biht: A Pathfinder

This is a computer-generated pathfinder created against the Distant Reader study called biht.

Each Distant Reader study carrel is composed of many individual items. Each item is bibliographically described with author, title, date, summary, and keyword values. Below is a list of the items' most signficant keywords as well as lists of the items themselves. Purpusing the content of this pathfinder provides the student, researcher, or scholar with one way to get their heads around the scope of the carrel. The keywords include:

Data; Healthcare; Citation; Health; Patients; Framework; Dropbox; Url; Bhty; Seaberg

Depending on how this pathfinder was created, many of the bibliographic sections will include elaborations on the meaning(s) of the given keywords. These elaborations were generated by feeding the items' summaries to a large langauge model and asking the model to address the question, "What is X?", where "X" is the keyword. The result will be a few sentences of elaboration. Be forewarned. The elaborations are often plausible, but they should not be take as truth. Instead, they should be taken as points for consideration.

• Enforcing Human Subject Regulations using Blockchain and Smart Contracts by Choudhury, Olivia; Sarker, Hillol; Rudolph, Nolan; Foreman, Morgan; Fay, Nicholas; Dhuliawala, Murtaza; Sylla, Issa; Fairoza, Noor; Das, Amar K (2018) - Consent may also be required again if any major changes happen to the subject's ability or willingness to take part in research or if any new major information has become known during the conduct of the study.14 When consent is needed, there are multiple types that can be used for research studies. E. Safety Measures Collateral benefits are a natural side effect of research studies, which are often beneficial to the recipient. Keywords: access; blockchain; consent; contract; data; healthcare; https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v1.10; irb; ledger; network; research; study; subjects; system; transaction
• Top 10 Blockchain Predictions for the (Near) Future of Healthcare by Halamka, John D; Alterovitz, Gil; Buchanan, William J.; Cenaj, Tory; Clauson, Kevin A.; Dhillon, Vikram; Hudson, Florence D.; Mokhtari, Manouchehr (Mitch); Porto, Dennis A.; Rutschman, Ana; Ngo, Anh L. (2019) - We will see serious efforts to create and capture value in healthcare blockchain: pharmaceutical supply chain management, opioid and cannabis diversion control, physician credentialing, as well as clinical trial and patient data management. In the coming year, the distinction between enterprise blockchains and public blockchains will begin to blur. Keywords: bitcoin; blockchain; consent; data; healthcare; medical; public; records; school; today; university; url; use
• Evaluating Blockchain for the Governance of the Plasma Derivatives Supply Chain: How Distributed Ledger Technology Can Mitigate Plasma Supply Chain Risks by Peltoniemi, Teijo; Ihalainen, Jarkko (2019) - In this section, we will discuss some use cases for blockchain in plasma supply chain. Conclusions: Blockchain can have a role in mitigating plasma supply chain risks. Keywords: blockchain; blood; data; donations; example; healthcare; https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v2.107; pharmaceutical; plasma; plasma supply; products; research; risks; solution; supply; supply chain
• Ethical Implementation of the Learning Healthcare System with Blockchain Technology by Gross, Marielle S.; Miller, Robert C. (2019) - Determining who has access to which health data will be essential for a truly interconnected system (e.g., whether physicians or insurance companies should have access to user data from durable medical equipment or fitness trackers). We demonstrate how a blockchain-enabled LHCS could foster patient willingness to contribute to learning by providing desired security and control over health data. Keywords: blockchain; data; health; healthcare; https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v2.113; learning; lhcs; patients; peer; system; technology
• Implementation Considerations for Blockchain in Healthcare Institutions by Paranjape, Ketan; Parker, Mitchell; Houlding, David; Car, Josip (2019) - Email: ketan.paranjape@roche.com Keywords: Blockchain technology, Healthcare institutions, Implementation, Immutability, Liquidity, Patient records, Protected health information, Tutorial Section: Use Cases/Pilots/Deployment Objective: This article aims to provide a primer on blockchain technology and implementation considerations for blockchain at healthcare institutions. Results: After research and interviews, we developed a primer and a high-level implementation guide for healthcare systems exploring the use of blockchain technology. Keywords: access; blockchain; data; healthcare; https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v2.114; information; internet; jul; patient; records; security; technology; use
• OpenPharma Blockchain on FHIR: An Interoperable Solution for Read-Only Health Records Exchange through Blockchain and Biometrics by Carter, Gracie; Chevellereau, Ben; Shahriar, Hossain; Sneha, Sweta (2020) - All information would be encrypted and require matching digital key pairs to access data. In addition, SMART on FHIR provides a layer of security for patient data through a mature authorization model for third-party applications using the OAuth standards.19 The coupling of multilayer encryption and tokens secures patient identifiers on a public blockchain. Keywords: access; blockchain; data; encryption; fhir; healthcare; information; key; obf; patient; records; system
• Blockchain, Interoperability, and Self-Sovereign Identity: Trust Me, It’s My Data by StClair, Jim; Ingraham, Ann; King, Dominic; Marchant, Michael B.; McCraw, Fletcher Cotesworth; Metcalf, David; Squeo, John (2020) - Self-sovereign identity can be characterized as the: • Existence of a person’s identity independent of identity administrators • Control of their digital identity • Full access to their own data • Interoperable digital identities • Protection of individual rights8 BLOCKCHAIN AS A SOLUTION The fundamental promise of blockchain is to provide a seamless method for multiple entities to share data without a single entity fully controlling all of the information.5 Bhargav-Spantzel A, Squicciarini AC, Bertino E. Establishing and protecting digital identity in federation systems. Keywords: blockchain; data; healthcare; identity; management; technology
• Predictions for Blockchain in 2020 by Mathew, George T.; Porto, Dennis A; Ribitzky, Ron; Ramonat, Susan; Broedl, Uli C; Clauson, Kevin A; Ricotta, Frank; Cenaj, Tory; Ngo, Anh L (2020) - Gartner hype cycle for blockchain business shows blockchain will have a transformational impact across industries in five to 10 years. We can also expect an increase in presentations of successfully completed pilots (i.e., the field still needs to develop a “failure culture” to openly discuss and learn from unsuccessful projects) driving broader awareness of, interest in, and experimentation with blockchain technology in healthcare. Keywords: adoption; blockchain; data; healthcare; https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v3.126; internet; jan; new; solutions; technology
• Blockchain as a Foundation for Sharing Healthcare Data by Cyran, Marek A (2018) - Blockchain Journal Article_revisions_final2[1] Blockchain in Healthcare Today™ ISSN 2573-8240 online https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v1.13 Blockchain as a Foundation for Sharing Healthcare Data Marek A Cyran1 Author: 1Booz Allen Hamilton, Inc., 8283 Greensboro Dr., McLean, VA 22102, United States Corresponding Author: Marek A Cyran at Cyran_Marek2@bah.com Keywords: Blockchain, Data Exchange, Data Sharing, EHR, Electronic Health Record, Ethereum, Interplanetary File System, IPFS Section: Use Cases/Pilots/Methodologies Blockchain technology has the potential to transform healthcare delivery by facilitating data sharing between providers and electronic health record (EHR) systems. By providing doctors, patients, researchers, and other healthcare professionals with a mechanism for the controlled exchange of sensitive, permissioned data, blockchain technology can improve data sharing and transparency between clinical and research data systems. Keywords: blockchain; data; healthcare; hospital; sharing; solution; system
• Design Principles Of The Blockchain Network: Security, Scalability, And Sustainability By Design by Gaur, Nitin; Curbera, Francisco (2019) - My focus for 2019 wrt to Blockchain $ 23 What would enterprise chain infrastructure look like? Integrated enterprise will need more than one specialized use case • Driving synergies between blockchains • Invisible blockchain infrastructure • Inter- and Intra-enterprise connections • Concept introduction – Interledger – Intraledger • Cross the trust systems for transactions • Fractal visibility of ledger data • Enterprise visibility – control systems Enterprise Chain Infrastructure Payments Mortgage Initiation Securitization Trade Finance Crowdfunding Identity Partner Enterprise / DAO Interledger / ILP Conditional Contracts Conditional Contracts 24 Vision – ‘Interprise Synergy’ Enterprise chain infrastructure Design that enables new business models • Invisible enterprise chain infrastructure will provide foundation • Use of connectors, APIs to enable incumbent systems chain aware • Conditional contracts between chains – ‘Interprise Synergy’ • New business (e.g., P2P lending, crowdfunding) solely on blockchain Enterprise Systems BI / Data Enterprise Systems BI / Data Enterprise Chain Infrastructure Payments Mortgage Initiation Securitization Trade Finance Crowdfunding Identity Partner Enterprise / DAO Interledger / ILP Conditional Contracts Conditional Contracts Enterprise Systems BI / Data Enterprise Systems BI / Data Enterprise Systems 25 Separating blockchain from cryptocurrencies • Cryptocurrencies are one specific usage of Blockchain technology • Blockchain can be used to solve many more real-life business challenges without the fallacies of cryptocurrency • Exchange of digital currencies using cryptography • First crypto currency = Bitcoin • Fully decentralized • Anonymous participation, Transparent activity Cryptocurrency Blockchain Key Attributes • Distributed and Sustainable (Finality) • Secure and Un-editable (Immutability) • Research Billing & Payment Resolution Revenue Cycle Management Alternative Payment Models Provider Onboarding Coordination of Benefits Shared Accumulators Utilization Transparency Longitudinal Health Data Blockchain-based solutions can streamline and transform processes in the healthcare industry 5 Bundled Payments: fastest growing Alternative Payment Model “All-in” reimbursement price for an episode of care • Goal is to reduce cost of care while improving patient outcomes • Payers shift risk toward providers Common Bundled Episodes of Care • orthopedic surgery, hip/knee joint replacement, cardiac procedures Program Structure • Two levels of contracts among stakeholders – bundle program & risk-share agreements • Coordination of care across multiple healthcare providers • Information exchange – claim, quality and other data shared across stakeholders • Two primary models – Retrospective, Prospective Source: Forbes (fastest growing APM) Keywords: blockchain; business; data; enterprise; network; payment; systems
• The Last Mile: DSCSA Solution Through Blockchain Technology: Drug Tracking, Tracing, and Verification at the Last Mile of the Pharmaceutical Supply Chain with BRUINchain by Chien, William; de Jesus, Josenor; Taylor, Ben; Dods, Victor; Alekseyev, Leo; Shoda, Diane; Shieh, Perry B. (2020) - Figure 13—Scanning packages of study drug. Application events and metrics • 10 distinct asset IDs (boxes of study drug) Figure 14—The notification and associated verification flow. https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v3.134 Page 19 of 28 Blockchain in Healthcare TodayTM ISSN 2573-8240 online https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v3.134 • 9 distinct user IDs (including LedgerDomain personnel who did not transact) • 428 application programming interface (API) calls from 48 IP addresses ▪ 294 inventory summary changes ▪ 37 custody queries (looking up custody information on a particular asset) ▪ 23 changes of custody for 10 assets ▪ 28 asset verifications ▪ 20 user avatar queries ▪ 15 user profile updates (includes UCLA personnel reassigning location) ▪ 6 assets administered ▪ 3 queries of user by email address • 120 notifications sent In summary, during the busy pre-holiday week, UCLA started with six doses of the study drug in the pharmacy and two additional white-bagged doses in the clinic; by the week’s end, UCLA had three in pharmacy. Keywords: application; barcode; blockchain; bruinchain; data; drug; dscsa; figure; healthcare; https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v3.134; issn; jan; manufacturer; online; page; pharmacy; study; supply; system; time; todaytm; ucla; verification
• The business case for blockchain in health care — part I: Evaluating emerging technology: a solution framework and the potential business value by Loveys, Ali; Zur, Chen (2020) - Successful organizations build and leverage successful emerging technology business cases because of strong leadership who know their organization’s mission, business needs, pain points and the market landscape and who have a deep knowledge of their end users. The business case for blockchain in health care — part I Evaluating emerging technology: a solution framework and the potential business value When considering the business case for blockchain in health care, history proves to be an accurate guide. Keywords: blockchain; business; data; end; ernst; health; organizations; technology; young
• Open Data: Implications on Privacy in Healthcare Research by Chen, David (2020) - Through a deeper understanding of the source of healthcare open data and its implications, can the privacy needs be wholly appreciated? dchen362@uwo.ca Keywords: Open Data, Data Management, Blockchain, Healthcare Research Section: Review The advent of open data in health care has increased healthcare innovation, with the publication of complete datasets aggregated by private and public entities that lead to efficiency through crowdsourcing working code, facilitating research into personalized medicine, and publishing reproducible data pipelines for experimental validation. Keywords: april; blockchain; data; digital; government; healthcare; https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v3.144; information; open; personal; privacy; public; regulation; research; todaytm; use
• Critical Care Equipment Management Reimagined in an Emergency by Yong, Winston; Kundakchian, Anya (2020) - The team first looked at the data captured by Maximo hospital management system and analyzed which data points should be captured by the blockchain system—time of event, asset number, and location data. The configured XML files allowed data obtained from hospital system (Maximo) to be incorporated into blockchain with ease and with no intrusion to the Maximo system. Keywords: asset; blockchain; data; equipment; healthcare; hospital; proof; system; technology; ü ü
• 2020 Reflections: How a Pandemic Will Catalyze Innovation by Crenshaw, Katie (2020) - MANAGING AND VERIFYING DIGITAL IDENTITIES Identity management plays a major role in health care, from the tracking and validation of devices, supply chain processes, software, drugs and materials utilized in care delivery, the verification of credentials for clinicians providing care, and the matching of the correct https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v3.152 https://crossmark.crossref.org/dialog/?doi=10.30953/bhty.v3.152&domain=blockchainhealthcaretoday.com&date_stamp=2020-10-28 Page 2 of 2 Blockchain in Healthcare TodayTM ISSN 2573-8240 online https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v3.152 patient to their related health data. Several members are actively contributing to initiatives that aim to collaboratively solve many inefficiencies that currently exist in health care, both before, during and will continue, after this pandemic is over. Keywords: blockchain; care; data
• Harnessing the Power of Blockchains and Machine Learning to End the COVID-19 Pandemic by Fatoum, Hanaa A.; Kuzmeskas, Kat; Halamka, John D.; Hashmi, Shahrukh K. (2020) - There are currently two main methods for COVID-19 testing: molecular (detection of the viral ribonucleic acid through polymerase chain reaction [PCR]) and serology- (immunoglobulin G “It is a global-scale control and communication system that enables a swift and more precise early detection of COVID-19 carriers and infection hotspots through seamless and fully private information sharing between individuals, state authorities and health institutions such as hospitals and HMOs (health maintenance organizations), utilizing advanced technological tools and a dedicated user app, outsmarting COVID-19 using Crowd Data (the Intelligence of the Crowd), and can also help monitor and foresee local and global epidemiological trends and detect likely asymptomatic carriers by feeding big data on infection routes and occurrences to powerful artificial intelligence-based processors globally. Keywords: blockchain; covid-19; data; mass; pandemic; testing
• Leveraging the Hyperledger Fabric for Enhancing the Efficacy of Clinical Decision Support Systems by Gangula, Ramya; Thalla, Sri Varun ; Ikedum, Ijeoma ; Okpala, Chineze ; Sneha, Sweta (2021) - The conceptual model aims to be formulated leveraging a private, per- missioned blockchain framework, Hyperledger Fabric, to facilitate interoperability of patient health information and ensure its safety and privacy while being transacted in between healthcare systems. Keywords: CDSS; Hyperledger Fabric; blockchain; interoperability; alert fatigue; patient outcome Received: 7 October 2020; Revised: 24 January 2021; Accepted: 26 January 2021; Published: 17 February 2021 Clinical decision support systems (CDSS) are com- puter-based applications that analyze and intelli- gently filter data within electronic health records (EHRs) to assist providers, clinicians, administrative staff, and patients at the point of care. Keywords: blockchain; cdss; data; fabric; healthcare; hyperledger; information; network; patient; support; transaction
• The Case for Establishing a Blockchain Research and Development Program at an Academic Medical Center by Usman, Muhammad; Kallhoff, Verena; Khurshid, Anjum (2021) - PROOF OF CONCEPT The case for establishing a blockchain research and development program at an academic medical center Muhammad Usman1, Verena Kallhoff 2 and Anjum Khurshid2* 1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; 2Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA Abstract Objective: To develop a research and development program to study factors that will support research, educa- tion and innovation using blockchain technology for health in an effective and sustainable manner. This systematic study of areas where blockchain technology can impact health will guide the future development of research agenda for the researchers on campus. Keywords: access; applications; austin; bhil; blockchain; blockchain technology; citation; data; doi; education; healthcare; industry; information; lab; medical; opportunities; research; technology
• Blockchain Predictions for Health Care in 2021 by Kothari, Prasad; Nuce, Melanie ; Vasiliu-Feltes, Ingrid ; Hurley, Dominique ; Fox, Mercury ; Sneha, Sweta ; Charles, Wendy ; Nasr, Jim ; Iyengar, Radhika (2021) - Automating many administrative tasks and speeding up the care process has been one of the pivotal objectives of health care internet technology. In 2021, technology will combine to focus on the ‘Care’ in health care. Keywords: blockchain; care; data; digital; health; patient; research; technology
• Commercially Successful Blockchain Healthcare Projects: A Scoping Review by Fang, Hao Sen Andrew (2021) - In this first ever review of blockchain healthcare projects focusing on those that have attained commercial success, we found that healthcare projects make up a small frac- tion of the overall number of projects that have managed to penetrate the blockchain market, both in terms of market capitalization and number of projects. On a backdrop of rising interest in blockchain in general and blockchain healthcare applications in particular, there has been a proliferation of blockchain healthcare projects over the past few years. Keywords: blockchain; capitalization; citation; data; healthcare; internet; january; market; number; platform; projects; review; technology
• Evaluation of Decentralized Verifiable Credentials to Authenticate Authorized Trading Partners and Verify Drug Provenance by Ashkar, Ghada L. ; Patel, Kalpan s.; de Jesus, Josenor; Vinnakota, Nikkhil ; Helms, Natalie; Jack, Will; Chien, William; Taylor, Ben (2021) - Dispensers were on- boarded to a mobile application and used supporting documentation to authenticate their identities, and then scanned 2D drug barcodes to submit drug verification requests to manufacturers (including 11 additional, randomly selected manufacturers). During the course of testing, dispensers submitted drug verification requests to participating manufac- turers, as well as to randomly selected manufactur- ers, based on drug packages selected randomly from pharmacy inventory by the pharmacist. Keywords: blockchain; citation; data; dispensers; drug; february; framework; healthcare; manufacturers; packages; requests; synthetic; verification
• Public Health Surveillance using Decentralized Technologies by Bellod Cisneros, Jose Luis; Møller Aarestrup, Frank; Lund, Ole (2018) - Proposal for analysis of data in a TEE One caveat is that we need a method that is able to handle encrypted data. To avoid the legal and ethical challenges associated with data sharing, a hybrid public/private publication model will ensure real-time access to the data with the option of temporarily keeping the data private to guarantee that public health authorities can evaluate any issue regarding sensitive data. Keywords: access; blockchain; data; genomic; health; healthcare; https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v1.17; information; network; sharing; system; today
• A Proposal for Decentralized, Global, Verifiable Health Care Credential Standards Grounded in Pharmaceutical Authorized Trading Partners by Dods, Victor; Taylor, Ben (2021) - In other words, how does a verifier determine who is authorized to issue ATP credentials? Collaborative proposal for a common ATP VC standard Our vision is an interoperable system employing cryp- tographic schemes, which allow for the selective dis- closure of credential elements. Keywords: atp; care; chain; credentials; data; drug; february; group; health; identity; information; internet; supply; vcs; w3c
• MarkIt: A Collaborative Artificial Intelligence Annotation Platform Leveraging Blockchain For Medical Imaging Research by Witowski, Jan; Choi, Jongmun ; Jeon, Soomin; Kim, Doyun; Chung, Joowon; Conklin, John; Figueiro Longo, Maria Gabriela ; Succi, Marc D.; Do, Synho (2021) - The platform is publicly available for testing on https://markit.mgh.harvard.edu. Keywords: artificial intelligence; data annotation; learning from crowds; blockchain; rewarding system Received: 26 February 2021; Accepted: 24 March 2021; Revised: 24 March 2021; Published: 22 June 2021 As the field of supervised machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) becomes more ma- ture, researchers working on medical ML or AI aim to integrate more data to improve their models, as opposed to merely changes in the algorithm architecture (1–3). The main module for image annotation consists of a simple Digital Imaging and Communications in Med- icine (DICOM) viewer and labeling tools. Keywords: annotation; annotators; blockchain; citation; data; dicom; image; imaging; label; markit; medical; platform; time; value
• Ethics Governance Outside the Box: Reimagining Blockchain as a Policy Tool to Facilitate Single Ethics Review and Data Sharing for the 'omics' Sciences by Rahimzadeh, Vaso (2018) - Immutable record-keeping, automatable protocol amendments and direct connectivity between stakeholders in the research enterprise (e.g., researchers, research ethics committees, institutions, funders and regulators) comprise several of the conceptual and technological advantages of distributed ledger technologies to research ethics review. Increasing recognition of the need to marry clinical research and care in what the Institute of Medicine termed the ‘learning healthcare system,’12 further underscores the direct involvement of research ethics review to facilitating innovation in standards of care.13 Keywords: blockchain; data; ethics; genomics; health; healthcare; ledger; policy; research; review; sharing; sirb; site; system; technologies
• Leveraging Blockchain Technology for Informed Consent Process and Patient Engagement in a Clinical Trial Pilot by Mak, Baldwin C. ; Addeman, Bryan T. ; Chen, Jia ; Papp, Kim A. ; Gooderham, Melinda J. ; Guenther, Lyn C. ; Liu, Yi ; Broedl, Uli C. ; Logger, Marianne E. (2021) - Keywords: blockchain; clinical trials; healthcare and medical research; informed consent; Hyperledger Fabric Received: The cost of clinical trials continues to rise annually primarily driven by intricate trial design and operational setup choices. Keywords: blockchain; consent; data; monitoring; participants; patient; pilot; study; technology; time; transparency; trial; visit
• From Sharing to Selling: Challenges and Opportunities of Establishing a Digital Health Data Marketplace Using Blockchain Technologies by Maher, Mohamed; Khan, Imtiaz (2022) - Legislative constraints related to health data sharing, centralized siloed design of traditional data management systems, and most importantly, lack of incentivization models are thought to be the underpinning bottlenecks for sharing health data. Here, we review papers that proposed technical models or implemented frameworks that use blockchain-like technologies for health data. Keywords: access; authors; blockchain; citation; control; data; doi; ehr; health; healthcare; ieee; information; model; patient; records; right; sharing; study; system
• Health Datasets as Assets: Blockchain-Based Valuation and Transaction Methods by M. Charles, Wendy; M. Delgado, Brooke (2022) - The au- thors will share data valuation methodologies consistent with accounting principles and include discussions of black market valuation of health data. A centralized blockchain marketplace collects and stores data where a single (or few) organization(s) provide access controls, regular maintenance, and oversight.47 As an example for health data, centralized marketplaces can negotiate health data purchases directly from healthcare organizations and payers, as well as negotiate large-scale sales to life sciences organizations. Keywords: access; assets; blockchain; business; citation; company; control; data; exchange; health; health data; health information; healthcare; http://dx.doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v6.185; individuals; information; marketplaces; methods; new; organizations; patients; platform; records; research; sep; sharing; technology; use; valuation; value
• Letter from the Editor by Halamka, John David (2018) - Lippman A. A Case Study for Blockchain in Healthcare: “MedRec” prototype for electronic health records and medical research data. Halamka Page 1 of 2 Blockchain in Healthcare Today™ ISSN 2573-8240 online https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v1.19 Real Blockchain Use Cases for Healthcare John D. Halamka, MD, Editor-in-Chief, BHTY lockchain is at the peak of the hype curve right now, and venture capitalists are eager to fund any company with cyber-currency, blockchain, or Bitcoin in the name. Keywords: blockchain; data; healthcare; records
• Blockchain in Healthcare Today 2022 Predictions by Conway, Daniel; Venkataraman, Mohan; Laverick, Daniel; Pelin, Gabriela; Hasselgren, Anton (2022) - Blockchains should contain minimal information, and internets of blockchains (such as Cosmos) enable a fairly robust separation of roles architectures. In the case of blockchain, we have a technology that is what we refer to as a foundational technology. Keywords: blockchain; data; healthcare; industry; information; supply; technology; trust
• Decentralized Identity Management for E-Health Applications: State-of-the-Art and Guidance for Future Work by Satybaldy, Abylay; Hasselgren, Anton; Nowostawski, Mariusz (2022) - Included identity management systems were evaluated based on seven criteria: autonomy, authority, availability, approval, confidentiality, tenacity, and Interoperability. Identity management system is a set of technologies and processes that can be used for identity management (9). Keywords: applications; blockchain; citation; credentials; data; digital; dim; healthcare; identity; identity management; management; privacy; solutions; ssi; storage; systems; technology; user
• Technical Design and Development of a Self-Sovereign Identity Management Platform for Patient-Centric Healthcare Using Blockchain Technology by Harrell, Daniel Toshio; Usman, Muhammad; Hanson, Ladd; Abdul-Moheeth, Mustafa; Desai, Ishav; Shriram, Jahnavi; de Oliveira, Eliel; Bautista, John Robert; Meyer, Eric T.; Khurshid, Anjum (2022) - The 21st Century Cures Act (Cures Act), signed into law in 2016, has made it mandatory for the federal government to find ways of accessing patient data faster and more efficient.1 Billions of dollars have been spent by the Government of United States to promote and improve the electronic medical record (EMR) systems in its healthcare system. They also thank all participants who interacted with MediLinker system in a simulated environment and helped in improving its design. Keywords: application; blockchain; clinic; credential; data; health; healthcare; hyperledger; identity; indy; information; management; medical; medilinker; patient; research; system; use; web
• Clinical, Organizational and Regulatory, and Ethical and Social (CORES) Issues and Recommendations on Blockchain Deployment for Healthcare: Evidence From Experts by Bautista, John Robert; Usman, Muhammad; Harrell, Daniel Toshio; Meyer, Eric; Khurshid, Anjum (2022) - Xie H, Prybutok G, Peng X, Prybutok V. Determinants of trust in health information technology: An empirical investigation in the context of an online clinic appointment system. Second, based on identified CORES issues, the study aims to outline rec- ommendations that could address these issues. Keywords: blockchain; citation; clinics; cores; data; digital; experts; focus; group; health; healthcare; information; issues; medilinker; patients; recommendations; study; system; technology; use
• Improving Transitions of Care: Designing a Blockchain Application for Patient Identity Management by Abdul-Moheeth, Mustafa; Usman, Muhammad; Harrell, Daniel Toshio; Khurshid, Anjum (2022) - In fact, this siloing of healthcare information likely contributes to inaccurate or incomplete transitions of care, which ultimately may re- sult in adverse patient outcomes, especially in the setting of hospital discharges where accepting providers may be seeing complex patients for the first time.2 Although the 21st Century Cures Act (Cures Act) that was signed into law in 2016 made it mandatory for the federal government to aid in making the transfer of patient data faster and more efficient, it lacked provisions to mandate interopera- bility, leading to the current manifestation of EMRs that lack interoperability, often by design.3 In the complex healthcare ecosystem that exists today, transitions of patient care are a critical leverage point from which larger changes can be enacted if the structure of in- formation flow is fundamentally changed from the status quo. In addition to healthcare data being shared among the participating clinical sites, all partici- pants successfully enrolled in research studies and were able to transfer their information seamlessly. Keywords: blockchain; clinic; credential; data; healthcare; identity; information; interoperability; medical; medilinker; number; participants; patient; research; sharing; study; technology; use
• Securing the Chain of Custody and Integrity of Data in a Global North-South Partnership to Monitor the Quality of Essential Medicines by Hayes, Kathleen; Meyers, Natalie; Sweet, Christopher ; Ashenef, Ayenew ; Johann, Tim; Lieberman, Marya; Kochalko, David (2022) - This secure, distributed ledger will be linked to an easy-to-use dashboard, allow- ing stakeholders to view results and experimental details for each sample in real time and verify the integrity of DPAL analysis data. By combining all aspects http://dx.doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v5.230 Citation: Blockchain in Healthcare Today 2022, 5: 230 - http://dx.doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v5.230 5 Securing the Chain of Custody and Integrity of Data in a Global North–South Partnership to Monitor the Quality of Essential Medicines of data management registered into a single blockchain ledger, this pilot project has potential to improve efficiency and throughput of sample analysis by streamlining data management into a single, secured platform. Keywords: analysis; blockchain; country; dame; data; dosage; dpal; healthcare; ledger; notre; pharmaceutical; pilot; quality; results; sample; system
• Improving End-to-End Traceability and Pharma Supply Chain Resilience with Blockchain by Sim, Corinne; Zhang, Haisheng; Marianne Louise Chang (2022) - Supply chain data are fed into the dashboards every 15 min and insights accessed are close to real-time. Pharmaceutical supply chain is the backbone of a US$1.27 trillion industry,1 but because of its highly complex and fragmented nature, it is hard to regulate and protect, and this makes it a valuable target for opportunistic parties such as counterfeiters looking to profit.2 As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been greater emphasis on transparency of data and connect- ing stakeholders along the pharma supply chain in real-time in the last few years. Keywords: april; blockchain; data; end; eztracker; healthcare; information; manufacturers; patients; pharmaceutical; product; supply; traceability
• Ensuring Trust in Pharmaceutical Supply Chains by Data Protection by Design Approach to Blockchains by Kayhan, Halid (2022) - A Closer Look at the Blockchain-GDPR Relationship Taking the above-mentioned tensions into account, any blockchain use case that might process personal data should only take place after in-depth considerations and assessments regarding data protection. Among these requirements, personal data protection is of utmost importance. Keywords: article; blockchain; cases; chains; citation; compliance; data; data protection; data subjects; design; european; gdpr; healthcare; pharmaceutical; pharmaledger; project; public; purpose; right; supply; supply chains; use
• Pragmatic, Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Blockchain and Distributed Ledger Technology: Paving the Future for Healthcare by Ribitzky, Ron; St. Clair, James; Houlding, David I; McFarlane, Chrissa T; Ahier, Brian; Gould, Michael; Flannery, Heather L; Pupo, Erik; Clauson, Kevin A (2018) - Sensitive information stored on the blockchain may also be encrypted as a method to further restrict access to only authorized entities and help protect confidentiality and ensure privacy.34 Data Integrity vs. the Right to be Forgotten Protecting the integrity of blockchain data involves protecting against unauthorized deletion or altering of data on the blockchain. Therefore, blockchain technology is more correctly characterized as offering strong resistance against tampering. Keywords: blockchain; consensus; data; dec; financial; healthcare; https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v1.24; information; internet; interoperability; network; new; nodes; page; privacy; security; technology; today; use
• GAHBT: Genetic Based Hashing Algorithm for Managing and Validating Health Data Integrity in Blockchain Technology by Hanif, Fozia; Waheed, Urooj; Shams, Rehan ; Shareef, Aisha (2023) - Abstract A method for managing, securing, and validating health data distribution records using a genetic-based hash- ing algorithm in a decentralized environment is presented in this research report. The rationale for choosing blockchain is to secure the transaction of health data and protect these data from manipulated fraudulent movement and corruption by a contributor to the chain, or any individual. Keywords: algorithm; bits; blockchain; citation; crossover; data; genetic; hashing; health; healthcare; key; medical; network; number; records; step; technology
• Blockchain in Healthcare: 2023 Predictions from Around the Globe by Shine, MBA, CBE, Talisha ; Thomason, PhD, Msc., Jane ; Khan, PhD , Imtiaz ; Maher, MBA , Mohamed ; Kurihara, Kohei (2023) - In the next few years, we will witness the monetiza- tion of health data through health data marketplaces, the consumerization of healthcare, and the growth of metahealth. This is due to the complexity of the domain and the nature of healthcare data, which is still relatively large, unstructured, and amenable to changes. Keywords: blockchain; citation; data; devices; healthcare; metaverse; patient; today
• Privacy-Conflict Resolution for Integrating Personal- and Electronic Health Records in Blockchain-Based Systems by Kormiltsyn, MSc, Aleksandr; Dwivedi, PhD, Vimal; Udokwu, PhD, Chibuzor; Norta, PhD, Alex; Nisar, MSc, Sanam (2023) - Insurance provider data conflict resolution process. Collect data Data collection process Define patient claimer Patient claimer definition process Define healthcare professional claimer Healthcare professional claimer definition process Define hospital claimer Hospital claimer definition process Insurance claims data validation Process of validating all collected data from different stakeholders Data validation Process of validating blood pressure measurement by several nodes Node validation Blood pressure measurement validation process performed by a single node Find claimer consensus Keywords: blockchain; blood; business; citation; claimer; conflict; cpn; data; figure; goals; healthcare; healthcare data; https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v6.276; information; insurance; internal; model; number; page; patient; phr; pressure; privacy; process; processes; provider; purpose; records; research; resolution; smart; systems; today; use
• A Pragmatic Solution to a Major Interoperability Problem: Using Blockchain for the Nationwide Patient Index by Gagnon, Michael L; Stephen, Grant (2018) - ssociating the health-related medical records and patient transactions with their numerous “identities” as they interact with different healthcare providers, payers, pharmacy benefit managers (PBMs), and other entities is a complicated problem.1,2 Failure to efficiently make such associations impacts care and is responsible for considerable wasted time and resources across the U.S. A blockchain-based approach could be used to index patient identities and locations of their health records in Health Information Exchanges (HIE) and other networks of patient data across the country. THE PROBLEM OF PATIENT IDENTITY How to collect patient data and make it accessible to any organization that performs a service for that patient is a long-standing challenge. Keywords: blockchain; data; healthcare; hie; identity; index; organization; patient
• Moving Beyond Proof of Concept and Pilots to Mainstream: Discovery and Lessons from Blockchain in Healthcare by Krishnasamy, MS, Sathya ; Gopalakrishnan, PhD, Badri Narayanan (2023) - However, work by Yeung8 in 2021 contends that no serious scholarly attempt has been made to evaluate how blockchain technologies can be applied to real-time contexts in healthcare. From the healthcare payor processes perspective, there is enough evidence for “no friction to low friction” pos- sibilities with ecosystem partners to be deployed using blockchain technologies today. Keywords: adoption; blockchain; business; case; citation; data; enterprise; factors; framework; future; healthcare; https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v6.280; implementation; industry; number; privacy; process; processes; provenance; purpose; review; scale; technologies; technology; today; use
• Impact of Blockchain-Digital Twin Technology on Precision Health, Pharmaceutical Industry, and Life Sciences Conv2X 2023 Report by Vasiliu-Feltes MB EMBA, Ingrid; Mylrea, PhD, Michael ; Yan Zhang, PhD, Christina ; Cohen Wood, CISSP, Tyler; Thornley, BSc, Brian (2023) - Abstract The convergence of Digital Twin technologies with precision health, the pharmaceutical industry, and life sciences has garnered substantial recent attention. Accepted: 17 October 2023; Published: 07 November 2023 The rise of Digital Twin technologies has revolu- tionized various industries, offering unprecedented insights and optimization opportunities. Keywords: blockchain; data; digital; healthcare; industry; pharmaceutical; technologies; twins
• S3EF-HBCAs: Secure and Sustainable Software Engineering Framework for Healthcare Blockchain Applications by Ramachandran, PhD, Muthu (2023) - S3EF-HBCAs for healthcare blockchain applications The organization is as follows: Introduction provides key questions and learning outcomes; a critical evaluation of the literature survey on blockchain in healthcare today, key challenges and characteristics of blockchain, the S3EF-HBCAs—Secure and Sustainable SE Framework, requirements engineering model for blockchain known as Blockchain Security Quality Requirements Engineer- ing (BC-SQUARE) which is the key to achieving quality development of blockchain by analyzing and evaluating healthcare customer and stakeholders requirements, de- sign method and a reference architecture known as REF- ArchBC which is the key to achieve standardization of blockchain apps, and evaluation techniques and best prac- tices of reference architecture with a real-world case study. S3EF-HBCAs for healthcare blockchain applications • Blockchain Platform and Tools (Hyperledger Fab- ric, Ethereum: Keywords: architecture; blockchain; blockchain applications; blockchain technology; bpmn; business; citation; contracts; data; development; domain; engineering; healthcare; healthcare blockchain; https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v6.286; layer; number; patient; privacy; process; processes; reference; requirements; security; services; simulation; smart; software; use
• Blockchain Technology Predictions 2024: Transformations in Healthcare, Patient Identity and Public Health by De Novi, PhD , Gianluca ; Sofia, PharmD, Msc , Natalia; Vasiliu-Feltes MD EMBA, Ingrid ; Yan Zang, PhD, Christine,; Ricotta, Frank (2023) - However, it also faces many challenges and limitations, such as data quality, scalability, performance, regulation, governance, and adoption.1 Blockchain could enable smart contracts that automate the execution of agreements between parties based on predefined rules and conditions.2 For example, smart con- tracts could facilitate the payment and reimbursement of healthcare services, the verification and credentialing of healthcare providers, the management and distribution of medical supplies and drugs, and the enforcement of data sharing and consent policies.1 Blockchain could support digital identity systems that provide a secure and verifiable way of identifying individ- uals and entities in the healthcare sector.2 For example, digital identity could be used to authenticate patients, pro- viders, insurers, researchers, and other stakeholders and to link their health records, claims, prescriptions, test results, and other data across different platforms and sources.1 Blockchain could empower patient-centric approaches that give patients more control and ownership over their health data and decisions.2 For example, patients could use blockchain to store their personal health records in a decentralized manner, to grant or revoke access per- missions to their data, to participate in health research or clinical trials, to access personalized health recommenda- tions or treatments, and to benefit from data monetization or incentives.1 Blockchain could foster collaboration and innovation among different stakeholders in the healthcare sector by enabling data sharing and exchange securely and trans- parently.2 For example, blockchain could facilitate the cre- ation of health data commons or marketplaces that allow researchers, providers, insurers, regulators, and others to access and use health data for various purposes, such as improving quality of care, advancing medical knowledge, developing new drugs or devices, or creating new business models or services.1 Frank Ricotta, CEO & Founder, BurstIQ In 2024, humans and AI will converge. By establishing cryptographic hashes and dis- tributed consensus mechanisms, blockchain ensures the ve- racity and privacy of health data. Keywords: blockchain; data; dts; health; healthcare; multi; omics; privacy; technology; trials
• Highlights from Advancing the Business of Health with Blockchain and Frontier Tech at ConV2X Symposium 2023 by Cenaj, Tory (2023) - ADM: application data management; BI: business intelligence; CRM: customer relationship management; LMS: learning management systems, MKT: marketing; SA: system administrator; SIS: server intelligent storage. It is a concept that aligns with Gartner’s idea of tran- sitioning data-enabled businesses, data access, data usage, and data governance to where IT serves as an enabler in- stead of a controller. Keywords: blockchain; business; citation; conv2x; data; healthcare; https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v7.288; krishnasamy; technology; today
• Scalability Performance Analysis of Blockchain Using Hierarchical Model in Healthcare by Sadath, MSc, MCA, Lipsa; Mehrotra, Deepti; Kumar, Anand (2024) - The model’s performance is evaluated by manipulating and scaling environ- mental factors such as the number of organizations, transaction numbers, channels, block intervals, and block sizes. From Experiment 1 to Experiment 3, we have only one channel with variable rate controllers such as transaction numbers, number of workers, and the TPS. Keywords: blockchain; channels; citation; data; experiment; healthcare; latency; model; network; number; operations; performance; table; throughput; transactions; workers
• Blockchain Applications in the Pharmaceutical Industry by Gaynor, Mark; Gillespie, Kathleen ; Roe, Allison ; Crannage, Erica ; Tuttle-Newhall, J.E. (2024) - 1 (page number not for citation purpose) ORIGINAL RESEARCH Blockchain Applications in the Pharmaceutical Industry Mark Gaynor, PhD1, Kathleen Gillespie, PhD1, Allison Roe1 , Erica Crannage, PhD2 and J.E. Tuttle-Newhall, MD3 1College of Social Justice and Public Health, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA; 2Associate Professor, Pharmacy Practice, University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy, St. Louis, Missouri, USA; 3Department Chair of Surgery, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA Corresponding Author: Mark Gaynor, Email: mark.gaynor@slu.edu DOI: https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v7.298 Keywords: 4D framework, blockchain applications, blockchain technology, clinical trials, health records, inventory systems, pharmaceutical industry, prescription misuse and abuse Abstract Methods: We utilized a 4D framework using ease of implementation, novelty, necessity, and fit of the overall industry to examine the adoption of blockchain technology in the pharmaceutical industry. To promote the most appropriate use, each application of blockchain technology must fit within the framework of necessity, ease of implementation, familiarity amongst stakeholders, and fit of the overall indus- try. Keywords: applications; blockchain; citation; clinical; data; health; healthcare; industry; information; management; misuse; pharmaceutical; prescription; products; technology
• Creating a Patient-Centered, Global, Decentralized Health System: Combining New Payment and Care Delivery Models with Telemedicine, AI, and Blockchain Technology by Colón, Kenneth Antonio (2018) - This high rate of burnout is thought to be due to factors outside direct patient care, such as bureaucratic tasks and dealing with difficult-to-use technology.7 Many attempts have been made to introduce incremental improvements to the current system. In the following sections, first, I will outline what I believe are the key solutions needed to effectively reshape health care into a more cost-effective and more patient-centric model. Keywords: aug; blockchain; care; collaborative; cost; data; direct; example; health; healthcare; issn; members; patients; primary; rewards; system; todaytm; token; url
• Harnessing Blockchain to Transform Healthcare Data Management: A Comprehensive Research Agenda by Treiblmaier, Horst; Rejeb, Abderahman; Gault, Mike; Khurshid, Anjum; Norta, Alex; Poteet, Jim; Sivagnanam, Suresh (2024) - Conclusions The future of blockchain in healthcare data management holds significant promise, offering potential solutions to various challenges within the industry. 1 (page number not for citation purpose) NARRATIVE, SYSTEMATIC REVIEW, META-ANALYSIS Harnessing Blockchain to Transform Healthcare Data Management: A Comprehensive Research Agenda Horst Treiblmaier, PhD1 , Abderahman Rejeb, PhD2 , Mike Gault, PhD3 , Anjum Khurshid, PhD4, Alex Norta, PhD5 , Jim Poteet, BS6 and Suresh Sivagnanam7 1Full Professor, School of International Management, Modul University Vienna, Vienna, Austria; 2Faculty of Business Economics, Széchenyi István University, Győr, Hungary; 3Guardtime, Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland; 4Sentinel Program and Faculty, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; 5Dymaxion OÜ, Tallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia; 6Technology and Operations Leader, Oracle Cerner, Overland Park, Kansas, USA; 7Healthcare and Higher Education, Talents Squared Limited, London, UK Corresponding Author: Horst Treiblmaier, Email: horst.treiblmaier@modul.ac.at DOI: https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v7.301 Keywords: blockchain, distributed ledger, healthcare, healthcare data, panel discussion, research agenda Abstract Properly managing healthcare data is a complex endeavor that must balance the requirements and interests of many stakeholders. Keywords: access; blockchain; citation; data; future; healthcare; healthcare data; management; patients; research; security; systems; technology; today; topics
• Emerging Trends in Cybersecurity: A Holistic View on Current Threats, Assessing Solutions, and Pioneering New Frontiers by Taskeen; Garai, Suman (2025) - Robust security protocols are essential to ensure data security across diverse devices and net- works, and well-designed incentives are crucial to encour- age user participation. The TEEs provide secure enclaves for sensitive computa- tions, enhancing data security. Keywords: access; analysis; attack; blockchain; challenges; citation; cybersecurity; data; frameworks; healthcare; individuals; information; jan; legal; page; potential; privacy; solutions; systems; threats; today; user; vulnerabilities
• Non-Fungible Tokens for Organoids: Decentralized Biobanking to Empower Patients in Biospecimen Research by Sanchez, William; Linder, Larue; Miller,, Robert ; Hood, Amelia; Gross, Marielle (2024) - If successful, our approach will advance patients’ rights to share in knowledge, health, and financial benefits of their research contributions.6 We discuss the development of an alpha prototype that applies NFTs to empower patients as stakeholders in organoid research. 3. Organoid ecosystem: Scientists obtain an IRB- approved protocol for organoid research, granting access to the biobanking platform. Keywords: application; biobanking; blockchain; cancer; citation; data; development; ecosystem; healthcare; https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v7.303; nfts; organoid; patients; physicians; platform; prototype; research; scientists; study; today
• Conference Workgroup Report: Leveraging Decentralized Clinical Trial Management Systems (dCTMS) to Advance Science: Exploring Challenges related to the Diffusion of Innovation and its Execution: Conv2X Conference – New Orleans, Sept 2023 by Rao, Rama Krishna R (2024) - The use of DCTs can profoundly impact reshaping healthcare by enabling par- ticipants to partake in clinical trials remotely; however, implementation challenges must be considered as tech- nology expands. Received: March 10, 2024; Accepted: April 4, 2024; Published: April 30, 2024 Clinical trials and their associated regulatory pro- cesses are critical to drug development. Keywords: blockchain; data; dcts; drug; healthcare; participants; patient; technology; trials
• Soulbound Tokens: Enabler for Privacy-Aware and Decentralized Authentication Mechanism in Medical Data Storage by Boi, Biagio; Cirillo, Franco; De Santis, Marco; Esposito, Christian (2024) - More- over, authenticating with SSI poses significant challenges within decentralized applications due to the requirement for signature verification on the credentials, which can- not be performed on-chain without revealing user data. The use of SBT ensured secure and seamless user authentication, en- hancing overall system interoperability and data security. Keywords: approach; architecture; authentication; blockchain; data; healthcare; non; privacy; sbt; sbts; security; soulbound; system; user
• Tracing the Blockchain Challenges in Healthcare: A Topic Modeling and Bibliometric Analysis by Mehraeen , Mohammad ; Mahmoudi, Laya (2024) - Despite the benefits witnessed or studied by the research community in the blockchain revolution for healthcare challenges, this technology still faces signifi- cant concerns regarding its adoption by the entire global healthcare industry.4 Given that blockchain technology presents challenges to the healthcare industry, this study traces and analyzes these challenges by employing biblio- metric analysis to provide an overview of the field and a text analytics method based on topic modeling to identify specific challenges. In addition, it iden- tifies the most prevalent keywords and their co-occurrence patterns on blockchain challenges in healthcare. Keywords: analysis; applications; blockchain; blockchain challenges; challenges; citations; data; healthcare; number; publications; research; security; studies; table; technology; topic; total; university
• Blockchain's Transformative Potential in Healthcare by Jain, Geetika; Kumar, Nishant; Rigby, Colin (2024) - Harnessing blockchain to transform healthcare data management: a comprehensive research agenda. DISCUSSION Blockchain’s Transformative Potential in Healthcare Geetika Jain, PostDoc, PhD1 , Nishant Kumar, PhD2 , and Colin Rigby, PhD3 1Digital Transformation, Keele Business School, Keele University; 2Department of Business, Christ University, Bangalore, India; 3Entrprise Lead, Keele Business School, Keele University Corresponding Author: Geetika Jain, Email: g.jain@keele.ac.uk; geetikajain02@gmail.com DOI: https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v7.336 Keywords: blockchain for electronic health records, blockchain implementation, blockchain performance blockchain technology, electronic health records, healthcare data exchange, smart contracts Abstract Blockchain’s transformative potential, its current applications, and the path forward for its integration into the healthcare ecosystem are all explored in the journal Blockchain in Healthcare Today. Keywords: blockchain; data; healthcare; patient; technology
• Creating a Health Data Marketplace for the Digital Health Era by Khan, Imtiaz; Maher, Mohamed ; Khurshid, Anjum (2024) - To address this pressing issue, Healthcare 4.0 introduces a patient-cen- tric paradigm shift, transitioning from traditional reactive medicine to predictive diagnosis and personalized preven- tive interventions.4 This shift leverages on the large volume and variety of health data generated from the growing use of electronic health records (EHR), the internet of medical things (IoMT) and personal wearable devices like the smart- watch, along with the growing capability of predictive and generative algorithms to create value from this health data. This limitation can make patients feel coerced into a passive role in decision-making, knowledge, and value-creation processes, often leading to non-participation or even non-adherence to medications and physician instructions.7 To realize the 4P vision of healthcare 4.0 particularly participation of patients, decentralization and democ- ratization of health data is fundamental. Keywords: blockchain; data; editorial; health; healthcare; marketplace; patient
• Accelerating Genomic Data Generation and Facilitating Genomic Data Access Using Decentralization, Privacy-Preserving Technologies and Equitable Compensation by Grishin, Dennis; Obbad, Kamal; Estep, Preston; Quinn, Kevin; Wait Zaranek, Sarah; Wait Zaranek, Alexander; Vandewege, Ward; Clegg, Tom; César, Nico; Cifric, Mirza; Church, George (2018) - Furthermore, sharing genomic data with researchers promises identification of the causes of many diseases and the development of new therapies. However, sequencing costs, data privacy concerns, regulatory restrictions, and technical challenges impede the growth of genomic data and hinder data sharing. Keywords: access; blockchain; buyers; computations; data; genome; genomic; genomic data; healthcare; https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v1.34; internet; issn; nebula; network; oct; owners; page; platform; privacy; public; sequencing; sharing; storage; todaytm
• Model Complexity Reduction for ZKML Healthcare applications: Privacy protection and inference optimization for ZKML applications: A reference implementation with synthetic ICHOM dataset by Krishnasamy, Sathya ; Govindarajan, Ilangovan (2024) - 1 (page number not for citation purpose) TECHNICAL BRIEFS & SHORT REPORTS Model Complexity Reduction for ZKML Healthcare Applications: Privacy Protection and Inference Optimization for ZKML Applications—A Reference Implementation With Synthetic ICHOM Dataset Sathya Krishnasamy, MS;1 and Ilangovan Govindarajan, MD2 1President and Principal, ChainAim, Newington, Connecticut, USA, 2Chief Medical Officer, GuardianMedx, Las Vegas, Nevada Corresponding Author: Sathya Krishnasamy, Email: sathya.krishnasamy@chainaim.com DOI: https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v7.340 Keywords: blockchain, diabetes, distributed ledger, model complexity reduction privacy, machine learning, ICHOM, International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement, ZKML, zero-knowledge machine learning Abstract Web 3.0 represents the next significant evolution of the internet that embodies the underlying decentralized network architectures, distributed ledgers, and advanced AI capabilities. A key strategy for mitigating the risks associated with healthcare data is restricting access to data at the source and reducing unnecessary data movements. Keywords: complexity; data; diabetes; healthcare; ichom; learning; model; outcomes; privacy; reduction; systems; zkml
• My Holistic Data Share: A WEB3 Data Share Application: Extending Beyond Finance to Privacy-Protected Decentralized Share of Multi-Dimensional Data to Enhance Global Healthcare by KRISHNASAMY, SATHYA (2024) - Conclusions and Future Work MyHolisticDataShare has demonstrated a new extension of WEB3 technologies based on decentralised data share and threshold cryptography for decentralising the decryp- tion access to non-centralised quorum and configurable threshold definitions. The author intends to extend this app into a browser extension wallet app as the landscape matures, specifically around how wallets and WEB3 data share applications and their responsibilities get defined more precisely. Keywords: access; citation; control; cryptography; data; healthcare; privacy; records; share; threshold
• The European Digital Identity Wallet: A Healthcare Perspective by Van Roijen, Danny (2024) - The eHealth target is monitored through 12 sub-indicators spread across four thematic layers as part of Europe’s Digital Decade Policy Programme 20304 Thematic layer Sub-indicator Implementation of electronic access services for citizens 1. Electronic health records summary data 3. ePrescription/eDispensation data 4. Keywords: access; data; digital; european; health; identity
• Healthcare Futures: Opportunities, Challenges and Risks in a Blockchain-Driven Environment by Goldberg, Robert; Pitts, Peter J. ; Hinkel, Jennifer (2024) - These data will be embedded in the smart contract, allowing investors to assess the carbon emissions associated with the infrastructure supporting the tokens in their portfolios.6 Challenges Associated With Developing a Blockchain Futures Index and Contract Trading Platform Creating a blockchain-based futures index and contract trading platform, particularly for healthcare costs such as cancer treatment, involves several significant challenges. Conclusion Developing a blockchain-based futures index and con- tract trading platform for healthcare costs presents a range of challenges, from data integrity and scalability to regulatory compliance and user adoption. Keywords: blockchain; contracts; cost; data; futures; health; healthcare; new; price
• A Secure and Reliable Fog-Enabled Architecture Using Blockchain With Functional Biased Elliptic Curve Cryptography Algorithm for Healthcare Services by awasthi, charu; Prakash, Satya; Kumar Mishra, Prashant (2024) - Because fog nodes operate at the edge of the network and are more geographically dispersed, as shown in Figure 1, they improve information protection and preci- sion, as well as minimize delay, which is critical for appli- cations such as medical information. Medical information is gathered from numer- ous patients who support the e-healthcare gadgets in this system. Keywords: algorithm; blockchain; cloud; computing; data; ecc; encryption; fog; healthcare; information; iot; key; protection; time
• Systematic Review of Usability Factors, Models, and Frameworks with Blockchain Integration for Secure Mobile Health (mHealth) Applications: SLR: Usability standards and models for mHealth Applications by Feroz, Irum; Ahmad, Nadeem (2024) - Blockchain integration for mobile health A discussion of the findings, with suggestions for future research directions to enhance mHealth usability and se- curity for older adults. This systematic review included studies examining mHealth usability and data security, integrating block- chain’s role where applicable. Keywords: adults; blockchain; citation; data; design; error; evaluation; factors; framework; guidelines; health data; healthcare; information; iso; mhealth; mhealth applications; mobile; models; research; review; satisfaction; secure; security; studies; technology; usability; usability frameworks; usability models; user
• Predictions for 2025: Artificial Intelligence in Modern Drug Development, Quantum Proof Encryption, and Health Data Monetization by Vasiliu-Feltes MD, EMBA, Ingrid; Hinkel, MSc, CHW, FRSA, Jennifer; Kubassova, PhD, Olga (2024) - 1 (page number not for citation purpose) Blockchain in Healthcare Today ISSN 2573-8240 EDITORIAL/DISCUSSION Predictions for 2025: Artificial Intelligence in Modern Drug Development, Quantum-Proof Encryption, and Health Data Monetization Ingrid Vasiliu-Feltes, MD, EMBA1,2 , Jennifer Hinkel, MSc, CHW, FRSA3 and Olga Kubassova, PhD4 1Institute for Science, Entrepreneurship and Investments, and Faculty, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; 2Softhread, Catonsville, MD, USA; 3The Data Economics Company, Los Angeles, CA, USA; 4Image Analysis Group, London, United Kingdom DOI: https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v7.361 Corresponding Author : Ingrid Vasiliu-Feltes, Email: ivfeltes@miami.edu Keywords: AI, artificial technology, drug development, health data monetization, healthcare, healthcare finance, quantum-proof encryption Quantum-proof encryp- tion, such as lattice-based cryptography or post-quantum al- gorithms, will be essential to secure healthcare data exchanges. Keywords: blockchain; data; development; healthcare; quantum
• Ethics of Blockchain by Design: Guiding a Responsible Future for Healthcare Innovation by Ramachandran, Muthu (2024) - Best Practice Guidelines For Ethics of Blockchain By Design To support ethical blockchain development in healthcare, Ramachandran8,9,18 proposes the following best prac- tices, building on established research and frameworks such as the secure and sustainable software engineering framework for healthcare blockchain applications (S3EF- HBCA)5 and AI-blockchain frameworks,18 which include the following concepts. GDPR Compliance: Off-Chain Storage and Patient Consent The GDPR mandates that individuals have control over their personal data, including the “Right to be Forgotten,” which conflicts with blockchain’s immutable nature.11–13 To reconcile this, ethical blockchain frameworks can adopt Fig. Keywords: access; blockchain; data; design; ethical; governance; healthcare; patient; privacy; systems
• Toward Application of Blockchain for Improved Health Records Management and Patient Care by Carter, Gracie; White, Denise; Nalla, Anusha; Shahriar, Hossain; Sneha, Sweta (2019) - INTEROPERABILITY Interoperability is the ability of two or more systems to share healthcare data for use by recipients.10 Noninteroperability hinders cost Figure 1.—Blockchain architecture. Although they are convenient, not all clouds meet the same standards of security.25 Due to a lack of security standards, 43% of security breaches in the United States are related to health data. Keywords: access; blockchain; cost; data; healthcare; https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v2.37; information; interoperability; issn; online; patient; providers; records; security; technology; todaytm; use
• Post-Quantum Cryptography Resilience in Telehealth Using Quantum Key Distribution by Roosan, Don; Khan, Rubayat; Nirzhor, Saif; Hai, Fahmida (2025) - Cryptography resilience in telehealth ensure that patient rights and ethical considerations are respected throughout the data lifecycle, including collec- tion, storage, analytics, and eventual archival or deletion.4 Overall, the proposed architecture paves the way for a new era of telehealth data security, one that anticipates the impending reality of quantum computing while adhering to stringent privacy demands. Although the incorporation of PQC-based algorithms and QKD channels introduces additional computational overhead, the outcomes clearly underscore the efficacy of this design in protecting sensitive healthcare data from unauthorized access or tampering.7 As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 in the preceding Results section, the interdependence of the DAG-based ledger, QKD key management mod- ules, and privacy-preserving cryptographic libraries not only fortifies transaction confidentiality but also ensures that on-chain and off-chain components are harmoni- ously managed.13 Given the inherently sensitive nature of telehealth data, which frequently includes diagnostic images, laboratory results, and personal patient identifi- ers, the heightened security offered by post-quantum tech- niques is a compelling factor driving the feasibility of this architecture. Keywords: architecture; blockchain; citation; cryptography; dag; data; healthcare; key; ledger; patient; pqc; privacy; qkd; quantum; roosan; security; system; telehealth; transaction; zkps
• The Evolution of Healthcare Economics: Blockchain Integration Amidst Medicare Reform by Wright, Ryan (2025) - The tokenization of healthcare data enables each health record to function simultaneously as clinical documenta- tion, research data, reimbursement evidence, and personal health narrative—with each layer accessible to different stakeholders according to permissions encoded in the token itself. According to the latest CMS National Health Expendi- ture Data, these programs represent significant revenue streams, with Medicare accounting for 21% and Medicaid for 18% of total national health expenditures.1 More crit- ically, Medicare and Medicaid together account for more than 60% of all care provided by hospitals, with Medi- care alone accounting for 44% of hospital care revenue.2 Recent polls indicate that transparency in healthcare data handling is a primary concern, with 61% of Americans expressing distrust in how their health information is managed and protected.3 Despite strong public support for healthcare modernization—with 72% of Americans believing current health information systems need signif- icant improvement3—healthcare providers must prepare for the reality of reductions in traditional revenue sources while addressing these trust concerns.  Keywords: blockchain; data; healthcare; information; medicare; new; patient; systems; value
• Rich Data Versus Quantity of Data in Code Generation AI: A Paradigm Shift for Healthcare by Ramachandran, Muthu; Fouracre, Steven (2025) - Table 3 presents a weighted evaluation criteria matrix comparing rich data versus large quantity data approaches for AI code generation. This global system allows users to upload and share code solutions, which SES AI can reuse across customers. Keywords: citation; code; code gen; compliance; data; development; gen; generation; healthcare; quality; quantity; security; ses; software; systems
• Use of Blockchain Technology to Accelerate Digital Health Transformation Programs by Sumo, Regien; Jong, Simcha (2025) - This article explores how blockchain technology can be used to accelerate digital health transformation programs. At the organizational level, we discuss the careful planning and specialized exper- tise required to overcome the technical, regulatory, and adoption-related hurdles associated with implementing blockchain technology. Keywords: adoption; applications; blockchain; blockchain healthcare; blockchain technology; challenges; citation; companies; contracts; data; digital; future; healthcare; healthcare sector; https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v8.399; insurance; internet; management; number; patients; research; review; sector; supply; systematic; systems; technologies; technology; transformation; use; √ √
• Impact of COVID-19 on Primary Health Care Research Trends and Suggestions for Better Services Approaches Via Blockchain Based Applications: Impact of COVID-19 on PHC & Blockchain Based Applications by Damar, Muhammet; Pinto, Andrew David; Erenay, PhD, Fatih Safa; Aydin, Omer (2025) - PHCA; primary health care Appendix B. Three fields plot with authors, journals, and keywords for COVID-19 studies in PHC research area. A bibliometric analysis of COVID-19 research in malaysia using latent Dirichlet allocation. Keywords: analysis; appendix; blockchain; citation; covid-19; covid-19 pandemic; data; family; general; healthcare; healthcare research; https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v8.400; impact; india; journal; medical; medicine; number; page; pandemic; phc; practice; primary; purpose; research; study; technology; today; university
• Predictors of Commercial Success in Blockchain Healthcare Insurance: A Mixed-Methods Market Analysis by Musunuri, Raaga ; Brooks, Kimberly; Ashish Patel, Swapna ; Trupti Jayesh Majgunkar; Patel, BS, MS, Krisha; O'Neill, MS, Erin (2025) - To fill the research gap in understanding what makes blockchain healthcare insurance projects successful, the important factors were grouped into three main catego- ries: technical, regulatory, and strategic. Methods and Findings Study Design and Rationale This study uses a combination of methods (e.g., looking at numbers from the market and gather- ing information by hand) to understand what makes blockchain healthcare insurance projects successful (Figure 2). Keywords: analysis; blockchain; blockchain healthcare; capitalization; citation; compliance; data; factors; healthcare; healthcare insurance; hipaa; insurance; market; market success; partnerships; platform; projects; research; success; technical
• Blockchain Applications in Core Healthcare Services: Patient Data, Research, and Institutional Processes by Damar, PhD, Muhammet; Aydin, Omer; Erenay, Fatih Safa (2025) - Various approaches have since been devel- oped to integrate blockchain into healthcare data systems, such as decentralized storage solutions, secure data-shar- ing frameworks, and privacy-preserving algorithms.2,3 Smart contracts, self-executing protocols built on block- chain, offer additional benefits by automating compli- ance checks, ensuring the authenticity of pharmaceutical products, and streamlining healthcare billing processes.4 In patient data management, blockchain facilitates secure consent tracking, data verification, and protection of sen- sitive information through tamper-resistant ledgers.5,6,7 In the supply chain domain, blockchain provides real- time tracking of medical products and helps combat the proliferation of counterfeit drugs by ensuring product authenticity and traceability throughout the logistics net- In this context, this technology can transform health data management with its decen- tralized structure and secure data storage features. Keywords: analysis; articles; blockchain; blockchain applications; blockchain technology; citation; consent; data; drug; figure; healthcare; https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v8.408; management; med; number; page; patient; processes; purpose; research; review; sector; security; services; sharing; study; supply; systems; technology; today; traceability; transparency
• Blockchain Technology in Digital Health and Medical Technologies by Damar, Muhammet; Aydin, Omer; Erenay, Fatih Safa (2025) - Submitted: May 31, 2025; Accepted: October 11, 2025; Published: November 14, 2025 The global healthcare sector is undergoing a signif- icant digital transformation, fundamentally alter- ing how care is delivered, health data are managed, and medical services are personalized. Application Area Description Blockchain Contribution/Benefit Genomics and precision medicine Genetic data sharing and approval processes Data security, patient control, personalized healthcare Telemedicine, mobile health, and digital health environment Remote healthcare services, mobile applications Secure data access, decentralized communication AR, VR, metaverse, and social media environment Education, diagnosis, remote interaction Digital asset ownership, visual evidence traceability IoT, Industry 4.0 Transformation, Health 5.0 Environment Smart devices, automation in healthcare Device data integrity, interoperability AI, cloud technology, and big data integration Analysis and management of health data Verified data entry, model transparency Solving global and regional health problems Access inequality, data security Cross-border collaboration, decentralized healthcare systems AI: artificial intelligence; IoT: Internet of Things; VR: virtual reality. Keywords: access; analysis; blockchain; blockchain applications; blockchain technology; challenges; citation; cloud; data; data security; data sharing; digital; global; health; health data; healthcare; healthcare data; integration; iot; management; medical; metaverse; mobile; patient; privacy; research; security; services; systems; technologies; telemedicine; today; topics
• Hyperledger Fabric-Powered Digital Identity Scheme: Transforming CIA—Triad Security in IoMT Integrated Healthcare Eco-System by Jena, Sanjay Kumar; Barik, Ram Chandra ; Padhan, Saroj (2025) - As a result of being able to exploit the open-source code of Hyperledger Fabric without having to spend major up-front fees, businesses will be able to manage their resources more effectively.22 Now, after covering digital identity and the applica- tion of the IoT in the healthcare sector, the next consid- eration is to move on to healthcare data management utilizing an immutable decentralized database system, which is something that can only be made feasible by a blockchain platform built on top of the Hyperledger architecture.23,24,25 It customizes an open-source Hyperledger Fabric-based framework for developing and utilizing the healthcare ecosystem as per the requirements of maintaining the digital identity of a patient. Keywords: access; applications; blockchain; citation; data; digital; fabric; hash; healthcare; hyperledger; hyperledger fabric; identity; ieee; integrity; key; network; nodes; patient; peer; security; system; technology; today; transactions
• The Self-Sovereign Patient as a Cornerstone of Healthcare 4.0 by Chaffer, Tomer; Joe Littlejohn, MD, Joe Littlejohn, MD; Arun Nadarasa, MRPharmS, Arun Nadarasa, PharmD; Claudia Lamschtein, MD, Claudia Lamschtein, MD (2025) - Plain Language Summary This article explores how Healthcare 4.0, driven by technologies such as blockchain, artificial intelligence, and Internet of Medical Things, is shifting control of health data from institutions to patients. In such models, real-time, high-resolution data streams become valuable digital assets, owned by patients and made available for research, insurance modeling, or AI training under strict consent conditions.23 If designed with guardrails against the commodification of health data and protections against coercive monetization among vulnerable groups,24 this paradigm could contribute to a secure and decentralized data-sharing economy that respects consent and incentivizes participation17 In this way, IoMT-integrated health wallets could not only enhance individual care but also serve as entry points into a broader participatory data economy, one that demands robust governance, ethical safeguards, and institutional readiness to fully realize its transformative potential. Keywords: 2025; access; blockchain; citation; data; digital; healthcare; internet; medical; patient; records; self; systems; technologies
• A Decentralized-Based Blockchain Architecture with Integrated Zero Knowledge Proof for Genomic Data Sharing of Health Record System by K, Nandini; Shivappa, Giris; Zachariah, Sharon; Thanushree B.Tech, Thanushree B.Tech; I. Pattan, M.Tech, Kavyashree; Paria, Arpita; Hiremath, PhD, Savitha ; Vaithiyanathan, PhD, Revathi (2025) - The process pre- serves genomic data in secret and never leaks in the course of verification processes, and it resolves one of the great- est issues of genomic data privacy. Apart from guaranteeing genomic data privacy, the system also utilizes ZKP, where clients can demonstrate the fact of knowledge or possession of genomic sequences without showing the information. Keywords: access; blockchain; citation; contracts; data; ecc; genomic; healthcare; information; ipfs; privacy; proof; secure; sharing; storage; system; zkpb; zkps
• Optimizing Proof-of-Work for Secure Health Data Blockchain Using Compute Unified Device Architecture by Abdu, Seid (2025) - Ma Q, Sadeghi A-R, Wachsmann C. Privacy-preserving pro- tocols for healthcare blockchain systems: a systematic review. System Architecture Figure 1 illustrates the system architecture for the CUDA-accelerated blockchain: healthcare data are encrypted via GPU-accelerated AES-CTR, recorded in the blockchain core through PoW mining, stored off-chain using IPFS, and verified by a validator pool. Keywords: access; aes; blockchain; cpu; cuda; data; encryption; gpu; healthcare; performance; pow; privacy; records; secure; system; throughput; today; work
• Modeling the Drivers of Blockchain-Based AI Adoption to Improve Financial Transparency in Health Insurance Organizations by Mohammadi Tong Andri MSc Public Administration, Sepideh; Mohammadi Tang Andri, MSc, Information Technology Management , Sahar (2025) - Moreover, financial transparency emerges as a critical outcome and a mediating factor that reinforces trust in technology adoption. The first major research gap lies in the dynamic interplay between organizational and technical factors  influencing technology adoption. Keywords: adoption; analysis; blockchain; citation; data; factors; health; healthcare; https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v8.427; insurance; management; model; organizations; readiness; research; support; systems; tar; technologies; technology; technology adoption; training; transparency
• Why Blockchain Benefits Don’t Guarantee Adoption: An Integrated TAM-TOE Analysis of Technology Acceptance and Organizational Readiness by AbdelSalam, Fatma (2025) - PU and PEOU are the main factors that affect user behavior regarding technology adoption intention, according to the TAM.25 While PEOU relates to how eas- ily a user perceives a technology to be used and learned, PU refers to how beneficial a user perceives the technol- ogy to be in carrying out activities or attaining goals.24 Organizational adoption strategies are important to the successful use of blockchain technology. Concept model of factors influencing blockchain technology adoption following the TAM and TOE frameworks. Keywords: adoption; blockchain; blockchain adoption; blockchain technology; citation; data; factors; framework; health care; healthcare; industry; influence; organizations; patient; readiness; research; security; systems; technology; technology adoption; use
• Optimization of Health Service Utilization Among Elderly People with Chronic Diseases in Rural Ethnic Minorities in Northwest Yunnan Using Graph Neural Networks by Zhang, Jing; Fan, Haitao (2025) - Based on the output results and graph structure indi- cators (such as node centrality and path connectivity), suggestions for precise allocation of regional health re- sources and dynamic optimization of service paths are proposed.27,28 The results reveal significant differences in the struc- ture and space of medical services for ethnic minorities in northwestern Yunnan. Table 2 presents the matching of different chronic dis- ease combinations in terms of medical service utilization, measuring the rationality of services through indicators such as the number of patients, expected frequency of vis- its, actual matching rate, and utilization intensity classifi- cation ratio. Keywords: accessibility; areas; attention; chronic; citation; data; disease; graph; health; health service; healthcare; https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v8.436; learning; level; model; network; node; number; path; patients; rate; resource; service; service utilization; structure; utilization
• Introducing BHTY’s AI Policy for Authors, Reviewers, and Editors by Hinkel, Jennifer M; Cali, PhD, Umit (2025) - : University of Oxford Catalog of Bias.2 3. Data Privacy and Security Compliance The following actions are high risk for privacy and se- curity compliance: • Uploading protected health information (PHI) to any AI system • Sharing proprietary blockchain implementations or sensitive code with AI systems • Using AI tools hosted outside permitted jurisdictions without explicit data agreements • Processing patient data through public or commercial AI platforms • Sharing institutional or collaborative partner confiden- tial information • Sharing BHTY journal confidential information using public AI systems and sending to systems hosted out- side permitted jurisdictions, including uploading confi- dential submissions to commercially available AI tools without privacy protections Required Safeguards: • Use only AI tools with appropriate data handling certifi- cations that you have evaluated and verified as a researcher • Implement local AI solutions (i.e. on your own server or computer) when processing sensitive data • Introducing BHTY’s AI Policy for Authors, Reviewers, and Editors • Submitting AI-generated or AI-derived content that is not verified, e.g. references that do not exist, or refer- ences that do not reflect the cited material • Submitting AI-generated content as original work without human oversight/verification • Using AI for peer review activities or editorial decisions in lieu of careful human expert review and feedback • Generating fake data, references, or experimental results, including the generation of synthetic data for analysis without clear indication of AI use • Creating fabricated case studies or patient scenarios • Bypassing human oversight in critical analysis or conclusions • Plagiarism through undisclosed AI assistance • Fabrication of research findings using AI • Falsification of methodology descriptions • Misrepresentation of AI capabilities or limitations • Failure to disclose AI use when required Editorial Review Process The editorial team acknowledges that no “AI Detection” tools have been demonstrated to have a high level of valid- ity. Keywords: data; policy; research; tools; use
• ConV2X Virtual Keynote | Trustworthy Computing : Converge2Xcelerate (ConV2X) Driving Platforms and Decentralized Technology in Healthcare and Life Sciences by Cuomo, Jerry (2025) - The example of privacy is, you know, looking at user inputs to AI models, and they may have sensitive information, risking privacy breaches. So AI models have been trained on unauthorized data, and that's an ethical and legal risk under regulations like GDPR, which mandate proper data usage and consent. Keywords: blockchain; code; data; kind; right; things; trust; way
• Applications of Blockchain Within Healthcare by Bell, Liam; Buchanan, William J; Cameron, Jonathan; Lo, Owen (2018) - Blockchain: an enabler for life sciences and healthcare blockchain: an enabler for life sciences healthcare. Medical device asset tracking is a current problem within the healthcare sector. Keywords: blockchain; consent; contracts; data; device; ethereum; healthcare; patient; rfid; supply; system; technology; tracking

• Response to Zolfaghari et al.: Letter to the Editor | Open Access DMMS: A Decentralized Blockchain Ledger for the Management of Medication Histories by Chen, You (2019) - To the best of our knowledge, third-party EHR vendors do not actually store any EHR data generated by private healthcare organizations. If they plan to store or maintain data coming from private healthcare organizations, the data should be in an encrypted manner to avoid private information leaking. Keywords: blockchain; healthcare
• Dawn of a New Decade: Looking Forward with BHTY by Cenaj, Tory (2020) - We express our sincere thanks to our audience, peer reviewers, ambassadors, and stalwart authors for sharing their unique perspectives and experiences through BHTY. To this end, BHTY continuously pushes the boundaries of technology and innovation in scholarly publication and ecosystem practices to bring https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v3.125 https://crossmark.crossref.org/dialog/?doi=10.30953/bhty.v3.125&domain=blockchainhealthcaretoday.com&date_stamp=2020-01-13 Page 2 of 2 Blockchain in Healthcare TodayTM ISSN 2573-8240 online https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v3.125 trust, transparency, and truth to authors, readers, and distinguished peer reviewers. Keywords: bhty; healthcare
• The Fourth Industrial Revolution of Healthcare Information Technology: Key Business Components to Unlock the Value of a Blockchain-Enabled Solution by Ingraham, Ann; St. Clair, Jim (2020) - As described by the World Economic Forum (WEF),1 the fourth industrial revolution is here and is changing business models across every industry vertical. This changing interaction with technology will impact business models. Keywords: blockchain; business; healthcare; internet; revolution; technology
• Trust-by-Design: Evaluating Issues and Perceptions within Clinical Passporting by Abramson, Will; van Deursen, Nicole E; Buchanan, William J (2020) - Connor-Green identifies that SSIs could be one of the core use cases of blockchain in health.20 Liang et al. outline a blockchain approach within a healthcare management system, where the distributed nature of SSIs supports a scalable infrastructure that moves away from the centralized control of identity within many existing healthcare infrastructures (Figure 1).21,22 METHOD The goal of the workshop was to gather a set of values and principles that can be used to evaluate emerging technology for identity systems within healthcare. Although written before the era of SSI, Cameron himself finds the laws still relevant, also for identity systems on the blockchain and decentralized identity.27 He points out, for instance, that the first four of the laws are also requirements within the GDPR. Keywords: blockchain; credential; design; doctor; healthcare; https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v3.140; identity; issn; online; participants; principles; process; ssi; systems; todaytm; trust; user; workshop
• Applicability of Blockchain-Based Implementation for Risk Management in Healthcare Projects by Chung, In Bae; Caldas, Carlos (2022) - (14) Participants may even prefer not revealing their perspec- tives on project risks, as they are closely aligned with their individual objectives in a project. Patterson FD, Neailey K. A risk register database system to aid the management of project risk. Keywords: blockchain; citation; construction; events; healthcare; management; network; process; project; prototype; risk; risk management; stakeholders
• Accelerating Digital Health Trends and Transformation through Scientific Communications by Cenaj, Tory (2021) - https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v4.192 mailto:t.cenaj@partnersindigitalhealth.com https://crossmark.crossref.org/dialog/?doi=10.30953/bhty.v4.192&domain=blockchainhealthcaretoday.com&date_stamp=2021-12-21 Page 2 of 3 Blockchain in Healthcare TodayTM ISSN 2573-8240 online https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v4.192 Many groups argue that focusing on journal ‘brands’ intensifies competition between researchers and journals in ways that distort behavior and undermine a healthy and productive scholarly enterprise (2). As a result, we should expect policy measures that shift how scientific work is produced, disseminated, consumed and rewarded to push fields into new areas of study. Keywords: health; healthcare; https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v4.192; journals; work
• Leveraging Blockchain Technology to Enhance Supply Chain Management in Healthcare:: An exploration of challenges and opportunities in the health supply chain by Clauson, Kevin A.; Breeden, Elizabeth A.; Davidson, Cameron; Mackey, Timothy K. (2018) - Numerous efforts to protect supply chains in the broader context of all commodities and goods have been undertaken, including the United States (US) National Strategy for Global Supply Chain Security1, which is a White House initiative to: “promote efficient and secure services” and “foster resilience”.1,2 While this federal strategy on supply chain security is important for any industry, a compromised supply chain in healthcare is of particular importance as it can result in a number of failures in healthcare delivery that directly impact patient safety and health outcomes. Selected companies exploring blockchain for health supply chain management Company Features Website Block Verify Extending anti-counterfeit solutions from luxury valuables to medications http://www.blockverify.io Chronicled Partnered with The LinkLab for a blockchain- supported DSCSA compliance platform https://www.chronicled.com IBM Blockchain Early work with supply chain management in food products with multiple partners https://www.ibm.com/blockchain/supply- chain FarmaTrust UK org developing blockchain solution for pharmaceutical supply chain, Initial Coin Offering (ICO) primarily for European market https://www.farmatrust.com iSolve Advanced Digital Ledger Technology, BlockRx ICO primarily for U.S. market http://isolve.io Modum Blend of blockchain and sensors, MOD token Initial Token Offering (ITO) http://modum.io OriginTrail Recognized by Walmart Food Safety, partnered with Yimishiji; TRAC token https://origintrail.io Provenance UK org starting with chain-of-custody for food; positioned to extend https://www.provenance.org T-Mining Belgians partnered with NxtPort for container shipping; adaptable tech http://t-mining.be The LinkLab Knowledge resource, development partner, partnered with Chronicled http://www.thelinklab.com VeChain Combining blockchain and IoT; food/drug forays in roadmap; VEN/VET token https://www.vechain.com Walton Early phase to use RFID and IoT; goals to scale to business ecosystem; WTC token https://www.waltonchain.org DSCSA: Drug Supply Chain Security Act, IoT: Internet of Things, RFID: Keywords: blockchain; chain; devices; doi; drug; health; healthcare; management; medical; pharmaceutical; safety; security; supply; supply chain; technology; today; use
• Problems with Medical Claims that Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Blockchain Can Fix by Hawayek, Joe; AbouElKhir, MD, Osama (2023) - 1 (page number not for citation purpose) EDITORIAL Problems with Medical Claims that Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Blockchain Can Fix Joe Hawayek, MBA1, Osama AbouElKhir, MD2 1Board Member, TachyHealth, Dubai, United Arab Emirates; 2Board Member, TachyHealth, Dubai, United Arab Emirates Corresponding Author: Joe Hawayek, Email: joe@tachyhealth.com Keywords: aging population, artificial intelligence, blockchain, fraudulent claims, healthcare utilization, medical claims, Middle East Submitted: 28 May 2023; Accepted: 15 June 2023; Published: 25 July 2023 The challenges in medical claims in the Middle East are significant. The objective here is to raise awareness of the challenges in medical claims in the Middle East, share best practices, and propose innova- tive strategies designed to improve the efficiency, accu- racy, and cost-effectiveness of medical claims processing in the region. Keywords: claims; company; healthcare; insurance; services
• Innovative Minds Shine Bright at the 2023 ConV2X Pitch Competition : Meet the Winners! by Cenaj, Tory (2023) - Entrants were asked to demonstrate how products and services directly impact telehealth and blockchain in healthcare technology fields from around the globe. Companies that competed for top accolades alongside the winners included: • Quantm AI: Innovating the future of healthcare safety • NVFT Bio Oracles, Nvelope LLC: Pioneering bioin- formatics solutions for enhanced patient care • MyGenoVerse, Genobank.io: Unlocking the power of genetic data for personalized healthcare • PRIMS, PragmaClin Research Inc: Advancing clinical research with cutting-edge technology • Keywords: blockchain; conv2x; healthcare; solution
• DMMS: A Decentralized Blockchain Ledger for the Management of Medication Histories by Li, Patrick; Nelson, Scott D.; Malin, Bradley A.; Chen, You (2019) - Tam VC, Knowles SR, Cornish PL, et al. Frequency, type and clinical importance of medication history errors at admission to hospital: A systematic review. However, there is a lack of efficient mechanisms to ensure that medication histories transferred from one institution to another are accurate, secure, and trustworthy. Keywords: blockchain; client; drug; figure; healthcare; histories; https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v2.38; institutions; ledger; medication; network; patient; prescriber; prescription; process; system; transactions
• Comment on: DMMS: A Decentralized Blockchain Ledger for the Management of Medication Histories by Zolfaghari, Amir Hossein; Nasiri, Mahdi; Sharifian, Roxana (2019) - Blockchain Healthcare Today 2019; 1. Available at URL: mailto:zolfaghari@sums.ac.ir Blockchain in Healthcare TodayTM ISSN 2573-8240 online https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v2.98 https://blockchainhealthcaretoday.com/index.php/journal/article/view/38 2. | Open Access DMMS: A Decentralized Blockchain Ledger for the Management of Medication Histories Patrick Li1, Scott D. Nelson2, Bradley A. Malin3, You Chen4 1Computer Science, Saratoga High School, Saratoga, CA, USA; 2Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; 3Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; 4Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA Blockchain in Healthcare Today, January 4, 2019. Keywords: blockchain; healthcare; january; page; university

• Do They Know It’s Christmas? Water Is the Source of All Life on This Planet, and Therefore the Source of Health by Hesp, Cees (2024) - Use Case ONW aims to build water taps in the desert, turning seawater into drinking water, by using solar energy to pump sweet water from boreholes or by converting nighttime dew to drink. ONW aims to revive this tradition with the DeFi Hunger & Poverty Water Bond to finance water taps in the desert(s) of Africa. Keywords: bond; citation; finance; poverty; water

• Existential Times Keynote by Cenaj, Tory (2025) - Technology has taken leaps, presenting existential questions for patients and health providers alike. We are the purveyors of better health, better outcomes and builders of a new sustainable business model where patients not only thrive but can also be empowered to become an equal player in the business value chain. Keywords: health; today

• Voice Biometrics and Blockchain: Secure Interoperable Data Exchange for Healthcare by Chevallereau, Ben; Carter, Gracie; Sneha, Sweta (2019) - Saavha returns a unique member ID that is passed directly to the OBF https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v2.119 mailto:gracie.carter@synchrogenix.com https://crossmark.crossref.org/dialog/?doi=10.30953/bhty.v2.119&domain=blockchainhealthcaretoday.com&date_stamp=2019-11-19 Page 2 of 2 Blockchain in Healthcare TodayTM ISSN 2573-8240 online https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v2.119 blockchain smart contract for storage and interoperable patient record access (the ID does not contain public health information [PHI]). OBF empowers patients with data access through biometric identity authentication, blockchain, and machine-–to-machine secure data access. Keywords: blockchain; obf; patients

• Mapping the AI Landscape in Life Sciences: A Framework for Evaluation and Adoption by Hinkel, Jennifer M; Peck, Fraser; Kidd, Cory (2025) - Table 2 illustrates this matrix and provides representa- tive examples of AI applications at each intersection of Lifecycle Phase and Operational Domain, showcasing potential use cases for AI technologies across common biopharma business areas. Limitations Our methodology has limitations, including an acknowl- edgment that the rapid pace of AI development is likely to outpace even expert knowledge. Keywords: framework

• Making the US a Telehealth Ready Nation by Gruber (Moderator), David; Berman, Iris; Wilson, Andrew B. (2021) - Dropbox - CONV2X_181024-1300_X_Telehealth-Ready-Nation.mp3 - Simplify your life Keywords: dropbox
• Making Telehealth a Strategic Asset to Achieve Efficiency by Arkwright (Moderator), Bryan; Edwards, James; Mattison, John (2021) - Dropbox - CONV2X_181024-1500_Making-Telehealth-Efficient.mp3 - Simplify your life Keywords: dropbox
• Netflixing Clinical Trials: How TeleHealth is Changing the Clinical Trial Forever by Kachnowski, Stan (2021) - Dropbox - CONV2X_181024-1600_Netflixing-Clinical-Trials.mp3 - Simplify your life Keywords: dropbox
• Telemedicine and Digital Health to Improve the Value of Health Care by Mechanic, Oren (2021) - Dropbox - CONV2X_181024-1620_Oren-Mechanic.mp3 - Simplify your life Keywords: dropbox

• Separating Signal from Noise: Advice for Blockchain Startups by Halamka, John D. (2018) - 29-Article Text-267-1-2-20180602 Page 1 of 2 Blockchain in Healthcare Today™ ISSN 2573-8240 online https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v1.29 Separating Signal from Noise: Advice for Blockchain Startups John D. Halamka, MD, Editor-in-Chief, BHTY ow many startups have you discovered that promise to solve every outstanding computer science and informatics challenge with blockchain? I hope this is useful guidance as you work with blockchain startups. Keywords: blockchain; exchange; url

• Publisher's Letter by Cenaj, Tory (2018) - Thanks to BHTY Managing Editor, John Russo, PharmD, for his support and dedication to the success of BHTY. Peer review is a voluntary role, and these individuals, ardent enthusiasts and users of the technology, are commended. Keywords: bhty; blockchain; journal

• Use of Blockchain Technology for Electronic Prescriptions by Seaberg, Ryan W. ; Seaberg, Tyler R. ; Seaberg, David C. (2021) - 252.pdf Title: Use of Blockchain Technology for Electronic Prescriptions Author(s): Ryan W. Seaberg, Tyler R. Seaberg, David C. Seaberg Published In: Blockchain in Healthcare Today Published On: 2021-10-22 Format: PDF Size: 1171370 Bytes (1.17 MB) Number of pages: 5 DOI: 10.30953/bhty.v4.183 Technical Details: Hedera Transaction ID: 0.0.34776@1644511223.284233749 Message signature: bloUdj3WRls9TXy1cD+GtdszBQMOowmzyE/1Z2gaUiYWYbe+ATwqRBRXNTJwCowMA3AXeuT04FJQYeKeXf1VDw== Message content: eyJjb250ZW50Ijp7ImhlYWRlciI6eyJvcGVyYXRvckFjY291bnROdW0iOiIwLjAuMzQ3NzYiLCJjYWxsZXIiOiIzMDJhMzAwNTA2MD MyYjY1NzAwMzIxMDA5ZTMzNTljYjVhNDg0ZTdkZDk0MjU1OWI1MGZkYTNkYTcwY2RhNDkzNWU3ZTEyY2ZkNTZkNWRjNWM2N2Y5NmQ3 IiwidmFsaWRTdGFydE5hbm9zIjoiMTY0NDUxMTIyMy4yODQyMzM3NDkifSwiYm9keSI6eyJmaWxlbmFtZSI6IjI1Mi5wZGYiLCJmb3 JtYXQiOiJQREYiLCJoYXNoIjoiMzgzYWNhMTRmZjlmOWUzNzU4ZDQ4YjY2MmFmZGMyMTQzNWVmMTgyYTU5NTFhNjE4ZDVjNWQzN2Vl YmY0YWJmNCIsInNpemUiOiIxMTcxMzcwIEJ5dGVzICgxLjE3IE1CKSIsIm5iT2ZQYWdlcyI6NSwidGl0bGUiOiJVc2Ugb2YgQmxvY2 tjaGFpbiBUZWNobm9sb2d5IGZvciBFbGVjdHJvbmljIFByZXNjcmlwdGlvbnMiLCJqb3VybmFsIjoiQmxvY2tjaGFpbiBpbiBIZWFs dGhjYXJlIFRvZGF5IiwiZG9pIjoiMTAuMzA5NTMvYmh0eS52NC4xODMiLCJhdXRob3JzIjoiUnlhbiBXLiBTZWFiZXJnLCBUeWxlci BSLiBTZWFiZXJnLCBEYXZpZCBDLiBTZWFiZXJnIiwicHVibGljYXRpb25EYXRlIjoiMjAyMS0xMC0yMiJ9fSwic2lnbmF0dXJlIjoi YmxvVWRqM1dSbHM5VFh5MWNEK0d0ZHN6QlFNT293bXp5RS8xWjJnYVVpWVdZYmUrQVR3cVJCUlhOVEp3Q293TUEzQVhldVQwNEZKUV llS2VYZjFWRHc9PSJ9 Powered By In Collaboration With http://dx.doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v4.183 https://ledger.hashlog.io/tx/0.0.34776@1644511223.284233749 Proof Of Origin Proof Of Origin This document has been stamped and recorded on the Hedera Hashgraph Ledger Solution on 10th February 2022 at 4:40:31 pm UTC. Keywords: seaberg

Epilogue

For more detail, about this study carrel, see the computed home page. For more detail about study carrels in general, see the read me file.

Created: 2025-12-23