619 Tri Ratna (Payment for Enviro).cdr BIOTROPIA 4 2 7 127 139 Vol. 2 No. , 201 : - DOI: 10.11598/btb.201 .2 . .7 4 2 619 * Corresponding author: trsdewi74@yahoo.com 127 128 BIOTROPIA Vol. 24 No. 2, 2017 129 Payment for environmental services approach to reduce flood in Ciliwung Watershed – Saridewi et al. Figure 1 Research location 130 BIOTROPIA Vol. 24 No. 2, 2017 Table 1 Change of land use pattern in Ciliwung Watershed Land use pattern Year 1989 Year 2000 Year 2010 Year 2014 ha % ha % ha % ha % Water body 366.16 0.95 308.95 0.80 320.67 0.83 292.21 0.76 Built-up areas 25,433.93 65.97 25,673.99 66.59 26,066.72 67.61 27,957.00 72.52 Grassland areas 1,929.61 5.01 1,975.02 5.12 2,017.55 5.23 1,815.91 4.71 Open areas 945.08 2.45 1,004.81 2.61 926.69 2.40 996.86 2.59 Dryland farming areas 4,476.15 11.61 4,290.66 11.13 3,933.61 10.20 2,272.64 5.89 Forest areas 4,614.06 11.97 4,521.74 11.73 4,390.38 11.39 4,241.21 11.00 Paddy field areas 788.22 2.04 778.05 2.02 897.59 2.33 977.37 2.54 Total 38,553.21 100.00 38,553.21 100.00 38,553.21 100.00 38,553.21 100.00 Source : Landsat satellite image 1989, 2000, 2010 and 2014 131 Table 2 Land use pattern, precipitation and river water level on each subwatershed Year Location Water body (ha) Built-up areas (ha) Grassland (ha) Open area (ha) Dryland farming (ha) Forest (ha) Grassland (ha) Precipi- tation (mm) Water level (cm) 1989 Upstream 35.9 6,269.7 124.1 188 3,257 4,614.1 725.8 5,143 110 2000 Upstream 78.1 6,334.7 116.9 276.5 3,159 4,521.7 728.2 1,201 110 2010 Upstream 96.7 6,665.1 148.9 186.3 3,009 4,390.4 718 840 116 2014 Upstream 64.1 7,844.2 113.1 224.7 1,914 4,241.2 813.1 1,024 128 1989 Midstream 74.5 13,700.3 1,526.6 496.1 1,017 0 62.4 534 250 2000 Midstream 78.3 13,808.6 1,549.1 461.1 929.4 0 49.8 652 250 2010 Midstream 61 13,861.9 1,563.5 456 754.3 0 179.6 1,142 400 2014 Midstream 68.,8 1,4547 1,409.2 498.7 188.4 0 164.3 1,383 450 1989 Downstream 255.8 5,463.9 278.9 261 202.6 0 0 1,588 685 2000 Downstream 152.5 5,530.7 309 267.2 202.6 0 0 1,625 853 2010 Downstream 162.9 5,539.7 305.2 284.3 170 0 0 2,360 717 2014 Downstream 159.3 5,565.8 293.6 273.4 170 0 0 2,907 784 Source: Landsat satellite image 1989, 2000, 2010 and 2014; The Ministry of Public Work 1989, 2000, 2010 and 2014 Payment for environmental services approach to reduce flood in Ciliwung Watershed – Saridewi et al. 132 BIOTROPIA Vol. 24 No. 2, 2017 Figure 2 Systems thinking of the optimum spatial planning model Tabel 3. Land use patterns change and the change direction in upstream areas between 1989 and 2014 2014 Water body Forest Built-up area Dryland farming Grassland Paddy field Open area Grand total 19 89 Water body 7.53 27.98 0.43 35.94 Forest 4,241 85.91 149.10 131.35 6.42 4,614.00 Built-up area 6,205 6,269.70 Dryland farming 1,555 1,661.30 1.45 38.36 3,257.10 Grassland 11.02 113.10 124.12 Paddy field 89.96 635.86 725.82 Open area 8.05 179.90 187.97 Grand total 4,241 7,953 1,849 113.10 769.09 224.70 15,214 Source: Landsat satellite year 1989 and 2014, analyzed run off Policies Environmental services Land cover change WTP WTAPopulation Value of farm land 133 Figure 4 Runoff submodel Figure 3 Submodel for land use change Payment for environmental services approach to reduce flood in Ciliwung Watershed – Saridewi et al. 134 BIOTROPIA Vol. 24 No. 2, 2017 Figure 5 Value of farmland submodel Figure 6 Upstream subsidy policy submodel 135 Figure 7 Population dynamics submodel Figure 8 Environmental services submodel Payment for environmental services approach to reduce flood in Ciliwung Watershed – Saridewi et al. Figure 9 Description of land use pattern versus water level BIOTROPIA Vol. 24 No. 2, 2017 136 Figure 10 Simulation of water level resulted from the four scenarios 137 Payment for environmental services approach to reduce flood in Ciliwung Watershed – Saridewi et al. Table 4 Land use pattern in years 2014 and 2023 Land cover Year 2014 Year 2023 Difference (ha) (ha) (%) (ha) (%) Water body 299.85 0.78 317.88 0.82 18.03 Forest 4,241.21 11.00 4,142.50 10.74 -98.71 Built up area 27,957.0 72.52 27,116.55 70.34 -840.45 Dryland farming 2,272.64 5.89 3,144.65 8.16 872.01 Grassland 1,808.27 4.69 1,914.65 4.97 106.38 Paddy field 977.37 2.54 920.60 2.39 -56.77 Open area 996.86 2.59 996.38 2.58 -0.48 Total 38,553.20 100 38,553.20 100 - BIOTROPIA Vol. 24 No. 2, 2017 138 139 Payment for environmental services approach to reduce flood in Ciliwung Watershed – Saridewi et al. Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 Page 9 Page 10 Page 11 Page 12 Page 13