







































 

 P-ISSN : 2715-2448 | E-ISSN : 2715-7199 

Vol.4 No.1 January 2023 

Buana Information Technology and Computer Sciences (BIT and CS) 

 

19 | Vol.4 No.1, January 2023 

 

Critical Path Method in Contractor Service Company Management 

Information Systems Using Incremental Model 

 

Hamim Tohari 1  

Study Program 

Text Accounting 

Department of Computerized 

Accounting, Politeknik Negeri Madiun 

Email: htohari@pnm.ac.id 

Ahmad Kudhori 2 

Study Program 

Text Accounting 

Department of Computerized 

Accounting, Politeknik Negeri Madiun 

Email: akudhori@pnm.ac.id 

 

 ‹β› 
 

Hedi Pandowo 3 

Study Program 

Text Accounting 

Department of Computerized 

Accounting, Politeknik Negeri Madiun 

Email: hedipandowo@pnm.ac.id

Abstract— Good control is needed in managing a project, 

starting from controlling the human resources to systematic 

scheduling. CV. XYZ Surabaya is a contractor service company, 

that does not yet have an information system that can be used as 

a control tool in project management. Critical Path Method 

(CPM) is one method that can be used to schedule projects. This 

study aims to design a project management information system 

by implementing CPM. The system design is done using the 

Incremental Model. The results of this study are in the form of 

a prototype system that fits the needs of CV. XYZ Surabaya, 

includes system flow, Contextual Data Model (CDM), and User 

Interface (UI). 

 

Key words—CPM, Information System, incremental 

 

Abstrak— Pengendalian yang baik diperlukan dalam mengelola 

suatu proyek, mulai dari pengendalian sumber daya manusia 

hingga penjadwalan yang sistematis. CV. XYZ Surabaya 

merupakan perusahaan jasa kontraktor yang belum memiliki 

sistem informasi yang dapat digunakan sebagai alat kontrol dalam 

manajemen proyek. Critical Path Method (CPM) merupakan 

salah satu metode yang dapat digunakan untuk menjadwalkan 

proyek. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang sistem 

informasi manajemen proyek dengan mengimplementasikan 

CPM. Perancangan sistem dilakukan dengan menggunakan 

Incremental Model. Hasil dari penelitian ini berupa sistem 

prototype yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan CV. XYZ Surabaya, 

meliputi alur sistem, Contextual Data Model (CDM), dan User 

Interface (UI). 

Kata Kunci—CPM, sistem informasi, incremental 

 

I. INTRODUCTION 

Good control is needed in the management of a project. The 
control starts from controlling human resources to structured 
scheduling, and other factors that affect the progress of the 
project. In addition to influencing the progress of the 
implementation of a project, these factors can also be the 
cause of the minimum delay in project completion, so that the 
planned time does not exceed the predetermined time. If a 
project has a problem, it will have an impact on the 
implementation of the project, if the implementation of a 

project fails then the goals that have been set also fail, and 
will cause a waste of time and costs. 

CV. XYZ Surabaya is a company engaged in construction 

services with a specialization in floor construction, which 

includes Water Proofing, Floor Hardener, Sealant 

Polyurethane, Concrete Additive, Bonding Agent, and 

Concrete Injection, Counting, Epoxy Floor & Wall, Termite 

Control, Cutter & Ripere services. Concrete. The absence of 

a good management information system (according to the 

needs of CV. XYZ Surabaya) has an impact on business 

processes in project management that are not well organized. 

CPM is one method that can be used to plan and supervise 
projects, which is the method most widely used by many 
systems that use the approach to the principle of network 
formation. The use of the CPM method can save time in 
completing various stages of a project [1]. 

Observing the existence of problems in project management 
in CV. XYZ Surabaya, a solution that might be used is to 
create a web-based contractor management information 
system that will implement CPM in the project planning and 
scheduling process. In more detail, this contractor 
management information system is expected to assist in 
planning, minimize the occurrence of discrepancies in the 
plan and project realization, and facilitate the process of 
paying workers and filling out report documents. 

CPM is an activity-oriented activity that schedules project 

activities through network drawing [2]. Levin and 

Kirkpatrick in [1] explain that CPM(Critical Path Method) is 

a method for planning and supervising projects which is the 

most widely used system among all other systems that use the 

principle of network formation. The CPM method is widely 

used by industry or construction projects. This method can be 

used if the duration of the work can be known and is not too 

fluctuating. Siswanto in [1] explains that CPM is a project 

management model that prioritizes cost as the object being 

analyzed, CPM is a network analysis that seeks to optimize 

the total project cost by reducing the total project completion 

time. 

mailto:htohari@pnm.ac.id
mailto:akudhori@pnm.ac.id


 

20 | Vol.4 No.1, January 2023 

 

We can know the critical path by calculating two start and 

end times for each activity, 1) Early start (ES), which is the 

previous time an activity can start, assuming all predecessors 

have finished. 2) The earliest finish (EF), which is the 

previous time activity could be completed. 3) Last start (LS), 

which is the last time an activity can be started so as not to 

delay the completion time of the entire project. 4) The last 

finish (LF), which is the last time an activity can be 

completed so that it does not delay the completion time of the 

entire project (see Figure 1). 

 

ES A EF 

LS D LF 

 

Figure 1. Critical path elements 

Description:  

A = Activity name 

D  = The duration of an activity  

ES  = Earliest start   

LS  = Latest start  

EF  = Earliest finish 

LF  = Latest Finish 

Slack time is the free time that each activity has to be able to 

be postponed without causing delays in the overall project. 

Slack time can be formulated as follows: 

𝒔𝒍𝒂𝒄𝒌 = 𝑳𝑺 − 𝑬𝑺 

OR 

𝒔𝒍𝒂𝒄𝒌 = 𝑳𝑭 − 𝑬𝑭 

Description:  

Slack  = Free time 

LS = Latest start 

ES   = Earliest start   

LF   = Latest Finish  

EF   = Earliest finish   

 

According to Larman in [3], it is stated that the Iterative 

Model is a methodology that relies on the development of 

software applications one step at a time in the form of 

expanding the model. This methodology is based on the 

initial specification of the basic model of the application 

being built. According to K. Schwalbe in [4], the incremental 

model is "The incremental build life cycle model provides for 

the progressive development of operational software, with 

each release providing added capabilities". The Incremental 

Process model uses repetitive linear sequences to build 

software. As time goes by, each linear sequence will result in 

developments in software work which can then be used by 

users [5]. Each stage in the Increment Method, which is 

contained in the methodology, has input and output. The 

output of the increment process will be used as input for the 

next increment process [6]. The Incremental model was 

chosen because it has several advantages, namely: an easy 

process, there is testing and debugging, the possibility of 

project failure is small, and it can produce software according 

to needs in a relatively shorter time [7]. The incremental 

model is a method consisting of several increments with 

simple management, where the product is designed, 

implemented, and tested in stages (each module will be added 

in stages) until the product is declared complete or as needed. 

An information system is a system within an organization, 

which brings together the needs of daily transaction 

processing that can support the operational functions of a 

managerial organization with the strategic activities of an 

organization that can provide reports needed by certain 

outside parties [8]. An information system is an organized 

combination of people, hardware, software, communication 

networks, and databases that collect, transform and 

disseminate information in an organizational form [9]. 

According to [10] state that "Management Information 

System is a computer-based system that makes information 

available to users who have similar needs". Referring to some 

of these references, it can be stated that the management 

information system is a structured set of elements that can 

present the information needed by management to support 

decision-making. This set of elements includes people, 

hardware, software, databases, and procedures. 

Project management is a process of planning, organizing, and 
controlling company resources with short-term goals to 
achieve objectives and specific goals. Project management is 
designed to manage and control company resources 
according to related activities, time efficiency, cost 
efficiency, and good performance. This requires good 
processing and can be achieved. Some of the things that need 
to be managed in the project management area include cost, 
quality, occupational health and safety, environmental 
resources, risk, and information systems. Project 
management is the application of knowledge, expertise, and 
skills, the best technical methods, and with limited resources, 
to achieve predetermined goals and objectives to obtain 
optimal results in terms of cost performance, quality and 
time, and work safety [11]. The project management process 
can be concluded as shown in Figure 2. 

 

Figure 2. Project Management Process 

It takes a contractor who can carry out the work of the owner 

so that the work (project) can be carried out as planned. A 

contractor or can be referred to as a contractor, is a person or 

a business entity that is bound by a project and carries out the 

project by the contract agreement that has been made/agreed 

upon. A contractor is a person or entity who accepts work and 

carries out the implementation of the work according to the 

costs that have been determined based on the plans and 

regulations, as well as the conditions that have been set [12]. 

A contractor can be declared a person or an institution who is 

responsible for working on a project according to the 

specifications and budget provided by the owner or project 

provider. 

 



 

21 | Vol.4 No.1, January 2023 

 

II. METHOD 

This type of research is Research & Development (R&D). 
The information system design process is carried out using an 
incremental model.Jenis penelitian ini adalah Research & 
Development (R&D).  

Research Design 

The design and construction activities of the contractor 
service company's information system are carried out using 
the incremental model. Thus, the research design was made 
to follow or adapt to the existing stages in the incremental 
model, by the established boundaries(see Figure 3). 

 

Figure 3. Research design 

 

 

III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 

1. System requirements analysis 

New system design required by CV. XYZ Surabaya will 
involve five users with different access rights. The five users 
consist of Admin, Owner, Project Manager, Customer, and 
Foreman. The processes contained in the project management 
system in CV. XYZ Surabaya consists of (1) Worker Data 
Input Process, (2) Service Data Input Process, (3) Equipment 
Data Input Process, (4) Material Data Input Process, (5) User 
Data Input Process, (6) Order Input Process, (7) Project Data 
Input Process, (8) Transaction Process, (9) CPM Calculation 
Process, (10) Project Scheduling Process, (11) Attendance 
Process, (12) Progress Input Process, and (13) Salary 
Management Process. 

Input data user

Sistem Admin 

start

Input nama, 

username, 

password, 

hak akses

P
h

a
s
e End 

Daftar user

mst_user

 

Figure 4. Flow map user data input process 

 

Input pesanan

Pelanggan Sistem Admin 

start

Input data 

pelanggan, 

data 

pesanan

pesanan

Prencatatan 

pesanan

Daftar 

pesanan

Buat surat 

penawaran

Kirim surat 

penawaran

Daftar 

pesanan

End 

P
h

a
s
e

 

Figure 5. Flow map order input process 

 

Input data proyek

Sistem PemilikAdmin

P
h

a
s
e

pesanan_detail

Prencatatan data 

proyek

Pilih acc pesanan, 

input biaya, durasi, 

tanggal mulai, 

tanggla selesai, 

unggah dokumen 

pendukung

Daftar data 

proyek

start

Daftar data 

proyek

End 

 

Figure 6. Flow map project data input process 

 



 

22 | Vol.4 No.1, January 2023 

 

Hitung CPM

Sistem Manajer Proyek

start

Input nama kegiatan, alat 

yg digunakan, pekerja, 

durasi kegiatan, kegiatan 

pendukung

pesanan_kerja_

alat

pesanan_kerja_

bahan

pesanan_kerja_

kegiatan

pesanan_kerja_ke

giatan_pekerja

Perhitungan

ES (Early Start)

LS (Last Start)

EF(Early Finish)

LF(Last Finish)

Perhitungan waktu 

bebas/slack (S)

S=LS-ES atau

S=LF-EF

End 

Tabel CPM

P
h

a
s
e

Pembuatan/input jalur 

kritis

 

Figure 7. CPM Calculation Process 
 

2. Contextual Data Model(CDM) 

The CDM design which will then be used to design the 

application of the system is shown in figure 8. 

 

 

Figure 8. Contextual Data Model(CDM) Design 

 

3. User Interface(UI) Design 

Based on the results of the analysis of system requirements 

(functional requirements), UI designs are obtained for each 

process consisting of UI for (1) Material Master Pages, (2) 

Tools Master Pages, (3) User Data Pages, (4) Data Pages 

Workers, (5) Customer Order Master Page, (6) Transaction 

Data Page, (7) Wage Data Page, (8) Customer Page, (9) 

Service Listing Page, (10) Payment Page, (11) Payment 

Details Page, (12) Project Data Page, (13) Worker 

Attendance Data Page, (14) Login Page as shown in figure 5, 

(15) Service List Page, (16) Service List Page, (17) Worker 

Attendance Master Page, (18) Attendance Details Page, (19) 

Project Progress List Page, (20) Customer Order Report 

Page, (21) Transaction Report Page, (22) Salary Report Page, 

(23) Schedule Monitoring Page. All of these UIs are 

integrated into the main UI, which is the Home Page as shown 

in figure 10. 

 

 
Figure 9. Login Page 

 

 
Figure 10. Home Page 

In line with the research by [4] entitled “Implementation of 
the Incremental Model in the Information System for Leasing 
of Goods and Services PT. Sriwijaya Indah Persada 
Palembang". The results of his research stated that 
information systems can be built using an incremental model 
consisting of requirements, specifications, architecture 
design, code, and test stages, while this study resulted in 
system design, CDM, and UI. While the research by [13] 
entitled "Development of Patient Data Information System 
for the Rehabilitation Section of BNN Malang City Using 
Iterative Incremental Method", is also relevant to this study, 
in which the results of this study state that the results of the 
development of the information system are carried out 
according to the needs, this is evident from the results of the 
scenario testing carried out, while the results of this study also 
show that there is a conformity between the results of the 
system design and the needs reviewed based on the results of 
the system requirements analysis. 

 

IV. CONCLUSION 

Referring to the results and discussion that have been 

previously discussed, and after being associated with the 

formulation of the problem that has been determined in this 

study, the following conclusions can be drawn; The process 

of designing a Contractor Service Company Management 

Information System using the Incremental Model can 

produce a prototype system that includes a system flow map, 

CDM, and UI. The application of the CPM method in the 

design of the management information system of the 

contractor service company at CV. XYZ Surabaya is by 

system requirements. 

upah_pekerja

pekerja_absesnsi

absen_detail

report_kegiatan

alat_kerja

pekaerja_jasa

kerja_bahan

kegiatan_pekerja

gaji_pesanan

pesan_proses

kerja_kegiatan

pesan

pesan_jasa

bayar_pesan

absensi

id_absensi

tanggal

id_kegiatan

id_DO

keterangan

batal

cruser

crtime

mduser

mdtime

<pi> Variable characters (15)

Date

Integer

Variable characters (15)

Variable characters (250)

Bitmap (1)

Variable characters (5)

Date & Time

Variable characters (5)

Date & Time

<M>

<M>

<M>

Identifier_1 <pi>

absensi_detail

id

id_pekerja

presensi

catatan

id_absensi

<pi> Integer

Variable characters (5)

Boolean

Variable characters (250)

Variable characters (15)

<M>

<M>

<M>

Identifier_1 <pi>

log_data

id

operation

tabel

user

waktu

old_value

new_value

Integer

Variable characters (15)

Variable characters (150)

Variable characters (10)

Timestamp

blob

blob

mst_alat

id_alat

nama_alat

keterangan

gambar

status_aktif

cruser

crtime

mduser

mdtime

<pi> Variable characters (15)

Variable characters (60)

Variable characters (250)

Variable characters (100)

Boolean

Variable characters (5)

Date & Time

Variable characters (5)

Date & Time

<M>

Identifier_1 <pi>

mst_bahan

id_bahan

nama_bahan

keterangan

gambar

status_aktif

cruser

crtime

mduser

mdtime

<pi> Variable characters (15)

Variable characters (60)

Variable characters (250)

Variable characters (100)

Boolean

Variable characters (5)

Date & Time

Variable characters (5)

Date & Time

<M>

Identifier_1 <pi>

mst_jasa

id_jasa

nama_jasa

keterangan

gambar

status_aktif

cruser

crtime

mduser

mdtime

<pi> Variable characters (15)

Variable characters (60)

Variable characters (250)

Variable characters (100)

Boolean

Variable characters (5)

Date & Time

Variable characters (5)

Date & Time

<M>

Identifier_1 <pi>

mst_pekerja

id_pekerja

id_jasa

ava

nama_lengkap

upah_harian

npwp

tempat_lahir

tanggal_lahir

jenis_kelamin

ktp

alamat_sekarang

alamat_ktp

telp

phone

email

status_aktif

cruser

crtime

mduser

mdtime

<pi> Variable characters (5)

Variable characters (15)

Variable characters (250)

Variable characters (200)

double

Variable characters (60)

Variable characters (35)

Date

<Undefined>

Variable characters (20)

Variable characters (250)

Variable characters (250)

Variable characters (50)

Variable characters (18)

Variable characters (60)

Boolean

Variable characters (5)

Date & Time

Variable characters (5)

Date & Time

<M>

<M>

Identifier_1

Identifier_2

<ai>

<pi>

mst_user

id_user

nama_lengkap

username

password

status_aktif

hak_akses

cruser

crtime

mduser

mdtime

<pi> Variable characters (5)

Variable characters (200)

Variable characters (100)

Variable characters (50)

Boolean

enum

Variable characters (5)

Date & Time

Variable characters (5)

Date & Time

<M>

Identifier_1 <pi>

penggajian

id_penggajian

id_order

tanggal

keterangan

batal

cruser

crtime

mduser

mdtime

<pi> Variable characters (15)

Variable characters (15)

Date

Variable characters (250)

Bitmap (1)

Variable characters (5)

Date & Time

Variable characters (5)

Date & Time

<M>

<M>

Identifier_1 <pi>

penggajian_detail

id

id_penggajian

id_pekerja

bayar

upah

<pi> Integer

Variable characters (15)

Variable characters (5)

Integer

double

<M>

<M>

<M>

Identifier_1 <pi>

pesanan

id_order

id_pemb

nama_order

alamat

phone

telp

catatan

crtime

<pi> Variable characters (15)

Variable characters (20)

Variable characters (60)

Variable characters (250)

Variable characters (18)

Variable characters (50)

Variable characters (250)

Date & Time

<M>

<M>

Identifier_1 <pi>

pesanan_detail

id

id_order

id_jasa

luas

lokasi

jumlah

<pi> Integer

Variable characters (15)

Variable characters (15)

double

Variable characters (250)

double

<M>

<M>

<M>

Identifier_1 <pi>

pesanan_bayar

id_payment

id_order

pembayaran_ke

tanggal

nominal

attach

keterangan

keterangan_admin

konfirmasi

cruser

crtime

mduser

mdtime

<pi> Variable characters (15)

Variable characters (15)

Integer

Date

double

Variable characters (100)

Variable characters (250)

Variable characters (250)

enum

Variable characters (5)

Date & Time

Variable characters (5)

Date & Time

<M>

<M>

Identifier_1 <pi>

pesanan_kerja

id_do

id_order

tanggal

keterangan

batal

kerja_selesai

cruser

crtime

mduser

mdtime

<pi> Variable characters (15)

Variable characters (15)

Date

Variable characters (250)

Bitmap (1)

Bitmap (1)

Variable characters (5)

Date & Time

Variable characters (5)

Date & Time

<M>

<M>

Identifier_1 <pi>

pesanan_kerja_alat

id

id_DO

id_alat

jumlah

keterangan

terpenuhi

catatan

<pi> Integer

Variable characters (15)

Variable characters (15)

double

Variable characters (250)

Boolean

Variable characters (250)

<M>

<M>

<M>

Identifier_1 <pi>

pesanan_kerja_bahan

id

id_DO

id_bahan

keterangan

terpenuhi

catatan

jumlah

<pi> Integer

Variable characters (15)

Variable characters (15)

Variable characters (250)

Boolean

Variable characters (250)

double

<M>

<M>

<M>

Identifier_1 <pi>

pesanan_kerja_kegiatan

id

id_DO

id_jasa

nama_kegiatan

tgl_mulai

tgl_target

keterangan

<pi> Integer

Variable characters (15)

Variable characters (15)

Variable characters (100)

Date

Date

Variable characters (250)

<M>

<M>

<M>

Identifier_1 <pi>

pesanan_kerja_kegiatan_pekerja

id

id_kegiatan

id_pekerja

<pi> Integer

Integer

Variable characters (5)

<M>

<M>

<M>

Identifier_1 <pi>

pesanan_proses

id

id_order

penawaran

proses

gagal

kontrak

tgl_mulai

tgl_selesai

deal

crtime

<pi> Integer

Variable characters (15)

Boolean

Boolean

Boolean

Boolean

Date

Date

Boolean

Date & Time

<M>

<M>

Identifier_1 <pi>

report_kegiatan

id_report

id_kegiatan

tanggal

presentase

keterangan

dokumentasi

batal

cruser

crtime

mduser

mdtime

<pi> Variable characters (15)

Integer

Date

Integer

Variable characters (250)

Variable characters (100)

Bitmap (1)

Variable characters (5)

Date & Time

Variable characters (5)

Date & Time

<M>

<M>

Identifier_1 <pi>

settings_cetakan

id

kode

template

kertas

cruser

crtime

mduser

mdtime

<pi> Integer

Variable characters (100)

mediumtext

Variable characters (30)

Variable characters (5)

Date & Time

Variable characters (5)

Date & Time

<M>

Identifier_1 <pi>



 

23 | Vol.4 No.1, January 2023 

 

ACKNOWLEDGMENT 

Thanks to all those who have provided assistance and support 
to us, especially to the Politeknik Negeri Madiun through 
LP3M which has provided funding for this research. 

 

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