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P-ISSN : 2715-2448 | E-ISSN : 2715-7199    

Vol.1 No.2, 10 July 2020 

Buana Information Tchnology and Computer Sciences (BIT and CS) 

 

33 | Vol.1 No.2, 10 July 2020 
Buana Information Tchnology and Computer Sciences (BIT and CS) 

Password Data Authentication Using a Combination of MD5 and  

Playfair Cipher Matrix 13x13 

 

Bayu Priyatna 1  
Technology Information  

Faculty of Engineering Computer 
Universitas Buana Perjuangan Karawang 

 bayu.priyatna@ubpkarawang.ac.id 

 
 
 
 
 

 

 ‹β› 

April Lia Hananto  2 
School of Computing,  
Faculty of Engineering  

Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 
hananto1983@graduate.utm.my 

Abstract—Data security and confidentiality are the most 

important things that must be considered in information 

systems. To protect the cryptographic algorithm reliability it 

uses. MD5 is one technique that is widely used in password 

data security issues, which algorithm has many advantages 

including. MD5 has a one-way hash function so that the 

message has been converted to a message digest, and it is 

complicated to restore it to the original message (plaintext). In 

addition to the advantages of MD5 also has a variety of 

shortcomings including; very easy to solve because MD5 has a 

fixed encryption result, using the MD5 modifier generator will 

be easily guessed, and MD5 is not proper because it is 

vulnerable to collision attacks. The research method used in 

this study uses Computer Science Engineering by conducting 

experiments combining two cryptographic arrangements. The 

results obtained from this study after being tested with 

Avalanche Effect technique get ciphertext randomness results 

of 44.12%, which tends to be very strong to be implemented in 
password data authentication. 

Keywords— Information systems, MD5, Playfire Cipher. 

 

Abstrak—Keamanan dan kerahasiaan data merupakan hal 

terpenting yang harus diperhatikan pada sistem informasi. untuk 

menjahganya dibutuhkan kehandalan algoritma kriptografi yang 

digunakannya. MD5 merupakan salah satu teknik yang banyak 

digunakan dalam masalah keamanan data password, yangmana 

algoritma ini memiliki banyak kelebihan diantaranya. MD5 

memiliki fungsi hash satu arah sehingga pesan yang telah 

diubah menjadi message digest (pesan ringkas), dan sangat sulit 

untuk mengembalikannya ke-pesan semula (plaintext). Selain 

kelebihan MD5 juga memiliki berbagai macam kekurangan 

diantaranya; sangat mudah di pecahkan karena MD5 memiliki 

hasil enkripsi yang tetap, dengan menggunakan generator 

pengubah MD5 akan dengan mudah ditebak, dan MD5 kurang 

bagus karena rentan terhadap serangan collision attack. Metode 

penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini menggunakan 

Rekayasa Computer Science dengan melakukan eksperimen 

penggabungan dua metode kriptografi. Hasil yang didapat dari 

penelitian ini setelah di uji dengan teknik Avalanche Effect 

mendapatkan hasil keacakan cipherteks 44,79% yang cenderung 

sangat kuat untuk di implementasikan pada autentikasi data 
password. 

Kata Kunci—Sistem Informasi, MD5, Playfire Cipher. 
  

 

I. INTRODUCTION 

The issue of data security and confidentiality is one of the 
essential things of information systems [1]. The technique 
that can be used to maintain data content is to use 
cryptographic techniques [2]. Cryptographic techniques aim 
to provide security services, including security, to manage 
data authentication such as passwords [3]. 

MD5 is a One-Way hash function designed by Ron 
Rivest with a 128-bit hash value. It says the One-Way hash 
function because messages that have been converted to 
digest messages (full messages) are complicated to restore to 
the original message (plaintext) [4]. MD5 is one of the One 
Direction hash functions that is widely used to resolve the 
integrity of a file [5]. MD5 is implemented in networks that 
produce 640-bit message digest [6]. MD5 will be a high-
security network for transferring data in cellular systems [7]. 

MD5 is the result of encryption that is made easy to 
guess, although one-way MD5 will be much easier to hack 
just using an MD5 modifier generator will produce a 
straightforward match. The MD5 encryption method is not 
suitable because it is vulnerable to collision attacks [8].  

 From these questions, this study discusses the 
authentication agreement on a password by combining the 
MD5 method hash function and the application of Playfire 
cryptography. 

 

II. METHOD 

The research method used in this research is engineering, 
namely Theoretical Computer Science, where researchers 
use a cryptographic technique with the MD5 method and 
combine it with the playfair algorithm using a 13x13 matrix. 
The systematic description of the process flow of this study 
is outlined in Figure II-1 as follows: 

 



34 | Vol.1 No.2, 10 July 2020 
Buana Information Tchnology and Computer Sciences (BIT and CS) 

Data Password 
(Plaintext)

Encryption 1 Ciphertext 1

MD5

Encryption 2

Playfire 
13x13

Key 1

Ciphertext 2

ENCRYPTION

Data Password
(Ciphertext 2)

Plaintext 1

Playfire 
13x13

Key 1

MD5

Plaintext 2

DECRYPTION

Decrypt 1 Decrypt 2

 

Fig. 1. Research Methods 

A. MD5 Algorithm 

The hash function is widely used in MD5 and SHA 
cryptography. In this article, the hash function that is used by 
MD5 algorithm [9]. MD5 accepts input in the form of 
messages of any size and produces a message digest that is 
128 bits in length [10]. 

MD5 processes 512-bit blocks, divided into 16 32-bit 
sub-blocks. The algorithm output is set to 4 blocks, each 
measuring 32 bits, which, after being combined, will form a 
128-bit hash value [11]. 

 
The steps in making a message digest, in general, are as 

follows: 

1. Adding padding bits. 
2. Add the original message length value. 
3. Initialize the MD5 buffer. 
4. Processing messages in blocks of 512 bits. 

B. Playfair Matrix 13x13 

Formation of a 13 x 13 Playfair matrix table of keys that 
have been entered, on the formation of a key consisting of 
letters, numbers and symbols, For example, the example key 
"AkuM@Ululu5". The first step is a key that consists of 
numbers, letters or symbols should not have more than one 
appearance if there are these things, then eliminate numbers, 
letters or symbols that have similarities. So the key from 
"AkuM@Ululu5" becomes "AkuM@Ul5"[2];[12]. In Table 
III-2 is a matrix formed by the key "AkuM@U15": 

 

Fig. 2. Playfair Matrix 13x13 [2];[13]. 

C. Playfire Encryption Algorithm 

Before doing the encryption process, the plaintext to be 
encrypted is set as follows: 

1. All characters and spaces not included in the alphabet 
must be removed from the plaintext (if any). 

2. If there is a letter J in the plaintext make changes 
with the letter I. 

3. The plaintext, which is the original message, is arranged 
according to the letter pair (bigram). 

4. When there are the same pair of letters, do it 
change one of the letters of the letter pairs with the letter 
Z or X insert using the letter X because the letter X is 
very minimal at all in bigram, unlike the letter Z, for 
example, is the word FUZZY. 

5. If the letters in the plaintext have an odd number, then 
select additional messages then add at the end of the 
plaintext. Other notes can be chosen, for example, the 
letter Z or X [14]. 

D. Playfire Decryption Algorithm 

Following are the stages of the Playfair cipher algorithm: 

1. If there are two letters on the same key line, then each 
letter is changed using the message to the left. 

2. If there are two letters in the same column, later each 
letter is changed by the message above. 

3. If two letters are not located in the same row and column, 
then replace them with the word in the intersection of the 
first row of words with the column letter two. 

4. Later the second letter is changed using the word at the 
vertex of the rectangle made from the letter used [15]. 
 
 

III. RESULT AND DISCUSSION 

A. Interface System 

The application interface built can be seen in Figure 3: 



35 | Vol.1 No.2, 10 July 2020 
Buana Information Tchnology and Computer Sciences (BIT and CS) 

 

Fig. 3. Form Login Admin 

B. Database System 

On this system, a database is created with one of the table 
names db_user as the sample used. Here is Figure 4 that 
shows the attributes of the user table and Figure 5 shows 
the results of encryption: 

 

Fig. 4. User Table Structure 

 

 

Fig. 5. Password Encryption Results 

C. Ciperteks Randomness Test 

In the ciphertext randomness test, 30 trials were 
performed with random sample parameters based on the 

same data size, character length, and key. The results of the 

experiment using the calculation of the Avalanche Effect 

method with the formula: 

 

 

In general, bits in ciphertext will change from the number 

of bits in plaintext by 50%. The avalanche effect is 

approved well if the resulting bit change gets 45-60% (about 

half): the more changes that occur, the more difficult 

cryptographic algorithms to be completed or have high 

complexity. Landslide Implementation Effect of the number 

of bit changes obtained from the XOR calculation from the 

plaintext and ciphertext distribution to binary numbers, then 

prove the combined MD5 with the Playfair 13x13 
algorithm. Graph of Landslide Effects: 

 

Table III-1 Comparison of Ciphertext Randomness Test Results 

 

No 
Data 

Password 

Plaintext length 

(bit) 

Afvalanche 

Effect 

1 Sample 1 142 43,18 

2 Sample 2 482 41,31 

3 Sample 3 993 45,07 

4 Sample 4 1287 47,06 

5 Sample 5 1.981 47,51 

6 Sample 6 2.212 40,87 

7 Sample 7 3.580 45,34 

8 Sample 8 3.780 47,31 

9 Sample 9 4.324 44,96 

10 Sample 10 5.520 45,15 

11 Sample 11 5.804 46,93 

12 Sample 12 6.916 48,77 

13 Sample 13 7.882 44,92 

14 Sample 14 8.576 45,01 

15 Sample 15 18.796 45,97 

16 Sample 16 10.940 38,81 

17 Sample 17 16.980 43,62 

18 Sample 18 12.176 45,43 

19 Sample 19 31.992 44,94 

20 Sample 20 19.840 39,61 

21 Sample 21 33.372 40,14 

22 Sample 22 35.796 39,96 

23 Sample 23 25.692 44,40 

24 Sample 24 38.680 44,80 

25 Sample 25 58.286 44,48 

26 Sample 26 70.212 40,10 

27 Sample 27 95.890 44,73 

28 Sample 28 121.748 44,49 

29 Sample 29 138.780 44,15 

30 Sample 30 141.468 44,63 

Avalanche Effect Average Score 44,12 

 
 

 
Fig. 6. Avalanche Effect Test Results 

CONCLUSION 

Based on the results of research conducted, password 

authentication data security can answer the hypothesis at the 
beginning of the study by applying the MD5 algorithm and 

then combining it with Playfair 13x13, which can improve 



36 | Vol.1 No.2, 10 July 2020 
Buana Information Tchnology and Computer Sciences (BIT and CS) 

the security data on the previous MD5 password algorithm, 

with the Avalanche Effect test results of 44.79%. Besides 

having the strength of the MD5 encryption technique with a 

combination of Playfire 13x13 can cover the deficiencies 

found in the MD5 method. 

 

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