







































 

 P-ISSN : 2715-2448 | E-ISSSN : 2715-7199  

Vol.3 No.2 July 2022  

Buana Information Tchnology and Computer Sciences (BIT and CS) 

 

 41 | Vol.3 No.2, July 2022 

 

 

Systematic Literature Review Implementation of the Internet of Things (IoT)  

In Smart City Development 

 

 

Gunawan 1  

Study Program 

Technical Information 

STMIK YMI TEGAL & STKIP 

INVADA CIREBON 

Email: gunawan.gayo@gmail.com  

Wilda Shabrina 2 

Study Program 

Technical Information 

STMIK YMI TEGAL 

Email: wildashabrina8@gmail.com 

 

 ‹β› 
 

Wresti Andriani 3 

Study Program 

Technical Information 

STMIK YMI TEGAL 

Email: wresty.andriani@gmail.com 

Abstract. Internet of Things (IoT) "The smart city concept has 

become a dream that big cities in Indonesia want to achieve, 

basically the smart city concept focuses on developing the human 

element using technology. IoT opens up many opportunities for 

new services by connecting the physical world and the virtual 

world to various electronic devices. IoT aims to leverage cutting-

edge technology to support sustainable services for governments 

and their citizens. Systematic Literature Review (SLR) is one 

method in conducting an overview of previous interrelated 

researchers. The purpose of the literature study in this research is 

to understand trending research topics, methods, and architecture 

in the development of smart cities with IoT. In this study, various 

interesting information was found in various research journals 

regarding the role of IoT in building a smart city that has a role to 

serve smart city infrastructure, identify and analyze trends, 

develop smart cities and become innovations for IoT. Based on the 

research, there are things that need to be done to improve the study 

to focus more on the role of IoT that can be more utilized. IoT is 

also one of the technologies that are widely used in several 

countries in the development of IoT in the future. IoT in smart 

cities will become an inseparable technology because humans will 

increasingly depend on IoT in their daily lives. 

Keywords: Internet of Things, IoT, Smart City, systematic 

literature review 

I. INTRODUCTION  

The Smart City concept has become a dream that big cities in 
Indonesia want to achieve [1]. Smart city-based development 
has become a trend in cities or regional development around 
the world, with the belief that regions or cities and districts 
throughout Indonesia need to adapt, Smart City emphasizes 
the importance of innovation in solving problems in every 
city by using information and communication technologies. 
(ICT), sensors, and data analysis as supporting factors and 
facilitating problem solving (realization factor [2]. Basically, 
the smart city concept focuses on developing the human 
element using technology. 

The Internet of Things (IoT) opens up many opportunities for 
new services by connecting the physical world and 
cyberspace to various electronic devices in homes, cars, 
roads, buildings and many other places is recognized as a 
major research and innovation stream. A decentralized 
environment, urban IoT aims to leverage cutting-edge 

technology to support sustainable services for governments 
and their citizens [3]. IoT can also be used to increase 
transparency and promote local government action against 
residents, increasing public awareness of their condition. 
Therefore, the application of the IoT model for smart cities is 
very attractive to local governments who may be early 
adopters of the technology, thereby acting as a catalyst for the 
adoption of the IoT model on a larger scale [4]. With all the 
conveniences that the Smart City concept gets by using the 
Internet of Things (IoT) which already covers various circles, 
if the current technological sophistication looks like 
competing in realizing its development. Do not escape with 
all the advantages of the concept with all its sophistication. 
With all the sophistication of the role of humans as workers 
can be replaced with machines that have been created. And 
the worst impact is the loss of jobs and livelihoods for some 
people, for that we need to be smart enough to be able to go 
with the flow and take advantage of all the sophistication that 
exists to make alternative choices for business and develop 
capabilities [1]. 

To realize a sustainable city and support improving the 
quality of life of citizens, but there are shortcomings when 
implementing IoT such as the risk of system errors that may 
also arise due to power outages, the system also faces cyber-
attack vulnerabilities [1]. Technological developments are 
now growing rapidly and IoT media as a companion will 
always be present in all devices that are connected to each 
other, with IoT expected to solve these problems [1]. 

This study aims to see the role of IoT in smart cities. 
Thus, the research question is: "What is the role of IoT in 
building a smart city?" 

II. METHOD 

2.1. Study of Literature 

Systematic Literature Review (SLR) is one method in 
conducting an overview of previous studies that are 
interrelated. SLR is one of the standard methods so that the 
next research process can be re-done by other people with 
almost the same results. SLR is a secondary research to map, 
identify, evaluate, consolidate and collect information from 
the main study results related to the research topic [5] 



 

 42 | Vol.3 No.2, July 2022 

 

 

The purpose of the literature study in this study is to 
understand trending research topics, methods, and 
architecture in predictive analysis with IoT. [6] 

2.2. Research Question 

The purpose of the Research Question is to maintain the focus 
of the literature review. This condition facilitates the process 
of finding the required data. Table 1 shows the research 
questions for this study [6]. 

Table 1 Research Question 

ID Research Question Motivation 

RQ1 

 

Which journals 

most frequently 

publish topics on 

the application of 

the Internet of 

Things (IoT) in 

smart city 

development? 

Identify the journals 

that most frequently 

publish topics on 

the Application of 

the Internet of 

Things (IoT) in 

smart city 

development. 

RQ2 

 

Who are the most 

active and 

influential 

researchers on the 

topic of 

implementing the 

Internet of Things 

(IoT) in smart city 

development? 

Identifying the most 

active and biggest 

contributors to the 

topic of the 

application of the 

Internet of Things 

(IoT) in smart city 

development. 

RQ3 

 

What is the most 

frequently used 

topic on 

Application of 

Internet of Things 

(IoT) in smart city 

development? 

Identify the most 

frequently used 

datasets in the topic 

of implementing the 

Internet of Things 

(IoT) in smart city 

development? 

RQ4 What methods are 

often used for the 

application of the 

Internet of Things 

(IoT) in smart city 

development? 

Identify methods 

that are often used 

for implementing 

the Internet of 

Things (IoT) in 

smart city 

development. 

 

2.3. Search Strategy and Selection 

There are two criteria in journal selection, namely inclusion 
criteria and exclusion criteria. Inclusion criteria follow the 
following points: 

1. “smart city”, “Internet of thing”, “IoT” are in the title. 
2. Language: English, Indonesian. 
3. Year: 2017 to 2022 
4. Publication type: Journal and Book 
5. Accessibility: Documents available in Google Scholar. 
6. Document types: PDF, HTML. 

Exclusion criteria are all journals that are not accessible, all 
downloaded documents whose publication type does not 
match the inclusion criteria, all journals with incomplete 
content, and all journals whose content does not match the 
theme of the research question. 

The search process according to stage 4 in the systematic 
literature review stage above consists of several processes, 
including the selection of digital libraries and setting 
keywords. Before starting the search, it is necessary to 
determine or select the appropriate database to find relevant 
journals. The following are the digital libraries in this study: 

a. ScienceDirect (http; //www.sciencedirect.com/) 
b. IEEE (http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/) 
c. Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/) 
d. Keywords are developed according to the following 

steps: 

1.    Identify search terms from the PICOC, particularly from 
populations and interventions; 

2.    Identification of search terms from research questions; 

3.   Identify search terms in the title, abstract and relevant 
keywords; 

4.  Identification of synonyms, alternative spellings and 
anonymous of search terms; 

5. Determination of thorough keywords using the 
identification of search terms bolean AND and OR. 

The keywords used for the search are: 

2.4. Study Selection 

The main study search and selection process at each stage is 
shown in Figure 1. The selection shown in step 5 was carried 
out in two steps: exclusion of the main study based on the title 
and abstract and exclusion of the main study based on the full 
text. 

The study selection used was only journals, while books and 
proceedings were not used in the study selection: 

1. English speaking is preferred. 
2. Journals are included in computer science. 
3. We get about 1,000 journals about IoT. 

a. Then the selection was made based on the title and 
abstract of 100 articles. 

b. The final results of the selection are 15 journals in the 
main study. 



 

 43 | Vol.3 No.2, July 2022 

 

 

 

 

Figure 1. Main Study Search and Selection 

2.5. Literature Extraction and Analysis 

Main Study Ecstasy 

Data extraction was designed to collect data from the main 
study needed to answer the research question. 

Table 2 Data Extraction for Questions 

Property 
Research question 

The year of publication and the 

most active researchers RQ1, RQ2 

Datasets used RQ3 

Methods that are often used for 

implementing Internet of Things 

in Smart City development 
RQ4 

 

Literature Analysis 

a. Deep Learning Analysis originated from the study of 
Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), 

b. The most popular Deep Learning methods, especially in 
smart city research: RNN, CNN, DBN and SAE 

c. There are 4 types of RNN: Long Short-Term Memory 
(LSTM), Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU), Bi-directional 
RNN and RNN encoder-decoder. 

d. CNN: consists of a number of convolutional layers 
connected as hidden layers 

e. DBN: a generative graphics model that studies the 
representation of the given data. 

f. SAE: A stacked autoencoder is created by stacking each 
hidden layer of an AE on top of another. 

g. RNN and CNN are methods of Deep Learning that are 
often used in health research 

 

III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 

From the search results of scientific publications on a list of 

digital databases that have been selected, several scientific 

publications have been selected that can be used as references 

for authors to answer research questions that have been 

compiled. There are scientific publications that cannot be 

used as references because they do not specifically discuss 

the Internet of Things in Smart City development. A 

summary of the evaluation results is presented in Table 3. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Exclude by full text (20) 

Take the initial list of main 

studies 17,195 

Start 

Select Digital Library list 

Define search character 

ScienceDirect: 1.718 

IEEE: 99 

Google Scholar: 17.500 

Exclude by title and abstract 

(113) 

Make a final list according to 

Major study (15) 

Finish 

Main study 

Found? 



 

 44 | Vol.3 No.2, July 2022 

 

 

Table 3 Summary of Evaluation Results 

Reference Research purposes Research result The Role of IoT 

[3] Showcasing the role IoT can play 

in smart cities. 

The application component 

contains the rules governing 

the decisions made on the 

smart home control. It is 

estimated that the application 

will also receive information 

from the electric utility 

regarding the supply of 

electricity, and information 

from the weather bureau. 

Play a role in serving smart 

city infrastructure 

[4] Discusses urban IoT design 

models by describing the specific 

characteristics of urban IoT, and 

services that can drive the 

adoption of urban IoT by local 

governments. 

Most smart city services are 

based on a centralized 

architecture, where dense 

and heterogeneous devices 

placed in urban areas 

generate various types of 

data which are then sent via 

appropriate communication 

technologies to a control 

center, where data storage 

and processing takes place. 

Utilization of IoT to make 

design and other application 

characteristics more 

attractive. 

[6] Predict data based on patterns 

extracted from historical data 

derived from IoT data. 

There are six research areas 

that are trending in 

predictive analytics with 

IoT, namely Transportation, 

Agriculture, Health, 

Industry. Smart Home, and 

environment. 

Identify and analyze trends, 

methods and architectures 

used in predictive analytics 

with IoT. 

[1] Providing solutions that make it 

easier for humans in several 

sectors of work. 

Infrastructure, management, 

regulation and citizens are 

the main components that 

are very efficient when 

viewed from the needs of the 

city of Jakarta itself in 

implementing a smart city. 

Playing a role in the 

development of a smart city, 

with a fast internet network, 

supervision of all cities can 

be done quickly. 

[5] Applications improve services 

and help simplify decision 

making 

IoT with a very 

heterogeneous network 

application with various 

types of objects. Provide 

opportunities and challenges 

in the decision-making 

process. 

The main trends in the 

application of IoT to support 

decision making are in the 

health, manufacturing and 

industry sectors, 

transportation, agriculture 

and smart home. 

[2] Creating integration, 

synchronization, and synergy 

between smart city development 

planning at the central and 

regional levels, encouraging an 

effective, efficient, inclusive and 

participatory smart city 

development process 

There are 5 factors that 

support smart cities in 

Temanggung Regency, 

namely nature factors, 

structural factors, 

infrastructure factors, 

superstructure factors, 

cultural factors. 

Temanggung Regency has 

quite good regional 

readiness, especially in terms 

of regional digital 

infrastructure 

[7][8] A communications infrastructure 

that provides unified, simple and 

economical access to a large 

number of public services, 

thereby unleashing potential 

synergies and increasing 

transparency to citizens 

Build a multipurpose IoT 

mode even from very limited 

devices. Using information 

schema & XML schema 

Analyze solutions for urban 

IoT deployments. Starting 

from field trials which are 

expected to eliminate the 

uncertainty that still hinders 

the IoT paradigm 



 

 45 | Vol.3 No.2, July 2022 

 

 

[9] Making the Internet more 

immersive and pervasive. Allows 

easy access and interaction with a 

wide variety of devices. 

Padova Smart City was 

successfully realized in the 

city of Padova which 

specializes in the 

development of Innovative 

IoT solutions, which has 

developed IoT mode and 

control software. 

Analyze available solutions 

for urban IoT 

implementation. 

[10] Provide an evaluation of the 

readiness level for implementing 

smart mobility in Jakarta 

Measurement of Jakarta's 

smart mobility is carried out 

using the indicators 

contained in smart mobility 

In Jakarta, it can be said that 

they are ready to implement 

smart mobility in terms of 

accessibility and 

connectivity as well as the 

use of information and 

communication technology 

[11] IoT extends the benefits of 

continuously connected internet 

connectivity 

Cities in Indonesia accept 

the concept of adaptation 

from a country that has 

successfully implemented 

the concept of a smart city 

The development of IoT-

based infrastructure will 

facilitate the development of 

smart cities in Indonesia. 

[12] The realization of a smart city to 

create a city that is comfortable, 

safe, efficient and sustainable, as 

well as increasing transparency 

and efficiency of government 

governance in the city of 

Bandung 

The IoT concept in Bandung 

is designed based on the 

results of a review of the 

theory and the development 

of previous research 

IoT requires a framework or 

concept to be implemented 

because of the many 

concepts, models and 

hardware and software 

devices that have a very 

broad scope in IoT 

technology. 

[13] Creating an intelligent 

environment by utilizing various 

smart objects/devices that have 

sensory and communication 

capabilities to generate data and 

send it over the internet to make 

decisions 

An IoT system can be 

represented and described in 

3 main layers, namely the 

transportation layer and the 

application layer. Each has a 

different technology 

Researchers have shown 

issues regarding privacy, 

security and energy 

management that are still the 

main focus in the 

development of IoT in the 

future. 

[14] IoT using fog computing 

architecture offers a very feasible 

design study which is expected to 

be more satisfying with the new 

concept 

The results of the smart city 

design will be divided into 2 

parts, namely smart city 

design in fields and 

architectural designs in all 

fields 

IoT is chosen by using fog 

computing architecture to 

reduce latency, simplify 

communication between 

central devices 

[15] Significant developments in 

smart cities, IoT, Crowdsourcing 

with a focus on technology, 

challenges and the latest 

developments related to smart 

cities. 

IoT development and 

crowdsourcing are important 

drivers for smart city 

development. 

Smart Cities act as 

innovations for IoT and 

Crowdsourcing. 

[16] To synthesize developments in 

the field of IoT and smart cities 

and advance the existing 

knowledge base by providing 

some recommendations for future 

research. 

Assist researchers who are 

actively investigating IoT in 

a smart city context. 

Fills gaps in the literature by 

uncovering various IoT and 

smart city research issues 

and topics. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 



 

 46 | Vol.3 No.2, July 2022 

 

 

IV. CONCLUSION 

In this study, based on the results of SLR searches conducted, 
found various interesting information in various journals that 
were studied about the role of IoT in building smart cities, 
namely serving smart city infrastructure, identifying and 
analyzing trends, developing smart cities, and being an 
innovation for IoT. 

REFERENCES 

[1] M. Subani, I. Ramadhan, A. Syah Putra, and A. Al 

Muslim, “Perkembangan Internet of Think (IOT) dan 

Instalasi Komputer Terhadap Perkembangan Kota Pintar 

di Ibukota DKI Jakarta,” IKRA-ITH Inform.  J. Komput. 

dan Inform., vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 88–93, 2021. 

[2] A. Fahrina, Y. Wirani, A. Gandhi, Y. Ruldeviyani, and 

Y. G. Sucahyo, “Analisis Kesiapan Pembangunan Smart 

City Daerah Studi Kasus : Kabupaten Temanggung,” 

vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 984–995, 2022. 

[3] Agung Ahmad, “Pengembangan Internet Of Things pada 

Smart City,” J. Sist. Cerdas, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 41–49, 

2018, doi: 10.37396/jsc.v1i1.5. 

[4] Y. Marine and S. Saluky, “Penerapan IoT untuk Kota 

Cerdas,” ITEJ (Information Technol. Eng. Journals), 

vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 36–47, 2018, doi: 10.24235/itej.v3i1.24. 

[5] H. Yomeldi, “Decision Making in Internet of Things 

(IoT) : A Systematic Literature Review,” ITEJ 

(Information Technol. Eng. Journals), vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 

51–65, 2020, doi: 10.24235/itej.v5i1.40. 

[6] F. Rozi, “Systematic Literature Review pada Analisis 

Prediktif dengan IoT: Tren Riset, Metode, dan 

Arsitektur,” J. Sist. Cerdas, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 43–53, 

2020, doi: 10.37396/jsc.v3i1.53. 

[7] A. Kesuma and T. Komputer, “RANCANGAN 

INTERNET OF THINGS PADA KOTA,” vol. 2, no. 4, 

pp. 1–10, 2022. 

[8] A. G. Putrada and M. Abdurohman, “A Systematic and 

Critical Review on Activity Recognition in IoT-Based 

Smart Lighting,” no. February, 2022. 

[9] A. Zanella, N. Bui, A. Castellani, L. Vangelista, and M. 

Zorzi, “Internet of things for smart cities,” IEEE Internet 

Things J., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 22–32, 2014, doi: 

10.1109/JIOT.2014.2306328. 

[10] S. N. Agni, M. I. Djomiy, R. Fernando, and C. Apriono, 

“Evaluasi Penerapan Smart Mobility di Jakarta 

(Evaluation of Smart Mobility Implementation in 

Jakarta),” J. Nas. Tek. Elektro dan Teknol. Inf. |, vol. 10, 

no. 3, pp. 214–220, 2021. 

[11] Syahbudin, “Analisis penerapan smart city dan internet 

of thin gs ( iot ) di indonesia,” vol. 2016, no. 1, pp. 1–5, 

2016. 

[12] S. Hidayatulloh, “Internet of Things Bandung Smart 

City,” J. Inform., vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 164–175, 2016. 

[13] E. Dianawati, “Future of Internet of Things in Smart 

City,” ITEJ (Information Technol. Eng. Journals), vol. 

4, no. 1, pp. 39–51, 2019, doi: 10.24235/itej.v4i1.49. 

[14] Bayu Prastyo, Faiz Syaikhoni Aziz, Wahyu Pribadi, and 

A.N. Afandi, “Desain Banyumas Smart City Berbasis 

Internet of Things (IoT) Menggunakan Fog Computing 

Architecture,” J. JEETech, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 6–13, 2020, 

doi: 10.48056/jeetech.v1i2.7. 

[15] I. Shahrour and X. Xie, “kota pintar Peran Internet of 

Things ( IoT ) dan Crowdsourcing dalam Proyek Smart 

City,” pp. 1276–1292, 2021. 

[16] A. Rejeb, K. Rejeb, S. Simske, and H. Treiblmaier, 

“Internet untuk segala Gambaran besar di internet hal-

hal dan kota pintar : ulasan tentang apa yang kita ketahui 

dan apa yang perlu kita ketahui,” vol. 19, pp. 1–21, 2022, 

doi: 10.1016/j.iot.2022.100565. 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   


