BRAIN. Broad Research in Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience
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2021, Volume 12, Issue 4, pages: 80-93 | https://doi.org/10.18662/brain/12.4/239

Cognitive and
Emotional
Components of the
Inner Picture of an
Individual Experience
in Terms of a
Pandemic
Yuliia RYBINSKA¹,
Oleksandra LOSHENKO2,
Nataliia POHORILSKA3,
Maryna ANTONIVSKA4,
Nataliia SARNOVSKA5,
Olha SHUM6

1 Doctor of Science (Dr. Hab) in Education,
Professor, Head of Foreign Philology Department,
Kyiv National University of Culture and Arts,
Kyiv, Ukraine, julialeo1619@gmail.com,
orcid.org/0000-0003-2185-7890
2 PhD in Psychology, Associate Professor,
Department of Experimental and Applied
Psychology, Taras Shevchenko National University
of Kyiv, Ukraine, psiholog3003@gmail.com,
orcid.org/0000-0002-3303-3162
3 PhD in Psychology, Associate Professor,
Department of General Psychology, Taras
Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine,
pogorilska_n@ukr.net, orcid.org/0000-0001-5297-
1624
4 Lecturer, Department of Foreign Philology, Kyiv
National University of Culture and Arts, Kyiv,
Ukraine, antonivska_maryna@ukr.net,
orcid.org/0000-0002-4451-3735
5 Lecturer, Department of Foreign Philology, Kyiv
National University of Culture and Arts, Kyiv,
Ukraine, nat_sarnovskaya@ukr.net,
orcid.org/0000-0001-7278-5183
6 PhD in Philological Science, Associate Professor,
Department of Foreign Philology, Kyiv National
University of Culture and Arts, Kyiv, Ukraine,
oshym@ukr.net, orcid.org/0000-0002-4638-843X

Abstract: The epidemic threat of COVID-19 has changed the socio-
psychological situation in general and has become a serious test for both
Ukrainian society and the whole of humanity. The purpose of this
research was to study the psychological characteristics of emotional
experiences and behavioral strategies in pandemic conditions. The study
involved 85 people aged 22 to 60, residents of Ukraine. In the research,
the participants of the study used Diener et al. Satisfaction with Life
Scale (SWSL) (1985), adapted by D. Leontiev & Osin (2020), the
method of SPANA (equivalent to the method of PANAS (Positive
and Negative Affect Schedule), adapted by E. Osin, Attitude to a
significant life situation, a method by E. Korzhova and A. Berdnikova.
The study identified both negative and positive changes caused by the
threat of a pandemic. Among the negative consequences, the respondents
most often indicated anxiety and fears, among the positive ones –
personal growth, strengthening family relationships, and others. The
research also provides data on the life satisfaction level and outlines the
behavioral strategies, which Ukrainians choose in a rapidly changing
environment. Thus, the majority of Ukrainians, namely 27% of the
sample, take a passive position on the prevailing conditions, feeling
powerless and helpless.

Keywords: COVID-19; emotional experiences; life satisfaction;
anxiety; fear; behavioral strategy.

How to cite: Rybinska, Y., Loshenko, O., Pohorilska, N.,
Antonivska, M., Sarnovska, N., & Shum, O. (2021). Cognitive
and Emotional Components of the Inner Picture of an

Individual Experience in Terms of a Pandemic. BRAIN. Broad
Research in Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience, 12(4), 80-93.
https://doi.org/10.18662/brain/12.4/239

https://doi.org/10.18662/brain/12.4/239
mailto:julialeo1619@gmail.com
mailto:psiholog3003@gmail.com
mailto:pogorilska_n@ukr.net
mailto:antonivska_maryna@ukr.net
mailto:nat_sarnovskaya@ukr.net
mailto:oshym@ukr.net
https://doi.org/10.18662/brain/12.4/239

BRAIN. Broad Research in December, 2021
Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience Volume 12, Issue 4

Introduction

The 21st century has brought to the lives of people worldwide not
only rapid scientific and technological progress but also several negative
events. Among them are the challenges of a global pandemic. Present-day
living conditions in the context of COVID-19 pandemic, accompanied by
changes in the socio-economic situation, and increase in the information
load lead to the formation of intrapersonal and interpersonal contradictions
among members of society, an increase in anxiety, insecurity, a sense of
uncertainty in the future, and a loss of the activity prospect. People around
the world have no idea what awaits them and what to hope for. Three main
questions hang in the air: “How to live now?”, “When will it all end?”, “Will
everything be as it was before?”. These, at first glance, concise questions make
our heart beat faster, feel anxiety, devastation, fatigue, and the like. Most do
not tolerate the uncertainty caused by pandemic conditions. The real threat
to the whole planet population is an increase in the number of suicidal
disorders. This was the reason for our study, the purpose of which was to
study the psychological characteristics of personality experiences and
behavioral strategies in a pandemic threat.

In 2020, several studies were conducted that examined the
psychological aspects of the pandemic consequences. Notably, it is noted
that the uncertainty situation has led to an increase in the number of
depressive disorders (Wang et al., 2020), as well as such negative reactions as
anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorder (Kumar & Somani, 2020). Studies
have also noted the impact of quarantine restrictions, which mainly lead to
post-traumatic stress and sleep disorders (Liu et al., 2020). In particular, the
study reveals that the rate of post-traumatic stress was four times higher in
children who were in quarantine than in those who were not. Also
informative is research conducted by Roy and colleagues in India (Roy et al.
2020) to examine the anxiety level and sleep problems in pandemic
conditions. It was found that 12% of people had sleep disorders of diverse
nature, and the anxiety level indicator was elevated. Thanks to these studies,
we already have an array of data that allows us to assume that the conditions
of a pandemic threat adversely affect the mental state of the person.

Methods and materials

The research team of the Faculty of Psychology of the Taras
Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, together with the scientific
team of the Department of Foreign Philology of Kyiv National

Cognitive and Emotional Components of the Inner Picture of an Individual …
Yuliia RYBINSKA, et al.

University of Culture and Arts, conducted an online survey of the
population of Ukraine in connection with COVID-19. The study involved
85 people aged 22 to 60, residents of Ukraine. In the research, we used E.
Diener et al. (1985) Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWSL), adapted by Osin
& Leontiev (2020). The method includes five questions, which involve the
choice of the answer on a seven-point scale. The scale measures the
cognitive assessment of the life circumstances compliance with the
individual expectations and reflects a general measure of internal harmony
and psychological satisfaction. The emotional component of life satisfaction
was studied through the frequency of the level of positive emotions and
negative affects using the technique of SPANA/ШПАНА (equivalent to
the method of PANAS (Positive and Negative Affect Schedule) (Osin,
2012). The subjects are asked to note the severity of 20 adjectives revealing
various psycho-emotional states. The result of this technique is two poles:
positive emotional feelings and negative emotional affects. The study also
used the “Attitude to a significant life situation”, a method by E.
Korzhova and A. Berdnikova which is designed to identify the specifics of
human interaction with the life situation (Korzhova & Berdnikova, 2016).
Several statements were brought to the attention of the people under the
research. In the first part, it was necessary to provide a detailed answer to
the question. The second part reveals the degree of agreement with the
proposed statements. The study situation is the quarantine situation
(currently adaptive) in the conditions of the COVID 19 pandemic. Such an
instruction allowed the experimenters, in no way, to direct attention to a
specific aspect, to get an actual picture of the respondents' experiences and
thoughts regarding the current situation.

Results

According to the results presented in Table 1, most often describing
the importance of the situation, the respondents indicated fear, anxiety for
their health (14% of the answers), and the health of their loved ones (8%).
Slightly fewer – 18% of answers told about the positive changes in their
lives, which became possible both through the pandemic and the
introduction of quarantine restrictions to limit the incidence. For example,
these are the answers: “For me, this is a time when I can save money on travel and
finally buy a car and make repairs in the apartment”, “Because I spend more time with
my husband, as he has to work from home, and, thanks to staying at home for a long
time, we had the opportunity to take a puppy”, “My husband and I became even closer, as
well as the whole family”, “Made me slow down and look around”, etc. The answers
often include the idea that life used to seem different and people often

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Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience Volume 12, Issue 4

wanted something different, but now it is important to maintain health, life.
“This situation made me stop (in terms of life functionality) and think about what I have
and how I want to live my life. This is when you have everything and nothing at the same
time. You live, do what you want, go where you want, and at one moment, everything is
taken away, and nothing is allowed, and at that moment came the realization that you
need to stop and start living a real present, not the phantom future”.

Table 1 - Frequency analysis of a situation description

№ Category Frequency of
occurrence, %

1 Negative experiences, fears
for loved ones

14
8 (total 22)

2 Values reassessment 18

3 Experiencing restrictions 13

4 Discovering other options and opportunities 13

5 Important for everyone 12

6 Global changes 11

7 Business and economy destruction 7

8 Nothing has changed in my life 4

13% of respondents noted the restrictions as the most important

aspect of the pandemic situation. These restrictions concern both the
possibilities of travel, shopping, social activities, and answers such as “my
freedom is limited”.

13% of responses reveal the pleasure of new opportunities that
began to open up both in the macro world and in internal priorities and
values. “The pandemic forced me to reconsider priorities, adapt to the
new, and I opened up loads of opportunities for myself,” “Gave
direction for new development,” “I realized that you could have a job
that does not depend on the location” and the like.

12% of the respondents agreed with the importance of the situation
that arose but did not specify why exactly the situation was serious.

11% of those studied indicated in their responses the globality of the
changes caused by the COVID 19 pandemic. For example, “For me, this is
a period of great change. We all learn to live in a new way and
according to new rules”, “New realities that dictate new rules,” etc.
7% of respondents complained about the economic destruction, the
complexity of small and medium-sized businesses, whose activities ceased or
suspended due to quarantine restrictions. And only 4% of the respondents
indicated in their answers that the pandemic situation, quarantine restrictions
are not significant to them.

Cognitive and Emotional Components of the Inner Picture of an Individual …
Yuliia RYBINSKA, et al.

In total, only 2% of the sample refused to answer the question on
the pandemic situation, namely, why the pandemic situation arises.
Accordingly, 98% tried to determine the causes. Thus, the respondents most
often (26% of the sample) claimed that the pandemic and quarantine
situation is essential to someone: “because someone needs it,” “political
games,” “because it is a business” and so on. The same percentage of
the sample (26%) revealed the cause of quarantine restrictions, as the fear of
multiple deaths, the desire to protect humanity from the intensive spread of
the virus. 11% of the sample noted that pandemics appear periodically and
are pretty logical. 9% of the sample saw in the ferocity of coronavirus
infection the wrong actions of humanity, as a whole, these are incorrect
values, disrespect for nature, and, accordingly, global warming, as a result of
people's wrong actions. 8% of the sample as the cause of the pandemic
indicated the virus novelty and the doctors' inability to repel the disease
quickly. And 1% of the researchers indicated that we would never know the
truthful cause of the pandemic.

(See Fig. 1)

Evaluating their actions, some of the subjects felt the complexity.
4% of the sample indicated that they “find it difficult to answer this question.” 8%
in response to the question “What part did you take in the situation under study”
indicated that “did not take,” and 6.5% indicated that took “none”
participation. 10% of the sample indicated their “passive” role without
specifying.

Irresponsibility
of people17%

Someone's
benefit27%

Rapid spread
of the

disease26%

Epidemics are
periodical 11%

The fault of
mankind 9%

Refusal to
respond 2%

No one would
ever know 1%

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Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience Volume 12, Issue 4

9% of the sample indicated active participation: “helped the company to
switch to remote work format,” “provided antiseptics and personal protective equipment to
vulnerable groups,” etc. 1.5% of the sample indicated that they “just were doing
their business.” And the largest percentage of the sample (61%) presented the
answers typical for isolation and self-isolation due to the pandemic: “I
follow all the recommendations and stay at home,” “I adhere to all the
rules and requirements” and the like.

Revealing the consequences of the pandemic, 46.5% of respondents
indicated negative consequences, 42.5% saw positive ones, and 11% of
respondents indicated neutral changes in their lives. Qualitative analysis of
negative impacts showed that most often (53% of negative consequences)
changes were manifested in the appearance of anxiety, fears, and a sense of
hopelessness. One subject pointed out that he felt acute fear of getting out
when quarantine was relieved. 23.5% of respondents complained about
losses due to the pandemic and the closure of borders: job loss in another
country, obstacles to change the country of residence, abandonment of
important events, etc. 17.5% of the sample faced financial constraints and
losses. And 6% of respondents complained about the shrinking time
perspective and difficulties in building long-term plans.

Among the positive results, the respondents indicated positive life
changes (31% of all answers with positive consequences), personal growth,
awareness of their resources (22%), time-release for themselves and their
needs (18%), strengthening family relations (16%) and familiarity with online
opportunities (13% of answers).

19% of the study sample believe that after the end of the pandemic
(one subject hopes for a vaccine), life will return to “pre-COVID” life, and
people will quickly forget about this disease. 81% of respondents believe
that life has already changed, and these changes will remain with them either
for a long time or forever. Most often, it was simply stated that changes
would be made, but some responses were detailed. Consequently, 16% of
answers about changes note their personal changes, which the subjects no
longer want to get rid of, also 16% of responses indicate adaptability to such
situations in the future, 10% of responses note fear of social contacts, 8%
are afraid of a global economic crisis, 6.5% complain about boundary
restrictions, and another 6.5% indicate that now, online forms of work
would be preferred where possible.

Cognitive and Emotional Components of the Inner Picture of an Individual …
Yuliia RYBINSKA, et al.

Statement Average Standard
Deviation

Everything in my power 1.60 .89

Not so much depends on me 1.44 1.00

It is good that everything happened that way. For
me, this is a valuable experience

1.25 1.04

That should not have happened to me .87 .91

There is nothing difficult for me in the situation 1,52 .94

The situation seems very complicated to me 1.79 .98

I believe that everything will be great 2.41 .81

I doubt that this will lead to anything good 1.09 .87

I take an active part 1.23 .86

I do not play an important role 1.60 .97

The evaluation was performed using a four-point scale from 0 to 3,

where 0 is the indicator of absolute disagreement with the statement, and 3
is the maximum degree of agreement. According to the results obtained, the
highest rating (with a low standard deviation) had the statement “I believe that
everything will be great,” which indicates the positive attitude of our subjects,
optimism. A more positive view of the situation is confirmed by the
agreement degree with the statements included in the parameter “optimism-
pessimism,” in particular: “I believe that everything will be great” (m = 2.41; σ =
0.81) and “I doubt that this will lead to anything good” (m = 1.09; σ = 0.87).

The statement “that should not have happened to me” received the lowest
score, which may indicate our subjects' acceptance of a pandemic situation
caused by COVID 19. This assumption confirms the general assessment of
the statements, the methodology authors attributed to the “acceptance-
rejection” pole, namely: “It is good that everything happened that way. For
me, this is a valuable experience” (m = 1.25; σ = 1.04) and “it should not have
happened to me” (m = 0.87; σ = 0.91). Low levels of agreement with these
statements indicate a generally faster positive emotional attitude to the
situation.

Degrees of agreement with the parameter statements “ease –
complexity” “There is nothing difficult for me in the situation” (m = 1.52; σ = 0.94)
and “The situation does not seem very simple" (m = 1.79; σ = 0.98) reveal the
difficulty in unambiguous assessment. Most likely, the situation seems
difficult for the subjects, but the above-described optimism helps to reduce
this complexity.

The same ambiguity appeared when answering the statement to the
parameter “internality-externality”: “The situation depends on me. Everything in my
power” (m = 1.6; σ = 0.89) and “Not so much depends on me. This is how the

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Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience Volume 12, Issue 4

circumstances turned out” (m = 1.44; σ = 1). It is likely that already at this stage,
the respondents perceive the situation of the pandemic as one that can be
controlled by them.

And the parameter “activity – passivity” covered the statement “I take an
active part” (m = 1.23; σ = 0.86) and “I do not play an important role” (m = 1.6; σ =
0,97). According to the answers, there is a slight predominance of the pole of
passivity. It is likely that quarantine situations, which continue to apply to
many spheres of life, are perceived by the subjects as limiting their activity.

Factor analysis of the above statements revealed their semantic
combination for the studied sample. The expediency of factor analysis is
indicated by the values of the KMO index (0.719) and Bartlett’s Test of
Sphericity (0.000). Due to factor analysis, four factors were identified, which
together covered 64% of the variance. To obtain more or less uniform filling
factors, we used the rotation of Quartimax.

Statement Components

1 2 3

Not so much depends on me .833

Everything in my power -.811

That should not have happened to me .588

The situation seems very complicated to me .582

It is good that everything happened that way. For
me, this is a valuable experience

-.562

I doubt that this will lead to anything good -.771

There is nothing difficult for me in the situation .767

I believe that everything will be great .672

I take an active part .846

I do not play an important role -.756

Three factors were obtained. The first factor, which explained 27%

of the variance, combined five statements: “Not so much depends on me”
(0.833), “Everything in my power” (-0.811), “It should not have happened to me”
(0.588), “The situation seems very complicated to me” (0.582) and “It is good that
everything happened that way. For me, this is a valuable experience” (-0.562). These
statements reveal feelings of helplessness, powerlessness, rejection of the
pandemic situation.

The second factor, which explained 21% of the total variance,
included statements that studied “I doubt that this will lead to anything good”
(-0.771), “there is nothing difficult for me in the situation” (0.767), and “I believe that

Cognitive and Emotional Components of the Inner Picture of an Individual …
Yuliia RYBINSKA, et al.

everything will be great” (0.672). This factor included positive emotional
experiences of the subjects.

The third factor (16% of the total variance) combined the statements
“I take an active part” (0.846) and “I do not play an important role” (-0.756), which
indicates a behavioral strategy to overcome feelings about the COVID-19
pandemic.

Next, we consider the results of the life satisfaction study of the
sample under research. We identified three levels of life satisfaction: low,
medium, and high. According to the obtained results, the most among the
studied people with a high degree of life satisfaction - 49.3 samples. In the
studied sample, the lowest number of people is with a low level of life
satisfaction - 9.3%. And, accordingly, individuals with an average satisfaction
level is 41, 3% of the subjects' sample.

Statement question Sample
covariance

Standard
Deviation

In many ways, my life corresponds to my
ideal

4.24 1.14

The conditions of my life are wonderful 5.17 1.06

I am satisfied with my life 5.06 1.04

I achieved almost everything I wanted in
my life

3.9 1.19

If I had the opportunity to live my life
again, I would not change almost anything
in it.

4.31 1.36

Analysis of the answers sample covariance showed that most of our
subjects are satisfied with living conditions and their lives in general. But the
least they are satisfied with their achievements and need more
accomplishments. Accordingly, according to these results, we can say that
for people with a high level of life satisfaction, the subjective perception of
the current life situation as prosperous is more important than the
correspondence of the life of the subjective ideal.

Thus, it is possible to claim that the subjects of our sample are
generally satisfied with their lives, live in psychologically comfortable
conditions, have a strong interest in life as the opposite of apathy, show
determination, commitment, consistency in achieving life goals; coherence
between set and actually achieved goals; positive assessment of one's
qualities and actions and the general positive mood background.

It was determined that life-satisfied subjects, often revealing their
degree of agreement with the statements described above, chose the average

BRAIN. Broad Research in December, 2021
Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience Volume 12, Issue 4

estimates of consent with the statement “do not play an important
role,” and those with low levels of life satisfaction most often agreed as
much as possible that they do not play an important role in the current
situation (score Phi = 0.418, Cramera V 0.296 at p = 0.041). There is likely a
clarification of the life satisfaction concept: a person with a low level of
satisfaction reacts more sharply to time constraints.

The next stage of the study was the analysis of the dominant
emotional experiences of the sample under study. As noted above, PANAS
(in Russian adaptation of SPANA/ШПАНА) has been used for this purpose.
We analyzed the results according to the principle provided in the
methodology. That is, we determined the indicators of positive and negative
effects. Also, factor analysis was used to clarify the emotional experiences of
the respondents, which helped to understand the internal picture of the
experiences.

Adjectives were grouped into four factors that generally explained
the 67.52% of the variance. The feasibility indicators of the factor are 0.821
KMO, respectively, and Bartlett’s statistical significance is 0.000.

Adjectives Components

1 2 3 4

anxious .856

restless .854

angry .825

nervous .824

irritated .814

scared .684

depressed .666

upset .594

inspired .839

enthusiastic .836

interested .727

confident .675

active .604

full .530

joyful .527

attentive .848

focused .745

decisive .539

guilty .900

embarrassed .789

Cognitive and Emotional Components of the Inner Picture of an Individual …
Yuliia RYBINSKA, et al.

The first factor includes adjectives that fill the negative factor of
feelings: anxious (0.856), restless (0.854), angry (0.825), nervous (0.824),
irritated (0.814), scared (0.684), depressed (0.666), upset (0.594)). Thus, the
first factor can be called the “negative pole,” where the dominant is
anxious, restless, and angry.

The second factor includes adjectives that belong to the positive pole
of emotional experiences: inspired (0.839), enthusiastic (0.836), interested
(0.727), confident (0.675), active (0.604), full (0.530) and joyful (0.527). You
can call the factor “positive emotions” with a predominance of inspiration and
admiration.

The third factor includes such adjectives as attentive (0.848), focused
(0.745), and decisive (0.539). This factor can be called the factor of attention.

Finally, the fourth factor combines two adjectives: guilty (0.900) and
embarrassed (0.789). This factor is called the guilt factor.

Analysis of the arithmetic mean sample revealed the dominance of
the positive pole of experiences (m = 33.12; σ = 6.9) over negative affects
(m = 20.23; σ = 7.46). Analysis of the arithmetic mean of the samples
according to the estimates of the expression degree of each adjective
emotion revealed leaders: decisive (m = 3.48), enthusiastic (m = 3.41), active
and focused (both received an average score of 3.37), focused (m = 3.36)
and attentive (m = 3.28). According to the subjects' assessments, emotions-
experiences were the least expressed: embarrassed (1.24), guilty (1.33), angry
(1.81), and scared (1.85).

Discussions

Recent events, namely the pandemic threat and quarantine
restrictions, have significantly changed the socio-psychological situation of
Ukrainians and caused numerous changes that have had both negative and
positive effects (Pohorilska, 2021). This study is aimed at studying the
subjective experiences of Ukrainian, namely their qualitative component in
pandemic conditions. Attention is paid to the study of the behavioral aspect
in complex life realities. The empirical study obtained results on the life
satisfaction level and revealed its content.

The pandemic and quarantine restrictions have highlighted the
experiences that characterize a situation of uncertainty (Skotnikova et al.,
2020). Conducted empirical study shows that during the period of adaptive
quarantine in a pandemic threat, most Ukrainian people worry about their
health (14%). The second place is occupied by fears for the health of
relatives, 8% of the sample. In general, health anxiety covers 22% of
respondents. However, in the course of our research, it turned out that

BRAIN. Broad Research in December, 2021
Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience Volume 12, Issue 4

Ukrainians observed not only the negative consequences of being in a
situation of long-term danger to health and life in general. 18% of
respondents felt pleasure through positive changes in their lives thanks to a
value reassessment. Researchers noted that the pandemic threat situation
opened up new opportunities for respondents and gave direction for further
development. A significant proportion of those investigated complained and
felt dissatisfied because of the restrictions that were imposed during adaptive
quarantine. In total, 13% of respondents were dissatisfied with the
restriction of social activity and perceived this as an attack on their freedom.
Only 4% of the sample considered the situation due to the pandemic, and
the restrictions that were imposed are not important. Qualitative analysis of
the pandemic threat consequences showed that respondents' responses to
the positive and negative consequences were divided almost equally. Thus,
46.5% of respondents noted negative changes, while 42.5% of respondents
indicated positive changes. Among the negative consequences were mostly
the appearance of anxiety, fears, feelings of hopelessness. Among the
positive changes, 22% of the sample indicated the possibility of personal
growth and awareness of own potential. A significant part of the sample
(18%) noted the free time as a positive factor that contributed to meeting
their needs. For 16% of the sample, experiencing a situation of uncertainty
led to family strengthening. Enrichment of experience as a positive change
was reflected in 13% of responses through acquaintance and mastery of
online opportunities.

As part of the pandemic threat situation, data were obtained on the
degree of satisfaction with the life of Ukrainians. Three degrees with high,
medium, and low levels of satisfaction were identified, respectively. It should
be noted that in a difficult situation, the majority of respondents (49.3%)
showed a high level of satisfaction from life. Among them, the respondents
are most satisfied with life in general and their living conditions. The average
assessment of life satisfaction was found in 41.3% of the sample. The lowest
percentage was given to the low level. Namely, 9.3% of respondents were
dissatisfied with their lives.

As a result of factor analysis, we obtained three behavioral strategies
that were characteristic of respondents in adaptive quarantine. For most
responses, which is 27% of the variance, the behavioral strategy of the
passive type prevails, which is expressed in experiences of helplessness,
powerlessness, and anticipation of a change in the current situation. The
behavioral strategy of the active type, which is 16% of the variance of all
responses, manifests itself in overcoming the adverse consequences of a
pandemic threat situation. 21% of the total variance were responses,

Cognitive and Emotional Components of the Inner Picture of an Individual …
Yuliia RYBINSKA, et al.

generally characterizing an optimistic behavioral strategy. Respondents of
this type generally experience positive emotions, rationally assess the current
situation, and are positive towards the future.

Conclusions

Analyzing the results of the study, it can be noted that in the context
of the COVID-19 pandemic, namely adaptive quarantine, the respondents often
felt fear, especially fear for their health and their loved ones. It should be noted that a
significant number of respondents mentioned crucial positive changes in their lives.
Qualitative analysis of the pandemic consequences showed that most often
among the pandemic negative impacts, the respondents indicated anxiety, fears, and
feelings of hopelessness. The positive consequences of the pandemic were -
personal growth, resource awareness, freeing time for themselves and their needs,
strengthening family relationships, as well as familiarity with online opportunities. We
also found a positive attitude of our subjects, the belief that everything will
be fine, and, in general, a positive emotional attitude to the situation. The
respondents feel that the situation is difficult but controlled. Their optimism
helps to cope with difficult circumstances. The study found the highest
number of people with a high level of life satisfaction and, accordingly, the
lowest, with low. Respondents are satisfied with their living conditions and their lives in
general. But they are least satisfied with their achievements and need further
accomplishments. Thus, this study demonstrates that an unexpected,
uncertain, and at the same time dangerous situation such as the COVID-19
pandemic can cause not only negative effects but also positive changes in the lives of
Ukrainians.

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