Ezemo, Et Al 78 CHAPTER SIX Drawing as a form of Two-dimensional Art Uchechukwu Ezeemo, Valentine Ani, Chijioke Asogwa Introduction rawing is the art of representing objects in lines. Ndubisi (2010) sees drawing as the act of producing or creating a visual object using pencils, chalk, charcoal and other related materials. Drawing can also be seen as the art of using lines to define the shapes of an object in chiding man and animals, Egonwa (2012). Again, Read (1972p. 51) describes drawing as delineation which remains one of the most essential elements of visual arts – even in sculpture. It is a way of training the eyes and promoting visual and muscular coordination. In drawing, one develops the habit of observing which can be achieved through regular practice. Observation is very important in drawing. It provides an avenue for one to glance at an object, look at the object very thoroughly and examine its length, shape, size, and surface, and observe the shadows, shades and reflection of the light in an object. In art, drawing is important to all forms of visual art activities. Drawing is basic to other forms of art exercise. It is a form of making pictures. Drawing is the oldest form D Drawing as a form of Two-dimensional art 79 of visual art expression, Horst (1980). It will enable one to acquire the skill of seeing, observing and expressing. Drawing also needs interest and patience. Materials used in Drawing Drawing materials are those things which are used to make a drawing of any kind. Ngumah, Et Al (2013) listed drawing material as; Paper, Drawing book, Pencils, Drawing set, Rulers, Drawing pins, Pastels, Ink, Colour Brush Drawing materials also include; soft lead grades of pencils 2B, 3B, 4B, 5B, 6B, and so on, charcoal, pen, ink, markers, chalk of various colours crayons, pastels, and a drawing board. Types of Drawing Ogumor (2007) explains that drawings have various types such as; still-life, nature, figure and imaginative drawings. Other forms of drawing are landscape drawing, seascape drawing, and cityscape drawing, Ngumah, Et Al (2013). The genres of drawing are explained herein: Still Life Drawing This entails the drawing of man-made objects, including compositions. Still-life drawing means drawing life-less or still-life objects. Examples of still-life objects Ezemo, Et Al 80 are a ball, chair, table, bottle, stone, wood, shoes, bone, book, bell, musical instruments, cup, pot, spoon, and so on. Nature Drawing Nature drawing refers to drawing things from nature, more especially fascinating arrangements. Among such are plants, leaves, flowers fruits, insects, animals, birds, the bark of trees and tree trunks. Such is called ‘nature drawing’ because the drawn objects are sourced from the natural environment. Figure Drawing This entails the drawing of posed human figures. Figure drawing models can be in full pose, that is, from head to toe or portrait; that is from head to shoulder. There are three views of the human figure, front view, profile view (side view), and three-quarter view (3/4 view). In figure drawing, a person who poses to be drawn is called a model. Fig 1: Figure drawing. Emodi, 2020 Drawing as a form of Two-dimensional art 81 Imaginative Drawing It is a drawing from the memory. Imaginative drawing is done, not by looking at composed objects. Imaginative drawing can be based on still life, nature, a figure, or a composition of any two or all of the above. It can be a composition of an event scene. Examples of imaginative drawing are; the market scene, recollecting the knowledge of a market, the women in the market, items for sale in the market, customers buying goods stalls, foreground and background of the landscape. The scene can be a typical village one or that of a city market. Another good example of imaginative drawing is a local festival. Local festivals are colourful and gay masquerades, masks and different attires depicting the locality. Land Scape Drawing Fig 2: Landscape drawing. Emodi, 2020 Ezemo, Et Al 82 Landscape drawing is the drawing of things seen in the environment. A landscape drawing is an outdoor drawing. It includes drawing trees, land, houses, roads, etc. Abstraction Abstraction is the most challenging genre of drawing. There human imagination fully takes control. This entails using a lot of symbols and representations. Abstraction drawing is completely that of the artist and the artist is also the interpreter of whatever is delineated by the artist. Fig 3: Uche Okeke, Refugee family 1966, linotype Seascape Drawing: A seascape is a photograph, painting, or other work of art which depicts the sea, in other words, an example of marine art. The word originated as a Drawing as a form of Two-dimensional art 83 formation from the landscape, which was first used in images of land in art. Just like in Seascape painting, landscape drawing shows mainly the water bodies, reflections, and vegetation around it. City Scape Drawing This genre refers to drawings showing a metropolitan area, with high-rise buildings, hustling and bustling human activities, and vehicular traffic. New Directions in Drawing With the invention of graphic tablets, graphic tabs or digitizers, the art of drawing has advanced with many styles and techniques being experimented with by programmers and artists, respectively. A graphics tablet is a computer input device that enables a user to hand-draw images and graphics, similar to the way a person draws images with a pencil and paper (Carrillo, Cejudo, Domingues and Rodrigues, 2013 p. 12). While some artists prefer to draw directly on screen with these tools, others prefer to transform their drawings from paper to digital interphase. Evaluation 1. Carefully describe the art of drawing 2. Draw two (2) objects found in the classroom. 3. Explain two (2) types of drawing 4. List the materials used in drawing 5. What is a graphic tablet? Ezemo, Et Al 84 References Carrillo, A., Cejudo, J, Dominguez, F, and Rodrigues, E (2013). Graphics Tablet technology in Second Year Thermal Engineering Teaching. In Journal of Technology and Science Education. 3(3). www.dx.doi.org/10.3926/jotse.85 Egonwa, O.D. (2012): Nigerian Art: Introductory Notes. Ibadan: Ababa Press Ltd. Ndubisi Ogomma A. (2010) A Hand Book on Textile, Emyn Nigeria, Hugetez Publisher. Ngumah, H. C, Ayoola, O., Dalhatu, S., and Samkay, A. (2013) Cultural and Creative Arts for Junior Secondary Schools. Ibadan: Evans Brothers Nigeria Ltd. Ogumor, E. (2007). Certificate Art. 4th Edition. Ibadan: Evans Press Ltd Read, Herbert (1972): The meaning of Art. England: Faber and Faber Ltd. http://www.dx.doi.org/10.3926/jotse.85