# bib

id: brainmatters-730
author: Kilikevicius, Laura
title: Table of Contents
date: 2021
pages: 1
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cache: cache/brainmatters-730.pdf
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summary:
  Table of Contents Table of Contents The Use of Virtual Reality to Treat Anxiety-Related Disorders......................1 Progression in Understanding Combat Induced Mental Disorders......................6 Symptoms and Possible Causes Cures for Parkinsons Disease.......................8 Loneliness in the Mind.......................................................................................11 Alcoholic disruption of function in neurophysiological pathways and retrogressive development in size and capability of cognitive neurobiological structures throughcontinual exposure................................14 Rajvi Javeri Dominick Ramirez Michael McHenry Hari Balachandran Juan Bautista


id: brainmatters-824
author: Javeri, Rajvi
title: About Brain Matters
date: 2022
pages: 1
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mime: application/pdf
words: 122
sentence: 7
flesch: 56
cache: cache/brainmatters-824.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-824.txt
summary:
  Sponsors The Undergraduate Neuroscience Society (UNS) sponsors the Brain Matters journal. Copy of Brain Matters Template Final About Brain Matters Brain Matters discusses all things neuroscience, psychology, and biology written by UIUC’s very own.


id: brainmatters-859
author: Javeri, Rajvi
title: Table of Contents
date: 2023
pages: 1
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words: 90
sentence: 2
flesch: 25
cache: cache/brainmatters-859.pdf
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summary:
  i The Academic Advantages of a Bilingual Brain Emma Ibanez.................................................................................8 Ependymoma Tumor Diagnosis: Pathophysiology and Prognosis of Pediatric and Adult Patients Christopher Jones...........................................................................5 The Duality of Languages: Bilingualism and Its Effects on the Brain Estefania Baez................................................................................10 Articles...................................................................................1 About the Writers........................................................................28 Meet the Board...........................................................................24 The Future of Neuroregeneration Hanifa Mohammed..........................................................................16 Olfactory Responses by Memory Laura Kilikevicius...........................................................................20 The Thalamic Bridge to Cognition and Consciousness Lina Issa........................................................................................13 Table of Contents Outline on Exercise and Brain Function Andrew Zhang...............................................................................1 Brain Matters・Volume V Issue ii


id: brainmatters-619
author: Bukhari, Fiza
title: Writer's Bio
date: 2019
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 251
sentence: 15
flesch: 54
cache: cache/brainmatters-619.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-619.txt
summary:
  She is excited to help facilitate gen- eral knowledge and interest in neuroscience topics through Brain Matters. He is excited to see “Brain Matters” continue to grow throughout his time at UIUC.


id: brainmatters-823
author: Javeri, Rajvi
title: Brain Matters Writers
date: 2022
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 314
sentence: 19
flesch: 61
cache: cache/brainmatters-823.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-823.txt
summary:
  Copy of Brain Matters Template Final She is excited to be a part of this volume of Brain Matters to increase discussion.


id: brainmatters-807
author: Kilikevicius , Laura
title: Brain Matters Board
date: 2022
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 896
sentence: 48
flesch: 54
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summary:
  Brain Matters Board Julia Gainski is a junior majoring in Integrative Biology with a minor in German. Brain Matters Board Carolyn is a junior majoring in Molecular and Cellular Biology and is currently conducting research in neurochemistry in Dr. Jonathan V. Sweedler’s lab.


id: brainmatters-736
author: Balachandran, Hari
title: Loneliness in the Mind
date: 2021
pages: 3
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words: 1946
sentence: 89
flesch: 51
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txt: txt/brainmatters-736.txt
summary:
  A person being alone does not necessarily mean they suffer from the feelings of social isolation. The heightened fear response likely suggests that social isolation may have been causing harm to the mice.


id: brainmatters-864
author: Baez, Estefania
title: The Duality of Languages: Bilingualism and Its Effects on the Brain
date: 2023
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1646
sentence: 91
flesch: 49
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txt: txt/brainmatters-864.txt
summary:
  Shared and separate systems in bilingual language processing: converging evidence from eyetracking and brain imaging. In addition, bilingual individuals experience a specific pattern of brain activity when switching from one language to another- dubbed ‘codeswitching’.


id: brainmatters-816
author: Javed, Nabiha
title: Life Cycle of Neurons
date: 2022
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1777
sentence: 113
flesch: 61
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txt: txt/brainmatters-816.txt
summary:
  Neurons are born in areas in the brain rich with neural stem cells; neural stem cells have the ability to create most, if not all, of the varieties of neurons and glial cells found in the brain and spinal cord. Stress, the aging brain, and the mechanisms of neuron death.


id: brainmatters-620
author: Bukhari, Fiza
title: About Undergraduate Neuroscience Journal and Undergraduate Neuroscience Society
date: 2019
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 98
sentence: 5
flesch: 24
cache: cache/brainmatters-620.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-620.txt
summary:
  Events such as Brain Awareness week and fundraisers for the Brain and Behavior Research Foundation are held. 16 Address and Contact information here: uiucundergradneurosociety@gmail.com About Undergraduate Neuroscience Journal and Undergraduate Neuroscience Society


id: brainmatters-687
author: Gainski, Julia
title: The Differences between ADHD Brains vs. Non ADHD Brains
date: 2020
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2069
sentence: 96
flesch: 52
cache: cache/brainmatters-687.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-687.txt
summary:
  There are many common misconceptions between differentiating ADHD brains and non ADHD brains, the cause of which largely stems from the stigmatization of men- tal health disorders. These differences be- come less and less distinct over time as opposed to the dras- tic differences seen between children with ADHD brains in comparison to children who do not have ADHD.


id: brainmatters-882
author: Kulkarni, Saani
title: Can Gene Editing Be The Key to Treating Alzheimers?
date: 2023
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1894
sentence: 78
flesch: 48
cache: cache/brainmatters-882.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-882.txt
summary:
  A significant positive towards gene editing would be the failure of other treatments to surpass the blood-brain barrier; however, gene therapy has the ability to surpass such obstructions. Due to the precision of gene editing and the nature of the disease, teams worldwide have been examining the potential to treat Alzheimers using a variety of gene editing techniques.


id: brainmatters-617
author: Wu, Victoria
title: Neurological Benefits of Mindfulness
date: 2019
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1978
sentence: 122
flesch: 52
cache: cache/brainmatters-617.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-617.txt
summary:
  Incredibly, mindfulness meditation not only lowers the feelings of fear in those with anxiety disorders but also raises the quality of life in patients with depression. Focused breathing is a method of mindfulness meditation that requires sustained attention to the body and present moment.


id: brainmatters-689
author: Sobecks, Briana
title: Language Acquisition Device and the Origin of Language
date: 2020
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2199
sentence: 129
flesch: 60
cache: cache/brainmatters-689.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-689.txt
summary:
  According to support- ers of cognitive language development, children use innate perceptual and cognitive skills to learn language, but these skills are not language-specific, since they allow children to earn other interpersonal communication skills. Since people can say and understand unique sentences, language ability must transcend pure conditioning.


id: brainmatters-860
author: Zhang, Andrew
title: Outline on Exercise and Brain Function
date: 2023
pages: 4
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mime: application/pdf
words: 2155
sentence: 173
flesch: 57
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txt: txt/brainmatters-860.txt
summary:
  Most of the newly generated neurons appear in the hippocampal dentate gyrus, a region highly responsible for learning and storing long-term memories (Cho et al., 2013). Brain scans in animal studies have also shown improvement from exercise in vascular structures in the brain, like increased blood flow and permeability of the blood brain barrier (Yau et al., 2014).


id: brainmatters-878
author: Babu, Alisha
title: Using Oxytocin as a Therapy For Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder
date: 2023
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2202
sentence: 137
flesch: 49
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summary:
  Though there are no acknowledged cures, there are many types of therapies for children with ASD - all aimed at improving their symptoms (“Autism spectrum disorder”, 2022). Using Oxytocin as a Therapy For Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder Alisha Babu Introduction In 2018 it was established that an average of 1 in 4 children are diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder by the CDC (“Data and statistics”, 2022).


id: brainmatters-612
author: Bukhari, Fiza
title: Table of Contents
date: 2019
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 88
sentence: 2
flesch: 35
cache: cache/brainmatters-612.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-612.txt
summary:
  2 Contents • Editor’s Note 3 • A Brief Review on the Nutrient Effects on the Brain and Implications by Do Yeon (Jason) Kim 4 • Brain Development of Schizophrenic Patients by Bailey S. Zinger 6 • Neural Pathways of Anxiety by Luke LaLonde 8 • Neurological Benefits of Mindfulness by Victoria Wu 10 • The Origin, History and Science of Memory by Neil Doherty 12 • Writer’s Bio 15 CC Image courtesy by balapagos on Flickr On the Cover: A beautiful brain with augumenter colors. CC Image courtesy by _DJ_ on Flickr.


id: brainmatters-863
author: Ibanez, Emma
title: The Academic Advantages of a Bilingual Brain
date: 2023
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1554
sentence: 87
flesch: 46
cache: cache/brainmatters-863.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-863.txt
summary:
  Inhibition tests like the Advanced DCCS from the Carlson and Meltzoff study found that bilingual children were better than monolingual children in evaluating conflicting information through suppression of a previously learned 8Brain Matters・Volume V Issue ii concept to adapt to the new requirements of a task. In the collected data, bilingual children made fewer mistakes than monolingual children in choosing the right response, meaning that they were better able to inhibit a conflicting response by remembering the game rules and applying them to the provided stimulus.


id: brainmatters-685
author: Romanchek, Thomas
title: Outcomes in Neuroscience Education: Modular Theory and Network Theory
date: 2020
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1490
sentence: 100
flesch: 50
cache: cache/brainmatters-685.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-685.txt
summary:
  These ablations, however, caused varied deficiencies and behavioral abnormalities suggesting that some interplay did still exist between brain regions and behavior (Yildirim & Sarikcioglu, 2004). Positron emission tomog- raphy (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (Figure 4) allowed scientists to observe the brain in action and directly measure the activ- ity of brain regions through the circula- tion and exchange of blood and oxygen.


id: brainmatters-820
author: Mahat, Apil
title: Why Do We Procrastinate?
date: 2022
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1835
sentence: 93
flesch: 43
cache: cache/brainmatters-820.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-820.txt
summary:
  The issue that many students have is a consistent inability to do tasks in a timely and organized manner, leading to assignments and other work to be done last minute and result in lower quality. The origin of procrastination can vary from person to person, however in general this behavior is the result of many biological and psychological factors.


id: brainmatters-821
author: Javeri, Rajvi
title: Table of Contents
date: 2022
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 67
sentence: 2
flesch: 37
cache: cache/brainmatters-821.pdf
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summary:
  Copy of Brain Matters Template Final Table of Contents Life Cycle of Neurons Nabiha Javed 01 Brain Matters・Volume V ii 07 19 09 11 14 Antisense Oligonucleotides Mediated Therapy for Neurodegenerative Disease Apurva Nayak Impact of Gestational Period Stress and Early Life Stressors on Child Development Karishma Patel Why Do We Procrastinate? Apil Mahat How To Improve Memory Andrew Zhang Brain Matters Board 05 Brain Matters Writers


id: brainmatters-691
author: Bukhari, Fiza
title: Meet the Writers
date: 2020
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 241
sentence: 12
flesch: 56
cache: cache/brainmatters-691.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-691.txt
summary:
  Briana Sobecks Writer Major: Chemical Engineering Activities: American Chemical Society, Newman Center Choir, Campus Honors Student Council 13 Brain Matters Volume 2 She is very excited to have her first article published in Brain Matters!


id: brainmatters-812
author: Gainski, Julia
title: Unraveling Human Intelligence
date: 2022
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 3352
sentence: 157
flesch: 44
cache: cache/brainmatters-812.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-812.txt
summary:
  Fluid intelligence demonstrates the ability to solve problems through abstract thinking and reasoning. Accordingly, crystallized intelligence reaches its apex typically between the age range of 60 to 70 years old while fluid intelligence has the potential to reach its climax around the age of 20 years old and consequently begin to level off following this age (Trafton 2015).


id: brainmatters-806
author: Kilikevicius , Laura
title: Table of Contents
date: 2022
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 49
sentence: 2
flesch: 35
cache: cache/brainmatters-806.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-806.txt
summary:
  Table of Contents How to Improve Memory.....................................................................................................................1 Andrew Zhang Consumer Neuroscience: The use of neuroscience techniques to create better advertising..............................................................6 Nicole Chilibovytsch Origins of Excersize-Induced Neurogenisis...............................................................................9 Sanjana Venkatarman The Relationship Between Sleep Deprivation and Brain Health................................14 Emma Ibanez Unraveling Human Intelligence.....................................................................................................17 Julia Gainski


id: brainmatters-613
author: Bukhari, Fiza
title: Editor's Note
date: 2019
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 467
sentence: 23
flesch: 51
cache: cache/brainmatters-613.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-613.txt
summary:
  He is very excited to introduce “Brain Matters” to the UIUC community and hopes to broaden undergraduate interest in the field! She is thrilled to be working on “Brain Matters” and hopes to broaden the knowledge of current neuroscience research across campus.


id: brainmatters-808
author: Zhang, Andrew
title: How to Improve Memory
date: 2022
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 3664
sentence: 218
flesch: 62
cache: cache/brainmatters-808.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-808.txt
summary:
  For example, in a neuro- logical study conducted on memory atheletes and control participants, those who utilized the method of loci performed significantly better than other strategies, like active or passive learning, even up to at least 4 months later (Dresler et al., 2017). In an fMRI scan done on the participants, during memory consolidation and retrieval, those who trained with memory of loci had heightened activity between visual lobes, temporal lobes, and default mode networks (Dresler et al., 2017).


id: brainmatters-819
author: Zhang, Andrew
title: How To Improve Memory
date: 2022
pages: 5
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 3656
sentence: 240
flesch: 61
cache: cache/brainmatters-819.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-819.txt
summary:
  In one experiment (Snyder et al., 2005), rats were tested on a water maze. Compared to normal rats, those with their hippocampus damaged through irradiation performed significantly worse in the water maze only after a few weeks, and showed decreases in BrdU in neurons, meaning less formation of new neurons (Snyder et al., 2005).


id: brainmatters-688
author: Kim, Chloe
title: Therapeutic Techniques for Neural Regeneration in the Central Nervous System
date: 2020
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2488
sentence: 139
flesch: 47
cache: cache/brainmatters-688.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-688.txt
summary:
  As a result, several methods, including the use of stem cells, brain drug delivery, and implanting degradable biomaterial, have been actively researched to enhance regeneration in CNS. Reactive synaptogenesis is the process in which neighboring neurons form new synaptic contacts to replace those lost, contrib- uting to a restoration of function following brain injury.


id: brainmatters-817
author: Patel, Karishma
title: Impact of Gestational Period Stress and Early Life Stressors on Child Development
date: 2022
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1399
sentence: 63
flesch: 35
cache: cache/brainmatters-817.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-817.txt
summary:
  While prenatal stress can enhance child development, it is the nature, magnitude, chronicity, timing of the stress, and the pregnant mother’s biological/psychological response to the stress that will determine it as deleterious or not (Buss et al., 2012). Effects of early life stress on cognitive and affective function: an integrated review of human literature.


id: brainmatters-684
author: Bukhari, Fiza
title: Table of Contents
date: 2020
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 724
sentence: 25
flesch: 32
cache: cache/brainmatters-684.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-684.txt
summary:
  It is the goal of this article to inform the reader about the current state of debate between modular and network brain theories of brain organization and function, to elucidate the profound bias in education - particularly undergraduate education - toward the use and exploration of modular theory, and an examination of the benefits of readapting neuroscience education to give either commeasurable or greater coverage of the alternative network theory in neural organization and function. The advent and introduction of more sophisticated brain imaging and stimulatory technologies such as fMRI and TEM, along with the development of more precise methodology for experimental lesion induction and neuron inhibition, have cast doubt on traditional modular theory (Badcock et al., 2019).


id: brainmatters-822
author: Javeri, Rajvi
title: Brain Matters Board
date: 2022
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1047
sentence: 51
flesch: 50
cache: cache/brainmatters-822.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-822.txt
summary:
  He looks forward to making Brain Matters an inclusive and engaging scientific committee on campus Design Board* 3 Br ai n M at te rs B oa rd *Due to publishing delays, Volume 5 was designed by the design board team from the 2022-2023 academic year Katy is a Junior in Brain in Cognitive Science, soon to be an MCB major with a certificate in neuroscience! Apart from her role in Brain Matters as a writer, and recently appointed Design Team member and Editor, She is a research assistant in the Physical Activity and Neurocognitive Health Lab, as well as the Evolutionary Immunology and Genomics Laboratory.


id: brainmatters-811
author: Ibanez, Emma
title: The Relationship Between Sleep Deprivation and Brain Health
date: 2022
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2010
sentence: 125
flesch: 61
cache: cache/brainmatters-811.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-811.txt
summary:
  Sleep deprivation is widespread among adults and teenagers alike, so the effects of sleep deprivation can also negatively impact performance in school and work settings. In addition to individual habits, sleep disorders are also a major factor in sleep deprivation.


id: brainmatters-738
author: Kilikevicius, Laura
title: Brain Matters Writers
date: 2021
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 377
sentence: 22
flesch: 63
cache: cache/brainmatters-738.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-738.txt
summary:
  Extra- curricular organizations besides Brain Matters at UNS, include profes- sional development chair at Minorities in Health Sciences and founder of Bandside UIUC a platform for student rock bands. In addition to writing for Brain Matters, Michael is a member of the Illinois Medical Screening Society and plays trumpet for the Marching Illini.


id: brainmatters-891
author: Wang, Violet
title: Hippocampus Structure and Functions
date: 2023
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1265
sentence: 85
flesch: 55
cache: cache/brainmatters-891.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-891.txt
summary:
  The hippocampus is divided in the middle into dorsal hippocampus and ventral hippocampus. Moreover, previous studies of anatomy revealed that the input and output connections of the dorsal hippocampus and ventral hippocampus are different (Swanson & Cowan, 1977).


id: brainmatters-731
author: Kilikevicius, Laura
title: Brain Matters Staff
date: 2021
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 559
sentence: 27
flesch: 53
cache: cache/brainmatters-731.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-731.txt
summary:
  She is excit- ed to collaborate with the other students behind “Brain Matters” and promote brain awareness on Campus. She is so excited to work with her fellow students to expand our campus’s appreciation for neuroscience through Brain Matters!


id: brainmatters-690
author: Bukhari, Fiza
title: About Brain Matters & Meet the Editorial Board
date: 2020
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 409
sentence: 19
flesch: 50
cache: cache/brainmatters-690.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-690.txt
summary:
  She is thrilled to be working on “Brain Matters” and hopes to broaden the knowledge of current neuro- science research across cam- pus. She is delighted to collaborate and learn with the other students behind “Brain Matters”.


id: brainmatters-734
author: Ramirez, Dominick
title: Progression in Understanding Combat Induced Mental Disorders
date: 2021
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1119
sentence: 61
flesch: 54
cache: cache/brainmatters-734.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-734.txt
summary:
  While these conditions often exist simultaneously and have similar symptoms, bTBI is a form of traumatic brain injury which is currently not very well understood and, therefore, more difficult to detect and treat. In one case, scientists found that brains of deceased veterans that survived explosions and lived for years afterward had a unique honeycomb pattern of axonopathy or damage to nerve cells called axons, which are different damage patterns from other types of head injuries.


id: brainmatters-869
author: Javeri, Rajvi
title: Brain Matters Board
date: 2023
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1065
sentence: 53
flesch: 51
cache: cache/brainmatters-869.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-869.txt
summary:
  He looks forward to making Brain Matters an inclusive and engaging scientific committee on campus Zainab Hashmi is a sophomore pursuing a dual degree in Psychology and Information Science with a minor in computer science. She is the Public Relations Chair and a writer for Brain Matters.


id: brainmatters-867
author: Mohammed, Hanifa
title: The Future of Neuroregeneration
date: 2023
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2825
sentence: 171
flesch: 52
cache: cache/brainmatters-867.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-867.txt
summary:
  Now that the transgenic mice had a build up of amyloid plaques Fujiwara et al. implanted human iPSC into these mice and attempted to regenerate cholinergic neurons, common nerve cells that serve as acetylcholine neurotransmitters, to ascertain the role iPSC cells may have in reversing the buildup phenotype. In order to study how iPSCs could reverse the effects of amyloid plaques, a study by Fujiwara et al., treated transgenic mice with amyloid plaque build up with an iPSC therapy.


id: brainmatters-809
author: Chlibovytsch, Nicole
title: Consumer Neuroscience: The use of neuroscience techniques to create better advertising
date: 2022
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1895
sentence: 84
flesch: 54
cache: cache/brainmatters-809.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-809.txt
summary:
  Analysis of the techniques, their effectiveness, and what exactly they can do is important in determining where the boundaries of consumer neuroscience should lie. While there are accuracy benefits involved with consumer neuroscience, there are also possible ethical drawbacks in employ-


id: brainmatters-735
author: McHenry, Michael
title: Symptoms and Possible Causes Cures for Parkinsons Disease
date: 2021
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1682
sentence: 74
flesch: 56
cache: cache/brainmatters-735.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-735.txt
summary:
  Currently, the most common treatments for Parkinson’s are drugs that raise dopamine levels with- in the patient’s brain. While they are somewhat effective, to- day’s Parkinson’s treatments are only able to lessen the symptoms of the disease, as they cannot attack the root causes of the disease.


id: brainmatters-615
author: Zinger, Bailey S.
title: Brain Development of Schizophrenic Patients
date: 2019
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1670
sentence: 82
flesch: 41
cache: cache/brainmatters-615.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-615.txt
summary:
  Gray matter loss leading to disrupted belief in schizophrenia patients may explain why those with the disease become confused about what is real versus imaginary, and that the familiar begins to feel strange in the effect of derealization 7 or depersonalization. Due to the complex nature of the disorder, two leading theories of schizophrenia onset have been considered, but there is not yet one sure method to diagnose and treat individuals with the disorder.


id: brainmatters-616
author: LaLonde, Luke
title: Neural Pathways of Anxiety
date: 2019
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1743
sentence: 84
flesch: 50
cache: cache/brainmatters-616.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-616.txt
summary:
  Another type of anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), is characterized by constant and excessive uneasiness about routine life circumstances. This is noteworthy because anxiety disorders, GAD in particular, are a result of prolonged overactivity of the amygdala, which causes the brain to be in a constant state of fear or anxiety (Patriquin, 2017).


id: brainmatters-985
author: Bishka, Michelle
title: About Brain Matters
date: 2025
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 135
sentence: 6
flesch: 57
cache: cache/brainmatters-985.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-985.txt
summary:
  The journal is mainly written for the college community yet is accessible to anyone as Brain Matters is published in an Open Access format by the University Library at the University of Illinois Urbana- Champaign. About Brain Matters Brain Matters discusses all things neuroscience, psychology, and biology written by UIUC’s very own.


id: brainmatters-737
author: Bautista, Juan
date: 2021
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2014
sentence: 120
flesch: 45
cache: cache/brainmatters-737.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-737.txt
title:
  Alcoholic disruption of function in neurophysiological pathways and retrogressive development in size and capability of cognitive neurobiological structures through continual exposure

summary:
  Immediate and prolonged effects of alcohol exposure on the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal axis in adult and adolescent rats. The high preva- lence among young adults is particularly dangerous be- cause their brains are still developing and alcohol may accelerate some deleterious effects and disrupt synaptic rearrangement of the later stages of neural maturation.


id: brainmatters-733
author: Javeri, Rajvi
title: The Use of Virtual Reality to Treat Anxiety-Related Disorders
date: 2021
pages: 5
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2904
sentence: 174
flesch: 56
cache: cache/brainmatters-733.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-733.txt
summary:
  For example, in treating patients who are afraid of heights or flying on airplanes, the therapist could use VR treatment to be able to manipulate aspects- such as turbulence, take-off and landing, as well as repeated exposure- all during the course of one consultation visit (Rothbaum). Virtual reality therapy has been most effec- tive in its use for exposure therapies as in the case of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Phobias.


id: brainmatters-888
author: Masud, Sarah
title: Using Cognitive Therapy Methods to Treat Musical Performance Anxiety
date: 2023
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 964
sentence: 55
flesch: 45
cache: cache/brainmatters-888.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-888.txt
summary:
  Copy of Volume 6 - publication Using Cognitive Therapy Methods to Treat Musical Performance Anxiety Sarah Masud When it comes to exams, public speaking, and completing tasks in general, performance anxiety appears to be a common experience. The difference is that social anxiety is broadly concerned with embarrassment and humiliation in social situations while individuals with performance anxiety specifically fear the consequences of performing poorly.


id: brainmatters-938
author: Smith, Tyler
date: 2024
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5
sentence: 1
flesch: 66
summary: Copy of Volume 7 - Publication
cache: cache/brainmatters-938.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-938.txt
title:
  Restoring Public Trust in Science and Clearing Up Misconceptions About Alzheimer's Disease Controversies


id: brainmatters-866
author: Issa, Lina
title: The Thalamic Bridge to Cognition and Consciousness
date: 2023
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1824
sentence: 101
flesch: 45
cache: cache/brainmatters-866.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-866.txt
summary:
  This further promotes categorization of thalamic nuclei as either ‘first-order’ (FO) or ‘higher-order’ (HO) based on where they receive their driving input from. Figure 1: Thalamic nuclei.


id: brainmatters-895
author: Kilikevicius, Laura
title: About the Writers
date: 2023
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1326
sentence: 67
flesch: 55
cache: cache/brainmatters-895.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-895.txt
summary:
  46 Br ai n M at te rs W ri te rs Brain Matters Volume VI Br ai n M at te rs W ri te rs Bilal is an undergraduate student currently studying Biomolecular Engineering on a pre-med track. She is involved in Brain Matters as a design team member, editor, and writer.


id: brainmatters-818
author: Nayak, Apurva
title: Antisense Oligonucleotides Mediated Therapy for Neurodegenerative Disease
date: 2022
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2162
sentence: 125
flesch: 50
cache: cache/brainmatters-818.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-818.txt
summary:
  ASO strategies utilize synthetic oligonucleotides which bind to the target mRNA by Watson-Crick hybridization and can either promote or inhibit the degradation of this RNA, leading to a knock down of gene expression. ASO strategies utilize synthetic oligonucleotides which bind to the target mRNA by Watson-Crick hybridization and can either promote or inhibit the degradation of this RNA, leading to a knock down of gene expression.


id: brainmatters-871
author: Javeri, Rajvi
title: About Brain Matters
date: 2023
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 116
sentence: 7
flesch: 56
cache: cache/brainmatters-871.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-871.txt
summary:
  Authors come from diverse backgrounds, such as computer science and engineering majors. The journal is mainly written for the college community yet is accessible to anyone as Brain Matters is uploaded as an Open Access Journal format by the University Library.


id: brainmatters-614
author: Kim, Do Yeon (Jason)
title: A Brief Review on the Nutrient Effects on the Brain and Implications
date: 2019
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2446
sentence: 129
flesch: 55
cache: cache/brainmatters-614.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-614.txt
summary:
  Recently, new evidence has suggested that diet plays a role in altering brain functions. Brain function and mental illnesses have often been associated with factors like mental stress and emotionality.


id: brainmatters-810
author: Venkataraman, Sanjana
title: Origins of Exercise-Induced Neurogenesis
date: 2022
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 3711
sentence: 190
flesch: 51
cache: cache/brainmatters-810.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-810.txt
summary:
  There is evidence to support the idea that voluntary exercise has aided in combating some biological symptoms of diseases associated with the degeneration of the brain and nervous system (Adlard, et al., 2005; Voss et al., 2013). Voluntary exercise decreases amyloid load in a transgenic model of Alzheimer’s disease.


id: brainmatters-862
author: Jones, Christopher
title: Ependymoma Tumor Diagnosis: Pathophysiology and Prognosis of Pediatric and Adult Patients
date: 2023
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1966
sentence: 138
flesch: 52
cache: cache/brainmatters-862.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-862.txt
summary:
  Brain tumors are a collection of neoplasms that arise either from within the brain itself, or from systemic tumors that have metastasized to the brain. Symptoms of Brain tumors include seizures, headaches, fatigue and cognitive dysfunction.


id: brainmatters-892
author: Bashir, Neha
title: Social Media Effect on Brain Plasticity
date: 2023
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 804
sentence: 44
flesch: 56
cache: cache/brainmatters-892.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-892.txt
summary:
  However, her infatuation for social media began to affect how well she was doing in class. Lucy’s addiction to social media provides insight on brain plasticity and the effect social media exposure has on it.


id: brainmatters-879
author: Aydogan, Shireen
title: Unlocking the Inner Genius Within
date: 2023
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2123
sentence: 133
flesch: 52
cache: cache/brainmatters-879.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-879.txt
summary:
  The characteristics of acquired savant syndrome are parallel to people with autism who have savant syndrome. Relatively new technologies and current research is promising to understanding acquired savant syndrome and gives light to possibilities of unlocking one's inner genius.


id: brainmatters-893
author: Kilikevicius, Laura
title: Table of Contents
date: 2023
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 200
sentence: 3
flesch: -10
cache: cache/brainmatters-893.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-893.txt
summary:
  The Mind-body Problem and Cognitive Neuroscience: A Brief History and Outlook Alex Ball.......................................................................................15 Deep Brain Stimulation - Advancements in Clinical Medicine, Innovation in Cutting-Edge Technology Bilal Karim...................................................................................19 The Overlap Between Neuroscience and Psychiatry: An Exploration of the Effectiveness of Neurological Applications in Treating Psychiatric Disorders Michelle Bishka.............................................................................22 Unlocking the Inner Genius Within Shireen Aydogan............................................................................25 Biochemical Mechanisms of Dendritic Nonlinearities and their Application in Computational Models Matthew Babik...............................................................................28 iBrain Matters Volume VI Brain Matters Volume VI ii About the Writers...................................................................46 Meet the Board......................................................................43 Using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Methods to Treat Musical Performance Anxiety Sarah Masud...................................................................................32 Hippocampus Structure & Functions Violet Wang....................................................................................39 The Neurobiological Basis of the Placebo Effect and Potential Therapeutic Applications Celeste Acosta.................................................................................34 Alzheimer's and Microbes Casey Meskovich.............................................................................36 Social Media Effect on Brain Plasticity Neha Bashir....................................................................................41 Micro-Articles....................................................................32 Copy of Volume 6 - publication Table of Contents Using Oxytocin as a Therapy For Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder Alisha Babu...................................................................................1 The Neurobiology Behind the Making of the Antisocial Personality Type Vyapti Patel...................................................................................7 Implications of GPCRs in Alzheimer’s Katilyn Simmons...........................................................................4 Can Gene Editing Be The Key to Treating Alzheimers?


id: brainmatters-1010
author: Bishka, Michelle
title: Editors
date: 2025
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 559
sentence: 31
flesch: 55
cache: cache/brainmatters-1010.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-1010.txt
summary:
  Brain Matters・Volume VII 90 Br ai n M at te rs B oa rd Br ai n M at te rs B oa rd Megan Lu is a Sophomore majoring in Brain & Cognitive Science with a minor in Health Administration and Business. Volume 8 (will be Vol 7 on site) Editors Macy is a freshman at UIUC majoring in Brain and Cognitive Science with minors in Integrative Biology and Music.


id: brainmatters-933
author: Mu, Cynthia; Shao, Emily; Parker, Jones G.
date: 2024
pages: 5
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5
sentence: 1
flesch: 66
summary: Copy of Volume 7 - Publication
cache: cache/brainmatters-933.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-933.txt
title:
  Immediate Early Gene Expression in D1-SPNs and D2-SPNs During a Striatum-dependent Reinforcement Learning Task 


id: brainmatters-889
author: Acosta, Celeste
title: The Neurobiological Basis of the Placebo Effect and Potential Therapeutic Applications
date: 2023
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 791
sentence: 42
flesch: 60
cache: cache/brainmatters-889.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-889.txt
summary:
  Placebo effects and the molecular biological components involved. In fact, the main area of the brain that stores mental representations of the world in order to create our own internal beliefs is the prefrontal cortex (Sathyanarayana Rao et al., 2009).


id: brainmatters-890
author: Meskovich, Casey
title: Alzheimer's and Microbes
date: 2023
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1370
sentence: 88
flesch: 58
cache: cache/brainmatters-890.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-890.txt
summary:
  The Link Between Alzheimer Disease and Herpes Simplex Virus Infection: Better Late Than Never, or Better Never Than Late? National Library of Medicine. Now, Itzhaki’s work is the backbone of an ongoing, cutting-edge trial on antiviral treatments for Alzheimer’s at Columbia University.


id: brainmatters-886
author: Babik, Matthew
title: Biochemical Mechanisms of Dendritic Nonlinearities and their Application into Computational Models
date: 2023
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 3266
sentence: 188
flesch: 42
cache: cache/brainmatters-886.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-886.txt
summary:
  Dendritic spines contain the intracellular machinery to translate these messages, thus modifications are highly regulated and able to be localized to the environment near the postsynaptic area (Bramham & Wells, 2007). This bubble will begin to localize intracellular machinery and eventually produce a working Abstract While dendritic spines make up only a small portion of the entire neuronal system, multiple intracellular mechanisms are localized to these points to trigger unique signaling pathways.


id: brainmatters-995
author: Tuvilleja, Kaitlyn
title: The Interplay of Cognitive and Emotional Control in Autism Spectrum Disorder
date: 2025
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1221
sentence: 85
flesch: 43
cache: cache/brainmatters-995.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-995.txt
summary:
  This suggests a lack of cognitive control for ASD individuals may be more pronounced at earlier ages (Solomon et. ASD individuals usually have trouble understanding their own emotions and struggle to adjust their behavior depending on the situation.


id: brainmatters-1006
author: Masud, Sarah
title: Symphonies vs. Silence: How Does Music Affect Work Performance?
date: 2025
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1654
sentence: 89
flesch: 47
cache: cache/brainmatters-1006.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-1006.txt
summary:
  Music use was determined using fifteen questions from Chamorro-Premuzic and Furnham’s 2007 study, which consisted of five questions for each use of music. Age, interestingly, showed a negative relationship to all three uses of music, indicating that music use during work may decrease as people grow older.


id: brainmatters-885
author: Bishka, Michelle
date: 2023
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2045
sentence: 116
flesch: 40
cache: cache/brainmatters-885.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-885.txt
title:
  The Overlap Between Neuroscience and Psychiatry: An Exploration of the Effectiveness of Neurological Applications in Treating Psychiatric Disorders

summary:
  Remission post-treatment is common, with many individuals undergoing a series of ECT treatments to manage their symptoms over time (McKenna, 2021). Retrieved December 24, 2021, from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28297593/ improve when ECT treatment is coupled with medication (Youssef & McCall, 2014) or psychotherapy (McClintock et al., 2011), specifically in treating severe depression.


id: brainmatters-618
author: Doherty, Neil
title: The Origin, History and Science of Memory
date: 2019
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2511
sentence: 120
flesch: 43
cache: cache/brainmatters-618.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-618.txt
summary:
  In other words, when someone with Capgras Syndrome catches up with an old friend, they fail to recognize the friend cognitively, however they unconsciously feel the typical emotions they would around said friend, indicating that emotional memory might be processed separately from conscious memory, only to interweave with consciously streamlined data in the fusiform gyrus. The problem, however, presents a surprising revelation: emotional memories are separable from conscious activity.


id: brainmatters-883
author: Ball, Alex
title: The Mind-body Problem and Cognitive Neuroscience: A Brief History and Outlook
date: 2023
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2336
sentence: 130
flesch: 51
cache: cache/brainmatters-883.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-883.txt
summary:
  This article will explore early conceptualizations of consciousness, how cognitive neuroscience and related fields have changed how we think about conscious mental states, and what future possibilities there are for achieving a complete understanding of the conscious mind. Conscious mental states are considered to be part of the mind; they are mental phenomena.


id: brainmatters-988
author: Acosta, Celeste
date: 2025
pages: 5
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2680
sentence: 159
flesch: 50
cache: cache/brainmatters-988.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-988.txt
title:
  Fine tuning Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) treatment with Music-Based Interventions (MBI): An anatomical overview

summary:
  The scans showed increased blood flow to the areas ventral striatum, midbrain, amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex, and ventral medial prefrontal cortex (also involved in music memory), which were previously known to be activated during in response to “euphoria-inducing stimuli” (Blood et al., 2001). Music processing in the human brain is a dynamic and complex interplay of sensory, cognitive, and emotional functions that promotes healthy amounts of brain activity.


id: brainmatters-994
author: Sampathkumar, Ananya
title: Optical Illusions: What Are They, and Why Do They Occur?
date: 2025
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1447
sentence: 96
flesch: 58
cache: cache/brainmatters-994.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-994.txt
summary:
  Optical illusions, also called visual illusions, are a phenomenon that occurs when the perception of something differs from the actual reality of it ( Yoshimoto, et al. 2021). The mechanisms of the visual system behind visual illusions: From eye to brain.


id: brainmatters-986
author: Srivastava, Pravika
title: Astrocytes and Their Role in Psychiatric Disorders
date: 2025
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1530
sentence: 108
flesch: 41
cache: cache/brainmatters-986.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-986.txt
summary:
  The understanding of astrocytes and their relation to psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder is constantly evolving. Targeting astrocytes in the development of therapeutic interventions for psychiatric disorders is an emerging avenue of exploration.


id: brainmatters-896
author: Kilikevicius, Laura
title: About Brain Matters
date: 2023
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 121
sentence: 7
flesch: 55
cache: cache/brainmatters-896.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-896.txt
summary:
  Sponsors The Undergraduate Neuroscience Society (UNS) sponsors the Brain Matters journal. The journal is mainly written for the college community yet is accessible to anyone as Brain Matters is uploaded as an Open Access Journal format by the University Library.


id: brainmatters-884
author: Karim, Bilal
title: Deep Brain Stimulation : Advancements in Clinical Medicine, Innovation in Cutting-Edge Technology
date: 2023
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1753
sentence: 101
flesch: 42
cache: cache/brainmatters-884.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-884.txt
summary:
  Retrieved November 7, 2021, from https://uvahealth.com/services/parkinsons-movement- disorders/deep-brain-stimulation Nowadays, DBS systems rely on stimulation parameters set forth by a neurophysiologist, clinician, or even the patient. DBS is designed to deliver electrical stimulation to localized regions of the brain that control movement, which ultimately block or inhibit the nerve signals that cause the symptoms.


id: brainmatters-870
author: Javeri, Rajvi
title: Brain Matters Writers
date: 2023
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 524
sentence: 29
flesch: 57
cache: cache/brainmatters-870.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-870.txt
summary:
  She is very excited to share her passion for neuroscience through Brain Matters! In addition to writing for Brain Matters, Hanifa is currently researching the effect of AVP on the brain's glymphatic system in Dr. Martha Gillette's lab.


id: brainmatters-880
author: Simmons, Katilyn
title: Implications of GPCRs in Alzheimer’s
date: 2023
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1866
sentence: 107
flesch: 55
cache: cache/brainmatters-880.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-880.txt
summary:
  G Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) in Alzheimer's Disease: A Focus on BACE1 Related GPCRs. These plaque buildups are accumulations of β-amyloid peptide (Aβ), which is formed from a protein called amyloid protein precursor (APP) (Zhao et al., 2016).


id: brainmatters-1007
author: Patel, Vraj
title: Dopamine: A Social Neurotransmitter
date: 2025
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 789
sentence: 54
flesch: 53
cache: cache/brainmatters-1007.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-1007.txt
summary:
  Future research could explore decreased dopamine levels, as seen in some neurological disorders, and their effect on social interactions. Such research could provide information on whether dopamine levels are a factor causing social interactions, or whether they are an output of being social.


id: brainmatters-881
author: Patel, Vyapti
title: The Neurobiology Behind the Making of the Antisocial Personality Type
date: 2023
pages: 5
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 3536
sentence: 151
flesch: 45
cache: cache/brainmatters-881.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-881.txt
summary:
  It is actually considered normal for children to express aggression and certain antisocial behavior when they are young, because they have yet to get a sense of the world around them, and understand what is socially appropriate and what is not. This personality type “stems from brain abnormalities” and has a lot to do with “dysfunctions in select parts of the brain” according to the research suggested in the article, The neuropsychology of antisocial personality disorder (Fitzgerald, 2007).


id: brainmatters-991
author: Masud, Sarah
title: Unraveling the Links Between Synesthesia and Autism
date: 2025
pages: 5
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2984
sentence: 151
flesch: 42
cache: cache/brainmatters-991.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-991.txt
summary:
  Comparing Synesthesia in Autism and Schizophrenia It is also worth questioning whether this increased prevalence of synesthesia is observed in other neurodevelopmental disorders or if it is specific to autism. Shared Traits Between Synesthesia and Autism Now that it is clear that synesthesia is more prevalent in autism, the next step is to ask why.


id: brainmatters-1068
author: Rupp, Leah
title: The Difference Between Children's Learning Abilities With and Without ADHD
date: 2025
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1369
sentence: 97
flesch: 51
cache: cache/brainmatters-1068.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-1068.txt
summary:
  Conclusion By studying gray matter and GABA, ADHD medication can better target what is exactly causing ADHD. For children six years and younger it is recommended to try behavior therapy rather than start ADHD drugs (Cleveland Clinic, 2023).


id: brainmatters-1072
author: Srivastava, Pravika
title: Survival vs. Cognition: Stress Mechanisms in Humans vs. Animals
date: 2025
pages: 5
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2090
sentence: 125
flesch: 44
cache: cache/brainmatters-1072.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-1072.txt
summary:
  How do glucocorticoids influence stress responses? Figure 2 illustrates this process, showing how animals pass through an ordered cascade of physiological and behavioral responses to perceived danger, and recovery or chronic stress outcome in relation to their capacity to recover homeostasis.


id: brainmatters-998
author: Afshari, Isabelle
title: Understanding Common Personality Disorders: The Neurological Basis of OCD, NPD, and BPD
date: 2025
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1989
sentence: 127
flesch: 36
cache: cache/brainmatters-998.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-998.txt
summary:
  Understanding Common Personality Disorders: the Neurological Basis of OCD, NPD, and BPD Isabelle Afshari Abstract Historically, the complexity of personality disorders has posed challenges to both diagnosis and treatment; however, with advances in technology, various studies have begun making new developments to elucidate the neurobiological causes of many of the most common personality disorders, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), narcissistic personality disorder (NPD), and borderline personality disorder (BPD). Because of the vast range of behaviors that can be characterized as general personality disorders, symptoms are sorted into three clusters, labeled Cluster A, Cluster B, and Cluster C. Cluster A personality disorders are considered the more “severe” types of personality disorders, with symptoms including “odd beliefs, unusual perceptual experiences, odd thinking and speech, paranoid ideation, and odd or eccentric appearance or behavior” (Esterberg, Goulding, & Walker, 2010).


id: brainmatters-1012
author: Bishka, Michelle
title: Brain Matters Writers
date: 2025
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1165
sentence: 62
flesch: 57
cache: cache/brainmatters-1012.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-1012.txt
summary:
  Brain Matters fuels her interest in writing and acts as a stepping stone for acquiring the necessary skills to publish her own research in the future, as she builds on her scientific knowledge. Isabelle became involved in Brain Matters to learn more about writing scientific articles and innovations in neuroscience.


id: brainmatters-868
author: Kilikevicius, Laura
title: Olfactory Responses by Memory
date: 2023
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2956
sentence: 148
flesch: 56
cache: cache/brainmatters-868.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-868.txt
summary:
  Since the glomeruli, nerve ending bulbs found in the olfactory bulb, are unique to interactions with different smells, our perception of smell is highly dependent on how well they are activated and in what order. Since the glomeruli, nerve-ending bulbs found in the olfactory bulb, are unique to interactions with different smells, our perception of smell depends on how well they are activated and in what order.


id: brainmatters-1064
author: Kandlikar, Isha
title: Effects of Pregnancy on the Brain and Neuroplasticity
date: 2025
pages: 6
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2791
sentence: 164
flesch: 39
cache: cache/brainmatters-1064.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-1064.txt
summary:
  Pregnancy brain: The science behind it & tips to help. The plasticity of human maternal brain: Longitudinal changes in brain anatomy during the early postpartum period.


id: brainmatters-990
author: Agarwal, Krisha
title: Revolutionizing Treatment: Gene Therapy Offers Hope for Hurler Syndrome
date: 2025
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1905
sentence: 109
flesch: 36
cache: cache/brainmatters-990.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-990.txt
summary:
  Recently, a new form of gene therapy, Proprietary System (PS) gene editing, has shown promising results in mice as a treatment method, as concluded by researchers at the University of Minnesota. However, amidst the promises of gene therapy lie inherent risks.


id: brainmatters-1077
author: none
title: Editors
date: 2025
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 872
sentence: 48
flesch: 58
cache: cache/brainmatters-1077.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-1077.txt
summary:
  Praise Kim Praise Kim is the Vice President of Brain Matters and an undergraduate researcher pursuing a BSLAS in Brain and Cognitive Science. Through her involvement with Brain Matters, she hopes to broaden her knowledge and gain deeper insights into the fields of neuroscience and psychology.


id: brainmatters-1015
author: Bishka, Michelle
title: Table of Contents
date: 2025
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 274
sentence: 4
flesch: -4
cache: cache/brainmatters-1015.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-1015.txt
summary:
  14 Revolutionizing Treatment: Gene Therapy Offers Hope for Hurler Syndrome Krisha Agarwal...............................................................................17 Unraveling the Links Between Synesthesia and Autism Sarah Masud..................................................................................21 Mesenchymal Stem Cell Regenerative Therapy in the Spine - Recent Advancements and Possible Applications: A Review Harrison Kennedy...........................................................................26 Inside Out: A Brain’s Tale of Introverts and Extraverts Krisha Agarwal...............................................................................33 Optical Illusions: What Are They, and Why Do They Occur? Ananya Sampathkumar....................................................................36 The Interplay of Cognitive and Emotional Control in Autism Spectrum Disorder Kaitlyn Tuvilleja .............................................................................39 Brain Matters・Volume VII i About the Writers..............................................................93 Meet the Board..................................................................85 Understanding Common Personality Disorders: the Neurological Basis of OCD, NPD, and BPD Isabelle Afshari......................................................................52 Swearing and the Brain: A Cultural and Emotional Experience Vraj Patel..............................................................................60 Can Expressing Gratitude Make You Happier & Healthier? Vani Sharma..........................................................................56 The Use of MRI for the Early Prevention of Alzheimer’s Disease Joy Akindulureni....................................................................63 How the Brain Creates Predictive Models of the Environment Glioblastoma Multiforme: Challenges and Advancements in Treatment Casey Meskovich....................................................................42 Practical Applications of The Circadian Rhythm Erin Ford..............................................................................47 Brain Matters・Volume VII ii Kaitlyn Tuvilleja.....................................................................67 Symphonies vs. Silence: How Does Music Affect Work Performance?


id: brainmatters-1071
author: Singh, Navi
title: The Effects of Physical Exercise on Memory and Cognitive Functions
date: 2025
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1183
sentence: 65
flesch: 42
cache: cache/brainmatters-1071.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-1071.txt
summary:
  In conclusion, the evidence in the current neuroscience literature strongly supports that physical exercise has been shown to enhance memory and cognitive function and also reduce the risk of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s and dementia. Beneficial effects of physical exercise on cognitive- behavioral impairments and brain-derived neurotrophic factor alteration in the limbic system induced by neurodegeneration.


id: brainmatters-1061
author: Byrne, Alexander
date: 2025
pages: 6
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 3298
sentence: 178
flesch: 36
cache: cache/brainmatters-1061.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-1061.txt
title:
  Maternal Microbiota and Immune Interactions in Neurodevelopmental Risk: A Review of Maternal Immune Activation Models

summary:
  Galley and collaborators in their 2023 study examined how other stressors impact developing offspring gut microbiomes (Galley et al., 2023). Extending this work, (Galley et al., 2024) studied the effectiveness of probiotic intervention by modulating Bifidobacterium dentium administration during pregnancy (Galley et al., 2024).


id: brainmatters-1078
author: none
title: Writers
date: 2025
pages: 5
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1315
sentence: 62
flesch: 49
cache: cache/brainmatters-1078.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-1078.txt
summary:
  Leah joined Brain Matters to get the opportunity to learn and write about new neuroscience research. She joined Brain Matters to investigate how the brain impacts the ways in which we interact with the world around us and stay updated on current research in the field.


id: brainmatters-1058
author: none
title: Table of Contents
date: 2025
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 224
sentence: 5
flesch: 18
cache: cache/brainmatters-1058.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-1058.txt
summary:
  No. 1 Table of Contents The Impact of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists on the Brain’s Addiction and Satiety Networks Noreen Adoni.....................................................................................1 Impact of Meditation on Brain Function Anika Chandola.................................................................................12 Maternal Microbiota and Immune Interactions in Neurodevelopmental Risk: A Review of Maternal Immune Activation Models Alexander Byrne.................................................................................6 Articles................................................................................ The Potential of Hybrid Models in Alzheimer's Diagnosis: Combining Neural Networks and SVMs for Enhanced Accuracy Rayyan Iqbal.....................................................................................18 Effects of Pregnancy on the Brain and Neuroplasticity Isha Kandlikar..................................................................................24 Adaptive Plasticity of the Colorblind Brain: A Model for Sensory Compensation Yuliia Kohut.....................................................................................30 Interview with Two Professors Brianna Mae Huner...........................................................................36 Amusia: The Science Behind Tone Deafness Emily Aldrich...................................................................................42 The Difference Between Children's Learning Abilities With and Without ADHD Leah Rupp........................................................................................46


id: brainmatters-997
author: Ford, Erin
title: Practical Applications of The Circadian Rhythm
date: 2025
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2692
sentence: 125
flesch: 49
cache: cache/brainmatters-997.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-997.txt
summary:
  A lack of properly functioning circadian rhythm can lead to various sleeping disorders, as well as issues related to the absence of zeitgebers—environmental signals like light, temperature, or food that cue the body to adapt its processes accordingly (Chaix, 2016). According to Benjamin Dose “Chronotherapy aims to exploit these differences in circadian rhythms by administering treatments at times when cancer cells are most vulnerable, and healthy cells are least vulnerable, thereby reducing toxicity and enhancing efficacy” (Dose, 2023).


id: brainmatters-1082
author: Lin, Edward
title: Biological Neural Networks as the Forefront of AI Processing
date: 2025
pages: 5
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2032
sentence: 107
flesch: 42
cache: cache/brainmatters-1082.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-1082.txt
summary:
  But the benefits of such computational systems are apparent and mitigate the flaws of current information processing systems in computers. Finding a way to incorporate the brain directly into computing may create novel algorithms to meet the increasing demands of information processing.


id: brainmatters-1060
author: Adoni, Noreen
title: The Impact of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists on the Brain’s Addiction and Satiety Networks
date: 2025
pages: 5
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2697
sentence: 145
flesch: 50
cache: cache/brainmatters-1060.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-1060.txt
summary:
  Conclusion The abilities of GLP-1 receptor agonists to mimic GLP-1 in individuals with less endogenous GLP-1 secretion, bind to GLP-1 receptors, and relay satiety signals to the hypothalamus to control feeding behavior, are what make these medications highly sought after by individuals seeking weight loss results. uch These results can also be observed when GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are made to bind to GLP-1 receptors, mimicking the effects of GLP-1.


id: brainmatters-1016
author: Sampathkumar, Ananya
title: Déjà Vu: What Happens in the Brain
date: 2025
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2253
sentence: 130
flesch: 58
cache: cache/brainmatters-1016.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-1016.txt
summary:
  In order to combat this, researchers have come up with multiple theories on where déjà vu takes place, what occurs, and why it actually happens. Researchers have also begun to study mental disorders that involve déjà vu in order to possibly learn more about the elusive experience.


id: brainmatters-1099
author: none
title: Brain Matters Board
date: 2025
pages: 5
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 894
sentence: 49
flesch: 49
cache: cache/brainmatters-1099.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-1099.txt
summary:
  President Brain Matters Board Chief Editor Vice President 73 Praise Kim Praise Kim is the Vice President of Brain Matters and an undergraduate researcher pursuing a BSLAS in Brain and Cognitive Science. Outside of Brain Matters, she is an undergraduate researcher in the Silverman Lab and a member of American Chemical Society.


id: brainmatters-894
author: Kilikevicius, Laura
title: Meet the Board
date: 2023
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 944
sentence: 46
flesch: 53
cache: cache/brainmatters-894.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-894.txt
summary:
  She is the Public Relations Chair and a writer for Brain Matters. My name is Sneha Mittal and I am the Treasurer and an Editor for Brain Matters.


id: brainmatters-992
author: Kennedy, Harrison
date: 2025
pages: 6
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4637
sentence: 227
flesch: 40
cache: cache/brainmatters-992.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-992.txt
title:
  Mesenchymal Stem Cell Regenerative Therapy in the Spine - Recent Advancements and Possible Applications: A Review

summary:
  As found by Yuan-haun Ma et al., the use of genetic modifications and tissue engineering like biomaterial scaffolding, produced greater functionality and motor rehabilitation in animal spine models (Xia et al., 2023). With the recent increase of interest in stem cell therapies, many Phase I studies, reports, and reviews have been published; however, significant clinical data is yet to be attained.


id: brainmatters-1000
author: Patel, Vraj
title: Swearing and the Brain: A Cultural and Emotional Experience
date: 2025
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1371
sentence: 86
flesch: 49
cache: cache/brainmatters-1000.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-1000.txt
summary:
  Behavioral studies, brain imaging, and studies focused on brain pathologies have found that the right hemisphere activates during situations involving automatic emotional responses, specifically subcortical regions such as the right amygdala and thalamus, and visual areas such as the superior colliculus and pulvinar Swearing and the Brain: A Cultural and Emotional Experience Vraj Patel Abstract Swearing stems from functions involved in the brain, specifically automatic and emotional swearing. However, in the case of automatic swearing, the mPFC does not perform at its highest capabilities, and “the performance of the inhibitory guards deteriorates and the automatic swearing wins over” (Finkelstein, 2018).


id: brainmatters-996
author: Meskovich, Casey
title: Glioblastoma Multiforme: Challenges and Advancements in Treatment
date: 2025
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2688
sentence: 187
flesch: 54
cache: cache/brainmatters-996.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-996.txt
summary:
  GBM presents difficulties in treatment due to the delocalization of tumor cells, inherent resistance to most cancer drugs, and the limited capacity of the brain to repair itself. As a result, tumor cells and antigens can enter the lymphatic system and be transported to nearby lymph nodes (Koukourakis & Giatromanolaki, 2022).


id: brainmatters-1062
author: Chandola, Anika
title: Impact of Meditation on Brain Function
date: 2025
pages: 6
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2946
sentence: 150
flesch: 44
cache: cache/brainmatters-1062.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-1062.txt
summary:
  Specifically, MRI scans revealed that engaging in mindfulness meditation can increase the thickness of the prefrontal cortex, a brain region involved in emotional control and decision-making. The techniques included transcendental meditation, mindfulness meditation, and a breath work relaxation program which were to be practiced twice a day for 20 minutes for 12 weeks.


id: brainmatters-1009
author: Bishka, Michelle
title: Design Board
date: 2025
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 244
sentence: 16
flesch: 44
cache: cache/brainmatters-1009.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-1009.txt
summary:
  Outside of Brain Matters, Sarah is also involved in Design Innovation Illinois, the Undergraduate Psychology Association, and Psi Eta Mu, a professional information sciences fraternity. She enjoys drawing, finding new music, and crocheting as well!


id: brainmatters-993
author: Agarwal, Krisha
title: Inside Out: A Brain’s Tale of Introverts and Extraverts
date: 2025
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 966
sentence: 71
flesch: 40
cache: cache/brainmatters-993.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-993.txt
summary:
  Neurotransmitter pathways between introverts and extraverts (Medium, 2016) Environmental Influences Introversion and extraversion hold a genetic component, but environmental factors also play a role. As a result, extraverts have lower activity in their behavioral inhibition system, a functional loop including the ascending reticular activating system, the frontal lobes, septal regions, and hippocampus.


id: brainmatters-999
author: Sharma, Vani
title: Can Expressing Gratitude Make You Happier & Healthier?
date: 2025
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1645
sentence: 98
flesch: 54
cache: cache/brainmatters-999.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-999.txt
summary:
  Even just small acts of gratitude a day can tremendously improve brain health. One study from the National Library of Medicine demonstrated that those who showed gratitude as opposed to resentment had lower heart rates, as shown in Figure 2 (Kyeong et al., 2017).


id: brainmatters-1091
author: DiVito, Alexa
date: 2025
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1546
sentence: 73
flesch: 48
cache: cache/brainmatters-1091.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-1091.txt
title:
  The Influence of Maternal Stress on a Child's Development in the Womb and the Long-term Effects on the Child's Neurodevelopment and Mental Health

summary:
  They found that moderate to high objective prenatal maternal stress is associated with poorer intellectual and language functioning at the age of two when scientists examined interactions between trimester of exposure and severity of ice storm stress. Maternal stress does not only affect the mother but the fetus as well, especially during their development and later life.


id: brainmatters-1095
author: Kushnick, Lily
title: The Development of Psychogenic Pain
date: 2025
pages: 5
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1927
sentence: 147
flesch: 43
cache: cache/brainmatters-1095.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-1095.txt
summary:
  Psychogenic pain is commonly associated with psychosocial and emotional conflicts, as the brain can interpret mental distress as physical pain (Moini et al., 2023). Pain plasticity—the adaptive processes of the nervous system in response to pain stimulus—may lead to changes in nociceptors, causing them to activate atypically.


id: brainmatters-1089
author: Sampathkumar, Ananya
title: Isolation - How it Affects Fear Responses and Anxiety
date: 2025
pages: 5
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2342
sentence: 135
flesch: 52
cache: cache/brainmatters-1089.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-1089.txt
summary:
  Understanding social isolation and its effects on the brain is crucial to learning more about the sociability of human beings, as well as how social anxiety can be caused or affected by interactions with others. How Social Isolation Changes the Amygdala: Social isolation can cause the brain to undergo neural plasticity, or the changing and adaptation of the brain.


id: brainmatters-1073
author: Wang, Micah
title: Fear on Repeat: Examining the Impact of PTSD on the Amygdala
date: 2025
pages: 5
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1653
sentence: 109
flesch: 54
cache: cache/brainmatters-1073.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-1073.txt
summary:
  However, studies that have shown differences in amygdala volume in those with PTSD fail to draw a conclusive correlation between amygdala volume and the onset of PTSD (Pieper et al., 2020; Ousdal et al., 2020). Abnormal amygdala volumes in adolescent PTSD patients.


id: brainmatters-1008
author: Bishka, Michelle
title: Brain Matters Board
date: 2025
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 650
sentence: 34
flesch: 53
cache: cache/brainmatters-1008.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-1008.txt
summary:
  He looks forward to making Brain Matters an inclusive and engaging scientific committee on campus Shireen Aydogan is a senior majoring in Molecular and Cellular Biology on a pre- med track and exploring the possibility of an Arabic and Communications minor. Her favorite thing about being the President of Brain Matters has been meeting new people each semester and sharing her passion for neuroscience.


id: brainmatters-1096
author: Mae Huner, Brianna
title: Genetic Research and its Revolutionary? Contributions to Schizophrenia Prevention
date: 2025
pages: 5
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2774
sentence: 176
flesch: 51
cache: cache/brainmatters-1096.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-1096.txt
summary:
  While it was originally believed that genetic research such as molecular genetics, linkage analysis, genome wide association studies, and more would be the key to understanding the etiology of schizophrenia, this was found to be inaccurate, but that doesn’t mean that all hope is lost. This pharmacological discovery has improved the lives of schizophrenia patients dramatically and has shifted the typical symptomology observed in this disorder.


id: brainmatters-1014
author: Akindulurni, Joy
title: The Use of MRI for the Early Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease
date: 2025
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1961
sentence: 100
flesch: 57
cache: cache/brainmatters-1014.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-1014.txt
summary:
  AD symptoms are categorized based on early, moderate or late stages. Progression of the atrophy is also later seen in the Medial Temporal Lobe (MTL) and entorhinal cortex which later results in deficits in executive functioning and memory loss for AD patients.


id: brainmatters-1066
author: Mae Huner, Brianna
title: Interview with Two Professors
date: 2025
pages: 6
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 3070
sentence: 134
flesch: 41
cache: cache/brainmatters-1066.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-1066.txt
summary:
  An estimated 3-4% of the population suffers from schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Similar to anxiety and depression, which are generally accepted to be experienced both clinically and subclinically, symptoms of schizophrenia spectrum disorder can be observed on a lower impairment level among those who do not fit the criteria for schizophrenia spectrum disorders.


id: brainmatters-1070
author: Sharma, Vani
date: 2025
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1182
sentence: 67
flesch: 28
cache: cache/brainmatters-1070.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-1070.txt
title:
  Neural Mechanisms of Smartphone Use, ADHD, and Dopamine Dysregulation: Implications for Cognitive Function and Attention

summary:
  This article discusses the interaction between dopamine dysregulation caused by smartphone use and neural mechanisms of ADHD, with special reference to cognitive functioning and attentional control. Neural Mechanisms of Smartphone Use, ADHD, and Dopamine Dysregulation: Implications for Cognitive Function and Attention Neuroanatomical Foundations of Attention Dysregulation ADHD and chronic smartphone use have been correlated with structural as well as functional changes within brain regions crucial for attentional control.


id: brainmatters-1093
author: Kennedy, Kathryn
title: Curcumin and Glioblastoma: How Turmeric Can Be a Dietary Supplement Against Brain Cancer
date: 2025
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1248
sentence: 79
flesch: 51
cache: cache/brainmatters-1093.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-1093.txt
summary:
  system In a recent meta-analysis of studies involving curcumin’s specific role in preventing and mitigating the danger of GBM cells, Dr. Ângelo Luís et al. identified that a compelling attribute of curcumin is that it can target signaling pathways properties and can modulate pathways involved in GBM cell growth. Mary-Eve Brown, an oncology clinical dietitian at Johns Hopkins Medicine, provides recommendations on how to safely increase curcumin intake through turmeric.


id: brainmatters-1065
author: Kohut, Yuliia
title: Adaptive Plasticity of the Colorblind Brain: A Model for Sensory Compensation
date: 2025
pages: 6
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 3324
sentence: 188
flesch: 43
cache: cache/brainmatters-1065.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-1065.txt
summary:
  Mechanisms of Color Vision The physiology of color vision is thought to be the same across all species, yet scientists still have much to uncover. At its core, color vision relies on our brain's ability to analyze the energy and frequency of light scattered by an object, using opsins—light-activated protein receptors— embedded in cell membranes of photoreceptor cells.


id: brainmatters-1076
author: none
title: Design Board
date: 2025
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 461
sentence: 27
flesch: 57
cache: cache/brainmatters-1076.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-1076.txt
summary:
  She also directs community health initiatives as Director of Medicine for UIUC’s MEDLIFE chapter. I joined Brain Matters to combine my interests of neuroscience, psychology, and journalism.


id: brainmatters-1090
author: Aldrich, Emily
title: The Detrimental Effects of Aberrant Regulation on the Hedgehog Signaling Pathway
date: 2025
pages: 5
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1767
sentence: 100
flesch: 50
cache: cache/brainmatters-1090.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-1090.txt
summary:
  No. 2 Written by Emily Aldrich The Detrimental Effects of Aberrant Regulation on the Hedgehog Signaling Pathway ...the dysregulation of the Hh signaling pathway may lead to a variety of diseases and disorders, including tumorigenesis of medulloblastoma, the most common malignant brain tumor. Several studies support the hypothesis that malignant tumors are initiated and maintained by cancer stem cells (Tan et al., 2006; Xie et al., 2022).


id: brainmatters-1075
author: none
title: Brain Matters Board
date: 2025
pages: 5
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 894
sentence: 50
flesch: 49
cache: cache/brainmatters-1075.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-1075.txt
summary:
  President Brain Matters Board Chief Editor Vice President 77 Praise Kim Praise Kim is the Vice President of Brain Matters and an undergraduate researcher pursuing a BSLAS in Brain and Cognitive Science. Outside of Brain Matters, she is an undergraduate researcher in the Silverman Lab and a member of American Chemical Society.


id: brainmatters-1094
author: Kremitzki, Meredith
title: Understanding the Genetics of ADHD
date: 2025
pages: 5
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2164
sentence: 114
flesch: 51
cache: cache/brainmatters-1094.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-1094.txt
summary:
  Promising ADHD Genes Despite the lack of specific data on the genetic cause of ADHD, there has been a lot of research investigating certain genes and pathways that could be involved. Holland, J., Sayal, K. Relative age and ADHD symptoms, diagnosis and medication: a systematic review.


id: brainmatters-1080
author: none
title: Table of Contents
date: 2025
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 237
sentence: 6
flesch: 25
cache: cache/brainmatters-1080.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-1080.txt
summary:
  Contributions to Schizophrenia Prevention Brianna Mae Huner...........................................................................59 Pathophysiology of Postpartum Depression: Etiology and Interplay of Structural and Functional Brain Changes Sylvia Merz......................................................................................64 ii The Ethics of Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) Ruchi Prakash..................................................................................69 Exploring the Neuroprotective Effects of Estrogen in Reducing Dementia Risk Sylvia Merz.......................................................................................11 The Role of Human Leukocyte Antigens in Multiple Sclerosis and Brain Atrophy Tanisha Mandal..................................................................................6 Articles................................................................................


id: brainmatters-1086
author: Rupp, Leah
title: Understanding the Different Types of Cerebral Palsy and Treatment Options
date: 2025
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1779
sentence: 148
flesch: 54
cache: cache/brainmatters-1086.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-1086.txt
summary:
  These injuries to the brain may lead to abnormal muscle stiffness or strokes, which are major symptoms of cerebral palsy. The three fundamental types of cerebral palsy are spastic, dyskinetic, and mixed.


id: brainmatters-1085
author: Park, Siwon
title: The Consequential Effects of Sleep Quality on the Academic Performance of University Students
date: 2025
pages: 6
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2850
sentence: 173
flesch: 45
cache: cache/brainmatters-1085.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-1085.txt
summary:
  With sleep deprivation demonstrating to be an incredible barrier to academic success and damaging to health, the emphasis on quality sleep is truly an imperative message to university students. While its true purpose remains largely theoretical, sleep deprivation has been proven to impair numerous brain functions, particularly in college students who are increasingly susceptible to irregular sleep patterns.


id: brainmatters-1069
author: Sampathkumar, Ananya
title: How Do We Measure Intelligence?
date: 2025
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1773
sentence: 112
flesch: 54
cache: cache/brainmatters-1069.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-1069.txt
summary:
  Some examples of IQ tests that have been derived from the Binet-Simon test are the Stanford-Binet test in 1916 (Sternberg & Jarvin, 2015) and the Army Alpha/Army Beta exams used by military generals during World War I (Warne et al. 2019). Several brain scans have shown that IQ scores were correlated with intracranial, cerebral, temporal lobe, hippocampal, and cerebellar volumes, which essentially makes up the entirety of the brain (Goriounova & Mansvelder, 2019).


id: brainmatters-1074
author: Yang, May
date: 2025
pages: 5
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1982
sentence: 130
flesch: 48
cache: cache/brainmatters-1074.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-1074.txt
title:
  The Cognitive Neuroscience of Moral Decision-Making in Extreme Situations: High-Stress or Life-Threatening Scenarios

summary:
  Empirical Evidence: Studies on Stress and Moral Choices Several laboratory experiments have revealed decisive evidence of how moral decision-making is distorted by stress. This seamless interaction explains how humans can make complex moral decisions even when faced with imminent danger.


id: brainmatters-1083
author: Mandal, Tanisha
title: The Role of Human Leukocyte Antigens in Multiple Sclerosis and Brain Atrophy
date: 2025
pages: 5
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2392
sentence: 135
flesch: 57
cache: cache/brainmatters-1083.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-1083.txt
summary:
  8 Figure 3: Binding Motif of HLA DRB1*1501 (HLA Protein, 2024). Class II HLA has complex effects on the CNS, thus contributing to the development of brain atrophy and multiple sclerosis, with different alleles of the same gene providing vastly different outcomes.


id: brainmatters-1092
author: Goswami, Meha
title: Can We Train Our Brains to Break Social Media Addiction?
date: 2025
pages: 5
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1889
sentence: 94
flesch: 32
cache: cache/brainmatters-1092.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-1092.txt
summary:
  Understanding how social media manipulates these neural pathways is essential for developing effective strategies to reduce dependence and restore healthy digital habits. The Neuroscience of Social Media Addiction To fully grasp the addictive nature of social media, it is important to explore the underlying neural mechanisms that sustain compulsive digital behaviors.


id: brainmatters-1067
author: Aldrich, Emily
title: Amusia: The Science Behind Tone Deafness
date: 2025
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1580
sentence: 119
flesch: 66
cache: cache/brainmatters-1067.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-1067.txt
summary:
  To learn more about the genetic underpinnings of congenital amusia, researchers began to study self-identified amusic individuals who also did poorly on the Montreal Battery of Evaluation of Amusia (MBEA), a test to determine the level of musical capability one has by assessing scale, contour, interval, rhythm, metric, and music memory–all components of music processing (Nunes-Silva & Haase, 2012). Congenital amusia, often referred to as “tone deafness”, is a disorder present at birth that is characterized by the impairment of musical perception.


id: brainmatters-1005
author: Tuvilleja, Kaitlyn
title: How the Brain Creates Predictive Models of the Environment
date: 2025
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1787
sentence: 107
flesch: 46
cache: cache/brainmatters-1005.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-1005.txt
summary:
  Dissecting the way the brain constructs predictive models of the environment at distinct ages is crucial for developing enhanced educational practices: this paper examines the development of predictive cognitive models from infancy through adulthood using neurological studies, highlighting their implications for enhancing educational strategies and adaptive behaviors. Adult brain learning is also examined through two types: model-free learning (trial and error) and model-based learning (implementing predictive models).


id: brainmatters-1063
author: Iqbal, Rayyan
date: 2025
pages: 6
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2850
sentence: 164
flesch: 47
cache: cache/brainmatters-1063.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-1063.txt
title:
  The Potential of Hybrid Models in Alzheimer's Diagnosis: Combining Neural Networks and SVMs for Enhanced Accuracy 

summary:
  In one study using a dataset of healthy individuals, those with early Alzheimer’s, and those with late-stage Alzheimer’s, a CNN model called ResNet-18 achieved an impressive 96.85% accuracy in distinguishing between different stages of the disease based on MRI and PET scans (Odusami et al., 2021). Hybrid Models: Combining Neural Networks and SVMs for Enhanced Accuracy In recent years, hybrid models that combine convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and support vector machines (SVMs) have gained attention in Alzheimer’s disease diagnosis, offering a more comprehensive approach to early detection and classification (Li 2023).


id: brainmatters-1098
author: Prakash, Ruchi
title: The Ethics of Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs)
date: 2025
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1608
sentence: 106
flesch: 51
cache: cache/brainmatters-1098.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-1098.txt
summary:
  Using a low-cost gaming headset, Martinovic and his team created an application capable of secretly collecting brain data while showing the user different images. Ethical aspects of brain computer interfaces: a scoping review.


id: brainmatters-1034
author: Nam, Esther
title: Impacts of Lifelong Bilingualism on Neurodegenerative Diseases
date: 2025
pages: 7
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6268
sentence: 334
flesch: 47
cache: cache/brainmatters-1034.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-1034.txt
summary:
  Active Model - Cognitive Reserve and Compensation The active model currently involves two subtypes of reserve: cognitive reserve and compensation. Cognitive reserve (CR) refers to the way an individual approaches a task in terms of the networks and resources the brain uses in the moment, hence “active.”


id: brainmatters-1084
author: Merz, Sylvia
date: 2025
pages: 5
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2012
sentence: 116
flesch: 31
cache: cache/brainmatters-1084.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-1084.txt
title:
  The Critical Window for Estrogen Replacement Therapy in Menopausal Women: Exploring the Neuroprotective Effects of Estrogen in Reducing Dementia Risk

summary:
  Brain Matters Vol. 8 No. 2 The Critical Window for Estrogen Replacement Therapy in Menopausal Women: Exploring the Neuroprotective Effects of Estrogen in Reducing Dementia Risk Menopause, characterized by a significant decline in estrogen levels, profoundly impacts brain health, influencing cognitive functions and neurobiological integrity. Estrogen and progestin use and cognitive function in postmenopausal women.


id: brainmatters-1102
author: none
title: Writers
date: 2025
pages: 5
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1146
sentence: 58
flesch: 54
cache: cache/brainmatters-1102.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-1102.txt
summary:
  Lily became involved in Brain Matters to learn more about the process of writing scientific articles and about current neuroscience research and innovations. Leah joined Brain Matters to get the opportunity to learn and write about new neuroscience research.


id: brainmatters-1097
author: Merz, Sylvia
date: 2025
pages: 5
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2331
sentence: 127
flesch: 38
cache: cache/brainmatters-1097.pdf
txt: txt/brainmatters-1097.txt
title:
  Pathophysiology of Postpartum Depression: Etiology and Interplay of Structural and Functional Brain Changes

summary:
  Written by Sylvia Merz Abstract Introduction Postpartum depression (PPD) is a major mood disorder that affects approximately 10-15% of new mothers, manifesting as mood disturbances, cognitive impairments, and difficulty bonding with the infant (Epperson et al., 2014). Furthermore, the effects of PPD can persist well beyond the postpartum period, with women reporting increased risks of future depressive episodes and impaired functioning in social and occupational domains (Elliott et al., 2021).


# url

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domain: www.nature.com
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  https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/gpcr-14047471/?error=cookies_not_supported&code=4f65e9e1-a4a2-46fa-a388-b0b489fbf9c4


id: brainmatters-811
domain: www.ninds.nih.gov
url:
  www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/patient-caregiver-education/understanding-sleep#:~:text=sleep%20is%20important%20to%20a,up%20


id: brainmatters-999
domain: www.waldenu.edu
url:
  https://www.waldenu.edu/onlinebachelors-programs/bs-in-psychology/resource/how-positiveself-talk-can-make-you-feel-better-and-be-more-productive


id: brainmatters-820
domain: www.psychologytoday.com
url:
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id: brainmatters-884
domain: www.frontiersin.org
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id: brainmatters-1072
domain: www.researchgate.net
url:
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id: brainmatters-868
domain: news.harvard.edu
url:
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id: brainmatters-868
domain: www.rockefeller.edu
url:
  https://www.rockefeller.edu/research/uploads/www.rockefeller.edu/sites/8/2018/09/bushdidscience2014.pdf


id: brainmatters-868
domain: news.harvard.edu
url:
  https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2020/02/how-scent-emotion-and-memory-are-intertwined-and-exploited


id: brainmatters-1064
domain: www.preeclampsia.org
url:
  https://www.preeclampsia.org/the-news/research/doespreeclampsia-increase-your-risk-for-future-neurologicalconditions


id: brainmatters-1064
domain: www.pewresearch.org
url:
  https://www.pewresearch.org/socialtrends/2018/01/18/theyre-waiting-longer-but-u-s-womentoday-more-likely-to-have-children-than-a-decade-ago


id: brainmatters-996
domain: www.insideprecisionmedicine.com
url:
  https://www.insideprecisionmedicine.com/topics/oncology/why-glioblastoma-does-not-respond-to-immunotherapy-but-other-brain-cancers-do


id: brainmatters-993
domain: www.quietrev.com
url:
  https://www.quietrev.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/whyintroverts-and-extraverts-are-different-the-science-byjennifer-grannerman.pdf


id: brainmatters-890
domain: theconversation.com
url:
  https://theconversation.com/my-work-investigating-thelinks-between-viruses-and-alzheimers-disease-wasdismissed-for-years-but-now-the-evidence-is-building184201


id: brainmatters-890
domain: clinicalinfo.hiv.gov
url:
  https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines/hiv-clinicalguidelines-adult-and-adolescent-opportunisticinfections/varicella-zoster


id: brainmatters-890
domain: vcresearch.berkeley.edu
url:
  https://vcresearch.berkeley.edu/news/lifelong-brainstimulating-habits-linked-lower-alzheimers-protein-levels


id: brainmatters-995
domain: www.cureus.com
url:
  https://www.cureus.com/articles/193026-the-physiology-ofcognition-in-autism-spectrum-disorder-current-and-futurechallenges#!


id: brainmatters-995
domain: www.cureus.com
url:
  https://www.cureus.com/articles/193026-the-physiology-of-cognition-in-autism-spectrum-disorder-current-and-future-challenges#!


id: brainmatters-986
domain: www.researchgate.net
url:
  https://www.researchgate.net/figure/astrocytes-have-closemorphological-and-functional-associations-withmicrovasculature-and_fig1_290479871


id: brainmatters-1086
domain: focuscare.com.au
url:
  https://focuscare.com.au/blog/3-newtechnologies-to-assist-people-with-cerebralpalsy#:~:text=voiceitt%20is%20an%20innovative%20speec


id: brainmatters-1085
domain: www.researchgate.net
url:
  https://www.researchgate.net/figure/n-vivo-brain-imagingshows-that-one-night-of-total-sleep-deprivation-reducesmolecular_fig1_350749209


id: brainmatters-1085
domain: sleep.hms.harvard.edu
url:
  https://sleep.hms.harvard.edu/education-training/publiceducation/sleep-and-health-education-program/sleephealth-education-41


id: brainmatters-1068
domain: www.nih.gov
url:
  https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nihresearchers-identify-brain-connections-associated-adhdyouth


id: brainmatters-881
domain: www.semanticscholar.org
url:
  https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/theneurobiology-of-psychopathic-traits-in-youthsblair/c0263a8e1fc53aa3209a3a590cd5979be0b00218


id: brainmatters-1083
domain: www.jneurology.com
url:
  https://www.jneurology.com/articles/dementiascaused-by-persistent-pathogens-and-the-protective-roleof-hla-against-them.html


id: brainmatters-1016
domain: www.hopkinsmedicine.org
url:
  https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-anddiseases/epilepsy/evaluation-of-a-firsttime-seizure


# ent

id: brainmatters-859
sid: 2
eid: 10
type: ORG
entity:
  neuroregeneration hanifa mohammed..........................................................................16


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sid: 75
eid: 2
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entity:
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lemma:
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