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P-ISSN: 2715-2448 | E-ISSN: 2715-7199 

Buana Information Technology and Computer Sciences (BIT and CS) 

 

Design of Interactive Media for Japanese M-Learning Based on 

Android Using UML and Waterfall Model 
 

Apriade Voutama1*, Elfina Novalia2 
1*Information Systems, Singaperbangsa University, Karawang 

2Information Systems, Buana Perjuangan University, Karawang 

E-mail: apriade.voutama@staff.unsika.ac.id1*, elfinanovalia@ubpkarawang.ac.id2 

 
Received: 2024-12-18 | Revised: 2024-12-29 | Accepted: 2025-01-11 

 

Abstract  

The development of open-source technology has created many innovations created by developers in 

creating Android-based applications. One of them is creating interactive media M-Learning Japanese 

language learning based on Android. Japanese M-Learning is made to facilitate students in the learning 

process and provide interactive convenience in improving Japanese language skills. M-Learning is 

made using the Android programming language with UML (Unified Modeling Language) design 

analysis tools and the waterfall model. The initial analysis uses the Usecase model to determine the 

actors involved in the system, and the flow of actor activities using the Activity and Sequence models 

and several other supporting models. The User Interface is made to describe the system being built and 

the Flowchart is designed to see the scheme running on the Japanese M-Learning interactive media 

system. The results of the analysis were carried out by taking satisfaction data from 30 student 

respondents, 81% stated that this Interactive Media was Good. 

 

Keywords: M-Learning, Japanese, UML, Waterfall, Android 

 

 

I. Introduction 

The increasingly developing technology and information currently has a great influence on daily 

life for all groups [1]. Especially in the development of smartphone technology. The use of various 

smartphones makes smartphones a primary need in communicating and obtaining information [2]. The 

development of smartphone devices that are increasingly high and relatively cheaper is the main factor 

in the use of smartphones in society. The Digital Marketing Research Institute Emarketer in 2018 

estimated that active smartphone users in Indonesia reached more than 100 million people. With that 

number, Indonesia will become the country with the fourth largest active smartphone users in the world 

after China, India, and America [3]. In the field of education, utilizing Android smartphones has become 

a major part in supporting the needs and effectiveness of the teaching and learning process. The many 

innovations made in developing various educational applications make the learning process easy [4]. 

The many learning models that are built to answer the shortcomings of previous learning [5].  

One of them is the interest of students who want to learn Japanese, the expensive cost factor and 

educational places that are not all available make this a challenge in itself in the learning process of this 

interest. Efforts need to be made, namely creating an interactive learning media in basic Japanese 

language learning based on use via Android smartphones [6]. So that with the existence of this 

interactive Japanese language learning media, it can facilitate and help students interested in learning 

and increasing their knowledge in Japanese. With the development that is already based on Android, 

this learning media will greatly facilitate students interested in learning Japanese without being hindered 

by space and time. The development of this interactive media cannot be separated from the planning 

tools and programming languages used. in the analysis and design process, the UML (Unified Modeling 

Language) diagram model will be used, and the Android programming language uses Eclipse. 

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Vol. 6, No.1, January 2025 | 27 

Mobile learning is a new phenomenon with the effectiveness of countless tools in terms of 

education and high-quality learning process. Smartphone is not just a phone but a device that can 

educate you at your will and at a time that is conveniently available to the user. Mobile technology or 

smartphones in the digital era used in educational purposes are the core function of the spirit and 

development of mobile learning and referred to as ubiquitous learning [7]. M-learning in educational 

environment has brought several opportunities for learners and educators as indicated by the scope of 

M-learning that can be accessed anywhere only through android smartphones. M-learning helps learners 

in the learning process, join social media, find answers to their questions, enable team collaboration, 

facilitate knowledge sharing, and thus, improve their learning outcomes. Several research studies are 

interested in developing M-learning applications in various contexts for different purposes with this 

interest driven by the availability of open-source development, accessibility of mobile infrastructure, 

mobile devices, low cost, learner motivation [8].  

UML (Unified Modeling Language) is one of the object-oriented modeling for designing and 

developing software or applications. UML modeling provides a standard for writing a blueprint system, 

which includes business concepts, writing classes in specific programming languages, components 

needed in a software system and database schema [9],[10]. UML is a very reliable model and is widely 

used by software/system developers because it is object-oriented [11]. This is because UML modeling 

provides a visual modeling language that allows system developers to create visuals in a standard form, 

easy to understand and equipped with an effective mechanism for sharing and communicating designs 

with others [12]. The basic concept of UML Abstraction consists of three parts, namely structural 

classification, dynamic behavior, and model management and can be the main concepts as a reference 

when creating diagrams and views as categories of the diagram. UML consists of many models such as 

Usecase diagrams, Activity diagrams, Sequence diagrams, Class diagrams, Statechart diagrams, 

Collaboration diagrams, Component diagrams, and Deployment diagrams [13]. Android is an operating 

system software used on mobile smartphone and tablet devices.  

The operating system is illustrated as a bridge between the device and its user, so that users can 

interact with their devices and run applications available on the device [14]. The use of Android 

applications in the teaching and learning process is very important for both students and teachers. One 

of the functions of Android applications for learning is the creation of applications related to student 

lessons where there are learning materials and a collection of practice questions that can be worked on 

by students. One of the Android applications that can be developed for learning is the emodule 

application or learning module. Android-based multimedia used in learning media makes learning more 

interesting than conventional information in the form of text by displaying animations, both audio and 

visual so that knowledge of historical information becomes more interesting [15]. The number of 

software/application developers in previous related studies such as research conducted by Chandra et 

al. 2016, entitled "Designing a Mobile Learning Test of English for International Communication 

(TOEIC) Simulator Application on Android-Based Smartphones" where this study aims to create an 

Android-based learning with a focus on learning and TOEIC Simulation tests [16]. Furthermore, 

research conducted by Aisyiyah et al. 2019, entitled "Mobile Learning-Based Learning Media for 

Momentum and Impulse Material to Improve Students' Critical Thinking Skills", this research was to 

create an Android learning application related to Momentum and Impulse Physics [17]. 

Furthermore, research conducted by Ibnu and Wasis 2020, "Development of Mobile Learning-

Based Learning Media for Physical Fitness Activities of Class X Vocational High School Students" this 

research produces android-based learning media for physical fitness learning containers for class X 

Vocational High School students [18]. Then previous research that utilized UML tools in the 

information system design process conducted by Fifin and Vina 2019, "Utilization of UML (Unified 

Modeling Language) in Designing Customer-To-Customer Type E-Commerce Information Systems" 

research conducted utilizing UML tools as a system design model.  



 

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Then research by Suendri 2018, "Implementation of UML (Unified Modeling Language) Diagrams 

in Designing Lecturer Remuneration Information Systems with Oracle Database (Case Study: UIN 

North Sumatra Medan)" the design carried out used UML diagrams in the design model. Based on the 

many previous related studies, the design of this Japanese language M-Learning interactive media needs 

to be created. By utilizing the design tools, namely UML and the research model using the waterfall 

discipline to focus on working on each stage systematically. The following is UML consisting of 13 

types of diagrams grouped into 3 categories [19]. The division of categories and types of diagrams can 

be seen in the following Figure. 

 
Figure 1. UML diagram 

 

Figure 1 shows various diagrams that can be used to help design the system. In this study, several 

diagrams were used, such as Usecase Diagrams used to determine the actors and the overall system 

description, Activity Diagrams used to show the activities that actors can do in the system, Sequence 

diagrams show detailed and more detailed descriptions of each actor's movement, Class diagrams are 

used to determine interrelated classes and also as a concept of the database. Then several other designs 

such as the design of the system interface that will be created and several flowchart designs to show the 

sequence from beginning to end. Each stage in this study uses the waterfall discipline so that it can be 

more focused on each part of the design. So that with the innovation and development of the interactive 

media application of Japanese M-Learning, it can provide convenience for enthusiasts to increase their 

basic skills easily. 

 

II. Methods 

The research method used is using the computer science discipline SDLC (System Development 

Life Cycle) or can be interpreted as a system development life cycle. In general, SLDC has four stages, 

namely: Planning, Analysis, Implementation, and Maintenance [20]. These stages can be more detailed 

by utilizing a model from SDLC. This study uses an implementation model, namely waterfall, which is 

often referred to as the Linear Sequential Model [21]. The waterfall model will start from the planning 

stage, then collect data from research case studies, and carry out the process of modeling the analysis 

results using UML, and carry out the design using UML, then enter development or coding, and the last 

stage is testing and implementation [22]. 



Vol. 6, No.1, January 2025 | 29 

 
Figure 2. Research Framework 

 

III. Results and Discussions 

          A.  Analysis 

Analysis is done by utilizing several UML models by producing an analysis design that will be 

made. The following is the definition of actors in the mobile learning application. 
 

Table 1. Definition of Actor 

No Actor Description 

1 User The user is the main actor in this mobile learning application. Because this mobile 

learning application is offline, the user is the only actor involved in this system. 

2 Admin Admin is an actor who acts as an operator in the mobile learning application. It is 

called an operator because the admin is an actor who inputs data into this 

application so that it can become an application that is ready to be used by the user. 

 
The following is the Usecase plan that was formed. 

 

 
Figure 3. Usecase Diagram 

 

Activity diagrams describe how activities occur in the system to be designed. Activity diagrams are 

the same as flowcharts that describe the processes that occur between actors and systems. Admin and 

user activity diagrams are the steps of activities carried out by each actor in the application. The 

following are the admin and user activity diagrams. 



 

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Figure 4. Admin Activity Diagram 

 

 
Figure 5. Activity Diagram User 

 
Sequence Diagrams are commonly used to describe scenarios or series of steps taken in response to 

an event to produce a specific output. Data management sequence diagrams describe the activities 

carried out by the admin when inputting application data. 

 

 
Figure 6. Data Management Sequence Diagram 

 

The Indonesian tab menu sequence diagram illustrates the activities performed by the user after 

entering the main menu by selecting the Indonesian tab. In this menu, the user can search for Japanese 

words that are not understood. 
 

 
Figure 7. Sequence Diagram of the Indonesian Menu Tab 

The Japanese tab menu sequence diagram illustrates the activities performed by the user after 

entering the main menu by selecting the Japanese tab. In this menu, the user can search for the meaning 

of Japanese words that are not understood. 
 



Vol. 6, No.1, January 2025 | 31 

 
Figure 8. Japanese Tab Menu Sequence Diagram 

 

The quiz menu sequence diagram illustrates the activities carried out by the user after entering the 

main menu by selecting the quiz menu. In this menu, the user can work on quizzes from previously 

available materials. 
 

 
Figure 9. Sequence Diagram Tab Menu Quiz 

 

The audio menu sequence diagram illustrates the activities performed by the user after entering the 

main menu by selecting the audio menu. In this menu, the user can listen to Japanese language learning 

recordings from Japanese NHK radio. 

 

 
Figure 10. Audio Menu Tab Sequence Diagram 

 
B.   Design 

At this design stage is a continuation of the analysis design results. Some are used to describe the 

results of the analysis made previously. Class Diagram describes a collection of object classes. In this 

class diagram will be explained about the classes contained in the M-Learning application. Through the 

class diagram, the author will design the M-Learning application by describing several classes that will 

be used in this M-Learning application. 



 

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Figure 11. Class Diagram 

 

Interface design is done to describe in general how the application output will look. Therefore, 

interface design can also be said to be a sketch of the application to be designed. Interface design helps 

in creating application designs; therefore, it is very necessary to create an interface design first before 

designing the application design. 
 

      
Figure 12. Main Menu & Tab Interface Indonesia/Japan 

 

C.   System Structure and Flowchart 

At this stage, it shows part of the system structure and a flowchart of the process flow of each 

program activity. The menu structure is a general form of an application design to make it easier for 

users to run the application so that when running the application, users do not have difficulty in selecting 

the desired menus. The following is the form of the M-Learning application interface menu structure. 

 

 
Figure 13. M-learning Application Structure 

 

 



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The Indonesian tab procedure is a procedure that occurs when the user selects the Indonesian tab 

in the application, while the Japanese tab procedure is a procedure that occurs when the user selects the 

Japanese tab in the application. The flowchart of the Indonesian and Japanese tab procedural process 

flow can be seen in the following image. 

        
Figure 14. Flowchart of Indonesian Tab and Japanese Tab 

 

The grammar menu procedure is a procedure that occurs when the user selects the grammar menu 

in the application and the quiz menu procedure is a procedure that occurs when the user selects the quiz 

menu in the application. The grammar menu and quiz menu procedures can be seen in the following 

image. 

 

       
Figure 15. Flowchart of Grammar Tab and Quiz Tab 

D.   Implementation 

System implementation is a stage of system development. In this stage, several activities take place 

sequentially, namely starting from implementing the implementation plan, carrying out implementation 

activities, and implementation follow-up. Mobile Learning application testing can be done on all 

smartphones that have Android OS. In this menu, users can select Japanese grammar materials that are 

available in the form of a list. This menu contains Japanese grammar materials that can be used to learn 

the order or structure of sentences in Japanese. 



 

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Figure 16. Gammar Menu Display 

  
The Indonesian tab functions as a dictionary in searching for Japanese words translated into 

Indonesian. The Indonesian tab display is in the form of a searching column, so users must input the 

first letter of the word they want to search for. After the loading process is complete, a list of words 

from the letters previously input will appear. 

 

      
Figure 17. Indonesian Tab View 

The Japanese tab functions as a dictionary in searching for Indonesian words translated into 

Japanese. The Japanese tab display is in the form of a searching column, so users must input the first 

letter of the word they want to search for. After the loading process is complete, a list of words from 

the letters previously input will appear. 



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Figure 18. Japanese Tab View 

 

In this menu, there are several NHK radio recordings that can be used as learning media in the 

form of sound. The display of this menu is in the form of a list of recordings, so that users can directly 

select which recording they want to listen to. In the detailed list display, there are three buttons that 

function to play audio, namely the play button (used to start audio), the pause button (used to stop audio 

temporarily) and the stop button (used if you want to end audio). 

 

             
Figure 19. Audio List View 

 

E.   Test Analysis Results 
The test results were conducted using a questionnaire distributed to 30 respondents after trying to 

use this interactive Japanese M-learning application. Where the contents of the questionnaire contain 

questions with three levels of answer choices, namely Bad, Enough, Good. 

 

Table 2. Assessment Questionnaire 

No Questions Bad Enough Good 

1 How do you rate this Android-based Japanese Language M-

Learning Interactive Media? 

0 3 27 

2 How do you rate the ease of using this system? 0 2 28 

3 How do you rate the visual appearance of this Japanese M-

Learning? 

1 9 20 

4 How do you rate the features in this Japanese M-Learning? 0 8 22 



 

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5 How do you rate the speed or accuracy when this application 

runs? 

0 5 25 

 

Based on table 2 above, the results of the rating levels given by respondents are obtained. The 

results are calculated and presented to obtain the following results. 

 

 
Figure 20. Assessment Results 

 
Figure 21. User Feedback Presentation 

 

From Figure 20, it can be seen that the level of satisfaction obtained from this interactive Japanese 

M-learning learning media. At the Good assessment level = 81%, the Enough level = 18%, while at the 

Bad level = 1%. Based on the assessment responses given by respondents, this application is worthy to 

be used and implemented for users who want to learn basic Japanese. 

 
IV. Conclusions 

The development of this Japanese language M-learning Interactive Media learning has a very 

positive impact on supporting and providing convenience for students or enthusiasts who want to learn 

Japanese. Difficult places to study and human resources, then with this created application can help and 

the process of developing knowledge in learning Japanese. Based on the results of the analysis, 81% 

were obtained with a good level of satisfaction so that the M-learning application is useful and provides 

convenience. So that with the existence of the Japanese language mobile learning application, it can be 

more efficient in time in searching and purchasing Japanese language books and can also save expenses 

because it maximizes the use of smartphones as one of the technological developments. In further 

developments, this M-learning application is still worth developing by adding new features so that this 

learning media is more complex and by developing more attractive and sweet interface displays so that 

this learning media can be implemented sustainably. 

 

 

 



Vol. 6, No.1, January 2025 | 37 

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