id sid tid token lemma pos biht-419 1 1 1 1 X biht-419 1 2 ( ( PUNCT biht-419 1 3 page page NOUN biht-419 1 4 number number NOUN biht-419 1 5 not not PART biht-419 1 6 for for ADP biht-419 1 7 citation citation NOUN biht-419 1 8 purpose purpose NOUN biht-419 1 9 ) ) PUNCT biht-419 1 10 original original ADJ biht-419 1 11 research research NOUN biht-419 1 12 a a DET biht-419 1 13 blockchain blockchain PROPN biht-419 1 14 - - PUNCT biht-419 1 15 based base VERB biht-419 1 16 framework framework NOUN biht-419 1 17 with with ADP biht-419 1 18 zero zero NUM biht-419 1 19 - - PUNCT biht-419 1 20 knowledge knowledge NOUN biht-419 1 21 proof proof NOUN biht-419 1 22 incorporated incorporate VERB biht-419 1 23 for for ADP biht-419 1 24 safeguarded safeguard VERB biht-419 1 25 sharing sharing NOUN biht-419 1 26 of of ADP biht-419 1 27 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 1 28 data datum NOUN biht-419 1 29 through through ADP biht-419 1 30 health health NOUN biht-419 1 31 record record NOUN biht-419 1 32 systems systems PROPN biht-419 1 33 nandini nandini PROPN biht-419 1 34 krishappa krishappa PROPN biht-419 1 35 , , PUNCT biht-419 1 36 m.tech m.tech NOUN biht-419 1 37 , , PUNCT biht-419 1 38 phd phd NOUN biht-419 1 39     SPACE biht-419 1 40 , , PUNCT biht-419 1 41 girisha girisha PROPN biht-419 1 42 gowdra gowdra PROPN biht-419 1 43 shivappa shivappa PROPN biht-419 1 44 , , PUNCT biht-419 1 45 phd phd PROPN biht-419 1 46     SPACE biht-419 1 47 , , PUNCT biht-419 1 48 sharon sharon PROPN biht-419 1 49 zachariah zachariah PROPN biht-419 1 50 , , PUNCT biht-419 1 51 b.tech b.tech NOUN biht-419 1 52     SPACE biht-419 1 53 , , PUNCT biht-419 1 54 thanushree thanushree PROPN biht-419 1 55 b.tech b.tech NOUN biht-419 1 56     SPACE biht-419 1 57 , , PUNCT biht-419 1 58 kavyashree kavyashree PROPN biht-419 1 59 i. i. PROPN biht-419 1 60 pattan pattan PROPN biht-419 1 61 , , PUNCT biht-419 1 62 m.tech m.tech NOUN biht-419 1 63 , , PUNCT biht-419 1 64 phd phd NOUN biht-419 1 65     SPACE biht-419 1 66 , , PUNCT biht-419 1 67 arpita arpita PROPN biht-419 1 68 paria paria PROPN biht-419 1 69 , , PUNCT biht-419 1 70 m.tech m.tech NOUN biht-419 1 71 , , PUNCT biht-419 1 72 savitha savitha PROPN biht-419 1 73 hiremath hiremath PROPN biht-419 1 74 , , PUNCT biht-419 1 75 phd phd NOUN biht-419 1 76     SPACE biht-419 1 77 , , PUNCT biht-419 1 78 and and CCONJ biht-419 1 79 revathi revathi PROPN biht-419 1 80 vaithiyanathan vaithiyanathan PROPN biht-419 1 81 , , PUNCT biht-419 1 82 phd phd NOUN biht-419 1 83     SPACE biht-419 1 84 department department NOUN biht-419 1 85 of of ADP biht-419 1 86 computer computer NOUN biht-419 1 87 science science NOUN biht-419 1 88 and and CCONJ biht-419 1 89 engineering engineering NOUN biht-419 1 90 , , PUNCT biht-419 1 91 dayananda dayananda PROPN biht-419 1 92 sagar sagar PROPN biht-419 1 93 university university PROPN biht-419 1 94 , , PUNCT biht-419 1 95 bengaluru bengaluru PROPN biht-419 1 96 south south PROPN biht-419 1 97 , , PUNCT biht-419 1 98 karnataka karnataka PROPN biht-419 1 99 , , PUNCT biht-419 1 100 india india PROPN biht-419 1 101 corresponding corresponding PROPN biht-419 1 102 author author NOUN biht-419 1 103 : : PUNCT biht-419 1 104 nandini nandini PROPN biht-419 1 105 k k PROPN biht-419 1 106 , , PUNCT biht-419 1 107 email email NOUN biht-419 1 108 : : PUNCT biht-419 1 109 nandini-cse@dsu.edu.in nandini-cse@dsu.edu.in ADV biht-419 1 110 doi doi NOUN biht-419 1 111 : : PUNCT biht-419 1 112 https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v8.419 https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v8.419 X biht-419 1 113 keywords keyword NOUN biht-419 1 114 : : PUNCT biht-419 1 115 blockchain blockchain NOUN biht-419 1 116 , , PUNCT biht-419 1 117 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 1 118 data datum NOUN biht-419 1 119 sharing sharing NOUN biht-419 1 120 , , PUNCT biht-419 1 121 homomorphic homomorphic ADJ biht-419 1 122 encryption encryption NOUN biht-419 1 123 , , PUNCT biht-419 1 124 smart smart ADJ biht-419 1 125 contracts contract NOUN biht-419 1 126 , , PUNCT biht-419 1 127 zero zero NUM biht-419 1 128 - - PUNCT biht-419 1 129 knowledge knowledge NOUN biht-419 1 130 proofs proof NOUN biht-419 1 131 abstract abstract ADJ biht-419 1 132 genomic genomic NOUN biht-419 1 133 data datum NOUN biht-419 1 134 sharing sharing NOUN biht-419 1 135 remains remain VERB biht-419 1 136 a a DET biht-419 1 137 core core NOUN biht-419 1 138 problem problem NOUN biht-419 1 139 in in ADP biht-419 1 140 precision precision NOUN biht-419 1 141 medicine medicine NOUN biht-419 1 142 because because SCONJ biht-419 1 143 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 1 144 data datum NOUN biht-419 1 145 are be AUX biht-419 1 146 highly highly ADV biht-419 1 147 sensitive sensitive ADJ biht-419 1 148 and and CCONJ biht-419 1 149 unchangeable unchangeable ADJ biht-419 1 150 . . PUNCT biht-419 2 1 in in ADP biht-419 2 2 this this DET biht-419 2 3 article article NOUN biht-419 2 4 , , PUNCT biht-419 2 5 we we PRON biht-419 2 6 propose propose VERB biht-419 2 7 a a DET biht-419 2 8 blockchain blockchain PROPN biht-419 2 9 - - PUNCT biht-419 2 10 based base VERB biht-419 2 11 framework framework NOUN biht-419 2 12 that that PRON biht-419 2 13 utilizes utilize VERB biht-419 2 14 zero zero NUM biht-419 2 15 - - PUNCT biht-419 2 16 knowledge knowledge NOUN biht-419 2 17 proofs proof NOUN biht-419 2 18 ( ( PUNCT biht-419 2 19 zkps zkps PROPN biht-419 2 20 ) ) PUNCT biht-419 2 21 , , PUNCT biht-419 2 22 smart smart ADJ biht-419 2 23 contracts contract NOUN biht-419 2 24 , , PUNCT biht-419 2 25 and and CCONJ biht-419 2 26 off off ADP biht-419 2 27 - - PUNCT biht-419 2 28 chain chain NOUN biht-419 2 29 storage storage NOUN biht-419 2 30 to to PART biht-419 2 31 facilitate facilitate VERB biht-419 2 32 secure secure ADJ biht-419 2 33 , , PUNCT biht-419 2 34 privacy privacy NOUN biht-419 2 35 - - PUNCT biht-419 2 36 preserving preserve VERB biht-419 2 37 data datum NOUN biht-419 2 38 sharing sharing NOUN biht-419 2 39 within within ADP biht-419 2 40 health health NOUN biht-419 2 41 record record NOUN biht-419 2 42 systems system NOUN biht-419 2 43 . . PUNCT biht-419 3 1 we we PRON biht-419 3 2 implemented implement VERB biht-419 3 3 and and CCONJ biht-419 3 4 evaluated evaluate VERB biht-419 3 5 a a DET biht-419 3 6 proof proof NOUN biht-419 3 7 - - PUNCT biht-419 3 8 of of ADP biht-419 3 9 - - PUNCT biht-419 3 10 concept concept NOUN biht-419 3 11 prototype prototype NOUN biht-419 3 12 in in ADP biht-419 3 13 python python NOUN biht-419 3 14 on on ADP biht-419 3 15 a a DET biht-419 3 16 simulated simulate VERB biht-419 3 17 genomic genomic NOUN biht-419 3 18 dataset dataset NOUN biht-419 3 19 . . PUNCT biht-419 4 1 the the DET biht-419 4 2 prototype prototype NOUN biht-419 4 3 uses use VERB biht-419 4 4 a a DET biht-419 4 5 hybrid hybrid ADJ biht-419 4 6 storage storage NOUN biht-419 4 7 system system NOUN biht-419 4 8 where where SCONJ biht-419 4 9 metadata metadata NOUN biht-419 4 10 is be AUX biht-419 4 11 retained retain VERB biht-419 4 12 on on ADP biht-419 4 13 a a DET biht-419 4 14 blockchain blockchain NOUN biht-419 4 15 and and CCONJ biht-419 4 16 encrypted encrypt VERB biht-419 4 17 data datum NOUN biht-419 4 18 are be AUX biht-419 4 19 placed place VERB biht-419 4 20 in in ADP biht-419 4 21 an an DET biht-419 4 22 emulated emulated ADJ biht-419 4 23 interplanetary interplanetary ADJ biht-419 4 24 file file NOUN biht-419 4 25 system system NOUN biht-419 4 26 ( ( PUNCT biht-419 4 27 ipfs ipf NOUN biht-419 4 28 ) ) PUNCT biht-419 4 29 . . PUNCT biht-419 5 1 rule rule NOUN biht-419 5 2 - - PUNCT biht-419 5 3 based base VERB biht-419 5 4 access access NOUN biht-419 5 5 is be AUX biht-419 5 6 controlled control VERB biht-419 5 7 using use VERB biht-419 5 8 smart smart ADJ biht-419 5 9 contracts contract NOUN biht-419 5 10 , , PUNCT biht-419 5 11 while while SCONJ biht-419 5 12 privacy privacy NOUN biht-419 5 13 and and CCONJ biht-419 5 14 security security NOUN biht-419 5 15 are be AUX biht-419 5 16 achieved achieve VERB biht-419 5 17 using use VERB biht-419 5 18 zkps zkps PROPN biht-419 5 19 with with ADP biht-419 5 20 interactive interactive ADJ biht-419 5 21 schnorr schnorr NOUN biht-419 5 22 protocol protocol PROPN biht-419 5 23 and and CCONJ biht-419 5 24 elliptic elliptic ADJ biht-419 5 25 curve curve NOUN biht-419 5 26 cryptography cryptography NOUN biht-419 5 27 ( ( PUNCT biht-419 5 28 ecc ecc PROPN biht-419 5 29 ) ) PUNCT biht-419 5 30 . . PUNCT biht-419 6 1 empirical empirical ADJ biht-419 6 2 analysis analysis NOUN biht-419 6 3 using use VERB biht-419 6 4 real real ADJ biht-419 6 5 - - PUNCT biht-419 6 6 time time NOUN biht-419 6 7 testing testing NOUN biht-419 6 8 over over ADP biht-419 6 9 100 100 NUM biht-419 6 10 iterations iteration NOUN biht-419 6 11 reported report VERB biht-419 6 12 an an DET biht-419 6 13 average average ADJ biht-419 6 14 zero zero NUM biht-419 6 15 - - PUNCT biht-419 6 16 knowledge knowledge NOUN biht-419 6 17 proof proof NOUN biht-419 6 18 with with ADP biht-419 6 19 blockchain blockchain PROPN biht-419 6 20 ( ( PUNCT biht-419 6 21 zkpb zkpb NOUN biht-419 6 22 ) ) PUNCT biht-419 6 23 query query NOUN biht-419 6 24 latency latency NOUN biht-419 6 25 of of ADP biht-419 6 26 5.83 5.83 NUM biht-419 6 27 ms ms NOUN biht-419 6 28 with with ADP biht-419 6 29 a a DET biht-419 6 30 90.00 90.00 NUM biht-419 6 31 % % NOUN biht-419 6 32 accuracy accuracy NOUN biht-419 6 33 , , PUNCT biht-419 6 34 smart smart ADJ biht-419 6 35 contract contract NOUN biht-419 6 36 latency latency NOUN biht-419 6 37 of of ADP biht-419 6 38 under under ADP biht-419 6 39 0.01 0.01 NUM biht-419 6 40 ms ms NOUN biht-419 6 41 with with ADP biht-419 6 42 90.00 90.00 NUM biht-419 6 43 % % NOUN biht-419 6 44 accuracy accuracy NOUN biht-419 6 45 , , PUNCT biht-419 6 46 blockchain blockchain PROPN biht-419 6 47 query query PROPN biht-419 6 48 time time NOUN biht-419 6 49 of of ADP biht-419 6 50 0.01 0.01 NUM biht-419 6 51 ms ms NOUN biht-419 6 52 with with ADP biht-419 6 53 90.00 90.00 NUM biht-419 6 54 % % NOUN biht-419 6 55 accuracy accuracy NOUN biht-419 6 56 , , PUNCT biht-419 6 57 and and CCONJ biht-419 6 58 ecc ecc PROPN biht-419 6 59 latency latency NOUN biht-419 6 60 of of ADP biht-419 6 61 8.72 8.72 NUM biht-419 6 62 ms ms NOUN biht-419 6 63 with with ADP biht-419 6 64 90.00 90.00 NUM biht-419 6 65 % % NOUN biht-419 6 66 accuracy accuracy NOUN biht-419 6 67 . . PUNCT biht-419 7 1 these these DET biht-419 7 2 empirical empirical ADJ biht-419 7 3 findings finding NOUN biht-419 7 4 validate validate VERB biht-419 7 5 the the DET biht-419 7 6 effectiveness effectiveness NOUN biht-419 7 7 and and CCONJ biht-419 7 8 privacy privacy NOUN biht-419 7 9 guarantees guarantee NOUN biht-419 7 10 of of ADP biht-419 7 11 the the DET biht-419 7 12 framework framework NOUN biht-419 7 13 , , PUNCT biht-419 7 14 which which PRON biht-419 7 15 can can AUX biht-419 7 16 be be AUX biht-419 7 17 utilized utilize VERB biht-419 7 18 in in ADP biht-419 7 19 healthcare healthcare PROPN biht-419 7 20 research research NOUN biht-419 7 21 , , PUNCT biht-419 7 22 clinical clinical ADJ biht-419 7 23 genomics genomic NOUN biht-419 7 24 , , PUNCT biht-419 7 25 and and CCONJ biht-419 7 26 personalized personalized ADJ biht-419 7 27 medicine medicine NOUN biht-419 7 28 workflows workflow NOUN biht-419 7 29 . . PUNCT biht-419 8 1 plain plain ADJ biht-419 8 2 language language NOUN biht-419 8 3 summary summary NOUN biht-419 8 4 in in ADP biht-419 8 5 the the DET biht-419 8 6 age age NOUN biht-419 8 7 of of ADP biht-419 8 8 precision precision NOUN biht-419 8 9 medicine medicine NOUN biht-419 8 10 , , PUNCT biht-419 8 11 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 8 12 data datum NOUN biht-419 8 13 are be AUX biht-419 8 14 becoming become VERB biht-419 8 15 central central ADJ biht-419 8 16 to to ADP biht-419 8 17 powering power VERB biht-419 8 18 customized customized ADJ biht-419 8 19 diagnosis diagnosis NOUN biht-419 8 20 and and CCONJ biht-419 8 21 therapy therapy NOUN biht-419 8 22 . . PUNCT biht-419 9 1 however however ADV biht-419 9 2 , , PUNCT biht-419 9 3 its its PRON biht-419 9 4 permanent permanent ADJ biht-419 9 5 and and CCONJ biht-419 9 6 sensitive sensitive ADJ biht-419 9 7 nature nature NOUN biht-419 9 8 raises raise VERB biht-419 9 9 concerns concern NOUN biht-419 9 10 over over ADP biht-419 9 11 privacy privacy NOUN biht-419 9 12 , , PUNCT biht-419 9 13 misuse misuse NOUN biht-419 9 14 , , PUNCT biht-419 9 15 and and CCONJ biht-419 9 16 unauthorized unauthorized ADJ biht-419 9 17 exploitation exploitation NOUN biht-419 9 18 . . PUNCT biht-419 10 1 legacy legacy NOUN biht-419 10 2 centralized centralize VERB biht-419 10 3 architecture architecture NOUN biht-419 10 4 remains remain VERB biht-419 10 5 vulnerable vulnerable ADJ biht-419 10 6 to to ADP biht-419 10 7 breaches breach NOUN biht-419 10 8 , , PUNCT biht-419 10 9 thus thus ADV biht-419 10 10 necessitating necessitate VERB biht-419 10 11 more more ADV biht-419 10 12 resilient resilient ADJ biht-419 10 13 alternatives alternative NOUN biht-419 10 14 . . PUNCT biht-419 11 1 recent recent ADJ biht-419 11 2 advances advance NOUN biht-419 11 3 have have AUX biht-419 11 4 turned turn VERB biht-419 11 5 towards towards ADP biht-419 11 6 blockchain blockchain NOUN biht-419 11 7 for for ADP biht-419 11 8 its its PRON biht-419 11 9 decentralization decentralization NOUN biht-419 11 10 and and CCONJ biht-419 11 11 permanence permanence NOUN biht-419 11 12 but but CCONJ biht-419 11 13 remain remain VERB biht-419 11 14 incomplete incomplete ADJ biht-419 11 15 in in ADP biht-419 11 16 terms term NOUN biht-419 11 17 of of ADP biht-419 11 18 scalability scalability NOUN biht-419 11 19 and and CCONJ biht-419 11 20 privacy privacy NOUN biht-419 11 21 . . PUNCT biht-419 12 1 new new ADJ biht-419 12 2 research research NOUN biht-419 12 3 also also ADV biht-419 12 4 combines combine VERB biht-419 12 5 federated federated ADJ biht-419 12 6 learning learning NOUN biht-419 12 7 , , PUNCT biht-419 12 8 smart smart ADJ biht-419 12 9 contracts contract NOUN biht-419 12 10 , , PUNCT biht-419 12 11 and and CCONJ biht-419 12 12 consent consent NOUN biht-419 12 13 mechanisms mechanism NOUN biht-419 12 14 , , PUNCT biht-419 12 15 but but CCONJ biht-419 12 16 few few ADJ biht-419 12 17 attempt attempt NOUN biht-419 12 18 to to PART biht-419 12 19 adequately adequately ADV biht-419 12 20 address address VERB biht-419 12 21 the the DET biht-419 12 22 complexity complexity NOUN biht-419 12 23 of of ADP biht-419 12 24 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 12 25 data datum NOUN biht-419 12 26 privacy privacy NOUN biht-419 12 27 , , PUNCT biht-419 12 28 actual actual ADJ biht-419 12 29 - - PUNCT biht-419 12 30 world world NOUN biht-419 12 31 scalability scalability NOUN biht-419 12 32 , , PUNCT biht-419 12 33 or or CCONJ biht-419 12 34 data datum NOUN biht-419 12 35 protection protection NOUN biht-419 12 36 regulations regulation NOUN biht-419 12 37 compliance compliance NOUN biht-419 12 38 . . PUNCT biht-419 13 1 we we PRON biht-419 13 2 present present VERB biht-419 13 3 secure secure ADJ biht-419 13 4 chain chain NOUN biht-419 13 5 , , PUNCT biht-419 13 6 a a DET biht-419 13 7 decentralized decentralize VERB biht-419 13 8 , , PUNCT biht-419 13 9 privacy privacy NOUN biht-419 13 10 - - PUNCT biht-419 13 11 enhancing enhance VERB biht-419 13 12 infrastructure infrastructure NOUN biht-419 13 13 for for ADP biht-419 13 14 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 13 15 data datum NOUN biht-419 13 16 sharing share VERB biht-419 13 17 with with ADP biht-419 13 18 security security NOUN biht-419 13 19 . . PUNCT biht-419 14 1 by by ADP biht-419 14 2 drawing draw VERB biht-419 14 3 on on ADP biht-419 14 4 blockchain blockchain NOUN biht-419 14 5 , , PUNCT biht-419 14 6 zero zero NUM biht-419 14 7 - - PUNCT biht-419 14 8 knowledge knowledge NOUN biht-419 14 9 proofs proof NOUN biht-419 14 10 ( ( PUNCT biht-419 14 11 zkps zkps PROPN biht-419 14 12 ) ) PUNCT biht-419 14 13 , , PUNCT biht-419 14 14 off off ADP biht-419 14 15 - - PUNCT biht-419 14 16 chain chain NOUN biht-419 14 17 storage storage NOUN biht-419 14 18 ( ( PUNCT biht-419 14 19 e.g. e.g. ADV biht-419 14 20 ipfs ipf NOUN biht-419 14 21 ) ) PUNCT biht-419 14 22 , , PUNCT biht-419 14 23 and and CCONJ biht-419 14 24 homomorphic homomorphic ADJ biht-419 14 25 encryption encryption NOUN biht-419 14 26 , , PUNCT biht-419 14 27 the the DET biht-419 14 28 system system NOUN biht-419 14 29 provides provide VERB biht-419 14 30 confidentiality confidentiality NOUN biht-419 14 31 , , PUNCT biht-419 14 32 verifiability verifiability NOUN biht-419 14 33 , , PUNCT biht-419 14 34 and and CCONJ biht-419 14 35 scalability scalability NOUN biht-419 14 36 . . PUNCT biht-419 15 1 the the DET biht-419 15 2 goal goal NOUN biht-419 15 3 here here ADV biht-419 15 4 is be AUX biht-419 15 5 to to PART biht-419 15 6 compare compare VERB biht-419 15 7 this this DET biht-419 15 8 hybrid hybrid ADJ biht-419 15 9 architecture architecture NOUN biht-419 15 10 ’s ’s PART biht-419 15 11 performance performance NOUN biht-419 15 12 on on ADP biht-419 15 13 parameters parameter NOUN biht-419 15 14 such such ADJ biht-419 15 15 as as ADP biht-419 15 16 security security NOUN biht-419 15 17 , , PUNCT biht-419 15 18 computational computational ADJ biht-419 15 19 cost cost NOUN biht-419 15 20 , , PUNCT biht-419 15 21 and and CCONJ biht-419 15 22 query query NOUN biht-419 15 23 response response NOUN biht-419 15 24 time time NOUN biht-419 15 25 with with ADP biht-419 15 26 full full ADJ biht-419 15 27 compliance compliance NOUN biht-419 15 28 with with ADP biht-419 15 29 law law NOUN biht-419 15 30 ( ( PUNCT biht-419 15 31 health health NOUN biht-419 15 32 insurance insurance NOUN biht-419 15 33 portability portability NOUN biht-419 15 34 and and CCONJ biht-419 15 35 accountability accountability NOUN biht-419 15 36 act act NOUN biht-419 15 37 [ [ X biht-419 15 38 hipaa hipaa NOUN biht-419 15 39 ] ] PUNCT biht-419 15 40 and and CCONJ biht-419 15 41 general general ADJ biht-419 15 42 data datum NOUN biht-419 15 43 protection protection NOUN biht-419 15 44 regulation regulation NOUN biht-419 15 45 [ [ X biht-419 15 46 gdpr gdpr X biht-419 15 47 ] ] X biht-419 15 48 ) ) PUNCT biht-419 15 49 . . PUNCT biht-419 16 1 by by ADP biht-419 16 2 comparative comparative ADJ biht-419 16 3 outputs output NOUN biht-419 16 4 , , PUNCT biht-419 16 5 the the DET biht-419 16 6 framework framework NOUN biht-419 16 7 shall shall AUX biht-419 16 8 prove prove VERB biht-419 16 9 that that SCONJ biht-419 16 10 combining combine VERB biht-419 16 11 zkps zkps PROPN biht-419 16 12 and and CCONJ biht-419 16 13 blockchain blockchain PROPN biht-419 16 14 provides provide VERB biht-419 16 15 an an DET biht-419 16 16 optimal optimal ADJ biht-419 16 17 trade trade NOUN biht-419 16 18 - - PUNCT biht-419 16 19 off off NOUN biht-419 16 20 between between ADP biht-419 16 21 privacy privacy NOUN biht-419 16 22 and and CCONJ biht-419 16 23 efficiency efficiency NOUN biht-419 16 24 in in ADP biht-419 16 25 making make VERB biht-419 16 26 secure secure ADJ biht-419 16 27 chain chain NOUN biht-419 16 28 a a DET biht-419 16 29 feasible feasible ADJ biht-419 16 30 , , PUNCT biht-419 16 31 practical practical ADJ biht-419 16 32 solution solution NOUN biht-419 16 33 for for ADP biht-419 16 34 safe safe ADJ biht-419 16 35 , , PUNCT biht-419 16 36 regulation regulation NOUN biht-419 16 37 - - PUNCT biht-419 16 38 compliant compliant ADJ biht-419 16 39 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 16 40 data datum NOUN biht-419 16 41 exchange exchange NOUN biht-419 16 42 . . PUNCT biht-419 17 1 submitted submit VERB biht-419 17 2 : : PUNCT biht-419 17 3 june june PROPN biht-419 17 4 28 28 NUM biht-419 17 5 , , PUNCT biht-419 17 6 2025 2025 NUM biht-419 17 7 ; ; PUNCT biht-419 17 8 accepted accept VERB biht-419 17 9 : : PUNCT biht-419 17 10 june june PROPN biht-419 17 11 28 28 NUM biht-419 17 12 , , PUNCT biht-419 17 13 2025 2025 NUM biht-419 17 14 ; ; PUNCT biht-419 17 15 published publish VERB biht-419 17 16 : : PUNCT biht-419 17 17 november november PROPN biht-419 17 18 29 29 NUM biht-419 17 19 , , PUNCT biht-419 17 20 2025 2025 NUM biht-419 17 21 . . PUNCT biht-419 18 1 blockchain blockchain NOUN biht-419 18 2 in in ADP biht-419 18 3 healthcare healthcare PROPN biht-419 18 4 today today NOUN biht-419 18 5 issn issn PROPN biht-419 18 6 2573 2573 NUM biht-419 18 7 - - SYM biht-419 18 8 8240 8240 NUM biht-419 18 9 https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5743-3845 https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5743-3845 NOUN biht-419 18 10 https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1313-3239 https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1313-3239 NOUN biht-419 18 11 https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7037-3998 https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7037-3998 ADV biht-419 19 1 https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2494-8140 https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2494-8140 INTJ biht-419 19 2 https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3292-9327 https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3292-9327 NOUN biht-419 19 3 https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7322-3075 https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7322-3075 VERB biht-419 19 4 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1150-8358 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1150-8358 NOUN biht-419 19 5 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4574-9384 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4574-9384 VERB biht-419 19 6 mailto:nandini-cse@dsu.edu.in mailto:nandini-cse@dsu.edu.in PROPN biht-419 19 7 https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v8.419 https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v8.419 VERB biht-419 19 8 citation citation NOUN biht-419 19 9 : : PUNCT biht-419 20 1 blockchain blockchain NOUN biht-419 20 2 in in ADP biht-419 20 3 healthcare healthcare NOUN biht-419 20 4 today today NOUN biht-419 20 5 2025 2025 NUM biht-419 20 6 , , PUNCT biht-419 20 7 8 8 NUM biht-419 20 8 : : SYM biht-419 20 9 419 419 NUM biht-419 20 10 https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v8.4192 https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v8.4192 NOUN biht-419 20 11 ( ( PUNCT biht-419 20 12 page page NOUN biht-419 20 13 number number NOUN biht-419 20 14 not not PART biht-419 20 15 for for ADP biht-419 20 16 citation citation NOUN biht-419 20 17 purpose purpose NOUN biht-419 20 18 ) ) PUNCT biht-419 20 19 nandini nandini PROPN biht-419 20 20 k k PROPN biht-419 20 21 et et PROPN biht-419 20 22 al al PROPN biht-419 20 23 . . PROPN biht-419 21 1 in in ADP biht-419 21 2 the the DET biht-419 21 3 context context NOUN biht-419 21 4 of of ADP biht-419 21 5 precision precision NOUN biht-419 21 6 medicine medicine NOUN biht-419 21 7 , , PUNCT biht-419 21 8 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 21 9 data datum NOUN biht-419 21 10 are be AUX biht-419 21 11 valued value VERB biht-419 21 12 for for ADP biht-419 21 13 improving improve VERB biht-419 21 14 diagnosis diagnosis NOUN biht-419 21 15 , , PUNCT biht-419 21 16 tailoring tailor VERB biht-419 21 17 treatment treatment NOUN biht-419 21 18 , , PUNCT biht-419 21 19 and and CCONJ biht-419 21 20 disease disease NOUN biht-419 21 21 prediction prediction NOUN biht-419 21 22 . . PUNCT biht-419 22 1 its its PRON biht-419 22 2 high high ADJ biht-419 22 3 sensitivity sensitivity NOUN biht-419 22 4 , , PUNCT biht-419 22 5 durability durability NOUN biht-419 22 6 , , PUNCT biht-419 22 7 and and CCONJ biht-419 22 8 uniqueness uniqueness NOUN biht-419 22 9 , , PUNCT biht-419 22 10 however however ADV biht-419 22 11 , , PUNCT biht-419 22 12 trigger trigger NOUN biht-419 22 13 fundamental fundamental ADJ biht-419 22 14 privacy privacy NOUN biht-419 22 15 , , PUNCT biht-419 22 16 data datum NOUN biht-419 22 17 spillover spillover VERB biht-419 22 18 , , PUNCT biht-419 22 19 and and CCONJ biht-419 22 20 ethics ethic NOUN biht-419 22 21 misuse misuse NOUN biht-419 22 22 concerns concern NOUN biht-419 22 23 . . PUNCT biht-419 23 1 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 23 2 data datum NOUN biht-419 23 3 made make VERB biht-419 23 4 public public ADJ biht-419 23 5 or or CCONJ biht-419 23 6 misused misuse VERB biht-419 23 7 can can AUX biht-419 23 8 irreversibly irreversibly ADV biht-419 23 9 impact impact VERB biht-419 23 10 identity identity NOUN biht-419 23 11 theft theft NOUN biht-419 23 12 , , PUNCT biht-419 23 13 genetic genetic ADJ biht-419 23 14 discrimination discrimination NOUN biht-419 23 15 , , PUNCT biht-419 23 16 and and CCONJ biht-419 23 17 violation violation NOUN biht-419 23 18 of of ADP biht-419 23 19 consent consent NOUN biht-419 23 20 in in ADP biht-419 23 21 the the DET biht-419 23 22 hands hand NOUN biht-419 23 23 of of ADP biht-419 23 24 the the DET biht-419 23 25 wrong wrong ADJ biht-419 23 26 actors actor NOUN biht-419 23 27 . . PUNCT biht-419 24 1 these these DET biht-419 24 2 vulnerabilities vulnerability NOUN biht-419 24 3 point point VERB biht-419 24 4 to to ADP biht-419 24 5 the the DET biht-419 24 6 necessity necessity NOUN biht-419 24 7 for for ADP biht-419 24 8 a a DET biht-419 24 9 privacy privacy NOUN biht-419 24 10 - - PUNCT biht-419 24 11 protecting protect VERB biht-419 24 12 and and CCONJ biht-419 24 13 secure secure ADJ biht-419 24 14 paradigm paradigm NOUN biht-419 24 15 to to PART biht-419 24 16 manage manage VERB biht-419 24 17 and and CCONJ biht-419 24 18 share share VERB biht-419 24 19 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 24 20 information information NOUN biht-419 24 21 securely.1 securely.1 PROPN biht-419 24 22 blockchain blockchain PROPN biht-419 24 23 centralized centralize VERB biht-419 24 24 genomic genomic NOUN biht-419 24 25 databases database NOUN biht-419 24 26 , , PUNCT biht-419 24 27 while while SCONJ biht-419 24 28 widely widely ADV biht-419 24 29 used use VERB biht-419 24 30 , , PUNCT biht-419 24 31 are be AUX biht-419 24 32 prone prone ADJ biht-419 24 33 to to ADP biht-419 24 34 cyberattacks cyberattack NOUN biht-419 24 35 and and CCONJ biht-419 24 36 unauthorized unauthorized ADJ biht-419 24 37 entry entry NOUN biht-419 24 38 due due ADP biht-419 24 39 to to ADP biht-419 24 40 single single ADJ biht-419 24 41 - - PUNCT biht-419 24 42 point point NOUN biht-419 24 43 failures failure NOUN biht-419 24 44 . . PUNCT biht-419 25 1 blockchain blockchain PROPN biht-419 25 2 technology technology PROPN biht-419 25 3 introduces introduce VERB biht-419 25 4 decentralization decentralization NOUN biht-419 25 5 , , PUNCT biht-419 25 6 immutability immutability NOUN biht-419 25 7 , , PUNCT biht-419 25 8 and and CCONJ biht-419 25 9 tamper tamper ADJ biht-419 25 10 - - ADJ biht-419 25 11 proof proof ADJ biht-419 25 12 auditing auditing NOUN biht-419 25 13 and and CCONJ biht-419 25 14 thus thus ADV biht-419 25 15 is be AUX biht-419 25 16 an an DET biht-419 25 17 ideal ideal ADJ biht-419 25 18 choice choice NOUN biht-419 25 19 for for ADP biht-419 25 20 secure secure ADJ biht-419 25 21 data datum NOUN biht-419 25 22 sharing.2 sharing.2 NOUN biht-419 25 23 nonetheless nonetheless ADV biht-419 25 24 , , PUNCT biht-419 25 25 blockchain blockchain PROPN biht-419 25 26 alone alone ADV biht-419 25 27 is be AUX biht-419 25 28 not not PART biht-419 25 29 feasible feasible ADJ biht-419 25 30 due due ADP biht-419 25 31 to to ADP biht-419 25 32 the the DET biht-419 25 33 sheer sheer ADJ biht-419 25 34 volume volume NOUN biht-419 25 35 of of ADP biht-419 25 36 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 25 37 data datum NOUN biht-419 25 38 — — PUNCT biht-419 25 39 approximately approximately ADV biht-419 25 40 3 3 NUM biht-419 25 41 billion billion NUM biht-419 25 42 base base NOUN biht-419 25 43 pairs pair NOUN biht-419 25 44 per per ADP biht-419 25 45 genome genome NOUN biht-419 25 46 . . PUNCT biht-419 26 1 it it PRON biht-419 26 2 is be AUX biht-419 26 3 impossible impossible ADJ biht-419 26 4 to to PART biht-419 26 5 store store VERB biht-419 26 6 such such ADJ biht-419 26 7 data datum NOUN biht-419 26 8 on on ADP biht-419 26 9 - - PUNCT biht-419 26 10 chain chain NOUN biht-419 26 11 , , PUNCT biht-419 26 12 which which PRON biht-419 26 13 means mean VERB biht-419 26 14 a a DET biht-419 26 15 hybrid hybrid ADJ biht-419 26 16 model model NOUN biht-419 26 17 where where SCONJ biht-419 26 18 blockchain blockchain PROPN biht-419 26 19 stores store NOUN biht-419 26 20 metadata metadata PROPN biht-419 26 21 and and CCONJ biht-419 26 22 off off ADP biht-419 26 23 - - PUNCT biht-419 26 24 chain chain NOUN biht-419 26 25 infrastructure infrastructure NOUN biht-419 26 26 like like ADP biht-419 26 27 interplanetary interplanetary ADJ biht-419 26 28 file file NOUN biht-419 26 29 system system NOUN biht-419 26 30 ( ( PUNCT biht-419 26 31 ipfs ipf NOUN biht-419 26 32 ) ) PUNCT biht-419 26 33 is be AUX biht-419 26 34 utilized utilize VERB biht-419 26 35 for for ADP biht-419 26 36 the the DET biht-419 26 37 storage storage NOUN biht-419 26 38 of of ADP biht-419 26 39 big big ADJ biht-419 26 40 data datum NOUN biht-419 26 41 . . PUNCT biht-419 27 1 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 27 2 information information NOUN biht-419 27 3 needs need VERB biht-419 27 4 to to PART biht-419 27 5 be be AUX biht-419 27 6 highly highly ADV biht-419 27 7 protected protect VERB biht-419 27 8 , , PUNCT biht-419 27 9 as as SCONJ biht-419 27 10 genetic genetic ADJ biht-419 27 11 information information NOUN biht-419 27 12 is be AUX biht-419 27 13 highly highly ADV biht-419 27 14 intimate intimate ADJ biht-419 27 15 and and CCONJ biht-419 27 16 unique unique ADJ biht-419 27 17 to to ADP biht-419 27 18 the the DET biht-419 27 19 person person NOUN biht-419 27 20 and and CCONJ biht-419 27 21 can can AUX biht-419 27 22 reveal reveal VERB biht-419 27 23 private private ADJ biht-419 27 24 information information NOUN biht-419 27 25 such such ADJ biht-419 27 26 as as ADP biht-419 27 27 ancestry ancestry NOUN biht-419 27 28 , , PUNCT biht-419 27 29 disease disease NOUN biht-419 27 30 risk risk NOUN biht-419 27 31 , , PUNCT biht-419 27 32 and and CCONJ biht-419 27 33 biological biological ADJ biht-419 27 34 family family NOUN biht-419 27 35 relationships relationship NOUN biht-419 27 36 . . PUNCT biht-419 28 1 the the DET biht-419 28 2 information information NOUN biht-419 28 3 , , PUNCT biht-419 28 4 once once ADV biht-419 28 5 leaked leak VERB biht-419 28 6 , , PUNCT biht-419 28 7 can can AUX biht-419 28 8 lead lead VERB biht-419 28 9 to to ADP biht-419 28 10 egregious egregious ADJ biht-419 28 11 privacy privacy NOUN biht-419 28 12 violations violation NOUN biht-419 28 13 , , PUNCT biht-419 28 14 employment employment NOUN biht-419 28 15 or or CCONJ biht-419 28 16 insurance insurance NOUN biht-419 28 17 discrimination discrimination NOUN biht-419 28 18 , , PUNCT biht-419 28 19 and and CCONJ biht-419 28 20 identity identity NOUN biht-419 28 21 theft theft NOUN biht-419 28 22 . . PUNCT biht-419 29 1 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 29 2 information information NOUN biht-419 29 3 is be AUX biht-419 29 4 also also ADV biht-419 29 5 permanent permanent ADJ biht-419 29 6 ; ; PUNCT biht-419 29 7 it it PRON biht-419 29 8 can can AUX biht-419 29 9 not not PART biht-419 29 10 be be AUX biht-419 29 11 deleted delete VERB biht-419 29 12 once once ADV biht-419 29 13 leaked leak VERB biht-419 29 14 , , PUNCT biht-419 29 15 so so CCONJ biht-419 29 16 it it PRON biht-419 29 17 is be AUX biht-419 29 18 a a DET biht-419 29 19 lifelong lifelong ADJ biht-419 29 20 risk risk NOUN biht-419 29 21 factor factor NOUN biht-419 29 22 . . PUNCT biht-419 30 1 hence hence ADV biht-419 30 2 , , PUNCT biht-419 30 3 secure secure ADJ biht-419 30 4 storage storage NOUN biht-419 30 5 is be AUX biht-419 30 6 essential essential ADJ biht-419 30 7 to to PART biht-419 30 8 maintain maintain VERB biht-419 30 9 people people NOUN biht-419 30 10 ’s ’s PART biht-419 30 11 rights right NOUN biht-419 30 12 , , PUNCT biht-419 30 13 provide provide VERB biht-419 30 14 assurance assurance NOUN biht-419 30 15 in in ADP biht-419 30 16 genetic genetic ADJ biht-419 30 17 research research NOUN biht-419 30 18 and and CCONJ biht-419 30 19 medical medical ADJ biht-419 30 20 treatment treatment NOUN biht-419 30 21 , , PUNCT biht-419 30 22 and and CCONJ biht-419 30 23 satisfy satisfy VERB biht-419 30 24 the the DET biht-419 30 25 data datum NOUN biht-419 30 26 protection protection NOUN biht-419 30 27 ethics ethic NOUN biht-419 30 28 and and CCONJ biht-419 30 29 legislation.3,4 legislation.3,4 ADJ biht-419 30 30 zero zero NUM biht-419 30 31 knowledge knowledge NOUN biht-419 30 32 proof proof NOUN biht-419 30 33 with with ADP biht-419 30 34 blockchain blockchain PROPN biht-419 30 35 ( ( PUNCT biht-419 30 36 zkpb zkpb PROPN biht-419 30 37 ) ) PUNCT biht-419 30 38 blockchain blockchain NOUN biht-419 30 39 and and CCONJ biht-419 30 40 zero zero NUM biht-419 30 41 - - PUNCT biht-419 30 42 knowledge knowledge NOUN biht-419 30 43 proofs proof NOUN biht-419 30 44 ( ( PUNCT biht-419 30 45 zkps zkps PROPN biht-419 30 46 ) ) PUNCT biht-419 30 47 are be AUX biht-419 30 48 to to PART biht-419 30 49 be be AUX biht-419 30 50 used use VERB biht-419 30 51 in in ADP biht-419 30 52 conjunction conjunction NOUN biht-419 30 53 with with ADP biht-419 30 54 each each DET biht-419 30 55 other other ADJ biht-419 30 56 because because SCONJ biht-419 30 57 they they PRON biht-419 30 58 complement complement VERB biht-419 30 59 one one NUM biht-419 30 60 another another PRON biht-419 30 61 ’s ’s PART biht-419 30 62 weaknesses weakness NOUN biht-419 30 63 . . PUNCT biht-419 31 1 blockchains blockchain NOUN biht-419 31 2 offer offer VERB biht-419 31 3 security security NOUN biht-419 31 4 and and CCONJ biht-419 31 5 transparency transparency NOUN biht-419 31 6 but but CCONJ biht-419 31 7 lack lack NOUN biht-419 31 8 privacy privacy NOUN biht-419 31 9 and and CCONJ biht-419 31 10 scalability scalability NOUN biht-419 31 11 , , PUNCT biht-419 31 12 and and CCONJ biht-419 31 13 zkps zkps PROPN biht-419 31 14 offer offer VERB biht-419 31 15 a a DET biht-419 31 16 way way NOUN biht-419 31 17 of of ADP biht-419 31 18 proving prove VERB biht-419 31 19 information information NOUN biht-419 31 20 to to PART biht-419 31 21 be be AUX biht-419 31 22 true true ADJ biht-419 31 23 without without ADP biht-419 31 24 revealing reveal VERB biht-419 31 25 the the DET biht-419 31 26 underlying underlie VERB biht-419 31 27 data datum NOUN biht-419 31 28 . . PUNCT biht-419 32 1 by by ADP biht-419 32 2 merging merge VERB biht-419 32 3 blockchain blockchain PROPN biht-419 32 4 and and CCONJ biht-419 32 5 zkps zkps PROPN biht-419 32 6 , , PUNCT biht-419 32 7 the the DET biht-419 32 8 systems system NOUN biht-419 32 9 can can AUX biht-419 32 10 get get AUX biht-419 32 11 trusted trust VERB biht-419 32 12 and and CCONJ biht-419 32 13 secure secure VERB biht-419 32 14 confirmation confirmation NOUN biht-419 32 15 of of ADP biht-419 32 16 computations computation NOUN biht-419 32 17 or or CCONJ biht-419 32 18 transactions transaction NOUN biht-419 32 19 while while SCONJ biht-419 32 20 keeping keep VERB biht-419 32 21 sensitive sensitive ADJ biht-419 32 22 data datum NOUN biht-419 32 23 hidden hide VERB biht-419 32 24 and and CCONJ biht-419 32 25 only only ADV biht-419 32 26 having have VERB biht-419 32 27 much much ADV biht-419 32 28 less less ADJ biht-419 32 29 data datum NOUN biht-419 32 30 stored store VERB biht-419 32 31 and and CCONJ biht-419 32 32 processed process VERB biht-419 32 33 on on ADP biht-419 32 34 - - PUNCT biht-419 32 35 chain chain NOUN biht-419 32 36 . . PUNCT biht-419 33 1 this this DET biht-419 33 2 blend blend NOUN biht-419 33 3 results result NOUN biht-419 33 4 in in ADP biht-419 33 5 more more ADV biht-419 33 6 efficient efficient ADJ biht-419 33 7 , , PUNCT biht-419 33 8 scalable scalable ADJ biht-419 33 9 , , PUNCT biht-419 33 10 and and CCONJ biht-419 33 11 privacy privacy NOUN biht-419 33 12 - - PUNCT biht-419 33 13 assuring assure VERB biht-419 33 14 decentralized decentralized ADJ biht-419 33 15 applications application NOUN biht-419 33 16 , , PUNCT biht-419 33 17 which which PRON biht-419 33 18 is be AUX biht-419 33 19 critical critical ADJ biht-419 33 20 for for ADP biht-419 33 21 real real ADJ biht-419 33 22 - - PUNCT biht-419 33 23 world world NOUN biht-419 33 24 adoption.5,6 adoption.5,6 NOUN biht-419 33 25 it it PRON biht-419 33 26 is be AUX biht-419 33 27 important important ADJ biht-419 33 28 to to PART biht-419 33 29 combine combine VERB biht-419 33 30 zkps zkps PROPN biht-419 33 31 and and CCONJ biht-419 33 32 blockchain blockchain PROPN biht-419 33 33 for for ADP biht-419 33 34 the the DET biht-419 33 35 storage storage NOUN biht-419 33 36 of of ADP biht-419 33 37 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 33 38 data datum NOUN biht-419 33 39 because because SCONJ biht-419 33 40 it it PRON biht-419 33 41 will will AUX biht-419 33 42 enable enable VERB biht-419 33 43 secure secure ADJ biht-419 33 44 , , PUNCT biht-419 33 45 tamper tamper ADJ biht-419 33 46 - - ADJ biht-419 33 47 evident evident ADJ biht-419 33 48 storage storage NOUN biht-419 33 49 of of ADP biht-419 33 50 sensitive sensitive ADJ biht-419 33 51 genetic genetic ADJ biht-419 33 52 information information NOUN biht-419 33 53 without without ADP biht-419 33 54 compromising compromise VERB biht-419 33 55 individual individual ADJ biht-419 33 56 privacy privacy NOUN biht-419 33 57 . . PUNCT biht-419 34 1 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 34 2 data datum NOUN biht-419 34 3 are be AUX biht-419 34 4 very very ADV biht-419 34 5 personal personal ADJ biht-419 34 6 and and CCONJ biht-419 34 7 valuable valuable ADJ biht-419 34 8 , , PUNCT biht-419 34 9 and and CCONJ biht-419 34 10 uploading upload VERB biht-419 34 11 them they PRON biht-419 34 12 onto onto ADP biht-419 34 13 an an DET biht-419 34 14 open open ADJ biht-419 34 15 blockchain blockchain NOUN biht-419 34 16 risks risk NOUN biht-419 34 17 exposing expose VERB biht-419 34 18 sensitive sensitive ADJ biht-419 34 19 data datum NOUN biht-419 34 20 . . PUNCT biht-419 35 1 the the DET biht-419 35 2 integration integration NOUN biht-419 35 3 of of ADP biht-419 35 4 zkps zkps PROPN biht-419 35 5 enables enable VERB biht-419 35 6 the the DET biht-419 35 7 proof proof NOUN biht-419 35 8 that that SCONJ biht-419 35 9 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 35 10 data datum NOUN biht-419 35 11 meet meet VERB biht-419 35 12 certain certain ADJ biht-419 35 13 requirements requirement NOUN biht-419 35 14 without without ADP biht-419 35 15 revealing reveal VERB biht-419 35 16 the the DET biht-419 35 17 underlying underlie VERB biht-419 35 18 sequence sequence NOUN biht-419 35 19 . . PUNCT biht-419 36 1 this this PRON biht-419 36 2 ensures ensure VERB biht-419 36 3 that that DET biht-419 36 4 usage usage NOUN biht-419 36 5 of of ADP biht-419 36 6 and and CCONJ biht-419 36 7 access access NOUN biht-419 36 8 to to ADP biht-419 36 9 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 36 10 data datum NOUN biht-419 36 11 is be AUX biht-419 36 12 traceable traceable ADJ biht-419 36 13 and and CCONJ biht-419 36 14 compliant compliant ADJ biht-419 36 15 with with ADP biht-419 36 16 data datum NOUN biht-419 36 17 protection protection NOUN biht-419 36 18 laws law NOUN biht-419 36 19 , , PUNCT biht-419 36 20 using use VERB biht-419 36 21 blockchain blockchain NOUN biht-419 36 22 immutability immutability NOUN biht-419 36 23 and and CCONJ biht-419 36 24 decentralization decentralization NOUN biht-419 36 25 to to PART biht-419 36 26 deter deter VERB biht-419 36 27 tampering tampering NOUN biht-419 36 28 or or CCONJ biht-419 36 29 abuse abuse NOUN biht-419 36 30 of of ADP biht-419 36 31 data.7,8 data.7,8 ADV biht-419 36 32 to to PART biht-419 36 33 further far ADV biht-419 36 34 ensure ensure VERB biht-419 36 35 secure secure ADJ biht-419 36 36 data datum NOUN biht-419 36 37 exchange exchange NOUN biht-419 36 38 and and CCONJ biht-419 36 39 user user NOUN biht-419 36 40 anonymity anonymity NOUN biht-419 36 41 , , PUNCT biht-419 36 42 advanced advanced ADJ biht-419 36 43 cryptographic cryptographic ADJ biht-419 36 44 techniques technique NOUN biht-419 36 45 are be AUX biht-419 36 46 integrated integrate VERB biht-419 36 47 . . PUNCT biht-419 37 1 homomorphic homomorphic ADJ biht-419 37 2 encryption encryption NOUN biht-419 37 3 facilitates facilitate VERB biht-419 37 4 computations computation NOUN biht-419 37 5 on on ADP biht-419 37 6 ciphertext ciphertext PROPN biht-419 37 7 itself itself PRON biht-419 37 8 , , PUNCT biht-419 37 9 ensuring ensure VERB biht-419 37 10 privacy privacy NOUN biht-419 37 11 during during ADP biht-419 37 12 analysis analysis NOUN biht-419 37 13 . . PUNCT biht-419 38 1 multiparty multiparty ADJ biht-419 38 2 computation computation NOUN biht-419 38 3 facilitates facilitate VERB biht-419 38 4 joint joint ADJ biht-419 38 5 analysis analysis NOUN biht-419 38 6 without without ADP biht-419 38 7 disclosing disclose VERB biht-419 38 8 individual individual ADJ biht-419 38 9 datasets dataset NOUN biht-419 38 10 . . PUNCT biht-419 39 1 these these DET biht-419 39 2 technologies technology NOUN biht-419 39 3 form form VERB biht-419 39 4 the the DET biht-419 39 5 basis basis NOUN biht-419 39 6 of of ADP biht-419 39 7 a a DET biht-419 39 8 privacy privacy NOUN biht-419 39 9 - - PUNCT biht-419 39 10 aware aware ADJ biht-419 39 11 , , PUNCT biht-419 39 12 scalable scalable ADJ biht-419 39 13 , , PUNCT biht-419 39 14 and and CCONJ biht-419 39 15 regulation regulation NOUN biht-419 39 16 - - PUNCT biht-419 39 17 compliant compliant ADJ biht-419 39 18 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 39 19 data data NOUN biht-419 39 20 - - PUNCT biht-419 39 21 sharing share VERB biht-419 39 22 model model NOUN biht-419 39 23 . . PUNCT biht-419 40 1 background background NOUN biht-419 40 2 secure secure ADJ biht-419 40 3 management management NOUN biht-419 40 4 and and CCONJ biht-419 40 5 sharing sharing NOUN biht-419 40 6 of of ADP biht-419 40 7 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 40 8 data datum NOUN biht-419 40 9 have have AUX biht-419 40 10 been be AUX biht-419 40 11 the the DET biht-419 40 12 focus focus NOUN biht-419 40 13 of of ADP biht-419 40 14 increasing increase VERB biht-419 40 15 research research NOUN biht-419 40 16 attention attention NOUN biht-419 40 17 , , PUNCT biht-419 40 18 particularly particularly ADV biht-419 40 19 with with ADP biht-419 40 20 blockchain blockchain PROPN biht-419 40 21 technologies technology NOUN biht-419 40 22 . . PUNCT biht-419 41 1 however however ADV biht-419 41 2 , , PUNCT biht-419 41 3 table table NOUN biht-419 41 4 1 1 NUM biht-419 41 5 provides provide VERB biht-419 41 6 an an DET biht-419 41 7 analysis analysis NOUN biht-419 41 8 of of ADP biht-419 41 9 existing exist VERB biht-419 41 10 work work NOUN biht-419 41 11 and and CCONJ biht-419 41 12 limitations limitation NOUN biht-419 41 13 for for ADP biht-419 41 14 privacy privacy NOUN biht-419 41 15 protection protection NOUN biht-419 41 16 , , PUNCT biht-419 41 17 usability usability NOUN biht-419 41 18 , , PUNCT biht-419 41 19 scalability scalability NOUN biht-419 41 20 , , PUNCT biht-419 41 21 and and CCONJ biht-419 41 22 adaptability adaptability NOUN biht-419 41 23 to to ADP biht-419 41 24 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 41 25 data datum NOUN biht-419 41 26 specifically specifically ADV biht-419 41 27 . . PUNCT biht-419 42 1 a a DET biht-419 42 2 blockchain blockchain NOUN biht-419 42 3 - - PUNCT biht-419 42 4 based base VERB biht-419 42 5 genomic genomic NOUN biht-419 42 6 data datum NOUN biht-419 42 7 infrastructure infrastructure NOUN biht-419 42 8 using use VERB biht-419 42 9 hyperledger hyperledger NOUN biht-419 42 10 and and CCONJ biht-419 42 11 bittorrent bittorrent NOUN biht-419 42 12 integration integration NOUN biht-419 42 13 helps help VERB biht-419 42 14 enable enable VERB biht-419 42 15 decentralized decentralized ADJ biht-419 42 16 storage storage NOUN biht-419 42 17 and and CCONJ biht-419 42 18 tracking tracking NOUN biht-419 42 19 of of ADP biht-419 42 20 ownership ownership NOUN biht-419 42 21 . . PUNCT biht-419 43 1 the the DET biht-419 43 2 system system NOUN biht-419 43 3 demonstrated demonstrate VERB biht-419 43 4 scalability scalability NOUN biht-419 43 5 up up ADP biht-419 43 6 to to PART biht-419 43 7 400 400 NUM biht-419 43 8 transactions transaction NOUN biht-419 43 9 per per ADP biht-419 43 10 second second ADJ biht-419 43 11 and and CCONJ biht-419 43 12 emphasized emphasize VERB biht-419 43 13 equal equal ADJ biht-419 43 14 gains gain NOUN biht-419 43 15 for for ADP biht-419 43 16 the the DET biht-419 43 17 stakeholders.9 stakeholders.9 PROPN biht-419 43 18 the the DET biht-419 43 19 solution solution NOUN biht-419 43 20 lacked lack VERB biht-419 43 21 inherent inherent ADJ biht-419 43 22 mechanisms mechanism NOUN biht-419 43 23 for for ADP biht-419 43 24 data datum NOUN biht-419 43 25 privacy privacy NOUN biht-419 43 26 and and CCONJ biht-419 43 27 integrity integrity NOUN biht-419 43 28 , , PUNCT biht-419 43 29 which which PRON biht-419 43 30 is be AUX biht-419 43 31 critical critical ADJ biht-419 43 32 in in ADP biht-419 43 33 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 43 34 data datum NOUN biht-419 43 35 management management NOUN biht-419 43 36 , , PUNCT biht-419 43 37 particularly particularly ADV biht-419 43 38 when when SCONJ biht-419 43 39 there there PRON biht-419 43 40 was be VERB biht-419 43 41 no no DET biht-419 43 42 fixed fix VERB biht-419 43 43 dataset dataset NOUN biht-419 43 44 for for ADP biht-419 43 45 validation validation NOUN biht-419 43 46 . . PUNCT biht-419 44 1 in in ADP biht-419 44 2 a a DET biht-419 44 3 different different ADJ biht-419 44 4 strategy strategy NOUN biht-419 44 5 , , PUNCT biht-419 44 6 integrated integrate VERB biht-419 44 7 federated federated ADJ biht-419 44 8 learning learning NOUN biht-419 44 9 with with ADP biht-419 44 10 blockchain blockchain PROPN biht-419 44 11 was be AUX biht-419 44 12 used use VERB biht-419 44 13 to to PART biht-419 44 14 enable enable VERB biht-419 44 15 secure secure ADJ biht-419 44 16 medical medical ADJ biht-419 44 17 artificial artificial ADJ biht-419 44 18 intelligence intelligence NOUN biht-419 44 19 ( ( PUNCT biht-419 44 20 ai ai NOUN biht-419 44 21 ) ) PUNCT biht-419 44 22 diagnosis diagnosis NOUN biht-419 44 23 . . PUNCT biht-419 45 1 their their PRON biht-419 45 2 system system NOUN biht-419 45 3 attained attain VERB biht-419 45 4 a a DET biht-419 45 5 classification classification NOUN biht-419 45 6 accuracy accuracy NOUN biht-419 45 7 of of ADP biht-419 45 8 92.86 92.86 NUM biht-419 45 9 % % NOUN biht-419 45 10 , , PUNCT biht-419 45 11 a a DET biht-419 45 12 latency latency NOUN biht-419 45 13 of of ADP biht-419 45 14 43.52 43.52 NUM biht-419 45 15 ms ms NOUN biht-419 45 16 , , PUNCT biht-419 45 17 and and CCONJ biht-419 45 18 cyberattack cyberattack VERB biht-419 45 19 resistance resistance NOUN biht-419 45 20 ( ( PUNCT biht-419 45 21 87 87 NUM biht-419 45 22 % % NOUN biht-419 45 23 ) ) PUNCT biht-419 45 24 . . PUNCT biht-419 46 1 although although SCONJ biht-419 46 2 promising promise VERB biht-419 46 3 , , PUNCT biht-419 46 4 the the DET biht-419 46 5 use use NOUN biht-419 46 6 case case NOUN biht-419 46 7 was be AUX biht-419 46 8 restricted restrict VERB biht-419 46 9 to to ADP biht-419 46 10 image image NOUN biht-419 46 11 - - PUNCT biht-419 46 12 based base VERB biht-419 46 13 medical medical ADJ biht-419 46 14 data datum NOUN biht-419 46 15 and and CCONJ biht-419 46 16 thus thus ADV biht-419 46 17 not not PART biht-419 46 18 applicable applicable ADJ biht-419 46 19 for for ADP biht-419 46 20 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 46 21 datasets dataset NOUN biht-419 46 22 with with ADP biht-419 46 23 varying vary VERB biht-419 46 24 privacy privacy NOUN biht-419 46 25 and and CCONJ biht-419 46 26 computation computation NOUN biht-419 46 27 demands.10 demands.10 NOUN biht-419 46 28 the the DET biht-419 46 29 secure secure ADJ biht-419 46 30 consent consent NOUN biht-419 46 31 model model NOUN biht-419 46 32 utilized utilize VERB biht-419 46 33 blockchain blockchain NOUN biht-419 46 34 and and CCONJ biht-419 46 35 smart smart ADJ biht-419 46 36 contracts contract NOUN biht-419 46 37 to to PART biht-419 46 38 dynamically dynamically ADV biht-419 46 39 manage manage VERB biht-419 46 40 consent consent NOUN biht-419 46 41 in in ADP biht-419 46 42 sharing share VERB biht-419 46 43 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 46 44 data datum NOUN biht-419 46 45 , , PUNCT biht-419 46 46 specifically specifically ADV biht-419 46 47 for for ADP biht-419 46 48 precision precision NOUN biht-419 46 49 oncology oncology NOUN biht-419 46 50 datasets dataset NOUN biht-419 46 51 . . PUNCT biht-419 47 1 although although SCONJ biht-419 47 2 the the DET biht-419 47 3 system system NOUN biht-419 47 4 accommodated accommodate VERB biht-419 47 5 decentralized decentralize VERB biht-419 47 6 access access NOUN biht-419 47 7 control control NOUN biht-419 47 8 and and CCONJ biht-419 47 9 dynamic dynamic ADJ biht-419 47 10 consent consent NOUN biht-419 47 11 updates update NOUN biht-419 47 12 , , PUNCT biht-419 47 13 it it PRON biht-419 47 14 required require VERB biht-419 47 15 much much ADJ biht-419 47 16 user user NOUN biht-419 47 17 involvement involvement NOUN biht-419 47 18 , , PUNCT biht-419 47 19 which which PRON biht-419 47 20 may may AUX biht-419 47 21 limit limit VERB biht-419 47 22 its its PRON biht-419 47 23 use use NOUN biht-419 47 24 on on ADP biht-419 47 25 larger large ADJ biht-419 47 26 or or CCONJ biht-419 47 27 less less ADV biht-419 47 28 technologically technologically ADV biht-419 47 29 advanced advance VERB biht-419 47 30 groups.11 groups.11 NOUN biht-419 47 31 similarly similarly ADV biht-419 47 32 , , PUNCT biht-419 47 33 a a DET biht-419 47 34 theoretical theoretical ADJ biht-419 47 35 model model NOUN biht-419 47 36 combined combined PROPN biht-419 47 37 blockchain blockchain PROPN biht-419 47 38 , , PUNCT biht-419 47 39 smart smart ADJ biht-419 47 40 contracts contract NOUN biht-419 47 41 , , PUNCT biht-419 47 42 and and CCONJ biht-419 47 43 a a DET biht-419 47 44 de de ADJ biht-419 47 45 - - NOUN biht-419 47 46 identification identification NOUN biht-419 47 47 process process NOUN biht-419 47 48 to to PART biht-419 47 49 facilitate facilitate VERB biht-419 47 50 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 47 51 data datum NOUN biht-419 47 52 privacy privacy NOUN biht-419 47 53 and and CCONJ biht-419 47 54 traceability traceability NOUN biht-419 47 55 . . PUNCT biht-419 48 1 nevertheless nevertheless ADV biht-419 48 2 , , PUNCT biht-419 48 3 the the DET biht-419 48 4 model model NOUN biht-419 48 5 is be AUX biht-419 48 6 yet yet ADV biht-419 48 7 to to PART biht-419 48 8 be be AUX biht-419 48 9 tested test VERB biht-419 48 10 and and CCONJ biht-419 48 11 not not PART biht-419 48 12 validated validate VERB biht-419 48 13 for for ADP biht-419 48 14 performance performance NOUN biht-419 48 15 in in ADP biht-419 48 16 real real ADJ biht-419 48 17 or or CCONJ biht-419 48 18 hypothetical hypothetical ADJ biht-419 48 19 genomic genomic NOUN biht-419 48 20 scenarios scenario NOUN biht-419 48 21 , , PUNCT biht-419 48 22 hence hence ADV biht-419 48 23 better well ADV biht-419 48 24 suited suit VERB biht-419 48 25 for for ADP biht-419 48 26 future future ADJ biht-419 48 27 pilot pilot NOUN biht-419 48 28 studies study NOUN biht-419 48 29 rather rather ADV biht-419 48 30 than than ADP biht-419 48 31 instant instant ADJ biht-419 48 32 https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v8.419 https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v8.419 ADJ biht-419 48 33 citation citation NOUN biht-419 48 34 : : PUNCT biht-419 49 1 blockchain blockchain NOUN biht-419 49 2 in in ADP biht-419 49 3 healthcare healthcare NOUN biht-419 49 4 today today NOUN biht-419 49 5 2025 2025 NUM biht-419 49 6 , , PUNCT biht-419 49 7 8 8 NUM biht-419 49 8 : : SYM biht-419 49 9 419 419 NUM biht-419 49 10 https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v8.419 https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v8.419 SYM biht-419 49 11 3 3 NUM biht-419 49 12 ( ( PUNCT biht-419 49 13 page page NOUN biht-419 49 14 number number NOUN biht-419 49 15 not not PART biht-419 49 16 for for ADP biht-419 49 17 citation citation NOUN biht-419 49 18 purpose purpose NOUN biht-419 49 19 ) ) PUNCT biht-419 49 20 blockchain blockchain PROPN biht-419 49 21 safeguarded safeguard VERB biht-419 49 22 sharing sharing NOUN biht-419 49 23 of of ADP biht-419 49 24 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 49 25 data datum NOUN biht-419 49 26 application application NOUN biht-419 49 27 . . PUNCT biht-419 50 1 the the DET biht-419 50 2 genesy genesy ADJ biht-419 50 3 model model NOUN biht-419 50 4 proposed propose VERB biht-419 50 5 a a DET biht-419 50 6 hybrid hybrid ADJ biht-419 50 7 blockchain blockchain NOUN biht-419 50 8 architecture architecture NOUN biht-419 50 9 that that SCONJ biht-419 50 10 combined combine VERB biht-419 50 11 on on ADP biht-419 50 12 - - PUNCT biht-419 50 13 chain chain NOUN biht-419 50 14 and and CCONJ biht-419 50 15 off off ADP biht-419 50 16 - - PUNCT biht-419 50 17 chain chain NOUN biht-419 50 18 data data NOUN biht-419 50 19 management management NOUN biht-419 50 20 in in ADP biht-419 50 21 order order NOUN biht-419 50 22 to to PART biht-419 50 23 ensure ensure VERB biht-419 50 24 privacy privacy NOUN biht-419 50 25 as as ADV biht-419 50 26 well well ADV biht-419 50 27 as as ADP biht-419 50 28 secure secure ADJ biht-419 50 29 data datum NOUN biht-419 50 30 sharing sharing NOUN biht-419 50 31 . . PUNCT biht-419 51 1 while while SCONJ biht-419 51 2 the the DET biht-419 51 3 system system NOUN biht-419 51 4 puts put VERB biht-419 51 5 emphasis emphasis NOUN biht-419 51 6 on on ADP biht-419 51 7 users user NOUN biht-419 51 8 ’ ’ PART biht-419 51 9 ownership ownership NOUN biht-419 51 10 and and CCONJ biht-419 51 11 control control NOUN biht-419 51 12 over over ADP biht-419 51 13 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 51 14 data datum NOUN biht-419 51 15 , , PUNCT biht-419 51 16 it it PRON biht-419 51 17 is be AUX biht-419 51 18 not not PART biht-419 51 19 yet yet ADV biht-419 51 20 proven prove VERB biht-419 51 21 and and CCONJ biht-419 51 22 has have AUX biht-419 51 23 not not PART biht-419 51 24 been be AUX biht-419 51 25 operationalized operationalize VERB biht-419 51 26 or or CCONJ biht-419 51 27 implemented implement VERB biht-419 51 28 within within ADP biht-419 51 29 existing exist VERB biht-419 51 30 healthcare healthcare NOUN biht-419 51 31 systems system NOUN biht-419 51 32 , , PUNCT biht-419 51 33 which which PRON biht-419 51 34 renders render VERB biht-419 51 35 it it PRON biht-419 51 36 unusable unusable ADJ biht-419 51 37 , , PUNCT biht-419 51 38 and and CCONJ biht-419 51 39 it it PRON biht-419 51 40 also also ADV biht-419 51 41 created create VERB biht-419 51 42 a a DET biht-419 51 43 permissioned permissione VERB biht-419 51 44 blockchain blockchain NOUN biht-419 51 45 platform platform NOUN biht-419 51 46 alongside alongside ADP biht-419 51 47 ipfs ipf NOUN biht-419 51 48 to to PART biht-419 51 49 ensure ensure VERB biht-419 51 50 confidentiality confidentiality NOUN biht-419 51 51 of of ADP biht-419 51 52 private private ADJ biht-419 51 53 health health NOUN biht-419 51 54 records record NOUN biht-419 51 55 for for ADP biht-419 51 56 telemedicine telemedicine NOUN biht-419 51 57 applications application NOUN biht-419 51 58 in in ADP biht-419 51 59 another another DET biht-419 51 60 paper.12 paper.12 NOUN biht-419 51 61 though though SCONJ biht-419 51 62 the the DET biht-419 51 63 platform platform NOUN biht-419 51 64 provides provide VERB biht-419 51 65 support support NOUN biht-419 51 66 for for ADP biht-419 51 67 fault fault NOUN biht-419 51 68 tolerance tolerance NOUN biht-419 51 69 and and CCONJ biht-419 51 70 low low ADJ biht-419 51 71 latency latency NOUN biht-419 51 72 , , PUNCT biht-419 51 73 its its PRON biht-419 51 74 complexity complexity NOUN biht-419 51 75 of of ADP biht-419 51 76 setup setup NOUN biht-419 51 77 is be AUX biht-419 51 78 rather rather ADV biht-419 51 79 high high ADJ biht-419 51 80 , , PUNCT biht-419 51 81 making make VERB biht-419 51 82 it it PRON biht-419 51 83 less less ADV biht-419 51 84 viable viable ADJ biht-419 51 85 for for ADP biht-419 51 86 small small ADJ biht-419 51 87 - - PUNCT biht-419 51 88 scale scale NOUN biht-419 51 89 or or CCONJ biht-419 51 90 resource resource NOUN biht-419 51 91 - - PUNCT biht-419 51 92 poor poor ADJ biht-419 51 93 healthcare healthcare NOUN biht-419 51 94 environments environment NOUN biht-419 51 95 . . PUNCT biht-419 52 1 additionally additionally ADV biht-419 52 2 , , PUNCT biht-419 52 3 the the DET biht-419 52 4 absence absence NOUN biht-419 52 5 of of ADP biht-419 52 6 a a DET biht-419 52 7 predefined predefine VERB biht-419 52 8 dataset dataset NOUN biht-419 52 9 hinders hinder NOUN biht-419 52 10 reproducibility reproducibility NOUN biht-419 52 11 . . PUNCT biht-419 53 1 a a DET biht-419 53 2 blockchain blockchain NOUN biht-419 53 3 - - PUNCT biht-419 53 4 based base VERB biht-419 53 5 architecture architecture NOUN biht-419 53 6 for for ADP biht-419 53 7 consent consent NOUN biht-419 53 8 management management NOUN biht-419 53 9 employed employ VERB biht-419 53 10 hybrid hybrid ADJ biht-419 53 11 cryptography cryptography NOUN biht-419 53 12 to to PART biht-419 53 13 facilitate facilitate VERB biht-419 53 14 dynamic dynamic ADJ biht-419 53 15 consent consent NOUN biht-419 53 16 for for ADP biht-419 53 17 sharing share VERB biht-419 53 18 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 53 19 data datum NOUN biht-419 53 20 . . PUNCT biht-419 54 1 although although SCONJ biht-419 54 2 the the DET biht-419 54 3 model model NOUN biht-419 54 4 was be AUX biht-419 54 5 scalable scalable ADJ biht-419 54 6 and and CCONJ biht-419 54 7 privacy privacy NOUN biht-419 54 8 - - PUNCT biht-419 54 9 oriented orient VERB biht-419 54 10 , , PUNCT biht-419 54 11 it it PRON biht-419 54 12 did do AUX biht-419 54 13 not not PART biht-419 54 14 incorporate incorporate VERB biht-419 54 15 machine machine NOUN biht-419 54 16 learning learning NOUN biht-419 54 17 , , PUNCT biht-419 54 18 making make VERB biht-419 54 19 it it PRON biht-419 54 20 less less ADV biht-419 54 21 applicable applicable ADJ biht-419 54 22 for for ADP biht-419 54 23 prediction prediction NOUN biht-419 54 24 analysis analysis NOUN biht-419 54 25 in in ADP biht-419 54 26 personalized personalized ADJ biht-419 54 27 medicine.6 medicine.6 NOUN biht-419 54 28 it it PRON biht-419 54 29 also also ADV biht-419 54 30 explored explore VERB biht-419 54 31 using use VERB biht-419 54 32 federated federated ADJ biht-419 54 33 learning learning NOUN biht-419 54 34 with with ADP biht-419 54 35 blockchain blockchain PROPN biht-419 54 36 to to PART biht-419 54 37 enable enable VERB biht-419 54 38 secure secure ADJ biht-419 54 39 , , PUNCT biht-419 54 40 distributed distribute VERB biht-419 54 41 collaboration collaboration NOUN biht-419 54 42 in in ADP biht-419 54 43 healthcare healthcare PROPN biht-419 54 44 data datum NOUN biht-419 54 45 without without ADP biht-419 54 46 revealing reveal VERB biht-419 54 47 raw raw ADJ biht-419 54 48 data datum NOUN biht-419 54 49 . . PUNCT biht-419 55 1 while while SCONJ biht-419 55 2 suited suit VERB biht-419 55 3 for for ADP biht-419 55 4 collaborative collaborative ADJ biht-419 55 5 analytics analytic NOUN biht-419 55 6 , , PUNCT biht-419 55 7 methodology methodology NOUN biht-419 55 8 was be AUX biht-419 55 9 not not PART biht-419 55 10 genome genome NOUN biht-419 55 11 data datum NOUN biht-419 55 12 - - PUNCT biht-419 55 13 specific specific ADJ biht-419 55 14 , , PUNCT biht-419 55 15 limiting limit VERB biht-419 55 16 its its PRON biht-419 55 17 application application NOUN biht-419 55 18 in in ADP biht-419 55 19 the the DET biht-419 55 20 immediate immediate ADJ biht-419 55 21 context context NOUN biht-419 55 22 in in ADP biht-419 55 23 dna dna PROPN biht-419 55 24 - - PUNCT biht-419 55 25 based base VERB biht-419 55 26 studies study NOUN biht-419 55 27 and and CCONJ biht-419 55 28 precision precision NOUN biht-419 55 29 medicine.13,14,15 medicine.13,14,15 DET biht-419 55 30 another another DET biht-419 55 31 study study NOUN biht-419 55 32 introduced introduce VERB biht-419 55 33 a a DET biht-419 55 34 searchable searchable ADJ biht-419 55 35 encryption encryption NOUN biht-419 55 36 architecture architecture NOUN biht-419 55 37 based base VERB biht-419 55 38 on on ADP biht-419 55 39 ciphertext ciphertext NOUN biht-419 55 40 - - PUNCT biht-419 55 41 policy policy NOUN biht-419 55 42 attribute attribute NOUN biht-419 55 43 - - PUNCT biht-419 55 44 based base VERB biht-419 55 45 encryption encryption NOUN biht-419 55 46 and and CCONJ biht-419 55 47 blockchain blockchain NOUN biht-419 55 48 to to PART biht-419 55 49 secure secure VERB biht-419 55 50 electronic electronic ADJ biht-419 55 51 medical medical ADJ biht-419 55 52 records.16 records.16 PROPN biht-419 55 53 while while SCONJ biht-419 55 54 the the DET biht-419 55 55 system system NOUN biht-419 55 56 provided provide VERB biht-419 55 57 fine fine ADV biht-419 55 58 - - PUNCT biht-419 55 59 grained grain VERB biht-419 55 60 access access NOUN biht-419 55 61 and and CCONJ biht-419 55 62 encrypted encrypt VERB biht-419 55 63 search search NOUN biht-419 55 64 , , PUNCT biht-419 55 65 it it PRON biht-419 55 66 was be AUX biht-419 55 67 not not PART biht-419 55 68 designed design VERB biht-419 55 69 for for ADP biht-419 55 70 the the DET biht-419 55 71 high high ADJ biht-419 55 72 - - PUNCT biht-419 55 73 dimensional dimensional ADJ biht-419 55 74 characteristics characteristic NOUN biht-419 55 75 of of ADP biht-419 55 76 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 55 77 data datum NOUN biht-419 55 78 ; ; PUNCT biht-419 55 79 thus thus ADV biht-419 55 80 , , PUNCT biht-419 55 81 important important ADJ biht-419 55 82 alterations alteration NOUN biht-419 55 83 were be AUX biht-419 55 84 required require VERB biht-419 55 85 . . PUNCT biht-419 56 1 lastly lastly ADV biht-419 56 2 , , PUNCT biht-419 56 3 the the DET biht-419 56 4 proposed propose VERB biht-419 56 5 blockchain blockchain PROPN biht-419 56 6 - - PUNCT biht-419 56 7 based base VERB biht-419 56 8 shared share VERB biht-419 56 9 data datum NOUN biht-419 56 10 space space NOUN biht-419 56 11 utilized utilize VERB biht-419 56 12 attribute attribute NOUN biht-419 56 13 - - PUNCT biht-419 56 14 based base VERB biht-419 56 15 access access NOUN biht-419 56 16 control control NOUN biht-419 56 17 to to PART biht-419 56 18 manage manage VERB biht-419 56 19 access access NOUN biht-419 56 20 rights right NOUN biht-419 56 21 in in ADP biht-419 56 22 scientific scientific ADJ biht-419 56 23 data datum NOUN biht-419 56 24 sharing sharing NOUN biht-419 56 25 . . PUNCT biht-419 57 1 the the DET biht-419 57 2 model model NOUN biht-419 57 3 was be AUX biht-419 57 4 audit audit NOUN biht-419 57 5 - - PUNCT biht-419 57 6 friendly friendly ADJ biht-419 57 7 and and CCONJ biht-419 57 8 tamper tamper NOUN biht-419 57 9 - - PUNCT biht-419 57 10 evident evident ADJ biht-419 57 11 but but CCONJ biht-419 57 12 did do AUX biht-419 57 13 not not PART biht-419 57 14 address address VERB biht-419 57 15 the the DET biht-419 57 16 specific specific ADJ biht-419 57 17 legal legal ADJ biht-419 57 18 and and CCONJ biht-419 57 19 ethical ethical ADJ biht-419 57 20 demands demand NOUN biht-419 57 21 of of ADP biht-419 57 22 handling handle VERB biht-419 57 23 genomic genomic NOUN biht-419 57 24 data.17 data.17 NOUN biht-419 57 25 together together ADV biht-419 57 26 , , PUNCT biht-419 57 27 these these DET biht-419 57 28 works work NOUN biht-419 57 29 demonstrate demonstrate VERB biht-419 57 30 impressive impressive ADJ biht-419 57 31 progress progress NOUN biht-419 57 32 toward toward ADP biht-419 57 33 blockchain blockchain PROPN biht-419 57 34 systems system NOUN biht-419 57 35 in in ADP biht-419 57 36 healthcare healthcare NOUN biht-419 57 37 with with ADP biht-419 57 38 great great ADJ biht-419 57 39 achievement achievement NOUN biht-419 57 40 but but CCONJ biht-419 57 41 also also ADV biht-419 57 42 highlight highlight VERB biht-419 57 43 a a DET biht-419 57 44 few few ADJ biht-419 57 45 limitations limitation NOUN biht-419 57 46 — — PUNCT biht-419 57 47 for for ADP biht-419 57 48 example example NOUN biht-419 57 49 , , PUNCT biht-419 57 50 lack lack NOUN biht-419 57 51 of of ADP biht-419 57 52 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 57 53 focus focus NOUN biht-419 57 54 , , PUNCT biht-419 57 55 no no DET biht-419 57 56 inherent inherent ADJ biht-419 57 57 privacy privacy NOUN biht-419 57 58 - - PUNCT biht-419 57 59 preserving preserve VERB biht-419 57 60 mechanisms mechanism NOUN biht-419 57 61 like like ADP biht-419 57 62 zkps zkps PROPN biht-419 57 63 , , PUNCT biht-419 57 64 or or CCONJ biht-419 57 65 the the DET biht-419 57 66 need need NOUN biht-419 57 67 for for ADP biht-419 57 68 usable usable ADJ biht-419 57 69 and and CCONJ biht-419 57 70 scalable scalable ADJ biht-419 57 71 designs design NOUN biht-419 57 72 tested test VERB biht-419 57 73 using use VERB biht-419 57 74 actual actual ADJ biht-419 57 75 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 57 76 data datum NOUN biht-419 57 77 . . PUNCT biht-419 58 1 this this PRON biht-419 58 2 provokes provoke VERB biht-419 58 3 the the DET biht-419 58 4 development development NOUN biht-419 58 5 of of ADP biht-419 58 6 our our PRON biht-419 58 7 new new ADJ biht-419 58 8 system system NOUN biht-419 58 9 : : PUNCT biht-419 58 10 a a DET biht-419 58 11 blockchain blockchain NOUN biht-419 58 12 system system NOUN biht-419 58 13 complemented complement VERB biht-419 58 14 by by ADP biht-419 58 15 zkps zkps PROPN biht-419 58 16 and and CCONJ biht-419 58 17 off off ADP biht-419 58 18 - - PUNCT biht-419 58 19 chain chain NOUN biht-419 58 20 genomics genomics NOUN biht-419 58 21 data datum NOUN biht-419 58 22 storage storage NOUN biht-419 58 23 that that PRON biht-419 58 24 attempts attempt VERB biht-419 58 25 to to PART biht-419 58 26 push push VERB biht-419 58 27 past past ADP biht-419 58 28 such such ADJ biht-419 58 29 limitations limitation NOUN biht-419 58 30 using use VERB biht-419 58 31 a a DET biht-419 58 32 realistic realistic ADJ biht-419 58 33 , , PUNCT biht-419 58 34 privacy privacy NOUN biht-419 58 35 - - PUNCT biht-419 58 36 oriented orient VERB biht-419 58 37 , , PUNCT biht-419 58 38 and and CCONJ biht-419 58 39 scalable scalable ADJ biht-419 58 40 strategy strategy NOUN biht-419 58 41 . . PUNCT biht-419 59 1 abac abac ADJ biht-419 59 2 : : PUNCT biht-419 59 3 attribute attribute NOUN biht-419 59 4 - - PUNCT biht-419 59 5 based base VERB biht-419 59 6 access access NOUN biht-419 59 7 control control NOUN biht-419 59 8 ; ; PUNCT biht-419 59 9 ai ai VERB biht-419 59 10 : : PUNCT biht-419 59 11 artificial artificial ADJ biht-419 59 12 intelligence intelligence NOUN biht-419 59 13 ; ; PUNCT biht-419 59 14 cp cp PROPN biht-419 59 15 - - PUNCT biht-419 59 16 abe abe PROPN biht-419 59 17 : : PUNCT biht-419 59 18 ciphertext ciphertext ADJ biht-419 59 19 - - PUNCT biht-419 59 20 policy policy NOUN biht-419 59 21 attribute attribute NOUN biht-419 59 22 - - PUNCT biht-419 59 23 based base VERB biht-419 59 24 encryption encryption NOUN biht-419 59 25 ; ; PUNCT biht-419 59 26 db db ADJ biht-419 59 27 : : PUNCT biht-419 59 28 database database NOUN biht-419 59 29 ; ; PUNCT biht-419 59 30 de de X biht-419 59 31 - - ADJ biht-419 59 32 id id ADJ biht-419 59 33 : : PUNCT biht-419 59 34 de de NOUN biht-419 59 35 - - NOUN biht-419 59 36 identification identification NOUN biht-419 59 37 ; ; PUNCT biht-419 59 38 emrs emrs NOUN biht-419 59 39 : : PUNCT biht-419 59 40 electronic electronic ADJ biht-419 59 41 medical medical ADJ biht-419 59 42 records record NOUN biht-419 59 43 ; ; PUNCT biht-419 59 44 fl fl NUM biht-419 59 45 : : PUNCT biht-419 59 46 federated federated ADJ biht-419 59 47 learning learning NOUN biht-419 59 48 ipfs ipf NOUN biht-419 59 49 : : PUNCT biht-419 59 50 interplanetary interplanetary ADJ biht-419 59 51 file file NOUN biht-419 59 52 system system NOUN biht-419 59 53 . . PUNCT biht-419 60 1 one one NUM biht-419 60 2 of of ADP biht-419 60 3 the the DET biht-419 60 4 core core NOUN biht-419 60 5 limitations limitation NOUN biht-419 60 6 across across ADP biht-419 60 7 the the DET biht-419 60 8 discussed discuss VERB biht-419 60 9 literature literature NOUN biht-419 60 10 is be AUX biht-419 60 11 a a DET biht-419 60 12 lack lack NOUN biht-419 60 13 of of ADP biht-419 60 14 genomic genomic NOUN biht-419 60 15 - - PUNCT biht-419 60 16 specific specific ADJ biht-419 60 17 testing testing NOUN biht-419 60 18 and and CCONJ biht-419 60 19 practical practical ADJ biht-419 60 20 deployment deployment NOUN biht-419 60 21 . . PUNCT biht-419 61 1 while while SCONJ biht-419 61 2 theoretically theoretically ADV biht-419 61 3 robust robust ADJ biht-419 61 4 ones one NOUN biht-419 61 5 such such ADJ biht-419 61 6 as as ADP biht-419 61 7 amazon amazon NOUN biht-419 61 8 biobank9 biobank9 PROPN biht-419 62 1 genesy12 genesy12 PROPN biht-419 62 2 and and CCONJ biht-419 62 3 secureconsent12 secureconsent12 NOUN biht-419 62 4 are be AUX biht-419 62 5 promoting promote VERB biht-419 62 6 blockchain blockchain NOUN biht-419 62 7 - - PUNCT biht-419 62 8 influenced influence VERB biht-419 62 9 architectures architecture NOUN biht-419 62 10 for for ADP biht-419 62 11 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 62 12 data datum NOUN biht-419 62 13 table table NOUN biht-419 62 14 1 1 NUM biht-419 62 15 . . PUNCT biht-419 62 16 comparative comparative ADJ biht-419 62 17 analysis analysis NOUN biht-419 62 18 of of ADP biht-419 62 19 the the DET biht-419 62 20 present present ADJ biht-419 62 21 work work NOUN biht-419 62 22 paper paper NOUN biht-419 62 23 core core NOUN biht-419 62 24 focus focus NOUN biht-419 62 25 strengths strength NOUN biht-419 62 26 limitations limitation VERB biht-419 62 27 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 62 28 data datum NOUN biht-419 62 29 specificity specificity NOUN biht-419 62 30 amazon amazon PROPN biht-419 62 31 bio bio PROPN biht-419 62 32 bank9 bank9 PROPN biht-419 63 1 blockchain blockchain PROPN biht-419 63 2 infrastructure infrastructure PROPN biht-419 63 3 for for ADP biht-419 63 4 genomic genomic NOUN biht-419 63 5 db db PROPN biht-419 63 6 scalability scalability NOUN biht-419 63 7 ( ( PUNCT biht-419 63 8 400 400 NUM biht-419 63 9 tps tps NOUN biht-419 63 10 ) ) PUNCT biht-419 63 11 , , PUNCT biht-419 63 12 benefit benefit NOUN biht-419 63 13 - - PUNCT biht-419 63 14 sharing sharing NOUN biht-419 63 15 ignores ignore VERB biht-419 63 16 data data PROPN biht-419 63 17 privacy privacy NOUN biht-419 63 18 & & CCONJ biht-419 63 19 integrity integrity PROPN biht-419 63 20 p p PART biht-419 63 21 genomic genomic NOUN biht-419 63 22 - - PUNCT biht-419 63 23 focused focus VERB biht-419 63 24 federated federated ADJ biht-419 63 25 learning learning NOUN biht-419 63 26 in in ADP biht-419 63 27 medical medical ADJ biht-419 63 28 diagnostics10 diagnostics10 NOUN biht-419 63 29 blockchain blockchain NOUN biht-419 63 30 + + CCONJ biht-419 63 31 fl fl PROPN biht-419 63 32 for for ADP biht-419 63 33 ai ai PROPN biht-419 63 34 diagnostics diagnostic NOUN biht-419 63 35 high high ADJ biht-419 63 36 accuracy accuracy NOUN biht-419 63 37 , , PUNCT biht-419 63 38 low low ADJ biht-419 63 39 latency latency NOUN biht-419 63 40 , , PUNCT biht-419 63 41 cyber cyber NOUN biht-419 63 42 - - PUNCT biht-419 63 43 attack attack NOUN biht-419 63 44 defense defense NOUN biht-419 63 45 limited limit VERB biht-419 63 46 to to ADP biht-419 63 47 image image NOUN biht-419 63 48 data datum NOUN biht-419 63 49 , , PUNCT biht-419 63 50 not not PART biht-419 63 51 genomics genomics NOUN biht-419 63 52 ï ï NOUN biht-419 63 53 not not PART biht-419 63 54 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 63 55 secure secure ADJ biht-419 63 56 consent11 consent11 NOUN biht-419 63 57 consent consent NOUN biht-419 63 58 management management NOUN biht-419 63 59 on on ADP biht-419 63 60 blockchain blockchain PROPN biht-419 63 61 dynamic dynamic ADJ biht-419 63 62 , , PUNCT biht-419 63 63 real real ADJ biht-419 63 64 - - PUNCT biht-419 63 65 time time NOUN biht-419 63 66 consent consent NOUN biht-419 63 67 high high ADJ biht-419 63 68 user user NOUN biht-419 63 69 interaction interaction NOUN biht-419 63 70 overhead overhead ADV biht-419 64 1 p p PRON biht-419 64 2 genomic genomic NOUN biht-419 64 3 - - PUNCT biht-419 64 4 focused focus VERB biht-419 64 5 gene gene NOUN biht-419 64 6 data datum NOUN biht-419 64 7 management management NOUN biht-419 64 8 de de PROPN biht-419 64 9 - - PROPN biht-419 64 10 id18 id18 ADJ biht-419 64 11 de de NOUN biht-419 64 12 - - NOUN biht-419 64 13 id id VERB biht-419 64 14 + + CCONJ biht-419 64 15 blockchain blockchain PROPN biht-419 64 16 smart smart ADJ biht-419 64 17 contracts contract NOUN biht-419 64 18 data datum NOUN biht-419 64 19 traceability traceability NOUN biht-419 64 20 , , PUNCT biht-419 64 21 privacy privacy NOUN biht-419 64 22 not not PART biht-419 64 23 validated validate VERB biht-419 64 24 / / SYM biht-419 64 25 tested test VERB biht-419 64 26 p p NOUN biht-419 64 27 genomic genomic NOUN biht-419 64 28 - - PUNCT biht-419 64 29 focused focus VERB biht-419 64 30 genesy genesy ADJ biht-419 64 31 model12 model12 NOUN biht-419 64 32 hybrid hybrid NOUN biht-419 64 33 blockchain blockchain NOUN biht-419 64 34 for for ADP biht-419 64 35 fair fair ADJ biht-419 64 36 data datum NOUN biht-419 64 37 use use VERB biht-419 64 38 ownership ownership NOUN biht-419 64 39 & & CCONJ biht-419 64 40 control control PROPN biht-419 64 41 , , PUNCT biht-419 64 42 privacy privacy NOUN biht-419 64 43 no no DET biht-419 64 44 operational operational ADJ biht-419 64 45 testing testing NOUN biht-419 64 46 p p NOUN biht-419 64 47 genomic genomic NOUN biht-419 64 48 - - PUNCT biht-419 64 49 focused focus VERB biht-419 64 50 telemedicine telemedicine NOUN biht-419 64 51 platform13 platform13 NOUN biht-419 64 52 blockchain blockchain PROPN biht-419 64 53 + + PROPN biht-419 64 54 ipfs ipf NOUN biht-419 64 55 for for ADP biht-419 64 56 remote remote ADJ biht-419 64 57 care care NOUN biht-419 64 58 fault fault NOUN biht-419 64 59 tolerance tolerance NOUN biht-419 64 60 , , PUNCT biht-419 64 61 low low ADJ biht-419 64 62 latency latency NOUN biht-419 64 63 high high ADJ biht-419 64 64 complexity complexity NOUN biht-419 64 65 , , PUNCT biht-419 64 66 no no DET biht-419 64 67 dataset dataset NOUN biht-419 64 68 ï ï NOUN biht-419 64 69 not not PART biht-419 64 70 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 64 71 decentralized decentralize VERB biht-419 64 72 consent consent NOUN biht-419 64 73 model14 model14 NOUN biht-419 64 74 consent consent NOUN biht-419 64 75 system system NOUN biht-419 64 76 w/ w/ NOUN biht-419 64 77 hybrid hybrid ADJ biht-419 64 78 crypto crypto NOUN biht-419 64 79 dynamic dynamic PROPN biht-419 64 80 & & CCONJ biht-419 64 81 privacy privacy NOUN biht-419 64 82 - - PUNCT biht-419 64 83 compliant compliant NOUN biht-419 64 84 no no DET biht-419 64 85 ai ai NOUN biht-419 64 86 or or CCONJ biht-419 64 87 analytics analytic NOUN biht-419 64 88 capability capability NOUN biht-419 64 89 p p X biht-419 64 90 genomic genomic NOUN biht-419 64 91 - - PUNCT biht-419 64 92 focused focus VERB biht-419 64 93 fl fl NOUN biht-419 64 94 + + CCONJ biht-419 64 95 blockchain blockchain PROPN biht-419 64 96 in in ADP biht-419 64 97 healthcare19 healthcare19 ADJ biht-419 64 98 secure secure ADJ biht-419 64 99 decentralized decentralized ADJ biht-419 64 100 learning learn VERB biht-419 64 101 preserves preserve VERB biht-419 64 102 privacy privacy NOUN biht-419 64 103 , , PUNCT biht-419 64 104 collaborative collaborative ADJ biht-419 64 105 not not PART biht-419 64 106 tailored tailor VERB biht-419 64 107 to to ADP biht-419 64 108 genomics genomics NOUN biht-419 64 109 ï ï NOUN biht-419 64 110 not not PART biht-419 64 111 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 64 112 cp cp PROPN biht-419 64 113 - - PUNCT biht-419 64 114 abe abe PROPN biht-419 64 115 for for ADP biht-419 64 116 emrs16 emrs16 PROPN biht-419 64 117 searchable searchable ADJ biht-419 64 118 encrypted encrypt VERB biht-419 64 119 medical medical ADJ biht-419 64 120 data datum NOUN biht-419 64 121 fine fine ADV biht-419 64 122 - - PUNCT biht-419 64 123 grained grain VERB biht-419 64 124 access access NOUN biht-419 64 125 , , PUNCT biht-419 64 126 searchable searchable ADJ biht-419 64 127 encryption encryption NOUN biht-419 64 128 genomic genomic NOUN biht-419 64 129 adaptation adaptation NOUN biht-419 64 130 needed need VERB biht-419 64 131 ï ï NOUN biht-419 64 132 not not PART biht-419 64 133 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 64 134 research research NOUN biht-419 64 135 data datum NOUN biht-419 64 136 sharing17 sharing17 NOUN biht-419 64 137 abac abac PROPN biht-419 64 138 - - PUNCT biht-419 64 139 based base VERB biht-419 64 140 blockchain blockchain NOUN biht-419 64 141 system system NOUN biht-419 64 142 tamper tamper ADV biht-419 64 143 - - PUNCT biht-419 64 144 evident evident ADJ biht-419 64 145 , , PUNCT biht-419 64 146 reproducible reproducible VERB biht-419 64 147 not not PART biht-419 64 148 tailored tailor VERB biht-419 64 149 to to ADP biht-419 64 150 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 64 151 compliance compliance NOUN biht-419 64 152 ï ï NOUN biht-419 64 153 not not PART biht-419 64 154 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 64 155 https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v8.419 https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v8.419 ADJ biht-419 64 156 citation citation NOUN biht-419 64 157 : : PUNCT biht-419 65 1 blockchain blockchain NOUN biht-419 65 2 in in ADP biht-419 65 3 healthcare healthcare NOUN biht-419 65 4 today today NOUN biht-419 65 5 2025 2025 NUM biht-419 65 6 , , PUNCT biht-419 65 7 8 8 NUM biht-419 65 8 : : SYM biht-419 65 9 419 419 NUM biht-419 65 10 https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v8.4194 https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v8.4194 NOUN biht-419 65 11 ( ( PUNCT biht-419 65 12 page page NOUN biht-419 65 13 number number NOUN biht-419 65 14 not not PART biht-419 65 15 for for ADP biht-419 65 16 citation citation NOUN biht-419 65 17 purpose purpose NOUN biht-419 65 18 ) ) PUNCT biht-419 66 1 nandini nandini PROPN biht-419 66 2 k k PROPN biht-419 66 3 et et PROPN biht-419 66 4 al al PROPN biht-419 66 5 . . PUNCT biht-419 66 6 sharing sharing NOUN biht-419 66 7 , , PUNCT biht-419 66 8 they they PRON biht-419 66 9 are be AUX biht-419 66 10 yet yet ADV biht-419 66 11 to to PART biht-419 66 12 be be AUX biht-419 66 13 validated validate VERB biht-419 66 14 in in ADP biht-419 66 15 practice practice NOUN biht-419 66 16 - - PUNCT biht-419 66 17 based base VERB biht-419 66 18 health health NOUN biht-419 66 19 care care NOUN biht-419 66 20 settings setting NOUN biht-419 66 21 and and CCONJ biht-419 66 22 lack lack NOUN biht-419 66 23 firm firm ADJ biht-419 66 24 deployment deployment NOUN biht-419 66 25 rates rate NOUN biht-419 66 26 . . PUNCT biht-419 67 1 substitutes substitute NOUN biht-419 67 2 such such ADJ biht-419 67 3 as as ADP biht-419 67 4 the the DET biht-419 67 5 blockchain blockchain NOUN biht-419 67 6 - - PUNCT biht-419 67 7 based base VERB biht-419 67 8 solution solution NOUN biht-419 67 9 with with ADP biht-419 67 10 the the DET biht-419 67 11 de de ADJ biht-419 67 12 - - ADJ biht-419 67 13 identifying identifying ADJ biht-419 67 14 scheme scheme NOUN biht-419 67 15 and and CCONJ biht-419 67 16 genesy genesy ADJ biht-419 67 17 are be AUX biht-419 67 18 best good ADJ biht-419 67 19 pilot pilot NOUN biht-419 67 20 - - PUNCT biht-419 67 21 ready ready ADJ biht-419 67 22 or or CCONJ biht-419 67 23 theoretical theoretical ADJ biht-419 67 24 , , PUNCT biht-419 67 25 and and CCONJ biht-419 67 26 interoperability interoperability NOUN biht-419 67 27 , , PUNCT biht-419 67 28 scalability scalability NOUN biht-419 67 29 , , PUNCT biht-419 67 30 and and CCONJ biht-419 67 31 suitability suitability NOUN biht-419 67 32 to to PART biht-419 67 33 be be AUX biht-419 67 34 deployed deploy VERB biht-419 67 35 on on ADP biht-419 67 36 top top NOUN biht-419 67 37 of of ADP biht-419 67 38 current current ADJ biht-419 67 39 clinical clinical ADJ biht-419 67 40 workflows workflow NOUN biht-419 67 41 are be AUX biht-419 67 42 questionable questionable ADJ biht-419 67 43 . . PUNCT biht-419 68 1 also also ADV biht-419 68 2 , , PUNCT biht-419 68 3 performance performance NOUN biht-419 68 4 metrics metric NOUN biht-419 68 5 — — PUNCT biht-419 68 6 where where SCONJ biht-419 68 7 known know VERB biht-419 68 8 — — PUNCT biht-419 68 9 are be AUX biht-419 68 10 largely largely ADV biht-419 68 11 confined confine VERB biht-419 68 12 to to ADP biht-419 68 13 non non ADJ biht-419 68 14 - - ADJ biht-419 68 15 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 68 16 uses use NOUN biht-419 68 17 like like ADP biht-419 68 18 medical medical ADJ biht-419 68 19 imaging imaging NOUN biht-419 68 20 and and CCONJ biht-419 68 21 have have VERB biht-419 68 22 little little ADJ biht-419 68 23 bearing bearing NOUN biht-419 68 24 on on ADP biht-419 68 25 genomics genomic NOUN biht-419 68 26 and and CCONJ biht-419 68 27 precision precision NOUN biht-419 68 28 medicine medicine NOUN biht-419 68 29 . . PUNCT biht-419 69 1 security security NOUN biht-419 69 2 versus versus ADP biht-419 69 3 usability usability NOUN biht-419 69 4 is be AUX biht-419 69 5 a a DET biht-419 69 6 refrain refrain NOUN biht-419 69 7 that that SCONJ biht-419 69 8 still still ADV biht-419 69 9 holds hold VERB biht-419 69 10 . . PUNCT biht-419 70 1 secure secure ADJ biht-419 70 2 consent consent NOUN biht-419 70 3 , , PUNCT biht-419 70 4 for for ADP biht-419 70 5 instance instance NOUN biht-419 70 6 , , PUNCT biht-419 70 7 offers offer VERB biht-419 70 8 high high ADJ biht-419 70 9 - - PUNCT biht-419 70 10 fidelity fidelity NOUN biht-419 70 11 , , PUNCT biht-419 70 12 dynamic dynamic ADJ biht-419 70 13 control control NOUN biht-419 70 14 at at ADP biht-419 70 15 the the DET biht-419 70 16 cost cost NOUN biht-419 70 17 of of ADP biht-419 70 18 enormously enormously ADV biht-419 70 19 high high ADJ biht-419 70 20 user user NOUN biht-419 70 21 interaction interaction NOUN biht-419 70 22 overhead overhead ADV biht-419 70 23 , , PUNCT biht-419 70 24 potentially potentially ADV biht-419 70 25 rendering render VERB biht-419 70 26 it it PRON biht-419 70 27 not not PART biht-419 70 28 admissible admissible ADJ biht-419 70 29 to to ADP biht-419 70 30 large large ADJ biht-419 70 31 populations population NOUN biht-419 70 32 or or CCONJ biht-419 70 33 low low ADJ biht-419 70 34 - - PUNCT biht-419 70 35 tech tech NOUN biht-419 70 36 environments environment NOUN biht-419 70 37 . . PUNCT biht-419 71 1 in in ADP biht-419 71 2 addition addition NOUN biht-419 71 3 , , PUNCT biht-419 71 4 these these PRON biht-419 71 5 are be AUX biht-419 71 6 largely largely ADV biht-419 71 7 directed direct VERB biht-419 71 8 towards towards ADP biht-419 71 9 general general ADJ biht-419 71 10 health health NOUN biht-419 71 11 information information NOUN biht-419 71 12 and and CCONJ biht-419 71 13 not not PART biht-419 71 14 towards towards ADP biht-419 71 15 the the DET biht-419 71 16 privacy privacy NOUN biht-419 71 17 , , PUNCT biht-419 71 18 ethics ethic NOUN biht-419 71 19 , , PUNCT biht-419 71 20 and and CCONJ biht-419 71 21 regulatory regulatory ADJ biht-419 71 22 idiosyncrasies idiosyncrasy NOUN biht-419 71 23 of of ADP biht-419 71 24 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 71 25 data datum NOUN biht-419 71 26 . . PUNCT biht-419 72 1 most most ADJ biht-419 72 2 of of ADP biht-419 72 3 the the DET biht-419 72 4 proposed propose VERB biht-419 72 5 models model NOUN biht-419 72 6 lack lack VERB biht-419 72 7 ai ai VERB biht-419 72 8 or or CCONJ biht-419 72 9 machine machine NOUN biht-419 72 10 learning learn VERB biht-419 72 11 components component NOUN biht-419 72 12 , , PUNCT biht-419 72 13 which which PRON biht-419 72 14 are be AUX biht-419 72 15 becoming become VERB biht-419 72 16 increasingly increasingly ADV biht-419 72 17 important important ADJ biht-419 72 18 in in ADP biht-419 72 19 predictive predictive ADJ biht-419 72 20 analytics analytic NOUN biht-419 72 21 and and CCONJ biht-419 72 22 data datum NOUN biht-419 72 23 - - PUNCT biht-419 72 24 driven drive VERB biht-419 72 25 discovery discovery NOUN biht-419 72 26 across across ADP biht-419 72 27 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 72 28 studies study NOUN biht-419 72 29 . . PUNCT biht-419 73 1 this this PRON biht-419 73 2 puts put VERB biht-419 73 3 their their PRON biht-419 73 4 capability capability NOUN biht-419 73 5 to to PART biht-419 73 6 support support VERB biht-419 73 7 future future ADJ biht-419 73 8 next next ADJ biht-419 73 9 - - PUNCT biht-419 73 10 generation generation NOUN biht-419 73 11 ai ai NOUN biht-419 73 12 - - PUNCT biht-419 73 13 based base VERB biht-419 73 14 genomic genomic NOUN biht-419 73 15 diagnostics diagnostic NOUN biht-419 73 16 and and CCONJ biht-419 73 17 research research NOUN biht-419 73 18 at at ADP biht-419 73 19 a a DET biht-419 73 20 disadvantage disadvantage NOUN biht-419 73 21 . . PUNCT biht-419 74 1 in in ADP biht-419 74 2 contrast contrast NOUN biht-419 74 3 , , PUNCT biht-419 74 4 our our PRON biht-419 74 5 proposed propose VERB biht-419 74 6 architecture architecture NOUN biht-419 74 7 addresses address NOUN biht-419 74 8 only only ADV biht-419 74 9 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 74 10 data datum NOUN biht-419 74 11 sharing sharing NOUN biht-419 74 12 . . PUNCT biht-419 75 1 in in ADP biht-419 75 2 doing do VERB biht-419 75 3 so so ADV biht-419 75 4 , , PUNCT biht-419 75 5 it it PRON biht-419 75 6 incorporates incorporate VERB biht-419 75 7 blockchain blockchain PROPN biht-419 75 8 , , PUNCT biht-419 75 9 zkps zkps PROPN biht-419 75 10 , , PUNCT biht-419 75 11 ipfs ipf NOUN biht-419 75 12 - - PUNCT biht-419 75 13 based base VERB biht-419 75 14 off off ADP biht-419 75 15 - - PUNCT biht-419 75 16 chain chain NOUN biht-419 75 17 storage storage NOUN biht-419 75 18 , , PUNCT biht-419 75 19 and and CCONJ biht-419 75 20 rule rule NOUN biht-419 75 21 - - PUNCT biht-419 75 22 based base VERB biht-419 75 23 smart smart ADJ biht-419 75 24 contract contract NOUN biht-419 75 25 management management NOUN biht-419 75 26 . . PUNCT biht-419 76 1 while while SCONJ biht-419 76 2 this this DET biht-419 76 3 architecture architecture NOUN biht-419 76 4 directly directly ADV biht-419 76 5 addresses address VERB biht-419 76 6 privacy privacy NOUN biht-419 76 7 , , PUNCT biht-419 76 8 verifiability verifiability NOUN biht-419 76 9 , , PUNCT biht-419 76 10 and and CCONJ biht-419 76 11 control control NOUN biht-419 76 12 of of ADP biht-419 76 13 data datum NOUN biht-419 76 14 specifically specifically ADV biht-419 76 15 , , PUNCT biht-419 76 16 it it PRON biht-419 76 17 does do AUX biht-419 76 18 not not PART biht-419 76 19 yet yet ADV biht-419 76 20 incorporate incorporate VERB biht-419 76 21 ai/ ai/ ADJ biht-419 76 22 ml ml NOUN biht-419 76 23 ( ( PUNCT biht-419 76 24 machine machine NOUN biht-419 76 25 learning learning NOUN biht-419 76 26 ) ) PUNCT biht-419 76 27 analytics analytic NOUN biht-419 76 28 , , PUNCT biht-419 76 29 nor nor CCONJ biht-419 76 30 has have AUX biht-419 76 31 it it PRON biht-419 76 32 been be AUX biht-419 76 33 tested test VERB biht-419 76 34 through through ADP biht-419 76 35 a a DET biht-419 76 36 deployed deploy VERB biht-419 76 37 prototype prototype NOUN biht-419 76 38 or or CCONJ biht-419 76 39 large large ADJ biht-419 76 40 - - PUNCT biht-419 76 41 scale scale NOUN biht-419 76 42 simulated simulated ADJ biht-419 76 43 environment environment NOUN biht-419 76 44 . . PUNCT biht-419 77 1 these these DET biht-419 77 2 features feature NOUN biht-419 77 3 are be AUX biht-419 77 4 identified identify VERB biht-419 77 5 as as ADP biht-419 77 6 future future ADJ biht-419 77 7 work work NOUN biht-419 77 8 constraints constraint NOUN biht-419 77 9 and and CCONJ biht-419 77 10 are be AUX biht-419 77 11 left leave VERB biht-419 77 12 on on ADP biht-419 77 13 hold hold NOUN biht-419 77 14 awaiting await VERB biht-419 77 15 further further ADJ biht-419 77 16 development development NOUN biht-419 77 17 . . PUNCT biht-419 78 1 the the DET biht-419 78 2 system system NOUN biht-419 78 3 ’s ’s PART biht-419 78 4 current current ADJ biht-419 78 5 evaluation evaluation NOUN biht-419 78 6 is be AUX biht-419 78 7 based base VERB biht-419 78 8 on on ADP biht-419 78 9 architectural architectural ADJ biht-419 78 10 analysis analysis NOUN biht-419 78 11 and and CCONJ biht-419 78 12 theoretical theoretical ADJ biht-419 78 13 performance performance NOUN biht-419 78 14 estimates estimate NOUN biht-419 78 15 according accord VERB biht-419 78 16 to to ADP biht-419 78 17 current current ADJ biht-419 78 18 cryptographic cryptographic ADJ biht-419 78 19 protocols protocol NOUN biht-419 78 20 and and CCONJ biht-419 78 21 blockchain blockchain PROPN biht-419 78 22 operation operation PROPN biht-419 78 23 . . PUNCT biht-419 79 1 thus thus ADV biht-419 79 2 , , PUNCT biht-419 79 3 this this DET biht-419 79 4 book book NOUN biht-419 79 5 presents present VERB biht-419 79 6 an an DET biht-419 79 7 implementation implementation NOUN biht-419 79 8 model model NOUN biht-419 79 9 for for ADP biht-419 79 10 the the DET biht-419 79 11 future future NOUN biht-419 79 12 with with ADP biht-419 79 13 a a DET biht-419 79 14 modular modular ADJ biht-419 79 15 extensibility extensibility NOUN biht-419 79 16 approach approach NOUN biht-419 79 17 and and CCONJ biht-419 79 18 compliance compliance NOUN biht-419 79 19 with with ADP biht-419 79 20 standards standard NOUN biht-419 79 21 for for ADP biht-419 79 22 safeguarding safeguard VERB biht-419 79 23 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 79 24 information information NOUN biht-419 79 25 . . PUNCT biht-419 80 1 zero zero NUM biht-419 80 2 - - PUNCT biht-419 80 3 knowledge knowledge NOUN biht-419 80 4 proofs proof NOUN biht-419 80 5 on on ADP biht-419 80 6 blockchain blockchain PROPN biht-419 80 7 network network PROPN biht-419 80 8 the the DET biht-419 80 9 method method NOUN biht-419 80 10 proposed propose VERB biht-419 80 11 here here ADV biht-419 80 12 is be AUX biht-419 80 13 the the DET biht-419 80 14 combination combination NOUN biht-419 80 15 of of ADP biht-419 80 16 three three NUM biht-419 80 17 advanced advanced ADJ biht-419 80 18 cryptography cryptography NOUN biht-419 80 19 systems system NOUN biht-419 80 20 , , PUNCT biht-419 80 21 such such ADJ biht-419 80 22 as as ADP biht-419 80 23 blockchain blockchain NOUN biht-419 80 24 , , PUNCT biht-419 80 25 smart smart ADJ biht-419 80 26 contracts contract NOUN biht-419 80 27 , , PUNCT biht-419 80 28 and and CCONJ biht-419 80 29 zkp zkp NOUN biht-419 80 30 to to PART biht-419 80 31 guarantee guarantee VERB biht-419 80 32 secure secure ADJ biht-419 80 33 , , PUNCT biht-419 80 34 privacy privacy NOUN biht-419 80 35 - - PUNCT biht-419 80 36 enabling enable VERB biht-419 80 37 , , PUNCT biht-419 80 38 and and CCONJ biht-419 80 39 transparent transparent ADJ biht-419 80 40 coexistence coexistence NOUN biht-419 80 41 in in ADP biht-419 80 42 the the DET biht-419 80 43 governance governance NOUN biht-419 80 44 of of ADP biht-419 80 45 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 80 46 data datum NOUN biht-419 80 47 . . PUNCT biht-419 81 1 in in ADP biht-419 81 2 this this DET biht-419 81 3 mechanism mechanism NOUN biht-419 81 4 operation operation NOUN biht-419 81 5 section section NOUN biht-419 81 6 , , PUNCT biht-419 81 7 implementation implementation NOUN biht-419 81 8 logic logic NOUN biht-419 81 9 and and CCONJ biht-419 81 10 the the DET biht-419 81 11 mathematical mathematical ADJ biht-419 81 12 models model NOUN biht-419 81 13 that that PRON biht-419 81 14 enable enable VERB biht-419 81 15 security security NOUN biht-419 81 16 , , PUNCT biht-419 81 17 data datum NOUN biht-419 81 18 integrity integrity NOUN biht-419 81 19 , , PUNCT biht-419 81 20 and and CCONJ biht-419 81 21 performance performance NOUN biht-419 81 22 enhancement enhancement NOUN biht-419 81 23 for for ADP biht-419 81 24 each each DET biht-419 81 25 process process NOUN biht-419 81 26 are be AUX biht-419 81 27 discussed discuss VERB biht-419 81 28 . . PUNCT biht-419 82 1 this this DET biht-419 82 2 research research NOUN biht-419 82 3 proposes propose VERB biht-419 82 4 a a DET biht-419 82 5 synergistic synergistic ADJ biht-419 82 6 integration integration NOUN biht-419 82 7 of of ADP biht-419 82 8 blockchain blockchain PROPN biht-419 82 9 , , PUNCT biht-419 82 10 smart smart ADJ biht-419 82 11 contracts contract NOUN biht-419 82 12 , , PUNCT biht-419 82 13 elliptic elliptic ADJ biht-419 82 14 curve curve NOUN biht-419 82 15 cryptography cryptography NOUN biht-419 82 16 ( ( PUNCT biht-419 82 17 ecc ecc PROPN biht-419 82 18 ) ) PUNCT biht-419 82 19 , , PUNCT biht-419 82 20 and and CCONJ biht-419 82 21 zkps zkps NOUN biht-419 82 22 in in ADP biht-419 82 23 order order NOUN biht-419 82 24 to to PART biht-419 82 25 establish establish VERB biht-419 82 26 an an DET biht-419 82 27 open open ADJ biht-419 82 28 , , PUNCT biht-419 82 29 privacy privacy NOUN biht-419 82 30 - - PUNCT biht-419 82 31 assured assure VERB biht-419 82 32 infrastructure infrastructure NOUN biht-419 82 33 for for ADP biht-419 82 34 genomics genomics NOUN biht-419 82 35 data datum NOUN biht-419 82 36 sharing sharing NOUN biht-419 82 37 . . PUNCT biht-419 83 1 though though SCONJ biht-419 83 2 the the DET biht-419 83 3 existing exist VERB biht-419 83 4 models model NOUN biht-419 83 5 with with ADP biht-419 83 6 zkps zkps PROPN biht-419 83 7 alone alone ADV biht-419 83 8 , , PUNCT biht-419 83 9 smart smart ADJ biht-419 83 10 contracts contract NOUN biht-419 83 11 alone alone ADV biht-419 83 12 , , PUNCT biht-419 83 13 or or CCONJ biht-419 83 14 ecc ecc PROPN biht-419 83 15 alone alone ADV biht-419 83 16 meet meet VERB biht-419 83 17 independent independent ADJ biht-419 83 18 security security NOUN biht-419 83 19 needs need NOUN biht-419 83 20 , , PUNCT biht-419 83 21 they they PRON biht-419 83 22 do do AUX biht-419 83 23 not not PART biht-419 83 24 suffer suffer VERB biht-419 83 25 from from ADP biht-419 83 26 a a DET biht-419 83 27 lack lack NOUN biht-419 83 28 of of ADP biht-419 83 29 transparency transparency NOUN biht-419 83 30 , , PUNCT biht-419 83 31 scalability scalability NOUN biht-419 83 32 , , PUNCT biht-419 83 33 and and CCONJ biht-419 83 34 user user NOUN biht-419 83 35 - - PUNCT biht-419 83 36 level level NOUN biht-419 83 37 privacy privacy NOUN biht-419 83 38 at at ADP biht-419 83 39 the the DET biht-419 83 40 same same ADJ biht-419 83 41 time time NOUN biht-419 83 42 . . PUNCT biht-419 84 1 our our PRON biht-419 84 2 solution solution NOUN biht-419 84 3 allows allow VERB biht-419 84 4 information information NOUN biht-419 84 5 access access NOUN biht-419 84 6 to to PART biht-419 84 7 be be AUX biht-419 84 8 secure secure ADJ biht-419 84 9 via via ADP biht-419 84 10 cryptographic cryptographic ADJ biht-419 84 11 proof proof NOUN biht-419 84 12 without without ADP biht-419 84 13 violating violate VERB biht-419 84 14 any any DET biht-419 84 15 confidentiality confidentiality NOUN biht-419 84 16 of of ADP biht-419 84 17 underlying underlie VERB biht-419 84 18 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 84 19 data datum NOUN biht-419 84 20 ; ; PUNCT biht-419 84 21 blockchain blockchain NOUN biht-419 84 22 provides provide VERB biht-419 84 23 auditability auditability NOUN biht-419 84 24 with with ADP biht-419 84 25 tamper tamper ADJ biht-419 84 26 evidence evidence NOUN biht-419 84 27 and and CCONJ biht-419 84 28 fine fine ADV biht-419 84 29 - - PUNCT biht-419 84 30 grained grain VERB biht-419 84 31 access access NOUN biht-419 84 32 control control NOUN biht-419 84 33 with with ADP biht-419 84 34 smart smart ADJ biht-419 84 35 contracts contract NOUN biht-419 84 36 . . PUNCT biht-419 85 1 off off ADP biht-419 85 2 - - PUNCT biht-419 85 3 chain chain NOUN biht-419 85 4 storage storage NOUN biht-419 85 5 using use VERB biht-419 85 6 ipfs ipf NOUN biht-419 85 7 addresses address NOUN biht-419 85 8 the the DET biht-419 85 9 problem problem NOUN biht-419 85 10 of of ADP biht-419 85 11 scalability scalability NOUN biht-419 85 12 and and CCONJ biht-419 85 13 provides provide VERB biht-419 85 14 lightweight lightweight ADJ biht-419 85 15 encryption encryption NOUN biht-419 85 16 using use VERB biht-419 85 17 ecc ecc PROPN biht-419 85 18 . . PUNCT biht-419 86 1 all all DET biht-419 86 2 these these PRON biht-419 86 3 put put VERB biht-419 86 4 together together ADV biht-419 86 5 address address VERB biht-419 86 6 the the DET biht-419 86 7 void void NOUN biht-419 86 8 of of ADP biht-419 86 9 privacy privacy NOUN biht-419 86 10 - - PUNCT biht-419 86 11 trust trust NOUN biht-419 86 12 — — PUNCT biht-419 86 13 bringing bring VERB biht-419 86 14 it it PRON biht-419 86 15 to to PART biht-419 86 16 be be AUX biht-419 86 17 deployable deployable ADJ biht-419 86 18 on on ADP biht-419 86 19 real real ADJ biht-419 86 20 - - PUNCT biht-419 86 21 world world NOUN biht-419 86 22 applications application NOUN biht-419 86 23 in in ADP biht-419 86 24 healthcare healthcare NOUN biht-419 86 25 and and CCONJ biht-419 86 26 biomedical biomedical ADJ biht-419 86 27 research research NOUN biht-419 86 28 where where SCONJ biht-419 86 29 anonymity anonymity NOUN biht-419 86 30 of of ADP biht-419 86 31 patients patient NOUN biht-419 86 32 , , PUNCT biht-419 86 33 verifiability verifiability NOUN biht-419 86 34 , , PUNCT biht-419 86 35 and and CCONJ biht-419 86 36 regulation regulation NOUN biht-419 86 37 compliance compliance NOUN biht-419 86 38 must must AUX biht-419 86 39 be be AUX biht-419 86 40 assured assure VERB biht-419 86 41 . . PUNCT biht-419 87 1 the the DET biht-419 87 2 zkps zkps PROPN biht-419 87 3 address address NOUN biht-419 87 4 any any DET biht-419 87 5 other other ADJ biht-419 87 6 solution solution NOUN biht-419 87 7 proposed propose VERB biht-419 87 8 for for ADP biht-419 87 9 maintaining maintain VERB biht-419 87 10 data datum NOUN biht-419 87 11 confidential confidential ADJ biht-419 87 12 in in ADP biht-419 87 13 its its PRON biht-419 87 14 entirety entirety NOUN biht-419 87 15 by by ADP biht-419 87 16 utilizing utilize VERB biht-419 87 17 verification verification NOUN biht-419 87 18 procedures procedure NOUN biht-419 87 19 . . PUNCT biht-419 88 1 in in ADP biht-419 88 2 contrast contrast NOUN biht-419 88 3 to to ADP biht-419 88 4 federated federated ADJ biht-419 88 5 learning learning NOUN biht-419 88 6 that that PRON biht-419 88 7 remains remain VERB biht-419 88 8 model model NOUN biht-419 88 9 training training NOUN biht-419 88 10 on on ADP biht-419 88 11 local local ADJ biht-419 88 12 data datum NOUN biht-419 88 13 or or CCONJ biht-419 88 14 pre pre ADJ biht-419 88 15 - - ADJ biht-419 88 16 searchable searchable ADJ biht-419 88 17 encryptions encryption NOUN biht-419 88 18 whose whose DET biht-419 88 19 patterns pattern NOUN biht-419 88 20 are be AUX biht-419 88 21 bound bind VERB biht-419 88 22 to to PART biht-419 88 23 leak leak VERB biht-419 88 24 during during ADP biht-419 88 25 search search NOUN biht-419 88 26 , , PUNCT biht-419 88 27 zkps zkps PROPN biht-419 88 28 are be AUX biht-419 88 29 beneficial beneficial ADJ biht-419 88 30 as as SCONJ biht-419 88 31 they they PRON biht-419 88 32 can can AUX biht-419 88 33 prove prove VERB biht-419 88 34 data datum NOUN biht-419 88 35 ownership ownership NOUN biht-419 88 36 without without ADP biht-419 88 37 revealing reveal VERB biht-419 88 38 even even ADV biht-419 88 39 half half NOUN biht-419 88 40 of of ADP biht-419 88 41 the the DET biht-419 88 42 data datum NOUN biht-419 88 43 . . PUNCT biht-419 89 1 figure figure NOUN biht-419 89 2 1 1 NUM biht-419 89 3 is be AUX biht-419 89 4 a a DET biht-419 89 5 step step NOUN biht-419 89 6 - - PUNCT biht-419 89 7 by by ADP biht-419 89 8 - - PUNCT biht-419 89 9 step step NOUN biht-419 89 10 procedure procedure NOUN biht-419 89 11 of of ADP biht-419 89 12 a a DET biht-419 89 13 secure secure ADJ biht-419 89 14 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 89 15 data data NOUN biht-419 89 16 - - PUNCT biht-419 89 17 sharing share VERB biht-419 89 18 blockchain blockchain NOUN biht-419 89 19 system system NOUN biht-419 89 20 that that PRON biht-419 89 21 utilizes utilize VERB biht-419 89 22 zkps zkps NOUN biht-419 89 23 and and CCONJ biht-419 89 24 smart smart ADJ biht-419 89 25 contracts contract NOUN biht-419 89 26 to to PART biht-419 89 27 ensure ensure VERB biht-419 89 28 data datum NOUN biht-419 89 29 integrity integrity NOUN biht-419 89 30 and and CCONJ biht-419 89 31 privacy privacy NOUN biht-419 89 32 . . PUNCT biht-419 90 1 the the DET biht-419 90 2 procedure procedure NOUN biht-419 90 3 begins begin VERB biht-419 90 4     SPACE biht-419 90 5 once once SCONJ biht-419 90 6 we we PRON biht-419 90 7 receive receive VERB biht-419 90 8 input input NOUN biht-419 90 9 of of ADP biht-419 90 10 the the DET biht-419 90 11 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 90 12 data datum NOUN biht-419 90 13 , , PUNCT biht-419 90 14 using use VERB biht-419 90 15 the the DET biht-419 90 16 sha-256 sha-256 PROPN biht-419 90 17 hashing hash VERB biht-419 90 18 algorithm algorithm NOUN biht-419 90 19 it it PRON biht-419 90 20 is be AUX biht-419 90 21 immediately immediately ADV biht-419 90 22 converted convert VERB biht-419 90 23 into into ADP biht-419 90 24 a a DET biht-419 90 25 secure secure NOUN biht-419 90 26 and and CCONJ biht-419 90 27 an an DET biht-419 90 28 irreversible irreversible ADJ biht-419 90 29 fixed fix VERB biht-419 90 30 format format NOUN biht-419 90 31 . . PUNCT biht-419 91 1 instead instead ADV biht-419 91 2 of of ADP biht-419 91 3 storing store VERB biht-419 91 4 the the DET biht-419 91 5 real real ADJ biht-419 91 6 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 91 7 data datum NOUN biht-419 91 8 on on ADP biht-419 91 9 the the DET biht-419 91 10 blockchain blockchain PROPN biht-419 91 11 network network NOUN biht-419 91 12 , , PUNCT biht-419 91 13 only only ADV biht-419 91 14 the the DET biht-419 91 15 generated generate VERB biht-419 91 16 hash hash NOUN biht-419 91 17 can can AUX biht-419 91 18 be be AUX biht-419 91 19 recorded record VERB biht-419 91 20 on on ADP biht-419 91 21 the the DET biht-419 91 22 blockchain blockchain NOUN biht-419 91 23 . . PUNCT biht-419 92 1 this this PRON biht-419 92 2 ensures ensure VERB biht-419 92 3 that that SCONJ biht-419 92 4 the the DET biht-419 92 5 original original ADJ biht-419 92 6 data datum NOUN biht-419 92 7 remain remain VERB biht-419 92 8 private private ADJ biht-419 92 9 and and CCONJ biht-419 92 10 tamper tamper NOUN biht-419 92 11 - - NOUN biht-419 92 12 proof proof ADJ biht-419 92 13 , , PUNCT biht-419 92 14 recorded record VERB biht-419 92 15 on on ADP biht-419 92 16 the the DET biht-419 92 17 blockchain blockchain PROPN biht-419 92 18 . . PUNCT biht-419 93 1 the the DET biht-419 93 2 real real ADJ biht-419 93 3 data datum NOUN biht-419 93 4 will will AUX biht-419 93 5 be be AUX biht-419 93 6 stored store VERB biht-419 93 7 on on ADP biht-419 93 8 the the DET biht-419 93 9 ipfs ipfs PROPN biht-419 93 10 network network NOUN biht-419 93 11 . . PUNCT biht-419 94 1 if if SCONJ biht-419 94 2 the the DET biht-419 94 3 user user NOUN biht-419 94 4 requests request VERB biht-419 94 5 to to PART biht-419 94 6 access access VERB biht-419 94 7 the the DET biht-419 94 8 genomic genomic NOUN biht-419 94 9 data datum NOUN biht-419 94 10 , , PUNCT biht-419 94 11 then then ADV biht-419 94 12 the the DET biht-419 94 13 smart smart ADJ biht-419 94 14 contract contract NOUN biht-419 94 15 is be AUX biht-419 94 16 invoked invoke VERB biht-419 94 17 to to PART biht-419 94 18 manage manage VERB biht-419 94 19 and and CCONJ biht-419 94 20 secure secure VERB biht-419 94 21 future future ADJ biht-419 94 22 access access NOUN biht-419 94 23 to to ADP biht-419 94 24 the the DET biht-419 94 25 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 94 26 data datum NOUN biht-419 94 27 . . PUNCT biht-419 95 1 on on ADP biht-419 95 2 receiving receive VERB biht-419 95 3 an an DET biht-419 95 4 access access NOUN biht-419 95 5 request request NOUN biht-419 95 6 for for ADP biht-419 95 7 the the DET biht-419 95 8 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 95 9 data datum NOUN biht-419 95 10 by by ADP biht-419 95 11 a a DET biht-419 95 12 user user NOUN biht-419 95 13 , , PUNCT biht-419 95 14 identification identification NOUN biht-419 95 15 of of ADP biht-419 95 16 the the DET biht-419 95 17 user user NOUN biht-419 95 18 and and CCONJ biht-419 95 19 permission permission NOUN biht-419 95 20 verification verification NOUN biht-419 95 21 are be AUX biht-419 95 22 done do VERB biht-419 95 23 by by ADP biht-419 95 24 the the DET biht-419 95 25 smart smart ADJ biht-419 95 26 contract contract NOUN biht-419 95 27 . . PUNCT biht-419 96 1 for for ADP biht-419 96 2 privacy privacy NOUN biht-419 96 3 , , PUNCT biht-419 96 4 it it PRON biht-419 96 5 employs employ VERB biht-419 96 6 a a DET biht-419 96 7 zkp zkp NOUN biht-419 96 8 system system NOUN biht-419 96 9 whereby whereby SCONJ biht-419 96 10 the the DET biht-419 96 11 user user NOUN biht-419 96 12 can can AUX biht-419 96 13 prove prove VERB biht-419 96 14 identity identity NOUN biht-419 96 15 and and CCONJ biht-419 96 16 authorization authorization NOUN biht-419 96 17 without without ADP biht-419 96 18 revealing reveal VERB biht-419 96 19 sensitive sensitive ADJ biht-419 96 20 data datum NOUN biht-419 96 21 . . PUNCT biht-419 97 1 it it PRON biht-419 97 2 grants grant VERB biht-419 97 3 access access NOUN biht-419 97 4 upon upon SCONJ biht-419 97 5 successful successful ADJ biht-419 97 6 authentication authentication NOUN biht-419 97 7 and and CCONJ biht-419 97 8 denies deny VERB biht-419 97 9 access access NOUN biht-419 97 10 upon upon SCONJ biht-419 97 11 failure failure NOUN biht-419 97 12 . . PUNCT biht-419 98 1 optimized optimize VERB biht-419 98 2 efficiency efficiency NOUN biht-419 98 3 methods method NOUN biht-419 98 4 are be AUX biht-419 98 5 used use VERB biht-419 98 6 to to PART biht-419 98 7 optimize optimize VERB biht-419 98 8 the the DET biht-419 98 9 signed sign VERB biht-419 98 10 queries query NOUN biht-419 98 11 . . PUNCT biht-419 99 1 the the DET biht-419 99 2 final final ADJ biht-419 99 3 operation operation NOUN biht-419 99 4 is be AUX biht-419 99 5 secure secure ADJ biht-419 99 6 recovery recovery NOUN biht-419 99 7 or or CCONJ biht-419 99 8 verification verification NOUN biht-419 99 9 of of ADP biht-419 99 10 the the DET biht-419 99 11 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 99 12 information information NOUN biht-419 99 13 , , PUNCT biht-419 99 14 closing close VERB biht-419 99 15 a a DET biht-419 99 16 strong strong ADJ biht-419 99 17 , , PUNCT biht-419 99 18 open open ADJ biht-419 99 19 , , PUNCT biht-419 99 20 and and CCONJ biht-419 99 21 privacy privacy NOUN biht-419 99 22 - - PUNCT biht-419 99 23 preserving preserve VERB biht-419 99 24 data datum NOUN biht-419 99 25 access access NOUN biht-419 99 26 infrastructure infrastructure NOUN biht-419 99 27 well well ADV biht-419 99 28 - - PUNCT biht-419 99 29 suited suited ADJ biht-419 99 30 to to ADP biht-419 99 31 sensitive sensitive ADJ biht-419 99 32 biomedical biomedical ADJ biht-419 99 33 use use NOUN biht-419 99 34 . . PUNCT biht-419 100 1 the the DET biht-419 100 2 zkp zkp NOUN biht-419 100 3 offers offer VERB biht-419 100 4 a a DET biht-419 100 5 robust robust ADJ biht-419 100 6 answer answer NOUN biht-419 100 7 to to ADP biht-419 100 8 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 100 9 data datum NOUN biht-419 100 10 privacy privacy NOUN biht-419 100 11 protection protection NOUN biht-419 100 12 and and CCONJ biht-419 100 13 safe safe ADJ biht-419 100 14 sharing sharing NOUN biht-419 100 15 ( ( PUNCT biht-419 100 16 figure figure NOUN biht-419 100 17 1 1 NUM biht-419 100 18 ) ) PUNCT biht-419 100 19 . . PUNCT biht-419 101 1 as as SCONJ biht-419 101 2 zkp zkp NOUN biht-419 101 3 are be AUX biht-419 101 4 subject subject ADJ biht-419 101 5 to to ADP biht-419 101 6 an an DET biht-419 101 7 agreed agree VERB biht-419 101 8 time time NOUN biht-419 101 9 , , PUNCT biht-419 101 10 they they PRON biht-419 101 11 are be AUX biht-419 101 12 most most ADV biht-419 101 13 appropriate appropriate ADJ biht-419 101 14 in in ADP biht-419 101 15 dealing deal VERB biht-419 101 16 with with ADP biht-419 101 17 massive massive ADJ biht-419 101 18 , , PUNCT biht-419 101 19 confidential confidential ADJ biht-419 101 20 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 101 21 data datum NOUN biht-419 101 22 . . PUNCT biht-419 102 1 the the DET biht-419 102 2 strongest strong ADJ biht-419 102 3 point point NOUN biht-419 102 4 about about ADP biht-419 102 5 zkps zkps PROPN biht-419 102 6 is be AUX biht-419 102 7 that that SCONJ biht-419 102 8 , , PUNCT biht-419 102 9 instead instead ADV biht-419 102 10 of of ADP biht-419 102 11 disclosing disclose VERB biht-419 102 12 raw raw ADJ biht-419 102 13 genomic genomic NOUN biht-419 102 14 data datum NOUN biht-419 102 15 , , PUNCT biht-419 102 16 they they PRON biht-419 102 17 can can AUX biht-419 102 18 offer offer VERB biht-419 102 19 mathematically mathematically ADV biht-419 102 20 verifiable verifiable ADJ biht-419 102 21 data datum NOUN biht-419 102 22 integrity integrity NOUN biht-419 102 23 statements statement NOUN biht-419 102 24 or or CCONJ biht-419 102 25 information information NOUN biht-419 102 26 without without ADP biht-419 102 27 revealing reveal VERB biht-419 102 28 the the DET biht-419 102 29 data datum NOUN biht-419 102 30 . . PUNCT biht-419 103 1 the the DET biht-419 103 2 capability capability NOUN biht-419 103 3 is be AUX biht-419 103 4 especially especially ADV biht-419 103 5 useful useful ADJ biht-419 103 6 when when SCONJ biht-419 103 7 the the DET biht-419 103 8 case case NOUN biht-419 103 9 demands demand VERB biht-419 103 10 user user NOUN biht-419 103 11 https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v8.419 https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v8.419 PROPN biht-419 103 12 citation citation NOUN biht-419 103 13 : : PUNCT biht-419 104 1 blockchain blockchain PROPN biht-419 104 2 in in ADP biht-419 104 3 healthcare healthcare NOUN biht-419 104 4 today today NOUN biht-419 104 5 2025 2025 NUM biht-419 104 6 , , PUNCT biht-419 104 7 8 8 NUM biht-419 104 8 : : SYM biht-419 104 9 419 419 NUM biht-419 104 10 https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v8.419 https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v8.419 NUM biht-419 104 11 5 5 NUM biht-419 104 12 ( ( PUNCT biht-419 104 13 page page NOUN biht-419 104 14 number number NOUN biht-419 104 15 not not PART biht-419 104 16 for for ADP biht-419 104 17 citation citation NOUN biht-419 104 18 purpose purpose NOUN biht-419 104 19 ) ) PUNCT biht-419 104 20 blockchain blockchain PROPN biht-419 104 21 safeguarded safeguard VERB biht-419 104 22 sharing sharing NOUN biht-419 104 23 of of ADP biht-419 104 24 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 104 25 data datum NOUN biht-419 104 26 anonymity anonymity NOUN biht-419 104 27 and and CCONJ biht-419 104 28 adherence adherence NOUN biht-419 104 29 to to ADP biht-419 104 30 rigorous rigorous ADJ biht-419 104 31 data datum NOUN biht-419 104 32 privacy privacy NOUN biht-419 104 33 laws law NOUN biht-419 104 34 . . PUNCT biht-419 105 1 the the DET biht-419 105 2 zkp zkp NOUN biht-419 105 3 also also ADV biht-419 105 4 permits permit VERB biht-419 105 5 secure secure ADJ biht-419 105 6 authentication authentication NOUN biht-419 105 7 and and CCONJ biht-419 105 8 access access NOUN biht-419 105 9 controls control NOUN biht-419 105 10 to to PART biht-419 105 11 be be AUX biht-419 105 12 performed perform VERB biht-419 105 13 without without ADP biht-419 105 14 sacrificing sacrifice VERB biht-419 105 15 user user NOUN biht-419 105 16 anonymity anonymity NOUN biht-419 105 17 . . PUNCT biht-419 106 1 this this PRON biht-419 106 2 incorporates incorporate VERB biht-419 106 3 zkp zkp PROPN biht-419 106 4 , , PUNCT biht-419 106 5 blockchain blockchain NOUN biht-419 106 6 , , PUNCT biht-419 106 7 and and CCONJ biht-419 106 8 smart smart ADJ biht-419 106 9 contract contract NOUN biht-419 106 10 protocols protocol NOUN biht-419 106 11 to to PART biht-419 106 12 enable enable VERB biht-419 106 13 decentralized decentralize VERB biht-419 106 14 , , PUNCT biht-419 106 15 auditable auditable ADJ biht-419 106 16 , , PUNCT biht-419 106 17 and and CCONJ biht-419 106 18 tamper tamper ADJ biht-419 106 19 - - PUNCT biht-419 106 20 evident evident ADJ biht-419 106 21 system system NOUN biht-419 106 22 development development NOUN biht-419 106 23 . . PUNCT biht-419 107 1 the the DET biht-419 107 2 complementarity complementarity NOUN biht-419 107 3 of of ADP biht-419 107 4 cryptography cryptography NOUN biht-419 107 5 , , PUNCT biht-419 107 6 anonymity anonymity NOUN biht-419 107 7 , , PUNCT biht-419 107 8 and and CCONJ biht-419 107 9 agility agility NOUN biht-419 107 10 provides provide VERB biht-419 107 11 a a DET biht-419 107 12 synergic synergic ADJ biht-419 107 13 relationship relationship NOUN biht-419 107 14 such such ADJ biht-419 107 15 that that SCONJ biht-419 107 16 zkp zkp NOUN biht-419 107 17 is be AUX biht-419 107 18 the the DET biht-419 107 19 optimal optimal ADJ biht-419 107 20 solution solution NOUN biht-419 107 21 to to PART biht-419 107 22 enable enable VERB biht-419 107 23 sharing sharing NOUN biht-419 107 24 of of ADP biht-419 107 25 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 107 26 data datum NOUN biht-419 107 27 and and CCONJ biht-419 107 28 maintain maintain VERB biht-419 107 29 individual individual ADJ biht-419 107 30 privacy privacy NOUN biht-419 107 31 as as ADP biht-419 107 32 the the DET biht-419 107 33 largest large ADJ biht-419 107 34 concern concern NOUN biht-419 107 35 but but CCONJ biht-419 107 36 yet yet ADV biht-419 107 37 enable enable VERB biht-419 107 38 compliance compliance NOUN biht-419 107 39 and and CCONJ biht-419 107 40 trust trust NOUN biht-419 107 41 to to PART biht-419 107 42 be be AUX biht-419 107 43 upheld uphold VERB biht-419 107 44 . . PUNCT biht-419 108 1 a a DET biht-419 108 2 zkp zkp NOUN biht-419 108 3 system system NOUN biht-419 108 4 is be AUX biht-419 108 5 defined define VERB biht-419 108 6 by by ADP biht-419 108 7 a a DET biht-419 108 8 pair pair NOUN biht-419 108 9 ( ( PUNCT biht-419 108 10 p p X biht-419 108 11 , , PUNCT biht-419 108 12 v v NOUN biht-419 108 13 ) ) PUNCT biht-419 108 14 of of ADP biht-419 108 15 prover prover NOUN biht-419 108 16 and and CCONJ biht-419 108 17 verifier verifier NOUN biht-419 108 18 and and CCONJ biht-419 108 19 satisfies satisfy VERB biht-419 108 20 three three NUM biht-419 108 21 properties property NOUN biht-419 108 22 : : PUNCT biht-419 108 23 step step NOUN biht-419 108 24 1 1 NUM biht-419 108 25 : : PUNCT biht-419 108 26 completeness completeness NOUN biht-419 108 27 : : PUNCT biht-419 108 28 equation equation NOUN biht-419 108 29 ( ( PUNCT biht-419 108 30 1 1 NUM biht-419 108 31 ) ) PUNCT biht-419 108 32 , , PUNCT biht-419 108 33 if if SCONJ biht-419 108 34 the the DET biht-419 108 35 statement statement NOUN biht-419 108 36 is be AUX biht-419 108 37 true true ADJ biht-419 108 38 and and CCONJ biht-419 108 39 both both DET biht-419 108 40 parties party NOUN biht-419 108 41 are be AUX biht-419 108 42 following follow VERB biht-419 108 43 the the DET biht-419 108 44 protocol protocol NOUN biht-419 108 45 , , PUNCT biht-419 108 46 the the DET biht-419 108 47 verifier verifier NOUN biht-419 108 48 will will AUX biht-419 108 49 accept accept VERB biht-419 108 50 the the DET biht-419 108 51 proof proof NOUN biht-419 108 52 . . PUNCT biht-419 109 1 if if SCONJ biht-419 109 2 x x SYM biht-419 109 3 ∈ ∈ PROPN biht-419 109 4 l l NOUN biht-419 109 5 , , PUNCT biht-419 109 6 then then ADV biht-419 109 7 pr[v(x)=1]=1 pr[v(x)=1]=1 PROPN biht-419 109 8 ( ( PUNCT biht-419 109 9 1 1 X biht-419 109 10 ) ) PUNCT biht-419 109 11 step step NOUN biht-419 109 12 2 2 NUM biht-419 109 13 : : PUNCT biht-419 109 14 soundness soundness NOUN biht-419 109 15 : : PUNCT biht-419 109 16 equation equation NOUN biht-419 109 17 ( ( PUNCT biht-419 109 18 2 2 NUM biht-419 109 19 ) ) PUNCT biht-419 109 20 , , PUNCT biht-419 109 21 if if SCONJ biht-419 109 22 the the DET biht-419 109 23 statement statement NOUN biht-419 109 24 is be AUX biht-419 109 25 false false ADJ biht-419 109 26 , , PUNCT biht-419 109 27 no no DET biht-419 109 28 cheating cheat VERB biht-419 109 29 prover prover NOUN biht-419 109 30 can can AUX biht-419 109 31 convince convince VERB biht-419 109 32 the the DET biht-419 109 33 verifier verifier NOUN biht-419 109 34 . . PUNCT biht-419 110 1 if if SCONJ biht-419 110 2 x x SYM biht-419 110 3 ∈ ∈ PROPN biht-419 110 4 l l NOUN biht-419 110 5 , , PUNCT biht-419 110 6 then then ADV biht-419 110 7 pr[v(x)=1 pr[v(x)=1 VERB biht-419 110 8 ] ] PUNCT biht-419 110 9 ≤ ≤ NUM biht-419 110 10 ε ε X biht-419 110 11 ( ( PUNCT biht-419 110 12 2 2 NUM biht-419 110 13 ) ) PUNCT biht-419 110 14 step step NOUN biht-419 110 15 3 3 NUM biht-419 110 16 : : PUNCT biht-419 110 17 zero zero NUM biht-419 110 18 - - PUNCT biht-419 110 19 knowledge knowledge NOUN biht-419 110 20 : : PUNCT biht-419 110 21 equation equation NOUN biht-419 110 22 ( ( PUNCT biht-419 110 23 3 3 NUM biht-419 110 24 ) ) PUNCT biht-419 110 25 , , PUNCT biht-419 110 26 the the DET biht-419 110 27 proof proof NOUN biht-419 110 28 reveals reveal VERB biht-419 110 29 nothing nothing PRON biht-419 110 30 beyond beyond ADP biht-419 110 31 the the DET biht-419 110 32 truth truth NOUN biht-419 110 33 of of ADP biht-419 110 34 the the DET biht-419 110 35 statement statement NOUN biht-419 110 36 . . PUNCT biht-419 111 1 there there PRON biht-419 111 2 exists exist VERB biht-419 111 3 a a DET biht-419 111 4 simulator simulator NOUN biht-419 111 5 s s PART biht-419 111 6 such such ADJ biht-419 111 7 that that SCONJ biht-419 111 8 the the DET biht-419 111 9 verifier verifier NOUN biht-419 111 10 ’s ’s PART biht-419 111 11 view view NOUN biht-419 111 12 can can AUX biht-419 111 13 be be AUX biht-419 111 14 simulated simulate VERB biht-419 111 15 without without ADP biht-419 111 16 knowing know VERB biht-419 111 17 the the DET biht-419 111 18 witness witness NOUN biht-419 111 19 : : PUNCT biht-419 111 20 viewv(x viewv(x NOUN biht-419 111 21 , , PUNCT biht-419 111 22 π π NOUN biht-419 111 23 ) ) PUNCT biht-419 111 24 ≈s(x ≈s(x NUM biht-419 111 25 ) ) PUNCT biht-419 111 26 ( ( PUNCT biht-419 111 27 3 3 X biht-419 111 28 ) ) PUNCT biht-419 111 29 blockchain blockchain NOUN biht-419 111 30 - - PUNCT biht-419 111 31 based base VERB biht-419 111 32 genomic genomic NOUN biht-419 111 33 data datum NOUN biht-419 111 34 protection protection NOUN biht-419 111 35 in in ADP biht-419 111 36 order order NOUN biht-419 111 37 to to PART biht-419 111 38 protect protect VERB biht-419 111 39 and and CCONJ biht-419 111 40 make make VERB biht-419 111 41 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 111 42 data datum NOUN biht-419 111 43 unalterable unalterable ADJ biht-419 111 44 , , PUNCT biht-419 111 45 we we PRON biht-419 111 46 employ employ VERB biht-419 111 47 a a DET biht-419 111 48 genomics genomics NOUN biht-419 111 49 sequence sequence NOUN biht-419 111 50 blockchain blockchain PROPN biht-419 111 51 based base VERB biht-419 111 52 on on ADP biht-419 111 53 python python NOUN biht-419 111 54 for for ADP biht-419 111 55 storing store VERB biht-419 111 56 and and CCONJ biht-419 111 57 managing manage VERB biht-419 111 58 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 111 59 sequences sequence NOUN biht-419 111 60 . . PUNCT biht-419 112 1 a a DET biht-419 112 2 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 112 3 sequence sequence NOUN biht-419 112 4 , , PUNCT biht-419 112 5 is be AUX biht-419 112 6 represented represent VERB biht-419 112 7 as as ADP biht-419 112 8 in in ADP biht-419 112 9 algorithm algorithm NOUN biht-419 112 10 1 1 NUM biht-419 112 11 . . PUNCT biht-419 113 1 it it PRON biht-419 113 2 ensures ensure VERB biht-419 113 3 data datum NOUN biht-419 113 4 are be AUX biht-419 113 5 immutable immutable ADJ biht-419 113 6 and and CCONJ biht-419 113 7 resists resist VERB biht-419 113 8 tampering tamper VERB biht-419 113 9 and and CCONJ biht-419 113 10 allows allow VERB biht-419 113 11 complete complete ADJ biht-419 113 12 traceability traceability NOUN biht-419 113 13 of of ADP biht-419 113 14 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 113 15 data datum NOUN biht-419 113 16 throughout throughout ADP biht-419 113 17 the the DET biht-419 113 18 chain chain NOUN biht-419 113 19 . . PUNCT biht-419 114 1 consensus consensus NOUN biht-419 114 2 mechanism mechanism NOUN biht-419 114 3 consensus consensus NOUN biht-419 114 4 is be AUX biht-419 114 5 a a DET biht-419 114 6 basic basic ADJ biht-419 114 7 mechanism mechanism NOUN biht-419 114 8 of of ADP biht-419 114 9 blockchain blockchain PROPN biht-419 114 10 technology technology PROPN biht-419 114 11 by by ADP biht-419 114 12 which which PRON biht-419 114 13 all all DET biht-419 114 14 the the DET biht-419 114 15 entire entire ADJ biht-419 114 16 nodes node NOUN biht-419 114 17 in in ADP biht-419 114 18 a a DET biht-419 114 19 network network NOUN biht-419 114 20 can can AUX biht-419 114 21 agree agree VERB biht-419 114 22 to to ADP biht-419 114 23 a a DET biht-419 114 24 shared share VERB biht-419 114 25 public public ADJ biht-419 114 26 copy copy NOUN biht-419 114 27 of of ADP biht-419 114 28 the the DET biht-419 114 29 ledger ledger NOUN biht-419 114 30 in in ADP biht-419 114 31 the the DET biht-419 114 32 absence absence NOUN biht-419 114 33 of of ADP biht-419 114 34 central central ADJ biht-419 114 35 control control NOUN biht-419 114 36 . . PUNCT biht-419 115 1 it it PRON biht-419 115 2 is be AUX biht-419 115 3 necessary necessary ADJ biht-419 115 4 for for ADP biht-419 115 5 verification verification NOUN biht-419 115 6 of of ADP biht-419 115 7 the the DET biht-419 115 8 transactions transaction NOUN biht-419 115 9 , , PUNCT biht-419 115 10 checking check VERB biht-419 115 11 data data NOUN biht-419 115 12 consistency consistency NOUN biht-419 115 13 , , PUNCT biht-419 115 14 and and CCONJ biht-419 115 15 preventing prevent VERB biht-419 115 16 attacks attack NOUN biht-419 115 17 such such ADJ biht-419 115 18 as as ADP biht-419 115 19 double double ADJ biht-419 115 20 - - PUNCT biht-419 115 21 spending spending NOUN biht-419 115 22 or or CCONJ biht-419 115 23 fraud fraud NOUN biht-419 115 24 . . PUNCT biht-419 116 1 by by ADP biht-419 116 2 first first ADV biht-419 116 3 getting get VERB biht-419 116 4 the the DET biht-419 116 5 participants participant NOUN biht-419 116 6 to to PART biht-419 116 7 agree agree VERB biht-419 116 8 before before ADP biht-419 116 9 presenting present VERB biht-419 116 10 new new ADJ biht-419 116 11 information information NOUN biht-419 116 12 , , PUNCT biht-419 116 13 consensus consensus NOUN biht-419 116 14 algorithms algorithm NOUN biht-419 116 15 such such ADJ biht-419 116 16 as as ADP biht-419 116 17 proof proof NOUN biht-419 116 18 of of ADP biht-419 116 19 work work NOUN biht-419 116 20 , , PUNCT biht-419 116 21 proof proof NOUN biht-419 116 22 of of ADP biht-419 116 23 stake stake NOUN biht-419 116 24 ( ( PUNCT biht-419 116 25 pos pos NOUN biht-419 116 26 ) ) PUNCT biht-419 116 27 , , PUNCT biht-419 116 28 or or CCONJ biht-419 116 29 practical practical ADJ biht-419 116 30 byzantine byzantine ADJ biht-419 116 31 fault fault NOUN biht-419 116 32 tolerance tolerance NOUN biht-419 116 33 create create VERB biht-419 116 34 trust trust NOUN biht-419 116 35 in in ADP biht-419 116 36 a a DET biht-419 116 37 decentralized decentralized ADJ biht-419 116 38 system system NOUN biht-419 116 39 because because SCONJ biht-419 116 40 they they PRON biht-419 116 41 make make VERB biht-419 116 42 the the DET biht-419 116 43 blockchain blockchain PROPN biht-419 116 44 stable stable ADJ biht-419 116 45 , , PUNCT biht-419 116 46 secure secure ADJ biht-419 116 47 , , PUNCT biht-419 116 48 and and CCONJ biht-419 116 49 tamper tamper NOUN biht-419 116 50 - - NOUN biht-419 116 51 proof proof NOUN biht-419 116 52 . . PUNCT biht-419 117 1 blockchain blockchain PROPN biht-419 117 2 ’s ’s PART biht-419 117 3 consensus consensus NOUN biht-419 117 4 mechanism mechanism NOUN biht-419 117 5 needs need VERB biht-419 117 6 to to PART biht-419 117 7 give give VERB biht-419 117 8 all all DET biht-419 117 9 the the DET biht-419 117 10 users user NOUN biht-419 117 11 of of ADP biht-419 117 12 a a DET biht-419 117 13 network network NOUN biht-419 117 14 the the DET biht-419 117 15 shared share VERB biht-419 117 16 presumption presumption NOUN biht-419 117 17 that that SCONJ biht-419 117 18 transactions transaction NOUN biht-419 117 19 are be AUX biht-419 117 20 legitimate legitimate ADJ biht-419 117 21 in in ADP biht-419 117 22 the the DET biht-419 117 23 absence absence NOUN biht-419 117 24 of of ADP biht-419 117 25 a a DET biht-419 117 26 single single ADJ biht-419 117 27 governing governing NOUN biht-419 117 28 authority authority NOUN biht-419 117 29 so so SCONJ biht-419 117 30 that that SCONJ biht-419 117 31 data datum NOUN biht-419 117 32 integrity integrity NOUN biht-419 117 33 and and CCONJ biht-419 117 34 trust trust NOUN biht-419 117 35 in in ADP biht-419 117 36 a a DET biht-419 117 37 distributed distribute VERB biht-419 117 38 system system NOUN biht-419 117 39 are be AUX biht-419 117 40 established establish VERB biht-419 117 41 . . PUNCT biht-419 118 1 for for ADP biht-419 118 2 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 118 3 data datum NOUN biht-419 118 4 storage storage NOUN biht-419 118 5 , , PUNCT biht-419 118 6 privacy privacy NOUN biht-419 118 7 and and CCONJ biht-419 118 8 accuracy accuracy NOUN biht-419 118 9 being be AUX biht-419 118 10 greater great ADJ biht-419 118 11 issues issue NOUN biht-419 118 12 , , PUNCT biht-419 118 13 consensus consensus NOUN biht-419 118 14 will will AUX biht-419 118 15 give give VERB biht-419 118 16 data datum NOUN biht-419 118 17 input input NOUN biht-419 118 18 integrity integrity NOUN biht-419 118 19 and and CCONJ biht-419 118 20 tamper tamper VERB biht-419 118 21 protection protection NOUN biht-419 118 22 . . PUNCT biht-419 119 1 the the DET biht-419 119 2 zkp zkp NOUN biht-419 119 3 takes take VERB biht-419 119 4 this this PRON biht-419 119 5 even even ADV biht-419 119 6 further far ADV biht-419 119 7 and and CCONJ biht-419 119 8 allows allow VERB biht-419 119 9 a a DET biht-419 119 10 party party NOUN biht-419 119 11 to to PART biht-419 119 12 demonstrate demonstrate VERB biht-419 119 13 correctness correctness NOUN biht-419 119 14 of of ADP biht-419 119 15 computation computation NOUN biht-419 119 16 or or CCONJ biht-419 119 17 access access NOUN biht-419 119 18 of of ADP biht-419 119 19 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 119 20 information information NOUN biht-419 119 21 without without ADP biht-419 119 22 ever ever ADV biht-419 119 23 revealing reveal VERB biht-419 119 24 the the DET biht-419 119 25 underlying underlie VERB biht-419 119 26 actual actual ADJ biht-419 119 27 data datum NOUN biht-419 119 28 itself itself PRON biht-419 119 29 , , PUNCT biht-419 119 30 and and CCONJ biht-419 119 31 hence hence ADV biht-419 119 32 ensures ensure VERB biht-419 119 33 privacy privacy NOUN biht-419 119 34 to to ADP biht-419 119 35 individuals individual NOUN biht-419 119 36 . . PUNCT biht-419 120 1 all all DET biht-419 120 2 these these DET biht-419 120 3 technologies technology NOUN biht-419 120 4 are be AUX biht-419 120 5 extremely extremely ADV biht-419 120 6 complementary complementary ADJ biht-419 120 7 and and CCONJ biht-419 120 8 together together ADV biht-419 120 9 enable enable VERB biht-419 120 10 secure secure ADJ biht-419 120 11 , , PUNCT biht-419 120 12 verifiable verifiable ADJ biht-419 120 13 , , PUNCT biht-419 120 14 privacy privacy NOUN biht-419 120 15 - - PUNCT biht-419 120 16 preserving preserve VERB biht-419 120 17 genomic genomic NOUN biht-419 120 18 data datum NOUN biht-419 120 19 sharing sharing NOUN biht-419 120 20 and and CCONJ biht-419 120 21 analysis analysis NOUN biht-419 120 22 to to PART biht-419 120 23 become become VERB biht-419 120 24 functional functional ADJ biht-419 120 25 between between ADP biht-419 120 26 many many ADJ biht-419 120 27 stakeholders stakeholder NOUN biht-419 120 28 . . PUNCT biht-419 121 1 the the DET biht-419 121 2 proof proof NOUN biht-419 121 3 - - PUNCT biht-419 121 4 of of ADP biht-419 121 5 - - PUNCT biht-419 121 6 work work NOUN biht-419 121 7 protocol protocol NOUN biht-419 121 8 employs employ VERB biht-419 121 9 hard hard ADJ biht-419 121 10 cryptographical cryptographical ADJ biht-419 121 11 challenges challenge NOUN biht-419 121 12 and and CCONJ biht-419 121 13 consumes consume VERB biht-419 121 14 much much ADJ biht-419 121 15 computational computational ADJ biht-419 121 16 effort effort NOUN biht-419 121 17 and and CCONJ biht-419 121 18 power power NOUN biht-419 121 19 , , PUNCT biht-419 121 20 causing cause VERB biht-419 121 21 latency latency NOUN biht-419 121 22 and and CCONJ biht-419 121 23 costly costly ADJ biht-419 121 24 processing processing NOUN biht-419 121 25 , , PUNCT biht-419 121 26 which which PRON biht-419 121 27 is be AUX biht-419 121 28 inefficient inefficient ADJ biht-419 121 29 and and CCONJ biht-419 121 30 specifically specifically ADV biht-419 121 31 not not PART biht-419 121 32 well well ADV biht-419 121 33 - - PUNCT biht-419 121 34 fitted fit VERB biht-419 121 35 for for ADP biht-419 121 36 large large ADJ biht-419 121 37 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 121 38 transaction transaction NOUN biht-419 121 39 volumes volume NOUN biht-419 121 40 . . PUNCT biht-419 122 1 off off ADP biht-419 122 2 - - PUNCT biht-419 122 3 chain chain NOUN biht-419 122 4 and and CCONJ biht-419 122 5 on on ADP biht-419 122 6 - - PUNCT biht-419 122 7 chain chain NOUN biht-419 122 8 on on ADP biht-419 122 9 - - PUNCT biht-419 122 10 chain chain NOUN biht-419 122 11 and and CCONJ biht-419 122 12 off off ADP biht-419 122 13 - - PUNCT biht-419 122 14 chain chain NOUN biht-419 122 15 genomic genomic NOUN biht-419 122 16 information information NOUN biht-419 122 17 storage storage NOUN biht-419 122 18 on on ADP biht-419 122 19 blockchain blockchain PROPN biht-419 122 20 and and CCONJ biht-419 122 21 ipfs ipf NOUN biht-419 122 22 on on ADP biht-419 122 23 - - PUNCT biht-419 122 24 chain chain NOUN biht-419 122 25 storage storage NOUN biht-419 122 26 refers refer VERB biht-419 122 27 to to ADP biht-419 122 28 storing store VERB biht-419 122 29 genomic genomic NOUN biht-419 122 30 data datum NOUN biht-419 122 31 directly directly ADV biht-419 122 32 within within ADP biht-419 122 33 the the DET biht-419 122 34 blockchain blockchain NOUN biht-419 122 35 . . PUNCT biht-419 123 1 this this PRON biht-419 123 2 guarantees guarantee VERB biht-419 123 3 immutability immutability NOUN biht-419 123 4 and and CCONJ biht-419 123 5 high high ADJ biht-419 123 6 integrity integrity NOUN biht-419 123 7 of of ADP biht-419 123 8 data datum NOUN biht-419 123 9 but but CCONJ biht-419 123 10 is be AUX biht-419 123 11 typically typically ADV biht-419 123 12 not not PART biht-419 123 13 practicable practicable ADJ biht-419 123 14 for for ADP biht-419 123 15 large large ADJ biht-419 123 16 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 123 17 datasets dataset NOUN biht-419 123 18 because because SCONJ biht-419 123 19 of of ADP biht-419 123 20 storage storage NOUN biht-419 123 21 constraints constraint NOUN biht-419 123 22 and and CCONJ biht-419 123 23 algorithm algorithm NOUN biht-419 123 24 1 1 NUM biht-419 123 25 . . PUNCT biht-419 123 26 create create VERB biht-419 123 27 a a DET biht-419 123 28 local local ADJ biht-419 123 29 ledger ledger NOUN biht-419 123 30 of of ADP biht-419 123 31 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 123 32 data datum NOUN biht-419 123 33 protection protection NOUN biht-419 123 34 input input NOUN biht-419 123 35 : : PUNCT biht-419 123 36 genomic genomic NOUN biht-419 123 37 data(gi data(gi NOUN biht-419 123 38 ) ) PUNCT biht-419 123 39 for for ADP biht-419 123 40 block block NOUN biht-419 123 41 i. i. NOUN biht-419 123 42 output output PROPN biht-419 123 43 : : PUNCT biht-419 123 44 local local ADJ biht-419 123 45 ledger ledger NOUN biht-419 123 46 block block NOUN biht-419 124 1 i i PRON biht-419 124 2 ( ( PUNCT biht-419 124 3 nbi nbi NOUN biht-419 124 4 ) ) PUNCT biht-419 124 5 . . PUNCT biht-419 125 1 step1 step1 PROPN biht-419 125 2 : : PUNCT biht-419 125 3 encode encode VERB biht-419 125 4 the the DET biht-419 125 5 genomic genomic NOUN biht-419 125 6 data(gi data(gi NOUN biht-419 125 7 ) ) PUNCT biht-419 125 8 and and CCONJ biht-419 125 9 add add VERB biht-419 125 10 to to ADP biht-419 125 11 the the DET biht-419 125 12 new new ADJ biht-419 125 13 block(nbi block(nbi NOUN biht-419 125 14 ) ) PUNCT biht-419 125 15 . . PUNCT biht-419 126 1 step2 step2 PROPN biht-419 126 2 : : PUNCT biht-419 126 3 hi hi PROPN biht-419 126 4 � � PROPN biht-419 126 5 find find VERB biht-419 126 6 hash hash NOUN biht-419 126 7 of of ADP biht-419 126 8 nbi nbi NOUN biht-419 126 9 by by ADP biht-419 126 10 combining combine VERB biht-419 126 11 gi gi NOUN biht-419 126 12 and and CCONJ biht-419 126 13 hi-1 hi-1 PUNCT biht-419 126 14 step3 step3 PROPN biht-419 126 15 : : PUNCT biht-419 126 16 add add VERB biht-419 126 17 to to ADP biht-419 126 18 the the DET biht-419 126 19 nbi nbi NOUN biht-419 126 20 hi hi INTJ biht-419 126 21 = = NOUN biht-419 126 22 hash hash NOUN biht-419 126 23 of of ADP biht-419 126 24 the the DET biht-419 126 25 current current ADJ biht-419 126 26 block block NOUN biht-419 126 27 gi gi NOUN biht-419 126 28 = = PUNCT biht-419 126 29 encoded encode VERB biht-419 126 30 genomic genomic NOUN biht-419 126 31 for for ADP biht-419 126 32 block block NOUN biht-419 126 33 i i PRON biht-419 126 34 using use VERB biht-419 126 35 cryptographic cryptographic ADJ biht-419 126 36 protocol protocol NOUN biht-419 126 37 hi−1 hi−1 PROPN biht-419 126 38 = = PUNCT biht-419 126 39 hash hash NOUN biht-419 126 40 of of ADP biht-419 126 41 the the DET biht-419 126 42 previous previous ADJ biht-419 126 43 block block NOUN biht-419 126 44 ti ti NOUN biht-419 126 45 = = NOUN biht-419 126 46 timestamp timestamp NOUN biht-419 126 47 step step NOUN biht-419 126 48 4 4 NUM biht-419 126 49 : : PUNCT biht-419 126 50 local local ADJ biht-419 126 51 ledger ledger NOUN biht-419 126 52 fig fig NOUN biht-419 126 53 . . PUNCT biht-419 127 1 1 1 X biht-419 127 2 . . X biht-419 127 3 blockchain blockchain NOUN biht-419 127 4 - - PUNCT biht-419 127 5 based base VERB biht-419 127 6 genomic genomic NOUN biht-419 127 7 data datum NOUN biht-419 127 8 access access PROPN biht-419 127 9 flowchart flowchart PROPN biht-419 127 10 . . PUNCT biht-419 128 1 https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v8.419 https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v8.419 X biht-419 128 2 citation citation NOUN biht-419 128 3 : : PUNCT biht-419 129 1 blockchain blockchain NOUN biht-419 129 2 in in ADP biht-419 129 3 healthcare healthcare NOUN biht-419 129 4 today today NOUN biht-419 129 5 2025 2025 NUM biht-419 129 6 , , PUNCT biht-419 129 7 8 8 NUM biht-419 129 8 : : SYM biht-419 129 9 419 419 NUM biht-419 129 10 https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v8.4196 https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v8.4196 NOUN biht-419 129 11 ( ( PUNCT biht-419 129 12 page page NOUN biht-419 129 13 number number NOUN biht-419 129 14 not not PART biht-419 129 15 for for ADP biht-419 129 16 citation citation NOUN biht-419 129 17 purpose purpose NOUN biht-419 129 18 ) ) PUNCT biht-419 129 19 nandini nandini PROPN biht-419 129 20 k k PROPN biht-419 129 21 et et PROPN biht-419 129 22 al al PROPN biht-419 129 23 . . PROPN biht-419 129 24 expense expense NOUN biht-419 129 25 . . PUNCT biht-419 130 1 rather rather ADV biht-419 130 2 , , PUNCT biht-419 130 3 off off ADP biht-419 130 4 - - PUNCT biht-419 130 5 chain chain NOUN biht-419 130 6 storage storage NOUN biht-419 130 7 is be AUX biht-419 130 8 more more ADV biht-419 130 9 practical practical ADJ biht-419 130 10 in in ADP biht-419 130 11 dealing deal VERB biht-419 130 12 with with ADP biht-419 130 13 enormous enormous ADJ biht-419 130 14 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 130 15 datasets dataset NOUN biht-419 130 16 . . PUNCT biht-419 131 1 here here ADV biht-419 131 2 , , PUNCT biht-419 131 3 the the DET biht-419 131 4 native native ADJ biht-419 131 5 genomic genomic NOUN biht-419 131 6 data datum NOUN biht-419 131 7 are be AUX biht-419 131 8 kept keep VERB biht-419 131 9 externally externally ADV biht-419 131 10 on on ADP biht-419 131 11 decentralized decentralized ADJ biht-419 131 12 storage storage NOUN biht-419 131 13 such such ADJ biht-419 131 14 as as ADP biht-419 131 15 ipfs ipf NOUN biht-419 131 16 , , PUNCT biht-419 131 17 and and CCONJ biht-419 131 18 only only ADV biht-419 131 19 metadata metadata NOUN biht-419 131 20 , , PUNCT biht-419 131 21 cryptographic cryptographic ADJ biht-419 131 22 hashes hash NOUN biht-419 131 23 , , PUNCT biht-419 131 24 or or CCONJ biht-419 131 25 access access NOUN biht-419 131 26 control control NOUN biht-419 131 27 records record NOUN biht-419 131 28 are be AUX biht-419 131 29 kept keep VERB biht-419 131 30 on on ADP biht-419 131 31 - - PUNCT biht-419 131 32 chain chain NOUN biht-419 131 33 . . PUNCT biht-419 132 1 in in ADP biht-419 132 2 this this DET biht-419 132 3 hybrid hybrid ADJ biht-419 132 4 model model NOUN biht-419 132 5 , , PUNCT biht-419 132 6 the the DET biht-419 132 7 scalability scalability NOUN biht-419 132 8 of of ADP biht-419 132 9 ipfs ipf NOUN biht-419 132 10 and and CCONJ biht-419 132 11 the the DET biht-419 132 12 security security NOUN biht-419 132 13 and and CCONJ biht-419 132 14 auditability auditability NOUN biht-419 132 15 of of ADP biht-419 132 16 blockchain blockchain PROPN biht-419 132 17 are be AUX biht-419 132 18 utilized utilize VERB biht-419 132 19 . . PUNCT biht-419 133 1 on on ADP biht-419 133 2 the the DET biht-419 133 3 other other ADJ biht-419 133 4 hand hand NOUN biht-419 133 5 , , PUNCT biht-419 133 6 it it PRON biht-419 133 7 selects select VERB biht-419 133 8 block block NOUN biht-419 133 9 validators validator NOUN biht-419 133 10 by by ADP biht-419 133 11 pos pos NOUN biht-419 133 12 , , PUNCT biht-419 133 13 minimizing minimize VERB biht-419 133 14 computation computation NOUN biht-419 133 15 time time NOUN biht-419 133 16 and and CCONJ biht-419 133 17 providing provide VERB biht-419 133 18 less less ADJ biht-419 133 19 energy energy NOUN biht-419 133 20 consumption consumption NOUN biht-419 133 21 . . PUNCT biht-419 134 1 secure secure ADJ biht-419 134 2 chain chain NOUN biht-419 134 3 applies apply VERB biht-419 134 4 pos pos NOUN biht-419 134 5 to to PART biht-419 134 6 reduce reduce VERB biht-419 134 7 delays delay NOUN biht-419 134 8 and and CCONJ biht-419 134 9 computational computational ADJ biht-419 134 10 burden burden NOUN biht-419 134 11 . . PUNCT biht-419 135 1 algorithm algorithm NOUN biht-419 135 2 2 2 NUM biht-419 135 3 provides provide VERB biht-419 135 4 the the DET biht-419 135 5 uploading uploading NOUN biht-419 135 6 of of ADP biht-419 135 7 the the DET biht-419 135 8 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 135 9 data datum NOUN biht-419 135 10 on on ADP biht-419 135 11 a a DET biht-419 135 12 decentralized decentralized ADJ biht-419 135 13 network network NOUN biht-419 135 14 . . PUNCT biht-419 136 1 zkpb zkpb NOUN biht-419 136 2 in in ADP biht-419 136 3 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 136 4 data datum NOUN biht-419 136 5 privacy privacy NOUN biht-419 136 6 zkpb zkpb NOUN biht-419 136 7 preserve preserve VERB biht-419 136 8 privacy privacy NOUN biht-419 136 9 by by ADP biht-419 136 10 making make VERB biht-419 136 11 it it PRON biht-419 136 12 possible possible ADJ biht-419 136 13 to to PART biht-419 136 14 validate validate VERB biht-419 136 15 certain certain ADJ biht-419 136 16 genetic genetic ADJ biht-419 136 17 characteristics characteristic NOUN biht-419 136 18 or or CCONJ biht-419 136 19 computations computation NOUN biht-419 136 20 without without ADP biht-419 136 21 divulging divulge VERB biht-419 136 22 the the DET biht-419 136 23 underlying underlie VERB biht-419 136 24 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 136 25 information information NOUN biht-419 136 26 . . PUNCT biht-419 137 1 used use VERB biht-419 137 2 in in ADP biht-419 137 3 off off ADP biht-419 137 4 - - PUNCT biht-419 137 5 chain chain NOUN biht-419 137 6 storage storage NOUN biht-419 137 7 of of ADP biht-419 137 8 genomics genomic NOUN biht-419 137 9 , , PUNCT biht-419 137 10 zkpb zkpb PROPN biht-419 137 11 can can AUX biht-419 137 12 make make VERB biht-419 137 13 it it PRON biht-419 137 14 possible possible ADJ biht-419 137 15 to to PART biht-419 137 16 verify verify VERB biht-419 137 17 that that SCONJ biht-419 137 18 a a DET biht-419 137 19 certain certain ADJ biht-419 137 20 computation computation NOUN biht-419 137 21 performed perform VERB biht-419 137 22 on on ADP biht-419 137 23 the the DET biht-419 137 24 genomic genomic NOUN biht-419 137 25 data datum NOUN biht-419 137 26 is be AUX biht-419 137 27 valid valid ADJ biht-419 137 28 without without ADP biht-419 137 29 the the DET biht-419 137 30 disclosure disclosure NOUN biht-419 137 31 of of ADP biht-419 137 32 the the DET biht-419 137 33 full full ADJ biht-419 137 34 sequence sequence NOUN biht-419 137 35 . . PUNCT biht-419 138 1 the the DET biht-419 138 2 information information NOUN biht-419 138 3 stays stays AUX biht-419 138 4 safely safely ADV biht-419 138 5 stored store VERB biht-419 138 6 on on ADP biht-419 138 7 ipfs ipf NOUN biht-419 138 8 , , PUNCT biht-419 138 9 with with ADP biht-419 138 10 the the DET biht-419 138 11 blockchain blockchain PROPN biht-419 138 12 storing store VERB biht-419 138 13 the the DET biht-419 138 14 proof proof NOUN biht-419 138 15 and and CCONJ biht-419 138 16 making make VERB biht-419 138 17 it it PRON biht-419 138 18 tamper tamper VERB biht-419 138 19 - - NOUN biht-419 138 20 proof proof ADJ biht-419 138 21 . . PUNCT biht-419 139 1 this this DET biht-419 139 2 architecture architecture NOUN biht-419 139 3 enables enable VERB biht-419 139 4 secure secure ADJ biht-419 139 5 , , PUNCT biht-419 139 6 privacy privacy NOUN biht-419 139 7 - - PUNCT biht-419 139 8 preserving preserve VERB biht-419 139 9 genomic genomic NOUN biht-419 139 10 data datum NOUN biht-419 139 11 sharing sharing NOUN biht-419 139 12 and and CCONJ biht-419 139 13 computing computing NOUN biht-419 139 14 , , PUNCT biht-419 139 15 which which PRON biht-419 139 16 makes make VERB biht-419 139 17 it it PRON biht-419 139 18 well well ADV biht-419 139 19 - - PUNCT biht-419 139 20 suited suit VERB biht-419 139 21 for for ADP biht-419 139 22 research research NOUN biht-419 139 23 and and CCONJ biht-419 139 24 healthcare healthcare NOUN biht-419 139 25 use use NOUN biht-419 139 26 cases case NOUN biht-419 139 27 where where SCONJ biht-419 139 28 data datum NOUN biht-419 139 29 sensitivity sensitivity NOUN biht-419 139 30 is be AUX biht-419 139 31 critical critical ADJ biht-419 139 32 . . PUNCT biht-419 140 1 the the DET biht-419 140 2 schnorr schnorr PROPN biht-419 140 3 protocol protocol PROPN biht-419 140 4 is be AUX biht-419 140 5 an an DET biht-419 140 6 interactive interactive ADJ biht-419 140 7 zkp zkp NOUN biht-419 140 8 of of ADP biht-419 140 9 knowledge knowledge NOUN biht-419 140 10 enabling enable VERB biht-419 140 11 a a DET biht-419 140 12 prover prover NOUN biht-419 140 13 to to PART biht-419 140 14 make make VERB biht-419 140 15 a a DET biht-419 140 16 verifier verifier NOUN biht-419 140 17 believe believe VERB biht-419 140 18 that that SCONJ biht-419 140 19 they they PRON biht-419 140 20 possess possess VERB biht-419 140 21 a a DET biht-419 140 22 secret secret NOUN biht-419 140 23 ( ( PUNCT biht-419 140 24 such such ADJ biht-419 140 25 as as ADP biht-419 140 26 a a DET biht-419 140 27 private private ADJ biht-419 140 28 key key NOUN biht-419 140 29 ) ) PUNCT biht-419 140 30 without without ADP biht-419 140 31 divulging divulge VERB biht-419 140 32 the the DET biht-419 140 33 same same ADJ biht-419 140 34 . . PUNCT biht-419 141 1 for for ADP biht-419 141 2 group group NOUN biht-419 141 3 properties property NOUN biht-419 141 4 , , PUNCT biht-419 141 5 schnorr schnorr PROPN biht-419 141 6 protocol protocol PROPN biht-419 141 7 in in ADP biht-419 141 8 interactive interactive ADJ biht-419 141 9 zkps zkps PROPN biht-419 141 10 includes include VERB biht-419 141 11 front front ADJ biht-419 141 12 and and CCONJ biht-419 141 13 backend backend NOUN biht-419 141 14 communication communication NOUN biht-419 141 15 between between ADP biht-419 141 16 the the DET biht-419 141 17 prover prover NOUN biht-419 141 18 and and CCONJ biht-419 141 19 verifier verifier NOUN biht-419 141 20 to to PART biht-419 141 21 acknowledge acknowledge VERB biht-419 141 22 knowledge knowledge NOUN biht-419 141 23 without without ADP biht-419 141 24 disclosing disclose VERB biht-419 141 25 the the DET biht-419 141 26 information information NOUN biht-419 141 27 , , PUNCT biht-419 141 28 and and CCONJ biht-419 141 29 zk zk PROPN biht-419 141 30 - - NOUN biht-419 141 31 snark snark PROPN biht-419 141 32 and and CCONJ biht-419 141 33 zk zk PROPN biht-419 141 34 - - PUNCT biht-419 141 35 stark stark NOUN biht-419 141 36 are be AUX biht-419 141 37 utilized utilize VERB biht-419 141 38 to to PART biht-419 141 39 remove remove VERB biht-419 141 40 the the DET biht-419 141 41 interaction interaction NOUN biht-419 141 42 necessity necessity NOUN biht-419 141 43 . . PUNCT biht-419 142 1 the the DET biht-419 142 2 proof proof NOUN biht-419 142 3 produces produce VERB biht-419 142 4 evidence evidence NOUN biht-419 142 5 that that PRON biht-419 142 6 can can AUX biht-419 142 7 be be AUX biht-419 142 8 checked check VERB biht-419 142 9 by by ADP biht-419 142 10 anyone anyone PRON biht-419 142 11 at at ADP biht-419 142 12 any any DET biht-419 142 13 time time NOUN biht-419 142 14 , , PUNCT biht-419 142 15 making make VERB biht-419 142 16 them they PRON biht-419 142 17 much much ADV biht-419 142 18 more more ADV biht-419 142 19 effective effective ADJ biht-419 142 20 for for ADP biht-419 142 21 use use NOUN biht-419 142 22 that that PRON biht-419 142 23 demands demand VERB biht-419 142 24 a a DET biht-419 142 25 fast fast ADJ biht-419 142 26 verification verification NOUN biht-419 142 27 process process NOUN biht-419 142 28 . . PUNCT biht-419 143 1 access access NOUN biht-419 143 2 control control VERB biht-419 143 3 smart smart ADJ biht-419 143 4 contract contract NOUN biht-419 143 5 to to PART biht-419 143 6 manage manage VERB biht-419 143 7 access access NOUN biht-419 143 8 to to ADP biht-419 143 9 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 143 10 data datum NOUN biht-419 143 11 and and CCONJ biht-419 143 12 the the DET biht-419 143 13 terms term NOUN biht-419 143 14 that that PRON biht-419 143 15 govern govern VERB biht-419 143 16 access access NOUN biht-419 143 17 , , PUNCT biht-419 143 18 the the DET biht-419 143 19 system system NOUN biht-419 143 20 incorporates incorporate VERB biht-419 143 21 smart smart ADJ biht-419 143 22 contracts contract NOUN biht-419 143 23 in in ADP biht-419 143 24 python python NOUN biht-419 143 25 that that PRON biht-419 143 26 simulate simulate VERB biht-419 143 27 blockchain blockchain PROPN biht-419 143 28 - - PUNCT biht-419 143 29 native native ADJ biht-419 143 30 access access NOUN biht-419 143 31 controls control NOUN biht-419 143 32 . . PUNCT biht-419 144 1 they they PRON biht-419 144 2 are be AUX biht-419 144 3 rule rule NOUN biht-419 144 4 - - PUNCT biht-419 144 5 based base VERB biht-419 144 6 , , PUNCT biht-419 144 7 autonomous autonomous ADJ biht-419 144 8 programs program NOUN biht-419 144 9 that that PRON biht-419 144 10 apply apply VERB biht-419 144 11 predetermined predetermined ADJ biht-419 144 12 rules rule NOUN biht-419 144 13 of of ADP biht-419 144 14 access access NOUN biht-419 144 15 to to ADP biht-419 144 16 anyone anyone PRON biht-419 144 17 accessing access VERB biht-419 144 18 information information NOUN biht-419 144 19 . . PUNCT biht-419 145 1 on on ADP biht-419 145 2 access access NOUN biht-419 145 3 , , PUNCT biht-419 145 4 a a DET biht-419 145 5 smart smart ADJ biht-419 145 6 contract contract NOUN biht-419 145 7 is be AUX biht-419 145 8 triggered trigger VERB biht-419 145 9 to to PART biht-419 145 10 verify verify VERB biht-419 145 11 the the DET biht-419 145 12 user user NOUN biht-419 145 13 , , PUNCT biht-419 145 14 validate validate VERB biht-419 145 15 consent consent NOUN biht-419 145 16 rules rule NOUN biht-419 145 17 , , PUNCT biht-419 145 18 and and CCONJ biht-419 145 19 securely securely ADV biht-419 145 20 record record VERB biht-419 145 21 the the DET biht-419 145 22 access access NOUN biht-419 145 23 event event NOUN biht-419 145 24 on on ADP biht-419 145 25 the the DET biht-419 145 26 blockchain blockchain NOUN biht-419 145 27 . . PUNCT biht-419 146 1 this this PRON biht-419 146 2 leads lead VERB biht-419 146 3 to to ADP biht-419 146 4 a a DET biht-419 146 5 decentralized decentralize VERB biht-419 146 6 and and CCONJ biht-419 146 7 autonomous autonomous ADJ biht-419 146 8 one one NUM biht-419 146 9 , , PUNCT biht-419 146 10 reduces reduce VERB biht-419 146 11 the the DET biht-419 146 12 reliance reliance NOUN biht-419 146 13 on on ADP biht-419 146 14 single single ADJ biht-419 146 15 point point NOUN biht-419 146 16 failure failure NOUN biht-419 146 17 , , PUNCT biht-419 146 18 and and CCONJ biht-419 146 19 increases increase VERB biht-419 146 20 openness openness NOUN biht-419 146 21 . . PUNCT biht-419 147 1 the the DET biht-419 147 2 smart smart ADJ biht-419 147 3 contracts contract NOUN biht-419 147 4 are be AUX biht-419 147 5 defined define VERB biht-419 147 6 as as ADP biht-419 147 7 python python NOUN biht-419 147 8 classes class NOUN biht-419 147 9 , , PUNCT biht-419 147 10 with with ADP biht-419 147 11 interoperability interoperability NOUN biht-419 147 12 and and CCONJ biht-419 147 13 flexibility flexibility NOUN biht-419 147 14 in in ADP biht-419 147 15 the the DET biht-419 147 16 simulated simulated ADJ biht-419 147 17 blockchain blockchain PROPN biht-419 147 18 . . PUNCT biht-419 148 1 figure figure NOUN biht-419 148 2 2 2 NUM biht-419 148 3 illustrates illustrate VERB biht-419 148 4 a a DET biht-419 148 5 hybrid hybrid ADJ biht-419 148 6 blockchain blockchain NOUN biht-419 148 7 - - PUNCT biht-419 148 8 based base VERB biht-419 148 9 architecture architecture NOUN biht-419 148 10 designed design VERB biht-419 148 11 to to PART biht-419 148 12 enable enable VERB biht-419 148 13 privacy privacy NOUN biht-419 148 14 - - PUNCT biht-419 148 15 preserving preserve VERB biht-419 148 16 and and CCONJ biht-419 148 17 secure secure ADJ biht-419 148 18 sharing sharing NOUN biht-419 148 19 of of ADP biht-419 148 20 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 148 21 data datum NOUN biht-419 148 22 . . PUNCT biht-419 149 1 the the DET biht-419 149 2 process process NOUN biht-419 149 3 begins begin VERB biht-419 149 4 with with ADP biht-419 149 5 the the DET biht-419 149 6 registration registration NOUN biht-419 149 7 of of ADP biht-419 149 8 the the DET biht-419 149 9 user user NOUN biht-419 149 10 and and CCONJ biht-419 149 11 providing provide VERB biht-419 149 12 their their PRON biht-419 149 13 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 149 14 data datum NOUN biht-419 149 15 through through ADP biht-419 149 16 a a DET biht-419 149 17 smart smart ADJ biht-419 149 18 contract contract NOUN biht-419 149 19 , , PUNCT biht-419 149 20 which which PRON biht-419 149 21 acts act VERB biht-419 149 22 as as ADP biht-419 149 23 a a DET biht-419 149 24 bridge bridge NOUN biht-419 149 25 between between ADP biht-419 149 26 the the DET biht-419 149 27 user user NOUN biht-419 149 28 and and CCONJ biht-419 149 29 the the DET biht-419 149 30 system system NOUN biht-419 149 31 . . PUNCT biht-419 150 1 once once ADV biht-419 150 2 uploaded upload VERB biht-419 150 3 , , PUNCT biht-419 150 4 the the DET biht-419 150 5 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 150 6 data datum NOUN biht-419 150 7 are be AUX biht-419 150 8 encoded encode VERB biht-419 150 9 and and CCONJ biht-419 150 10 saved save VERB biht-419 150 11 off off ADP biht-419 150 12 - - PUNCT biht-419 150 13 chain chain NOUN biht-419 150 14 within within ADP biht-419 150 15 ipfs ipf NOUN biht-419 150 16 — — PUNCT biht-419 150 17 an an DET biht-419 150 18 off off ADP biht-419 150 19 - - PUNCT biht-419 150 20 chain chain NOUN biht-419 150 21 storage storage NOUN biht-419 150 22 system system NOUN biht-419 150 23 that that PRON biht-419 150 24 reduces reduce VERB biht-419 150 25 the the DET biht-419 150 26 blockchain blockchain PROPN biht-419 150 27 load load NOUN biht-419 150 28 and and CCONJ biht-419 150 29 allows allow VERB biht-419 150 30 for for ADP biht-419 150 31 effective effective ADJ biht-419 150 32 storage storage NOUN biht-419 150 33 of of ADP biht-419 150 34 large large ADJ biht-419 150 35 data datum NOUN biht-419 150 36 files file NOUN biht-419 150 37 . . PUNCT biht-419 151 1 meanwhile meanwhile ADV biht-419 151 2 , , PUNCT biht-419 151 3 the the DET biht-419 151 4 metadata metadata NOUN biht-419 151 5 ( ( PUNCT biht-419 151 6 e.g. e.g. ADV biht-419 151 7 data datum NOUN biht-419 151 8 hash hash NOUN biht-419 151 9 , , PUNCT biht-419 151 10 access access NOUN biht-419 151 11 rights right NOUN biht-419 151 12 , , PUNCT biht-419 151 13 and and CCONJ biht-419 151 14 ownership ownership NOUN biht-419 151 15 ) ) PUNCT biht-419 151 16 are be AUX biht-419 151 17 accessed access VERB biht-419 151 18 by by ADP biht-419 151 19 the the DET biht-419 151 20 smart smart ADJ biht-419 151 21 contract contract NOUN biht-419 151 22 and and CCONJ biht-419 151 23 stored store VERB biht-419 151 24 on on ADP biht-419 151 25 - - PUNCT biht-419 151 26 chain chain NOUN biht-419 151 27 in in ADP biht-419 151 28 a a DET biht-419 151 29 decentralized decentralize VERB biht-419 151 30 blockchain blockchain NOUN biht-419 151 31 network network NOUN biht-419 151 32 , , PUNCT biht-419 151 33 ensuring ensure VERB biht-419 151 34 transparency transparency NOUN biht-419 151 35 , , PUNCT biht-419 151 36 immutability immutability NOUN biht-419 151 37 , , PUNCT biht-419 151 38 and and CCONJ biht-419 151 39 traceability traceability NOUN biht-419 151 40 . . PUNCT biht-419 152 1 off off ADP biht-419 152 2 - - PUNCT biht-419 152 3 chain chain NOUN biht-419 152 4 data datum NOUN biht-419 152 5 storage storage NOUN biht-419 152 6 and and CCONJ biht-419 152 7 on on ADP biht-419 152 8 - - PUNCT biht-419 152 9 chain chain NOUN biht-419 152 10 metadata metadata NOUN biht-419 152 11 are be AUX biht-419 152 12 enhancing enhance VERB biht-419 152 13 data datum NOUN biht-419 152 14 privacy privacy NOUN biht-419 152 15 as as ADV biht-419 152 16 well well ADV biht-419 152 17 as as ADP biht-419 152 18 system system NOUN biht-419 152 19 scalability scalability NOUN biht-419 152 20 with with ADP biht-419 152 21 the the DET biht-419 152 22 possibility possibility NOUN biht-419 152 23 of of ADP biht-419 152 24 still still ADV biht-419 152 25 maintaining maintain VERB biht-419 152 26 a a DET biht-419 152 27 verifiable verifiable ADJ biht-419 152 28 connection connection NOUN biht-419 152 29 between between ADP biht-419 152 30 the the DET biht-419 152 31 user user NOUN biht-419 152 32 and and CCONJ biht-419 152 33 his his PRON biht-419 152 34 / / SYM biht-419 152 35 her her PRON biht-419 152 36 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 152 37 data datum NOUN biht-419 152 38 . . PUNCT biht-419 153 1 this this DET biht-419 153 2 new new ADJ biht-419 153 3 structure structure NOUN biht-419 153 4 ensures ensure VERB biht-419 153 5 that that SCONJ biht-419 153 6 genomics genomics NOUN biht-419 153 7 data datum NOUN biht-419 153 8 that that PRON biht-419 153 9 is be AUX biht-419 153 10 sensitive sensitive ADJ biht-419 153 11 is be AUX biht-419 153 12 not not PART biht-419 153 13 openly openly ADV biht-419 153 14 revealed reveal VERB biht-419 153 15 on on ADP biht-419 153 16 the the DET biht-419 153 17 blockchain blockchain NOUN biht-419 153 18 , , PUNCT biht-419 153 19 thus thus ADV biht-419 153 20 maintaining maintain VERB biht-419 153 21 the the DET biht-419 153 22 user user NOUN biht-419 153 23 ’s ’s PART biht-419 153 24 confidentiality confidentiality NOUN biht-419 153 25 but but CCONJ biht-419 153 26 having have VERB biht-419 153 27 access access NOUN biht-419 153 28 to to ADP biht-419 153 29 the the DET biht-419 153 30 most most ADV biht-419 153 31 secure secure ADJ biht-419 153 32 elements element NOUN biht-419 153 33 of of ADP biht-419 153 34 blockchain blockchain PROPN biht-419 153 35 . . PUNCT biht-419 154 1 figure figure NOUN biht-419 154 2 3 3 NUM biht-419 154 3 illustrates illustrate VERB biht-419 154 4 the the DET biht-419 154 5 safe safe ADJ biht-419 154 6 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 154 7 data datum NOUN biht-419 154 8 access access NOUN biht-419 154 9 procedure procedure NOUN biht-419 154 10 via via ADP biht-419 154 11 a a DET biht-419 154 12 blockchain blockchain NOUN biht-419 154 13 system system NOUN biht-419 154 14 combined combine VERB biht-419 154 15 with with ADP biht-419 154 16 zkp zkp NOUN biht-419 154 17 for for ADP biht-419 154 18 privacy privacy NOUN biht-419 154 19 protection protection NOUN biht-419 154 20 . . PUNCT biht-419 155 1 the the DET biht-419 155 2 procedure procedure NOUN biht-419 155 3 begins begin VERB biht-419 155 4 with with ADP biht-419 155 5 user user NOUN biht-419 155 6 login login NOUN biht-419 155 7 and and CCONJ biht-419 155 8 the the DET biht-419 155 9 smart smart ADJ biht-419 155 10 contract contract NOUN biht-419 155 11 authentication authentication NOUN biht-419 155 12 of of ADP biht-419 155 13 their their PRON biht-419 155 14 credentials credential NOUN biht-419 155 15 by by ADP biht-419 155 16 a a DET biht-419 155 17 zkp zkp NOUN biht-419 155 18 layer layer NOUN biht-419 155 19 , , PUNCT biht-419 155 20 ensuring ensure VERB biht-419 155 21 user user NOUN biht-419 155 22 legitimacy legitimacy NOUN biht-419 155 23 without without ADP biht-419 155 24 exposing expose VERB biht-419 155 25 sensitive sensitive ADJ biht-419 155 26 data datum NOUN biht-419 155 27 . . PUNCT biht-419 156 1 if if SCONJ biht-419 156 2 the the DET biht-419 156 3 user user NOUN biht-419 156 4 is be AUX biht-419 156 5 not not PART biht-419 156 6 legitimate legitimate ADJ biht-419 156 7 , , PUNCT biht-419 156 8 access access NOUN biht-419 156 9 is be AUX biht-419 156 10 rejected reject VERB biht-419 156 11 . . PUNCT biht-419 157 1 for for ADP biht-419 157 2 an an DET biht-419 157 3 authentic authentic ADJ biht-419 157 4 user user NOUN biht-419 157 5 , , PUNCT biht-419 157 6 the the DET biht-419 157 7 smart smart ADJ biht-419 157 8 contract contract NOUN biht-419 157 9 verifies verifie NOUN biht-419 157 10 their their PRON biht-419 157 11 on on ADP biht-419 157 12 - - PUNCT biht-419 157 13 chain chain NOUN biht-419 157 14 authorities authority NOUN biht-419 157 15 in in ADP biht-419 157 16 a a DET biht-419 157 17 decentralized decentralize VERB biht-419 157 18 blockchain blockchain NOUN biht-419 157 19 network network NOUN biht-419 157 20 with with ADP biht-419 157 21 security security NOUN biht-419 157 22 metadata metadata NOUN biht-419 157 23 only only ADV biht-419 157 24 . . PUNCT biht-419 158 1 in in ADP biht-419 158 2 rights right NOUN biht-419 158 3 permitted permit VERB biht-419 158 4 by by ADP biht-419 158 5 authority authority NOUN biht-419 158 6 , , PUNCT biht-419 158 7 the the DET biht-419 158 8 smart smart ADJ biht-419 158 9 contract contract NOUN biht-419 158 10 authorizes authorize VERB biht-419 158 11 access access NOUN biht-419 158 12 to to ADP biht-419 158 13 the the DET biht-419 158 14 actual actual ADJ biht-419 158 15 genomic genomic NOUN biht-419 158 16 data datum NOUN biht-419 158 17 kept keep VERB biht-419 158 18 off off ADP biht-419 158 19 - - PUNCT biht-419 158 20 chain chain NOUN biht-419 158 21 in in ADP biht-419 158 22 ipfs ipf NOUN biht-419 158 23 . . PUNCT biht-419 159 1 data datum NOUN biht-419 159 2 access access NOUN biht-419 159 3 takes take VERB biht-419 159 4 place place NOUN biht-419 159 5 in in ADP biht-419 159 6 a a DET biht-419 159 7 secure secure ADJ biht-419 159 8 chain chain NOUN biht-419 159 9 : : PUNCT biht-419 159 10 access access NOUN biht-419 159 11 metadata metadata NOUN biht-419 159 12 in in ADP biht-419 159 13 blockchain blockchain PROPN biht-419 159 14 , , PUNCT biht-419 159 15 followed follow VERB biht-419 159 16 by by ADP biht-419 159 17 access access NOUN biht-419 159 18 to to ADP biht-419 159 19 encoded encode VERB biht-419 159 20 genomic genomic NOUN biht-419 159 21 data datum NOUN biht-419 159 22 in in ADP biht-419 159 23 ipfs ipf NOUN biht-419 159 24 . . PUNCT biht-419 160 1 ultimately ultimately ADV biht-419 160 2 , , PUNCT biht-419 160 3 the the DET biht-419 160 4 authenticated authenticate VERB biht-419 160 5 data datum NOUN biht-419 160 6 are be AUX biht-419 160 7 delivered deliver VERB biht-419 160 8 by by ADP biht-419 160 9 the the DET biht-419 160 10 smart smart ADJ biht-419 160 11 contract contract NOUN biht-419 160 12 to to ADP biht-419 160 13 the the DET biht-419 160 14 user user NOUN biht-419 160 15 . . PUNCT biht-419 161 1 this this DET biht-419 161 2 design design NOUN biht-419 161 3 guarantees guarantee VERB biht-419 161 4 data datum NOUN biht-419 161 5 confidentiality confidentiality NOUN biht-419 161 6 , , PUNCT biht-419 161 7 high high ADJ biht-419 161 8 - - PUNCT biht-419 161 9 fidelity fidelity NOUN biht-419 161 10 access access NOUN biht-419 161 11 control control NOUN biht-419 161 12 , , PUNCT biht-419 161 13 and and CCONJ biht-419 161 14 integrity integrity NOUN biht-419 161 15 and and CCONJ biht-419 161 16 preserves preserve VERB biht-419 161 17 data datum NOUN biht-419 161 18 privacy privacy NOUN biht-419 161 19 using use VERB biht-419 161 20 zkp zkp NOUN biht-419 161 21 and and CCONJ biht-419 161 22 low low ADJ biht-419 161 23 - - PUNCT biht-419 161 24 cost cost NOUN biht-419 161 25 storage storage NOUN biht-419 161 26 with with ADP biht-419 161 27 off off ADP biht-419 161 28 - - PUNCT biht-419 161 29 chain chain NOUN biht-419 161 30 ipfs ipf NOUN biht-419 161 31 . . PUNCT biht-419 162 1 they they PRON biht-419 162 2 enable enable VERB biht-419 162 3 user user NOUN biht-419 162 4 registry registry NOUN biht-419 162 5 and and CCONJ biht-419 162 6 roles role NOUN biht-419 162 7 and and CCONJ biht-419 162 8 enforce enforce VERB biht-419 162 9 permission permission NOUN biht-419 162 10 levels level NOUN biht-419 162 11 based base VERB biht-419 162 12 on on ADP biht-419 162 13 context context NOUN biht-419 162 14 - - PUNCT biht-419 162 15 aware aware ADJ biht-419 162 16 attributes attribute NOUN biht-419 162 17 like like ADP biht-419 162 18 user user NOUN biht-419 162 19 identity identity NOUN biht-419 162 20 , , PUNCT biht-419 162 21 use use NOUN biht-419 162 22 purpose purpose NOUN biht-419 162 23 , , PUNCT biht-419 162 24 or or CCONJ biht-419 162 25 time time NOUN biht-419 162 26 interval interval NOUN biht-419 162 27 . . PUNCT biht-419 163 1 logging log VERB biht-419 163 2 all all DET biht-419 163 3 access access NOUN biht-419 163 4 as as ADP biht-419 163 5 an an DET biht-419 163 6 immutable immutable ADJ biht-419 163 7 transaction transaction NOUN biht-419 163 8 , , PUNCT biht-419 163 9 the the DET biht-419 163 10 system system NOUN biht-419 163 11 guarantees guarantee VERB biht-419 163 12 auditability auditability NOUN biht-419 163 13 and and CCONJ biht-419 163 14 accountability accountability NOUN biht-419 163 15 in in ADP biht-419 163 16 the the DET biht-419 163 17 high high ADJ biht-419 163 18 - - PUNCT biht-419 163 19 stakes stake NOUN biht-419 163 20 domains domain NOUN biht-419 163 21 algorithm algorithm NOUN biht-419 163 22 2 2 NUM biht-419 163 23 . . PUNCT biht-419 163 24 upload upload VERB biht-419 163 25 the the DET biht-419 163 26 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 163 27 data datum NOUN biht-419 163 28 on on ADP biht-419 163 29 a a DET biht-419 163 30 decentralized decentralized ADJ biht-419 163 31 network network NOUN biht-419 163 32 input input NOUN biht-419 163 33 : : PUNCT biht-419 163 34 new new ADJ biht-419 163 35 block block NOUN biht-419 163 36 ( ( PUNCT biht-419 163 37 nbi nbi NOUN biht-419 163 38 ) ) PUNCT biht-419 163 39 and and CCONJ biht-419 163 40 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 163 41 data datum NOUN biht-419 163 42 ( ( PUNCT biht-419 163 43 gi gi NOUN biht-419 163 44 ) ) PUNCT biht-419 163 45 output output NOUN biht-419 163 46 : : PUNCT biht-419 163 47 add add VERB biht-419 163 48 node node NOUN biht-419 163 49 to to ADP biht-419 163 50 blockchain blockchain PROPN biht-419 163 51 network network PROPN biht-419 163 52 step1 step1 PROPN biht-419 163 53 : : PUNCT biht-419 163 54 egi egi PROPN biht-419 163 55 � � PROPN biht-419 163 56 encrypt encrypt VERB biht-419 163 57 the the DET biht-419 163 58 gi gi NOUN biht-419 163 59 data datum NOUN biht-419 163 60 using use VERB biht-419 163 61 ecc ecc NOUN biht-419 163 62 and and CCONJ biht-419 163 63 add add VERB biht-419 163 64 in in ADP biht-419 163 65 ipfs ipf NOUN biht-419 163 66 , , PUNCT biht-419 163 67 take take VERB biht-419 163 68 the the DET biht-419 163 69 transaction transaction NOUN biht-419 163 70 details detail NOUN biht-419 163 71 of of ADP biht-419 163 72 the the DET biht-419 163 73 ipfs ipfs ADV biht-419 163 74 - - PUNCT biht-419 163 75 configured configure VERB biht-419 163 76 file file NOUN biht-419 163 77 . . PUNCT biht-419 164 1 step step NOUN biht-419 164 2 2 2 NUM biht-419 164 3 : : PUNCT biht-419 164 4 add add VERB biht-419 164 5 egi egi PROPN biht-419 164 6 to to ADP biht-419 164 7 the the DET biht-419 164 8 new new ADJ biht-419 164 9 block block PROPN biht-419 164 10 nbi nbi PROPN biht-419 164 11 . . PUNCT biht-419 165 1 step step NOUN biht-419 165 2 3 3 NUM biht-419 165 3 : : PUNCT biht-419 165 4 add add VERB biht-419 165 5 nbi nbi NOUN biht-419 165 6 to to ADP biht-419 165 7 the the DET biht-419 165 8 blockchain blockchain PROPN biht-419 165 9 network network NOUN biht-419 165 10 after after ADP biht-419 165 11 mining mining NOUN biht-419 165 12 using use VERB biht-419 165 13 the the DET biht-419 165 14 poc poc NOUN biht-419 165 15     SPACE biht-419 165 16 and and CCONJ biht-419 165 17 pos pos VERB biht-419 165 18 consensus consensus NOUN biht-419 165 19 mechanism mechanism NOUN biht-419 165 20 . . PUNCT biht-419 166 1 ipfs ipf NOUN biht-419 166 2 : : PUNCT biht-419 166 3 interplanetary interplanetary ADJ biht-419 166 4 file file NOUN biht-419 166 5 system system NOUN biht-419 166 6 ; ; PUNCT biht-419 166 7 poc poc NOUN biht-419 166 8 : : PUNCT biht-419 166 9 proof proof NOUN biht-419 166 10 of of ADP biht-419 166 11 concept concept NOUN biht-419 166 12 ; ; PUNCT biht-419 166 13 pos pos X biht-419 166 14 : : PUNCT biht-419 166 15 proof proof NOUN biht-419 166 16 of of ADP biht-419 166 17 stake stake NOUN biht-419 166 18 . . PUNCT biht-419 167 1 https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v8.419 https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v8.419 X biht-419 167 2 citation citation NOUN biht-419 167 3 : : PUNCT biht-419 168 1 blockchain blockchain NOUN biht-419 168 2 in in ADP biht-419 168 3 healthcare healthcare NOUN biht-419 168 4 today today NOUN biht-419 168 5 2025 2025 NUM biht-419 168 6 , , PUNCT biht-419 168 7 8 8 NUM biht-419 168 8 : : SYM biht-419 168 9 419 419 NUM biht-419 168 10 https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v8.419 https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v8.419 NUM biht-419 168 11 7 7 NUM biht-419 168 12 ( ( PUNCT biht-419 168 13 page page NOUN biht-419 168 14 number number NOUN biht-419 168 15 not not PART biht-419 168 16 for for ADP biht-419 168 17 citation citation NOUN biht-419 168 18 purpose purpose NOUN biht-419 168 19 ) ) PUNCT biht-419 168 20 blockchain blockchain PROPN biht-419 168 21 safeguarded safeguard VERB biht-419 168 22 sharing sharing NOUN biht-419 168 23 of of ADP biht-419 168 24 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 168 25 data datum NOUN biht-419 168 26 of of ADP biht-419 168 27 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 168 28 research research NOUN biht-419 168 29 and and CCONJ biht-419 168 30 personalized personalized ADJ biht-419 168 31 medicine medicine NOUN biht-419 168 32 . . PUNCT biht-419 169 1 this this DET biht-419 169 2 type type NOUN biht-419 169 3 of of ADP biht-419 169 4 exercise exercise NOUN biht-419 169 5 ensures ensure VERB biht-419 169 6 that that SCONJ biht-419 169 7 only only ADV biht-419 169 8 specially specially ADV biht-419 169 9 authorized authorize VERB biht-419 169 10 staff staff NOUN biht-419 169 11 accesses access VERB biht-419 169 12 specific specific ADJ biht-419 169 13 datasets dataset NOUN biht-419 169 14 and and CCONJ biht-419 169 15 that that SCONJ biht-419 169 16 everything everything PRON biht-419 169 17 is be AUX biht-419 169 18 logged log VERB biht-419 169 19 for for ADP biht-419 169 20 recovery recovery NOUN biht-419 169 21 or or CCONJ biht-419 169 22 verification verification NOUN biht-419 169 23 at at ADP biht-419 169 24 some some DET biht-419 169 25 point point NOUN biht-419 169 26 in in ADP biht-419 169 27 the the DET biht-419 169 28 future future NOUN biht-419 169 29 to to PART biht-419 169 30 ensure ensure VERB biht-419 169 31 compliance compliance NOUN biht-419 169 32 . . PUNCT biht-419 170 1 the the DET biht-419 170 2 combination combination NOUN biht-419 170 3 of of ADP biht-419 170 4 zkps zkps PROPN biht-419 170 5 and and CCONJ biht-419 170 6 blockchain blockchain PROPN biht-419 170 7 technology technology PROPN biht-419 170 8 holds hold VERB biht-419 170 9 great great ADJ biht-419 170 10 promise promise NOUN biht-419 170 11 in in ADP biht-419 170 12 the the DET biht-419 170 13 areas area NOUN biht-419 170 14 of of ADP biht-419 170 15 privacy privacy NOUN biht-419 170 16 , , PUNCT biht-419 170 17 security security NOUN biht-419 170 18 , , PUNCT biht-419 170 19 and and CCONJ biht-419 170 20 scalability scalability NOUN biht-419 170 21 . . PUNCT biht-419 171 1 the the DET biht-419 171 2 combination combination NOUN biht-419 171 3 also also ADV biht-419 171 4 has have VERB biht-419 171 5 some some DET biht-419 171 6 challenges challenge NOUN biht-419 171 7 that that PRON biht-419 171 8 must must AUX biht-419 171 9 be be AUX biht-419 171 10 addressed address VERB biht-419 171 11 to to PART biht-419 171 12 ensure ensure VERB biht-419 171 13 that that SCONJ biht-419 171 14 the the DET biht-419 171 15 blockchain blockchain PROPN biht-419 171 16 system system NOUN biht-419 171 17 works work VERB biht-419 171 18 as as SCONJ biht-419 171 19 expected expect VERB biht-419 171 20 . . PUNCT biht-419 172 1 the the DET biht-419 172 2 zkps zkps PROPN biht-419 172 3 require require VERB biht-419 172 4 a a DET biht-419 172 5 lot lot NOUN biht-419 172 6 of of ADP biht-419 172 7 computational computational ADJ biht-419 172 8 power power NOUN biht-419 172 9 to to PART biht-419 172 10 generate generate VERB biht-419 172 11 proofs proof NOUN biht-419 172 12 and and CCONJ biht-419 172 13 verify verify VERB biht-419 172 14 them they PRON biht-419 172 15 , , PUNCT biht-419 172 16 which which PRON biht-419 172 17 slows slow VERB biht-419 172 18 down down ADP biht-419 172 19 the the DET biht-419 172 20 transactions transaction NOUN biht-419 172 21 and and CCONJ biht-419 172 22 increases increase VERB biht-419 172 23 their their PRON biht-419 172 24 costs cost NOUN biht-419 172 25 . . PUNCT biht-419 173 1 hence hence ADV biht-419 173 2 , , PUNCT biht-419 173 3 we we PRON biht-419 173 4 have have VERB biht-419 173 5 leveraged leveraged ADJ biht-419 173 6 improvements improvement NOUN biht-419 173 7 in in ADP biht-419 173 8 cryptographic cryptographic ADJ biht-419 173 9 techniques technique NOUN biht-419 173 10 and and CCONJ biht-419 173 11 hardware hardware NOUN biht-419 173 12 optimization optimization NOUN biht-419 173 13 protocols protocol NOUN biht-419 173 14 that that PRON biht-419 173 15 will will AUX biht-419 173 16 make make VERB biht-419 173 17 zkps zkps PROPN biht-419 173 18 execute execute VERB biht-419 173 19 more more ADV biht-419 173 20 quickly quickly ADV biht-419 173 21 and and CCONJ biht-419 173 22 be be AUX biht-419 173 23 less less ADV biht-419 173 24 resource resource NOUN biht-419 173 25 - - PUNCT biht-419 173 26 intensive intensive ADJ biht-419 173 27 . . PUNCT biht-419 174 1 let let VERB biht-419 174 2 prover prover NOUN biht-419 174 3 interactive interactive ADJ biht-419 174 4 zkp zkp NOUN biht-419 174 5 on on ADP biht-419 174 6 the the DET biht-419 174 7 basis basis NOUN biht-419 174 8 of of ADP biht-419 174 9 persuade persuade ADJ biht-419 174 10 verifier verifier NOUN biht-419 174 11 that that PRON biht-419 174 12 they they PRON biht-419 174 13 have have VERB biht-419 174 14 x x X biht-419 174 15 , , PUNCT biht-419 174 16 with with ADP biht-419 174 17 the the DET biht-419 174 18 property property NOUN biht-419 174 19 that that PRON biht-419 174 20 y y PROPN biht-419 174 21 = = PROPN biht-419 174 22 gx gx PROPN biht-419 174 23 without without ADP biht-419 174 24 revealing reveal VERB biht-419 174 25 x. x. NOUN biht-419 174 26 g g PROPN biht-419 174 27 is be AUX biht-419 174 28 a a DET biht-419 174 29 cyclic cyclic ADJ biht-419 174 30 prime prime ADJ biht-419 174 31 order order NOUN biht-419 174 32 of of ADP biht-419 174 33 group group NOUN biht-419 174 34 q. q. PROPN biht-419 174 35 g g PROPN biht-419 174 36 is be AUX biht-419 174 37 a a DET biht-419 174 38 generator generator NOUN biht-419 174 39 of of ADP biht-419 174 40 g g PROPN biht-419 174 41 and and CCONJ biht-419 174 42 x x SYM biht-419 174 43 ∈ ∈ PROPN biht-419 174 44 zp zp PROPN biht-419 174 45 is be AUX biht-419 174 46 the the DET biht-419 174 47 secret secret ADJ biht-419 174 48 key key NOUN biht-419 174 49 and and CCONJ biht-419 174 50 y y PROPN biht-419 174 51 is be AUX biht-419 174 52 a a DET biht-419 174 53 public public ADJ biht-419 174 54 key key NOUN biht-419 174 55 . . PUNCT biht-419 175 1 algorithm algorithm NOUN biht-419 175 2 3 3 NUM biht-419 175 3 supports support VERB biht-419 175 4 fine fine ADV biht-419 175 5 - - PUNCT biht-419 175 6 grained grain VERB biht-419 175 7 , , PUNCT biht-419 175 8 rule rule NOUN biht-419 175 9 - - PUNCT biht-419 175 10 based base VERB biht-419 175 11 access access NOUN biht-419 175 12 control control NOUN biht-419 175 13 and and CCONJ biht-419 175 14 facilitates facilitate VERB biht-419 175 15 auditability auditability NOUN biht-419 175 16 and and CCONJ biht-419 175 17 transparency transparency NOUN biht-419 175 18 of of ADP biht-419 175 19 access access NOUN biht-419 175 20 permissions permission NOUN biht-419 175 21 . . PUNCT biht-419 176 1 apart apart ADV biht-419 176 2 from from ADP biht-419 176 3 guaranteeing guarantee VERB biht-419 176 4 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 176 5 data datum NOUN biht-419 176 6 privacy privacy NOUN biht-419 176 7 , , PUNCT biht-419 176 8 the the DET biht-419 176 9 system system NOUN biht-419 176 10 also also ADV biht-419 176 11 utilizes utilize VERB biht-419 176 12 zkp zkp NOUN biht-419 176 13 , , PUNCT biht-419 176 14 where where SCONJ biht-419 176 15 clients client NOUN biht-419 176 16 can can AUX biht-419 176 17 demonstrate demonstrate VERB biht-419 176 18 the the DET biht-419 176 19 fact fact NOUN biht-419 176 20 of of ADP biht-419 176 21 knowledge knowledge NOUN biht-419 176 22 or or CCONJ biht-419 176 23 possession possession NOUN biht-419 176 24 of of ADP biht-419 176 25 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 176 26 sequences sequence NOUN biht-419 176 27 without without ADP biht-419 176 28 showing show VERB biht-419 176 29 the the DET biht-419 176 30 information information NOUN biht-419 176 31 . . PUNCT biht-419 177 1 in in ADP biht-419 177 2 our our PRON biht-419 177 3 method method NOUN biht-419 177 4 , , PUNCT biht-419 177 5 the the DET biht-419 177 6 genome genome NOUN biht-419 177 7 sequence sequence NOUN biht-419 177 8 is be AUX biht-419 177 9 safely safely ADV biht-419 177 10 stored store VERB biht-419 177 11 in in ADP biht-419 177 12 place place NOUN biht-419 177 13 as as ADP biht-419 177 14 a a DET biht-419 177 15 cryptographic cryptographic ADJ biht-419 177 16 hash hash NOUN biht-419 177 17 , , PUNCT biht-419 177 18 and and CCONJ biht-419 177 19 individuals individual NOUN biht-419 177 20 may may AUX biht-419 177 21 establish establish VERB biht-419 177 22 their their PRON biht-419 177 23 rights right NOUN biht-419 177 24 of of ADP biht-419 177 25 access access NOUN biht-419 177 26 or or CCONJ biht-419 177 27 ownership ownership NOUN biht-419 177 28 of of ADP biht-419 177 29 information information NOUN biht-419 177 30 through through ADP biht-419 177 31 cryptographic cryptographic ADJ biht-419 177 32 proof proof NOUN biht-419 177 33 , , PUNCT biht-419 177 34 which which PRON biht-419 177 35 is be AUX biht-419 177 36 generated generate VERB biht-419 177 37 based base VERB biht-419 177 38 on on ADP biht-419 177 39 ecc ecc PROPN biht-419 177 40 . . PUNCT biht-419 178 1 the the DET biht-419 178 2 process process NOUN biht-419 178 3 preserves preserve VERB biht-419 178 4 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 178 5 data datum NOUN biht-419 178 6 in in ADP biht-419 178 7 secret secret ADJ biht-419 178 8 and and CCONJ biht-419 178 9 never never ADV biht-419 178 10 leaks leak NOUN biht-419 178 11 in in ADP biht-419 178 12 the the DET biht-419 178 13 course course NOUN biht-419 178 14 of of ADP biht-419 178 15 verification verification NOUN biht-419 178 16 processes process NOUN biht-419 178 17 , , PUNCT biht-419 178 18 and and CCONJ biht-419 178 19 it it PRON biht-419 178 20 resolves resolve VERB biht-419 178 21 one one NUM biht-419 178 22 of of ADP biht-419 178 23 the the DET biht-419 178 24 greatest great ADJ biht-419 178 25 issues issue NOUN biht-419 178 26 of of ADP biht-419 178 27 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 178 28 data datum NOUN biht-419 178 29 privacy privacy NOUN biht-419 178 30 . . PUNCT biht-419 179 1 the the DET biht-419 179 2 zkps zkps PROPN biht-419 179 3 are be AUX biht-419 179 4 especially especially ADV biht-419 179 5 useful useful ADJ biht-419 179 6 where where SCONJ biht-419 179 7 anonymity anonymity NOUN biht-419 179 8 to to ADP biht-419 179 9 the the DET biht-419 179 10 user user NOUN biht-419 179 11 and and CCONJ biht-419 179 12 compliance compliance NOUN biht-419 179 13 with with ADP biht-419 179 14 regulation regulation NOUN biht-419 179 15 are be AUX biht-419 179 16 of of ADP biht-419 179 17 greatest great ADJ biht-419 179 18 concern concern NOUN biht-419 179 19 . . PUNCT biht-419 180 1 involvement involvement NOUN biht-419 180 2 of of ADP biht-419 180 3 a a DET biht-419 180 4 patient patient NOUN biht-419 180 5 in in ADP biht-419 180 6 a a DET biht-419 180 7 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 180 8 study study NOUN biht-419 180 9 can can AUX biht-419 180 10 be be AUX biht-419 180 11 ensured ensure VERB biht-419 180 12 to to PART biht-419 180 13 be be AUX biht-419 180 14 admissible admissible ADJ biht-419 180 15 or or CCONJ biht-419 180 16 a a DET biht-419 180 17 history history NOUN biht-419 180 18 of of ADP biht-419 180 19 consent consent NOUN biht-419 180 20 without without ADP biht-419 180 21 rendering render VERB biht-419 180 22 it it PRON biht-419 180 23 revealed reveal VERB biht-419 180 24 personal personal ADJ biht-419 180 25 health health NOUN biht-419 180 26 information information NOUN biht-419 180 27 . . PUNCT biht-419 181 1 in in ADP biht-419 181 2 ecc ecc PROPN biht-419 181 3 , , PUNCT biht-419 181 4 it it PRON biht-419 181 5 is be AUX biht-419 181 6 ensured ensure VERB biht-419 181 7 that that SCONJ biht-419 181 8 such such ADJ biht-419 181 9 protocols protocol NOUN biht-419 181 10 are be AUX biht-419 181 11 rendered render VERB biht-419 181 12 computationally computationally ADV biht-419 181 13 secure secure ADJ biht-419 181 14 and and CCONJ biht-419 181 15 trustworthy trustworthy ADJ biht-419 181 16 even even ADV biht-419 181 17 with with ADP biht-419 181 18 large large ADJ biht-419 181 19 genomic genomic NOUN biht-419 181 20 databases database NOUN biht-419 181 21 . . PUNCT biht-419 182 1 the the DET biht-419 182 2 zkp zkp NOUN biht-419 182 3 on on ADP biht-419 182 4 the the DET biht-419 182 5 blockchain blockchain PROPN biht-419 182 6 environment environment PROPN biht-419 182 7 ensures ensure VERB biht-419 182 8 an an DET biht-419 182 9 environment environment NOUN biht-419 182 10 of of ADP biht-419 182 11 trustworthy trustworthy ADJ biht-419 182 12 , , PUNCT biht-419 182 13 privacy privacy NOUN biht-419 182 14 - - PUNCT biht-419 182 15 protected protect VERB biht-419 182 16 algorithm algorithm NOUN biht-419 182 17 3 3 NUM biht-419 182 18 . . PUNCT biht-419 182 19 rule rule NOUN biht-419 182 20 - - PUNCT biht-419 182 21 based base VERB biht-419 182 22 access access NOUN biht-419 182 23 control control VERB biht-419 182 24 smart smart ADJ biht-419 182 25 contract contract NOUN biht-419 182 26 step1 step1 PROPN biht-419 182 27 : : PUNCT biht-419 182 28 if if SCONJ biht-419 182 29 useri useri PROPN biht-419 182 30 ∈ ∈ PROPN biht-419 182 31 authorizedj authorizedj NOUN biht-419 182 32 then then ADV biht-419 182 33 granted grant VERB biht-419 182 34 > > PUNCT biht-419 182 35 accessij accessij NOUN biht-419 182 36 else else ADV biht-419 182 37 denied deny VERB biht-419 182 38 where where SCONJ biht-419 182 39 authorizedj authorizedj PROPN biht-419 182 40 = = PUNCT biht-419 182 41 set set NOUN biht-419 182 42 of of ADP biht-419 182 43 authorized authorize VERB biht-419 182 44 users user NOUN biht-419 182 45 of of ADP biht-419 182 46 dataset dataset NOUN biht-419 182 47 j j PROPN biht-419 182 48 fig fig NOUN biht-419 182 49 . . PUNCT biht-419 183 1 2 2 X biht-419 183 2 . . X biht-419 183 3 hybrid hybrid ADJ biht-419 183 4 blockchain blockchain PROPN biht-419 183 5 architecture architecture NOUN biht-419 183 6 for for ADP biht-419 183 7 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 183 8 data datum NOUN biht-419 183 9 storage storage NOUN biht-419 183 10 using use VERB biht-419 183 11 ipfs ipf NOUN biht-419 183 12 ( ( PUNCT biht-419 183 13 interplanetary interplanetary ADJ biht-419 183 14 file file NOUN biht-419 183 15 system system NOUN biht-419 183 16 ) ) PUNCT biht-419 183 17 . . PUNCT biht-419 184 1 https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v8.419 https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v8.419 X biht-419 184 2 citation citation NOUN biht-419 184 3 : : PUNCT biht-419 185 1 blockchain blockchain NOUN biht-419 185 2 in in ADP biht-419 185 3 healthcare healthcare NOUN biht-419 185 4 today today NOUN biht-419 185 5 2025 2025 NUM biht-419 185 6 , , PUNCT biht-419 185 7 8 8 NUM biht-419 185 8 : : SYM biht-419 185 9 419 419 NUM biht-419 185 10 https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v8.4198 https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v8.4198 NOUN biht-419 185 11 ( ( PUNCT biht-419 185 12 page page NOUN biht-419 185 13 number number NOUN biht-419 185 14 not not PART biht-419 185 15 for for ADP biht-419 185 16 citation citation NOUN biht-419 185 17 purpose purpose NOUN biht-419 185 18 ) ) PUNCT biht-419 185 19 nandini nandini PROPN biht-419 185 20 k k PROPN biht-419 185 21 et et PROPN biht-419 185 22 al al PROPN biht-419 185 23 . . PUNCT biht-419 185 24 channels channel NOUN biht-419 185 25 by by ADP biht-419 185 26 which which PRON biht-419 185 27 information information NOUN biht-419 185 28 can can AUX biht-419 185 29 be be AUX biht-419 185 30 securely securely ADV biht-419 185 31 validated validate VERB biht-419 185 32 and and CCONJ biht-419 185 33 accessed access VERB biht-419 185 34 without without ADP biht-419 185 35 encroaching encroach VERB biht-419 185 36 on on ADP biht-419 185 37 user user NOUN biht-419 185 38 anonymity anonymity NOUN biht-419 185 39 . . PUNCT biht-419 186 1 smart smart ADJ biht-419 186 2 contracts contract NOUN biht-419 186 3 , , PUNCT biht-419 186 4 zkp zkp NOUN biht-419 186 5 , , PUNCT biht-419 186 6 and and CCONJ biht-419 186 7 blockchain blockchain PROPN biht-419 186 8 combined combine VERB biht-419 186 9 provide provide VERB biht-419 186 10 a a DET biht-419 186 11 safe safe ADJ biht-419 186 12 , , PUNCT biht-419 186 13 transparent transparent ADJ biht-419 186 14 , , PUNCT biht-419 186 15 and and CCONJ biht-419 186 16 privacy privacy NOUN biht-419 186 17 - - PUNCT biht-419 186 18 protected protect VERB biht-419 186 19 environment environment NOUN biht-419 186 20 for for ADP biht-419 186 21 the the DET biht-419 186 22 management management NOUN biht-419 186 23 of of ADP biht-419 186 24 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 186 25 information information NOUN biht-419 186 26 that that PRON biht-419 186 27 is be AUX biht-419 186 28 secure secure ADJ biht-419 186 29 . . PUNCT biht-419 187 1 verification verification NOUN biht-419 187 2 and and CCONJ biht-419 187 3 key key ADJ biht-419 187 4 generation generation NOUN biht-419 187 5 1 1 NUM biht-419 187 6 . . PUNCT biht-419 188 1 public public ADJ biht-419 188 2 key key ADJ biht-419 188 3 generation generation NOUN biht-419 188 4 : : PUNCT biht-419 189 1 p p X biht-419 189 2 = = PUNCT biht-419 189 3 k k X biht-419 189 4 · · PUNCT biht-419 189 5 g g ADP biht-419 189 6 where where SCONJ biht-419 189 7 : : PUNCT biht-419 189 8 k k X biht-419 189 9 = = PUNCT biht-419 189 10 private private ADJ biht-419 189 11 key key ADJ biht-419 189 12 ( ( PUNCT biht-419 189 13 random random ADJ biht-419 189 14 integer integer NOUN biht-419 189 15 ) ) PUNCT biht-419 189 16 g g NOUN biht-419 189 17 = = SYM biht-419 189 18 generator generator NOUN biht-419 189 19 point point NOUN biht-419 189 20 on on ADP biht-419 189 21 elliptic elliptic ADJ biht-419 189 22 curve curve NOUN biht-419 189 23 p p NOUN biht-419 189 24 = = ADJ biht-419 189 25 public public ADJ biht-419 189 26 key key ADJ biht-419 189 27 2 2 NUM biht-419 189 28 . . PUNCT biht-419 189 29 verification verification NOUN biht-419 189 30 : : PUNCT biht-419 189 31 sha256 sha256 PROPN biht-419 189 32 ( ( PUNCT biht-419 189 33 gtest gtest NOUN biht-419 189 34 ) ) PUNCT biht-419 189 35 = = SYM biht-419 189 36 sha256 sha256 PROPN biht-419 189 37 ( ( PUNCT biht-419 189 38 goriginal goriginal PROPN biht-419 189 39 ) ) PUNCT biht-419 189 40 k k NOUN biht-419 189 41 · · PUNCT biht-419 190 1 g g NOUN biht-419 190 2 = = SYM biht-419 190 3 p p NOUN biht-419 190 4 guarantees guarantee VERB biht-419 190 5 confidentiality confidentiality NOUN biht-419 190 6 of of ADP biht-419 190 7 data datum NOUN biht-419 190 8 during during ADP biht-419 190 9 validation validation NOUN biht-419 190 10 or or CCONJ biht-419 190 11 authentication authentication NOUN biht-419 190 12 . . PUNCT biht-419 191 1 it it PRON biht-419 191 2 also also ADV biht-419 191 3 avoids avoid VERB biht-419 191 4 exposure exposure NOUN biht-419 191 5 of of ADP biht-419 191 6 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 191 7 data datum NOUN biht-419 191 8 in in ADP biht-419 191 9 verification verification NOUN biht-419 191 10 operations operation NOUN biht-419 191 11 . . PUNCT biht-419 192 1 the the DET biht-419 192 2 zkp zkp NOUN biht-419 192 3 proves prove VERB biht-419 192 4 to to ADP biht-419 192 5 the the DET biht-419 192 6 verifier verifier NOUN biht-419 192 7 that that PRON biht-419 192 8 a a DET biht-419 192 9 statement statement NOUN biht-419 192 10 is be AUX biht-419 192 11 true true ADJ biht-419 192 12 without without ADP biht-419 192 13 revealing reveal VERB biht-419 192 14 any any DET biht-419 192 15 information information NOUN biht-419 192 16 beyond beyond ADP biht-419 192 17 the the DET biht-419 192 18 validity validity NOUN biht-419 192 19 of of ADP biht-419 192 20 the the DET biht-419 192 21 statement statement NOUN biht-419 192 22 itself itself PRON biht-419 192 23 . . PUNCT biht-419 193 1 the the DET biht-419 193 2 zkp zkp NOUN biht-419 193 3 breaks break VERB biht-419 193 4 down down ADP biht-419 193 5 into into ADP biht-419 193 6 layers layer NOUN biht-419 193 7 ; ; PUNCT biht-419 193 8 to to PART biht-419 193 9 evaluate evaluate VERB biht-419 193 10 the the DET biht-419 193 11 effectiveness effectiveness NOUN biht-419 193 12 and and CCONJ biht-419 193 13 efficiency efficiency NOUN biht-419 193 14 of of ADP biht-419 193 15 our our PRON biht-419 193 16 combined combined ADJ biht-419 193 17 cryptographic cryptographic ADJ biht-419 193 18 system system NOUN biht-419 193 19 , , PUNCT biht-419 193 20 we we PRON biht-419 193 21 create create VERB biht-419 193 22 and and CCONJ biht-419 193 23 compare compare VERB biht-419 193 24 key key ADJ biht-419 193 25 performance performance NOUN biht-419 193 26 indicators indicator NOUN biht-419 193 27 through through ADP biht-419 193 28 graphical graphical ADJ biht-419 193 29 plots plot NOUN biht-419 193 30 . . PUNCT biht-419 194 1 each each DET biht-419 194 2 graph graph NOUN biht-419 194 3 showcases showcase VERB biht-419 194 4 comparative comparative ADJ biht-419 194 5 strengths strength NOUN biht-419 194 6 within within ADP biht-419 194 7 the the DET biht-419 194 8 four four NUM biht-419 194 9 cryptographic cryptographic ADJ biht-419 194 10 levels level NOUN biht-419 194 11 : : PUNCT biht-419 195 1 blockchain blockchain NOUN biht-419 195 2 , , PUNCT biht-419 195 3 smart smart ADJ biht-419 195 4 contracts contract NOUN biht-419 195 5 , , PUNCT biht-419 195 6 ecc ecc NOUN biht-419 195 7 hash hash NOUN biht-419 195 8 , , PUNCT biht-419 195 9 and and CCONJ biht-419 195 10 zkpb zkpb NOUN biht-419 195 11 . . PUNCT biht-419 196 1 query query PROPN biht-419 196 2 time time PROPN biht-419 196 3 comparison comparison NOUN biht-419 196 4 the the DET biht-419 196 5 response response NOUN biht-419 196 6 time time NOUN biht-419 196 7 of of ADP biht-419 196 8 the the DET biht-419 196 9 query query NOUN biht-419 196 10 is be AUX biht-419 196 11 being be AUX biht-419 196 12 compared compare VERB biht-419 196 13 in in ADP biht-419 196 14 milliseconds millisecond NOUN biht-419 196 15 with with ADP biht-419 196 16 four four NUM biht-419 196 17 technologies technology NOUN biht-419 196 18 : : PUNCT biht-419 196 19 zkpb zkpb NUM biht-419 196 20 , , PUNCT biht-419 196 21 smart smart ADJ biht-419 196 22 contracts contract NOUN biht-419 196 23 , , PUNCT biht-419 196 24 ecc ecc NOUN biht-419 196 25 hash hash NOUN biht-419 196 26 , , PUNCT biht-419 196 27 and and CCONJ biht-419 196 28 blockchain blockchain PROPN biht-419 196 29 . . PROPN biht-419 196 30 zkpb zkpb PROPN biht-419 196 31 performs perform VERB biht-419 196 32 the the DET biht-419 196 33 best good ADJ biht-419 196 34 , , PUNCT biht-419 196 35 as as SCONJ biht-419 196 36 they they PRON biht-419 196 37 run run VERB biht-419 196 38 in in ADP biht-419 196 39 constant constant ADJ biht-419 196 40 time time NOUN biht-419 196 41 without without ADP biht-419 196 42 traveling travel VERB biht-419 196 43 or or CCONJ biht-419 196 44 directly directly ADV biht-419 196 45 accessing access VERB biht-419 196 46 data datum NOUN biht-419 196 47 . . PUNCT biht-419 197 1 this this PRON biht-419 197 2 makes make VERB biht-419 197 3 zkpb zkpb NOUN biht-419 197 4 extremely extremely ADV biht-419 197 5 efficient efficient ADJ biht-419 197 6 for for ADP biht-419 197 7 real real ADJ biht-419 197 8 - - PUNCT biht-419 197 9 time time NOUN biht-419 197 10 verification verification NOUN biht-419 197 11 use use NOUN biht-419 197 12 cases case NOUN biht-419 197 13 . . PUNCT biht-419 198 1 smart smart ADJ biht-419 198 2 contracts contract NOUN biht-419 198 3 , , PUNCT biht-419 198 4 however however ADV biht-419 198 5 , , PUNCT biht-419 198 6 have have VERB biht-419 198 7 a a DET biht-419 198 8 medium medium ADJ biht-419 198 9 response response NOUN biht-419 198 10 time time NOUN biht-419 198 11 because because SCONJ biht-419 198 12 they they PRON biht-419 198 13 need need VERB biht-419 198 14 to to PART biht-419 198 15 run run VERB biht-419 198 16 identity identity NOUN biht-419 198 17 checking checking NOUN biht-419 198 18 and and CCONJ biht-419 198 19 conditional conditional ADJ biht-419 198 20 access access NOUN biht-419 198 21 logic logic NOUN biht-419 198 22 , , PUNCT biht-419 198 23 which which PRON biht-419 198 24 fig fig NOUN biht-419 198 25 . . PUNCT biht-419 199 1 3 3 X biht-419 199 2 . . X biht-419 199 3 privacy privacy NOUN biht-419 199 4 - - PUNCT biht-419 199 5 preserving preserve VERB biht-419 199 6 genomic genomic NOUN biht-419 199 7 data datum NOUN biht-419 199 8 access access NOUN biht-419 199 9 with with ADP biht-419 199 10 blockchain blockchain PROPN biht-419 199 11 and and CCONJ biht-419 199 12 zero zero NUM biht-419 199 13 - - PUNCT biht-419 199 14 knowledge knowledge NOUN biht-419 199 15 proofs proof NOUN biht-419 199 16 . . PUNCT biht-419 200 1 https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v8.419 https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v8.419 X biht-419 200 2 citation citation NOUN biht-419 200 3 : : PUNCT biht-419 201 1 blockchain blockchain NOUN biht-419 201 2 in in ADP biht-419 201 3 healthcare healthcare NOUN biht-419 201 4 today today NOUN biht-419 201 5 2025 2025 NUM biht-419 201 6 , , PUNCT biht-419 201 7 8 8 NUM biht-419 201 8 : : SYM biht-419 201 9 419 419 NUM biht-419 201 10 https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v8.419 https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v8.419 NUM biht-419 201 11 9 9 NUM biht-419 201 12 ( ( PUNCT biht-419 201 13 page page NOUN biht-419 201 14 number number NOUN biht-419 201 15 not not PART biht-419 201 16 for for ADP biht-419 201 17 citation citation NOUN biht-419 201 18 purpose purpose NOUN biht-419 201 19 ) ) PUNCT biht-419 201 20 blockchain blockchain PROPN biht-419 201 21 safeguarded safeguard VERB biht-419 201 22 sharing sharing NOUN biht-419 201 23 of of ADP biht-419 201 24 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 201 25 data datum NOUN biht-419 201 26 consumes consume NOUN biht-419 201 27 time time NOUN biht-419 201 28 . . PUNCT biht-419 202 1 blockchain blockchain PROPN biht-419 202 2 , , PUNCT biht-419 202 3 as as ADP biht-419 202 4 very very ADV biht-419 202 5 secure secure ADJ biht-419 202 6 , , PUNCT biht-419 202 7 takes take VERB biht-419 202 8 the the DET biht-419 202 9 longest long ADJ biht-419 202 10 response response NOUN biht-419 202 11 time time NOUN biht-419 202 12 , , PUNCT biht-419 202 13 as as SCONJ biht-419 202 14 serially serially ADV biht-419 202 15 trawling trawl VERB biht-419 202 16 through through ADP biht-419 202 17 blocks block NOUN biht-419 202 18 to to PART biht-419 202 19 look look VERB biht-419 202 20 for for ADP biht-419 202 21 relevant relevant ADJ biht-419 202 22 data datum NOUN biht-419 202 23 is be AUX biht-419 202 24 required require VERB biht-419 202 25 . . PUNCT biht-419 203 1 zkpb zkpb NOUN biht-419 203 2 provides provide VERB biht-419 203 3 virtually virtually ADV biht-419 203 4 instant instant ADJ biht-419 203 5 verification verification NOUN biht-419 203 6 and and CCONJ biht-419 203 7 is be AUX biht-419 203 8 well well ADV biht-419 203 9 - - PUNCT biht-419 203 10 suited suited ADJ biht-419 203 11 to to ADP biht-419 203 12 where where SCONJ biht-419 203 13 speed speed NOUN biht-419 203 14 matters matter NOUN biht-419 203 15 , , PUNCT biht-419 203 16 whereas whereas SCONJ biht-419 203 17 blockchain blockchain NOUN biht-419 203 18 immutability immutability NOUN biht-419 203 19 comes come VERB biht-419 203 20 at at ADP biht-419 203 21 a a DET biht-419 203 22 latency latency NOUN biht-419 203 23 cost cost NOUN biht-419 203 24 due due ADP biht-419 203 25 to to ADP biht-419 203 26 sequential sequential ADJ biht-419 203 27 lookup lookup NOUN biht-419 203 28 . . PUNCT biht-419 204 1 security security NOUN biht-419 204 2 level level NOUN biht-419 204 3 comparison comparison NOUN biht-419 204 4 the the DET biht-419 204 5 metric metric ADJ biht-419 204 6 employed employ VERB biht-419 204 7 here here ADV biht-419 204 8 is be AUX biht-419 204 9 a a DET biht-419 204 10 composite composite ADJ biht-419 204 11 security security NOUN biht-419 204 12 score score NOUN biht-419 204 13 , , PUNCT biht-419 204 14 rated rate VERB biht-419 204 15 qualitatively qualitatively ADV biht-419 204 16 on on ADP biht-419 204 17 three three NUM biht-419 204 18 security security NOUN biht-419 204 19 fundamentals fundamental NOUN biht-419 204 20 : : PUNCT biht-419 204 21 integrity integrity NOUN biht-419 204 22 , , PUNCT biht-419 204 23 confidentiality confidentiality NOUN biht-419 204 24 , , PUNCT biht-419 204 25 and and CCONJ biht-419 204 26 resistance resistance NOUN biht-419 204 27 to to ADP biht-419 204 28 tampering tamper VERB biht-419 204 29 . . PUNCT biht-419 205 1 zkpb zkpb NOUN biht-419 205 2 are be AUX biht-419 205 3 the the DET biht-419 205 4 highest high ADJ biht-419 205 5 on on ADP biht-419 205 6 privacy privacy NOUN biht-419 205 7 since since SCONJ biht-419 205 8 they they PRON biht-419 205 9 demonstrate demonstrate VERB biht-419 205 10 knowledge knowledge NOUN biht-419 205 11 without without ADP biht-419 205 12 exposing expose VERB biht-419 205 13 underlying underlying ADJ biht-419 205 14 data datum NOUN biht-419 205 15 , , PUNCT biht-419 205 16 thus thus ADV biht-419 205 17 giving give VERB biht-419 205 18 full full ADJ biht-419 205 19 privacy privacy NOUN biht-419 205 20 . . PUNCT biht-419 206 1 blockchain blockchain PROPN biht-419 206 2 is be AUX biht-419 206 3 highest high ADJ biht-419 206 4 on on ADP biht-419 206 5 data datum NOUN biht-419 206 6 integrity integrity NOUN biht-419 206 7 through through ADP biht-419 206 8 the the DET biht-419 206 9 use use NOUN biht-419 206 10 of of ADP biht-419 206 11 blockchain blockchain NOUN biht-419 206 12 immutability immutability NOUN biht-419 206 13 to to PART biht-419 206 14 avoid avoid VERB biht-419 206 15 any any DET biht-419 206 16 tampering tampering NOUN biht-419 206 17 or or CCONJ biht-419 206 18 unauthorized unauthorized ADJ biht-419 206 19 tampering tampering NOUN biht-419 206 20 . . PUNCT biht-419 207 1 smart smart ADJ biht-419 207 2 contracts contract NOUN biht-419 207 3 are be AUX biht-419 207 4 very very ADV biht-419 207 5 useful useful ADJ biht-419 207 6 to to PART biht-419 207 7 apply apply VERB biht-419 207 8 conditional conditional ADJ biht-419 207 9 access access NOUN biht-419 207 10 control control NOUN biht-419 207 11 and and CCONJ biht-419 207 12 allow allow VERB biht-419 207 13 rulebased rulebase VERB biht-419 207 14 permissions permission NOUN biht-419 207 15 , , PUNCT biht-419 207 16 in in ADP biht-419 207 17 addition addition NOUN biht-419 207 18 to to ADP biht-419 207 19 ensuring ensure VERB biht-419 207 20 only only ADV biht-419 207 21 approved approve VERB biht-419 207 22 actions action NOUN biht-419 207 23 are be AUX biht-419 207 24 carried carry VERB biht-419 207 25 out out ADP biht-419 207 26 . . PUNCT biht-419 208 1 each each PRON biht-419 208 2 of of ADP biht-419 208 3 the the DET biht-419 208 4 three three NUM biht-419 208 5 technologies technology NOUN biht-419 208 6 handles handle VERB biht-419 208 7 one one NUM biht-419 208 8 aspect aspect NOUN biht-419 208 9 of of ADP biht-419 208 10 security security NOUN biht-419 208 11 , , PUNCT biht-419 208 12 and and CCONJ biht-419 208 13 this this PRON biht-419 208 14 explains explain VERB biht-419 208 15 the the DET biht-419 208 16 effectiveness effectiveness NOUN biht-419 208 17 of of ADP biht-419 208 18 the the DET biht-419 208 19 integration integration NOUN biht-419 208 20 of of ADP biht-419 208 21 the the DET biht-419 208 22 three three NUM biht-419 208 23 in in ADP biht-419 208 24 a a DET biht-419 208 25 single single ADJ biht-419 208 26 system system NOUN biht-419 208 27 to to PART biht-419 208 28 ensure ensure VERB biht-419 208 29 end end NOUN biht-419 208 30 - - PUNCT biht-419 208 31 to to ADP biht-419 208 32 - - PUNCT biht-419 208 33 end end NOUN biht-419 208 34 security security NOUN biht-419 208 35 . . PUNCT biht-419 209 1 computational computational ADJ biht-419 209 2 complexity complexity NOUN biht-419 209 3 the the DET biht-419 209 4 measurement measurement NOUN biht-419 209 5 is be AUX biht-419 209 6 relevant relevant ADJ biht-419 209 7 to to ADP biht-419 209 8 computational computational ADJ biht-419 209 9 complexity complexity NOUN biht-419 209 10 for for ADP biht-419 209 11 the the DET biht-419 209 12 purpose purpose NOUN biht-419 209 13 of of ADP biht-419 209 14 big big ADJ biht-419 209 15 - - PUNCT biht-419 209 16 o o NOUN biht-419 209 17 notation notation NOUN biht-419 209 18 . . PUNCT biht-419 210 1 zkpb zkpb NOUN biht-419 210 2 are be AUX biht-419 210 3 o(1 o(1 NOUN biht-419 210 4 ) ) PUNCT biht-419 210 5 , , PUNCT biht-419 210 6 having have VERB biht-419 210 7 constant constant ADJ biht-419 210 8 - - PUNCT biht-419 210 9 time time NOUN biht-419 210 10 crypto crypto NOUN biht-419 210 11 verification verification NOUN biht-419 210 12 that that PRON biht-419 210 13 is be AUX biht-419 210 14 computationally computationally ADV biht-419 210 15 lightweight lightweight ADJ biht-419 210 16 even even ADV biht-419 210 17 with with ADP biht-419 210 18 increasing increase VERB biht-419 210 19 data datum NOUN biht-419 210 20 size size NOUN biht-419 210 21 . . PUNCT biht-419 211 1 this this PRON biht-419 211 2 is be AUX biht-419 211 3 partially partially ADV biht-419 211 4 because because SCONJ biht-419 211 5 they they PRON biht-419 211 6 are be AUX biht-419 211 7 ecc ecc PROPN biht-419 211 8 , , PUNCT biht-419 211 9 which which PRON biht-419 211 10 is be AUX biht-419 211 11 secure secure ADJ biht-419 211 12 and and CCONJ biht-419 211 13 efficient efficient ADJ biht-419 211 14 . . PUNCT biht-419 212 1 blockchain blockchain NOUN biht-419 212 2 transactions transaction NOUN biht-419 212 3 are be AUX biht-419 212 4 o(n o(n NUM biht-419 212 5 ) ) PUNCT biht-419 212 6 , , PUNCT biht-419 212 7 where where SCONJ biht-419 212 8 n n PRON biht-419 212 9 is be AUX biht-419 212 10 the the DET biht-419 212 11 number number NOUN biht-419 212 12 of of ADP biht-419 212 13 blocks block NOUN biht-419 212 14 , , PUNCT biht-419 212 15 because because SCONJ biht-419 212 16 finding find VERB biht-419 212 17 the the DET biht-419 212 18 ledger ledger NOUN biht-419 212 19 involves involve VERB biht-419 212 20 sequential sequential ADJ biht-419 212 21 block block NOUN biht-419 212 22 searches search NOUN biht-419 212 23 . . PUNCT biht-419 213 1 smart smart ADJ biht-419 213 2 contracts contract NOUN biht-419 213 3 are be AUX biht-419 213 4 of of ADP biht-419 213 5 complexity complexity NOUN biht-419 213 6 o(m o(m PROPN biht-419 213 7 ) ) PUNCT biht-419 213 8 , , PUNCT biht-419 213 9 where where SCONJ biht-419 213 10 m m NOUN biht-419 213 11 is be AUX biht-419 213 12 user user NOUN biht-419 213 13 or or CCONJ biht-419 213 14 access access NOUN biht-419 213 15 control control NOUN biht-419 213 16 list list NOUN biht-419 213 17 size size NOUN biht-419 213 18 , , PUNCT biht-419 213 19 because because SCONJ biht-419 213 20 contract contract NOUN biht-419 213 21 logic logic NOUN biht-419 213 22 must must AUX biht-419 213 23 verify verify VERB biht-419 213 24 each each DET biht-419 213 25 entry entry NOUN biht-419 213 26 for for ADP biht-419 213 27 permission permission NOUN biht-419 213 28 . . PUNCT biht-419 214 1 zkpb zkpb NOUN biht-419 214 2 offer offer VERB biht-419 214 3 constant constant ADJ biht-419 214 4 - - PUNCT biht-419 214 5 time time NOUN biht-419 214 6 complexity complexity NOUN biht-419 214 7 , , PUNCT biht-419 214 8 leading lead VERB biht-419 214 9 to to ADP biht-419 214 10 improved improved ADJ biht-419 214 11 performance performance NOUN biht-419 214 12 , , PUNCT biht-419 214 13 while while SCONJ biht-419 214 14 blockchain blockchain NOUN biht-419 214 15 and and CCONJ biht-419 214 16 smart smart ADJ biht-419 214 17 contracts contract NOUN biht-419 214 18 scale scale NOUN biht-419 214 19 linearly linearly ADV biht-419 214 20 , , PUNCT biht-419 214 21 according accord VERB biht-419 214 22 to to ADP biht-419 214 23 data datum NOUN biht-419 214 24 volume volume NOUN biht-419 214 25 and and CCONJ biht-419 214 26 the the DET biht-419 214 27 size size NOUN biht-419 214 28 of of ADP biht-419 214 29 the the DET biht-419 214 30 list list NOUN biht-419 214 31 of of ADP biht-419 214 32 users user NOUN biht-419 214 33 , , PUNCT biht-419 214 34 respectively respectively ADV biht-419 214 35 . . PUNCT biht-419 215 1 elliptic elliptic ADJ biht-419 215 2 curve curve NOUN biht-419 215 3 visualization visualization NOUN biht-419 215 4 in in ADP biht-419 215 5 zkp zkp NOUN biht-419 215 6 this this DET biht-419 215 7 diagram diagram NOUN biht-419 215 8 charts chart NOUN biht-419 215 9 ecc ecc PROPN biht-419 215 10 points point NOUN biht-419 215 11 , , PUNCT biht-419 215 12 highlighting highlight VERB biht-419 215 13 the the DET biht-419 215 14 correlation correlation NOUN biht-419 215 15 between between ADP biht-419 215 16 public public ADJ biht-419 215 17 and and CCONJ biht-419 215 18 private private ADJ biht-419 215 19 keys key NOUN biht-419 215 20 used use VERB biht-419 215 21 in in ADP biht-419 215 22 zkp zkp PROPN biht-419 215 23 protocols protocol NOUN biht-419 215 24 . . PUNCT biht-419 216 1 there there PRON biht-419 216 2 are be VERB biht-419 216 3 two two NUM biht-419 216 4 sets set NOUN biht-419 216 5 of of ADP biht-419 216 6 points point NOUN biht-419 216 7 in in ADP biht-419 216 8 the the DET biht-419 216 9 scatter scatter NOUN biht-419 216 10 plot plot NOUN biht-419 216 11 : : PUNCT biht-419 216 12 figure figure NOUN biht-419 216 13 4 4 NUM biht-419 216 14 , , PUNCT biht-419 216 15 prover prover NOUN biht-419 216 16 keys key NOUN biht-419 216 17 are be AUX biht-419 216 18 marked mark VERB biht-419 216 19 by by ADP biht-419 216 20 blue blue ADJ biht-419 216 21 points point NOUN biht-419 216 22 , , PUNCT biht-419 216 23 which which PRON biht-419 216 24 are be AUX biht-419 216 25 computed compute VERB biht-419 216 26 based base VERB biht-419 216 27 on on ADP biht-419 216 28 private private ADJ biht-419 216 29 key key ADJ biht-419 216 30 values value NOUN biht-419 216 31 , , PUNCT biht-419 216 32 and and CCONJ biht-419 216 33 verifier verifier NOUN biht-419 216 34 keys key NOUN biht-419 216 35 are be AUX biht-419 216 36 marked mark VERB biht-419 216 37 by by ADP biht-419 216 38 red red ADJ biht-419 216 39 points point NOUN biht-419 216 40 , , PUNCT biht-419 216 41 computed compute VERB biht-419 216 42 using use VERB biht-419 216 43 their their PRON biht-419 216 44 respective respective ADJ biht-419 216 45 public public ADJ biht-419 216 46 values value NOUN biht-419 216 47 . . PUNCT biht-419 217 1 the the DET biht-419 217 2 curve curve NOUN biht-419 217 3 is be AUX biht-419 217 4 employed employ VERB biht-419 217 5 graphically graphically ADV biht-419 217 6 to to PART biht-419 217 7 demonstrate demonstrate VERB biht-419 217 8 the the DET biht-419 217 9 asymmetry asymmetry NOUN biht-419 217 10 and and CCONJ biht-419 217 11 non non ADJ biht-419 217 12 - - NOUN biht-419 217 13 reversibility reversibility NOUN biht-419 217 14 of of ADP biht-419 217 15 ecc ecc PROPN biht-419 217 16 operations operation NOUN biht-419 217 17 ; ; PUNCT biht-419 217 18 that that PRON biht-419 217 19 is be AUX biht-419 217 20 , , PUNCT biht-419 217 21 although although SCONJ biht-419 217 22 it it PRON biht-419 217 23 is be AUX biht-419 217 24 computationally computationally ADV biht-419 217 25 easy easy ADJ biht-419 217 26 to to PART biht-419 217 27 calculate calculate VERB biht-419 217 28 a a DET biht-419 217 29 public public ADJ biht-419 217 30 key key NOUN biht-419 217 31 from from ADP biht-419 217 32 a a DET biht-419 217 33 private private ADJ biht-419 217 34 key key NOUN biht-419 217 35 , , PUNCT biht-419 217 36 its its PRON biht-419 217 37 reverse reverse NOUN biht-419 217 38 can can AUX biht-419 217 39 not not PART biht-419 217 40 be be AUX biht-419 217 41 performed perform VERB biht-419 217 42 , , PUNCT biht-419 217 43 the the DET biht-419 217 44 source source NOUN biht-419 217 45 of of ADP biht-419 217 46 which which PRON biht-419 217 47 is be AUX biht-419 217 48 cryptographic cryptographic ADJ biht-419 217 49 security security NOUN biht-419 217 50 . . PUNCT biht-419 218 1 this this DET biht-419 218 2 mapping mapping NOUN biht-419 218 3 helps help VERB biht-419 218 4 the the DET biht-419 218 5 zkp zkp NOUN biht-419 218 6 process process NOUN biht-419 218 7 by by ADP biht-419 218 8 demonstrating demonstrate VERB biht-419 218 9 how how SCONJ biht-419 218 10 knowing know VERB biht-419 218 11 a a DET biht-419 218 12 private private ADJ biht-419 218 13 key key NOUN biht-419 218 14 ( ( PUNCT biht-419 218 15 or or CCONJ biht-419 218 16 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 218 17 data datum NOUN biht-419 218 18 hash hash NOUN biht-419 218 19 ) ) PUNCT biht-419 218 20 can can AUX biht-419 218 21 be be AUX biht-419 218 22 demonstrated demonstrate VERB biht-419 218 23 by by ADP biht-419 218 24 a a DET biht-419 218 25 prover prover NOUN biht-419 218 26 without without ADP biht-419 218 27 revealing reveal VERB biht-419 218 28 it it PRON biht-419 218 29 . . PUNCT biht-419 219 1 figure figure VERB biht-419 219 2 5 5 NUM biht-419 219 3 presents present VERB biht-419 219 4 a a DET biht-419 219 5 clear clear ADJ biht-419 219 6 and and CCONJ biht-419 219 7 intuitive intuitive ADJ biht-419 219 8 illustration illustration NOUN biht-419 219 9 of of ADP biht-419 219 10 the the DET biht-419 219 11 mathematically mathematically ADV biht-419 219 12 sound sound ADJ biht-419 219 13 nature nature NOUN biht-419 219 14 of of ADP biht-419 219 15 ecc ecc PROPN biht-419 219 16 and and CCONJ biht-419 219 17 serves serve VERB biht-419 219 18 to to PART biht-419 219 19 illustrate illustrate VERB biht-419 219 20 the the DET biht-419 219 21 zkp zkp NOUN biht-419 219 22 proof proof NOUN biht-419 219 23 verification verification NOUN biht-419 219 24 flow flow NOUN biht-419 219 25 , , PUNCT biht-419 219 26 enhancing enhance VERB biht-419 219 27 the the DET biht-419 219 28 point point NOUN biht-419 219 29 that that SCONJ biht-419 219 30 the the DET biht-419 219 31 private private ADJ biht-419 219 32 keys key NOUN biht-419 219 33 are be AUX biht-419 219 34 never never ADV biht-419 219 35 disclosed disclose VERB biht-419 219 36 , , PUNCT biht-419 219 37 not not PART biht-419 219 38 even even ADV biht-419 219 39 during during ADP biht-419 219 40 proof proof ADJ biht-419 219 41 generation generation NOUN biht-419 219 42 or or CCONJ biht-419 219 43 verification verification NOUN biht-419 219 44 . . PUNCT biht-419 220 1 prototype prototype NOUN biht-419 220 2 implementation implementation NOUN biht-419 220 3 and and CCONJ biht-419 220 4 evaluation evaluation NOUN biht-419 220 5 we we PRON biht-419 220 6 designed design VERB biht-419 220 7 a a DET biht-419 220 8 poc poc NOUN biht-419 220 9 implementation implementation NOUN biht-419 220 10 in in ADP biht-419 220 11 python python NOUN biht-419 220 12 to to PART biht-419 220 13 test test VERB biht-419 220 14 the the DET biht-419 220 15 proposed propose VERB biht-419 220 16 blockchain blockchain PROPN biht-419 220 17 - - PUNCT biht-419 220 18 based base VERB biht-419 220 19 design design NOUN biht-419 220 20 for for ADP biht-419 220 21 secure secure ADJ biht-419 220 22 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 220 23 data datum NOUN biht-419 220 24 sharing sharing NOUN biht-419 220 25 . . PUNCT biht-419 221 1 our our PRON biht-419 221 2 poc poc ADJ biht-419 221 3 implementation implementation NOUN biht-419 221 4 includes include VERB biht-419 221 5 an an DET biht-419 221 6 on on ADP biht-419 221 7 - - PUNCT biht-419 221 8 premise premise NOUN biht-419 221 9 blockchain blockchain NOUN biht-419 221 10 ledger ledger NOUN biht-419 221 11 with with ADP biht-419 221 12 proof proof NOUN biht-419 221 13 - - PUNCT biht-419 221 14 of of ADP biht-419 221 15 - - PUNCT biht-419 221 16 stake stake NOUN biht-419 221 17 consensus consensus NOUN biht-419 221 18 , , PUNCT biht-419 221 19 rule rule NOUN biht-419 221 20 - - PUNCT biht-419 221 21 based base VERB biht-419 221 22 smart smart ADJ biht-419 221 23 contracts contract NOUN biht-419 221 24 , , PUNCT biht-419 221 25 ecc ecc X biht-419 221 26 for for ADP biht-419 221 27 hybrid hybrid ADJ biht-419 221 28 encryption encryption NOUN biht-419 221 29 , , PUNCT biht-419 221 30 and and CCONJ biht-419 221 31 zkps zkps PROPN biht-419 221 32 on on ADP biht-419 221 33 interactive interactive ADJ biht-419 221 34 schnorr schnorr NOUN biht-419 221 35 protocols protocol NOUN biht-419 221 36 . . PUNCT biht-419 222 1 fig fig NOUN biht-419 222 2 . . PUNCT biht-419 223 1 4 4 X biht-419 223 2 . . X biht-419 223 3 elliptic elliptic ADJ biht-419 223 4 curve curve NOUN biht-419 223 5 cryptographic cryptographic ADJ biht-419 223 6 ( ( PUNCT biht-419 223 7 ecc ecc NOUN biht-419 223 8 ) ) PUNCT biht-419 223 9 points point NOUN biht-419 223 10 in in ADP biht-419 223 11 zkp zkp PROPN biht-419 223 12 protocols protocol NOUN biht-419 223 13 . . PUNCT biht-419 224 1 https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v8.419 https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v8.419 X biht-419 224 2 citation citation NOUN biht-419 224 3 : : PUNCT biht-419 225 1 blockchain blockchain NOUN biht-419 225 2 in in ADP biht-419 225 3 healthcare healthcare NOUN biht-419 225 4 today today NOUN biht-419 225 5 2025 2025 NUM biht-419 225 6 , , PUNCT biht-419 225 7 8 8 NUM biht-419 225 8 : : SYM biht-419 225 9 419 419 NUM biht-419 225 10 https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v8.41910 https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v8.41910 NOUN biht-419 225 11 ( ( PUNCT biht-419 225 12 page page NOUN biht-419 225 13 number number NOUN biht-419 225 14 not not PART biht-419 225 15 for for ADP biht-419 225 16 citation citation NOUN biht-419 225 17 purpose purpose NOUN biht-419 225 18 ) ) PUNCT biht-419 225 19 nandini nandini PROPN biht-419 225 20 k k PROPN biht-419 225 21 et et PROPN biht-419 225 22 al al PROPN biht-419 225 23 . . PUNCT biht-419 226 1 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 226 2 data datum NOUN biht-419 226 3 were be AUX biht-419 226 4 stored store VERB biht-419 226 5 off off ADP biht-419 226 6 - - PUNCT biht-419 226 7 chain chain NOUN biht-419 226 8 in in ADP biht-419 226 9 a a DET biht-419 226 10 replicated replicate VERB biht-419 226 11 ipfs ipf NOUN biht-419 226 12 and and CCONJ biht-419 226 13 only only ADV biht-419 226 14 metadata metadata NOUN biht-419 226 15 such such ADJ biht-419 226 16 as as ADP biht-419 226 17 content content NOUN biht-419 226 18 hashes hash NOUN biht-419 226 19 and and CCONJ biht-419 226 20 ownership ownership NOUN biht-419 226 21 recorded record VERB biht-419 226 22 on on ADP biht-419 226 23 - - PUNCT biht-419 226 24 chain chain NOUN biht-419 226 25 . . PUNCT biht-419 227 1 the the DET biht-419 227 2 data datum NOUN biht-419 227 3 set set VERB biht-419 227 4 consisted consist VERB biht-419 227 5 of of ADP biht-419 227 6 10 10 NUM biht-419 227 7 program program NOUN biht-419 227 8 - - PUNCT biht-419 227 9 generated generate VERB biht-419 227 10 synthetic synthetic ADJ biht-419 227 11 dna dna NOUN biht-419 227 12 strands strand NOUN biht-419 227 13 of of ADP biht-419 227 14 length length NOUN biht-419 227 15 1,000 1,000 NUM biht-419 227 16 each each PRON biht-419 227 17 , , PUNCT biht-419 227 18 which which PRON biht-419 227 19 were be AUX biht-419 227 20 parsed parse VERB biht-419 227 21 using use VERB biht-419 227 22 biopython biopython PROPN biht-419 227 23 to to PART biht-419 227 24 make make VERB biht-419 227 25 sure sure ADJ biht-419 227 26 no no DET biht-419 227 27 patient patient ADJ biht-419 227 28 data datum NOUN biht-419 227 29 were be AUX biht-419 227 30 utilized utilize VERB biht-419 227 31 . . PUNCT biht-419 228 1 to to PART biht-419 228 2 verify verify VERB biht-419 228 3 system system NOUN biht-419 228 4 functionality functionality NOUN biht-419 228 5 and and CCONJ biht-419 228 6 reliability reliability NOUN biht-419 228 7 , , PUNCT biht-419 228 8 we we PRON biht-419 228 9 performed perform VERB biht-419 228 10 100 100 NUM biht-419 228 11 iterative iterative NOUN biht-419 228 12 access access NOUN biht-419 228 13 tests test NOUN biht-419 228 14 for for ADP biht-419 228 15 each each DET biht-419 228 16 component component NOUN biht-419 228 17 with with ADP biht-419 228 18 10 10 NUM biht-419 228 19 % % NOUN biht-419 228 20 failure failure NOUN biht-419 228 21 modes mode NOUN biht-419 228 22 including include VERB biht-419 228 23 unauthorized unauthorized ADJ biht-419 228 24 access access NOUN biht-419 228 25 , , PUNCT biht-419 228 26 invalid invalid ADJ biht-419 228 27 proof proof NOUN biht-419 228 28 , , PUNCT biht-419 228 29 and and CCONJ biht-419 228 30 simulated simulate VERB biht-419 228 31 decryption decryption NOUN biht-419 228 32 keys key NOUN biht-419 228 33 . . PUNCT biht-419 229 1 performance performance NOUN biht-419 229 2 metrics metric NOUN biht-419 229 3 included include VERB biht-419 229 4 query query NOUN biht-419 229 5 response response NOUN biht-419 229 6 time time NOUN biht-419 229 7 in in ADP biht-419 229 8 milliseconds millisecond NOUN biht-419 229 9 , , PUNCT biht-419 229 10 correctness correctness NOUN biht-419 229 11 of of ADP biht-419 229 12 verification verification NOUN biht-419 229 13 , , PUNCT biht-419 229 14 and and CCONJ biht-419 229 15 qualitative qualitative ADJ biht-419 229 16 security security NOUN biht-419 229 17 decision decision NOUN biht-419 229 18 , , PUNCT biht-419 229 19 measured measure VERB biht-419 229 20 using use VERB biht-419 229 21 high high ADJ biht-419 229 22 - - PUNCT biht-419 229 23 precision precision NOUN biht-419 229 24 timing timing NOUN biht-419 229 25 . . PUNCT biht-419 230 1 the the DET biht-419 230 2 prototype prototype NOUN biht-419 230 3 was be AUX biht-419 230 4 implemented implement VERB biht-419 230 5 and and CCONJ biht-419 230 6 results result NOUN biht-419 230 7 are be AUX biht-419 230 8 reported report VERB biht-419 230 9 as as ADP biht-419 230 10 means mean NOUN biht-419 230 11 over over ADP biht-419 230 12 100 100 NUM biht-419 230 13 runs run NOUN biht-419 230 14 , , PUNCT biht-419 230 15 showing show VERB biht-419 230 16 the the DET biht-419 230 17 effectiveness effectiveness NOUN biht-419 230 18 and and CCONJ biht-419 230 19 usability usability NOUN biht-419 230 20 of of ADP biht-419 230 21 the the DET biht-419 230 22 presented present VERB biht-419 230 23 framework framework NOUN biht-419 230 24 to to PART biht-419 230 25 facilitate facilitate VERB biht-419 230 26 secure secure ADJ biht-419 230 27 sharing sharing NOUN biht-419 230 28 of of ADP biht-419 230 29 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 230 30 data datum NOUN biht-419 230 31 . . PUNCT biht-419 231 1 results result NOUN biht-419 231 2 and and CCONJ biht-419 231 3 discussion discussion VERB biht-419 231 4 the the DET biht-419 231 5 system system NOUN biht-419 231 6 ’s ’s PART biht-419 231 7 security security NOUN biht-419 231 8 , , PUNCT biht-419 231 9 performance performance NOUN biht-419 231 10 , , PUNCT biht-419 231 11 and and CCONJ biht-419 231 12 computation computation NOUN biht-419 231 13 speed speed NOUN biht-419 231 14 were be AUX biht-419 231 15 measured measure VERB biht-419 231 16 via via ADP biht-419 231 17 four four NUM biht-419 231 18 comparative comparative ADJ biht-419 231 19 charts chart NOUN biht-419 231 20 that that PRON biht-419 231 21 test test VERB biht-419 231 22 the the DET biht-419 231 23 vital vital ADJ biht-419 231 24 attribute attribute NOUN biht-419 231 25 of of ADP biht-419 231 26 techniques technique NOUN biht-419 231 27 used use VERB biht-419 231 28 : : PUNCT biht-419 231 29 ecc ecc PROPN biht-419 231 30 hashing hashing NOUN biht-419 231 31 , , PUNCT biht-419 231 32 blockchain blockchain NOUN biht-419 231 33 , , PUNCT biht-419 231 34 smart smart ADJ biht-419 231 35 contracts contract NOUN biht-419 231 36 , , PUNCT biht-419 231 37 and and CCONJ biht-419 231 38 zkpb zkpb NOUN biht-419 231 39 comparisons comparison NOUN biht-419 231 40 aid aid NOUN biht-419 231 41 in in ADP biht-419 231 42 making make VERB biht-419 231 43 a a DET biht-419 231 44 decision decision NOUN biht-419 231 45 of of ADP biht-419 231 46 merit merit NOUN biht-419 231 47 and and CCONJ biht-419 231 48 trade trade NOUN biht-419 231 49 - - PUNCT biht-419 231 50 offs off NOUN biht-419 231 51 on on ADP biht-419 231 52 each each DET biht-419 231 53 component component NOUN biht-419 231 54 included include VERB biht-419 231 55 in in ADP biht-419 231 56 our our PRON biht-419 231 57 synthetic synthetic ADJ biht-419 231 58 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 231 59 data datum NOUN biht-419 231 60 protection protection NOUN biht-419 231 61 system system NOUN biht-419 231 62 . . PUNCT biht-419 232 1 security security NOUN biht-419 232 2 level level NOUN biht-419 232 3 comparison comparison NOUN biht-419 232 4 figure figure NOUN biht-419 232 5 6 6 NUM biht-419 232 6 , , PUNCT biht-419 232 7 a a DET biht-419 232 8 bar bar NOUN biht-419 232 9 chart chart NOUN biht-419 232 10 , , PUNCT biht-419 232 11 depicts depict VERB biht-419 232 12 a a DET biht-419 232 13 composite composite ADJ biht-419 232 14 security security NOUN biht-419 232 15 score score NOUN biht-419 232 16 ( ( PUNCT biht-419 232 17 1–10 1–10 NOUN biht-419 232 18 qualitative qualitative ADJ biht-419 232 19 scale scale NOUN biht-419 232 20 ) ) PUNCT biht-419 232 21 for for ADP biht-419 232 22 each each DET biht-419 232 23 technology technology NOUN biht-419 232 24 . . PUNCT biht-419 233 1 zkps zkps PROPN biht-419 233 2 attained attain VERB biht-419 233 3 the the DET biht-419 233 4 highest high ADJ biht-419 233 5 ( ( PUNCT biht-419 233 6 9/10 9/10 NUM biht-419 233 7 ) ) PUNCT biht-419 233 8 since since SCONJ biht-419 233 9 they they PRON biht-419 233 10 can can AUX biht-419 233 11 prove prove VERB biht-419 233 12 without without ADP biht-419 233 13 revealing reveal VERB biht-419 233 14 underlying underlying ADJ biht-419 233 15 information information NOUN biht-419 233 16 , , PUNCT biht-419 233 17 yielding yield VERB biht-419 233 18 unmatched unmatched ADJ biht-419 233 19 confidentiality confidentiality NOUN biht-419 233 20 . . PUNCT biht-419 234 1 blockchain blockchain PROPN biht-419 234 2 ranked rank VERB biht-419 234 3 second second ADV biht-419 234 4 ( ( PUNCT biht-419 234 5 8/10 8/10 NUM biht-419 234 6 ) ) PUNCT biht-419 234 7 due due ADP biht-419 234 8 to to ADP biht-419 234 9 its its PRON biht-419 234 10 tamper tamper ADV biht-419 234 11 - - PUNCT biht-419 234 12 evident evident ADJ biht-419 234 13 , , PUNCT biht-419 234 14 unmodifiable unmodifiable ADJ biht-419 234 15 ledger ledger NOUN biht-419 234 16 , , PUNCT biht-419 234 17 which which PRON biht-419 234 18 is be AUX biht-419 234 19 critical critical ADJ biht-419 234 20 for for ADP biht-419 234 21 data datum NOUN biht-419 234 22 integrity integrity NOUN biht-419 234 23 . . PUNCT biht-419 235 1 smart smart ADJ biht-419 235 2 contracts contract NOUN biht-419 235 3 were be AUX biht-419 235 4 given give VERB biht-419 235 5 ( ( PUNCT biht-419 235 6 7/10 7/10 NUM biht-419 235 7 ) ) PUNCT biht-419 235 8 for for ADP biht-419 235 9 efficient efficient ADJ biht-419 235 10 rule rule NOUN biht-419 235 11 - - PUNCT biht-419 235 12 based base VERB biht-419 235 13 access access NOUN biht-419 235 14 control control NOUN biht-419 235 15 , , PUNCT biht-419 235 16 where where SCONJ biht-419 235 17 sensitive sensitive ADJ biht-419 235 18 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 235 19 information information NOUN biht-419 235 20 is be AUX biht-419 235 21 accessible accessible ADJ biht-419 235 22 only only ADV biht-419 235 23 to to ADP biht-419 235 24 permitted permit VERB biht-419 235 25 users user NOUN biht-419 235 26 . . PUNCT biht-419 236 1 ecc ecc PROPN biht-419 236 2 hash hash NOUN biht-419 236 3 functions function NOUN biht-419 236 4 were be AUX biht-419 236 5 given give VERB biht-419 236 6 a a DET biht-419 236 7 rating rating NOUN biht-419 236 8 of of ADP biht-419 236 9 6/10 6/10 NUM biht-419 236 10 , , PUNCT biht-419 236 11 providing provide VERB biht-419 236 12 cryptographic cryptographic ADJ biht-419 236 13 integrity integrity NOUN biht-419 236 14 but but CCONJ biht-419 236 15 weak weak ADJ biht-419 236 16 privacy privacy NOUN biht-419 236 17 when when SCONJ biht-419 236 18 used use VERB biht-419 236 19 alone alone ADV biht-419 236 20 . . PUNCT biht-419 237 1 verification verification NOUN biht-419 237 2 accuracy accuracy NOUN biht-419 237 3 a a DET biht-419 237 4 sample sample NOUN biht-419 237 5 of of ADP biht-419 237 6 verification verification NOUN biht-419 237 7 accuracy accuracy NOUN biht-419 237 8 of of ADP biht-419 237 9 100 100 NUM biht-419 237 10 iterations iteration NOUN biht-419 237 11 is be AUX biht-419 237 12 shown show VERB biht-419 237 13 in in ADP biht-419 237 14 figure figure NOUN biht-419 237 15 7 7 NUM biht-419 237 16 . . PUNCT biht-419 238 1 all all DET biht-419 238 2 solutions solution NOUN biht-419 238 3 such such ADJ biht-419 238 4 as as ADP biht-419 238 5 zkpb zkpb NOUN biht-419 238 6 , , PUNCT biht-419 238 7 smart smart ADJ biht-419 238 8 contracts contract NOUN biht-419 238 9 , , PUNCT biht-419 238 10 blockchain blockchain NOUN biht-419 238 11 , , PUNCT biht-419 238 12 and and CCONJ biht-419 238 13 ecc ecc PROPN biht-419 238 14 achieved achieve VERB biht-419 238 15 90.00 90.00 NUM biht-419 238 16 % % NOUN biht-419 238 17 accuracy accuracy NOUN biht-419 238 18 , , PUNCT biht-419 238 19 which which PRON biht-419 238 20 shows show VERB biht-419 238 21 good good ADJ biht-419 238 22 performance performance NOUN biht-419 238 23 with with ADP biht-419 238 24 10 10 NUM biht-419 238 25 % % NOUN biht-419 238 26 failure failure NOUN biht-419 238 27 cases case NOUN biht-419 238 28 due due ADJ biht-419 238 29 to to ADP biht-419 238 30 invalid invalid ADJ biht-419 238 31 proofs proof NOUN biht-419 238 32 , , PUNCT biht-419 238 33 unauthorized unauthorized ADJ biht-419 238 34 access access NOUN biht-419 238 35 , , PUNCT biht-419 238 36 wrong wrong ADJ biht-419 238 37 keys key NOUN biht-419 238 38 on on ADP biht-419 238 39 the the DET biht-419 238 40 our our PRON biht-419 238 41 synthetic synthetic ADJ biht-419 238 42 data datum NOUN biht-419 238 43 set set VERB biht-419 238 44 . . PUNCT biht-419 239 1 zkpb zkpb NOUN biht-419 239 2 accuracy accuracy NOUN biht-419 239 3 arises arise VERB biht-419 239 4 from from ADP biht-419 239 5 mathematically mathematically ADV biht-419 239 6 valid valid ADJ biht-419 239 7 schnorr schnorr NOUN biht-419 239 8 proofs proof NOUN biht-419 239 9 , , PUNCT biht-419 239 10 while while SCONJ biht-419 239 11 accuracy accuracy NOUN biht-419 239 12 in in ADP biht-419 239 13 smart smart ADJ biht-419 239 14 contracts contract NOUN biht-419 239 15 and and CCONJ biht-419 239 16 blockchain blockchain PROPN biht-419 239 17 arises arise VERB biht-419 239 18 from from ADP biht-419 239 19 valid valid ADJ biht-419 239 20 access access NOUN biht-419 239 21 control control NOUN biht-419 239 22 and and CCONJ biht-419 239 23 block block NOUN biht-419 239 24 searching searching NOUN biht-419 239 25 . . PUNCT biht-419 240 1 ecc ecc PROPN biht-419 240 2 correctness correctness NOUN biht-419 240 3 was be AUX biht-419 240 4 slightly slightly ADV biht-419 240 5 impacted impact VERB biht-419 240 6 by by ADP biht-419 240 7 fundamental fundamental ADJ biht-419 240 8 mismatches mismatch NOUN biht-419 240 9 in in ADP biht-419 240 10 failure failure NOUN biht-419 240 11 cases case NOUN biht-419 240 12 , , PUNCT biht-419 240 13 fig fig NOUN biht-419 240 14 . . PUNCT biht-419 241 1 5 5 NUM biht-419 241 2 . . X biht-419 241 3 elliptic elliptic ADJ biht-419 241 4 curve curve NOUN biht-419 241 5 visualization visualization NOUN biht-419 241 6 for for ADP biht-419 241 7 zkpb zkpb PROPN biht-419 241 8 . . PUNCT biht-419 241 9 fig fig PROPN biht-419 241 10 . . PUNCT biht-419 242 1 6 6 NUM biht-419 242 2 . . X biht-419 242 3 comparison comparison NOUN biht-419 242 4 of of ADP biht-419 242 5 security security NOUN biht-419 242 6 levels level NOUN biht-419 242 7 of of ADP biht-419 242 8 cryptography cryptography NOUN biht-419 242 9 methods method NOUN biht-419 242 10 . . PUNCT biht-419 243 1 zkpb zkpb NOUN biht-419 243 2 : : PUNCT biht-419 243 3 zero zero NUM biht-419 243 4 - - PUNCT biht-419 243 5 knowledge knowledge NOUN biht-419 243 6 proof proof NOUN biht-419 243 7 blockchain blockchain PROPN biht-419 243 8 ; ; PUNCT biht-419 243 9 ecc ecc PROPN biht-419 243 10 : : PUNCT biht-419 243 11 elliptic elliptic ADJ biht-419 243 12 curve curve NOUN biht-419 243 13 cryptography cryptography NOUN biht-419 243 14 . . PUNCT biht-419 244 1 https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v8.419 https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v8.419 X biht-419 244 2 citation citation NOUN biht-419 244 3 : : PUNCT biht-419 245 1 blockchain blockchain NOUN biht-419 245 2 in in ADP biht-419 245 3 healthcare healthcare NOUN biht-419 245 4 today today NOUN biht-419 245 5 2025 2025 NUM biht-419 245 6 , , PUNCT biht-419 245 7 8 8 NUM biht-419 245 8 : : SYM biht-419 245 9 419 419 NUM biht-419 245 10 https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v8.419 https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v8.419 NUM biht-419 245 11 11 11 NUM biht-419 245 12 ( ( PUNCT biht-419 245 13 page page NOUN biht-419 245 14 number number NOUN biht-419 245 15 not not PART biht-419 245 16 for for ADP biht-419 245 17 citation citation NOUN biht-419 245 18 purpose purpose NOUN biht-419 245 19 ) ) PUNCT biht-419 245 20 blockchain blockchain PROPN biht-419 245 21 safeguarded safeguard VERB biht-419 245 22 sharing sharing NOUN biht-419 245 23 of of ADP biht-419 245 24 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 245 25 data datum NOUN biht-419 245 26 which which PRON biht-419 245 27 aligns align VERB biht-419 245 28 with with ADP biht-419 245 29 the the DET biht-419 245 30 safe safe ADJ biht-419 245 31 key key ADJ biht-419 245 32 management management NOUN biht-419 245 33 observation observation NOUN biht-419 245 34 cited cite VERB biht-419 245 35 in in ADP biht-419 245 36 the the DET biht-419 245 37 original original ADJ biht-419 245 38 analysis analysis NOUN biht-419 245 39 . . PUNCT biht-419 246 1 computational computational ADJ biht-419 246 2 complexity complexity NOUN biht-419 246 3 figure figure NOUN biht-419 246 4 8 8 NUM biht-419 246 5 presents present NOUN biht-419 246 6 relative relative ADJ biht-419 246 7 computational computational ADJ biht-419 246 8 overhead overhead NOUN biht-419 246 9 ( ( PUNCT biht-419 246 10 1 1 NUM biht-419 246 11 = = SYM biht-419 246 12 low low ADJ biht-419 246 13 , , PUNCT biht-419 246 14 3 3 NUM biht-419 246 15 = = SYM biht-419 246 16 high high ADJ biht-419 246 17 ) ) PUNCT biht-419 246 18 . . PUNCT biht-419 247 1 both both DET biht-419 247 2 zkpb zkpb NOUN biht-419 247 3 and and CCONJ biht-419 247 4 ecc ecc PROPN biht-419 247 5 are be AUX biht-419 247 6 low low ADJ biht-419 247 7 complexity complexity NOUN biht-419 247 8 ( ( PUNCT biht-419 247 9 1 1 X biht-419 247 10 ) ) PUNCT biht-419 247 11 using use VERB biht-419 247 12 constant constant ADJ biht-419 247 13 - - PUNCT biht-419 247 14 time time NOUN biht-419 247 15 cryptography cryptography NOUN biht-419 247 16 despite despite SCONJ biht-419 247 17 zkpb zkpb NOUN biht-419 247 18 ’s ’s PART biht-419 247 19 computationally computationally ADV biht-419 247 20 heavy heavy ADJ biht-419 247 21 proof proof ADJ biht-419 247 22 creation creation NOUN biht-419 247 23 . . PUNCT biht-419 248 1 smart smart ADJ biht-419 248 2 contracts contract NOUN biht-419 248 3 are be AUX biht-419 248 4 medium medium ADJ biht-419 248 5 complexity complexity NOUN biht-419 248 6 ( ( PUNCT biht-419 248 7 2 2 X biht-419 248 8 ) ) PUNCT biht-419 248 9 using use VERB biht-419 248 10 access access NOUN biht-419 248 11 list list NOUN biht-419 248 12 checks check NOUN biht-419 248 13 proportional proportional ADJ biht-419 248 14 to to ADP biht-419 248 15 the the DET biht-419 248 16 user user NOUN biht-419 248 17 base base NOUN biht-419 248 18 . . PUNCT biht-419 249 1 blockchain blockchain PROPN biht-419 249 2 is be AUX biht-419 249 3 high high ADJ biht-419 249 4 complexity complexity NOUN biht-419 249 5 ( ( PUNCT biht-419 249 6 3 3 NUM biht-419 249 7 ) ) PUNCT biht-419 249 8 for for ADP biht-419 249 9 linear linear ADJ biht-419 249 10 block block NOUN biht-419 249 11 scanning scanning NOUN biht-419 249 12 of of ADP biht-419 249 13 500 500 NUM biht-419 249 14 blocks block NOUN biht-419 249 15 , , PUNCT biht-419 249 16 consistent consistent ADJ biht-419 249 17 with with ADP biht-419 249 18 sequential sequential ADJ biht-419 249 19 search search NOUN biht-419 249 20 requirements requirement NOUN biht-419 249 21 . . PUNCT biht-419 250 1 these these DET biht-419 250 2 results result NOUN biht-419 250 3 confirm confirm VERB biht-419 250 4 the the DET biht-419 250 5 optimality optimality NOUN biht-419 250 6 of of ADP biht-419 250 7 zkpb zkpb NOUN biht-419 250 8 for for ADP biht-419 250 9 privacy privacy NOUN biht-419 250 10 - - PUNCT biht-419 250 11 requiring require VERB biht-419 250 12 applications application NOUN biht-419 250 13 . . PUNCT biht-419 251 1 comparison comparison NOUN biht-419 251 2 of of ADP biht-419 251 3 query query NOUN biht-419 251 4 time time NOUN biht-419 251 5 figure figure NOUN biht-419 251 6 9 9 NUM biht-419 251 7 depicts depict NOUN biht-419 251 8 average average ADJ biht-419 251 9 query query NOUN biht-419 251 10 times time NOUN biht-419 251 11 for for ADP biht-419 251 12 100 100 NUM biht-419 251 13 actual actual ADJ biht-419 251 14 - - PUNCT biht-419 251 15 time time NOUN biht-419 251 16 runs run NOUN biht-419 251 17 . . PUNCT biht-419 252 1 zkpb zkpb PROPN biht-419 252 2 was be AUX biht-419 252 3 fastest fast ADJ biht-419 252 4 at at ADP biht-419 252 5 5.83 5.83 NUM biht-419 252 6 ms ms NOUN biht-419 252 7 with with ADP biht-419 252 8 the the DET biht-419 252 9 benefit benefit NOUN biht-419 252 10 of of ADP biht-419 252 11 constant constant ADJ biht-419 252 12 - - PUNCT biht-419 252 13 time time NOUN biht-419 252 14 verification verification NOUN biht-419 252 15 without without ADP biht-419 252 16 data datum NOUN biht-419 252 17 traversal traversal NOUN biht-419 252 18 . . PUNCT biht-419 253 1 smart smart ADJ biht-419 253 2 contracts contract NOUN biht-419 253 3 had have VERB biht-419 253 4 less less ADJ biht-419 253 5 than than ADP biht-419 253 6 0.01 0.01 NUM biht-419 253 7 ms ms PROPN biht-419 253 8 latency latency NOUN biht-419 253 9 , , PUNCT biht-419 253 10 suggesting suggest VERB biht-419 253 11 optimized optimize VERB biht-419 253 12 access access NOUN biht-419 253 13 checks check NOUN biht-419 253 14 but but CCONJ biht-419 253 15 just just ADV biht-419 253 16 at at ADP biht-419 253 17 or or CCONJ biht-419 253 18 below below ADP biht-419 253 19 the the DET biht-419 253 20 measurement measurement NOUN biht-419 253 21 sensitivity sensitivity NOUN biht-419 253 22 of of ADP biht-419 253 23 the the DET biht-419 253 24 test test NOUN biht-419 253 25 environment environment NOUN biht-419 253 26 . . PUNCT biht-419 254 1 blockchain blockchain PROPN biht-419 254 2 was be AUX biht-419 254 3 0.01 0.01 NUM biht-419 254 4 ms ms NOUN biht-419 254 5 , , PUNCT biht-419 254 6 with with ADP biht-419 254 7 linear linear ADJ biht-419 254 8 searches search NOUN biht-419 254 9 of of ADP biht-419 254 10 500 500 NUM biht-419 254 11 blocks block NOUN biht-419 254 12 hampering hamper VERB biht-419 254 13 it it PRON biht-419 254 14 . . PUNCT biht-419 255 1 ecc ecc PROPN biht-419 255 2 was be AUX biht-419 255 3 slowest slow ADJ biht-419 255 4 at at ADP biht-419 255 5 8.72 8.72 NUM biht-419 255 6 ms ms NOUN biht-419 255 7 due due ADP biht-419 255 8 to to ADP biht-419 255 9 encryption encryption NOUN biht-419 255 10 / / SYM biht-419 255 11 decryption decryption NOUN biht-419 255 12 overhead overhead ADV biht-419 255 13 . . PUNCT biht-419 256 1 the the DET biht-419 256 2 use use NOUN biht-419 256 3 of of ADP biht-419 256 4 simulated simulate VERB biht-419 256 5 ipfs ipf NOUN biht-419 256 6 reduced reduce VERB biht-419 256 7 on on ADP biht-419 256 8 - - PUNCT biht-419 256 9 chain chain NOUN biht-419 256 10 storage storage NOUN biht-419 256 11 to to ADP biht-419 256 12 a a DET biht-419 256 13 minimum minimum NOUN biht-419 256 14 , , PUNCT biht-419 256 15 enhancing enhance VERB biht-419 256 16 scalability scalability NOUN biht-419 256 17 , , PUNCT biht-419 256 18 while while SCONJ biht-419 256 19 pos pos NOUN biht-419 256 20 ( ( PUNCT biht-419 256 21 difficulty difficulty NOUN biht-419 256 22     SPACE biht-419 256 23 2 2 NUM biht-419 256 24 ) ) PUNCT biht-419 256 25 ensured ensure VERB biht-419 256 26 ledger ledger NOUN biht-419 256 27 integrity integrity NOUN biht-419 256 28 . . PUNCT biht-419 257 1 these these DET biht-419 257 2 results result NOUN biht-419 257 3 justify justify VERB biht-419 257 4 zkpb zkpb NOUN biht-419 257 5 ’s ’s PART biht-419 257 6 optimal optimal ADJ biht-419 257 7 trade trade NOUN biht-419 257 8 - - PUNCT biht-419 257 9 off off NOUN biht-419 257 10 between between ADP biht-419 257 11 privacy privacy NOUN biht-419 257 12 and and CCONJ biht-419 257 13 performance performance NOUN biht-419 257 14 , , PUNCT biht-419 257 15 with with ADP biht-419 257 16 smart smart ADJ biht-419 257 17 contracts contract NOUN biht-419 257 18 and and CCONJ biht-419 257 19 blockchain blockchain PROPN biht-419 257 20 facilitating facilitate VERB biht-419 257 21 fine fine ADV biht-419 257 22 - - PUNCT biht-419 257 23 grained grain VERB biht-419 257 24 control control NOUN biht-419 257 25 and and CCONJ biht-419 257 26 tamper tamper NOUN biht-419 257 27 - - NOUN biht-419 257 28 resistance resistance NOUN biht-419 257 29 , , PUNCT biht-419 257 30 respectively respectively ADV biht-419 257 31 . . PUNCT biht-419 258 1 ecc ecc PROPN biht-419 258 2 is be AUX biht-419 258 3 a a DET biht-419 258 4 building building NOUN biht-419 258 5 - - PUNCT biht-419 258 6 block block NOUN biht-419 258 7 cryptographic cryptographic ADJ biht-419 258 8 method method NOUN biht-419 258 9 best well ADV biht-419 258 10 complemented complement VERB biht-419 258 11 by by ADP biht-419 258 12 other other ADJ biht-419 258 13 constituents constituent NOUN biht-419 258 14 . . PUNCT biht-419 259 1 collectively collectively ADV biht-419 259 2 , , PUNCT biht-419 259 3 these these DET biht-419 259 4 constituents constituent NOUN biht-419 259 5 define define VERB biht-419 259 6 an an DET biht-419 259 7 efficient efficient ADJ biht-419 259 8 , , PUNCT biht-419 259 9 scalable scalable ADJ biht-419 259 10 , , PUNCT biht-419 259 11 and and CCONJ biht-419 259 12 privacy privacy NOUN biht-419 259 13 - - PUNCT biht-419 259 14 promoting promote VERB biht-419 259 15 paradigm paradigm NOUN biht-419 259 16 for for ADP biht-419 259 17 secure secure ADJ biht-419 259 18 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 259 19 data datum NOUN biht-419 259 20 sharing sharing NOUN biht-419 259 21 . . PUNCT biht-419 260 1 limitations limitation NOUN biht-419 260 2 the the DET biht-419 260 3 architecture architecture NOUN biht-419 260 4 was be AUX biht-419 260 5 poc poc PROPN biht-419 260 6 tested test VERB biht-419 260 7 in in ADP biht-419 260 8 real real ADJ biht-419 260 9 time time NOUN biht-419 260 10 on on ADP biht-419 260 11 a a DET biht-419 260 12 local local ADJ biht-419 260 13 setup setup NOUN biht-419 260 14 with with ADP biht-419 260 15 a a DET biht-419 260 16 synthetic synthetic ADJ biht-419 260 17 genomic genomic NOUN biht-419 260 18 dataset dataset NOUN biht-419 260 19 to to PART biht-419 260 20 be be AUX biht-419 260 21 privacy privacy NOUN biht-419 260 22 - - PUNCT biht-419 260 23 compliant compliant NOUN biht-419 260 24 . . PUNCT biht-419 261 1 the the DET biht-419 261 2 blockchain blockchain PROPN biht-419 261 3 was be AUX biht-419 261 4 emulated emulate VERB biht-419 261 5 with with ADP biht-419 261 6 500 500 NUM biht-419 261 7 blocks block NOUN biht-419 261 8 , , PUNCT biht-419 261 9 and and CCONJ biht-419 261 10 off off ADP biht-419 261 11 - - PUNCT biht-419 261 12 chain chain NOUN biht-419 261 13 storage storage NOUN biht-419 261 14 used use VERB biht-419 261 15 a a DET biht-419 261 16 python python NOUN biht-419 261 17 dictionary dictionary NOUN biht-419 261 18 to to PART biht-419 261 19 simulate simulate VERB biht-419 261 20 ipfs ipf NOUN biht-419 261 21 . . PUNCT biht-419 262 1 dataset dataset ADJ biht-419 262 2 size size NOUN biht-419 262 3 was be AUX biht-419 262 4 kept keep VERB biht-419 262 5 small small ADJ biht-419 262 6 for for ADP biht-419 262 7 ease ease NOUN biht-419 262 8 of of ADP biht-419 262 9 poc poc NOUN biht-419 262 10 and and CCONJ biht-419 262 11 smart smart ADJ biht-419 262 12 contract contract NOUN biht-419 262 13 query query NOUN biht-419 262 14 times time NOUN biht-419 262 15 were be AUX biht-419 262 16 below below ADP biht-419 262 17 the the DET biht-419 262 18 measurement measurement NOUN biht-419 262 19 threshold threshold NOUN biht-419 262 20 ( ( PUNCT biht-419 262 21 < < X biht-419 262 22 0.01 0.01 NUM biht-419 262 23 ms ms NOUN biht-419 262 24 ) ) PUNCT biht-419 262 25 since since SCONJ biht-419 262 26 optimized optimize VERB biht-419 262 27 access access NOUN biht-419 262 28 checks check NOUN biht-419 262 29 were be AUX biht-419 262 30 performed perform VERB biht-419 262 31 with with ADP biht-419 262 32 low low ADJ biht-419 262 33 precision precision NOUN biht-419 262 34 . . PUNCT biht-419 263 1 short short ADJ biht-419 263 2 - - PUNCT biht-419 263 3 term term NOUN biht-419 263 4 activities activity NOUN biht-419 263 5 include include VERB biht-419 263 6 scaling scale VERB biht-419 263 7 to to ADP biht-419 263 8 larger large ADJ biht-419 263 9 datasets dataset NOUN biht-419 263 10 , , PUNCT biht-419 263 11 testing test VERB biht-419 263 12 in in ADP biht-419 263 13 a a DET biht-419 263 14 distributed distribute VERB biht-419 263 15 environment environment NOUN biht-419 263 16 using use VERB biht-419 263 17 real real ADJ biht-419 263 18 ipfs ipf NOUN biht-419 263 19 and and CCONJ biht-419 263 20 ethereum ethereum NOUN biht-419 263 21 blockchain blockchain PROPN biht-419 263 22 , , PUNCT biht-419 263 23 and and CCONJ biht-419 263 24 smart smart ADJ biht-419 263 25 contract contract NOUN biht-419 263 26 measurement measurement NOUN biht-419 263 27 optimization optimization NOUN biht-419 263 28 for for ADP biht-419 263 29 higher high ADJ biht-419 263 30 resolution resolution NOUN biht-419 263 31 . . PUNCT biht-419 264 1 conclusion conclusion NOUN biht-419 264 2 this this DET biht-419 264 3 article article NOUN biht-419 264 4 outlines outline VERB biht-419 264 5 a a DET biht-419 264 6 blockchain blockchain PROPN biht-419 264 7 - - PUNCT biht-419 264 8 based base VERB biht-419 264 9 model model NOUN biht-419 264 10 for for ADP biht-419 264 11 private private ADJ biht-419 264 12 , , PUNCT biht-419 264 13 secure secure ADJ biht-419 264 14 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 264 15 data datum NOUN biht-419 264 16 sharing sharing NOUN biht-419 264 17 , , PUNCT biht-419 264 18 which which PRON biht-419 264 19 is be AUX biht-419 264 20 founded found VERB biht-419 264 21 by by ADP biht-419 264 22 means mean NOUN biht-419 264 23 of of ADP biht-419 264 24 a a DET biht-419 264 25 poc poc NOUN biht-419 264 26 prototype prototype NOUN biht-419 264 27 built build VERB biht-419 264 28 using use VERB biht-419 264 29 python python NOUN biht-419 264 30 . . PUNCT biht-419 265 1 the the DET biht-419 265 2 platform platform NOUN biht-419 265 3 integrates integrate VERB biht-419 265 4 zkps zkps PROPN biht-419 265 5 , , PUNCT biht-419 265 6 blockchain blockchain PROPN biht-419 265 7 , , PUNCT biht-419 265 8 smart smart ADJ biht-419 265 9 contracts contract NOUN biht-419 265 10 , , PUNCT biht-419 265 11 and and CCONJ biht-419 265 12 ecc ecc PROPN biht-419 265 13 , , PUNCT biht-419 265 14 optimized optimize VERB biht-419 265 15 for for ADP biht-419 265 16 particular particular ADJ biht-419 265 17 genomic genomic NOUN biht-419 265 18 use use NOUN biht-419 265 19 cases case NOUN biht-419 265 20 . . PUNCT biht-419 266 1 real real ADJ biht-419 266 2 - - PUNCT biht-419 266 3 time time NOUN biht-419 266 4 testing testing NOUN biht-419 266 5 on on ADP biht-419 266 6 a a DET biht-419 266 7 simulated simulate VERB biht-419 266 8 dataset dataset NOUN biht-419 266 9 ( ( PUNCT biht-419 266 10 10 10 NUM biht-419 266 11 dna dna PROPN biht-419 266 12 sequences sequence NOUN biht-419 266 13 , , PUNCT biht-419 266 14 1,000 1,000 NUM biht-419 266 15 bases basis NOUN biht-419 266 16 long long ADV biht-419 266 17 , , PUNCT biht-419 266 18 in in ADP biht-419 266 19 synthetic_sequences.fasta synthetic_sequences.fasta ADP biht-419 266 20 ) ) PUNCT biht-419 266 21 for for ADP biht-419 266 22 100 100 NUM biht-419 266 23 iterations iteration NOUN biht-419 266 24 with with ADP biht-419 266 25 a a DET biht-419 266 26 controlled control VERB biht-419 266 27 10 10 NUM biht-419 266 28 % % NOUN biht-419 266 29 failure failure NOUN biht-419 266 30 rate rate NOUN biht-419 266 31 demonstrated demonstrate VERB biht-419 266 32 excellent excellent ADJ biht-419 266 33 performance performance NOUN biht-419 266 34 : : PUNCT biht-419 266 35 zkpb zkpb NOUN biht-419 266 36 achieved achieve VERB biht-419 266 37 5.83 5.83 NUM biht-419 266 38 ms ms ADJ biht-419 266 39 query query NOUN biht-419 266 40 time time NOUN biht-419 266 41 with with ADP biht-419 266 42 fig fig NOUN biht-419 266 43 . . PUNCT biht-419 267 1 9 9 X biht-419 267 2 . . X biht-419 267 3 query query NOUN biht-419 267 4 time time NOUN biht-419 267 5 performance performance NOUN biht-419 267 6 comparison comparison NOUN biht-419 267 7 of of ADP biht-419 267 8 crypto crypto NOUN biht-419 267 9 techniques technique NOUN biht-419 267 10 . . PUNCT biht-419 268 1 zkpb zkpb NOUN biht-419 268 2 : : PUNCT biht-419 268 3 zero zero NUM biht-419 268 4 - - PUNCT biht-419 268 5 knowledge knowledge NOUN biht-419 268 6 proof proof NOUN biht-419 268 7 blockchain blockchain PROPN biht-419 268 8 ; ; PUNCT biht-419 268 9 ecc ecc PROPN biht-419 268 10 : : PUNCT biht-419 268 11 elliptic elliptic ADJ biht-419 268 12 curve curve NOUN biht-419 268 13 cryptography cryptography NOUN biht-419 268 14 . . PUNCT biht-419 269 1 fig fig NOUN biht-419 269 2 . . PUNCT biht-419 270 1 7 7 X biht-419 270 2 . . NOUN biht-419 270 3 accuracy accuracy NOUN biht-419 270 4 evaluation evaluation NOUN biht-419 270 5 of of ADP biht-419 270 6 cryptography cryptography NOUN biht-419 270 7 methods method NOUN biht-419 270 8 . . PUNCT biht-419 271 1 zkpb zkpb NOUN biht-419 271 2 : : PUNCT biht-419 271 3 zero zero NUM biht-419 271 4 - - PUNCT biht-419 271 5 knowledge knowledge NOUN biht-419 271 6 proof proof NOUN biht-419 271 7 blockchain blockchain PROPN biht-419 271 8 ; ; PUNCT biht-419 271 9 ecc ecc PROPN biht-419 271 10 : : PUNCT biht-419 271 11 elliptic elliptic ADJ biht-419 271 12 curve curve NOUN biht-419 271 13 cryptography cryptography NOUN biht-419 271 14 . . PUNCT biht-419 272 1 fig fig NOUN biht-419 272 2 . . PUNCT biht-419 273 1 8 8 NUM biht-419 273 2 . . PUNCT biht-419 273 3 computational computational ADJ biht-419 273 4 complexity complexity NOUN biht-419 273 5 comparison comparison NOUN biht-419 273 6 ( ( PUNCT biht-419 273 7 1–3 1–3 NOUN biht-419 273 8 ) ) PUNCT biht-419 273 9 of of ADP biht-419 273 10 cryptography cryptography NOUN biht-419 273 11 methods method NOUN biht-419 273 12 . . PUNCT biht-419 274 1 zkpb zkpb NOUN biht-419 274 2 : : PUNCT biht-419 274 3 zero zero NUM biht-419 274 4 - - PUNCT biht-419 274 5 knowledge knowledge NOUN biht-419 274 6 proof proof NOUN biht-419 274 7 blockchain blockchain PROPN biht-419 274 8 ; ; PUNCT biht-419 274 9 ecc ecc PROPN biht-419 274 10 : : PUNCT biht-419 274 11 elliptic elliptic ADJ biht-419 274 12 curve curve NOUN biht-419 274 13 cryptography cryptography NOUN biht-419 274 14 . . PUNCT biht-419 275 1 https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v8.419 https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v8.419 X biht-419 275 2 citation citation NOUN biht-419 275 3 : : PUNCT biht-419 276 1 blockchain blockchain NOUN biht-419 276 2 in in ADP biht-419 276 3 healthcare healthcare NOUN biht-419 276 4 today today NOUN biht-419 276 5 2025 2025 NUM biht-419 276 6 , , PUNCT biht-419 276 7 8 8 NUM biht-419 276 8 : : SYM biht-419 276 9 419 419 NUM biht-419 276 10 https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v8.41912 https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v8.41912 NOUN biht-419 276 11 ( ( PUNCT biht-419 276 12 page page NOUN biht-419 276 13 number number NOUN biht-419 276 14 not not PART biht-419 276 15 for for ADP biht-419 276 16 citation citation NOUN biht-419 276 17 purpose purpose NOUN biht-419 276 18 ) ) PUNCT biht-419 276 19 nandini nandini PROPN biht-419 276 20 k k PROPN biht-419 276 21 et et PROPN biht-419 276 22 al al PROPN biht-419 276 23 . . PROPN biht-419 277 1 90.00 90.00 NUM biht-419 277 2 % % NOUN biht-419 277 3 accuracy accuracy NOUN biht-419 277 4 , , PUNCT biht-419 277 5 smart smart ADJ biht-419 277 6 contracts contract NOUN biht-419 277 7 under under ADP biht-419 277 8 0.01 0.01 NUM biht-419 277 9 ms ms NOUN biht-419 277 10 with with ADP biht-419 277 11 90.00 90.00 NUM biht-419 277 12 % % NOUN biht-419 277 13 accuracy accuracy NOUN biht-419 277 14 , , PUNCT biht-419 277 15 blockchain blockchain PROPN biht-419 277 16 0.01 0.01 NUM biht-419 277 17 ms ms NOUN biht-419 277 18 with with ADP biht-419 277 19 90.00 90.00 NUM biht-419 277 20 % % NOUN biht-419 277 21 accuracy accuracy NOUN biht-419 277 22 , , PUNCT biht-419 277 23 and and CCONJ biht-419 277 24 ecc ecc PROPN biht-419 277 25 8.72 8.72 NUM biht-419 277 26 ms ms NOUN biht-419 277 27 with with ADP biht-419 277 28 90.00 90.00 NUM biht-419 277 29 % % NOUN biht-419 277 30 accuracy accuracy NOUN biht-419 277 31 , , PUNCT biht-419 277 32 as as SCONJ biht-419 277 33 seen see VERB biht-419 277 34 in in ADP biht-419 277 35 figure figure NOUN biht-419 277 36 7 7 NUM biht-419 277 37 . . PUNCT biht-419 278 1 these these DET biht-419 278 2 experimental experimental ADJ biht-419 278 3 results result NOUN biht-419 278 4 confirm confirm VERB biht-419 278 5 the the DET biht-419 278 6 efficiency efficiency NOUN biht-419 278 7 of of ADP biht-419 278 8 zkps zkps PROPN biht-419 278 9 for for ADP biht-419 278 10 constant constant ADJ biht-419 278 11 - - PUNCT biht-419 278 12 time time NOUN biht-419 278 13 proof proof NOUN biht-419 278 14 verification verification NOUN biht-419 278 15 , , PUNCT biht-419 278 16 the the DET biht-419 278 17 immutability immutability NOUN biht-419 278 18 of of ADP biht-419 278 19 blockchain blockchain PROPN biht-419 278 20 for for ADP biht-419 278 21 auditability auditability NOUN biht-419 278 22 , , PUNCT biht-419 278 23 rule rule NOUN biht-419 278 24 - - PUNCT biht-419 278 25 based base VERB biht-419 278 26 access access NOUN biht-419 278 27 control control NOUN biht-419 278 28 of of ADP biht-419 278 29 smart smart ADJ biht-419 278 30 contracts contract NOUN biht-419 278 31 , , PUNCT biht-419 278 32 and and CCONJ biht-419 278 33 lightweight lightweight ADJ biht-419 278 34 encryption encryption NOUN biht-419 278 35 of of ADP biht-419 278 36 ecc ecc PROPN biht-419 278 37 even even ADV biht-419 278 38 with with ADP biht-419 278 39 slower slow ADJ biht-419 278 40 performance performance NOUN biht-419 278 41 . . PUNCT biht-419 279 1 the the DET biht-419 279 2 system system NOUN biht-419 279 3 , , PUNCT biht-419 279 4 supplemented supplement VERB biht-419 279 5 with with ADP biht-419 279 6 scalable scalable ADJ biht-419 279 7 off off ADP biht-419 279 8 - - PUNCT biht-419 279 9 chain chain NOUN biht-419 279 10 storage storage NOUN biht-419 279 11 with with ADP biht-419 279 12 emulated emulated ADJ biht-419 279 13 ipfs ipf NOUN biht-419 279 14 , , PUNCT biht-419 279 15 is be AUX biht-419 279 16 a a DET biht-419 279 17 feasible feasible ADJ biht-419 279 18 solution solution NOUN biht-419 279 19 for for ADP biht-419 279 20 clinical clinical ADJ biht-419 279 21 genomics genomic NOUN biht-419 279 22 , , PUNCT biht-419 279 23 healthcare healthcare NOUN biht-419 279 24 research research NOUN biht-419 279 25 , , PUNCT biht-419 279 26 and and CCONJ biht-419 279 27 personalized personalized ADJ biht-419 279 28 medicine medicine NOUN biht-419 279 29 , , PUNCT biht-419 279 30 with with ADP biht-419 279 31 future future ADJ biht-419 279 32 prospects prospect NOUN biht-419 279 33 including include VERB biht-419 279 34 larger large ADJ biht-419 279 35 data datum NOUN biht-419 279 36 sets set NOUN biht-419 279 37 and and CCONJ biht-419 279 38 distributed distribute VERB biht-419 279 39 environments environment NOUN biht-419 279 40 . . PUNCT biht-419 280 1 we we PRON biht-419 280 2 affirm affirm VERB biht-419 280 3 that that SCONJ biht-419 280 4 the the DET biht-419 280 5 research research NOUN biht-419 280 6 was be AUX biht-419 280 7 conducted conduct VERB biht-419 280 8 with with ADP biht-419 280 9 full full ADJ biht-419 280 10 scientific scientific ADJ biht-419 280 11 and and CCONJ biht-419 280 12 ethical ethical ADJ biht-419 280 13 integrity integrity NOUN biht-419 280 14 , , PUNCT biht-419 280 15 and and CCONJ biht-419 280 16 any any DET biht-419 280 17 potential potential ADJ biht-419 280 18 conflicts conflict NOUN biht-419 280 19 have have AUX biht-419 280 20 been be AUX biht-419 280 21 managed manage VERB biht-419 280 22 according accord VERB biht-419 280 23 to to ADP biht-419 280 24 institutional institutional ADJ biht-419 280 25 and and CCONJ biht-419 280 26 journal journal PROPN biht-419 280 27 guidelines guideline NOUN biht-419 280 28 . . PUNCT biht-419 281 1 funding funding NOUN biht-419 281 2     SPACE biht-419 281 3 no no DET biht-419 281 4 fund fund NOUN biht-419 281 5 was be AUX biht-419 281 6 provided provide VERB biht-419 281 7 to to PART biht-419 281 8 publish publish VERB biht-419 281 9 this this DET biht-419 281 10 article article NOUN biht-419 281 11 . . PUNCT biht-419 282 1 conflicts conflict NOUN biht-419 282 2 of of ADP biht-419 282 3 interest interest NOUN biht-419 282 4 the the DET biht-419 282 5 authors author NOUN biht-419 282 6 declare declare VERB biht-419 282 7 that that SCONJ biht-419 282 8 there there PRON biht-419 282 9 are be VERB biht-419 282 10 no no DET biht-419 282 11 conflicts conflict NOUN biht-419 282 12 of of ADP biht-419 282 13 interest interest NOUN biht-419 282 14 related relate VERB biht-419 282 15 to to ADP biht-419 282 16 this this DET biht-419 282 17 study study NOUN biht-419 282 18 . . PUNCT biht-419 283 1 all all DET biht-419 283 2 work work NOUN biht-419 283 3 was be AUX biht-419 283 4 conducted conduct VERB biht-419 283 5 independently independently ADV biht-419 283 6 , , PUNCT biht-419 283 7 and and CCONJ biht-419 283 8 with with ADP biht-419 283 9 no no DET biht-419 283 10 external external ADJ biht-419 283 11 influence influence NOUN biht-419 283 12 affecting affect VERB biht-419 283 13 the the DET biht-419 283 14 results result NOUN biht-419 283 15 , , PUNCT biht-419 283 16 interpretation interpretation NOUN biht-419 283 17 , , PUNCT biht-419 283 18 or or CCONJ biht-419 283 19 reporting reporting NOUN biht-419 283 20 of of ADP biht-419 283 21 this this DET biht-419 283 22 research research NOUN biht-419 283 23 . . PUNCT biht-419 284 1 data datum NOUN biht-419 284 2 availability availability NOUN biht-419 284 3 statement statement NOUN biht-419 284 4 ( ( PUNCT biht-419 284 5 das das PROPN biht-419 284 6 ) ) PUNCT biht-419 284 7 , , PUNCT biht-419 284 8 data datum NOUN biht-419 284 9 sharing sharing NOUN biht-419 284 10 , , PUNCT biht-419 284 11 reproducibility reproducibility NOUN biht-419 284 12 , , PUNCT biht-419 284 13 and and CCONJ biht-419 284 14 data datum NOUN biht-419 284 15 repositories repository NOUN biht-419 284 16 the the DET biht-419 284 17 data datum NOUN biht-419 284 18 that that PRON biht-419 284 19 support support VERB biht-419 284 20 the the DET biht-419 284 21 findings finding NOUN biht-419 284 22 of of ADP biht-419 284 23 this this DET biht-419 284 24 study study NOUN biht-419 284 25 are be AUX biht-419 284 26 available available ADJ biht-419 284 27 from from ADP biht-419 284 28 the the DET biht-419 284 29 corresponding corresponding ADJ biht-419 284 30 author author NOUN biht-419 284 31 upon upon SCONJ biht-419 284 32 reasonable reasonable ADJ biht-419 284 33 request request NOUN biht-419 284 34 . . PUNCT biht-419 285 1 application application NOUN biht-419 285 2 of of ADP biht-419 285 3 ai ai ADJ biht-419 285 4 - - PUNCT biht-419 285 5 generated generate VERB biht-419 285 6 text text NOUN biht-419 285 7 or or CCONJ biht-419 285 8 related related ADJ biht-419 285 9 technology technology NOUN biht-419 285 10 none none NOUN biht-419 285 11 . . PUNCT biht-419 286 1 acknowledgments acknowledgment NOUN biht-419 286 2 this this DET biht-419 286 3 study study NOUN biht-419 286 4 was be AUX biht-419 286 5 conducted conduct VERB biht-419 286 6 with with ADP biht-419 286 7 the the DET biht-419 286 8 sole sole ADJ biht-419 286 9 interest interest NOUN biht-419 286 10 of of ADP biht-419 286 11 our our PRON biht-419 286 12 research research NOUN biht-419 286 13 . . PUNCT biht-419 287 1 the the DET biht-419 287 2 authors author NOUN biht-419 287 3 were be AUX biht-419 287 4 admitted admit VERB biht-419 287 5 to to ADP biht-419 287 6 the the DET biht-419 287 7 department department NOUN biht-419 287 8 of of ADP biht-419 287 9 computer computer NOUN biht-419 287 10 science science NOUN biht-419 287 11 and and CCONJ biht-419 287 12 engineering engineering NOUN biht-419 287 13 , , PUNCT biht-419 287 14 dayananda dayananda PROPN biht-419 287 15 sagar sagar PROPN biht-419 287 16 university university PROPN biht-419 287 17 bengaluru bengaluru PROPN biht-419 287 18 south south PROPN biht-419 287 19 , , PUNCT biht-419 287 20 india india PROPN biht-419 287 21 . . PUNCT biht-419 288 1 they they PRON biht-419 288 2 provided provide VERB biht-419 288 3 us we PRON biht-419 288 4 with with ADP biht-419 288 5 the the DET biht-419 288 6 resources resource NOUN biht-419 288 7 and and CCONJ biht-419 288 8 support support NOUN biht-419 288 9 to to PART biht-419 288 10 conduct conduct VERB biht-419 288 11 this this DET biht-419 288 12 work work NOUN biht-419 288 13 . . PUNCT biht-419 289 1 the the DET biht-419 289 2 authors author NOUN biht-419 289 3 also also ADV biht-419 289 4 acknowledge acknowledge VERB biht-419 289 5 the the DET biht-419 289 6 department department NOUN biht-419 289 7 of of ADP biht-419 289 8 computer computer NOUN biht-419 289 9 science science NOUN biht-419 289 10 , , PUNCT biht-419 289 11 school school NOUN biht-419 289 12 of of ADP biht-419 289 13 engineering engineering NOUN biht-419 289 14 dayananda dayananda PROPN biht-419 289 15 sagar sagar PROPN biht-419 289 16 university university PROPN biht-419 289 17 bengaluru bengaluru PROPN biht-419 289 18 , , PUNCT biht-419 289 19 india india PROPN biht-419 289 20 for for ADP biht-419 289 21 research research NOUN biht-419 289 22 support support NOUN biht-419 289 23 . . PUNCT biht-419 290 1 references reference NOUN biht-419 290 2 1 1 NUM biht-419 290 3 . . PUNCT biht-419 291 1 gudodagi gudodagi PROPN biht-419 291 2 r r PROPN biht-419 291 3 , , PUNCT biht-419 291 4 venkata venkata PROPN biht-419 291 5 siva siva PROPN biht-419 291 6 reddy reddy PROPN biht-419 291 7 r r PROPN biht-419 291 8 , , PUNCT biht-419 291 9 riyaz riyaz PROPN biht-419 291 10 ahmed ahmed PROPN biht-419 291 11 m. m. NOUN biht-419 291 12 investigations investigation NOUN biht-419 291 13 and and CCONJ biht-419 291 14 compression compression NOUN biht-419 291 15 of of ADP biht-419 291 16 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 291 17 data datum NOUN biht-419 291 18 . . PUNCT biht-419 292 1 2020 2020 NUM biht-419 292 2 third third ADJ biht-419 292 3 international international ADJ biht-419 292 4 conference conference NOUN biht-419 292 5 on on ADP biht-419 292 6 advances advance NOUN biht-419 292 7 in in ADP biht-419 292 8 electronics electronic NOUN biht-419 292 9 , , PUNCT biht-419 292 10 computers computer NOUN biht-419 292 11 and and CCONJ biht-419 292 12 communications communication NOUN biht-419 292 13 ( ( PUNCT biht-419 292 14 icaecc icaecc PROPN biht-419 292 15 ) ) PUNCT biht-419 293 1 [ [ X biht-419 293 2 internet internet NOUN biht-419 293 3 ] ] PUNCT biht-419 293 4 . . PUNCT biht-419 294 1 2020 2020 NUM biht-419 294 2 dec dec PROPN biht-419 294 3 11 11 NUM biht-419 294 4 [ [ X biht-419 294 5 cited cite VERB biht-419 294 6 2025 2025 NUM biht-419 294 7 jun jun PROPN biht-419 294 8 17 17 NUM biht-419 294 9 ] ] PUNCT biht-419 294 10 ; ; PUNCT biht-419 294 11 pp pp X biht-419 294 12 . . PUNCT biht-419 295 1 1–4 1–4 PROPN biht-419 295 2 . . PROPN biht-419 295 3 available available ADJ biht-419 295 4 from from ADP biht-419 295 5 : : PUNCT biht-419 295 6 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ PROPN biht-419 295 7 stamp stamp PROPN biht-419 295 8 / / SYM biht-419 295 9 stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber= stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber= X biht-419 295 10 9339492 9339492 NUM biht-419 295 11 2 2 NUM biht-419 295 12 . . PUNCT biht-419 295 13 nandini nandini PROPN biht-419 295 14 k k PROPN biht-419 295 15 , , PUNCT biht-419 295 16 girisha girisha PROPN biht-419 295 17 gs gs NOUN biht-419 295 18 . . PUNCT biht-419 295 19 proof proof NOUN biht-419 295 20 of of ADP biht-419 295 21 authentication authentication NOUN biht-419 295 22 for for ADP biht-419 295 23 secure secure NOUN biht-419 295 24 and and CCONJ biht-419 295 25 digitalization digitalization NOUN biht-419 295 26 of of ADP biht-419 295 27 land land NOUN biht-419 295 28 registry registry NOUN biht-419 295 29 using use VERB biht-419 295 30 blockchain blockchain PROPN biht-419 295 31 technology technology PROPN biht-419 295 32 . . PUNCT biht-419 296 1 2021 2021 NUM biht-419 296 2 . . PUNCT biht-419 297 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0980-0_27 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0980-0_27 PROPN biht-419 297 2 . . PROPN biht-419 298 1 3 3 X biht-419 299 1 . . X biht-419 299 2 prasad prasad PROPN biht-419 299 3 k k PROPN biht-419 299 4 , , PUNCT biht-419 299 5 selvan selvan NOUN biht-419 299 6 c. c. NOUN biht-419 299 7 empowering empower VERB biht-419 299 8 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 299 9 data datum NOUN biht-419 299 10 sharing sharing NOUN biht-419 299 11 in in ADP biht-419 299 12 healthcare healthcare PROPN biht-419 299 13 : : PUNCT biht-419 299 14 a a DET biht-419 299 15 blockchain blockchain NOUN biht-419 299 16 - - PUNCT biht-419 299 17 driven drive VERB biht-419 299 18 decentralized decentralize VERB biht-419 299 19 consent consent NOUN biht-419 299 20 model model NOUN biht-419 299 21 . . PUNCT biht-419 300 1 2024 2024 NUM biht-419 300 2 oct oct NOUN biht-419 300 3 3 3 NUM biht-419 300 4 [ [ X biht-419 300 5 cited cite VERB biht-419 300 6 2024 2024 NUM biht-419 300 7 dec dec PROPN biht-419 300 8 6 6 NUM biht-419 300 9 ] ] PUNCT biht-419 300 10 ; ; PUNCT biht-419 300 11 626–32 626–32 NUM biht-419 300 12 . . PUNCT biht-419 301 1 available available ADJ biht-419 301 2 from from ADP biht-419 301 3 : : PUNCT biht-419 301 4 https:// https:// PROPN biht-419 301 5 ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10714793 ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10714793 PROPN biht-419 301 6 4 4 NUM biht-419 301 7 . . PUNCT biht-419 302 1 grishin grishin PROPN biht-419 302 2 d d PROPN biht-419 302 3 , , PUNCT biht-419 302 4 obbad obbad ADJ biht-419 302 5 k k NOUN biht-419 302 6 , , PUNCT biht-419 302 7 estep estep NOUN biht-419 302 8 p p NOUN biht-419 302 9 , , PUNCT biht-419 302 10 quinn quinn PROPN biht-419 302 11 k k NOUN biht-419 302 12 , , PUNCT biht-419 302 13 zaranek zaranek PROPN biht-419 302 14 sw sw PROPN biht-419 302 15 , , PUNCT biht-419 302 16 zaranek zaranek NOUN biht-419 302 17 aw aw INTJ biht-419 302 18 , , PUNCT biht-419 302 19 et et PROPN biht-419 302 20 al al PROPN biht-419 302 21 . . PUNCT biht-419 303 1 accelerating accelerate VERB biht-419 303 2 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 303 3 data datum NOUN biht-419 303 4 generation generation NOUN biht-419 303 5 and and CCONJ biht-419 303 6 facilitating facilitate VERB biht-419 303 7 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 303 8 data datum NOUN biht-419 303 9 access access NOUN biht-419 303 10 using use VERB biht-419 303 11 decentralization decentralization NOUN biht-419 303 12 , , PUNCT biht-419 303 13 privacy privacy NOUN biht-419 303 14 - - PUNCT biht-419 303 15 preserving preserve VERB biht-419 303 16 technologies technology NOUN biht-419 303 17 and and CCONJ biht-419 303 18 equitable equitable ADJ biht-419 303 19 compensation compensation NOUN biht-419 303 20 . . PUNCT biht-419 304 1 blockchain blockchain PROPN biht-419 304 2 healthc healthc PROPN biht-419 304 3 today today NOUN biht-419 304 4 . . PUNCT biht-419 305 1 2018;1:1–23 2018;1:1–23 X biht-419 305 2 . . PUNCT biht-419 306 1 https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v1.34 https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v1.34 NOUN biht-419 306 2 5 5 NUM biht-419 306 3 . . PUNCT biht-419 307 1 charles charles PROPN biht-419 307 2 wm wm PROPN biht-419 307 3 , , PUNCT biht-419 307 4 delgado delgado VERB biht-419 307 5 bm bm PROPN biht-419 307 6 . . PUNCT biht-419 308 1 health health NOUN biht-419 308 2 datasets dataset NOUN biht-419 308 3 as as ADP biht-419 308 4 assets asset NOUN biht-419 308 5 : : PUNCT biht-419 308 6 blockchain blockchain PROPN biht-419 308 7 - - PUNCT biht-419 308 8 based base VERB biht-419 308 9 valuation valuation NOUN biht-419 308 10 and and CCONJ biht-419 308 11 transaction transaction NOUN biht-419 308 12 methods method NOUN biht-419 308 13 . . PUNCT biht-419 309 1 blockchain blockchain PROPN biht-419 309 2 healthcare healthcare PROPN biht-419 309 3 today today NOUN biht-419 309 4 . . PUNCT biht-419 310 1 2022.https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v5.185 2022.https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v5.185 NUM biht-419 310 2 6 6 NUM biht-419 310 3 . . PUNCT biht-419 310 4 javed javed PROPN biht-419 310 5 it it PRON biht-419 310 6 , , PUNCT biht-419 310 7 lemieux lemieux PROPN biht-419 310 8 v v PROPN biht-419 310 9 , , PUNCT biht-419 310 10 regier regier NOUN biht-419 310 11 da da PROPN biht-419 310 12 . . PROPN biht-419 310 13 secureconsent secureconsent NOUN biht-419 310 14 : : PUNCT biht-419 310 15 a a DET biht-419 310 16 blockchain blockchain NOUN biht-419 310 17 - - PUNCT biht-419 310 18 based base VERB biht-419 310 19 dynamic dynamic ADJ biht-419 310 20 and and CCONJ biht-419 310 21 secure secure ADJ biht-419 310 22 consent consent NOUN biht-419 310 23 management management NOUN biht-419 310 24 for for ADP biht-419 310 25 genomic genomic ADJ biht-419 310 26 data datum NOUN biht-419 310 27 sharing sharing NOUN biht-419 310 28 . . PUNCT biht-419 311 1 in in ADP biht-419 311 2 : : PUNCT biht-419 311 3 2024 2024 NUM biht-419 311 4 international international ADJ biht-419 311 5 conference conference NOUN biht-419 311 6 on on ADP biht-419 311 7 smart smart ADJ biht-419 311 8 applications application NOUN biht-419 311 9 , , PUNCT biht-419 311 10 communications communication NOUN biht-419 311 11 and and CCONJ biht-419 311 12 networking networking NOUN biht-419 311 13 ( ( PUNCT biht-419 311 14 smartnets smartnet NOUN biht-419 311 15 ) ) PUNCT biht-419 312 1 [ [ X biht-419 312 2 internet internet NOUN biht-419 312 3 ] ] PUNCT biht-419 312 4 . . PUNCT biht-419 313 1 2024 2024 NUM biht-419 313 2 may may AUX biht-419 313 3 28 28 NUM biht-419 313 4 [ [ PUNCT biht-419 313 5 cited cite VERB biht-419 313 6 2025 2025 NUM biht-419 313 7 jun jun PROPN biht-419 313 8 17 17 NUM biht-419 313 9 ] ] PUNCT biht-419 313 10 ; ; PUNCT biht-419 313 11 pp pp X biht-419 313 12 . . PUNCT biht-419 314 1 1–7 1–7 X biht-419 314 2 . . PUNCT biht-419 314 3 available available ADJ biht-419 314 4 from from ADP biht-419 314 5 : : PUNCT biht-419 314 6 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10577693 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10577693 ADJ biht-419 314 7 7 7 NUM biht-419 314 8 . . PUNCT biht-419 314 9 capko capko VERB biht-419 314 10 g g PROPN biht-419 314 11 , , PUNCT biht-419 314 12 vukmirovic vukmirovic PROPN biht-419 314 13 s s PROPN biht-419 314 14 , , PUNCT biht-419 314 15 nedic nedic ADJ biht-419 314 16 n. n. PROPN biht-419 314 17 state state NOUN biht-419 314 18 of of ADP biht-419 314 19 the the DET biht-419 314 20 art art NOUN biht-419 314 21 of of ADP biht-419 314 22 zero zero NUM biht-419 314 23 - - PUNCT biht-419 314 24 knowledge knowledge NOUN biht-419 314 25 proofs proof NOUN biht-419 314 26 in in ADP biht-419 314 27 blockchain blockchain PROPN biht-419 314 28 . . PUNCT biht-419 315 1 in in ADP biht-419 315 2 : : PUNCT biht-419 315 3 2022 2022 NUM biht-419 315 4 30th 30th NOUN biht-419 315 5 telecommunications telecommunications NOUN biht-419 315 6 forum forum NOUN biht-419 315 7 ( ( PUNCT biht-419 315 8 telfor telfor PROPN biht-419 315 9 ) ) PUNCT biht-419 315 10 , , PUNCT biht-419 315 11 belgrade belgrade PROPN biht-419 315 12 , , PUNCT biht-419 315 13 serbia serbia PROPN biht-419 315 14 , , PUNCT biht-419 315 15 2022 2022 NUM biht-419 315 16 , , PUNCT biht-419 315 17 pp pp ADV biht-419 315 18 . . PUNCT biht-419 316 1 1–4 1–4 NUM biht-419 316 2 . . PROPN biht-419 316 3 8 8 NUM biht-419 316 4 . . PUNCT biht-419 317 1 huang huang PROPN biht-419 317 2 x x PROPN biht-419 317 3 , , PUNCT biht-419 317 4 et et PROPN biht-419 317 5 al al PROPN biht-419 317 6 . . PROPN biht-419 318 1 blockchain blockchain PROPN biht-419 318 2 technology technology PROPN biht-419 318 3 and and CCONJ biht-419 318 4 privacy privacy NOUN biht-419 318 5 protection protection NOUN biht-419 318 6 : : PUNCT biht-419 318 7 applications application NOUN biht-419 318 8 and and CCONJ biht-419 318 9 implementation implementation NOUN biht-419 318 10 of of ADP biht-419 318 11 zero zero NUM biht-419 318 12 - - PUNCT biht-419 318 13 knowledge knowledge NOUN biht-419 318 14 proofs proof NOUN biht-419 318 15 . . PUNCT biht-419 319 1 in in ADP biht-419 319 2 : : PUNCT biht-419 319 3 2024 2024 NUM biht-419 319 4 4th 4th ADJ biht-419 319 5 international international ADJ biht-419 319 6 conference conference NOUN biht-419 319 7 on on ADP biht-419 319 8 computer computer NOUN biht-419 319 9 science science NOUN biht-419 319 10 and and CCONJ biht-419 319 11 blockchain blockchain PROPN biht-419 319 12 ( ( PUNCT biht-419 319 13 ccsb ccsb PROPN biht-419 319 14 ) ) PUNCT biht-419 319 15 , , PUNCT biht-419 319 16 shenzhen shenzhen PROPN biht-419 319 17 , , PUNCT biht-419 319 18 china china PROPN biht-419 319 19 , , PUNCT biht-419 319 20 2024 2024 NUM biht-419 319 21 [ [ X biht-419 319 22 cited cite VERB biht-419 319 23 2025 2025 NUM biht-419 319 24 jun jun PROPN biht-419 319 25     SPACE biht-419 319 26 20 20 NUM biht-419 319 27 ] ] PUNCT biht-419 319 28 ; ; PUNCT biht-419 319 29 pp pp NUM biht-419 319 30 . . PUNCT biht-419 320 1 637–41 637–41 NUM biht-419 320 2 . . PUNCT biht-419 321 1 available available ADJ biht-419 321 2 from from ADP biht-419 321 3 : : PUNCT biht-419 321 4 https://www.researchgate https://www.researchgate PROPN biht-419 321 5 . . PUNCT biht-419 322 1 net net ADJ biht-419 322 2 / / SYM biht-419 322 3 publication/384056745_promise_of_zero publication/384056745_promise_of_zero NOUN biht-419 322 4 - - PUNCT biht-419 322 5 knowledge knowledge NOUN biht-419 322 6 _ _ PUNCT biht-419 323 1 proofs_zkps_for_blockchain_privacy_and_security proofs_zkps_for_blockchain_privacy_and_security NOUN biht-419 323 2 _ _ SYM biht-419 323 3 opportunities_challenges_and_future_directions opportunities_challenges_and_future_direction NOUN biht-419 323 4 9 9 NUM biht-419 323 5 . . PUNCT biht-419 324 1 kimura kimura PROPN biht-419 324 2 lt lt PROPN biht-419 324 3 , , PUNCT biht-419 324 4 shiraishi shiraishi PROPN biht-419 324 5 fk fk PROPN biht-419 324 6 , , PUNCT biht-419 324 7 andrade andrade PROPN biht-419 324 8 er er INTJ biht-419 324 9 , , PUNCT biht-419 324 10 carvalho carvalho PROPN biht-419 324 11 tcmb tcmb PROPN biht-419 324 12 , , PUNCT biht-419 324 13 simplicio simplicio PROPN biht-419 324 14 ma ma PROPN biht-419 324 15 . . PROPN biht-419 324 16 amazon amazon PROPN biht-419 324 17 biobank biobank PROPN biht-419 324 18 : : PUNCT biht-419 324 19 assessing assess VERB biht-419 324 20 the the DET biht-419 324 21 implementation implementation NOUN biht-419 324 22 of of ADP biht-419 324 23 a a DET biht-419 324 24 blockchain blockchain NOUN biht-419 324 25 - - PUNCT biht-419 324 26 based base VERB biht-419 324 27 genomic genomic NOUN biht-419 324 28 database database NOUN biht-419 324 29 . . PUNCT biht-419 325 1 ieee ieee NOUN biht-419 325 2 access access NOUN biht-419 325 3 . . PUNCT biht-419 326 1 2024;12:9632 2024;12:9632 NUM biht-419 326 2 – – PUNCT biht-419 326 3 47 47 NUM biht-419 326 4 . . PUNCT biht-419 327 1 https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3354716 https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3354716 NOUN biht-419 327 2 10 10 NUM biht-419 327 3 . . PUNCT biht-419 328 1 alniamy alniamy PROPN biht-419 328 2 am be AUX biht-419 328 3 , , PUNCT biht-419 328 4 liu liu PROPN biht-419 328 5 h. h. PROPN biht-419 328 6 blockchain blockchain PROPN biht-419 328 7 - - PUNCT biht-419 328 8 based base VERB biht-419 328 9 secure secure ADJ biht-419 328 10 collaboration collaboration NOUN biht-419 328 11 platform platform NOUN biht-419 328 12 for for ADP biht-419 328 13 sharing share VERB biht-419 328 14 and and CCONJ biht-419 328 15 accessing access VERB biht-419 328 16 scientific scientific ADJ biht-419 328 17 research research NOUN biht-419 328 18 data datum NOUN biht-419 328 19 . . 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PUNCT biht-419 333 1 kim kim PROPN biht-419 333 2 y y PROPN biht-419 333 3 , , PUNCT biht-419 333 4 park park PROPN biht-419 333 5 y y PROPN biht-419 333 6 - - PUNCT biht-419 333 7 h. h. PROPN biht-419 333 8 blockchain blockchain PROPN biht-419 333 9 - - PUNCT biht-419 333 10 based base VERB biht-419 333 11 model model NOUN biht-419 333 12 for for ADP biht-419 333 13 gene gene NOUN biht-419 333 14 data datum NOUN biht-419 333 15 management management NOUN biht-419 333 16 using use VERB biht-419 333 17 de de ADV biht-419 333 18 - - ADJ biht-419 333 19 identifying identify VERB biht-419 333 20 scheme scheme NOUN biht-419 333 21 . . PUNCT biht-419 334 1 in in ADP biht-419 334 2 : : PUNCT biht-419 334 3 2021 2021 NUM biht-419 334 4 ieee ieee PROPN biht-419 334 5 international international ADJ biht-419 334 6 conference conference NOUN biht-419 334 7 on on ADP biht-419 334 8 consumer consumer NOUN biht-419 334 9 electronics electronic NOUN biht-419 334 10 - - PUNCT biht-419 334 11 asia asia PROPN biht-419 334 12 ( ( PUNCT biht-419 334 13 icce icce NOUN biht-419 334 14 - - PUNCT biht-419 334 15 asia asia NOUN biht-419 334 16 ) ) PUNCT biht-419 334 17 , , PUNCT biht-419 334 18 gangwon gangwon VERB biht-419 334 19 , , PUNCT biht-419 334 20 korea korea PROPN biht-419 334 21 , , PUNCT biht-419 334 22 republic republic NOUN biht-419 334 23 of of ADP biht-419 334 24 , , PUNCT biht-419 334 25 2021 2021 NUM biht-419 334 26 , , PUNCT biht-419 334 27 pp pp ADV biht-419 334 28 . . PUNCT biht-419 335 1 1–4 1–4 PROPN biht-419 335 2 . . PROPN biht-419 335 3 12 12 NUM biht-419 335 4 . . 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