOSACHARIDE FROM CORNCOB by MERYANDINI, ANJA; SUNARTI, TITI CANDRA; NAOMI, APRILIA; MUTIA, FERY (2011) - Xylanase activities from Streptomyces SKK1-8 on (A) Hawaii corncob xylan and (B) Bisma corncob xylan compared with oat spelt xylan Th e production of xylanase in 0.5% oat spelt xylan was compared with the production in several concentrations of corncob xylan. Xylanase activity was measured with oat-spelt xylan as a substrate. Keywords: 234p-16; activity; bisma; cation; corncob; hawaii; production; skk1; strain; streptomyces; xylan; xylanase

• PRODUCTION AND UTILIZATION OF CELLULASE FROM TRICHODERMA VIRIDE by SURYAHADI, SURYAHADI; HIDAYAT, R.; HIDAYAT, R.; WULANDARI, S.; WULANDARI, S.; WIRYAWAN, K.G.; WIRYAWAN, K.G. (2011) - The increase in pH of rice straw silage treated with CETV follows the linear equation of Y=3.696+ 0.0072X. In general, rice straw silage pH was very good, i.e. under 4. The dry matter content of rice straw silage treated with enzymes (P1, P2, P3 and P4) was not significantly different from dry matter of untreated rice straw silage. Keywords: cellulase; cetv; content; enzyme; matter; production; rice straw; silage; straw silage
• INTEGRATION OF NPP SEMI MECHANISTIC - MODELLING, REMOTE SENSING AND CIS IN ESTIMATING CO2 ABSORPTION OF FOREST VEGETATION IN LORE LINDU NATIONAL PARK by JUNE, TANIA; IBROM, ANDREAS; GRAVENHORsr (2011) - Key words : NPP Semi-mechanistic model, photosynthesis, carbon sequestration, net primary-production, tropical forest 22 BIOTROPIA VOL. Comparing global models of terrestrial net primary productivity: the importance of water availability. Keywords: carbon; co2; data; global; leaf; model; national; net; npp; photosynthesis; primary; production; temperature
• GENETIC VARIATION, HERITABILITY AND CORRELATION BETWEEN RESIN PRODUCTION CHARACTER OF Pinus merkusii HIGH RESIN YIELDER (HRY) IN CIJAMBU SEEDLING SEED ORCHARD (SSO) by Iswanto, Arida Susilowati; Supriyanto, Supriyanto; Siregar, Iskandar Z.; Wahyudi, Imam; Corryanti, Corryanti (2014) - For high resin production heritability values, Wenger (1984); Burczyk (1998); Kassuth (1984); Mergen 1955, Gill (1998) explained that resin production character is controlled by gene. Several researches on conducted in early establishment of Seedling Seed Orchard (SSO) in Java and other pine species showed that resin production character has high heritability value, but specific information of Cijambu SSO is not determined yet. Keywords: character; correlation; diameter; genetic; heritability; level; production; resin; resin production; tree; value; variation
• HIGH TURBIDITY AFFECTS FILTRATION RATE AND PSEUDOFAECES PRODUCTION OF THE MUD CLAM Polymesoda erosa (Solander 1876) (Bivalvia: Corbiculidae) by Argente, Francis Albert Tabo; Cesar, Senona A.; Cesar, Senona A.; Dy, Danilo T.; Dy, Danilo T. (2014) - Filtration rates significantly increased with higher turbidity concentration up to 750 mg/L ( < 0.05). The filtering activity and pseudofaeces production in the population tended to escalate at higher turbidity concentrations up to 750 mg/L. Size is a non-factor in its physiological responses suggesting high survivability in disturbed, CONCLUSIONS 79 turbid waters compared to other bivalves. Keywords: clam; concentration; erosa; et al; filter; filtration; p. erosa; philippines; production; pseudofaeces; size; turbidity
• PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BIOSURFACTANTS PRODUCED BY Pseudomonas aeruginosa B031 ISOLATED FROM A HYDROCARBON PHYTOREMEDIATION FIELD by Retnaningrum, Endah; Wilopo, Wahyu (2018) - et al et al The differences in the hydrocarbon removal ability are influenced by the plant species, which create unique habitats for the soil microbial population (Cristaldi . 2017). et al et al 2018). Keywords: aeruginosa; b031; biosurfactant; carbon; crude; culture; glycerol; hydrocarbon; oil; production; pseudomonas; sources; strain; surface; tension
• SOILS FROM CULTIVATED STANDS OF SHOREA JAVANICA by SKHFFINGTON, M.J. SHEEHY (2024) - SOILS FROM CULTIVATED STANDS OF SHOREA JAVANICA M.J. SHEEHY SKHFFINGTON* Tropical Forest Biology Program, BIOTROP, Bogor, Indonesia Keywords: Soils, Shorea javanica, Sumatra ABSTRACT Soils from Shorea javanica plantations in different parts of Lampung province, South Sumatra were sampled to a depth of 50 cm and described. Resin is not always abundantly provided at all existing sites and this may be a function of environmental factors, such as soil, local climate or topography. Keywords: javanica; ngaras; production; resin; sites; soils

• YEAST PROBIOTICS WITH POTENTIAL TO ASSIMILATE CHOLESTEROL IN VITRO by RAMONA, YAN; ARIWATHI, NI LUH PUTU (2022) - Yeast probiotics with potential to assimilate cholesterol in-vitro – Ramona and Ariwathi 269 The chromatogram confirmed that all yeast isolates obtained in our present study are safe and have the possibility to be developed as potential probiotics without harming human or cattle as their hosts. Table 1 Growth of yeast isolates at pH 7 after being exposed to low pH conditions Isolate codes Optical density at 660 nm (OD660)* Control (pH 6.5) Keywords: + +; acid; cholesterol; doi; human; isolates; nadc; potential; probiotics; tract; yeast
• INDIGENOUS BACILLUS SPECIES ISOLATED FROM AEDES AEGYPTI LARVAE: ISOLATION, LARVICIDAL TOXICITY SCREENING, PHENOTYPIC CHARACTERIZATION, AND MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION by Salamun; Rizky Danang Susetyo; Hakimatul Husniyah; Almando Geraldi; Ni’matuzahroh; Fatimah; Farah Aisyah Nafidiastri; Nabilatun Nisa’; Salamy, Muhammad Fath Alhaqqi Sanis (2023) - 2B) were conducted at turbidity of 0.80 (OD600nm) from cultures of Bacillus sp. isolates. Table 2 Phenotypic characterizations based on the physiological tests of Bacillus sp. isolates coded LSD4.2, LS9.1, and Keywords: aedes; aegypti; aegypti larvae; bacillus; bacillus sp; et al; isolates; larvae; larvicidal; mojavensis; potential; results; species; subtilis; thuringiensis; toxicity
• SURVEILLANCE OF β-LACTAMASE GENES OF SALMONELLA FROM CHICKEN IN WET MARKETS OF METRO MANILA, PHILIPPINES by Madayag, Miles; Pavon, Rance Derrick; Mora, Jonah Feliza; Balaga, Khristine; Rivera, Windell (2024) - Emergence of resistance genes in fecal samples of antibiotic-treated Philippine broilers emphasizes the need to review local farming practices. The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 31 No. 2, 2024: 339 - 348 DOI: 10.11598/btb.2024.31.2.2207 ISSN: 0215-6334 | e-ISSN: 1907-770X 339 SURVEILLANCE OF β-LACTAMASE GENES AND ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE IN Salmonella sp. FROM CHICKEN MEATS TRADED IN WET MARKETS OF METRO MANILA, PHILIPPINES Miles G. Madayag, Rance Derrick N. Pavon, Jonah Feliza B. Mora, Khristine B. Balaga, and Windell L. Rivera* Pathogen-Host-Environment Interactions Research Laboratory, Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines ARTICLE HIGLIGHTS • blaCTX-M gene in 24.7% while blaTEM gene in 11.2% of Salmonella isolates. • Coexistence of blaCTX-M groups II and IV in all blaCTX-M-positive isolates. • Dominance of blaCTX-M corroborated with phenotypic β-lactam resistances. Keywords: amr; blactx; blashv; blatem; enterica; et al; genes; groups; isolates; lactamase; pcr; resistance; salmonella
• IDENTIFICATION OF Aspergillus flavus AND DETECTION OF ITS AFLATOXIN GENES ISOLATED FROM PEANUT AND PEANUT PROCESSED PRODUCTS by Nagur, Kemala S.; Sukarno, Nampiah; Listiyowati, Sri (2014) - Fungal identification was carried out using morphological characteristics and species specific primers of FVAVIQ1/FLAQ2 and AFLA-F/AFLA-R,while detection of aflatoxin genes employed four specific primers of apa-2 (,aflK), nor-1 (aflD), ver-1 {aflM) and omt-1 (aflP). Keywords: aflatoxin genes,AFPA, Aspergillusflavus, peanut, species specific primers INTRODUCTION Peanut is an important agriculture commodity after rice, maize and soybean in Indonesia. Keywords: aflatoxin; aspergillus; biosynthesis; detection; flavus; genes; isolates; kernels; peanut; primers; products; species
• ANTAGONISTIC EFFECT OF FOUR FUNGAL ISOLATES TO GANODERMA BONINENSE, THE CAUSAL AGENT OF BASAL STEM ROT OF OIL PALM by DHARMAPUTRA, OKKY SETYAWATI (2024) - Combination of treatment Average of inhibition*) (Pathogen vs. antagonist) (%) Ganoderma boninense vs. Trichoderma harzianum 28.96 a isolate GB isolate BIO - 2 G. boninense isolate GD vs. T. viride 37.71 b G. boninense isolate GB vs. T. viride 38.57 b G. boninense isolate GA vs. T. harzianum isolate BIO- 1 39.53 be G. boninense isolate GA vs. T. harzianum isolate BIO-2 39.62 be G. boninense isolate GD vs. T. harzianum isolate BIO- 1 40.29 be G. boninense isolate GB vs. T. harzianum isolate BIO- 1 41.57 be G. boninense isolate GA vs. T. viride 41.84 be G. boninense isolate GD vs. T. harzianum isolate BIO-2 45.18 c *) Keywords: boninense; harzianum; isolates; pathogen; trichoderma

• COMPARISON OF THREE DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES OF GENE TRANSFER IN HUMPBACK GROUPER ( ) CROMILEPTES ALTIVELIS by SUMANTADINATA, KOMAR; SUBYAKTO, SLAMET; ALIMUDDIN; RUSTIDJA; JATI, M. SASMITO; FAIZAL, IRVAN; ALIAH, RATU SITI; TRIASTUTIK, GEMI (2024) - Transfast was an effective DNA delivery reagent for humpback grouper sperm. Any compounds of JetPei may be toxic for humpback grouper sperm. Keywords: dna; electroporation; embryos; gene; grouper; humpback; pcr; sperm; transfection; transgenic
• A NOVEL INTEGRON IN THE GENOME OF ESCHERICHIA COLI ISOLATED FROM INDONESIAN MONITOR LIZARD (VARANUS SPP). by PUSPITASARI, ESTI; SUWANTO, ANTONIUS; MALIK, AMARILA; ERDELEN, WALTER (2011) - Expression of antibiotic resistance genes in the integrated cassettes of integrons. PCR mapping of integrons reveals several novel combinations of resistant genes. Keywords: antibiotic; coli; dna; gene; integron; resistance
• MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF EGG PARASITOID, TELENOMUS SPP. (HYMENOPTERA: SCELIONIDAE) FROM SEVERAL LOCATIONS IN JAVA USING RAPD-PCR by YULIARTI, NETTI; HIDAYAT, PURNAMA; BUCHORI, DAMAYANTI (2024) - Although only slight differences occur between each Telenomus species, our results showed that RAPD procedures can reveal species-specific banding pattern that can be used for a rapid and easy identification of Telenomus species. Telenomus species (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) attacking eggs of pyralid pest (Lepidoptera) in Africa: a review and guide top identification. Keywords: bands; dna; pcr; populations; rapd; species; telenomus
• MITOCHONDRIAL DNA VARIATION OF THE SUMATRAN ELEPHANT IN SUMATERA by Sulandari, Sri (2013) - Therefore, information on status and distribution of Sumatran elephant populations, including information on genetic diversity of the remaining populations are urgently needed to determine conservation policy. SYAMSUL ARIFIN ZEIN Recipient of Biotrop Research Grant 2010/Accepted 11 September 2012 Genetic analysis of Mitochondrial DNA diversity in Sumatran elephant ( ) was conducted. Keywords: dna; e b; elephant; et al; haplotype; sumatran
• CLONING OF A GENE ENCODING PROTEIN BELONGING TO ABC TRANSPORTER INVOLVED IN BACTERIAL MAGNETIC PARTICLE SYNTHESIS IN MAGNETOSPIRILLUM MAGNETICUM AMB-1 by TRI WAHYUDI, ARIS (2024) - Analysis of hydrophilicity plot of the protein deduced from ORF4 using an algorithm Kite- Doolittle showed that ORF4 protein possessed 10 putative hydrophobic transmembrane α helixes (data not shown). pLysS. Th is gene encoded protein had homology with ABC transporter. Keywords: amb-1; coli; dna; gene; magneticum; orf4; protein; sequence; synthesis; transposon

• PHYTOTOXICITY AND FIELD EFFICACY OF EXSEROHILUM LONGIROSTRA JC/MIN THE CONTROL OF BARNYARDGRASS ECOTYPES (ECHINOCHLOA CRUS-GALLI VAR. CRUS-GALLI(L.) BEAUV) by JURAIMI, ABDUL SHUKOR; TASRIF, ARIFIN; KADIR, JUGAH; NAPIS, SUHAIMI; SASTROUTOMO, SOETIKNO SLAMET (2011) - Each bucket was planted with pre-germinated seeds of barnyardgrass ecotypes. Barnyardgrass ecotypes (PK-04, M-01, L-01, B-04 and SS- 01) were selected as factor one, while the frequency of applications (single, double and triple applications) was selected as the second factor. Keywords: barnyardgrass; control; disease; ecotypes; exserohilum; field; leaf; longirostratum
• DIVERSITY OF Citrus spp. FROM PENAJAM PASER UTARA, EAST KALIMANTAN BASED ON MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS by Oktavianingsih, Linda; Crisdayanti, Noviana; Arif, Muhammad Fauzi; Hendra, Medi (2024) - Species, such as Citrus × amblycarpa (Hassk) Ochse “Jeruk Saring”, Citrus × aurantium L. “Jeruk Hantu”, Citrus hystrix DC. Jeruk Bali, Citrus × microcarpa Bunge Jeruk Kalamansi, and Citrus × aurantium L cv. Keywords: apex; aurantium; citrus; citrus spp; color; doi; foodstuffs; fruit; green; jeruk; leaf; mesocarp; north; orange; penajam; shape; spp
• THE LIGHT GRADIENTS INSIDE SOYBEAN LEAVES AND THEIR EFFECT ON THE CURVATURE FACTOR OF THE LIGHT RESPONSE CURVES OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS by JUNE, TANIA (2011) - The rate of electron transport, J, follows the equation by Farquhar & Wong (l984): ∞ 31 BIOTROPIA NO. 25, 2005 ( ) J Ia J Ia J Ia J = + − + −2 2 2 24 2 max max maxΘ Θ (7) where Jmax is the maximum light-saturated rate of electron transport of the leaf (μmol m-2 s-1), Θ is the curvature factor of the light response curve that varies from 0 (rectangular hyperbola) to 1 (two straight lines quasi Blackman), a2 is the quantum yield (in terms of incident PAR) of electron transport at low light and I is the light intensity (μmol m-2 s-1) incident on the leaf. Leverenz (1988) found that Θ values increased as the leaf acclimated to the light environment inside an integrating sphere (measurement was done at ambient CO2 concentration). Keywords: co2; jmax; leaf; leaves; light; response; surface; value; μmol
• THE PRESERVATION OF MILK WITH THE ADDITION OF ANTIBACTERIAL AND AROMATIC SUPPLEMENTS PRODUCED IN INDONESIA by Khusniati, Tatik; Widyastuti, Yantyati (2008) - The organoleptic performances of skim and whole milk with the addition of antibacterial and aromatic supplements, at 5 days before the expiry date No. Antibacterial and aromatic supplements Whole milk Skim milk 1 Honey > acceptable > acceptable 2 Cinnamon > acceptable acceptable 3 Citronella > acceptable > acceptable 4 Ginger > acceptable > acceptable 5 Radish unacceptable unacceptable 6 Turmeric > acceptable < acceptable 7 Galingale > acceptable acceptable 8 Zingiber acceptable < acceptable 9 Wild ginger acceptable < acceptable 10 Nutmeg acceptable < acceptable 11 Cardamon unacceptable unacceptable 12 Cumin < acceptable unacceptable 13 Pepper > acceptable acceptable 14 Garlic < acceptable < acceptable 15 Clove acceptable < acceptable 57 The preservation of milk - T. Khusniati & Y. Widyastuti No. Antibacterial and aromatic supplements Whole milk Skim milk 16 Javanoni unacceptable unacceptable 17 Galangale > acceptable acceptable 18 Green tea acceptable acceptable 19 Laurellike > acceptable < acceptable 20 Bamboo leaf > acceptable acceptable 21 Banana leaf > acceptable acceptable 22 Guava leaf > acceptable acceptable 23 Avocado leaf > acceptable acceptable 24 Betel vine acceptable acceptable 25 Celery < acceptable < acceptable 26 Garlic leaf < acceptable unacceptable 27 Aloe vera > acceptable > acceptable 28 Milk (control) > acceptable > acceptable Notes: > acceptable (>2.65); acceptable (≥ 2.50); < acceptable (≥2.00); unacceptable (<2.00) The better organoleptic performances of the 15 acceptable whole milk than that of skim, at 5 days before the expiry date (Table 1), may be due to the higher lipid contents of the acceptable whole milk than that of the skim which may result in the better organoleptic performances of acceptable whole milk than that of skim. Keywords: activities; aromatic; date; leaf; milk; skim; skim milk; storage; supplements

• PRODUCTION STRUCTURE OF MAIN COMMERCIAL TREE SPECIES IN A MANGROVE FOREST IN EAST SUMATERA, INDONESIA by KUSMANA, CECEP (2011) - The aboveground biomass of sample trees of R. apiculata, B. sexangula and B. parviflora were estimated at 381 kg d.wt, 387.70 kg d.wt and 296.36 kg d.wt, respectively. BIOTROPIA No. 5, 1991/1992: 1-9 PRODUCTION STRUCTURE OF MAIN COMMERCIAL TREE SPECIES IN A MANGROVE FOREST IN EAST SUMATERA, INDONESIA CECEP KUSMANA*) Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia and HIROYUKI WATANABE Faculty of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606, Japan ABSTRACT Production structure of main commercial tree species was studied in a mangrove forest in East Sumatera, Indonesia. Keywords: apiculata; sexangula; species; tree
• FEEDING ECOLOGY OF TREE-CLIMBING MANGROVE SESARMID CRABS FROM LUZON, PHILIPPINES by TEVAR MASAGCA, JIMMY (2024) - Feeding ecology as to dependence on mangroves, arboreal climbing skills and burrowing behavior Specimens of mangrove crabs were collected by handpicking and with the use of scoop nets and locally made traps. The feeding habits of mangrove crabs have been divided into seven groups by Jones (1984): herbivore, carnivore, omnivore, deposit feeder, omnivore/deposit feeder, specialized filterer, and filterer/omnivore. Keywords: climbing; crabs; ecology; feeding; leaves; mangrove; marine; perisesarma; sesarmid; species; study; tree

• INTRASPECIFIC VARIATIONS OF 16S MITOCHONDRIAL GENE SEQUENCES OF YELLOW RICE STEM BORER,scirpopbaga incertulas (LEPIDOPTERA: CRAMBIDAE) FROM WEST JAVA by RAFFIUDIN, RIKA; WINNIE, RUTH MARTHA; SAMUDRA, I MADE (2024) - This is due to the morphology of rice stem borers larvae which show slightly differences between yellow and white rice stem borers, hence careful examination is needed (Amir 2004). Database of mitochondrial variations from rice stem borer can be applied for further monitoring strategy to examine the dynamic population of the stem borer, to seek both the origin of this pest and the relationships among other species of rice stem borer. Keywords: 16s; borer; gene; incertulas; rice; stem
• HETEROLOGOUS EXPRESSION OF A CHITINASE GENE FROM AEROMONAS CAVIAEIN PSEUDOMONAS FLUORESCENS by SUWANTO, ANTONIUS; MALIK, AMARILA; TJAHJONO, BUDI; HARLING, ROB (2011) - This is consistent with the result of our previous study on E. coli recombinant harboring chi of WS7b in a pUC vector that WS7b presumably carries more than one chitinase gene, and has a complex regulation of chitinase gene expression. A transcriptional fusion of A. caviae chitinase gene (chi) under Kanamycin resistance gene promoter (PKmR) has been constructed. Keywords: assay; caviae; chitinase; coli; expression; fluorescens; fusion; gene; pkmr; plasmid; study
• MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF WAXY GENE MARKERS IN SORGHUM CROSSES KD4 AND BONTEB GUNUNGKIDUL by Muazam, Arif; Kristamtini, Kristamtini; Widyayanti, Setyorini; Nugraha, Yudhistira; Sri Kasiamdari, Rina; Budi Setiadi Daryono (2025) - Overall, this study supports the hypothesis that Wxc allele expression is a critical determinant of waxy starch properties in sorghum, and its consistent detection in KD4, Bonteb, and their F1 populations strengthens its role as a target in molecular breeding programs. Several statistical analyses were performed to ensure results significance, i.e., a) Chi-Square Test: To determine relationships between waxy allele expression with genetic segregation within cross populations; b) Allele Frequency Analysis: To determine distribution of waxy genotypes within populations by comparing counts showing expressions of Wxa, Wxb, and Wxc; and c) Keywords: allele; amplification; amylose; breeding; content; et al; expression; food; gene; sorghum; starch; wang; waxy; wxa; wxb; wxc
• INTRODUCTION OF THE SERINE GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN (sGFP) GENE INTO Pyricularia grisea RACE DC4 ISOLATED FROM Digitaria ciliaris USING Agrobacterium tumefaciens-MEDIATED GENETIC TRANSFORMATION by Stephanie, Stephanie; Widyastuti, Utut; Wiyono, Suryo (2015) - M: Marker 1 kb; K+ dan : plasmid pCAMB-P.grisea sGFP sGFP-Nos sGFP -Tubulin P. grisea P. grisea , K+ : ras 173 (positive control); K-: ddH2O (negative control); 1: DNA dc4 β nontransformant; 2-3: DNA dc4 transformant P. grisea sGFP Figure . The isolated DNA sGFP gene as then w amplified through PCR using -F and -R primers as well as sGFP sGFP combined primers of F and Nos-R. The sGFP- PCR mixture used consisted of 1 µL (100 ng) genomic DNA, 0.5 mM forward primers, 0.5 mM reverse primers, 5 µL PCR mix (Fermentas) and added with ddH O up to 10 L of total volume. Keywords: dc4; gene; grisea; hygromycin; medium; rice; sgfp; transformant; tumefaciens
• BINARY VECTOR CONSTRUCTION AND Agrobacterium tumefaciens-MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION OF LYSOZYME GENE IN SEAWEED Kappaphycus alvarezii by handayani, Tri; Alimuddin, Alimuddin; Widyastuti, Utut; Suryati, Emma; Parenrengi, Andi (2014) - Lys gene was amplified from pJfKer-Lys (Yazawa 2005; Fig. conjugated product was identified by antibiotic selection (kanamycin 50 mg/L, hygromycin 50 mg/L and streptomycin 50 mg/L), and PCR method using specific primers: for Lys gene was Lys-F: Keywords: alvarezii; gene; ice; lys; lysozyme; medium; pcr; pmsh1; thalli; transformation; transgenic; tumefaciens
• TRANSPOSITION AND EXPRESSION OF GEP GENE IN THE GENOME OF Vibrio harveyi TO MONITOR ITS ADHERENCE IN SHRIMP LARVAE by Suwanto, Antonius (2011) - Although we could obtain relatively high (10's) transconjugans employing Tn/rt, only one of TnJO derived isolate of V. harveyi G3 (G3-Tn/flgfp) showed gfp expression and was further employed for adherence assay. However, only one of TnlO derived isolate of V. harveyi G3 (G3-Tn70gfp) resulted in green-fluorescent colonies and cells due to the expression of GFP and that fluorescence levels qualitatively was almost the same with G3 (pWGOl) (Figure 5). Keywords: fluorescent; gene; gfp; harveyi; larvae; shrimp

• KARAMUNTING (Melastoma malabathricum) EXTRACTS ON WHITE SHRIMP (Litopenaeus vannamei) MATURITY by Ridwan, Ahmad; Awaludin, Awaludin (2021) - Gonad maturity in white shrimp is influenced by two antagonistic hormones, namely Gonad Inhibitng Hormone (GIH), which is synthesized in the X sinus organ glands (XO-SG) in the eye and Gonad Stimulating Hormone (GSH) produced by the brain and chest ganglion. The materials used in this study include karamunting (Melastoma malabathricum) ethanol extract, mature individuals of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei), feed, formalin, xylol, 100% ethanol, distilled water, paraffin, picric acid, and eosin. Keywords: control; extract; karamunting; kg bw; shrimp; white
• THE ROLE OF HALTICA SP. (COLEOPTERA: HALTICIDAE) AS BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENT OF POLYGONUM CHINENSE by SUN JAY A, SUN JAY A (2011) - Preferential test using larvae of the insect was carried out against six species of weeds namely Polygonum chinense, P. longisetum, P. barbatum, P. nepalense, Ludwigia octovalvis and L. parennis. Starvation test of both larvae and weevils of Haltica sp. against 14 crop species and 33 weed species showed that the insects feed on six of the test weeds: P. chinense, P. barbatum, P. nepalense, P. longisetum, Ludwigia octovalvis and L. parennis. Keywords: chinense; control; haltica; test
• A STUDY ON WEED CONTROL IN SOYBEAN by TJITROSEMITO, S. (2011) - TJITROSEMITO Tropical Agricultural Pest Biology Programme, SEAMEO BIOTROP, Bogor, Indonesia ABSTRACT Two field experiments on weed control in soybeans were carried out at BIOTROP, Bogor, Indonesia from February to June, 1989. The critical period for weed control was found to be between 20 - 40 days after planting of soybean (c. v. Wilis) grown at a planting distance of 40 x 10 cm. Keywords: control; dap; planting; soybean; weed
• WHITE OYSTER MUSHROOM (Ppleurotus fFlorida) MUTANT WITH ALTERED ANTIOXIDANT CONTENTS by Djajanegara, Ira; Harsoyo, (2008) - 65 White oyster mushroom (Pleurotus florida) mutant – I. Djajanegara & Harsoyo WHITE OYSTER MUSHROOM (pleurotus Florida) MUTANT WITH ALTERED ANTIOXIDANT CONTENTS IRA DJAJANEGARA1* AND HARSOYO2 1Center of Bioindustry BPPT Indonesia, LAPTIAB Puspitek Serpong, Tangerang 15314, Banten, Indonesia 2BATAN (Indonesian Atomic Agency), PATIR-BATAN Jakarta, Indonesia ABSTRACT Radiation using gamma ray (60Co) at 0.75 KGray with dose velocity of 1.149 KGray/ hour on white oyster mushroom (Pleurotus florida) mycelia yielded several mutants. This finding leads to the possible applica- tion of white oyster mushroom as a natural antioxidant source. Keywords: antioxidant; control; mushroom; mutant; mutation; oyster; po-3; po-4; po-5; radiation; white

• BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF MANGROVE CRAB (Scylla serrata) AT THE BELADEN ESTUARY, DOMPAK, TANJUNGPINANG, RIAU ISLANDS by Susiana, Susiana; Kurniawan, Dedy; Rochmady, Rochmady; Nurwisti, Isnaini; Rezky, Bintan; Lestari, Febrianti (2024) - The relationship of carapace width with the weight of female mangrove crab in the Beladen estuary from May to June 2022 Table 2 Growth pattern of mangrove crab in the Beladen estuary from May to June 2022 Sex Parameters of the relationship of carapace width and weight of mangrove crab Number of samples Sprouted parameter values (b) Correlation value (R²) Figure 3 Sex ratio of mangrove crab in the Beladen estuary from May to June 2022 Table 3 Ratio of male to female mangrove crab based on chi-square test at Beladen Estuary from May to June 2022 Sex Sex-ratio X² Count X² Table (α0.05) Keywords: beladen; carapace; crab; estuary; et al; female; mangrove; mangrove crab; mud; scylla; serrata; weight
• OCCURRENCE OF ARBOREAL-CLIMBING GRAPSIDS AND OTHER BRACHYURANS IN TWO MANGROVE AREAS OF SOUTHERN LUZON, PHILIPPINES by MASAGCA, JIMMY Tevar (2012) - It is also indicated that the most important functional role of mangrove crabs which received greater attention is their ability to process as much as 70% of the leaf litter (Leh & Sasekumar 1985, Slim . Jones (1984) described the feeding habits of mangrove crabs and divided into seven groups: herbivore, carnivore, omnivore, deposit feeder, omnivore/deposit E. dentatus et al et al M. latifrons Rhizophora Sonneratia M. latifrons M. latifrons M. latifrons et al. Keywords: areas; boh; cal; carapace; catanduanes; climbing; cph; crabs; grapsid; height; mangrove; mcw; philippines; quezon; table; values
• OCCURRENCE AND DISTRIBUTIONAL RANGE OF MANGROVE VASCULAR FLORA OF CATANDUANES ISLAND, LUZON, PHILIPPINES by MASAGCA, JIMMY TEVAR (2024) - The categorization of mangrove flora by Tomlinson (1986) indicates that there are 34 species of major mangrove species worldwide; 20 species of minor element; and 46 mangal associates. Arbitrary ecological zones on Catanduanes island, Luzon Zone Zonal Location Municipality* Code I Northern Pandan PAN-06 II Northwestern Caramoran CAR-04 III Northeastern Panganiban Viga Bagamanoc PAG-07 VIG-09 BAG-01 Southern Virac VRC-10 V Southeastern Bato Baras Gigmoto BAT-03 BAR-O2 GIG-05 *Also termed as town Study stations for the transect surveys were selected based on the availability of mangrove forests stands suitable for the sampling method, i.e. PCQM (Point- Centered Quarter Method). Keywords: catanduanes; elements; flora; island; mangal; mangrove; philippines; species; study; table; total; zamora
• INCREASING RISK OF HEAVY METAL CONTAMINATION IN SILVOFISHERY PONDS by Hastuti, Endah Dwi (2021) - An increase in heavy metal concentration in ponds is hghly related to the water sources. The extreme increase of organic matter and heavy metal concentration in the second period (from the 2nd to 31d observations) manifested the high input rate of sediment during that period. Keywords: accumulation; concentration; contamination; mangrove; matter; metal; pond; sediment; silvofishery; toxicity

• MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND TOTAL FLAVONOID CONTENT IN PEEL EXTRACTS OF FOUR BANANA CULTIVARS FROM INDONESIA (Musa spp.) by Arliani, Hida; Supriyadi, Supriyadi; Sri Kasiamdari, Rina; S. Daryono, Budi (2025) - Table 4 TFC content of banana peel extract Banana peel sample Total flavonoid content (mgQE/g) Cavendish 0.146 ± 0.0020 Kepok 0.386 ± 0.0148 Raja 0.139 ± 0.0053 Klutuk 0.453 ± 0.0078 Based on the information above, the extract of Klutuk banana peel contains the highest total flavonoids (0.453 mg QE/g) when compared to the other three varieties, followed by Kepok banana peel (0.386 mg QE/g), Cavendish banana peel (0.146 mg QE/g), and Raja banana peel (0.139 mg QE/g). • Klutuk banana peel has the highest antioxidant potential. Keywords: banana; cavendish; color; content; flavonoid; fruit; green; kepok; klutuk; musa; peel; pseudostem; purple; raja; total
• ECOLOGICAL SERVICES OF AGROFORESTRY LANDSCAPES IN SELECTED WATERSHED AREAS IN THE PHILIPPINES AND INDONESIA by Baliton, Romnick S.; Wulandari, Christine; Landicho, Leila D.; Cabahug, Rowena E. D.; Paelmo, Roselyn F.; Comia, Reynaldo A.; Visco, Roberto G.; Budiono, Pitojo; Herwanti, Susni; Rusita, Rusita; Castillo, Arnold Karl SA. (2017) - Pendugaan karbon di lahan agroforestry register 19 (carbon prediction on agroforestry area in register 19). With these findings, promotion of desired agroforestry systems in suitable portions of the watershed areas should be intensified and heightened to contribute to ecological balance across the landscape. Keywords: agroforestry; betung; biomass; carbon; dampalit; density; farmers; molawin; number; philippines; species; table; total; watershed; way

• OMEGA-3 CONTENT OF BLACK SOLDIER FLY PREPUPA (Hermetia illucens) FED WITH MARINE FISH OFFAL AND TOFU DREG by Putra, Ramadhani Eka; Fatmalasari, Yenyen; Permana, Agus Dana; Kinasih, Ida; Rosmiati, Mia (2021) - These omega-3 content of BSFL could be enhanced by allowing them to feed on fish waste from rainbow trout processing plant (St-Hilare et al. 2007b). ... - Eka Putra et al. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION component has altered the intake of other The black soldier fly larvae were able to recycle a proportion of fish waste which consists of high protein and fat. Keywords: acid; content; dreg; e t; fatty; feed; fish; fish offal; fly; food; larvae; offal; prepupae; protein; soldier; t al; tofu; tomberlin; wastes
• NUTRIENT PROFILE BLACK SOLDIER FLY LARVAE (HERMETIA ILLUCENS): EFFECT OF FEEDING SUBSTRATE AND HARVESTED TIME by Weko, Maria Rosalia; Bao, Frederius; Ega, Maria E.; Mia, Hendrika; Una, Klara Susanti Ito; Viana, Marcelina; Wale, Lodovikus; Nalle, Catootjie Lusje; Burithnaban, Yacob M.; Lema, Abner T.; Helda; Asrul (2023) - On the other hand, Tschirner and Simon (2015) found that the BSFLs fed with organic substrates high in fiber produced BSFL with higher CP content (52.3%) compared to those fed with substrates high in protein content with BSFL CP content of only 40%. In conclusion, combining fruit wastes and tofu by-products produced BSFL with high CP content but low CL, ash, Ca, and P contents. Keywords: acid; bsfl; content; day; diets; fed; feeding; fly; larvae; soldier; substrates
• EFFECT OF BOILING CARICA PUBESCENS SEEDS ON ANTINUTRIENT CONTENT AND IN VITRO NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY by Idayanti, Rahma Wulan; Rohani, Tatik; Yayuki, Fendi; Nur Syahrul, Alfian; Ayu Saputri, Ajeng; Puji Lestari, Endang; Purnomoadi, Agung; Purbowati, Endang; Arifin Hadi, Mukh (2024) - Table 5 shows the digestibility of dry and organic matter with the addition of carica seed content. Carica seeds were added to complete feed, consisting of T0 = 40% Pak Chong grass + 60% concentrate + 0% addition of carica seeds, T1 = 40% Pak Chong grass + 55% concentrate + addition of 5% carica seeds, T2 = 40% Pakchong grass + 50% Concentrate+ addition of 10% carica seeds, T3 = 40% Pakchong Grass+45% Concentrate+ addition of 15% carica seeds (Table 1). Keywords: acid; amino; boiling; carica; carica seeds; content; digestibility; et al; feed; matter; protein; pubescens; research; saponin; seeds; tannins
• METABOLITE PROFILING OF MORINGA USING PY-GCMS AND TOLERANCE EVALUATION TO ALUMINUM ON IN VITRO CULTURE by Rudiyanto, Rudiyanto; Purwito, Agus Purwito; Efendi, Darda; Martin, Andri (2025) - The mean values of shoot height, number of shoots, number of petioles, and number of roots of four accessions of M. oleifera on DKW medium Metabolite profiling of Moringa and tolerance evaluation to aluminum - Rudiyanto et al. 51 Table 2 Average shoot height, number of shoots, number of petioles, and number of roots of four different accessions of M. oleifera at 6 WAC Accession AlCl 3 (mg/L) Shoot height Number of shoots Number of petioles Number of roots Blora 0 6.58 ± 0.69bcde 1.38 ± 0.18abc 7.63 ± 0.53cde 2.13 ± 0.72defg 50 6.99 ± 1.01bcd 2.00 ± 0.38a 8.88 ± 1.04abcd 1.00 ± 0.33ghij 100 6.35 ± 1.42cde 1.25 ± 0.16bc 7.00 ± 0.85def 2.75 ± 0.49bcdef 250 5.50 ± 0.59def 1.63 ± 0.18abc 6.88 ± 0.35def 2.75 ± 0.41bcdef 500 2.34 ± 0.12g 1.06 ± 0.06bc 5.00 ± 0.46fgh 0.13 ± 0.13j Bogor 0 8.21 ± 0.49abc 1.25 ± 0.16bc 7.38 ± 0.38de 4.25 ± 0.65ab 50 6.34 ± 0.73cde 1.75 ± 0.25ab 9.50 ± 0.89abc 4.25 ± 0.75ab 100 9.16 ± 0.71a 1.50 ± 0.19abc 10.25 ± 1.00a 2.88 ± 0.23bcdef 250 6.86 ± 0.45bcd 1.75 ± 0.37ab 8.88 ± 0.61abcd 3.50 ± 0.63abcde 500 2.21 ± 0.05g 1.00 ± 0.00c 4.63 ± 0.26gh 0.13 ± 0.13j Bima 0 8.66 ± 0.55ab 1.16 ± 0.13bc 9.75 ± 0.37ab 4.50 ± 0.42a 50 8.45 ± 0.45abc 1.14 ± 0.12bc 8.00 ± 0.27bcde 3.63 ± 0.56abcd 100 8.21 ± 0.76abc 1.38 ± 0.18abc 8.00 ± 0.57bcde 3.75 ± 0.45abc 250 4.58 ± 0.93ef 1.25 ± 0.16bc 6.25 ± 0.82efg 2.50 ± 0.76cdefg 500 2.40 ± 0.25g 1.13 ± 0.13bc 5.00 ± 0.27fgh 0.50 ± 0.27ij Enrekang 0 5.65 ± 0.86def 1.25 ± 0.16bc 9.00 ± 0.93abcd 2.38 ± 0.50cdefg 50 3.76 ± 0.43fg 1.50 ± 0.27abc 8.00 ± 0.57bcde 1.75 ± 0.45fghi 100 4.58 ± 0.48ef 1.50 ± 0.27abc 7.00 ± 0.50def 0.63 ± 0.26hij 250 3.69 ± 0.08fg 1.13 ± 0.13bc 6.00 ± 0.60efgh 2.00 ± 0.38efgh 500 2.24 ± 0.16g 1.13 ± 0.13bc 4.00 ± 0.60h 0.00 ± 0.00j Notes: Numbers followed by the same letter in the same column are not significantly different based on Duncan’s multiple range test at α ≤ 5%; presented values are means ± standard error (SE) of 12 replicates. The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 32 No. 1, 2025: 47 - 56 DOI: 10.11598/btb.2025.32.1.2354 ISSN: 0215-6334 | e-ISSN: 1907-770X 47 ARTICLE HIGLIGHTS • Four accessions of Moringa oleifera Linn. from different regions in Indonesia were evaluated to identify with tolerance to aluminium (Al) stress • Eight metabolites show a very high correlation with acetic acid (one of the metabolites associated with AlCl3 stress) including cyclopentene, 2-allyphenol, 4-ethynyl-6-8-dioxane, vinyl ether, ethanone 1-oxiranyl, 2-methylpyridine, 2-butanone, and ethanesulfonic acid. Keywords: accessions; acid; alcl₃; aluminum; bogor; et al; metabolites; number; oleifera; shoot; stress; tolerance
• FATTY ACID PROFILES OF MICROALGAE ISOLATES FROM THE WATERS OF ITS DORMITORY POND IN SURABAYA, INDONESIA by Mawardani, Alfiyyana Nurrahma; Ermavitalini, Dini; Saputro, Triono Bagus; Muzaki, Farid Kamal; Purnomo, Adi Setyo; Purnobasuki, Hery (2025) - These findings highlight the potential of microalgae from ITS Dormitory Pond as a natural source of fatty acids. Indonesia’s rich biodiversity, with an estimated 200,000 - 800,000 microalgal species and 50,000 identified species, provides vast potential for exploring microalgae as a source of fatty acids (Wu et al. 2021). Keywords: acid; chlorella; content; desmodesmus; dictyosphaerium; dormitory; et al; fatty; fatty acid; microalgae; pond; pufa; sfa; species

• ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS ON THE REPRODUCTION OF NON-HUMAN PRIMATES by ShikhMaidin, Mashitah Shikh (2021) - Furthermore, the anthropogenic stressors on primate populations also contribute towards species extinctions, particularly in animals with slow reproductive rates. Natural disasters and primate populations: the effects of a 2-year drought on a naturally occurring population of ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) in southwestern Madagascar. Keywords: animals; change; climate; effects; et al; factors; females; food; heat; population; pregnancy; primates; reproduction; species; stress; temperature
• DIET COMPOSITION AND FEEDING HABITS OF NAUJAN WHITE GOBY (Glossogobius aureus) IN NAUJAN LAKE, PHILIPPINES by Guibone, Elsie; Sanchez-Escalona, Katherine; Balagtas, Abelle; Fiedalan, Fritz Dustin; Lomio, Kidelyn (2025) - The foraging strategy and fish diet are crucial factors in understanding the trophic interactions among fish in a given community (Manko 2016). The impact of human activities on the biodiversity of fish species composition in rice paddy field in An Giang Province, Southern Vietnam.  Keywords: aureus; composition; diet; doi; feeding; fish; food; glossogobius; goby; gut; lake; naujan; prey; site; species

• EFFECT OF PHYTASE SUPPLEMENTATION IN SOYBEAN MEAL BASED DIET ON NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY AND GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF GREEN CATFISH (Hemibagrus nemurus) by JUSADI, DEDI; YULISMAN; MOKOGINTA, ING (2011) - Th e diets were randomly assigned to groups of fi sh in the aquarium. Th e fi sh were fed on the diets to satiation three times a day at 08.00, 13.00 and 18.00 hrs for 60 days. Keywords: diet; digestibility; fed; phytase; protein

• THE EFFECTS OF MILLING DEGREE AND TYPE OF BAG ON FUNGAL INFECTION AND SOME CHEMICAL CONTENTS OF STORED MILLED RICE by S.DHARMAPUTRA, OKKY (2024) - The effects of milling degree and type of bag on fungal infection - Okky Setyawad Dhannaputra During storage rice could be infested by insects, mites, microorganisms and rodents. No. 10, 1997 : 42-62 THE EFFECTS OF MILLING DEGREE AND TYPE OF BAG ON FUNGAL INFECTION AND SOME CHEMICAL CONTENTS OF STORED MILLED RICE OKKY SETYAWATI DHARMAPUTRA SEAMEOBIOTROP, P.O. Box 116, Bogor, Indonesia, and Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia ABSTRACT The effects of milling degree and type of bag on fungal infection of stored milled rice were investigated together with some chemical contents (glucose, amylose, protein and total lipid contents), and changes in moisture content. Keywords: bag; bag type; content; duration; milling degree; population; rice; storage; type
• THE PERFORMANCE OF UPLAND RICE ESTABLISHED ON ALANG-ALANG DOMINATED AREA AFTER VARIOUS TECHNIQUES OF ALANG-ALANG CONTROL by TJITROSEMITO, S (2011) - Thamrin, llth Floor, Jakarta, Indonesia ABSTRACT Pot experiment to investigate the performance of upland rice in a previously alang-alang dominated area was conducted under greenhouse condition at BIOTROP, Bogor, Indonesia from November 1986 to May 1989. The transmigrants from Java and Bali used to cultivate their land before planting upland rice. Keywords: alang; rice

• INTERLEUKIN LEVELS IN THE Zingiber cassumunar-TREATED MICE by Mahfudh, Nurkhasanah (2021) - A B Interleukin levels in the Zingiber cassumunar treated mice – Nurkhasanah et al. 113 Figure 2 Immunocytochemistry of IL-10 expression in macrophage cells after beign treated with ethanol extract of Zingiber cassumunar which was observed with 400x magnification: (a) macrophage with no expression of interleukin; and (b) macrophage with positive expression of interleukin Table 1 Percentage of IL-10 expression on the macrophage cells of BALB/c mice treated with ethanol extract of Zingiber cassumunar Groups Mean ± SD Normal Negative control Treatment Dose of 1.25mg/20gBW Treatment Dose of 2.5mg/20gBW Treatment Dose of 5mg/20gBW 45.65 ± 1.92%* 51.86 ± 1.42% 55.91 ± 3.07% 63.68 ± 2.93%* 68.65 ± 4.42%* Notes: * = significant difference with negative control (p<0.05); BW = body weight. The regulation of IL‑10 production by immune cells. Keywords: cassumunar; cells; eezc; et al; expression; extract; il-10; mice; treatment; zingiber
• SEED GERMINATION OF Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh. BY PERICARP REMOVAL TREATMENT by Purnobasuki, Hery; Utami, Edy Setiti Wida (2017) - To determine the effect of seed collection dates on seed germination, the percentage of seeds germination was compared based on seed collection dates and the seed treatments i.e. hand- peeled, floater (0 ppt) and sinker (0 ppt). Seed pericarp is responsible for seed- coating dormancy, affecting seed germination and seedling establishment by preventing water BIOTROPIA 3 2 6 74 83 Vol. 2 No. , 201 : - DOI: 10.11598/btb.2016.2 . Keywords: avicennia; december; germination; marina; october; percentage; pericarp; ppt; salinity; seeds; treatment; viability
• APPLICATION METHOD OF ANTIMICROBIAL SUBSTANCES FOR THE CONTROL OF SCHIZOPHYLLUM COMMUNE FR. CAUSING BROWN GERM AND SEED ROT OF OIL PALM by Dikin, Antario; Sijam, Kamaruzaman; Seman, Idris Abu (2008) - Supernatant of anti-microbial substance as seed protector against infection of s. commune Supernatant of anti-microbial substances from B. multivorans and M. testaceum protected oil palm seeds from infection of S. commune (Figure 1.). Pre-treatment Seed coloniza- tion (%)* Dipping in anti-microbial substances with concentration 1:4 84b Vacuum in anti-microbial substance with dose 1:4 12d Seed Coating with solidified anti-microbial substances in talc 34c Mancozeb 100a Without anti-microbial substances (Control ) 100a Note : Average of five replications. Keywords: commune; oil; palm; seeds; substances; supernatant; talc; treatment
• ANTIBREAST CANCER ACTIVITY OF NANOPROPOLIS INDONESIA ON INDUCED MAMMARY GLAND TUMOR BY DMBA IN VIRGIN SPRAGUE–DAWLEY RATS by Hasan, Akhmad Endang Zainal; Mangunwidjaja, Djumali; Sunarti, Titi Candra; Suparno, Ono; Setiyono, Agus (2016) - The greater the concentration nanopropolis used, the greater of the effect tumor tissue healing wounds. There is a challenge to find cancer treatment is effective and minim which ize bad effects of the main treatment. Keywords: cancer; dmba; group; mammary; nanopropolis; rats; tissue; treatment; tumor

• THE GENUS MIMOSA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TOM. QUADRIVALVIS L. VAR. LEPTOCARPA (D.C.) EARNEDY, A NEW SPECIES RECORD FOR THE WEED FLORA IN MALAYSIA*) by HAJI MOHAMED, M. A; BAKI,, BAKI; BAKAR, B.; WATI, H. NOORMA (2024) - Plot size,number of transects and quadrats transects employed in pattern analysis of plant population of Mimosa species 39 BIOTROPIA No. 9, 1996 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Pattern of distribution Figure 1 illustrates the extent of infestation of the four species of Mimosa in Peninsular Malaysia. Key to Mimosa species in Peninsular Malaysia 1. Keywords: distribution; leaflets; mimosa; pigra; quadrivalvis; species
• PREDICTING THE FUTURE DISTRIBUTIONS OF ENDEMIC RATTAN CALAMUS JAVENSIS BLUME UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE SCENARIOS CMIP 5 RCP 8.5 IN 2050 AND 2070 IN WEST JAVA: Predicting the future distributions of endemic rattan by Wibowo, Andri; Warno Utomo, Suyud (2025) - Figure 6 Model of Calamus javensis distributions in 2050 (A) and 2070 (B) related to RCP 8.5 scenario in West Java Notes: Suitability level 0 = unsuitable; 1 = low suitability; 2 = medium suitability; 3 = high suitability; 4 = very high suitability. BIOTROPIA Vol. 32 No. 2, 2025 262 The models of Calamus javensis distributions in West Java under RCP 8.5 climate change scenarios for years 2050 and 2070 are shown in Figure 6. Keywords: areas; calamus; change; climate; distribution; doi; future; java; javensis; model; species; study; suitability; variables; west
• PREDICTING THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF Flindersia pimenteliana F. Muell. IN INDONESIAN PAPUA AND PAPUA NEW GUINEA by Robiansyah, Iyan (2017) - Effects of sample size on the performance of species distribution models. Keywords: Climate change, distribution models, Flindersia pimenteliana, MaxEnt, prediction INTRODUCTION Climate is one of the most important factors influencing plant distribution. Keywords: change; climate; distribution; model; new; papua; pimenteliana; species

• SCREENING FOR NATURAL PRODUCTS OF SHOREA Spp. AND ANISOPTERA Spp. OF THE FAMILY DIPTEROCARPACEAE FROM PASIR MAYANG, JAMBI, SUMATERA by AFFANDi, HILMAN; NURYADIN, ARIF; PRAYOGA, SUSILO B. (2024) - Brine shrimp bioassay of those fractions showed the fraction eluted with chloroform-methanol (8 : 2) to be the most active fraction. The crude extracts of the stem bark of twelve species of Shorea and two species of Anisoptera collected from Pasir Mayang, Jambi, Sumatera were screened with brine shrimp lethality bioassay. Keywords: anisoptera; brine; fraction; hexane; n.m.r; shrimp; table

• EFFECTS OF THE HEAVY METAL, ZINC, ON THE FRESHWATER FISH TILAPIA NILOTICA L. by S. CARING, VIRGINIA (2024) - Spermatogenic stages in control juvenile T. nilotica; b. Delay in spermatogenesis in zinc treated fish. 34 Effects of the heavy metal, zinc, on Tilapia nilotica L. - V.S. Cariffo For blood parameters, fingerlings were reared in zinc concentrations of 2, 5, and 10 ppm for 30, 60, and 90 days (Cariño and Casauay 1991). Keywords: blood; cell; days; fish; gill; nilotica; ppm; tilapia; zinc
• CHROMOSOMAL CHARACTERS OF THE INDONESIAN SAND GOBY, OXYELEOTRISMARMORATA BLKR. 1874 (ELEOTRIDAE)*) by MASAGCA, JIMMY T. (2024) - A simple method for the preparation of fish chromosomes applicable to fieldwork, teaching and banding. The test of chromosome pairs showed all acrocentrics (A). Keywords: cells; chromosome; fish; goby; number; sand
• MERCURY CHLORIDE (HgCl2) EXPOSURE CHANGES THE HISTOPATHOLOGICAL FIGURE OF EYE AND BRAIN OF TILAPIA FISH (Oreochromis mossambicus) by ALIZA, DWINNA ; NAZARUDDIN; ABDA, AYA SOFIA ; ANNISA ASRI (2022) - Korbas et al. (2017) stated that fish eye has the potential for Hg absorption since it has a wide surface of exposure and continuously contact with external media and thus, becomes an effective absorption route of Hg. High accumulation of mercury in the eye lens causes ocular anomalies such as cataracts or opacity, as previously reported in humans affected by Hg (Lemire et al. 2010). A thoroughly histopathological study on changes of fish eyes exposed to Hg has never been reported. Keywords: brain; cell; et al; exposure; eye; fish; hgcl2; layer; mercury; retina; tilapia
• KARYOMORPHOLOGY OF THE PHILIPPINE ROCK GOBY, Glossogobius giuris (GOBIIDAE) FROM LAKE TAAL AND SOME RIVERS OF CAVITE, LUZON ISLAND by MASAGCA, JIMMY T; ORDONEZ, JOSE A. (2011) - Furthermore, Gold (1979) surmised that chromosome numbers and variations in chromosome number do distinguish certain taxonomic groupings, as in the case of Salmoniformes (e.g. Salmo truttd). Denton (1972) reported that within family and genus there seems to be a tendency of reduction in chromosome number to parallel speciations. Keywords: cells; chromosome; fish; giuris; lake; metaphase; number

• ASSESSMENT OF COASTAL LAND USE CHANGES IN BANTEN BAY, INDONESIA USING DIFFERENT CHANGE DETECTION METHODS by DOYDEE, PUVADOL; SlREGAR, VlNCENTIUS (2024) - 2,2006 : 122 -131 ASSESSMENT OF COASTAL LAND USE CHANGES IN BANTEN BAY, INDONESIA USING DIFFERENT CHANGE DETECTION METHODS PUVADOL DOYDEE¹ AND VlNCENTIUS SlREGAR² 'Department of Fishery Management, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Corresponding author: vincents@biotrop.org 122 Asessment of coastal land use changes - P. Doydee and V. Siregar Keywords: areas; change; detection; fields; image; land; method; use

• INFLUENCE OF INSECT AND SEED SAMPLE SIZE AND HEAT TREATMENT ON THE INFESTATION OF CALLOSOBRUCHVS CHINENS1S (L.) ON MUNGBEAN, VIGNA RADIATA (L) Wilczek *) by M. BucruANON1, ELISA (2024) - The effect of seed genotypes and seed sample size was also significant in terms of percent damaged seeds (Fig. 4). Insect and seed sample size as well as varieties/genotype had significant influence in obtaining large responses in the number of eggs and progenies of the bean weevil. Keywords: bean; heat; number; sample; seeds; weevil
• POSTHARVEST QUALITY IMPROVEMENT OF NUTMEG (Myristica fragrans) by Dharmaputra, Okky S.; Ambarwati, Santi; Retnowati, Ina; Nurfadila, Nijma (2022) - Collecting Nutmeg Fruits, Nutmegs Drying and Fumigation Ripe fruits of nutmeg were collected one week after they had fallen from nutmeg trees. Fumigated nutmeg, dried using smoke- and oven-dried methods did not show any significant differences in total fungal population. Keywords: aflatoxin; content; kernels; methods; moisture; months; nutmeg; population; seeds; storage
• IV. STORAGE AND GERMINATION TESTS ON SHOREA JAVANICA SEEDS by UMBOH, M.I.J. (2024) - In the present experiment with S. javanica, temperature had a more important effect on seed germination than relative humidity. Determination of seed moisture content in relation with the germination capacity was also made. Keywords: germination; seeds; storage
• V. PRELIMINARY STUDY ON ISOZYMES OF SHOREA JAVANICA by JUNIARTI, U. (2024) - Isozyme variation in some rain forest trees. A report on forest genetic studies. Keywords: bandmorph; bands; fig; seeds

• STUDY OF HERBAL TOPICAL REPELLENT MADE OF BETEL LEAVES (Piper betle) AND PATCHOULI OIL (Pogostemon cablin) MIXTURE AGAINST YELLOW FEVER MOSQUITO (Aedes aegypti) by Widawati, Mutiara; Riandi, M. Umar (2015) - Lotion repellent is one of alternative insec- ticides that do not harm the respiratory system because it is directly applied to the skin. Piper betle repellency and safety etel and patchouli oil , potency, of topical lotion repellent of b mixture against yellow fever mosquito. Keywords: betel; deet; fever; leaves; lotion; mosquito; patchouli; repellent; test
• NOTES ON SOME FUSARIUM AND CYLINDROCARPON ON DIPTEROCARPACEAE OF INDONESIA* by ELQUARD, CLAIRE (2024) - No. 3, 1989/1990: 25-40 NOTES ON SOME FUSARIUM AND CYLINDROCARPON ON DIPTEROCARPACEAE OF INDONESIA* CLAIRE ELOUARD Laboratory of Botany and Forestry University of P. Sabatier, 39 Allees J. Guesde 31000 Toulouse, France ABSTRACT Six species of pathogenic fungi belonging to the genera Fusarium (Fusarium sacchari var. Spots on leaves of Shorea seminis caused by Fusarium sacchari var. Keywords: cylindrocarpon; figure; fusarium; leaves; roots; sacchari; saplings; twigs

• ALIMENTARY CANAL ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY OF THE WORKER TERMITE NEOTERMES BOSEI by RAFFIUDIN, RIKA; HARIPRABOWO, LEKSONO EKOPURANTO; PRAWASTI, TARUNI SRI (2011) - The results showed that total length of N. bosei alimentary canal was 13.71+1.28 mm. Observation of N. bosei alimentary canal Length of Alimentary Canal Ten N. bosei alimentary canal were taken by dissectioning the lateral part of termite thorax and abdomen. Keywords: anterior; bosei; canal; cells; figure; proventriculus; region; termites; worker
• EVALUATION OF CYTOTOXICITY OF THE AQUEOUS LEAF EXTRACT OF Pogostemon heyneanus Benth. (JAVA PATCHOULI) by Sheela, Anjana; Thoppil, John Ernest (2017) - Cytogenetical studies on the effect of omnacortil on root tip cells of L. J Cell Tissue Res 10:2331-5.Allium cepa Çelik TA, Äslanturk ÖS. 2006. Anti-mitotic and anti- genotoxic effects of aqueous Plantago lanceolata extract on root tip meristem cells. Keywords: aberrations; allium; cells; cepa; chromosomes; extracts; fig; heyneanus; metaphase; mitotic; root

• EFFECT OF SUBSTRATE MOISTURE CONTENT AND INVASIVE GRASS COMPETITION ON NATIVE FIG (Ficus fistulosa) SEEDLING RECRUITMENT IN LIMESTONE QUARRIES by Satyanti, Annisa (2016) - DOI: 10.11598/btb.2015.22.2.367 EFFECT OF SUBSTRATE MOISTURE AND INVASIVE GRASS COMPETITION ON NATIVE FIG ( ) SEEDLING Ficus fistulosa RECRUITMENT IN LIMESTONE QUARRIES ANNISA SATYANTI* Center for Plant Conservation, Bogor Botanical Garden, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bogor 16003, Indonesia Received 10 February 2014 /Accepted 4 February 2015 ABSTRACT This study was conducted to determine the possibility of native fig ( ) for rehabilitating degraded Ficus fistulosa habitats in limestone quarries. A greenhouse experiment was carried out to test the effect of different substrate moisture levels and competition between native fig ( ) and invasive grass on the Ficus fistulosa Pennisetum polystachyon native fig's growth and survival. was chosen as the studied species because it has high Importance Value Ficus fistulosa Index (IVI) compared to other fig species tested in Ciampea limestone hill. Keywords: biomass; competition; effect; fig; grass; limestone; ml/; moisture; native; substrate; week

• THE EFFECTS OF DRYING AND SHELLING ON ASPERGILLUS FLAWS INFECTION AND AFLATOXIN PRODUCTION OF MAIZE* by DHARMAPUTRA, O.S. (2024) - The high level of aflatoxin content in most maize samples could be caused by the methods of handling that were not carried out properly. Aflatoxin content was determined using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method (Rodriquez and Mahoney 1994). Keywords: aflatoxin; content; drying; flavus; kernels; m.c; maize; moisture; moisture content; shelling; storage
• ASSESSMENT OF THE QUALITY OF ARABICA COFFEE BEANS FROM THREE PROCESSING METHODS AND TWO TYPES OF PACKAGING MATERIALS by Dharmaputra, Okky S.; Ambarwati, Santi; Retnowati, Ina; Nurfadila, Nijma (2021) - Tripetch and Borompichaichartkul (2019) reported that high density polyethylene (HDPE) bag was better than a jute sack for green coffee beans for 15 months of storage, because the polyethylene bag has the capability Assessment of the quality of Arabica coffee beans - Dharmaputra et aL of preserving the moisture content, color and MATERIALS AND METHODS chlorogenic acid of the coffee beans. Thc l~iglicst total scorc (84) was fot~nd In coffee beans processed using a dry rnetl~od and packed in Kmionq! Keywords: bags; barrier; beans; coffee; coffee beans; content; gas; kantong; method; moisture; months; ota; processing; storage; yeast
• STORED COCOA BEANS QUALITY AFFECTED BY FERMENTATION AND EPHESTIA CAUTELLA WALKER (LEPIDOPTERA: PHYCITIDAE) INFESTATION by S. DHARMAPUTRA, OKKY; SUNJAYA, SUNJAYA; RETNOWATI, INA; AMBARWATI, SANTI (2024) - BIOTROPIA NO BIOTROPIA NO. 15, 2000 : 58 - 75 STORED COCOA BEANS QUALITY AFFECTED BY FERMENTATION AND EPHESTIA CAUTELLA WALKER (LEPIDOPTERA: PHYCITIDAE) INFESTATION OK.KY S. DHARMAPUTRA' \ SUNJAYA', INA RETNOWATI' and SANTI AMBARWATI' 'SEAMED BIOTROP, P.O. Box 116, Bogor, Indonesia; and Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia ABSTRACT The effects of fermentation on Ephestia cautella population and cocoa beans quality in terms of moisture content, fungal population, the percentage of insect-damaged and mouldy beans, lipid and free fatty acid contents during storage were investigated together with the effects of £. Fermented and unfermented cocoa beans with initial moisture contents of 7 or 9% were placed in ventilated plastic jars (Ikg/jar) and stored for 6 months under room conditions. Keywords: beans; cautella; cocoa; cocoa beans; content; moisture; moisture content; population; storage
• PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL QUALITIES OF CORN WITH DIFFERENT MOISTURE LEVELS SUPPLEMENTED WITH MOLD INHIBITOR by NALLE, CATOOTJIE LUSJE; SUPIT, MAX A. J.; AKBAR, ANGGA M.; LANGODAI , EMILIANA; SO’O, ANGRIANA (2022) - A total of 750 kg of corn grains was used in the present study. In conclusion, the supplementation of MI in corn with different ML improved the physical quality, DM, ash, and GE content of corn grain during the storage; MI maintained the DM content but did not reduce the AFB1 content of corn. Keywords: content; corn; inhibitor; level; moisture; mold; mold inhibitor
• FUNGAL POPULATION, AFLATOXIN AND FREE FATTY ACID CONTENTS OF PEANUTS PACKED IN DIFFERENT BAG TYPES by BULAONG, SONIA S P (2024) - No significant differences were obtained in aflatoxin contents among bag types but at the end of six months storage, toxin level in jute bag exceeded the 30 ppb limit. The effect of bag type and duration of storage on aflatoxin content of peanuts Two kinds of aflatoxins were detected, i.e. aflatoxin BI and B2. Keywords: aflatoxin; bag; content; fatty; jb+1; jb+2; moisture; month; peanuts; population; storage
• EFFECT OF ANTI-MOLD AND MYCOTOXIN BINDER ON CORN QUALITY AND BROILER PERFORMANCE by Nalle, Catootjie Lusje; Supit, Max A.J.; Jermias, Johanis A.; Kusumaningrum, Damai; Kefi, Melani; Benu, Ariska (2025) - The high FCR indicated that there might be a reduction in the nutritional quality of high aflatoxin feed. The present experiment proved that the amount of aflatoxin in corn grains increased during the 60-day storage compared to the initial AT content before the experiment (Tables 1 and 4). Keywords: 2022; aflatoxin; anti; binder; content; corn; doi; effect; et al; experiment; feed; moisture; mold; mycotoxin; ppb

• IN VITRO CONSERVATION OF COCONUT (Cocos nucifera L.) EMBRYOS IN CULTURE MEDIA by SUKENDAH, SUKENDAH; CEDO, MA L. O (2011) - In this report, results on the use of reduced-nutrient media and mannitol for coconut embryo storage are presented. No further study has reported on the response of coconut embryos treated in low-salt medium. Keywords: coconut; embryos; germination; mannitol; media; medium; months; storage; strength
• POSTHARVEST QUALITY IMPROVEMENT OF SORGHUM (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) GRAINS by DHARMAPUTRA, OKKY SETYAWATI (2013) - In Indonesia, the low production of sorghum grain is due to (a) the nonavailability of appropriate technology for sorghum handling and processing after harvest, (b) the limited knowledge on how to process sorghum grain into various food products, (c) the lower price of sorghum grains compared to milled rice, maize and peanuts. The change of moisture contents of sorghum grains was also recorded. Keywords: content; duration; grains; months; paddy; percentage; sorghum; stick; storage; thresher

• ANTAGONISTIC EFFECT OF THREE FUNGAL ISOLATES TO AFLATOXIN-PRODUCING^spergiY/HS/JavHS by S.DHARMAPUTRA, OKKY (2011) - Dharmaputra et al. (2001) reported that the type of interaction between toxigenic A. flavus isolate 557 and T. harzianum, and between A. flavus isolate 102 and T. harzianum were A and B types, respectively; between toxigenic A. flavus isolate 23j and nontoxigenic A. flavus isolate 18t was B type; between toxigenic A. flavus isolate 102 and A. niger was D type. Informations regarding the type of interactions between antagonistic fungi and toxigenic A. flavus, and the effects of culture filtrates of the test fungi on the growth and aflatoxin production of toxigenic A. flavus are necessary, before antagonistic fungi could be used as biocontrol agent. Keywords: a. flavus; aflatoxin; culture; flavus; niger; smky

• PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF CELL CULTURE JATROPHA CURCAS by ELFAHMI, ELFAHMI; ARTRI; RUSLAN, KOMAR (2024) - J. curcas J. curcas et al. After 1 month, 50 mL of cell suspension cultures were transferred into a 500 mL conical flask, with fresh medium yielding a total volume of 300 mL. Subcultures were prepared every 3 weeks by adding 100 mL of a full-grown cell suspension culture to 200 mL of fresh medium. Keywords: callus; cell; culture; curcas; days
• IN VITRO INOCULATION OF ASPARAGUS OFFICINALIS TISSUE CULTURE SHOOTS WITH FUSARIUM PROLIFERA TUM by NORULAINI, N.A.R. NIK; SALLEH, B.; ISKANDAR, R.A.R.; OMAR, A.K. MOHD (2024) - Figure 1: Growth and penetration of F. proliferatum on asparagus tissue culture shoots. MATERIALS AND METHODS Production of tissue culture shoots as hosts One year-old asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) plants cv. Keywords: asparagus; culture; fusarium; inoculation; penetration; salleh; shoots; tissue
• Elimination Of CVB (Chrysanthemum Virus B) From A Range Of ChrysanthemumTHE Varieties By Meristem Culture Following Antiviral and Heat Treatments by Budiarto, Kurniawan; Budi, Budi Marwoto; Lia, Lia Sanjaya; Muchdar, Muchdar Soedarjo; Indijarto, Indijarto Budi Rahardjo (2012) - The failure of single method of meristem culture for producing virus free plantlets as also presented in the absent of ribavirin treatment indicated that the isolation of meristematic sites was not sufficient to totally free the tissue from virus particles. Characteristic of the microplate method of enzyme lingked immunosorbent assay for the detection of plant viruses. Keywords: chrysanthemum; culture; heat; meristem; plantlets; ribavirin; treatments; virus

• EFFECT OF ANTANAN (CENTELLA ASIATICA) AND VITAMIN C ON THE BURSA OF FABRICIUS, LIVER MALONALDEHIDE AND PERFORMANCE OF HEAT-STRESSED BROILERS by SUTARDI, TOHA; KUSNADI, ENGKUS; WlDJAJAKUSUMA, REVIANY (2011) - CONCLUSIONS Feeding antanan or vitamin C or the combination of antanan and vitamin C increases bursa of Fabricius weight, feed consumption, and body weight gain but decreases H/L ratio and liver MDA levels. The combination of 5% antanan and 51   Effect of antanan (Centella asiatica) and vitamin C — Engkus Kusnadi et al. vitamin C tends to increase feed consumption and body weight gain and , therefore this treatment tends to be very effective in alleviating heat stress in broilers. Keywords: antanan; body; broilers; feed; heat; stress; vitamin; weight

• DEVELOPMENT OF WOODCERAMICS FROM TROPICAL FLORA by Howpinjai, Itsaree; Laemsak, Nikhom; Hengniran, Pongsak (2020) - The SSA of woodceramics made from Bamboo, Pine, Eucalyptus, Rubberwood and Oil Palm shell particleboard was determined using the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method, after being carbonized at 800 °C at a heating rate of 5 °C/min. Table 1 Specific Surface Area, pore volume and average pore diameter of woodceramics derived from various raw materials Raw material SSA area (m2/g) Pore volume (cm3/g) Table 1 also shows that the SSA of woodceramics derived from Bamboo is 4 m2/g and Oil Palm shell particleboards is 65 m2/g. The range of woodceramics pore volume made from Bamboo, Pine, Eucalyptus, Rubberwood and Oil Palm shell particleboard was 0.012-0.048 cm3/g, which is low when compared with other materials. Keywords: adsorption; oil; pine; temperature; woodceramics

• FRUIT PRODUCTION OF A SIX-YEAR OLD SHOREA STENOPTERA PLANTATION AT HAURBENTES, BOGOR, INDONESIA by SUZUKI, EIZI (2024) - The age at first flowering of S. stenoptera trees which are being grown at the experimental forest at Haurbentes was 6 years old. The wing length varied from one third to 2 from that of fruit length. Keywords: flowering; flowers; fruits; stenoptera; trees

• VEGETATIVE COMPATIBILITY GROUPS OF FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM, THE CAUSAL ORGANISM OF VASCULAR WILT ON ROSELLE IN MALAYSIA by Ooi, K.H; SALLEH, B. (2024) - An evaluation of Fusarium oxysporum from crucifers based on pathogenicity, isozyme polymorphism, vegetative compatibility and geographical origin. Vegetative compatibility groups among nonpathogenic root-colonizing strains of Fusarium oxysporum. Keywords: compatibility; fusarium; mutants; nit; oxysporum; root; roselle; strains; vcg
• DEVELOPMENTAL MORPHO-ANATOMY AND GERMINATION OF THE SEEDS OF Pterocarpus indicus f. echinatus Willd. VARIANTS by Capiltan, Kate ; Maldia, Lerma ; Quimado, Marilyn; Tinio, Crusty; Combalicer, Marilyn (2022) - Effect of reduced water potential on seed germination of a forest tree: a hydrotime approach. Chapter: 9: Seed germination and sowing options In: Wilkinson KM, Landis TD, Haase DL, Daley BF, Dumroese RK, editors. Keywords: anatomy; cap; echinatus; germination; indicus; pod; prickles; pterocarpus; radicle; root; seed; study; variants

• STUDIES ON NATURAL PRODUCTS OF ALBIZIA SP. by ARIFNURYADIN, HILMAN AFFANDI; AFFANDI, HILMAN (2024) - Australia ABSTRACT The bark of Albizia lebeckioides and Albizia falcataria have been examined for their chemical constituents. These reports suggested that both species of Albizia may contain useful chemicals that resist termite attack, therefore a search for biologically active 1 BIOTROPIA No. 11, 1998 compounds from the bark of Albizia falcataria and Albizia lebeckioides was undertaken. Keywords: albizia; bark; compounds; falcataria

• IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF ANGIOPTERIS EVECTA USING SPORES by BHATIA, POONAM; CUPITT, DAMIEN; ASHWATH, NANJAPPA (2011) - The pattern of spore germination in various media compositions appears to reflect the need for low concentrations of mineral nutrients and the presence of charcoal for A. evecta spore germination. Reduced concentration of MS medium and the presence of charcoal maximized King fern spore germination (Figure ld& le). Keywords: contamination; evecta; fern; germination; light; media; medium; spores

• POST-SIEGE GENOTOXIC HAZARDS IN LAKE LANAO, PHILIPPINES BY MICRONUCLEUS ASSAY by Abamo, Fema; Ferranco, Ed Lucille May ; Villarino, Annabella (2023) - Indeed, MN frequencies were significantly higher in Lake Lanao sites compared to the reference site, Lake Dapao. It makes sense knowing that the average life expectancy of freshwater snails is 3 to 5 years (https://foliargarden.com/ life- expectancy-of-a-freshwater-snail/), and some of the adult samples must have already been at the site during the siege and thus were the most exposed to war pollutants at the highest magnitude which may have resulted in DNA damage as indicated by higher MN frequency compared to the juveniles. Keywords: adult; angularis; assay; et al; frequencies; genotoxic; lake; lake lanao; lanao; marawi; philippines; siege; site; snails
• A NEW SPECIES OF THE Odontomachus infandus SPECIES GROUP (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE) FROM PANGASINAN, PHILIPPINES, WITH NOTES ON SPECIES ECOLOGY by C. Acuña, Darrell; Oliver, Decier (2024) - O. ampipitbaybay sp. nov. holotype worker, PASI hym0001, (a) head, dorsal view, (b) petiole and (c) subpetiolar process, lateral view. Figure 1 Distribution map of selected Odontomachus species showing records of O. ampipitbaybay sp. nov. (red), O. schoedli (green), and O. infandus (blue) based on this study and Sorger & Zettel (2011), including unverified records from AntWeb (2024) and General & Buenavente (2017) (question mark) Keywords: head; infandus; odontomachus; petiole; philippines; sorger; species; view; zettel
• TIGER BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE: CICINDELINAE) OF COMPOSTELA VALLEY PROVINCE, MINDANAO ISLAND, PHILIPPINES by Medina, Milton Norman Dejadena; Cabras, Analyn Anzano; Wiesner, Jurgen (2017) - This paper presents the baseline data of tiger beetle fauna of Compostela Valley Province with notes on the habitat preference of tiger beetles. Since the early 1990's, new tiger beetle species have been described from the different, but poorly explored islands such as Palawan, Leyte, Mindoro and Mindanao. Keywords: beetles; calomera; cicindelidae; philippines; species; tiger

• NATURAL PRODUCTS IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS by H. BURNELL, ROBERT (2024) - Asymmetric synthesis of the enkephalinase inhibitor Thiorphan. To investigate this possiblity we selected another relatively simple compound, methyl nim- 10 Natural products in organic synthesis - Robert H. Bumell bionone 44 to experiment with this enantiomeric style of synthesis. Keywords: burnell; left; methyl; product; right; structure; synthesis
• FIBER DISRUPTION OF BETUNG BAMBOO (Dendrocalamus asper) BY COMBINED FUNGAL AND MICROWAVE PRETREATMENT by Fatriasari, Widya; Syafii, Wasrin; Wistara, Nyoman; Syamsu, Khaswar; Prasetya, Bambang; Anita, S Heris; Risanto, Lucky (2016) - Microwave pretreatment can increase ion production, solubilize non-polar material and hydrolyze biomass without catalyst (Tsubaki & Azuma 2011). Furthermore, microwave pretreatment of biomass at utes330 W for 5, 10 and 12.5 min resulted in lower of the a- weight loss cellulose and hemicellulose other compared to that of pretreatment conditions (Fatriasari 2014b)et al. . Keywords: 2011; bamboo; betung; carbohydrate; cellulose; changes; ftir; hemicellulose; inoculum; irradiation; lignin; loading; loss; microwave; microwave pretreatment; minutes; pretreatment; structure

• NOTES ON THE ASTERACEAE OF SUMATERA by TJITROSOEDIRDJO, SRI SUDARMIYATI (2011) - Adenostemma Forster & G. Forster Adenostemma lavenia (L.) Kuntze Adenostemma fastigiatum (Blume) DC. Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M. King & H. Rob. Eupatohum odoratum L. Chrysanthemum L. Chrysanthemum coronarium L. Bupthalmum oleraceum Lour. Keywords: aceh; asteraceae; blumea; cass; compositae; conyza; flora; genera; genus; java; koster; miq; north; notes; number; prenanthes; senecio; south; species; sri; sumatera; tjitrosoedirdjo; tribes; van; vernonia
• MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF BEGOMOVIRUS INFECTING YARD LONG BEAN (Vigna unguiculata SUBSP. sesquipedalis L.) IN JAVA, INDONESIA by Nurulita, Sari; Hidayat, Sri Hendrastuti; Mutaqin, Kikin Hamzah; Thomas, John (2015) - This result indicated the et al. association of with yellow mosaic Begomovirus disease of yard long bean in Java. et al. et al 2008). Keywords: bean; begomovirus; bogor; disease; java; mosaic; mymiv; region; yard; yellowing

• ISOLATING MICROSATELLITE FROM Amorphophallus variabilis AND ITS APPLICATION FOR POPULATION STUDY IN DRAMAGA CONSERVATION FOREST, INDONESIA by Santosa, Edi; Lian, Chun Lan; Mine, Yoko; Takahata, Ken; Sugiyama, Nobuo (2018) - The numbers of alleles per locus varied from 3 to 11 in population A, from 3 to 16 in population B and from 3 to 14 in population C (Table 4). The populations exhibited low genetic distance based on Nei (1972), i.e. 0.151 for population A to population B, 0.210 for population A to population C and 0.149 for population B to population C. Individuals across all populations were clustered in three groups (Fig. 2). Keywords: b g; c c; c g; c t; g +; g g; g t; microsatellite; population; santosa; spot; t t; variabilis
• BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF INDONESIAN GAYO HORSE by Melia, Juli; Amrozi, Amrozi; Agil, Muhammad; Supriatna, Iman (2022) - Many owners of Gayo horses have the intention to breed Gayo horse with a thoroughbred horse, creating a new type of horse known as “Astaga horse” (Australia-Gayo). ABSTRACT This study aimed to find out the characteristics of Gayo horses and to identify the population of Gayo horses. Keywords: aceh; animal; body; central; data; gayo; horses; population

• PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE PALM FLORA OF THE LORE LINDU NATIONAL PARK, CENTRAL SULAWESI, INDONESIA by MOGEA, JOHANIS P (2011) - Another example is where there is no spine on its knee (Fig. 7-9), the taxon is called Calamus sp. 1 (knee no spine). Some taxa are definitely new species, but their description is not published yet, hence the name is informal, such as Calamus sp. nov.l (ahlidurii). Keywords: calamus; gunung; lindu; mogea; national; palm; park; pinanga; species; sulawesi

• BIOECOLOGY OF DIORYCTRIA ABIETELLA DENIS AND SCHIFF. A PEST OF CONIFERS IN THE NORTH-WESTERN HIMALAYA by VERMA, T.D (2024) - The cocoon measured 16.00-20.00 mm (av. 18.80±2.20 mm) in length and 8.00- 10.00 mm (av. The incidence of this insect was comparatively low in P. roxburghii cones throughout the outer Himalayas, being maximum (14. 72%) at Nauni in the Solan district (Fig. Keywords: abietella; days
• PREOVULATORY CHANGES AND OVULATION IN CATTLE UNDERGOING SPONTANEOUS OR CLOPROSTENOL-INDUCED LUTEOLYSIS by PURWANTARA, BAMBANG; H0IER, RENE; SCHMiDT, METTE; GREVE, TORBEN (2024) - The larger mean diameter of ovulatory follicles which was observed in spontaneous-group is not in agreement to Quirk et al. (1986) who found no significant difference of ovulatory follicle development in spontaneous vs. cloprostenol-induced ovulation. However, it was demonstrated that mean number of ovulatory follicles was higher (PO.01) in the spontaneously ovulating group while the regressing-CL size was larger in the cloprostenol induced animals (P<0.05). Keywords: days; diameter; et al; follicles; ginther; group; ovulation; reprod

• HARVESTING TIME AND VIABILITY OF Ixora coccinea 'DWARF RED COCCINEA' POLLEN by Leung, David (2021) - Since other studies on Ixora pollen were m a d y focused on pollen morphology, it would be of interest to study the effect of sucrose level on the germination of pollen from other Ixora spp. Another possibility is that sucrose may not be the only factor to enhance Ixora pollen germination. Keywords: coccinea; dwarf; germination; grains; ixora; pollen; red; sucrose; viability
• EFFECT OF LIGHT QUALITIES AND STORAGE PERIODS ON THE GERMINATION OF PENNISETUM POLYSTACHION SEEDS*) by TJITROSEMITO, S (2011) - During seed germination test, effect of light played a great role on increasing seed germination. Percent of seed germination under white, red, far-red, blue and dark were 49, 43, 22, 11 and 2%, respectively. Keywords: dark; germination; light; seed

• DENGUE EARLY WARNING MODEL USING CLIMATE INFORMATION by Hidayati, Rini - (2012) - In developing IR model with a climate variable, the most obvious predictor was the rain. The assumptions used in IR model were error model which was distributed normally with mean value of 0.00 and standard deviation of 0.33. Keywords: climate; dengue; incidence; model; mosquito; n-2; period; prediction; temperature; warning; week

• Aspergillus flavus POPULATION AND AFLATOXIN B1 CONTENT OF PROCESSED PEANUT PRODUCTS IN MUNICIPALITY OF BOGOR, WEST JAVA, INDONESIA by Dharmaputra, Okky Setyawati; Ambarwati, Santi; Retnowati, Ina; Windyarani, Amanda (2014) - The range and the mean of population, AFB1 content and the percentage of processed peanut product samples contaminated by AFB1 exceeded 15 ppb are presented in Table 3. AFB1 contents in processed peanut products were varied. The percentage of processed peanut product samples infected by and those of non-detected AFB contents are presented in Table 2. Keywords: content; flavus; flour; gado; kernels; peanut; products; sauce; shell

• STRAIN DIFFERENCES IN TWO SPECIES OF CALLOSOBRUCHUS (COLEOPTERA: BRUCHIDAE) DEVELOPING ON SEEDS OF COWPEA {VIGNA UNGUICULATA (L.)} AND GREEN GRAM {V. RADIATA (L.)} by ROESLI, RENNIE (2011) - The density effect on the number of adults observed in C. maculatus Indonesian strain, C. chinensis Indonesian and Kenyan strains seems to be similar to that in C. maculatus IITA. oviposition on seed, on tube wall, and the total at different seed availabilities Seed number On seed On tube wall Total Low Medium High 35.42 c±1.50 50.22 b±1.56 59.88 a ±1.46 8.55 b±1.14 .31 Keywords: callosobruchus; eggs; maculatus; number; seed; strains

• CONTROL OF AFLATOXIGENIC Aspergillus flavus IN PEANUTS USING NONAFLATOXIGENIC A. flavus, A. niger and Trichoderma harzianum by S.DHARMAPUTRA, OKKY (2011) - The increase of toxigenic A. flavus population in planting media inoculated with the combined use of toxigenic and nontoxigenic A. flavus was lower compared with planting media inoculated (1) only with toxigenic A. flavus, (2) with the combined use of toxigenic A. flavus and A. niger, and (3) with the combined use of toxigenic A. flavus and T. harzianum, either at the time of inflorescence or at the time of harvest (Table 2). The increase of each test fungal population in either the planting media inoculated with each test fungi or in the planting media inoculated with the combined use of toxigenic A. flavus and each test fungi were higher than the increase of toxigenic A. flavus population in the planting media inoculated only with toxigenic A. flavus and in the planting media inoculated with the combined use of toxigenic A. flavus and test fungi, either at the time of inflorescence or at the time of harvest (Table 2). Keywords: a. flavus; harvest; media; peanut; planting; planting media

• Reviewers For Vol 15 No. 1 by Editor (2024) - Soemaryono M.Sc., Biotechnology Research Unit For Estate Crops, Bogor, Indonesia Dr. Okky S. Dharmaputra, SEAMEO BIOTROP/Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Bogor, Indonesia Dr. Gayuh Rahayu, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Bogor, Indonesia Dr. Yadi Haryadi, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Bogor, Indonesia Dr. Zainal Mahmud, Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development (Puslitbangbun), Bogor, Indonesia  Untitled Document Prof. Dr. Mirnawati Sudarmanto, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor (IPB), Indonesia Dr. Ratih Dewanti Hariyadi, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Bogor, Indonesia Prof. Dr. M.A. Chozin, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Bogor, Indonesia Dr. Soekisman S. Tjitrosemito, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Bogor, Indonesia Dr. Dahlia Sukma, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, The State University of Jakarta (UNJ), Jakarta 13220, Indonesia Dr. Lisdar M. Sudirman,  Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Bogor, Indonesia Dr. Nurita L. Toruan-Mathius, Tissue Culture Laboratory, SMART Research Institute (SMARTRI), Bogor, Indonesia Ir. Keywords: bogor

• MORPHOLOGICAL COMPARISON OF THREE ASIAN NATIVE HONEY BEES (APIS CERANA, A. DORSATA, A. FLOREA) IN NORTHERN VIETNAM AND THAILAND by NIEM, N.V.; TRUNG, L. Q. (2024) - Wongsiri et al. (1993) carried out a comparative investigation of some biological characteristics of A. cerana bees in China, Thailand and their hybrids for the purpose of using biological measures to control Varroa parasitic mites. A. dorsata bees were sampled in Nan Province by using high voltage light trap to attract the bees from 14 colonies in one tree to the light. Keywords: bees; cerana; thailand; vietnam

• BROWN SPOT CAUSED BY CURVULARIA SPP., A NEW DISEASE OF ASPARAGUS by B. SALLEH, B. SALLEH; SAFINAT, A.; JULIA, L.; TEO, C.H. (2024) - Distribution of asparagus brown spot caused by Curvularia spp. 26 Brown spot caused by Curvularia spp., - B. Salleh et at. MATERIALS AND METHODS Disease survey and aetiology Eighteen asparagus farms established for experimental or commercial purposes throughout Malaysia were visited and sampled at least twice in 1989-90 (Fig. 1). Keywords: asparagus; brown; curvularia; malaysia; spot; spp

• ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A MOLYBDENUM-REDUCING AND PHENOLIC- AND CATECHOL-DEGRADING Enterobacter sp. STRAIN SAW-2 by Sabullah, Mohd Khalizan; Rahman, Mohd Fadhil; Ahmad, Siti Aqlima; Sulaiman, Mohd Rosni; Shukor, Mohd Shukri; Gansau, Azlan Jualang; Shamaan, Nor Aripin; Shukor, Mohd Yunus (2017) - et al et al et al 2013; Othman . et al et al 2013; Shukor . 2014). Keywords: bacterium; blue; enterobacter; et al; isolation; metals; molybdate; molybdenum; molybdenum reduction; phenol; phosphate; reducing; reduction; saw-2; shukor; strain; syed

• IDENTIFICATION OF OCEANOGRAPHIC PARAMETERS FOR DETERMINING PELAGIC TUNA FISHING GROUND IN THE NORTH PAPUA WATERS USING MULTI-SENSOR SATELLITE DATA by SlREGAR, VlNCENTIUS; DAVIDO WAAS, HAROLD JOPPIE (2011) - However, in many areas determination of fishing ground using satellited data lias been applied by detecting the important oceanographic parameter of the presence of fish schooling such as, sea surface temperature and chlorophyl. The aim of this study is to assess the important oceanographic parameters detected from multi-sensor satellites (NOAA/AVHRR, Seawifs and Topex Poisedon) for determining fishing ground of pelagic tunas in the North Papua waters at east season. Keywords: currents; data; fishing; ground; papua; parameters; waters

• CRITICAL PERIOD OF MUNGBEAN (PHASEOLUS RADIATUS L.) TO WEED COMPETITION by UTOMO, I.H. (2024) - Between these situations, there would be a period when crops are most susceptible and weed competition would be more severe. This period is known as the critical period for weed competition. Keywords: mungbean; weed

• CHARACTERIZATION AND POTENTIAL UTILIZATION OF STRING BAMBOO (GIGANTOCHLOA APUS) by Marasigan, Oliver; A. Daguinod, Shereyl (2025) - Characterization and potential utilization of string bamboo - Marasigan & Daguinod 367 Table 2 Culm properties of G. apus along the height levels Properties Height levels Average P value ITAC ClassificationBottom Middle Top Morphological Culm diameter (mm) 75.06a (± 4.88) 73.02b (± 6.60) 51.46c (± 5.32) 66.51 (± 6.48) < 0.000* - Culm wall thickness (mm) 8.54 (± 1.49) 6.36 (± 1.10) 4.56 (± 0.55) 6.48 (± 1.98) < 0.000* - Anatomical Fiber length (mm) 2.87 (± 8.56) 2.54 (± 8.01) 2.43 (± 7.75) 2.61 (± 8.31) < 0.001* I Fiber diameter (µm) 25.63 (± 6.33) 22.53 (± 5.76) 22.07 (± 6.82) 23.41 (± 6.51) < 0.001* - Lumen diameter (µm) 9.03 (± 6.55) 7.49 (± 5.10) 6.86 (± 4.91) 7.79 (± 5.63) < 0.001* - Cell wall thickness (µm) 8.30 (± 2.17) 7.52 (± 2.48) 7.61 (± 2.96) 7.81 (± 2.58) < 0.001* - Derived ratio Cell wall fraction (%) 67.30a (± 17.11) Keywords: apus; bamboo; culm; diameter; et al; fiber; properties; ratio; wall

• REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF THE FRESHWATER CLAM POKEA (Batissa violacea var. celebensis, von Marten 1897) (Bivalvia: Corbiculidae) IN THE POHARA RIVER, SOUTHEAST SULAWESI, INDONESIA by Bahtiar, Bahtiar; Anadi, La; Nurgayah, Wa; Hamzah, Muhaimin; Hernawan, Udhi Eko (2021) - T h s is a very relevant baseline information for the conservation management of Pokea population in the Pohara River. Month Male (%) Female (O/O) March 2012 April 201 2 May 2012 June 2012 July 2012 August 2012 September 2012 October 2012 November 2012 December 2012 January 201 3 F e b m a ~ 201 3 Total 65.0591 34.9409 Reproductive biology of freshwater clam Pokea in Pohara River - Bahtiar et al. Keywords: bahtiar; gonad; gonadal; gsi; male; pohara; pokea; reproductive; river; spawning; stage; sulawesi

• DIVERSITY, MORPHOMETRY, AND POPULATION ABUNDANCE OF SEA URCHIN (Tripneustes gratilla) IN NORTH LOMBOK by Gultom, Victor David Nico (2025) - This research aimed to record the diversity, morphometry, abundance, and habitat type of sea urchins in North Lombok coastal areas and record the gleaning activity conducted by local villagers in sea urchin habitats. A study on diversity, abundance, and morphometry can provide a base for characterizing sea urchin population and provide a strong baseline to design and implement management policy. Keywords: abundance; bay; beach; coral; doi; gratilla; lombok; north; sea; seagrass; test; transect; tripneustes; urchin

• THE PERFORMANCE OF SOYBEAN (c.v. Americana) ESTABLISHED BY ZERO TILLAGE TECHNIQUE IN IMPERATA FIELD CONTROLLED BY HERBICIDES by TJITROSEMITO, SOEKISMAN (2024) - Time of planting after treatment did not affect the height of soybean plant as indicated by the absence of phytotoxicity. History of soybean production. Keywords: alang; glufosinate; soybean

• BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION AND ECOTOURISM IN URBAN FORESTS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS by Ardiansyah, Rhomi; Nissauqodry, Stevie Vista; Kaharuddin; Utami, Retno Nur (2025) - Our results showed that interdisciplinary studies on urban forests have been conducted since 2020, with a focus on environmental services, mental health, psychology, and pro-environmental behavior. Based on this review, we propose a conceptual framework that integrates the ecological and social dimensions of urban forest research, which emphasizes the need for geographical-based, society-based, and interdisciplinary approaches to maximize the multifunctional benefits of urban forests. Keywords: behavior; biodiversity; conservation; doi; ecosystem; ecotourism; et al; forests; green; health; research; review; studies; urban; visitor

• CONSERVATION STATUS AND PROPAGATION OF Camellia dalatensis AND Camellia capitata BY CUTTINGS by Le Hong , En; Do Van, Duong; Nguyen Pham, Doan; Nguyen Van, Phuc; Ngo Van, Cam; Le Thi Thuy, Hoa; Nguyen Ba, Trung; Ho Si, Hung; Ngo Giang, Phi; Nguyen Thanh, Nguyen; Hoang Thanh, Truong; Truong Quang, Cuong (2024) - Effect of NAA and IBA on rooting of Camellia cuttings. Comparing the rooting parameters, the effective cutting type for C. capitata propagation was semi- hardwood stem cuttings. Keywords: camellia; capitata; cuttings; dalatensis; iba; internet; length; number; percentage; propagation; rooting; species; survival
• OPTIMIZATION AND EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT OF IN-HOUSE IMMUNOAFFINITY COLUMN KU-AF02 FOR AFLATOXIN DETECTION by Kooprasertying, Phakpoom; Maneeboon, Thanapoom; Iamtaweejaroen, Panrapee; Hongprayoon, Ratchanee; Mahakarnchanakul, Warapa (2017) - The highest organic solvent concentration to be passed through IAC column was 30% (Scott & Trucksess 1997). ANOVA results in our study showed that the amount of antibody and CNBr-activated sepharose 4B as supporting material had significant effect on the recovery percentage ( < p 0.05), in which our study used 200 ng AFB for 1 testing the efficiency of IAC column. Keywords: afb; afs; antibody; cnbr; column; coupling; iac; material; percentage; recovery; sepharose; sepharose 4b
• VIABILITY AND PLASMA MEMBRANE INTEGRITY OF THE SPOTTED BUFFALO EPIDIDYMAL SPERMATOZOA AFTER THAWING WITH THE ADDITION OF DEXTROSE INTO THE EXTENDER by YULNAWATI, YULNAWATI; H. MAHESHWARI; HERDIS; M. RIZAL (2024) - Th e results showed that the quality of epididymal spermatozoa decreased during cryopreservation process. The avarage quality of fresh spotted buffalo epididymal spermatozoa Parameters Mean ± st.dev Concentration (x 106 sperma/ml) 10445 ± 43.62 Volume (ml) 0.45 Progressive motility (%) 65.0 ± 0.00 Live (%) 79.3 ± 1.30 Abnormality (%) 15.0 ± 2.24 Plasma Membrane Integrity (%) 80.8 ± 0.43 Epididymal spermatozoa of the spotted buff alo – Yulnawati et al. 24 The percentage of the epididymal spermatozoa motility obtained from the research was 65 % and this value is still in the range of the requirements for using it in the artificial insemination (AI) application. Keywords: buffalo; epididymal; integrity; membrane; motility; percentage; plasma; spermatozoa

• HISTOPATHOLOGY OF THE TELENCEPHALON AND DIENCEPHALON OF T1LAPIA NILOTICA EXPOSED TO SUBLETHAL DOSE OF MALATHION S-[1,2-DI-(ETHOXYCARBONYL ETHYL) DIMETHYL PHOSPHOROTHIOLOTHIONATE] by AMPARADO, EDNA A (2011) - Necrosis is attributed to the binding of the toxicant to the SH group in the neuronal membrane (Trump et al. 1978), failure of the neuronal plasma membrane ATPase system (Chang et al. 1982) and interaction of the lipophilic pesticide with the cell membrane (Triebskorn and Kunast 1990), and increase in acetylcholine release that induced increased membrane permeability to sodium, potassium, and calcium ions (Kabayashi et al. 1988). Membrane deformations are similar to the necrosis in the brain of Pacific herring larvae, Clupea harenguipallasi, exposed to crude oil (Cameron and Smith 1980), larvae hatched from eggs that have been incubated in varying concentrations of zinc (Somasundaram et al. 1984) and in Paraclithys lethosigma exposed to mercury (Trump et al. 1975) and mouse brain exposed to the neurotoxicant trimethyltin (Chang et al. 1982). Keywords: day; malathion; neurons; nilotica; ppm; tilapia
• EFFECTS OF CARBOFURAN ON THE REPRODUCTIVE CAPACITY OF A FRESHWATER SNAIL, RADIX QUADRASI, UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS by CARING, VIRGINIA S (2011) - Radix quadrasi BIOTROPIA No. 5, 1991/1992 Laboratory maintenance and culture of snails, maintenance of eggs and young snails followed that of de Lara and Enriquez (1981) and Pagulayan and Darvin (1986). The hatching period is longer in treated snails and not all eggs hatch in the 1000 and 2000 ppm treatment. Keywords: average; oviposition; ppm; reproductive; snails

• EMBRYO RECONSTRUCTION BY TRANSPLANTATION OF THE DONOR INNER CELL MASS TO THE RECIPIENT BOVINE BLASTOCYST by BOEDIONO, ARIEF (2024) - Reconstructed embryos were cultured overnight and then examined morphologically according to the re-expansion of blastocyst with the presence of original and donor ICMs (Method 1 and 2) and the re-expansion of the blastocyst with or without donor ICM (Method 3). To avoid the development of the original recipient ICM into the reconstructed blastocyst, the removal of ICM recipient blastocyst by cutting followed by insertion of the donor ICM (Method 3) is the most definite way to produce interspecies pregnancy. Keywords: blastocyst; donor; icm; method; recipient

• COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PROBING AND CONTRAST RADIOGRAPHY FOR GENDER DETERMINATION IN RETICULATED PYTHONS (Malayopython reticulatus) by Tan, Zhi Yien; Poetri, Okti Nadia; Ulum, Mokhamad Fakhrul (2024) - The use of contrast medium in snake radiography allows for enhanced visualization and helps identify specific reproductive conditions or disorders that are not easily detectable with regular radiography. Knowledge of snake gender can also help in diagnosing diseases affecting reproductive organs (Gnudi et al. 2009). Keywords: contrast; determination; female; gender; length; male; probe; probing; pythons; radiography; results; snake

• COMPARATIVE STUDY ON OVA RECOVERY IN Bos indicus AND Bos taurus CATTLE: A SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS STUDY by Darodjah Rasad, Siti; Hilmia, Nena; Suryanah, Sari; Sumantri, Cece; Irma, Irma (2025) - Bos indicus is more diverse and is domesticated 2,000 years later than that of Bos taurus cattle. Ovarian follicular dynamics in Bos indicus and Bos taurus beef cattle. Keywords: bos; bos indicus; bos taurus; breeds; cattle; dairy; et al; holstein; indicus; ova; recovery; studies; taurus

• THE LIVERWORT GENUS Marchantia (Marchantiaceae) OF MOUNT SIBAYAK NORTH SUMATRA, INDONESIA by Siregar, Etti Sartina; Ariyanti, Nunik S.; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Sri S. (2014) - Marchantia Marchantia - - - - Marchantia Marchantia Marchantia M. acaulis M. emarginata M. geminata M. paleacea, M. polymorpha, M. treubii Marchantia Marchantia polymorpha Marchantia emarginata, M. geminata M. treubii Marchantia geminata Marchantia acaulis Marchantia M. polymorpha Marchantia Marchantia paleacea M. miqueliana Marchantia grisea sumatrana M. acaulis M. wallisii MATERIALS AND METHOD RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 74 BIOTROPIA Vol. 20 No. 2, 2013 Key to species of in Mount Sibayak North Sumatra and the species of recorded from Sumatra (modified from Bischler- Causse 1989): Marchantia , Marchantia 1. This study was conducted to explore the diversity of in Mount Sibayak North Sumatra, Indonesia. Keywords: etti; marchantia; marchantia marchantia; median; sibayak; species; sumatra

• TWO NEW Aphelenchoides Fischer 1894 (Nematoda: Tylenchina) FROM MANIPUR, NORTH EAST INDIA by Chanu, Loukrakpam Bina; Mohilal, Naorem (2014) - 4 4 Aphelenchoides neominoris Aphelenchoides neominoris Aphelenchoides neominoris Aphelenchoides Aphelenchoides minoris Aphelenchoides absari Aphelenchoides vaughani Two new Fischer, 1894 (nematoda: tylenchina) Loukrakpam Bina ChanuAphelenchoides – et al. Characters Holotype Paratypes n 1 10 Stylet 8.65 8.65 Length 0.439 0.351 – 0.439 (383.48 ± 39.71) a 36.29 36.29 – 40.6 (38.44± 2.16) Max. body width 17.3 17.3 – 19.03(17.87±0.815) 13.38 Lip diameter 5.19 5.19 5.13 Lip height 1.73 1.73 1.73 Keywords: aphelenchoides; body; length; nov; stylet

• NOTES ON THE FAMILY AMPULLARIIDAE (GASTROPODA: PROSOBRANCHIA) IN THE PHILIPPINES: I. DIGESTIVE, CIRCULATORY, AND EXCRETORY SYSTEMS by PAOULAYAN, ROBERTO C (2024) - These are: P. conica, P. ampullacea, P. mainitensis, P. quadrasi, and P. vittala. These are: P. conica, P. vittata, P. quadrasi, P. mainitensis, and P. ampullacea. Keywords: anterior; cavity; chamber; conica; fig; gill; kidney; mantle; p. conica; pila; posterior; right; sac; snails; species; stomach; vein
• NOTES ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF INVASIVE FRESHWATER SNAIL POMACEA CANALICULATA (LAMARCK, 1822) AND P. INSULARUM ( D'ORBIGNY, 1835) IN INDONESIA by MARWOTO, RISTIYANTI M.; NUR, NUR R. ISNANINGSIH (2012) - This finding added the number of invasive snails in Indonesia to two species. P. insularum P. canaliculata P. insularum Notes on the distribution of invasive freshwater snail ..... - Ristiyanti M. Marwoto .et Keywords: apple; canaliculata; insularum; snails

• EFFECT OF SALINITY ON THE SURVIVAL, GROWTH AND IMMUNITY RATE OF JUVENILE SEA CUCUMBERS (Holothuria scabra) by Sembiring, Sari Budi Moria; Wibawa, Gigih Setia; Hutapea, Jhon Harianto; Giri, I Nyoman Adiasmara (2019) - 1041.cdr 350.0 300.0 250.0 200.0 150.0 100.0 50.0 0.0 -1 O sm o la li ty ( m O s- m o l k g ) 24 + 2 ppt 29 + 2 ppt 34 + 2 ppt 39 + 2 ppt 44 + 2 ppt Treatment b a ab d c 24 + 2 ppt 29 + 2 ppt 34 + 2 ppt 39 + 2 ppt 44 + 2 ppt Treatment T o ta l C o u n ts o f C o lo em o cy te s C el ls 4 -1 (X 10 c el ls m L ) 4000.0 3000.0 2000.0 1000.0 0.0 ab ab b a a T o ta l co u n ts o f P h ag o cy ti c C el ls 4 -1 (X 10 c el ls m L ) 250.0 200.0 150.0 100.0 50.0 0.0 24 + 2 ppt 29 + 2 ppt 34 + 2 ppt 39 + 2 ppt 44 + 2 ppt Treatment a b b a a Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 Page 9 Keywords: ppt

• ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI FROM THE RfflZOSPHERES OF SOYBEAN CROPS IN LAMPUNG AND WEST JAVA*) by KRAMADIBRATA, K.; RIYANTI, E.I.; SIMANUNGKALIT, R.D.M. (2024) - Collections examined: KRS#4, KRS#7, and KRS#17, New Sukadana Village, Sukadana Subdistrict, Central Lampung District; KRS#45, KRS#46, KRS#47, and KRS#52, Gantiwarno Village, Pekalongan Subdistrict, Central Lampung district. Collections examined: KRS#41, KRS#42, KRS#43, KRS#44 and KRS#53, Gantiwarno Village, Pekalongan Subdistrict, Central Lampung District; KRS#82, Experimental Farm Cikeumeuh I, Bogor; KRS#83, Experimental Farm Muara I, Bogor; KRS#94 Keywords: central; collections; district; lampung; spores; wall

• MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF MONASCUS FUNGI BASED ON INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACER REGION by SUHARNA, N; KIKUCHI, Y.; FUKATSU, T. (2011) - However, despite of this finding, it is still much surprising in regard with the outstanding morphological differences of several strains as mainly possessed by whitish strains such as Monascus sp. KA30.1, Monascus sp. MYOM, Monascus sp. KTB, Monascus sp. Key words : Molecular genetics/Monascus spp./fungi INTRODUCTION Hawksworth and Pitt (1983) cited that Monascus species (Monascaceae) are important for producing Asian fermented foods particularly red rice (ang-kak), rice wine and kaoliang brandy, soy bean cheese and food colorants; for their antibacterial properties; production of mycotoxin; and a major component of silage mycofloras. Keywords: monascus; purpureus; ruber; species; strains

• THE EFFECTS OF a-CHLOROHYDRIN ON THE GESTATION OF THE WISTAR RAT (Rattus norvegicus) by RAHMANIAH, RAHMANIAH (2024) - To account for the higher values of post-implantation mortality when the drug was presented in the early post-implantation period as compared to the results obtained when treatment occurred in the late post-implantation period, it is conceivable that the placental barrier, once completely formed during post-implantation treatment, may have reduced transfer of the drug and lower embryo resorption (Juchau 1981). For the early post-implantation and late post-implantation groups, a-chlorohydrin caused a significant increase in post-implantation mortality compared to the control groups. Keywords: chlorohydrin; gestation; implantation; post

• MORPHOMETRIC STUDY FOR IDENTIFICATION OF THE BACTROCERA DORSALIS COMPLEX (DIPTERA : TEPHRITIDAE) USING WING IMAGE ANALYSIS by ADSAVAKULCHAI', A.; BAIMAI, V.; PRACHYABRUED, W.; GROTE, PAUL J.; LERTLUM, S, (2024) - Adults from each collection were examined morpho- logically for species identification in correlation with chromosomal evidence and electromorphic allozyme patterns. Adults from each collection were examined morphologically for species identification in correlation with chromosomal evidence and electromorphic allozyme patterns. Keywords: bactrocera; complex; dorsalis; identification; image; species; wing

• POLLINATOR DIVERSITY AND FORAGING DYNAMICS ON MONSOON CROP OF CUCURBITS IN A TRADITIONAL LANDSCAPE OF SOUTH INDIAN WEST COAST by Balachandran, C.; Chandran, M. D. Subash; Vinay, S.; Shrikant, Naik; Ranachandra, T. V. (2017) - This study was aimed at observing insect pollinators, their visitation frequencies and timings on monsoon cucurbit crops such as Cucumis sativus L., C. pubescens Willd., Momordica charantia L., Trichonsanthes anguina L. and Luffa acutangula L. (Roxb.), in a coastal Karnataka Village. Studies from an ecological perspective reveal landscape level habitat heterogeneity as having strong bearings on sustaining insect pollinators (Verhulst et al. 2004; Roschewitz et al. 2005; Fahrig et al. 2011). Keywords: cerana; cucurbits; dorsata; foraging; gourd; hours; insect; landscape; minutes; pollinator; species; visits

• RESISTANCE AGAINST Aeromonas hydrophila INFECTION AND GROWTH OF SECOND GENERATION (F2) AFRICAN CATFISH (Clarias gariepinus) USING SELECTED MOLECULAR MARKERS by Alimuddin, Alimuddin; Putri, Fadhila Maharani; Wahjuningrum, Dinamella; Hardiantho, Dian; Sunarma, Ade; Nuryati, Sri (2018) - F2 African catfish resistant was consistent with the F1 fish, in which the offsprings of broodstock exhibiting MHC I marker have higher resistance compared to fishes whose broodstocks did not (Table 1). Growth and resistance of F2 African catfish against Aeromonas hydrophila – Keywords: broods; catfish; count; cross; fishes; hydrophila; infection; marker; mhc

• PRESERVATION OF GARUT RAMS SPERMATOZOON AS A SOURCE OF MALE GERM PLASM by BOEDIONO, ARIEF; HERDIS; RIZAL', MUHAMMAD (2011) - Collected sperms were then diluted for fresh sperm insemination, sperm preservation or sperm cryopreservation. Collected sperms were evaluated daily. Keywords: garut; membrane; motility; plasma; rams; sperm

• THE ESTABLISHMENT OF PROCECIDOCHARES CONNEXA IN WEST JAVA, INDONESIA : A BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENT OF CHROMOLAENA ODORATA by THTROSEMITO, SOEKISMAN (2024) - Since spread is also affected by the availability of C. odorata plants, this was not unreasonable. Cypsellas/plant production as affected by P. connexa recorded on 65 plants Characters Plants with galls Plants without galls Statistical test Number of plants 65 65 NS Number of twigs 264 316 NS Flowerheads/plan 27.7 40.95 P <. Keywords: connexa; galls; odorata

• ENDIANDRA KASSAMENSIS (LAURACEAE), A NEW SPECIES FROM NEW GUINEA by Arifiani, Deby (2013) - Raya Jakarta Bogor Km. 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natiural Science, Univesitas Indonesia UI Campus, Depok 16424, Indonesia Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natiural Science, Bogor Agricultural University Bogor 16680, Indonesia Endiandra Lauraceae Endiandra kassamensis Endiandra E. kassamensis Endiandra Lauraceae ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Key words: Endiandra Lauraceae Endiandra Endiandra Beilschmiedia Cryptocarya Potameia Cryptocaryeae Endiandra glauca Endiandra Endiandra is a medium-sized genus within the avocado family ( ) and consists of over 100 tree species. According to Rohwer (1993), the diversity of Lauraceae species are higher in lowland forests, which is in agreement with the diversity of in general except for several species of including that was only found in higher altitude forests, in the restricted area of Kassam Pass, Kainantu Subdistrict. Keywords: endiandra; guinea; indument; kassamensis; shape; species

• A COLLECTION OF TICKS (IXODIDAE) FROM SULAWESI UTARA, INDONESIA by DURDEN, L.A. (2024) - The comparatively small size of these host animals made infestation by adult ticks (which are identifiable to the species level) unlikely, so adult ticks were taken from vegetation when possible to supplement the collections. The three species of adult ticks that were collected are fairly well known. Keywords: amblyomma; chsw; ticks

• Eimeria SPECIES COMPOSITION AND FACTORS INFLUENCING OOCYST SHEDDING IN DAIRY FARM, BANDUNG, INDONESIA by Sufi, Isrok Malikus; Cahyaningsih, Umi; Sudarnika, Etih (2017) - The results of Eimeria species oocysts in dairy cattle in KPBS Pangalengan, Bandung (a) Eimeria bovis; (b) Eimeria wyomingensis; (c) Eimeria bukidnonensis; (d) Eimeria pellita; (e) Eimeria auburnensis; (f) Eimeria zuernii; (g) Eimeria cylindrica; (h) Eimeria canadensis; (i) Eimeria brasiliensis; (j) Eimeria alabamensis 400 fecal samples, there were 179 fecal samples (44.8% prevalence; Confidence Interval (CI) 95%; 40.0 49.6 ) contained Eimeria oocysts. The objective of this study was to determine Eimeria species composition and various factors influencing Eimeria oocysts shedding in dairy farm. Keywords: cattle; eimeria; oocysts; opg; species

• THE EFFECTS OF RAINFALL ON Penaeus monodon Fabricius POPULATIONS IN THE SEGARA ANAKAN LAGOON, CENTRAL JAVA, INDONESIA by Pratiwi, Rianta; Sukardjo, Sukristiono (2018) - Hal. 164-178 Keywords: hal
• BENTHIC DIATOMS IN THE PING RIVER AND ITS TRIBUTARIES IN MAE TAENG DISTRICT, CHIANG MAI PROVINCE, THAILAND by Leelahakriengkrai, Pongpan; Kunpradid, Tatporn (2018) - Hal. 190-201 Keywords: hal

• NUTRIENT TRANSFER IN VESICULAR-ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAS: A NEW MODEL BASED ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF ATPases ON FUNGAL AND PLANT MEMBRANES by SMITH, F.A.; SMITH, S.E. (2024) - P transfer can be explained by breakdown (digestion) of arbuscules, releasing P to the host. The arbuscules may indeed play a major role in P transfer. Keywords: interface; mycorrhizas; smith; transfer; transport

• POTENTIAL ROLE OF WILD CRUCIFERS IN THE PRESERVATION OF DIADEGMA EUCEROPHAGA HORSTMAN (HYMENOPTERA: ICHNEUMONIDAE), A PARASITOID OF THE DIAMONDBACK MOTH, PLUTELLA XYLOSTELLA LINNAEUS (LEPIDOPTERA: PLUTELLIDAE) by KARTOSUWONDO, UTOMO (2011) - Preservation of natural enemies can be achieved, among other means, through the provision of refuge for natural enemies by managing wild host plants growing 31 BIOTROPIA No. 4, 1990/1991 in the surrounding of the main-crop field. Preservation of natural enemies through appropriate management of wild host plants is a feasible means which can be in- corporated in any crop pest management (van Emden 1976). Keywords: diamondback; eucerophaga; heterophyllum; hirsuta; moth

• INVASIVE GRASS IN INDONESIA: WHAT HAPPEN UP TO 2012? WITH COMPARISON OTHER INSTITUTION AND GOVERNMENT by sumadijaya, alex (2012) - Alex (The Spread).cdr 6. Keywords: alex

• PLANT COMMUNITY AND SOIL RELATIONSHIP FOLLOWING WILDFIRES FROM NUEES ARDENTES ON MT. MERAPI by Sutomo, Sutomo; Fardila, Dini (2012) - Sutomoo (Plnat Comunity).cdr 1. Keywords: plnat

• POPULATION GENETICS OF THE CRITICALLY ENDANGERED SPECIES Dipterocarpus littoralis Blume (Dipterocarpaceae) ENDEMIC ON NUSAKAMBANGAN ISLAND, INDONESIA by Dwiyanti, Fifi Gus; Harada, Ko; Siregar, Iskandar Zulkarnaen; Kamiya, Koichi (2014) - Kali Jati Solok Bokong S o lo k D e w a ta 2. Solok Besek 1. Keywords: solok

• PHYLOGENETICAL STUDY OF WILD BANANA SPECIES (Musa L.) IN SULAWESI INFERRED FROM INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACER REGION OF NUCLEAR RIBOSOMAL DNA SEQUENCES by Sulistyaningsih, Lulut Dwi; Megia, Rita; Widjaja, Elizabeth Anita (2014) - Lulut (Phylogenetical).cdr 7 2. Keywords: lulut

• IDENTIFICATION OF Ralstonia solanacearum ISOLATED FROM A NEW HOST: Cosmos caudatus IN INDONESIA by Hanudin, Hanudin; Budiarto, Kurniawan; Marwoto, Budi (2014) - Hanudin (Identification).cdr 3. Keywords: hanudin

• MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION AND PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIP AMONG LOCAL, SANGKURIANG, AND AFRICAN CATFISH BASED ON RAPD MARKER by Nuryanto, Agus (2012) - Agus Nuryanto (Molecular).cdr 5. Keywords: molecular).cdr

• SOIL WATER BALANCE, BIOMASS AND YIELD OF POTATO CROP (Solanum tuberosum L.) GROWN IN HIGH ALTITUDE HUMID TROPICS OF INDONESIA by Salwati, R; Handoko, I (2012) - Handoko (Soil Water).cdr 2. Keywords: handoko

Epilogue

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Created: 2025-12-25