Bulletin of Social Informatics Theory and Application ISSN 2614-0047
Vol. 6, No. 2, December 2022, pp. 120-131 120
https:doi.org/10.31763/businta.v6i2.395
Impact of intense social media usage on sleeping pattern
Nadifah Adya Ilham a,1,*, Mahisha Mutharrif Laila a,2, Muhammad Aditia Syauqi a,3, Mohammad
Ardy Audya Armadhana a,4 , Anusua Ghosh b,5
a Undergraduate, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, Indonesia
b University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
1 nadifaadya.1805356@students.um.ac.id ; 2 mahishaicha.1805356@students.um.ac.id; 3 syauqi.aditia.1805356@students.um.ac.id; 4
mohammad.ardy.1805356@students.um.ac.id; 5 anusua.ghosh@mymail.unisa.edu.au
* corresponding author
1. Introduction
Social media is a collection of web-based resources that enable people to exchange and spread new
concepts, views, and knowledge in a more collaborative and virtual setting [1]. Social media provides
numerous opportunities for collecting knowledge, entertainment, and social interaction [2], but social
media users' influence on young people's sleep patterns has been a concern [3]. The relationship
between social media use and sleep has been linked to three well-recognized root causes and reasons
for the negative effect of cell media on sleep. Firstly, young people’s use of social media could
interfere with their sleep; this is known as the time displacement hypothesis [4]. Secondly, it is well
understood that using social media raises arousal levels, especially when using Facebook [5].
Adolescents can find it more difficult to fall asleep due to these elevated levels of physiological arousal
[6]. Thirdly, bright screen lights can disrupt melatonin production in teens who use social media [7].
According to this reasoning, individuals who use electronics that produce flashing video lights have
difficulty falling asleep before bedtime. Their biological clock rhythms have been thrown off, and
they have more daytime sleepiness [8].
Also, homeostatic factors, endogenous circadian factors, and behavioral factors are the three main
factors that influence sleep. Behavioral factors can replace homeostatic and circadian factors. The
homeostasis mechanism is a physiological and psychological condition that humans must satisfy
satisfactorily. A necessity is one of the things that are essential, useful, or required to sustain
homeostasis and life itself. Maslow’s hierarchy as show in Fig. 1.
A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T
Article history
Received October 20, 2022
Revised November 22, 2022
Accepted December 3, 2022
The sleeping pattern refers to resting after a day's activities. This involves the
number of hours spent sleeping and the body's overall wellbeing when
performing everyday tasks. When we do not get enough sleep, it immediately
affects our health. Several things, including intense social media usage, cause this
unhealthy sleep pattern. The use of Social Media can affect health, both
physically and psychologically. This research relies on the systematic literature
review (SLR) method obtained from databases, namely Google Scholar from
many countries, and data about the digital 2021 global overview report from
Hootsuite & We Are Social. Of the 55 studies obtained, 41 stated that
Insufficient sleep was linked to social media use, daytime sleepiness, insomnia,
or sleep patterns. According to the research, excessive social media usage is
related to sleep problems or disruptions. Social media usage will have a
beneficial impact since it will make daily tasks easier. However, unrestricted use
of social media can have a detrimental effect on sleep habits.
This is an open access article under the CC–BY-SA license.
Keywords
Social media
Sleeping pattern
Daytime sleepiness
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Ilham et.al (Impact of intense social media usage on sleeping pattern)
Fig. 1. Maslow’s hierarchy
In Maslow's hierarchy, The pyramid's needs rise from bottom to top, with the lowest needs at the
bottom and the highest needs at the top. The first layer of the pyramid represents physiological
requirements. These include food, water, rest, sleep, and so forth. These have something to do with
biological motivations [9]. As a result, it is critical to comprehend the factors that influence sleep.
Behaviors that occur before bedtime can disrupt sleep. Sleepiness or drowsiness during the day
diminishes the capacity to remain awake and aware during regular operating hours [10].
According to research findings published in April 2021, 4.66 billion people have access to the
internet today, accounting for nearly 60% of the world's population. So, based on this data, we can
deduce that with so much internet access, these people will naturally visit a variety of platforms, with
social media being one of the most common. For example, 36,5% of global internet users aged 16 to
64 use social media to “keep up with news and current events,” which is the most common reason for
using social media globally. Most internet users claim this is one of the main reasons they use social
media [11]. Therefore, one of the factors causing the pattern of shorter sleep duration in adolescents
is excessive use of social media, incredibly late at night [12].
Sleep disturbances can occur as a consequence of heavy usage of social media, so this study is
intended to present that there are a variety of related cases in different countries about the effect of
intense social media use on sleep patterns, with a variety of negative consequences that can lead to
poor body health. As a result, various types of people, especially Indonesians, must recognize the
importance of prevention. Recent data review shows that the percentage of people who use social
media in Indonesia can be inferred that many people need to be informed on when to use social media
and how to avoid disrupting sleep habits for their wellbeing.
2. Method
This research is a systematic literature review that summarizes some of the related literature for
the research subject. This research design is the newest approach adopted by researchers/experts to
analyze research results in various reputable journals with different themes. The stage of data
gathering is where analysis data was collected. Primary and secondary data were gathered in this
research. In this study, the primary data taken were journals from the database. Specifically, Google
Scholar and the following keywords were used in the literature search: “social media effect on sleeping
pattern”, “sleeping problem”, and “sleeping disorder”. The literature used was written between 2011
and 2021.
Secondary data is used to supplement primary data; for example, if the primary data contains only
abstracts, secondary data is used to complete the primary data. Secondary data were gathered with the
support of Google. Data collection in the study was obtained through several stages, including
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Ilham et.al (Impact of intense social media usage on sleeping pattern)
observation and literature study from research that used the SLR method and data analytics from
datareportal.com about the digital 2021 global overview. The digital 2021 global overview is a study
that includes all of the evidence, patterns, and perspectives necessary to comprehend the global ‘state
of digital' in 2021. The report involves statistics about how the world's population uses the world wide
web, mobile devices, and social networking sites. Finally, after gathering data, divide the research into
two categories: students and college students. The conclusion presents that social media has an impact
on sleep patterns.
3. Results and Discussion
As seen in [11], there are 4.20 billion social network consumers. This increased by 490 million in
the last year, indicating a greater than year-over-year growth of more than 13%. People who use social
media account for more than 53% of the global population. According to data, the total regular time
spent on social media has increased by more than a half hour in the last five years. The average person
currently consumes approximately two hours and twenty-five minutes daily on social media, equating
to approximately one full working day a week. About social media users by age, it shows that mostly
18-24 years old, with a total of 25,2% of 4.20 billion users that can be related to college students.
Students 13-17 years old, with a total of 6.7% of 4.20 billion users of social media
The data was chosen for journals or research data because it has problems, approaches, and
sufficient information for data selection. Based on the results of a review of the 55 studies obtained,
41. Research shows a strong correlation between social media use and poor sleep, daytime sleepiness,
insomnia, or disturbed sleep habits. The following results are obtained and divided into two categories.
Research related to sample Students and College Students.
Table.1 Research related to the sample: Students
No Year Journal Title
Research
Location
Population/Sample Result
1 2015 Adolescent Problematic
Social Networking and
School Experiences:
The Mediating Effects
of Sleep Disruptions and
Sleep Quality
Australia A representative study of
1,886 students in Australia
between the ages of 12 and
18 years old
Adolescents' inappropriate
social networking usage
greatly enhanced sleep
disruptions, which had a
detrimental effect on
adolescents' expectations of
sleep efficiency, lowering
adolescents' ratings of school
satisfaction.
2 2011 The effects of insomnia
and internet addiction
on depression in Hong
Kong Chinese
adolescents: an
exploratory cross‐
sectional analysis
Hongkong,
China
Secondary school in Hong
Kong.
Results indicate that internet
addicts were classified as
insomniacs and depressive in
this Chinese teenage study.
3 2017 Relationship between
Mobile Phone Addiction
and the Incidence of
Poor and Short Sleep
among Korean
Adolescents: a
Longitudinal Study of
the Korean Children &
Youth Panel Survey
Korea Korean Adolescent Results indicate that internet
addicts were classified as
insomniacs and depressive in
this Chinese teenage study.
4 2019 Social media use and
adolescent sleep
patterns: cross-sectional
findings from
UK 1. 872 teenagers (aged 13–
15 years) were surveyed.
The findings suggest that
social media usage and sleep
behaviors, particularly late
sleep beginning, are
correlated with statistically
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No Year Journal Title
Research
Location
Population/Sample Result
the UK millennium
cohort study
and functionally significant
outcomes.
5 2018 The Relationship of
Social Media Usage
Duration and Sleep
Pattern Disorders in
Children Aged 12 to 14
Years at SMP Negeri 1
Langke Rembong
Indonesia Adolescents aged 12-14
years in Langke Rembong
Junior High School
In children aged 12-14 years
at SMP 1 Langke Rembong,
there is a correlation between
the use of social media and
interrupted sleeping habits.
6 2015 The Relationship
Duration of Social
Media Use with the
Incidence of Insomnia
in Adolescents in SMA
Negeri 9 Manado
Indonesia Adolescents in Manado 9
Junior High School
The period of social media
usage and the prevalence of
insomnia among adolescents
in SMA Negeri 9 Manado are
correlated. Suggestions help
you spend less time on social
media and better control your
sleep time.
7 2020 Analysis of the
Relationship between
Social Media Use and
Sleep Quality in
Adolescents
Indonesia Adolescents in Lawongan
1 Senior High School
In adolescents in class XI
Mathematics and Natural
Sciences (MIA) SMAN 1
Langowan, there is a
connection between their
usage of social media and
their sleep quality
8 2017 The Relationship
between Stress Level
and the Incidence of
Insomnia in Adolescent
Social Media Users at
MTS Muhammadiyah I
Malang
Indonesia Adolescents in
Muhammadiyah Junior
High School
There is a relationship
between stress levels and the
incidence of insomnia in
adolescent social media users
(Facebook).
9 2019 Prevalence and Effect of
Social Media on Sleep
among Students of
Higher Institutions in
Sokoto Metropolis,
Sokoto State Nigeria
Nigeria Students from Sokoto
Metropolis, Sokoto State,
Nigeria's higher education
institutions
Students spend many hours a
day on social media, affecting
their sleep. There are growing
facts. A regular sleep period
of 7 to 9 hours is needed for
the human body to act
normally and healthily.
10 2017 Relationship Intensity
Of Use Of The Site
Social Networks With
Insomnia On Teenagers
At Muhammadiyah
SMA 7 Yogyakarta
Indonesia 134 Senior High School
Students
In adolescents at SMA
Muhammadiyah 7
Yogyakarta, there is a
connection between the
frequency with which they
use social networking sites
and insomnia.
11 2020 Identifying drivers for
bedtime social media
use despite sleep costs:
The adolescent
perspective
UK Adolescents between the
ages of 11 and 17 years
old engaged in focus group
interviews
This research aims to include
an adolescent viewpoint on
the reasons for bedtime social
media usage and the
perceived effect on sleep.
12 2021 The Role of Technology
and Social Media Use in
Sleep-Onset Difficulties
Among Italian
Italy Three thousand one
hundred seventy-two
teenagers aged 11 to 15
years in Northern Italy.
This research informs a
representative group of
school-age children about the
correlation between sleep
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No Year Journal Title
Research
Location
Population/Sample Result
Adolescents: Cross-
sectional Study
problems, technology, and
social networking. Screen-
based exposure and online
social networking are
substantially correlated with
teenage sleep-onset
difficulties
13 2014 Effects of Pre-Sleep
Media Use on
Sleep/Wake Patterns
and Daytime
Functioning Among
Adolescents: The
Moderating Role of
Parental Control
Belgium 1,926 Belgian students,
Adolescents
According to correlational
analyses, TV consumption,
except television watching,
was correlated to late
bedtimes and greater sleep
durations. Since social media
usage may significantly
impact adolescent sleep,
parental supervision is needed
to monitor adolescent media
exposure and moderate the
negative effects of social
media use on sleep.
14 2019 Associations of Social
Media Use With
Physical Activity and
Sleep Adequacy Among
Adolescents: Cross-
Sectional Survey
USA Students of the eighth,
tenth, and twelfth grades
in the United States
Regularly using social
networking daily was linked
to continuing health
behaviors, while mild social
media usage was linked to the
highest amounts of physical
activity and the least amount
of sleep adequacy for those
with modest health behaviors.
15 2015 Technology Use and
Sleep Quality in
Preadolescence and
Adolescence
Italy A sample of 850 (364
males) preadolescents and
adolescents
The circadian preference of
the evening, cell phone and
Internet usage, amount of
other tasks after 21:00, late
turn-off period, and number
of devices in the bedroom
have various detrimental
effects on sleep quality in
preadolescents and
adolescents.
16 2017 Sleep in adolescents:
association with social
media, mental health,
and problem behavior
Islandia Study participants were
primary school grades 8, 9,
and 10 studied in Iceland's
elementary schools
A chi-square correlation test
and two-way ANOVA were
performed to evaluate the
hypothesis that time spent on
social media affects sleep.
Those who invested a long
time on social media were
more likely to sleep
insufficiently (26.4%) than
those who spent less time
(9.7%).
17 2019 Media Use and Sleep in
Teenagers: What Do We
Know?
(American)
USA
American teens In conclusion, teens have high
screen usage and bad sleep
health (i.e., limited length,
bad consistency, and late
timing).
18 2015 The impact of Sleep
Time-Related
(American)
USA
American adolescents STRICT usage was correlated
with anxiety, excessive
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No Year Journal Title
Research
Location
Population/Sample Result
Information and
Communication
Technology (STRICT)
on sleep patterns and
daytime functioning in
American adolescents
daytime sleepiness, excessive
evening sleepiness, academic
underperformance, later
bedtimes, and decreased sleep
length. Daytime sleepiness
partly mediated the
association between STRICT
usage and underperformance.
19 2018 Fear of missing out and
sleep: Cognitive
behavioral factors in
adolescents' nighttime
social media use
UK Adolescents between the
ages of 12 and 18
Nighttime social media use
was correlated with later
bedtimes, greater cognitive
arousal prior to sleep, a longer
sleep onset delay, and a
shorter sleep period.
20 2016 Tracking Effects of
Problematic Social
Networking on
Adolescent
Psychopathology: The
Mediating Role of Sleep
Disruptions
Australia A total of 874 students
from 27 different high
schools were polled.
Adolescents who spent more
time on social media had
more depressed moods, with
sleep disturbances accounting
for about 53% of the
correlation.
21 2020 Social Media Use,
Social Media Stress, and
Sleep: Examining
Cross-Sectional and
Longitudinal
Relationships in
Adolescents
Nether-
lands
1,441 adolescents 11–15
years
SM usage was positively
linked to sleep latency and
daytime sleepiness. The
empirical data revealed a
positive correlation between
SM tension and resulting
sleep delay and daytime
sleepiness, but only in
females.
22 2015 Technology Use and
Sleep Quality in
Preadolescence and
Adolescence
Italy 850 Italian preadolescents
and adolescents
Adolescents showed increased
sleep issues, a proclivity for
evening sports, and a rise in
Internet and mobile use and
social media use. Poor sleep
quality for adolescents was
consistently correlated with
smartphone use.
Table.2 Research related to the sample: College Students
No Year Journal Title
Research
Location
Population/Sample Result
1 2017 Impact of Social Media
Usage on Daytime
Sleepiness: A Study in
a Sample of Tertiary
Students in Singapore
Singapore Tertiary Students in
Singapore
The findings of this research
pose health concerns around
tertiary students' use of social
media and daytime sleepiness.
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No Year Journal Title
Research
Location
Population/Sample Result
2 2019 Prevalence and Effect
of Social Media on
Sleep among Students
of Higher Institutions in
Sokoto Metropolis,
Sokoto State Nigeria
Nigeria Students in Sokoto
Metropolis, Sokoto
State, Nigeria
The study found a substantial
prevalence of social media use
among students at higher
education institutions in
Sokoto, with a large proportion
of them sleeping less. Schools
and the general population
should be conscious of the
detrimental effects of students
accessing social media late at
night.
3 2020 Analysis of the Use of
Social Media on the
Incidence of Insomnia
in Students
Indonesia Students of UIN
Sunan Ampel
Surabaya with a total
sample of 194
respondents
Social media usage and the
occurrence of insomnia have a
relatively poor connection.
Social media use without good
time management will change
a person's sleep patterns,
resulting in insomnia disorders.
4 2020 Relationship of Use of
Social Media With
Insomnia Events in
Students: Literature
Review
Indonesia College student There was a strong association
between social media use and
insomnia in 10 of the 11
studies.
5 2020 Long Relationships
Using Social Media
with Insomnia Events
in Faculty of Health
Science Students of
Tuanku Tambusai
University Of Heroes,
2020
Indonesia Student of the Faculty
of Health Sciences,
Universitas Pahlawan
Tuanku Tambusai
In 2020, there is a long-term
correlation between social
media usage and insomnia in
students at Universitas
Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai’s
Faculty of Health Sciences.
6 2017 Relationship Between
Internet Use and Sleep
Pattern Disorders in
PSIK Students UNITRI
Malang
Indonesia PSIK UNITRI Malang
Student
It proves that 28 respondents
experienced very heavy
internet addiction, and 19
respondents experienced poor
sleep patterns. Students at
PSIK UNITRI Malang Have
discovered a connection
between internet usage and
sleep disorders.
7 2021 The Relationship
Between The Duration
of Social Media Used
With Quality of Sleep
Aged 19-22 Years
Indonesia Udayana University’s
Faculty of Social and
Political Sciences has
a Communication
Studies Program
The more people spend on
social media, the poorer their
sleep quality.
8 2020 Relationships between
the Severity of Internet
Gaming Disorder,
Severity of Problematic
USA Hong Kong University
students aged 18-24 in
2019
Internet games and social
networking usage dominate
many people’s lives. However,
prolonged participation in all
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No Year Journal Title
Research
Location
Population/Sample Result
Social Media Use,
Sleep Quality, and
Psychological Distress
of them may have detrimental
health consequences.
9 2017 Social Media Use
Before Bed and Sleep
Disturbance Among
Young Adults in the
United States: A
Nationally
Representative Study
USA A national survey of
1763 teens in the
United States, ages 19
to 32, was taken
Sleep disruptions in young
adults have been linked to
social media usage. On the
other hand, previous research
has not clarified why using
social media right before
bedtime is so essential.
10 2020 Determinants of
Subjective Poor Sleep
Quality in Social Media
Users Among Freshman
College Students
Saudia Arab First-year college
students became users
Social media usage has
increased among teens. This is
correlated to poor sleep
quality, a hazard factor for
mental and physical health
problems.
11 2015 Relationship Time
Range of Social Media
Use with the Incidence
of Insomnia in Students
of the Faculty of
Computer Science,
University of Lancang
Kuning
Indonesia Student of the Faculty
of Computer Science,
University of Lancang
Kuning
In students at the university of
Lancang Kuning’s Faculty of
Computer Science, there is a
connection between the
frequency with which they use
social media and the
occurrence of insomnia.
12 2018 Prevalence of Insomnia
and Its Association with
Social Media Usage
among University
Students in Selangor,
Malaysia, 2018
Malaysia 445 students from
private universities in
Shah Alam
The moment they had the most
links on social media was
between 20.00 and 12.00 when
66.7 percent of them did so.
While the least access time is
in the morning between 08.00-
12.00 for 24% of respondents.
The prevalence of insomnia
among respondents was 69%.
13 2016 Influence of WeChat on
sleep quality among
undergraduates in
Chongqing, China: a
cross-sectional study
Xianglong Xu, Qianyi
Lin, Yan Zhang
China Undergraduates in
Chongqing, China
535 (27.0%) males and 1311
(66.3%) females for those aged
20.27 ± 1.26 years recorded
low sleep quality.
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No Year Journal Title
Research
Location
Population/Sample Result
14 2020 Social Media Addiction
and Sleep Problem: A
Structural Equation
Modelling
Romania University to all the
dentistry 1st- 4th form
students Faculty of
Dentistry, Cyprus
Health and Social
Sciences University,
Güzelyurt, Cyprus
Regular Instagram users have
mentioned sleep issues.
WhatsApp was social media's
second most powerful impact
on students’ sleep. WhatsApp
Users who use the app often
say they have trouble waking
up and sleeping.
15 2014 Relationship of
smartphone use severity
with sleep quality,
depression, and anxiety
in university students
Turkey Suleyman Demirel
University’s students
According to findings, mobile
overuse can be linked to
depression, anxiety, and bad
sleep quality. Overusing these
substances may contribute to
stress or anxiety, which can
add to sleep issues.
Smartphone addiction should
be closely tracked among
university students with high
depression and anxiety scores.
16 2020 Prediction Of Intention
To Change Sleep
Behavior Among
Undergraduates: Social
Media And Perception
Of Quality Of Sleep
Thailand A sample of 400
undergraduate students
using social media
The study’s findings suggest
that if students are to improve
their sleep habits, they need to
be educated about the
advantages of sleep and the
risk of sleep disorders, as well
as guidelines for how much
social media they can use each
day.
17 2020 Relationship between
Social Media Use and
Sleep Quality of
Undergraduate Nursing
Students at a
Southeastern University
USA A total of 133
undergraduate nursing
students from
Southeastern
University were
included in this
study’s survey
According to studies, 60% of
college students had low sleep
efficiency, sleeping an average
of 6-6.9 hours a night. People
between 18 and 25 use social
media at significant rates.
Numerous research has shown
that social media affects sleep
efficiency.
Of the 41, it was categorized into a sample of students and undergraduates. So the sample of
students obtained 22 studies, while the sample of students obtained 19 studies. This is accomplished
by analyzing the conclusions of each paper in order to see in detail the impact of social media use on
their sleeping pattern.
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For students from 22 studies, it was found that social media influenced their sleep patterns and
resulted in insomnia. According to a study on the effect of Sleep Time-Related Information and
Communication Technology (STRICT) on sleep habits and daytime functioning in American
adolescents, 56.7% of Insomnia, daytime sleepiness, nighttime sleepiness, academic outperformance,
delayed bedtimes, and sleep quality length were all observed in the study as they
texted/tweeted/messaged in bed [13]. According to one study in Chinese, the influence of social media
after sleep disturbance, namely insomnia, also induces depression [14]. These findings suggest that
complex pathways can occur between insomnia, internet addiction, and depression.
For the college students category, 19 studies show that it is true that the use of social media has an
impact on sleep disturbances, insomnia, and sleep patterns every day. Four of the studies stated that
social media impacts sleeping patterns and is directly related to depression, anxiety, and stress levels.
Research conducted at Students in Suleyman Demirel University states that the study suggests that
smartphone overuse, especially social media, could be related to mental, anxiety, and sleep quality.
Excessive usage can lead to stress or anxiety, leading to sleep issues [15]. The following is a case
description of the impact of social media on sleep patterns in various countries according to the 41
journals above, which are grouped by country. The diagram shows that there were 10 cases of the
effects of social media on sleep patterns in Indonesia. Then 7 cases were found in the USA, and 3 in
the UK, Nigeria, and Italy. Social media impact as show in Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Social Media Impact on Sleeping Patterns in every country
Another research found several points about the effects of heavy social media use by college
students. For example, of college students at Prince Sattam bin Abdul Aziz University, only 1% used
social media for academic purposes, while 57% were addicted to social media [16]. Nighttime
television and social media usage were positively associated with weight and weight status among
different first-semester college students in America [17]. The impact of college student bedtime and
increased mobile phone usage was substantially decreased with academic achievement and sleep
quality [18]. It is essential to understand how much time college students invest in social networking
platforms and the activities they participate. The concern is not social media; it is the actual usage and
purpose of social media practices that make the difference impact [19].
Several journals above state that the use of social media for students, especially adolescents,
must be accompanied by guidance from parents. Because most social media sites are owned by profit
corporations that often advertise and collect data [20], advertisers such as pornographic material,
alcohol, and a variety of other unhealthy items may easily reach adolescents through these social
media platforms [21]. So parents need to ask their children about their social media usage and become
better educated about the various technologies their children use
4. Conclusion
The literature review shows a relationship and impact between social media use and sleep patterns,
including insomnia, sleep disturbances, and daytime sleepiness. This is also supported by data from
the digital 2021 global overview, which shows that 31.9% of social media users are aged 13-24 and
can have the status of students and college students. On average, accessing social media daily is 2
hours and 25 minutes a day, with the platforms most frequently accessed being Facebook, Whatsapp,
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Instagram, and Tiktok. From 55 studies obtained, 41 studies show that this is due to frequent access
to social media before bedtime, both students and college students. Insomnia, where the longer a
person accesses social media, the person's sleep time will also experience disturbances, resulting in
insomnia. Several journals also state a correlation between social media use and the incidence of
insomnia. Even from 4 studies, The conclusion is that there is a connection between social media
usage and insomnia results in anxiety and depression. Some of these studies also stated that a
relationship related to sleep patterns with social media resulted in academic performance. The
everyday usage of social media and the activity of bringing a mobile or other devices to bed and the
longer the use of social media through these gadgets will further disturb the regulation of the hormone
melatonin so that it can cause insomnia which causes disturbed sleep patterns.
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