7 BULLETIN OF THE FLORIDA STATE MUSEUM BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES Volume 2 Number S A LIST OF FLORIDA FISHES AND THEIR DISTRIBUTION John C. Briggs /1007\ 40219--4.~t I , /851 UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA Gainesville 1958 The numbers of THE BULLETIN OF THE FLORIDA STATE MUSEUM, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, wiII be published at irregular intervals. Volumes will contain about 800 pages and will not necessarily be completed in any one calendar year. WILLIAM J. RIEAIER, Editor ROLAND F. HUSSEY, Associate Editor All communications concerning purchase or exchange of the publication should be addressed to the Curator of Biological Sciences, Florida State Museum, Seagle Building, Gainesville, Florida. Manuscripts sh6uld be sent to the Editor of the BULLETIN, Flint Hall, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida. Published 12 March 1958 Price for this issue $1.29 A LIST OF FLORIDA FISHES AND THEIR DISTRIBUTION JOHN C. BRIGGS 1 SYNopsls: The fish fauna of Florida i5 far richer than that of any comparable area in North or Central America. The 1,120 speeies which occur in Florida waters Pepresdnt approximately one-fourth the number of speqies recorded for the entire northern portion of the Western Hemisphere. Seventy-four of these ap- parently have a woridwide (circumtropical) distribution, while eighty-five have beeh taken only from Florida waters. More fish species occupy the marine shore zone than are found in all other habitats combined. This .shore fauna has a great deal in common with that of the West Indies, South America, and Bermuda, perhaps more than with the rest of North America. The surprising number of Florida shore 5pecies that range to the aastern Atlantic indicates a closer relationship to that area than was previously 5us- pected. The Florida Keys contain the greatest variety of fishes ih the state. The ma- jority of the mainland forms occur in the Keys, and, in addition, approximately 185 species that inhabit the Keys do' not occur on the mainland. A *stinct differ- ence is present between the Gulf and Atlantic coast faunas with the former. being a good deal ricber in number of species. There is also a clear indication of a faunal difference between the northeastern and northwestern Gulf of Mexico. The rich freshwater fish fauna of the other southeastern states has been able to penetrate Florida to but a limited extent; almost all of those species present belong to six families of which the Cyprinodontidae, Centrarchidae, and Ictaluri- dae have been the most successful invaders. A systematic list provides information about the range, habitat, and common name of each species. A bibli6graphy includes those references necessary for the identification of Florida freshwater, euryhaline, and marine shore fishes. "I truly believe that in the sea there is an abundance of infinitely admirable things, whereof God alone hath knowledge." Laurent' VitaI in Vo!/age. de Charles Quint. 1518. i The author, an Assistant Professor of Biological,Sciences, University of Flor- ida, is currently on leave of absence, as a Research Associate in the Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, on thi5 -campus. He is also an Ass6ciate of the Florida State Museum and a Research Associate of the George Vanderbilt Founda- tidn of Stanford University. Manuscript submitted. 19 June 1957.-ED. 224 BULLETIN FLORIDA STATE MUSEUM Vol. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction .... . '225 Terminology . 282 Acknowledgments . . . . 232 Classification . . .238 General distribution.... . 285 Di5tribution of the shore fishes . . 287 Local distribution.... . 241 Shore fishes. . 241 Freshwater fishes . . . . . 244 Euryhaline fishes . . 246 Systematic list of Florida fishes . . 247 Bibliography . . 802 Major works. . 802 Other books and papers . . . 804 Literature cited..... 315 Index to orders and families . . . 817 LIST OF TABLES Ecological analysis of the Florida fish fauna . . . . . 226 Florida 5pecies with a wo'rldwide_ (circumtropical) distribution . 284 Endemic Florida species . . . . .... . . . 235 Prirlcipal families of Florida shore fishes and their distribution in the western Atlantic ............ . 289 Marine shore fishes inhabiting the northeastern, but not the northwestern part of the Gulf of ·Mexico . 242 1958 BRIGGS: FLORIDA FISHES 225 INTRODUCI'ION The Bsh fauna of Florida is far richer than that of any comparable area in North or Central America. The 1,120 species which occur in Florida waters represent approximately one-fourth the number of species recorded for the entire northern portion of the Western Hemi- sphere. To ichthyologists this has been a rewarding area since the days of Mark Catesby who,:in 1748, complefed publication of the first scientific treatise dealing with the Florida fauna: "The natural history of Carolina, Florida, and the Bahama Islands; containing the figures of birds, beasts, fishes, serpents, and plants, etc." One might assume that the 214 years subsequent to Catesby's work would provide sufficient time for the FlOrida fishes to become relatively well knowh. However, a glance at the recent ichthyological literature is enough to dispel any doubts about the matter. New and important information along such lines as life history, behavior, morphology, and ecology is constantly. being disseminated; distributional recordk are still being reported; and new species are still being described. For the modern worker, then, Florida waters continue to hold the fascina- tion that is provided by a great wealth of research maferial. Perhaps another 214 years must pass before the fishes of this area can be said to be 1'well knowh." The most recent work which attempts a listingof all the Florida , species is the checklist of the North and Middle American fshes writ- ten by Jordan, Evermann, and Clark (1980). In addition to its original faults, this work is now far out of date, for the ensuing 27 years have brought a fair amount of revisionary work plus a veritable rash of minor collection reports and faunal.lists. The purpose of this paper is to present an accurate portrayal of the Bsh fauna in the Florida area primarily to help clarify the zoogeo- graphic relationship of F16rida waters with adjacent areas. A sec- ondary Durpose is an examination of the fish distribution on a local scale with an ecological analysis of each family (table 1). Also, the opportunity is taken to present a bibliography which lists those books and papers necessary for the identification of Florida Bshes. This is intended particularly for students who are in the process of becoming acquainted with the Florida fauna. Since this is a distributional list instead of a checklist in the usual sense (where only specimens taken and identified from a certain area could be considered), the inclusion of a name does not necessarily mean that individuals of that species have actually been captured in Florida waters. For example, there are a few cases where apparently 226 BULLETIN FLORIDA STATE MUSEUM Vol. 2 TABLE 1 ECOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE FLORIDA FISH FAUNA ~E 3 1 1Family ~ epuqd IE}01-E9 P el ag ic Be nt hi c sem ads65 m W A 1. Branchiostomidae -_ 1 - 2. Epigonichthyidae __ 1 1 - 3. Myxinidae ....._____-_- - 1 - - 4, Petromyzonidae .._..... - -11 5. Hexanchidae .._......._ 2, 1 6. Carchariidae ' i______. 1 ,-1 01 v , 01 CO r-1 01 C l ,-1 --1 CO 01 ,-1 01 + 01 1 1-1 -1 ,-1 7. Isuridae ._............_- - 2 8. Alopiidae ........_ ---.... - 2 9. Orectolobidae _.__... 1 10. Rhineodontidae 1.__--- - 1 11. Scyliorhinidae ..._-_ ..._. - 8 12. Traikidae 2-- 18. Carcharhinidae ».___ 11 4 1 2 18 14. Sphyrnidae .......---___ 4 - - 4 15. Squalidae _.._______ 1 1 8 10 16. Squatinidae -.-_...___.. 1 ' 1 17. Pristidae ........_....._-_. - 2 2 18. Rhinobatidae ______. 1 - 1 19. Torpedinidae ___...._. 2 1 8 20. Rajidae 6 6 12 21. Dasyatidae .._._-_._.--_-_ 4 4 22. Gymnuridae ___....__ 2 2 28. Urolophidae 1 1 24. Myliobatidae _.-_._-_.... 8 8 25. Rhinop.teridae _-4- 1' - 26. Mobulidae _..._..___ - 2 27. Chimaeridae .......1.-__ L 1 28. Acipenseridae ..._._..... - 2 - 29. Lepisosteidae .___---_.- - 22 80. Amiidae _...__........__ - - 1 31. Elopidae -_____..._..... - 1 - 32. Megalopidae _-___-_.- - 1 - 88. Albulidae 1 - 1 34. Clupeidae _.._...._.._ 9 12 21 85. Engraulidae 6 - - 2 8 ' 36. Alepocephalidae ___ - 2 4 6 87. Argentinidae -_.__..... - 8 - 3 (continued) 1958 ' BRIGGS: FLORIDA FISHES 227 TABLE 1-(Continued) E6OLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE FLORIDA FISH FAUNA 2 4 M U 1 #2Family -R .2 6 3 .= C. H : 95 -A -S - sorjads© . m m W A H 88. Astronesthidae _- --_ 1 1 39. Stomiatidae _-____.._.._ 1 1 40. Melanostomiatidae _ 18 18 41. Idiacanthidae - 1 1 42..Malacosteidae _._.__, 5 5, 43. Chauliodontidae :__ 2 2 44. Sternoptychidae _--- 16 16 45. Umbridae 1 1 46. Esocidae - 2 2 47. Aulopidae .__..._....._..- 1 - - 1 48. Chlorophthalmidae .... 8 8 49. Synodontidae 7 - 7 50. Ipnopidae 1 1 51. Bathypteroidae _-_._____ - 4 4 52. Myctophidae __........_ - 28 23 53. Alepisauridae -_.-_.- 1 '- 1 54. Paralepidae _._.__..... 4 4 55. Cetomimidae .__----- 1 1 56. Ateleopidae _ ---_--_-- 1 - 1 57. Eurypharyngidae..__.. - 1 - 1 58. Ariidae .._....___....._- 2 - 2 59. Ictaluridae 8 8 60. Catostomidae ______._ 7 61. Cyprinidae -- 20 20 62. Anguillidae - 1 68. Serrivomeridae __._-_.- 1 . 64. Nemichthidae 2 - 65. Synaphobranchidae .-__ 2 r- + - 01 01 * 66. Netta5tomidae - - 1 67. Congridae ..__ .......... 7 5 12 68. Dysomminidae - 1 1 69. Muraenidae _._...__._ 7 7 70. Ophichthidae 17 1 18 71. Dysommidae 1 - 1 72. Halasauridae 8 8 73. Notacanthidae · - 1 - 1 74. Belonidae 5 2 7 (continued) 228 BULLETIN FLORIDA STATE MUSEUM Vol. 2 TABLE 1-KContinued) ECOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE FLORIDA FISH FAUNA m E . CdFamily s 3 i * f 1 -1 epuoIA F o gamm#ke 75. Sconiberesocidae _-___ - 1 1 76. Hemirhamphidae ___ 5 - 5 77. Exocoetidae 6 7 - - 18 78. Cyprinodontidae ·__... - - 10 11 21 79. P6eciliidae __..__-_.------- - - 5 - 5 80. Aphredoderidae .... _.... - - - 1 1 81. Syndnathidae __.-__-_- 18 1 2 - 21 82. Aulostomidae 1 - 1 88. Fistularudae ........__. 1 - 1 84. Centriscidae __...._-_.._. - 2 - 2 85. Macroundae _......____ - - 21 21 86. Moridae .._ --_-__.--_-_._- - - 7 7 87. Bregmacerotidae __.... 2 - - 2 88. Gadidae ...........__..._-_ 2 - 4 6 89. Lampridae _......._----_. - 1 1 90. Stylephoridae ......_ _- - 1 1 91. Lophotidae ....___.- ___ - 2 2 92. Ttachipteridae _-__...__ - 8 3 98. Regalecidae _______ ____ - 1 - 1 94. Stephanoberycidae .._ - - 1 1 95. Polymixiidae __-__..__..... - - - 1 1 96. Diretmidae ____.___.___ - - 1 1 97. Trachichthyidae _.-_-__ - - 1 1 98. Anoplogastridae .__- ___ - - 1 1 99. Melamphaidae _--_._.-_ - - 2 2 100. Holocentridae __...___ 7 - - 7 101. Zeidae - - 3 8 102. Grammicolepidae ___ - 1 1 103. Antigoniidae _--__...._ - 2 - 2 104. Serranidae -_..__.__-.... 57 - 1 - 58 105. Centrarchidae ........_ - - 28 28 106. Percidae .........________ - - 11 11 107. Priacanthidae _....._.._ 8 - - 3 108. Apogonidae ....._.___._ 12 - 5 17 109. Malacanthidae _-____- 5 - 5 110. Pomatomidae _.-_..._.- - 1 1 111. Rachycentridae -_.-__. 1 .- - 1 (continued) 1958 BRIGGS: FLORIDA FISHES 229 TABLE 1-(Continued) ECOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE FLORIDA FISH FAUNA 4 v k 252 inum (Goode and Chaetodoh ava Jordan Be~n) Chaetodon striatus Linnaeus Lepophidium graellsi (Poey) Holacanthus ciliaris (Linnaeus) Ophidion beani Jordan and Gilbert Chromis etichrusurtia (Jordan and Otophidium omostigmum (Jordan and Gilbert) , Gilbert) Chromis insolatuk (Cuvier) Sphraena picudilla Poey Pomacentrus xanthurus Poey Pontinus rathbuni Goode and Bean Bodianus rufus (Linnaeus) Pontinus castor Poey Decodon puellarts (Poey) Scorpaena bergi Evermann and Marsh Hatichoeres bit>ittata (Bloch) Scorpaena agassizi Goode and Bean Halichoeres radiata (Linnaeus) Peristedion imberbe (Poey) Lachnolaimus maximus (Walbaum) Prionotus grisescens Teague Xt/richthys psittdous (Linnaeus) Prionotus ·beani Goode Nichotsina ustus (Valenciennes) BeZlator egretta (Goode' and Bean) Acanthunt,5 chirurgus (Bloch) Bellator brach!/chir (Regan) Acanthurus coeruleus Bloch and Dactytopterus colitans (Linnaeus) Schneider Opsanus pardus (Goode and Bean) Acanthurus randalk Briggs and Bothus ocellatus (Agassiz) Caldwell - Citharichthys arctifrons Goode Gnathagmis Zatic€ps (Longley and Citharichthys fimosus Goode and Bean Hildebrand) Citharichthys microstomus Gill Gillelus semicinctus Gilbert Gastropsetta frontalis B,ean Ioglossus caliurus Bean Syacium micrurum Ranzani Garmannia macrodon (Beebe and Gumnachirus williamsoni (Gunter) Tee-Van) SUmphurus minor Ginsburg Gobionellus stigmaturus (Goode and Symphurus urospilus Ginsburg Bean) Canthidermis maculatits (Bloch) Gobionellits stimaticus (Poey) Lagocephalus pachucephalus (Ranzani) Cobulus mversi Ginsburg Sphaeroides cutaneus (Gunther) Callion!/mus agassizi Goode and Bean Sphaeroides dorsalis Longley Caitionymus bairdi Jordan Sphaeroides harperi Nichols Canthigaster rostratus (Bloch)Opisthognathus macrognathus Poey Opisthognathus Zonchurus Jordan and Ogcocephalus paruus Longley and HildebrandGilbert Blennius marmoreus Poey TOTAL 108 244 BULLETIN FLORIDA STATE MUSEUM Vol. 2 other records in the literature. give evidence of a shore Bsh fauna considerably richer than has been listed, so far from the northwestern Gulf. In fact, the total of 108 species (table 5) taken from the north- eastern area that have not yet been found to the west gives a clear indication that the faunal difference is real and could not be attributed to merely a variation in the relative abundance of species. In regard to the opinions of Baughman (1950) and Ginsburg (1952), there is no need to utilize a physical barrier in the northeentral Gulf to explain the faunal peculiarities of the two sides. The work of Hedgpeth (1954, p. 206) on the bottom communities of the Gulf of Mexico shows a virtually continuous association of coral patches and sponges covering the broad continental shelf west of Florida from the Keys north to near the western boundary of the state. To the west of this point the coral-sponge association is abruptly replaced by the shrimp ground community-there are a few scattered coral reefs at the edge of the shelf off the Texas coast, but they are Widely separated from the corals of the northeastern and the southwestern Gulf, and there are no sponge grounds. The above information gives a good ecological basis for the difier- ences apparent in the Bsh faunas of the two northern Gulf areas. Tropical shore fishes in particular tend to become highly specialized and dependent upon certain types of bottom fauna for food and shelter. It may be noted that a large percentage of the species con- fined to the northeastern,area (table 5) can be considered typical of the coral community (especially the seven serranids, six labrids, five puffers, four scorpaenids, three acanthurids, three p6macentrids, three apogonids, and two chaetodontids). The coral-sponge association of the western Florida shelf offers a broad, continuous migration route north for fishes of this type. Freshwater Fishes Almost all of the Florida freshwater fishes (80· species· out of 88) belong t6 six families (Centrarchidae, Cyprinidae, Percidae, Cyprin- odontidae, Ictaluridae, and Catostomidae) which have an interesting local distribution in view of the recent geological history of the state. According to Cooke (1945), the present Florida peninsula had its be- ginning during the Sangamon interglacial stage of the Pleistocene when the Penholoway terrace was formed. This allowed the Wicom- ico islands to fuse into a long, narrow peninsula, which extended southward to about the Highland-Glades county line. The change from the Wicomico to the Penholoway stage involved a drop in the sea level from the 100 foot to the 70 foot contour and, presumably, 1958 BRIGGS: FLORIDA FISHES 245 allowed the gradual formation of extensive freshwater areas which proved attractive to the continental freshwater fishes. It is conceivable that some freshwater fishes could have survived on the Wicomico islands, havind reached these areas during the pre- vious emergence of the Florida peninsula. However, these islands were evidently rather limited in size, and the small amount of en- demism found in peninsular Florida fishes adds but little weight to this theory. Of the nine species of autochthonous freshwater fishes, five are cyprinodontids, all of which probably have a comparatively broad saltwater tolerance. If any species can trace its history from the Wicomic6 islands, it is most likely one of this group. Of the six families of freshwater Bshes listed above, five (all except the Cyprinodontidae); according to.the classification of Myers (1949), may be c6nsidered Primary Freshwater Groups. Bdcause of their physiological intolerance to saltwater, the invasion of Florida by these families had to be accomplished by means of freshwater migra- - tion routes. Although Florida has a rather high rainfall and a large number of lakes and streams, the low topography and generally slow movement of water tends to minimize erosion and stream capture, evidently making migration more difficult than in many areas with a steeper terrain. Also, many of the continental species Of freshwater fislies are ecologically better suited to comparatively swift streams with lower temperatures and different types of food organisms. This is particularly true of the species 6f Percidae, Catostomidae, and to a lesser degree, the Cyprinidae. Although there are eleven species· of Percidae in Florida, eight are confined to the extreme northern or western panhandle area, two reach to midpeninsula, and only one extends to the southern end of the pen- insula. Of the seven species of Catostomidae, six are still restricted to extreme northern areas and only one reaches down to near the end of the peninsula. A similar although less restricted pattern is evident for the nineteen native species of the family Cyprinidae; ten are ex- treme northern, six are found in midpeninsula, and only three have penetrated to southern Florida. The Centrarchidae and Ictaluridae have apparently found more suitable ecological conditions because they have become well dispersed-it is recognized that some of these species may have had considerable human assistance. Of the twenty- three Florida Centrarchidae, only six are confined to the extreme north, nine are found in midpeninsula, and eight extend to the southern tip of the state. There are seven species of Ictaluridae, but only one is restricted to the extreme north, two range to midpeninsula, and five are present at the southern end of the mainland. 246 BULLETIN FLORIDA STATE MUSEUM Vol. 2 The distribution of the sixth family, the Cyprinodontidae, is con- 5, . .sidered separately because it is a Secondary" rather than a Primary freshwater group (Myers, 1949). The species have a fairly well de- veloped salt tolerance and, in many parts of the world, have been able to colonize areas that could be reached only by crossing a formidable saltwater barrier-such as the West Indies, Seychelles, Madagascar, Celebes, etc. In many instances it is difEcult to decide whether a species should be considered freshwater or euryhaline, for little is known about the life histories of the 21 species of Florida cyprinodon- tids. As matters now stand, eleven are included in the freshwater category while ten are thought to be euryhaline. The present local distribution of the eleven freshwater forms (three in the extreme north, four in midpeninsula, and four in the far south)does hot have the same zoogeographic significance as that of the families of "Pri- mary freshwater fishes. In summary, it can be said that the freshwater fish fauna of' Florida owes its relationship and origin t6 the fauna of the continental United States. The rich fish fauna of the 6ther southeastern states has so far been able to penetrate Florida only to a limited extent, probably be- cause of difficult migratory routes and generally unsuitable ecological conditions. The members of the families Cyprinodontidae, Centrarch- idae, and Ictaluridae have been the most successful invaders. Conse- quently, the fauna of the southern peninsula is composed chiefly of species belonging to these families plus those euryhaline fishes that tend to prefer prolonged residence in freshwater. Euryhaline Fishes In addition to the Cyprinodontidae discussed above, the families containing the largest numbers of euryhaline fishes may be listed as follows: Clupeidae with twelve species; Gobiidae, ten; Seiaenidae, six; Pbeciliidae, five; Atherinidae, five; Bothidae, five; Mugilidae, four; and Eleotridae, four. Of the last eight families, only one, the Poecilii- dae, has all of its Florida species classified as euryhaline. All of the remaining seven contain marine species, but no freshwater ones. With the.exception of the Poeciliidae, which is sometimes considered a "Secondary" freshwater fish family, and the Cyprinodontidae, the euryhaline groups show a marine type of distribution similar to that seen in many of the shore fish families. - 1958 BRIGGS: FLORIDA FISHES 247 SYSTEMATIC LIST OF FLORIDA FISHES ORDER AMPHIOXI 1. Family Branchiostomidae-Lancelets Branchiostoma Caribaeum Sundevall-Caribbean lancelet. Chesapeake Bay to the West Indies and the northern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. 2. Family Epigonichthyidae-Uneven lancelets Asymmetfon lucayanum Andrews-Southern Iancelet. Atlantic, Indian, and west- ern Pacific 0ceans; in the western Atlantic from Bermuda and the Florida Keys to Pernambuco, Brazil. Shore. Amphioxides pelagicus (Gunther)-Pelagic Iancelet. Atlantic, Indian, and west- ern Pacific Oceans; in the western Atlantic from Bermuda, and probably south to Florida and the Bahamas. Pelagic. ORDER MYXINOIbEA 3. Family Myxinidae-Hagfishes Paramuxine springeri Bigelow and Schroeder-Springer.'s hagfish. Northeastern part of the Gulf of Mexico off the Florida coast. Benthic. ORDER PETROMYZONIDA 4. Family Petromyzonidae-Lampreys Petromyzon mannus Linnaeus-Sea lamprey. Both sides of the North Atlantic; known in the western Atlantic from Greenland to the St: Johns River system - in northern F16fida. Euryhaline. Ichthgoinyzon gaget Hubbs and Trautman-Southern brook lamprey. Lower Mississippi Valley including the western Florida panhandle east to the Ochlockonee River, Freshwater. ORDER SELACHII 5. Family Hexanchidae-Cowsharks Hexanchus griseus (B6nnaterre)-Sixgill cowshark. Worldwide in tropical and temperate waters; iIi the western Atlantic from Massachusetts to Cuba. Shore. Hexanchus sp.-Cowshark. Florida. Shore. Data not yet published. Heptranchias perlo (Bonnaterre)-Sevengill cowshark. Atlantic and western Paciftc Oceans; in the western Atlantic from the northeastern and northcentrat Gulf of Mexico to Cuba. Benthic. 6. Family Carchariidae-Sand sharks Carcharias taurus Rafinesque-:Sand shark. Both sides of the Atlantic; in the , western Atlantic from Maine to the northern Bahamas. Shore. 7. Family Isuridae-Mackerel sharks Isums oxyrinchus Rafinesque-Mako. Both sides of the Atlantic; .in the western Atlantic from Cape Cod to Rio de Janeiro and the northern Gulf of Mexico. Pelagic. Ca,charodon carcharias (Linnaeus)-White shark. Worldwide in tropical and temperate waters; in the western Atlantic from Newfoundland to Brazil and the northern Gulf of Mexico. Pelagic. 248 BULLETIN FLORIDA STATE MUSEUM Vol. 2 8. Family Alopiidae-Thresher sharks Alopias superciliosus (Lowe)-Bigeye thresher. Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from Miami to Cuba and in the eastern Gulf of Mexico. Pelagic. Alopias vulpinw (Bonnaterre)-Common thresher. Worldwide in tropical and temperate waters; in the western Atlantic from Nova Scotia to northern Argen- tina and the northern Gulf of Mexico. Pelagic. 9. Family Orectolobidae-Carpet sharks Ginglymostoma cirratum (Bonnaterre)-Nurse shark. Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from Rhode Islarid and Bermuda to southern Brazil and the northern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. 10. Family Rhineodontidae-Whale sharks Rhineodon, typits Smith-Whale shark. Worldwide in tropical and temperate ~ waters; in the western Atlantic 'from New York to Abrolhas Island, Brazil, and in the Gulf of Mexico. Pelagic. 11. Family Scyliorhinidae-Cat sharks Apristurus atlanticus (Koefoed). Coast of Morocco in the eastern Atlantic to the northern part of the Gulf of Mexico. Benthic. Gateus arae (Nichols)-Crested shark. Northern part of the Gulf of Mexico, and Miami, to the north coast of Cuba. Benthic. Scyliorhinus retifer (Carman)-Chain dogfish. Southern New England to the. northern part of the Gulf of Mexico. Benthic. 12. Family Triakidae--Smooth dogfshes Mustelus canis (Mitchill)-Smooth dogfish. Bay of 'Fundy and Bermuda to Uruguay and the northern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Mustelus norrist Springer-Florida dogfish. Englewood and Naples on the west coast of Florida south to the Keys. Shore. 18. Family Carcharhinidae-Requiem sharks , Gateocerdo tuvieri (Lesueur)-Tiger 5hark. Worldwide in tropical and tem- perate waters; in the western Atlantic from Woods Hole, Massachussetts, and Bermuda, to Uruguay and the northern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Prionace glauca (Linnaeus)-Great blue shark. Worldwide in- tfopical and tem- perate waters; in the western Atlantic' from Newfoundiand and Bermuda to the Rio de la Plata. Pelagic. Scoliodon terraenouae (Richardson)-Sharpnose shark. · Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from the Bay of Fundy to Uruguay and the northern Gulf of Mexico. Euryhaline. Aprionodon isodon (Muller and Henle)-Eventooth shark. Both' sides df the At- lantic; in the western Atlantic from New York to Cuba and the northern Gulf of Mexico. Shore., Negaprion brevirostris (P6ey)-Lemon shark. Both sides of the Atlantic; in the , western Atlantic from New Jersey to northern Brazil and the northern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Hypoprion *gnatus Poey-Night shark. Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from South Carolina to British Guiana. Bathypelagic. 1958 BRIGGS: FLORIDA FISHES 249 Carcharhinus acronotus ,(Poey)-Blacknose shark. North Carolina to Rio de Janeir6 and the northern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Carcharhinus leucas (Muller and Henle)-Bull shark. New York and Berniuda to southern Brazil and the northern Gulf of Mexico. Euryhaline. Carcharhinus timbatus (Muller and Henle)-Small blacktip shark. Worldwide in tropical and temperate waters; in the western Atlantic from southern New England to southern Brazil and the northern Gulf of Mexico. Pelagic. Calcharhinus porosus Ranzani-Smalltail shark. In both the western Atlantic and eastern Pacific; in the western Atlantic from the northern Gulf' of Mexico to central Brazil. Shore. Carcharhinus maculipinnis (Poey)-Large blacktip shafk. Jacksonville, Florida, to Puerto Rico and the northeastern and northcentral Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Eulamia altima Springer-Knopp's shark. Cape Canaveral, Florida, and Bimini, to Trinidad and the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Eulamia fdiciformis (Miiller and Henle)-Reef shark. Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from Delaware Bay and Bermuda to the West Indies. Shore. Eulamia floridana Bigelow, Schroeder, and Springer-Silky shark. Widespread in the Gulf of Mexico and to the south coast of Cuba. Shore. Eulamia milberti (Miiller and Henle)-Sandbar shark. Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from southern New England to southern Brazil and the northern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Eulamia obscura (Lesueur)-Dusky shark. Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from southern Massachusetts and Bermuda to southern Brazil and the 'northern part of the Gulf, of Mexico. Pelagic. Eulamia springeri (Bigelow and Schroeder)-Springer's shark. Englewo6d, Flor- ida to the east coast of Yucatdn. Shore. Pterolamiops longimanus (Poey)-Whitetip shark. Both sides of the Atlantic, and the western Pacific, in the western Atlantic from New Jersey and Bermuda to Uruguay, and widespread in tile Gulf of Mexico. Pelagic. 14. Family Sphyrnidae-Hammerhead sharks Sphy,na diplana Springer-Hammerhead. Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from New Jersey to southern Brazil and in the northern part of the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Sphyfna tiburo (Linnaeus)-Bonnet shark. Worldwide in tropical and temperate waters; in the *estein Atlantic from Nantucket Sound to southern Brazil and the n6rthern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Sphurna mokarran (Ruppell)-Great hammerhead. Both sides Of the Atlantic, and the western Pacific; in the western Atlantic from North Carolina to northern Argentina and the eastern and northwestern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Sphyrna zygaena (Linnaeus)-Common hammerhead. Worldwide in tropical and temperate waters; in the western Atlantic from Massachusetts Bay and Bermuda to northern Argentina and the northcentral Gulf of Mexico. Shore. 15. Family Squalidae-Dogfishes Centrophorus uyato (Rafinesque). Eastern Atlantic to the northern part of the Gulf of Mexico. Benthic. Centrophorus granutosus (Bloch and Schneider). Eastern Atlantic to the northern part of the Gulf of Mexico. Benthic. , 250 BULLETIN FLORIDA STATE MUSEUM Vol. 2 Etmopterus virena Bigelow, Schroeder, and Springer. Northern part Of the Gulf of Mexico and close to the Florida coast. Benthic. Etmopterus schultzi Bigelow, Schroeder, and Springer. Northern part of the Gulf of Mexico and close to the Florida coast. Benthic. Etmopterus billianus (Poey). Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from Chesapeake Bay to Cuba. Benthic. Etmo~erus pusiltus (Lowe) Eastern Atlantic to the northern part of the Gulf of Mexico. Benthic. - Squatus acanthias Linnaeus-Spiny dogfish. Both sides of the North Atlantic and North Pacific; in the western Atlantic from Nova Scotia to Cuba. Shore. Squalus fernandinus Molina. Worldwide in tropic and temperate waters; in the western Atlantic from South Carolina to Argentina and the northeastern part 6f the Gulf of Mexico. Pelagic. Squalus cubensis H6well Rivero. Northeastern Gulf of Mexico to Rio de Janeiro. Benthic. Dalatias licha (Bonnaterre). Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic , from southern New England to the northern part 6f the Gulf of Mexico. Benthic. 16. Family Squatinidae-Angel sharks Squatina dumeriti (Lesueur)-Angel. shark. Massachusetts to Jamaica and the northern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. ORDER BATOIDEI 17. Family Pristidae-Sawfishes Pristis pectinatus Latham--Common sawfish. Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from New York and Bermuda to middle Brazil and the northern part of the Gulf of Mexico. Euryhaline. Pristis perotteti Muller and Henle-Southern sawfish. Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from Salerno, Florida to Santos, Brazil, and to the northern Gulf of Mexico. Euryhaline. 18. Family Rhinobatidae-Guitarfishes Rhinobatos lentiginosus (Carman)-Spotted guitarfish. North, Carolina to Florida and the northwestern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. 19. Family Torpedinidae-Electric rays Torpedo nobili,ma Bonaparte-Electric ray. Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from Nova Scotia to the Florida Keys. Shore. Narcine brasiliemis (Olfers)-Lesser electric ray. North Carolina to southern Brazil and the northern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Benthobatis mnroida Bean and Weed-Deepsea electric ray. South Carolina to the north coast of Cuba. Benthic. 20. Family Rajidae-Skates Raia acklevi Carman-Ackley's skate. Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from southern Florida to the Yutatdn Bank. Shgre. Raia eglanteria Bosc-Brier skate. Massachusetts Bay to Florida and the north- eastern part of the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Raia garment Whitley-Rosette skate. Southern New England to the Florida ' Keys. Shore. 1958 BRIGGS: FLORIDA FISHES 251 Raid lentiginosa Bigelow and Schroeder. Northern and southwestern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Raia olseni Bigelow and Schroeddr. North-ern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Raia teevani Bigelow and Schroeder. Northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Benthic. Rata texana Chandler-Texas skate. Throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Bret*raia plutonia (Garman). N6rthern North Carolina to the Florida Keys. Benthic. Breviraia sinuamexicana Bigelow and Schroeder. Northeastern ·to northcentral Gulf of Mexico. Benthic. Breviraia spinosa Bigelow and Schroeder. Delaware Bay to the Fl6fida Straith. /Benthic. Cfuriraia poet,i Bigelow and Schroeder. St. Augustine, Florida, to the coasts Of Cuba. Benthic. Springeria folirostris Bigelow and Schroeder. Northern and eastern Gulf of Mexico. Benthic. 21. Family Dasyatidii-e-Sting rays, Dasuatis americana Hildebrand and Schroeder. New Jersey to Rio de Janeiro and the northern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Dust/otis centroufa (Mitchill). Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from southern New England to the northern part of the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Dasvatis sabina (Lesueur). Chesapeake Bay to Florida and the northern part of the Gulf of Mexico. Marine shore, occasionally in freshwater. Dasgatis sat,i (Lesueur). Southern Massachusetts to southern Brazil and the northern part of the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. 22. Family Gymnuridae-Butterfly rays Ggmnura altavela (Linnaeus)-Butterfly ray. Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from southern Massachusetts to the Rio de la Plata. Shore. Gymnura micrura (Bloch and Schneider)-Lesser butterfly ray. Both sides .of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from southern New England to Rio cle Janeiro and the northern part of the Gulf of Mexic6. Shore. 28. Family Urolophidae Urolophus iamaicensis (Cuvier). North Carolina to Trinidad and the southern part of the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. 24. Family Myliobatidae-Eagle rays Mytiobatis freminuitti Lesueur-Eagle ray. Cape Cod to Rio de Janeiro and the northern part of the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Myliobatis goodei Carman. South Carolina to Uruguay. Shore. Aetobatia narinari Euphrasen-Spotted duckbill Yay. Worldwide in tropical and temperate waters; in the western Atlantic from Chesapeake Bay and Bermuda to Santos, Brazil, and the northern part of the Gulf of' Mexico. Shore. 25. Family Rhinopteridae-Cownose rays Rhinoptera bbnasus (Mitchill)-Cownose ray. Cape Cod to Rio de Janeiro and the northern part of the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. 26. Family Mobulidae-Devil rays - Mobula h!/Postoma (Bancroft)-Lesser devil ray. Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from North Carolina to Santos, Brazil. Pelagic. 252 BULLETIN FLORIDA STATE MUSEUM Vol. 2 Manta birostris (Walbaum)-Giant devil ray. Worldwide in tropical waters; in the western Atlantic from southern New England and Bermuda to Rio de Janeiro and the northern part of the Gulf of Mexico, Pelagic. ORDER CHIMAERAE 27. Family Chimaeridae-Chimaeras Hydrolagus alberti Bigelow and Schroeder-Chimaera. Northern Gulf of Mexico. Bathypelagic. ORDER CHONDROSTET i 1 28. Family Acipenseridae-Sturgeons Acipenser oxyrhunchus oxyrAt/nchus Mitchill-Northern sea sturgeon. Labrador to Jacksonville, Florida. Euryhaline. Acipenser oxyrhunchus desotoi Vladykov-Southern sea sturgeon. Northern Gulf of Mexico and west coast of Florida to French Guiana. Euryhaline. ORDER GINGLYMODI 29. Family Lepisosteidae-«Car- pikes Lepigosteus productils Cope-Northern spotted gar. Mississippi Valley and Gulf coast including the Florida panhandle. Freshwater. Lepisosteus platgrhincus DeKayl-Florida spotted gar. Southern Georgia and throughout Florida. Freshwater. Lepisostgus osseus (Linnaeus)-Longnose gar: Lowlands from Maryland through- out Florida, west to Louisiana and Mississippi, and north into the Great Lakes. Euryhaline. Lepisosteus spatula Lacdphde-Alligator gar. Streams entering the Gulf of Mexico eastward to the Choctawhatchee River, Florida. Euryhaline. ORDER PROTOSPONDYLI 80. Family Amiidae-Bowfins Amia. calua Linnaeus-Bowfin. United States east of. the Great Plains and through6ut Florida. Freshwater. ORDER ISOSPONDYLI 31. Family Elopidae-Tenpounders Elops saurus Linnaeus-Tenpounder. Atlantic, Indian, and western Pacific Oceans; ,in the western Atlantic from Bermuda and Southern New England to Rio de Janeiro and throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Euryhalinp. 82. Family Megalopidae-Tarpons Megalops atanticus (Valenciennes)-Tarpon. Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from the Gulf of Maine and Bermuda to northern Brazil and throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Euryhaline. - 88. Family Albulidae-Ladyfishes Albula vulpes (Linnaeus)-Bonefish. Worldwide in tropical seas; in the western Atlantic from New York and Bermuda to Rio de Janeiro and throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. 1958 BRIGGS: FLORIDA FISHES 258 84. Family Clupeidae-Herrings Alosa sapidissi,na (Wilson)-American shad. Southedstern coast of Newfound- land to the St. Johns River, Florida. Euryhaline. Alosa alabamae Jordan and Evermann-Alabama shad. Gulf of Mexico coast including western Florida. Euryhaline. , 'Alosa pseuddharengus (Wilson)-Alewife. Northern Newfoundland to the At- lantic coast of Florida. Euryhaline. Alosa aestivalis (Mitchill)-Glut herring. N6va Scotia to northern Florida. Euryhaline. Atosa chrysochloris (Rafinesque)-Skipjack herring. Gulf of Mexico coast includ- ing western Florida and northward to the Great Lakes. Euryhaline. Alosa medidcris (Mitchill)-Hickory shad, Bay of Fundy to the Florida east coast. Euryhaline. Breuoortia guntefi Hildebrand-Menhaden. Gulf coast from Cedar Key, Florida, to the Gulf of Campeche. Euryhaline. Brevoortia tyrannus (Latrobe)-Menhaden. Both sides of the Atlaqtic; in the western Atlantic from Nova Scotia to Indian River City, Florida. Euryhaline. Brevoortia patronus Goode--Large scale Gulf menhaden. From Tampa through- out the northern Gulf of Mexico. Furyhaline. Brevoortia smithi Hildebrand-Bug fish. North Carolina to Indian River City, Florida. Euryhaline. Dorosoma petenense (Gunther)-Threadfin shad. Gulf coast of Florida, west and - south. to British Honduras. Euryhaline. Dorosoma lacepedi (Lesueur)-Gizzard shad., Cape .Cod to·Florida and through- out the Gulf of Mexico. Euryhaline.. Opisthone,na oglinum (Lesueur)-Thread herting. Gulf of Maine- and Bermuda to Rio de Janeiro and the northern part of the- Gulf of Mexico, Shore. Etrumeus sadina (Mitchill)-Round herring. Bay of Fundy to Florida and the northern part of the. Gulf of Mexico, Shore. Harengula humeratis (Cuvier)-Sardina. Bermuda and the Florida Keys to Natal, Brazil, and west to Yucatan. Shore. Harengula clupeola (Cuvier)-Sprat. Florida Keys to Rio de Janeiro and the northern part of the Gulf.,of Mexico. Shore. Harengula pensacolae pensacolue Goode and Bean-Scaled sirdine. Cape Ca- - naveral, Florida, to Yucatdn .and the northern part of the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Harengula pensacolae floridana Rivas. Confined to the Florida Keys from Old Rhodes Key to Key West. Shore. Jenkinsia.kimprotagnia (Gosse)-Key sardine. Bermuda ·and, the Florida Keys to Venezuela. Shore. Sardinella anchouia Valenciennes-Spanish sardine. New Jersey and Bermuda to Rio de Janeiro and widespread in the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Sardinella brasiliensis Steindachner. Florida Keys to Rio de Janeiro. Shore. 85. Family Engraulidae-Anchovies Anchoa cat/orum (Fowler). Florida Keys to Honduras and the West indies. Shore. Anchoa hepsetus hepsetus (Linnaeus)-Striped anchovy. Both sides 6f the At- lantic; in the western Atlantic from Nova Scotia to Montevideo"and the northern part 6f the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. t « 254 BULLETIN FLORIDA STATE MUSEUM Vol. 2 Andi-oa hepsetus colonensis Hildebrand. Florida, along the northern Gulf of Mexico south to Panama, and the West Indies. Euryhaline. Anchoa lamprotaenia Hildebrand. Southern Florida to Panama, the West Indies, and the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Anchoa luolepis (Evermann and Marsh). North Carolina to tbe Gulf of Venezuela and the northern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Anchoa et,bana (Poey) Melbourne Beach, Florida, to Guatemala ahd the West Indies, aIso through the northern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Anchoa mitchilli diaphand Hildebrand-Bay anchovy. South Carolina to Yricatkn and through the northern Gulf Of Mexico. Euryhaline. Anchouiella perfasciata (Poey). New York to Hispaniola and the northern Gulf of Mexi66 coast. Shore. 86. Family Alepocephalidae-Slickheads Alepocephalus productus Gill. Both sides of. the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from. off New Jersey to the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Benthic. Conocara murral/i (Koefoed). Both sides 6f the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Benthic. Conocard macdonatdi Goode and Bean, Off Pensacola, Florida, to the vicinity of Tortugas. Benthic. Talismania antillamm Goode and Bean. Off Pensacola, Florida. Bathypelagic Leptoderma macrops Vaillan't. Both sides of the Atlantic and p'erhaps to the Indian Ocean; in the western Atlantic from the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Benthic. Xenodennichthvs copei (Gill). Both sides of the ,Atlantic; in the western At- lantic from off the Virginia coast to Tortugas, and off Pen-sacola in the Gulf of Mexjco. Bathypelagic. 87. Family Argentinidae-Deepsea smelts Argentina striata Goode and Bean. Off Pensacola to Espirito Santo, Brazil and westward throughout. the Gulf of Mexico. Bathypelagic. Batht/lagus benedicti Goode and Bean. Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from New York to Argentina. Bathypelagic. Bath{/lagus sp. (not yet· described). Off Pensacola, Florida. Bathypelagic. 88. Family Astronesthidae Borostomias braueri Regan. Atlantic and Indian Oceans; in, the wastern Atlantic from the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. BathypeJagic. 89. Family Stomiatidae-Scaly dragonfishes Stomias a#inis Gunther. W6rldwide in distribution; in the western Atlantic from off New Jersey to French Guiana and in the southern Gulf of Mexico. Bathypelagic. 40. Family Melanostomiatida,-Scaleless dragonflies Echiostoma tanneri Gill: Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from , Bermuda and off New Jersey to the Caribbean and the southern Gulf of Mexico. Bathypelagic. Echiostoma. barbatum Lowe. Both sides of the Atlantic; in the.western Atlantic off Gloucester, Massachusetts fo the vicinity of Tortuga5. Bathypelagic, 1958 BRIGGS: FLORIDA FISHES 255 Eustomias fissibarbis Pappenheim. Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from Berrnuda to the Caribbean and 'the southern Gulf of Mexico. Bathypelagic. Eustomias bigelowi Welsh. Both sides 6f the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from Bermuda and off Cape Hatteras to the Florida Straits. Bathypelagic. Eustomias leptobolus Regan and Trewavas'. Straft between Florida and Cuba. Bathypelagic. Eustomias brevibarbatus Parr. Strait between_Florida and Cuba to the Lesser Antilles. Bathypelagic. Pachystomias atlanticus Regan and Trewavas. Nova Scotia and Bermuda to the Caribbean. Bathypelagic. Leptostomias ramosus Regan and Trewavas. North Atlantic and the north- eastern Gulf of Mexico. Bathypelagic. Bathophilus longipinnis (Pappenheim). Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from Bermuda to the Florida Straits and off the Leeward Islands. Bathypelagic. Bathophilus 'chironema Regan and Trewavas. Both sides of th6 Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from near Bermuda to the Florida Straits. Bathypelagic. Bathophilus longipes Regan and Trewavas. Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from the southern Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean. Bathypelagic. Bathophilus nigemnius Giglioli. Both sides of Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from the southern Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean. Bathypelagic. Photonectes margarita (Goode and Bean). Worldwide in tropical waters; in the western Atlantic from Bermuda to .northern Brazil and the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Bathypelagic. 41. Family Idiacanthidae-Blackdragons Idiacanthus fasciold Peters-Blackdragon. Worldwide in-tropical waters; in the western Atlantic from New Jersey to the southern Gulf of Mexico. Bathy- pelagic. 42. Family Malacosteidae-Loosejaw5 Aristostomias poll/dactylus Regan and Trawavas. Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from the .southern part of the 'Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean. Bathypelagic. Aristbstomias grimaldi Zugmayer. Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from near Bermuda to French Guiana and the Florida Straits. Bathypelagic. Afistostomias tittmanni Welsh. Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from near Bermuda to the southern Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean. Bathypelagie. Aristostomias xenostoma Regan and Trewavas. Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from the Florida Straits and the Caribbean. Bathypelagic. Photostomias guernei Collet. Widespread on both sides of the Atlantic; in ihe southern Gulf of Mexico and the West Indies. Bathypelagic. 48. Family Chauliodontidae-Viperfshes Chautiodus sloani sloani Bloch and Schneider-Viperfsh. Atlantic, Indian, and western Pacific Oceans; in the western Atladic from New England to Erench Guiana and widespread in the Gulf of Mexico. Bathypelagic. 256 BULLETIN FLORIDA STATE MUSEUM ' Vol. 2 Chauaodus danae Regan and Trewavas. Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from off Notth Carolina to the Lesser Antilles and in the Florida Straits. Bathypelagic. 44. Family Sternoptychidae-Lightfishes Bonapartia pedahota Goode and Bean. Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from off Miami. Bathypelagic. Cyclothone microdon (Gunther)-Small tooth bristlemouth. Worldwide in dis« tribution; in the western Atlantic from New Jersey and Bermuda to Tortu*as , and the eastern Gulf of Mexico. Bathypelagic. Conostoma denudatum Rafinesque. Both sides of the Atlantic including the Gulf of Mexico. Bathypelagic. Conostoma elongatum. (Gunther), Atlantic, Indian, and western Pacific Oceans; . widespread in the western Atlantic and the eastern and northcentral Gulf of Mexico. Bathypelagic. Polvipnus spinosus Gunther. Atlantic, Indian, and western Pacific Oceans; in the western Atlantic from the northeastern part of the Gulf of Mexico, Bathypelagic. Polvipnus asteroides Schultz. Throughout the Gulf of Mexico south to the vicinity of Puerto Rico, Bathypelagic. Sternoptux diaphana Hermann. Worldwide in distribution; in the western At- lantic from New England to the West Indies and throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Bathypelagic. Argyropelecus hemigymnus Cocco. Atlantic, Indian, and western Pacific Oceans; in the western Atlantic from New Jersey and Bermuda to Argentina. Bathy- pelagic Argyropelecus amabilis (Ogilby). Atlantic and western Pacific Oceans; in the western Atlantic from southern New England to the Lesser Antilles and the eastern part of the Gulf of Mexico. Bathypelagic. Argyropetecus ajlinis Carman. Worldwide in distribution; in the western Atlantic from the northeastern part of the Gulf of Mexico to the West Indies. Bathy- pelagic. Argyropelecus aculeatus' Valenciennes, Atlantic, Indian, and western Pacific Oceans; in the western Atlantic from Newfoundland to the West Indies and the Gulf of Mexico. Bathypelagic. Afgyropelecus gigas Norman. Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from the n6rtheastern Gulf of Mexico, Bathvpelagic. Yarr€Ha blackfordi Goode and Bean. Both sides Of the Atlailtic; in the western Atlantic throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Bathypelagic. Yarrella corythaeola Alcock. Atlantic, Indian, and western Eacific Oceans; in - the western Atlantic from the north'eastern and southwestern Gulf of Mexico. Bathypelagic. Valenciennellus tripunctulatus (Esmark). Worldwide in distribution; in the western Atlantic from Bermuda to the Lesser Antilles and to the northeastern part of the Gulf of Mexico. Bathypelagic. Maurolicus muelleri (Gmelin). Worldwide in distribution; in the .western Atlantic from the, Gulf of Maine-to Argentina (52'53' S.) and the northeastern part of the Gulf of Mexico. Bathypelagic. 1958 BRIGGS: FLORIDA FISHES ' 257 45. Family Umbridae+Mud minnows Umbra pygmaea (DeKay)-Eastern mudminnow. Long Island to northeastern Florida. Freshwater: 46. Family Esocidae-Pikes Esox americanus Gmelin-Redfin pickerel. St. Lawrence River to Lake Okee- chobee, Florida. Freshwater. Esox .Rider Lesueur-Chain pickerel. New Hampshire to the southern tip of Florida and throughthe Mississippi Valley to Texas. Freshwater. ORDER INIOMI - 47. Family Aulopidae-Threadsails Aulopus filamentostis (Bloch)-Threadsail. Both sides of the Atlantic and the eastern Pacific; in the western Atlantic from the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Pelagic. 48. Family Chloropthalmidae Chloropthalmus agassizi Bonaparte. Atlantic, Indian,.and western Pacific Oceans; in the western Atlantic from 6fF New Jersey to the Gulf of Mexico, where it is widespread. Bathypelagic. Chloropthalmus truculentus Goode ind. Bean. Throughout the Gulf of Mexico to the vicinity of Barbados. Bathypelagic. Chloropthalmus. chalt/beius (Goode). Off .Rhode Island to the vicinity of Tor- tugas, Florida and the northern Gulf of Mexico. Bathypelagic. 49. Family Synodontidae-Lizardfishes Saurida ibrasiliensis_ Norman. Northern Gulf of Mexico to Cabo Frio, Brazil. Shore. Saurida normani Longley. Widespread in the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Synodus fbetens (Linneaus)-Lizardfish. Cape Cod and Bermuda to Santa ' Catarina, Brazil, and throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. St,nodus intetmedius (Aiassiz)-Sand diver. ' Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from Bermuda and North Carolina to Bahia, Brazil, and 'widespread in the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Synodus poeut Jordan. Throughout the Gulf of Mexico to Colombia. Shore: Synodus synodus (Linnaeus). Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from Tortugas, Florida to Bahia, Brazil and the southwestern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Trachinocephalus myops (Forster)-Snakefish. Atlantic, Indian, and western Pacific Oceans; in the western Atlantic from southern New England and Bermuda to Rio de Janeiro and throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Shore.. 50.,Family Ipnopidae Ipnops murra!/i Gunther., Atlantic and western Pacific Oceans; in the western Atlantic from the northeastern Gulf of Mexic6 to northern Brazil. Benthic. 51. Family Bathypteroidae-Stiltfishes Bathypterois viridensis (Roule). Both sides of, the Atlantic; in the ' western At- lantic from the northcentral Gulf of Mexico to the vicinity of Tortugas, Florida. Benthic. 258 BULLETIN FLORIDA STATE MUSEUM Vol. 2 Bathypterois Zongipes Gunther. Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western At- lantic from off New Jersey to Uruguay and the Gulf of Mexico. Benthic. Bath!/Pterois phenae Parr. Off the Bahamas t6 the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Benthic. Benthosaurus grallator Goode and Bean. Both sides of the Atlantic; in-the western Atlantic from off New Jersey to the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Benthic. 52. Family Myctophida,-Lanternfishes Neoscopelus macrolepidotus Johnson. Worldwide in distribution; in the western Atlantic from the northern Gulf of Mexico to Martinique. Bathypelagic. Hygophum macrochir (Gunther). North Atlantic to th6 western Gulf of Mexico. Bathypelagic. Hygophum hygomi (Lutken). Atlantic and Indian Oceans; in the western At- lantic from off New England to the northern Gulf of Mexico. Bathypelagic. Hygophum betioiti (Cocco). Atlantic and Indian Oceans; in the western Atlantic from New Jersey to the, northeastern and central Gulf of Mexico. Bathypelagic. Diogenichthus hternatus (Carman), Worldwide in tropical waters; in the western Atlantic from New Jersey and Bermuda to Uruguay. Bathypelagic. Diogenichthys atlanticus (Thning). Worldwide in distribution; in the western Atlantic from the Florida Straits. Bathypelagic. Conichth!/s coccoi (Cocco). Worldwide in distribution; in the western Atlantic from Newfoundland and Bermuda to southern Brazil and the western Gulf of Mexico. Bathypelagic. Cent,obranchus' nigroocellatits (Gunther). Worldwide in distribution; in the western Atlantic from North Carolina to Florida and the western Gulf of Mexico. Bathypelagic. Myctophum a#ing (Lutken). Worldwide in distribution; in the western Atlantic from the Gulf of Maine t6 Rio de Janeiro and throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Bathypelagic. Muctophum asperum Richardson. Atlantic and western Pacific, in the western Atlantic from the western Gulf of Mexico. Bathypelagic. Myctophum obtusirostris Taning: North Atlantic to the western Gulf of Mexico. Bathypelagic. Myctophum ru/inum Thing. North Atlantic to the northeentral and western - Gulf of Mexico. Bathypelagic. Nototilchnus valdiviae Brauer. W6rldwide in tropical waters; in the western Atlantic from New Jersey and Bermuda to off southern Brazil. Bathypelagic, Diaphus gemellari (Cocco). Worldwide in tropical waters; in the western At- lantic from New Jersey and Bermuda to the Greater Antilles, Bathypelagic. Diaphus rajinesquet (Cocco). Worldwide in distribution; in the western Atlantic from New Jersey and Bermuda & off northern Argentina. Bathypelagic. Diaphus dumeri4 (B-leeker). Worldwide in distribution; in the western Atlantic from New Jersey to Colombia.and the northern Gulf of Mexico. Bathypelagic. Diaphus intermedius Borodin. North Atlantic to the northern Gulf of Mexico. Bathypelagic. Lampangctus guentheri Goode and Bean. Atlantic, Indian, arid we*tern Pacific Oceans; in the western Atlantic from Newfoundland to the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Bathypelagic. Lampan!/ctus macdonaldi (Goode and Bean). Both c6asts of America; in the' western Atlantic from New Jersey to northeastern Florida, Bathypelagic. 1958 . BRIGGS: FLORIDA FISHES 259 Lampanyctus ater Taning. North Atlantic to the northeastern Gulf. of Mexico. 2 Bathypelagic. Lampanuctus alatus Goode and Bean. Atlantic to the northeastern Gulf 6f M6xico. Bathypelagic. Lampan!/ctus supralateralis Parr. Bahamas to the northwestern Gulf of Mexico. Bathypelagic. Notoscopelus elongatus (Costa). Worldwide in distribution; in the western At- lantic from Massachusetts and Bermuda to northern Brazil. Bathypelagic. 58. Family Alepisauridae-Lancetfishes Alepisaurus ferox Lowe-Lancetfish. Both'sides of the Atlantic and the North Pacific; in the western Atlantic from Nova Scotia to Cuba and widespread in the Gulf of Mexico. Pelagic. 54. Family Paralepidae Paralepis breDis brevis Zugmayer. Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from off North Carolina to the Lesser Antilles and the northeastein Gulf gf Mexico. Bathypelagic. Lestidium intermedium (Poey). Atlantic, Indian, and western Pacific· Oceans; in the western Atlantic from off North Carolina to northern Brazil and the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Bathypelagic. Lestidium alline (Ege). Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from off New Jersey to northern Brazil and the southern Gulf of Mexico. Bathy- pelagic. Lestidium atlanticum Borodin. Atlantic, Indian, · and western Pacific Oceans; in the western Atlantic from off North Carolina to central Brazil and the southdrn Gulf of. Mexico. Bathypelhgic. ORDER CETUNCULI 55. Family Cetomimidae-Whale fishes Gyrinomimus simplex Parr. Bermuda to the northwestern Gulf of Mexico. Bathypelagic. ORD~R ATELEOPODES 56. Family Ateleopidae Iiimaia loppei Roule. Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from , the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Pelagic. ORDER LYOMERI 57. Family Eurypharyngidae-Gulpers Euryphart/nx pelecanoides Vaillant-Gulper. Worldwide in tropical and tem- perate waters; widespread in the North Atlantic, south to the Lesser Antilles on the western side. Bathypelagic. ORDER OSTARIOPHYSI 58, Family Ariidae-Sea catfishes Gateichthys Mis (Linnaeus)-Sea catfish. Cape Cod to Panama and throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Euryhaline. Bagre marinus (Mitchill)-Gafftopsail catfish. Cape Cod to the West Indies and throughout the Gulf of Niexico. Euryhaline. 260 BULLETIN FLORIDA STATE MUSEUM Vol. 2 59. Family Ictaluridae-North American catfishes Ictalufus punctatus (Rafinesque)-Channel cat. Streams of the Great Lakes region south to Lake Okeechobee, Florida and tributaries of the Gulf · of Mexico. Freshwater. Ictalurus .catus (Linnaeus)-White catfish. Streams from Massachusetts south to Lake Okeechobee, Florida and tributaries of the Gulf of Mexico. Fresh- water. Ictaturus nebulosus (Lesueur)-Brown bullhead. Southern Canada through the eastern United States to southern Florida. Freshwater. Ictalurus pkitycephaZus (Girard)-Snail cat. North Carolina to central Florida and west to the Chattahoothee River basin. Freshwater. Ictaturus natalis (Lesueur)-Yellow cat., Widespread in the eastern United States and throughout Florida. Freshwater. Noturus funebtia Gilbert and Swain-Longfn madtom. Florida panhandle and west along the Gulf coast. Freshwater. Noturus teptacanthus Jordan-Gulf madtom. Streams of the sbutheistern United States to Lake County, Florida. Fr&shwater. Noturus gyrinus Mitchill-Tadpole madtom. Widespread in the eastern United States south to Lake Okeechobee, Florida. Freshwater. 60. Family Catostomidae-Suckers Carpiodes cyprinus subsp.-River quillback. Lake Erie through the Mississippi Valley to western Florida. Freshwater. Carpiodes velifer (Rafinesque)-Highfin carpsucker. Escambia River, Florida, through the Mississippi Valley. Freshwater. Moxostoma poecilurunt Jordan.L_Blacktail redhorse. Western Florida from the Choctawhatcheo River along the GuH coast to Texas. Freshwater. Mingtrema melanops (Rafinesque)-Spotted 'sucker, Maryland to northern Flor- idp to the upper Mississippi Valley and west to Texas. Freshwater. Erimuzon sucetta (Lacdpade)-Eastern chubsucker, New York to the southern tip of Florida. Freshwater. Erim!/zon oblongus claviformis (Girard)-Creek chubsucker, Western Florida to Louisiana. Freshwater. Erimt/zon tenuis (Agassiz)-Alabama chubsucker. Western Florida to Louisiana, Freshwater. 61. Family Cyprinidae-Minnows CyDrinus carpio Linnaeus-Carp. Native to' Asia, but widely introduced in North America. Found in western Florida. Freshwater. Notemigonus crysoleucas (Mitchill)-Golden shiner. Eastern Canada through the eastern Unit6d States to southern Florida. Freshwater. Semotilus at,omacukitus (Mitchill)-Creek chub. Eastern Canada and United States to northern Florida and New Mexico. Freshwater. Opsopoeodus emiliae Hay-Pugnose minnow. Great Lakes and Mississippi Val- ley to houthern Florida. Freshwate~. HI/bopsis amblops (Rafinesque)-Bigeye chub. Choctawhatchee Riverin western Florida to the Mississippi Valley. Freshwater. Hybopsis hafpen harpen (Fowler)-Spring redeye chub. Eastern Alabama and northern Florida south to Lake County, Fldlida. Freshwater. 1 1958 BRIGGS: FLORIDA FISHES 261 Hybopsis harperi subterranea Hubbs and Crowe-Cave redeye chub. Alachua County, Florida. Freshwater. Notropis roseipinnis Hay-Rosefin shiner. Gulf coast from western Florida to , Louisiana. Freshwater. Notropis hypselopterus (Gunther)-Sailfish shiner. Georgia · to Hillsborough County, Florida, and to Alabama. Freshwater. Notropis signipinnis Bailey and Suttkus-Flagfin shiner. Chipola River in western Florida along the Gulf coast to Louisiana. Freshwater. Notropis roseus (Jordan)-Weed shindr. Western Florida along the Gulf coast to Texas and widespread in the Mississippi Valley. Freshwater. Notropis petersoni Fowler-Peterson's shiner. North Carolina to Martin County, Florida. Freshwater. Notropis chalybaeus,(Cope)-Iron-colored shiner. New York to Brevard County, ' Florida, west to Texas, and widespread in the Mississippi Valley. Freshwater. Notropis cummingsae cummingsae Myers-Lowland shiner. North Carolina to Marion County, Florida, and west to the Apalachicola River, Florida. Fresh- water. Notrbpis venustus (Girard)-Blacktail shiner. Western Florida to Texas, and widespread iri the Mississippi Valley. Freshwater. Notropis Zongirostris (Hay)-Eastern longnose shiner. Western Florida to Mis- sissippi. . Freshwater. Notropis macutatus (Hay)-Red minnow. North Carolina to southern Florida' and west to Texas. Freshwater. Notropis callitaenia Bailey and Gibbs-Bluestripe shiner. Gulf drainage streams in Georgia, Alabama, and western Florida. Freshwater. Ericymba buccata Cope-Silver jaw minnow. Upper -Mississippi Valley and Potomac River inland to northern Floriaa. Freshwater. HI/bognathus hayi Jordan-Cypress minnow., Lower Mississippi Valley to west- ern Florida. Freshwater. ORDER APODES 62. Family Anguillidae-True eels Anguilla rostrata (Lesueur)-American eel. Greenland, Labrador, and Bermuda to the Guianas and throughout tha Gulf of Mexico. Euryhaline. 63. Family Serrivomeridae Serriuomer beani Gill and Ryder-Sawtooth eel. Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from New York to northern Brazil and the Southern Gulf of Mexico. Bathypelagic. 64.' Family Nemichthidae-Snipe eels Avocettina infans (Gunther)-Snipe eel. Atlantic, Indian, and western Pacific Oceans; in the western Atlantic from off New Jersey to northern Brazil. Bathypelagic. . Auocettinops schmidti Roule and Bertin. Atlantic and Indian Oceans; in the western Atlantic from New York and from off the north coast of Cuba. Bathypelagic. 65. Family Synaphobranchidae Synaphobranchus kaupi Johnson. Atlantic, Indian, and western Pacific Oceaus; in the western Atlantic from Newfoundland to Bahia, Brazil and the northern Gulf of Mexico. Benthic. 262 BULLETIN FLORIDA STATE MUSEUM Vol. 2 Synaphobranchus infernatis Gill. Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from New Jersey to Puerto Rico and the southern Gulf of Mexico. Benthic. 66. Family Nettastomidae Venefica procera (Goode and Bean). Atlantic and western Pacific Oceans; in the western Atlantic from South Carolina to the Lesser Ahtilles and the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Benthic. 67. Family Congridae-Conger eels ' Conger oceanicus (Mitchjll)-Sea eel. Gulf of Maine to Brazil and the north- central Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Conger caudilimbatus (Poey). Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from the Bahamas and the northeastern Gulf of Mexico to Cuba. Shore, Congermumena impressa (Poey). Cape Hatteras to Cuba and the northern Culf of Mexico. Shore. Congfina jlat>a (Goode and Bean). Florida to Trinidad and throughout the Gulf of Mexico. ' Shore. Congrina gracilior Ginsburg. Northern Gulf of Mexico south to Cuba and Yucatkn. Shore. Congrina macrosoma Ginsburg. Gulf of Mexico from off Florida to Louisiana · and the Gulf of Campeche. .Shore. Congrina dubius (Breder). Northern Gulf of Mexico to British Honduras. Benthic. Hot)lunnis macrurus Ginsburg. Northern to southwestern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Hoplunnis tenuis Ginsburg, Northern Gulf of Mexico to Cuba. Benthic. Hoplunnis diomedianus Goode and Bean. Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from off Calbe San Bias, Florida. Benthic. proniultantor schmitti Hildebrand. Florida Keys and the ngrthwestern Gulf of Mexico. Benthic. Coloconger raniceps Alcock. Atlantic, Indian, and western Pacific Oceans; in the wdstern Atlantic from off Tortugas, Florida. Benthic. 68. Family Dysomminidae Dysommina Tugosa Ginsburg. Georgia to Tortugas , Florida. Benthic . 69. Family Muraenidae-Moray eels Gumnothorax funebris .Ranzani-Green moray. New Jersey and Bermuda to Rio de Janeiro and the southwestern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Gymnothorax moringa (Cuvier)-Spotted moray. Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from Bermuda and North Carolina to Rio de Janeiro and the northern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Cymnothorax saxicola Jordan and Davis. New Jersey and ·Bermuda to Cuba and throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Gumnothorax nigromarginatus (Girard). No~hern Florida westward through the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Cymnothorax vicinus (Castelnau)-Purplemouth moray. Both sides- of the At- lantic; in the western Atlantic from Bermuda and Tortugas, Florida, to Bahia, Brazil. Shore. Mwaena retifem Goode and Bean-Reticulated moray. Southern New England to the northern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. 1958 BRIGGS: FLORIDA FISHES 268 Echidna catenata (Bloch)-Little banded eel. Bermuda and the Florida Keys to Brazil. Shore. 70. Family Ophichthidae Myrophis punctatus Lutken-Speckled worm eel, Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from Bermuda and North Carolina to Rio Goyanna, Brazil and the northern Gulf of Mexico. Euryhaline. - Ahlia egmontis (Jordan)-Worm eel. Vicinity of the Florida Keys to Macei6, Brazil and the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Caecula conklini (Eigenmann) Southeast Flbrida' to the Bahamas. Shore. Murichthvs acuminatus (Gronow)-Sharptail eel. · Florida Keys to .the Lesser Antilles. Shore. Verma kendam Gilbert-Kendall's eel Miami to Key West, Florida. Shore. Mvstriophis intertinctus (Richardson)-Spoonnose snake eel. North Carolina to Bahia, Brazil and the northeastern Gulf of Mexico, Shore. Mvstriophis mordax (Poey). Northern Gulf coast to the Florida Keys and Cuba. Shore. Ophichthus acellatus (Lesueur)-Spotted snake eel. North Carolina to Brazil and the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Ophichthus guttifer Bean and Dresel-Florida snake eel. Snapper Banks near Pensacola, Florida. Shore. Ophichthus retropinnis Eigenmann. 0 Snapper Banks near Pensacola, Florida. - Shore. Ophichthus goniesi (Castelnau)-Gomes' snake eel. Maisachusetts to Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, and the northern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Bascanichthgs teres (Goode and Bean). Across the northern Gulf of Mexico and to the Florida Keys and Cuba. Share. Bascanichthys scuticaris (Goode and Bean)-Whipsnake eeI. North Carolina . to Florida and across the northern Gulf of Mexico. Sh6re. Callechelys muraena Jordan and Evermann-Blotched snake eel. West coast of Florida from Pensacola to Marco. Shore. Callechelvs perryae Storey. Sanibel Island, Fiorida. Shore. . Letharchus vetifer Goode and Bean. North Carolina to the nothern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Gorditchthys irrktitus Jordan and Davis„ Snapper Banks near Pensacola, Florida, Shore. Gordiichthys springeri Ginsburg. Salerno, Florida. Shore. 71. Family Dysommidae Dusomma aphododera Ginsburg. Northern and southwestern Gulf of Mexico. , Shore. ORDER HETEROMI 72. Family Halosauridae - Halosaurus guentheri Goode and Bean. Off New Jer5ey to the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Benthic. Aldrouandia pattida Goode and Bean. Southern New England to Florida and the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Benthic. Aldrouandia gracilis Goode and Bean. Off Massachusetts to the Lesser Antilles and the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Benthic. 264 BULLETIN FLORIDA STATE MUSEUM Vol. 2 78. Family Notacanthidae Notacanthus analis Gill. New Jersey to the northern Gulf of Mexico. Benthic. ORDER SYNENTOGNA'THI 74. Family Belonidae-Needlefishes AbZennes hians hians (Valenciennes)-Flat needlefish Atlantic, Indian, and west- ern Pacific Oceans; in the western Atlantic from Massachusetts and Bermuda to Bahia, Brazil, and widespread in the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Strongylura acus (Lacdpdde)-Aguion. Both sides of the Atlantic, in the western Atlantic from Massachusdtts aild Bermuda to the West Indies, and wide- spread in the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Strong!/lura Zongle{,i Breder. Northern and eastern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Strong~ura marina (Walbaum)-Northern needlefish. Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from Maine to Florida and the northern Gulf of Mexic6. Euryhaline. Strong{,lura notata (Poey)-Southern needlefish. Bermuda, the Florida Keys, and throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Strongylitra raphidoma 2Ranzani)-Houndfish. Both sides of the Atlantic, in the western Atlantic from New York and Bermuda to Bahia, Brazil and the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Strongglura timucu (Walbaum)-Timucu. Northern Gulf of Mexico to Rio de Janeird. Euryhaline. 75. Family Scomberesocidae Scomberesox saurus (Walbaum). Atlantic, Indian, and western Pacific Oceans; in the western Atlantic frpm Newfoundland and Bermuda to Argentina (85'30' .S.). Pelagic. 76. Family Hemiramphidae-Halfbeaks Chriodorus atherinoides Goode and Bean-Hardhead. Gulf of Mexico from the Florida Keys to Yucatdn. Shore. R Euteptorhaniphus velox Poey-Flying halfbeak. Massachusetts and Bermuda to. Hispaniola,. and widespread in the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Hemiramphus balao Lesueur-Balao. South Carolina to Colombia, and wide- spread in the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Hemiramphus brasiliensis (Linnaeus)-Redtailed balao. Both sides of the At- lantic; in the western Atlantic from Massachusetts and Bermuda to Rio de Janeuo and throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Hyporhamphus unifasciatus (Ranzani)-Halfbeak. Eastern Pacific and both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from Maine and Bern*Kia to Argentina (85'80' S.), and widespread in the Gulf of Mexico. - Shore. 77. Family Exocoetidae-Flying' fishes Oxyporhamphus micropterus similis Bruun. Atlantic and eastern Pacific; in the western Atlantic from off northeastern Florida to Colombia, and widespread in the Gulf of Mexico. Pelagic. Parexocoetus brachypterus hillianus (Gosse). Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from New Jersey to Argentina (85'80' S.), and widespread in the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. 1958 BRIGGS: FLORIDA FISHES 265 Parexocoetus brachypterus littoralis Breder. New Jersey to the Lesser Antilles and the southern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Exocoetus volitans Linnaeus. Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from New Jersey and Bermuda to Argentina (85'30' S.), and the northeastern and northeentral Gulf of Mexico. Pelagic. Exocoetus. obtusirostris Gunther. Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western At- lantic from off Delaware and Bermuda to Rio de Janeiro and throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Pelagic. Cypselurus cyanopterus (Valenciennes). Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from South Carolina to Espirito Santo, Brazil, and widespread in the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. C!/pselurus exsitiens (Linnaeus). New Jersey and Bermuda to Ri6 de Janeiro, and widespread in the Gulf of Mexico. Pelagic. Cupselurus heterurus (Rafinesque)-Atlantic flying fish. Both sides ,of the At- lantic; in the western Atlantic from the Gulf of Maine and Bermuda to Rio d6 Janeiro and throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Cypse?urus comatus (Mitchill). S6utheastern Florida to northern Brazil. Shore. Cypselu;us furcatus (Mitchill)-Spotfin flying fish. Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from New Jersey and Bermuda to Cabo Frio, Brazil, and thr6ugh6ut the Gulf of Mexico. Pelagic , Progonichthvs gibbiffons (Valenciennes)-Blunthose fiying fish. Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from southern New England to Espirito Santo, Brazil, and throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Pelagic. Hirundichthys ailinis (Gunther)-Fourwing Rying fish. Both sides of the Atlantic;, in the we5tern Atlantic from Virginia to northern Brazil, and widespread in the Gulf of Mexico., Shore. Danichthys rondeleti (Valenciennes). Both 5ides Of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from 56uthern New England and Bermuda to Colombia and through- out the Gulf of Mexico. Pelagic. ORDER MICROCYPRINI 78. Family Cyprinodontidae-Killifishes Lucania parua (Baird and Girard)-Rainwater killifish. Massachusettk to the southern tip of Florida and west to Mexico. Euryhaline. Lucania goodei Jordan-Redfin killifish. Throughout the Florida peninsula. Freshwater. Leptolucania ommata (Jordan)-Ocellated killifish. Southeastern 'Alabama and southern Georgia to Osceola County, Florida. Freshwater. Adinia keniba (Jordan and Gilbert)-Diamond killifish. Western Florida along ' the Gulf coast to Texas. Freshwater. Fundulus heteroctitus (Linnaeus)-Mummichog. From Quebec to northeastern ·Florida and Bermuda. Euryhaline. Fundulus grandis Baird and Girard-Gulf killmsh. Northeastern Florida td the north coast of Cuba and west to Mexico. Euryhaline. Fundulus confluentus Goode and Bean-Marsh killifish: Maryland to Key West, Florida, and west to Alabama. Freshwater. , Fundulus maialis (Walbaum)-Striped killifish. New Hampshire to northeastern Florida. Euryhaline. 266 BULLETIN FLORIDA STATE MUSEUM Vol. 2 Fundulus similis (Baird and Girard)-Longnose killifsh. Northeastern Florida to Key West and west to Mexico. Euryhaline. Fundulus seminolis Girard-Seminole killifish. Northern and central F.lorida. Freshwater. Fundulus cingulatus Valenciennes-Banded topminnow. Southern Georgia to southern Florida and west to Alabama. Freshwater. Fundulus chrvsotus (Giinther)-Golden topminnow. South Carolina to southern Florida and west to Texas. Freshwater. Fundulus nom notti (Agassiz)-Southern starhead topminnow. Western Florida to Texas, and widespread in the Mississippi Valley. Freshwater. Fundulus notti lineolatus (Agassiz)-Eastern starhead topminnow. North Caro- lina to Highlands County, Florida. Freshwater. Fundulus fenkinsi (Evermann)-Saltmarsh topminnow. Western Florida along the Gulf coast to Texas. Euryhaline. Fundulus olit>aceus (Storer)-Blackspot topminnow. Mississippi Valley t9 the Choctawhatchee River in western Floridh, and to eastern Texas. Freshwater. Cuprinodon variegatus LacdpEde-Sheepshead killifish. Cape Cod to the south- ern tip of Florida and west along the Gulf coast to Mexico. Euryhaline. Cuprinodon hubbst Cm-Lake Eustis sheepshead killifish. Vicinity of Lake Eustis, Florida. Freshwater. Floridichthys carpio carpio (Gunther)-Florida goldspotted killifish. Both coasts of southern Florida. Euryhaline. Jorddnella #oridae Goode and Bean-Flagfish. Throughout Florida and ivest along the Gulf coast to Mexico. Euryhaline. Rivulus culind1aceus Poey Southern Florida to Cuba. Euryhaline. 79. Family Poeciliidae-Topminno,*s Gambusia a#inis ·holbrooki Girard-Eastern mosquitofish. New Jersey to the southern. tip of Florida. Euryhaline. Gambusia a#inis a#inis (Baird and Girard)-Western mosqi,itofish. Upper Mis- . sissippi Valley to western Florida and Texas. Euryhaline. Gambusia sp. (not yet named)-Mangrove mosquitofish. Extreme southern Flor- ida. Euryhaline. Heterandria formosa Agassiz-Least killifish. South Carolina. to the southern tip of Florida and west to Louisiana. Euryhaline. Mollienesia tatipinna Lesueur-Sailfin molly. South -Carolina to the southern tip 6f F.lorida and west along the Gulf coast to Mexico. Euryhaline, ' "- 4 - ORDER SALMOPERCAE 80. Family Aphredoderidae-Pirate perches Aphredoderus saganus (Gilliams)-Pirate perch. New York to the southern tip of Florida and west to Texas, also widespread in the Mississippi Valley. Freshwater. ORDER SOLENICHTHYES 81. Family Syngnathidae-Pipefishes Corgthoichthys albirostris Heckel-Whitenose pipefish. Pensacola, Florida, south to Bahia, Brazil. Shore. Coruthoichthys brachucephalus (Poey). Florida Keys to the Lesser Antilles. Shore. 1958 BRIGGS: FLORIDA FISHES 267 Hippocampus erectus erectus Perry-Spotted seahorse. Throughout the Gulf of Mexico, r to: Miami and south to Cuba. Shore. . Hippocampus ,erectus hudsonius DeKay-Northern seahorse. Nova Scotia to Argentina (48'80' S.) and the northern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Hippocampus: fosterae Joidan and Gilbert-Dwarf seahorse. Bermuda to Cuba and the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Hippocampus regulus Ginsburg. Northern to southwestern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Syngnathus springeri Herald-Springer's pipefish. South Carolina to Tortugas and the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Syngnathus duncken Metzelaar-Duncker's pipefish. Bermuda and North Caro- lina to the Lesse~ Antilles. Shbre. Syngnathus elucens Poey-Poey's pipefish. Bermuda and Key West to the Lesser Antilles. Shore. Syngnathus fuscus Storer-Northern pipefish. Bay of Fundy to. St. Augustine, Florida. Shore. Syngnathus scovelli (Evermann and Kendall)-Scovelrs pipelish. Northeastern Florida possibly to Panama and througliout the Gulf of Mexico. Euryhaline. Syngnathus Boridae #ofidae (Jordan and Gilbert)-Florida pipefish. Northern coaSt of the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Syngnathus jioridae mackavi (Swain and Meek)-McKay's pipefish. S6uthern Florida and the Keys. Shore. - Syngnathus Boridae subsp. Eastern Gulf of Mexico along the Florida mainland. Shore. Syngnathus kisianae Gunther-Louisiana pipefish. Virginia to Jamaica and throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Stmgnathus pelagicus Linnaeus-Sargassum pipefish, Atlantic, Indian, and west- ern Pacific Oceans; in the western Atlantic from the Gulf of Maine and Bermuda to Argentina (52' S.) and the western and n6rthcentral Gulf of Mexico. Pelagic. SYngnathus sp.-Hildebrafid's pipefish. Eastern Gulf of Mexico along the Florida coast. Shore. Micrognathus crinitus (Jenyns). Tortugas, Florida to Bahia, Brazil. Shore. Oostethus Zineatus (Valenciennes). Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from South Car6lina to Rio de Janeiro, and widespread in the Gulf of Mexico. Euryhaline. Micrognathus crinigerus (Bean and Dresel). Southern Florida to Albrolhos Reef, Brazil,ng#ilts (Goo-de and Bean).. Worldwide in distribution; in the we5tern Atlantic from the northern Gulf of Mexico. Benthic. Bathygadus favosus Goode and Bean. Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from the northeastern Gulf of Mexico to the Lesser Antilles. Benthic. Bathygadus vaillanti Route and Angelr Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from Tortugas, Florida to the northern Gulf of Mexico. Benthic. Bathygadus macrops Goode and Bean. Northern and eastern Gulf of Mexico'. Benthic. Hymenocephalus cavernosus (Goode and Bean). Throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Benthic. Maldcocephalus occidentatis Goode and Bean. Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from Tortugas, Florida to the northern Gulf of Mexico. Benthic. Steindachneria argentea Goode and Bean. Northern Gulf·of Mexico. Benthic. Ventrifossa atlantica Parr. Widespread in the Gulf of Mexico. - Benthic. Nezumia bairdi (Goode and Bean)-Common grenadier. Both sides of the At- lantic; in the western Atlantic from the Gulf of St. Lawrence to the West Indies and the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Benthic. Nezumia hildebrandi Parr, Northern Gulf of Mexico to Cuba. Benthic, Nematonurus armatus (Hector). Atlantic, Indian, and western Pacific Oceans; in the western Atlantic from Cape Cod to Uruguay. Behthic, Cariburus zaniophorus (Vaillant). Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from the northern Gulf of Mexico. Benthic. Cariburus mexicanus Parr. Northern Gulf of Mexico. Behthic. Chalinura simila Goode and Bean. Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from New York to northern Florida. Benthic. Chalinura murrayi (Gunther). Both sides of the Atlantic and the western Pacific; - in the western Atlantic from the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Benthic. Trachonums sulcatus (Goode and Bean). Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from the northeastern Gulf of Mexico to the Lesser Antilles. Benthic. , Coetorhgnchus caribbaeus (Goode and Bean). Throughout the Gulf of Mexico to the southern Caribbean. Benthic. Coetorhynchus carminatus (Goode). Nova Scotia to the Lesser Antilles and throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Benthic. Oxygadus occa (Goode and Bean). Northern Gulf of Mexico. Benthic. Squalogadus sp. (not yet named). Northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Bentbic. 1958 BRIGGS: FLORIDA FISHES 269 86. Family Moridae Melanonus unipennis Beebe. Bermuda to the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Benthic. Uraleptus maraidi (Ri5so). Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from tbe northern Gulf of Mexico to Tortugas and south to the Lesser Antilles. Benthic. Physiculus full>us Bean-Hakeling. New York to the nerthern Caribbean, and widespread in the Culf of Mexico. Benthic. Laemonema barbatulum Codde and Bean. Delaware to Tortugas, Florida, and the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Benthic. Laemonema metanurum Goode and Bean. New Jersey to the Lesser Antilles and the northeastern Gulf , of Mexico. Benthic. Laemonema yarretti Lowe. Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from the vicinity of Tortugas, Florida. Benthic. Antimora rostrata Gunther-Blue hike. Worldwide in tropic and temperate waters; in the western Atlantic from Newfoundland to Uruguay. Benthic. 87. Family Bregmacerotidae Bregmaceros attanticus 'Goode and Bean. New Jersey to the Lesser Antille5 and the northein Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Bregmaceros cagorum Nichols. F16rida Keys. Shore. 88. Family Gadidae-Codfishes Phycis chesteri Goode and Bean-Longfin hake. Newfoundland to Tortugas, Florida. Benthic. Urophyeis 'regius (Walbaum)-Spotted.hake, Southern New England to Florida and the northern and eastern Gulf Of Mexico. Shore. Uropht/cis cirratus Goode and Bean. Northern Gulf of Mexico to Tortugas, Florida. Benthic. " Urophycls floridanus ·(Bean and Dresel). North Carolina to Florida, and wide- spread in the northern and eastern. Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Meriuccius albidus (Mitchill). New York to Tortugas, Florida. Benthic. Merlucclus magnoculus Ginsburg. N6rthern Gulf of Mexico. Benthic. ORDER ALLOTRIOGNATHI 89. Family Lampridae--Opahs Lampris regius (Bonnaterre)-Opah. Worldwide in distribution; in the western Atlantic from Newfoundland to Florida and the eastern Gulf' of Mexico. Pelagic. 90. Family Stylephoridae St!/lephorus chordatus Shaw. Worldwide in distribution; in the western Atlantic from the northeastern Gulf of Mexico to the Lesser Antilles. .Pelagic. 91. Family Lophotidae-Crestfishes Lophotus capellei Temminck and Schlegel-Crestfish. Worldwide in distribution; in the western Atlantic from southern Florida to Rio de Janeiro. - Pelagic. Eumecichtht/s fiski (Giinther)-Longnose crestfish Atlantic and western Pacific Oceans; in the western Atlantic from southern Florida. Pelagic. 270 BULLETIN FLORIDA STATE MUSEUM ' Vol. 2 92. Family Trachipteridae-Ribbonfishes Trachipterus cristatus Bonelli 2-Scalloped ribbonfish. Worldwide in distribu- tion; in the western Atlantic from Bermuda and the northeastern Gulf of Mexico to Cuba. Relagic. Trachipterus sp.-Western Atlantic ribbonfish. New York to the Straits of Florida off Key West. Pelagic. Trachipterus polustictus Ogilby '-Polkadotted ribbonfish. Worldwide in dis- tribution; in the western Atlantic from northeastern Florida to Cuba. Pelagic. 98. Family Regalecidae-Oarfishes ' Regalecus glesne (Ascanius)-Oarfish. Worldwide in distribution; in the western Atlantic from Bermuda, and from the northeastern' to the southeastern Gulf of Mexico. Pelagic. ORDER BERYCOMORPHI 94. Family Stephanoberycidae Stephanoberyx momie Gill. Southern New England to the Lesser Antilles and the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Benthic. 95. Family Polymixiidae Polymixia lowei Gunther. Long Island to the Lesser Antilles and throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Benthic. 96. Family Diretmidae Diretmus argenteus Johnson. Atlantic, Indian, and western Pacific Oceans; in the western Atlantic from Bermuda and the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Bathypelagic. 97. Family Trachichthyidae Hoplostethus mediterraneus Cuvier. Atlantic, Indian, and western Pacific Oceans; - in the western Atlantic• from New Jersey to the Lesser Antilles and the north- eastern Gulf of Mexico. Bathypelagic. 98. Family Anoplogastridae-Fangtooths Anoplogaster cornuta Valenciennes-Fangtooth. Worldwide in distribution; in the western Atlantic from New Jersey to the northeasterd and southeastern parts of the Gulf of Mexico. Bathypelagic. 99. Family Melamphaidae-Bigscales Mela,hphaes megatqps Lutken. Both sides of the Atlantic;. in the western At- lantic from the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Bathypelagic. Melamphaes.anthrax (Osorio). Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western At- lantic from Bermuda and the hortheastern Gulf of Mexico. Bathypelagic. 100. Family Holocentridae-Squirrelfishes . Myripristis jacobus Cuvier. Both sides of the Atlantic; in, the western Atlantic i from the northeastern Gulf of Mexico to Tortugas, Florida, and south to Rio de Janeiro. Shore. #61ocentrus coruscus Poey. Bermuda to the Bahamas, Tortugas, Cuba, and the , southwestern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. ' New generic names, as yet unpublished, are in press. 1958 BRIGGS: FLOBIDA FISHES 271 Holocentrus builisi Woods. Bernibda and North Carolina to the northeastern and southwestetn Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Holocentrus rufus (Walbauni). .Bermu(la and North Carolina to Colombia and the Lesser Antilles. Shore. Holocentrus as*¥ionis (Osbeck)-Squirrelfish. Both· s~de of the Atlantic; in the · western Atlantic from Bermuda and Florida to Rio de Janeiro and the north- ern and weskern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. HoZocentrus matianus Cuvier. N6rth Carolina to the Lesser Antilles. Shore. Holocentrus ve:NUarius Poey. New Jersey and Bermuda 20 Colombia and the northcentral' and~ southwestern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. ORDER ZEOMORPHI 101. Family Zeidae-Dories Cyttopsis roseuk (Lowe). Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from the northern and ea5tern Gulf of Mexico. Benthic. Zenion hololepis (Goode and Bean). Bahamas to Tortugas, Florida, and through- out the Gul# of Mexico. Benthic. Zenopsis ocellaia (Storer). Nova Scotia to the northern and eastern Gulf of Mexico. Benthic. - 102. Fdmily Grammicolepidae Xenolepidichth{* dalgleishi Gilchrist. Atlantic and western Pacific; in the west- ern Atlantic~ from the northern Gulf of Mexico to the Caribbean. Pelagic. 103. Family Antigoniidae-BoarEshes Antigonia caprbs Lowe. Atlantic. and western Pacifc Oceans; in the western Atlantic from Rhode Island to Rio de Janeiro and the northern Gulf of Mexico. Pelagic. Antigonia brow,ni Fowler. Atlantic and western Pacific Oceans; in the western Atlantic from New Jersey to southern Florida. Pelagic. ORDER PERCOMORPHI 104. Family Serranidae-Sea basses Alphestes afer (Bloch)-Cherna. Bermuda and Tortugas, Florida to Argentina (52' S.) and the Falkland Islands. Shore. Centropristes philadelphicus (Linnaeus)-Gulf seabass. South Carolina to Tor- tugas, Florida; and widespread in the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Centropristes melanus Ginsburg. Eastern and northern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Centropriates striatus (Linnaeus)-Black seabass. Maine to northern Florida. Shore; Cent,opristes ocytirus (Jordan and Evermann). North Carolina to Florida and the northern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Chlorististium sp. (not yet named). Northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Sarraniculus pumilio Ginsburg. North Carolina, to Florida and the northeastern and southwestern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Paracentropristas pomospilus Ginsburg. Throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Dermatolepis zanclus Evermann and Kendall-Sicklefin grouper. Southern·Flor- ida. Shore. Dermatolepis inermis (Valenciennes)-Marbled grouper. Bermuda and southern Florida to Fernando, de Noronha, Brazil. Shore. 272 BULLETIN FLORIDA STATE MUSEUM Vol. '2 Diplectrum arcuarium Ginsburg. Northern t6 southwestern Gulf. of Mexico. Shore. Diplectrum radiale (Quoy and Gaimard). Tortugas, Florida to Uruguay. Shore. Diplectrum formosum (Linnaeus)-Sandperch. North Carolina to Uruguay and throughout tbe Gulf of Mexico. Shore, 1 Serrandlus subligaritis (Cope)-Belted sandfish. North Carolina to Tortugas, Florida, and the northern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Cephatophotis taeniops (Valenciennes). Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from southern Florida to the West Indies. Shore. Cephalopholis fulous (Linnaeus)-Coney. Bermuda and the Florida Keys to Rio de Janeiro and the western Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Epinephelus adscensionis (Osbeck)-Rock hind. Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from Bermuda and Massachusetts to Bahia, Brazil and the western Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Ep,inephelus drummoridha!/i Goode and Bean-Speckled hind. Bermuda and South Carolina to Florida and the northern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Epinephelus guttatus (Linnaeus)-Red hind. Bermuda and North Carolina to Brazil and the western Gulf. 6f Mexico. Shore. Epinephelus mOfio (Cuvier)-Red grouper. Bermuda and Massachusetts to Rio de Janeiro, and widespread in the Gulf of Mexico. - Shore. Epinephelus mystacinus (Poey)-Cherna de 10 Alto. Bermuda and Florida to Biazil. Shore.- Epinephelus niueatus (Valenciennes)-Snowy grouper. Massachusetts to Rio de Janeiro, and widespread in the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Epinephelus striatus (Bloch)-1-Nassau grouper. Bermuda and North Carolina to Bahia, Brazil, and the eastern and northwestern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Garrupa nigrita (Holbrook)-Black jewfish. New Jersey and Bermuda to Rio de Janeiro and throughout the Gulf of.Mexico, Shore. - Gonioplectrus hispanus Cuvier-Spanish Hag. Northeastern Gulf of Mexico to the Lesser Antilles. Shore. Hemianthias vivanuh (Jordan and Swain)-Red barbier. Northern and eastern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Hemianthias lei*us (Ginsburg). Northern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Hypoplectrus gemma Goode and Bean. Florida Keys. Shore. Hypoplectrus puella (Cuvier). Florida Keys. Shore. Hypoplectrus unicolor (Walbaum)-Butter hamlet Bermuda and Florida to Panama and the northwestern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Lioprop,oma aberrans (P.oey). Tortugas, Florida to Cuba. Shore. Mycteroperca bonaci (Poey)-Black grouper. Bermuda and Massachusetts to Ri6 de Janeiro, and widespread in the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Mucteroperca falcata (Poey)-Scamp. Bermuda to Bahia, Brazil, and widespread in the Gulf of Mexico. Shore: Mgoteroperca interstitiatis (Poey)-Princess rockfish. Massachusetts to Florida and Cuba. Shore. Mycteroperca microlepis (Goode and Bean)-Gag, Bermuda and Virginia to Rio de Janeiro and the northern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Mycteroperca phenax Jordan and Swain-Bacalao. Florida Keys. Shore. Mi/steroperca tigris (Valenciennes)-Tiger rockfish. B6rmuda to Florida and the Lesser Antilles. Shore. , 1958 BRIGGS: FLORIDA FISHES 273 Mt/cteroperba venenosa venenosa (Linnaeus)-Yellowfin grouper. Bermuda and North Carolina to Cuba and the southern Gulf of Mdxico. Shore. Mycteroperca venenosa apua (Bloch). Florida Keys to Ilha dos Buzios, Brazil. Shore. Mt/cteroperca xanthosticta (Jordan abd Swain). Vicinity of Pensacola, Florida. Shore. Ocyanthias martinicensis (Guichenot). Northeastern Gulf of Mexico to Tortugas, · Florida, and south to the Lesser Antilles. Shore. Paranthias furcifer (Cuvier)-Creole fsh. Both coasts of the Atlantic and the eastern Pacific; in the wastern Atlantic from Bermuda to Ilha Victoria, Brazil, and the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. ' Petrometopon cmentatus cruentatus (Lacdpdde)-Graysby. Bermuda and Florida ~ to Bahia, Brazil, and the southwestern Gulf of Mexico. Shor'e. Pehometopon cruentatus coronatus (Valenciennes)-Brown hidd. Florida Keys to Colombia. Shore. Polgprion am€ricanus (Bloch and Schneider)-Wreckfish. Both sides of the At- lantic; in the we-stern Atlantic from Newfoundland to , Argentina (38' S.) and the northwestern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Prionodes baldwini Evermann and Marsh. Tortugas, Florida to Puerto Rico. Shore. Prionodes fusculus (Poey). Tortugas, Florida to Cuba. Shore. Prionodes nigropunctatus,Hildebrand. Tortugas, Florida. Shore. Prionodes notospitus (Longley). Eastern and southwestern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Prionodes phoebe (Poey)-Tattler. Bermuda and Florida to Cuba and the eastern and northcentral Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Promicrops itaiara (Lichtenstein)-Spotted jewfish. Both coasts of tropical Amef- , ica; in the western Atlantic from Bermuda and Florida to Rio de Janefro anil the northern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Pronotogrammus aureorubens Longley. Northeastern Gulf of Mexico to the vicinity 6f Tortugas, Florida. ' Shore. Pseudogrammus brederi (Hildebrand). Tortugas, Florida. Shore. Roccus saxatilis (Walbaum)-Striped bass. Gulf of SL Lawrence to northern Florida and the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Euryhaline. R!/Pticus arenatus Cuvier. Both sides of the Atlintic; in the western Atlantic from the northern and eastern Gulf of Mexico to Bahia, Brazil. Shore. Ryptious saponacew saponaceus (B16ch and Schneider)-Soapfish. Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from Rhode Island and Bermuda to Bahia, Brazil, and throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Serranus beta Hildebrand. Tortugas, Florida. - Shore. Semmus tortugarum Longley. Tortugas, Florida. Shore. 105. Family Centrarchidae-Sunfishes Micropterus notius Bailey and Hubbs-Suwannee Bass. Suwannee River system, Florida. Freshwater. Mic,opterus punctulatus (Rafinesque)-Northern spotted bass. Mississippi Valley to the Apalachicola River in western Florida. Freshwater. Micropterus sp.-Chipola bass. Chipola River system, Florida. Freshwater. Micropterus salmoides salmoides Lacdpdde-Northem largemouth bass. Virginia t6 northern Florida and westward through the Mississippi Valley. Freshwater. 274 BULLETIN FLORIDA STATE MUSEUM Vol. 2 Micropterus salmoides floridanus (Lesueur)-Florida largemouth·bass. Florida peninsula. Freshwater. Chaenobruttus gulosus (Cuvier)-Warmouth. Widespread in 'the eastern and southwestern United States, to the southern tip of Florida. Freshwater. Lepomis punctatus punctatus (Valenciennbs)-Stumpknocker. North Carolina to the southern tipof Florida. Freshwater. Lepoinis punctatus mineatus (Jordan)-Redspotted sunfish. Mississippi Valley to western Florida. Freshwater. Lepomis microlophus (Gunther)-Shellcracker. Georgia to the. southern tip of Florida and west to Texas. Freshwater. Lepomis auritus (Linnaeus)-Redbreast. Mdine to central-Floridi. Freshwater. Lepomis megalotis (Rafinesqut)-Longear sunfish. Mississippi Valley to western Florida. Frkshwater. Lepomis macrochifus Rafmesque-Bluegill., Southern Canada and the Great Lakes region through the Mississippi Valley and southeast to southern Elorida. Freshwater. Lepomis marginatus (Holbrook)-Dollar sunfish, South Carolina to central Flor- ida and west to the lower Mississippi Valley and Texas. Freshwater. Enneacanthus obesus' (Girard)-Banded sunfish. Southern New Hampshire to central Florida. Freshwater. Enneacanthus gloriosus (Holbrook)-Bluespotted sunfish. New York to southern ~ Florida. Freshwater. Enneacanthus chaetodon elizabethae (Bailey)-Blackbanded sunfish. Southern Georgia to northern Florida. Freshwater. Ambloptites rupestris ariommus Viosca-Southern rockbass. Lower ~ Mississippi Valley and Gulf coast' to the Choctawhatchee River in western Florida. Freshwater. Acantharchus pomotis (Baird)-Mudperch. New York to Alachua County, Flor- ida. Freshwater. Pornoxis nigromaculatus (Lesueur)-Speckled perch. Throughout the eastern United' States to 'Tex,as and southern Florida. Freshwater. Centrarchus macropterus (Lac6p6de)-Flier. Virginia to central, Florida and westward to the, Mississippi Valley. Freshwater. , Ebsoma zonatum Jordan-Banded pygmy sunfish. Mississippi Valley to Texas and to Marion County, Florida. Freshwater. Elassoma evergladei Jordan-Everglade pygmy sunfish. Southern Georgia to southern Florida. Freshwater. Elassoina okefenokee B6hlke. S~uthern Georgia to central Florida. Freshwater. 106. Family Percidae-Perches Percina nigrofasciata nigrofasciata (Agassiz)-Crawl-a-bdttom. South Carolina to Orange County, Florida, and west to Louisiana. Frebhwater. Percina uranidea (Jordan and Gilbert)-Stargazing darter. Lower Mississippi Valley to western Florida. Freshwater. Perdina caprodes carbonaria (Baird and Girard)-Logperch. Lower Mississippi Valley to Texas and to western Florida. Freshwater. Ammocrupta beani Jordan-Naked sand darter. Mississippi to the Choctaw- hatchee River in western Florida. Freshwater. Boleosoma *. Oklawaha River, Florida. Freshwater. 1958 BRIGGS: FLORIDA FISHES 275 Etheostoma saxatile (Hay)-Speckled darter. Gulf coast to western Florida. Freshwater. Etheostoma stigmaeum (Jordan)-Snubnose darter. Lower Mississippi Valle9 to western Florida. Frdshwater. Etheostoma edwini (Hubbs and Cannon)-Brown darter. Southern Georgia and Alabama to northern Florida. Freshwater. Etheostoma barratti (Holbrook)-Florida swamp darter. South Carolina to Lake Okeechobee and we5t through the lower Mississippi Valley to Texas. Fresh- water. Etheostorna proeliare (Hay)-Cypress darter. Western Florida to Mississippi. Freshwater. Etheostoma su>aini (Jordan)-Gulf darter. Louisiana to.western Florida. Fresh- , water. 107. Family Priacanthida,-Catalufas Priacanthus arenatus Cuvier-Catalufa. Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from Bermuda and Massachusetts to Argentina (85" S.), and wide- spread in the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Priacanthus cruentatus (Lac¢pdde)-Bigeye. Both sides of the Atlantic and the eastern Pacific; in the western Atlantic from southern Fldri(la to Rio de Janeiro. Shore. Pristigengs altus (Gill)-Short bigeye. Bermuda and the Gulf of Maine to the West Indies and tbdughout the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. 108. Family Apogonidae-Cardinal fishes Apogon americanus Castelnau. Tortugas, Florida to Bahia, Brazil. Shore. Apogon aurolineatus (Mowbray). Tortugas, Florida to the Lesser Antille5. Shore. Apogon binotatus (Poey,). Bermuda and the, Florida Keys to Venezuela. Shore. Apogon conklini (Silvester). Bahamas and the Elorida Keys to Puerto Rico and Panama. Shore. Apdgon. imberbis (Linnaeus). Both sidesof the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from Rhode Island to northern Brazil. Shore. Apogon maculatus (Poey)-Spotted cardinal' fish. Bermuda and Massachusetts to Bahia, Brazil, and the eastern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Apogon.pigmentarius (Poey). Bermuda and Florida to Panama and the north- eastern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Apogon plantfrons Longley and Hildebrand. Tortugas, Florida. Shore. Apogon pseudomaculatus Longley. Bermuda and Florida to the northeastern and southwestern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Apogon quadrisquamatus Longley. Tortugas, Florida. Shore. ' Apogonichthys alutus (Jordan and Gilbert)-Pensacola cardinal fish. North Caro- lina to Puerto Rico and to tKe northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Apogonichthys stellatus (Cope)-Conchfish. Bermuda and the Florida Keys to Colombia and the southwestern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. 0*godon sp. Near Tortugas, Florida. Benthic. Elkgonus pandionis (Goode and Bean). Virginia to the northern Gulf of Mexico. Benthic. Synagrops belia (Goode and Bean). Both , sides of the - Atlahtic, in the western Atlantic from North Carolina to Florida and throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Benthic. 0 276 BULLETIN FLORIDA STATE MUSEUM Vol. 2 Synagrops spinosa Schultz. Northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Benthic. Parascombrops sp. Northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Benthic. 109. Family Malacanthidae-Matajuelos CatdolatiZus cyanops Poey. Ndw Jersey to Puerto Ric6, and widespread in the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Caulolatilui microps Goode and Bean. New Jersey to Florida and the central and northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Caulolatilus intermedius Howell Rivero. Northeastern and 'southwestern Gulf of Mexico to Cuba. Shore. Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps Goode and Bean-Tilefish. Nova Scotia to Flor- ida, and widespread in the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Malacanthus plumieri (Bloch)-Matajuelo blanco. Bermuda and South Carolina to Bahia, Brazil and the northern and eastern Gulf of Mexico; also to Ascension Island. Shore. 110. Family Pomatomidae--Bluefishes Pbmatomus saltatrix (Linnaeus)-Bluefish Worldwide in distribution; in the western Atlantic from Nova Scotia and Bermuda to Argentina (40' S.), and widespread in the Gulf of Mexico. Pelagic. 111. Family Rachycentridae-Cobias Rachtmentronf canadus (Linnaeus)-Cobia.. Worldwide in distribution; in the western Atlantic from Bermuda and Massachusetts to Argentina (85« S.), and , wide5pread in the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. 112. Family Carangidae-Jacks Seriola falcata (Valenciennes)-Almaco amberjack. Both sides of the Atltkntic; in the western Atlantic from Bermuda and North Carolina to Buenos Aires, Argentina and the northern Gulf of Mexico. Pelagic. Serion fasciata (Bloch)-Little amberjack. Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from Massachusetts to Cuba and the northeastern and south- western Gulf· of Mexico. Pelagic. . Seriota zonata .(Mitchill)-Slender amberjack. Nova Scotia and Bermuda to Santos, Brazil, and throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Pelagic, Seriola dumerili (Risso)-Great amberjack. Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from Bermuda and Massachusetts to Puerto Rico, and wide- spread in the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Elagatis bipinnulatus (Quoy and Gaimard)-Rainbow runner. Worldwide in tropical waters; in the· western Atlantic from Massachusetts to Colombia and the northern. Gulf of Mexico. Pelagic. . Trachinotus falcatus (Linnaeus)-Round pompano. Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from Massachusetts to Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, and widespread in the Gulf of Mexico. Pelagic. Trachinotus glaucus (Bloch)-Longfin pompano. Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from Bermuda and Massachusetts to Argentina (89' S.), and widespread in the Gulf of Mexico. Pelagic. Trachinotus carolinus (Linnaeus)-Common pompano. Bermuda and Massa- chusetts to Santos, Brazil' and throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Pelagic. 0 1958 BRIGGS: FLORIDA FISHES 277 Naucrates ductor (Linnaeus)-Pilot fish. Worldwide in tropical waters; in the western Atlantic from Nova Scotia and Bermuda to Argentina (85' 80' .S.) and the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Pelagic. Selar crumenophthalmus (Bloch)-Bigeye scad. Worldwide in gopical waters; in the western Atlantic from Nova Scotia and Bermuda to Rio de Janeiro and throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Pelagic. Decapterus macardlus, (Cuvier)-=Mackerel scad. Nova Scotia and Bermuda to Fernando de Npronha, Brazil. Pelagic. Decapterus punctatus (Agassiz)-Round scad. Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from Bermuda and Nova Stotia to Rio de Janeiro and the northeastern and southwestern Gulf of Mexico. Pelagic. Trachurus lathami Nichols-Rough, scad. Maine to Florida and throlighout the Gulf of Mexico. Pelagic. Caranx · latus Agassiz-Horse-eye jack. New Jersey and Bermuda to Rio de Janetro, and widespread in the Gulf of Mexico. Pelagic; occasionally in freshwater. Calanx bartholmnaei Cuvier-Yellow jack. Massachusetts to Macei6, Brazil, and ' the· northern Gulf of Mexico. Pelagic. Caranx crysos (Mitchill)-Blue runner. Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from Nova Scotia and Bermuda td Sao Paulo, Brazil, and throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Pelagic. Caranx ruber (Bloch)-Runner. Bermuda and off New Jersey probably to Rio de janeiro, and widespread in the Gulf of Mexico. Pelagic. Caranx hippos (Linnaeus)-Common jack. W6rldwide in tropical and ten*erate waters; in the western Atlantic from .Nova Scotia to. Uruguay (35'80' S.) and through6ut the Gulf of, Mexico. Pelagic; occasionally in freshwater. Caranx lugubris (Poey)-Tinosa. World,*ide in tropical and temperate waters; in the western Atlantic from Bermuda to Santos, Brazil, and the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Pelagic. Hemicaranx amblgrhynchus (Cuvier). North Carolina to Santos, Brazil and the' northern Gulf of Mexico. Pelagic. Ufaspis heidi Fowler. New Jersey to the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Pelagic: Chloroscombrus chrt/surus (Linnaeus)-Bumper. Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western ·Atlantic from Bermuda and Massachusetts to Uruguay (85'30' S.) and throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Pelagic. Alectis crinitus (Mitchill)-African pompano. Both coasts, of the Atlantic and the eastern Pacific; in the western Atlantic from Massachusetts to Santos, Brazil, and the western and southern Gulf of Mexico. Pelagic. Vomer setapinnis (Mitchill)-Moonfsh. Eastern Pacific and both sides 6f the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic. from Nova Scotia to ·Uruguay and throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Pelagic. Vomer dorsalis Gill (records may be referable to above species). Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from. southeastern Florida and the eastern Gulf of Mexico to Yucatan. Pelagic. Selede uomer (Linnaeus)-Lookdown. - Eastern Pacific and both sides of the , Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from Nova Scotia and Bermuda to Argentina (88' S.); and widespread in the Gulf of Mexico. Pelagic. Oligoplites sawus saurus (Bloch and Schneider)-Leatherjacket. Gulf of Maine to Uruguay and throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Pelagic. 278 BULLETIN FLORIDA STATE MUSEUM Vol. 2 118. Family Coryphaenidae-Dolphins Coryphaena hippurus Linnaeus-Dorado. Worldwide in tropical waters; in the western Atlantic from Nova Scotia and Bermuda to Brazil and throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Pelagic. Coryphaena equisetis Linnaeus-Small dolphin. Worldwide in tropical waters; in the western Atlantic from Maryland and Bermuda to Florida and through- out the Gulf of Mexico. Pelagic. 114. Family Bramidae-Pomfrets Taractes princeps (Johnson)-Freifa do alto. Both sides of the Atlantic; in the 4estern Atlantic from Nova Scotia to the hortheastern Gulf of. Mexico: Pelagic. Pteri,combus goodei (Jordan)LFan fish. South Carolina to the Cayman Islands and the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Pelagic. Brama brama (Bonnaterre)-Common pomfret. Worldwide in distribution; ' in the western Atlantic from Massachusetts and Bermuda to Cuba. Pelagic. 115. Family Centropomidae-Snooks ' Centropomus ensiferus Poey-Snook. Both sides. of the Atlantic;,in the western Atlantic from southern Florida to Rio de Janeiro. Shore. Centropomus paratietus Poey-Fat snook. Southern Florida to Santos, Brazil. Euryhaline. Centropomus pectinatus Poey-Cuban snook, Both coasts of tropical America; in the western Atlantic from southern Florida and the east coast of Mexico ' to Rio de Janeiro. Euryhaline. Centropomus undecimalis (Bloch)-Thin snook. Both coasts of tropical America; in the western Atlantic from S6uth Carolina to Rio de Janeiro and the north- ern Gulf of Mexico. Euryhaline. 116. Family Lutjanidae-Snappers Etelides aquilonar·B (Goode and Bean). Carolina coast to Tortugas, Florida. Shore. EteZis oculatus (Cuvier)-Cachucho. Atlantic and western Pacific Oceans; in the western Atlantic fr6m Bermuda to the Lesser Antilles and the southerh Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Lutianus analis (Vdlenciennes)-Muttonfish. Massachusetts to Rio de Janeiro and the northern and eastern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Lutianus at'a (Bloch)-Red spapper. Massachusetts to Rio de Janeiro and through- out the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Lutianus buccanella Cuvier-Blackfin snapper. Bermuda and North Carolina to the Lesser Antilles and the southwestern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Lutianus' apodus (Walbaum)-Schoolmaster. Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from Bermuda and Massachusetts to Bahia, Brazil, and the northern and eastern Gulf 6f Mexico. Euryhaline. Lutianus griseus (Linnaeus)-Mangrove snapper. Both sides of the ·Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from ,Bermuda and Massachusetts to Rio de Janeiro and throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Euryhaline. Lutianus cyanopterus (Vhlenciennes)-Cubera. Southern Florida to Brazil. Shore. 1958 BRIGGS: FLORIDA FISHES 279 Lutianus focu (Bloch and Schneider)-Dog - snapper. Massachusetts to Natal, Brazil, and widespread in the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Lutianus st/nagris (Linnaeus)-Spot snapper. Bermuda and N6rth Car6lina to Santos, Brazil, and throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Lutianus vicanus (Cuvier)-Silk .snapper. Bermuda and North Carolina . to Colombia, and widespread in the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. L-utianus ambiguus (Poey)-Cuban snapper. Key West, Florida to Cuba. Shore. Lutianus mahogoni (Cuvier)-Mahogany snapper. '~ North Carolina to Colombia. Shore. Ocyurus thrusurus (Bloch)-Yellowtail snapper. Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atluntic from Bermuda and Massachusetts to Rio de Janeiro, and widespread in the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Pristipomoides andersoni Ginsburg. Throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Rhomboplites aurorubens (Cuvier)-Vermilion snapper. Bermuda and North Carolina to Rio de Janeiro and throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. 117. Family Pomadasyida,-Grunts Pomadasys crocro (Cuvier)-Ticopa. Southern Florida to Sao Joao da Barra, · Brazil, and the northwestern Gulf of Mexico. Euryhaline. Anisotremus surinainensis (Bloch)-Black margate. Florida to Bahia, Brazil, and the northern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Anisottemus virginicus (Linnaeus)-Porkfish. Bermuda and southern Florida to Santa Catarina, Brazil, and the eastern and southern Gulf of, Mexico. Shore. Bathystoma.aurolineatum rimator (Jordan and Swain)-Tomtate. Virginia to the 1 Florida Keys and throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Brachygenus chr!/sargyreus (Gunther)-Bronze grunt. Northeastern Gulf of Mexico to Fernando de Noronha, Brazil. Shore. Haemulon melanurum (Lirmaeus)-French margatefish. Bermuda and the. Flor- ida Keys to Bahia, Brazil, and southern Mexico. Shore. Haemulon macrostomum Gunther-Spanish grunt. Bermuda and the Florida Keys to 6616nibia·and the eastern and northwestern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Haemulon bonariense Cuvier-Black grunt. Bermuda and the F16rida Keys to Aigentind (86" S.). Shore. , Haemulon album Cuvier-Margate. Bermuda and the Florida Keys to Brazil ~ and the southwestern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. , *demulon carbonanuni Poey-Caesar grunt. Bermuda and the Florida Keys to Bahia, Brazil. Shore. Haemulon #auotineatum (Desmarest)-French grunt. Bermuda and South Caro- lina to Brazil and the southwestern Gulf of Mexico., Shore. Haemulon parra (Desmarest)-Ronco. Florida Keys to Bahia, Brazil, and the ' northwestern Gulf of Mexico. Shore- Haemulon sciurus (Shaw)-Yellow grunt. Bermuda and the Florida Keys to Rio de Janeiro and the northeastern and southwestern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Haemulon plumieri (Lac6pdde)-White grunt. Virginia to Rio de Janeiro and ' the northeastern and southwestern Gulf,of Mexico. Shore. Orthopristis chrt,sopterus (Linnaeus)-Pigfish. Bermuda and Massachusetts to Florida and throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. 280 BULLETIN FLORIDA STATE MUSEUM Vol. 2 118. Family Lobotidae-Tripletails Lobotes surinamensis (Bloch)-Tripletail. Atlantic, Indian, and western Pacific Oceans; in the western Atlantic from Bermuda and Massachusetts to Argen- tina (88' S.) and throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Pelagic. 119. Family Leiognathidaa--Mojarras Diapterus olisthostomus (Goode and Bean)-Irish pompano. Northeastern Flor- ida to Bahia, Brazil. Euryhaline. Eucinostomus argenteus Baird and Girard-Mojarra. Both coasts of tropical America; in the western Atlantic from New Jersey. to Rio de Janeiro, and widespread in the Gulf of Mexico. Euryhaline. Eucinostomus pseudogula Poey Bermuda and southern Florida to Bahia, Brazil; a questionable record from New York. Shore. O Eutinostomus gula (Quoy and, Gaimard)-Silver jenny. Bermuda and Massa- chusetts to Argentina (38' S.) and throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Lepidochir havana (Nichols)--Cuban mojarra. Bermuda and the Florida Keys , to Natal, Brazil. Shore. Ulaema lefro!/i (Goode)-Florida mojarra. Bermuda and North Carolina to Natal, BPazil, and the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Eugerres brasilianus (Valenciennes)-Patao. South Carolina' to Santos, Brazil, and the northwestern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Eugerres plumieri (Cuvier). Southwestern Florida to, Bahia, Brazil, and west to Mexico. .Shore. Gerres cinereus (Walbaum)-Gray mojarra. Both coasts of tropical America; in the western Atlantic from Bermuda and the Florida Keys to· Rio de Janeiro and the northern and western Culf of Mexico. Euryhaline. 120. Family Stiaenidae-Croakers ' Bairdiella chrymra (Lacdpdde)-Silver perch. New York to Florida and throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Ct/noscion nebulosus (Cuvier)-Spotted squeteague, Both sides of the Atlantic; in the west6rn Atlantic from New York to Florida and throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Euryhaline. Cynosci611 nothus (Holbrook)-Silver squeteague. Maryland to Florida and throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Cynoscion arenariw Ginsburg-Sand squeteague. Throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Euryhaline. Cynoscion regatis'(Bloch and Schneider)-Weakfish. Nova Scotia to eastern Flor- ' ida. Shore. Equetus acuminatus (Bloch and Schneider)-Cubbyu. Bermuda and North Carolina to Rio de Janeiro and throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Shore.. Equetus lanceolatus (Linnaeus)-Equetus. Bermuda and North Carolina to Bahia, Brazil and the northeastern and southern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Equetus pulcher (Steindachner)-Striped equetus. Florida Keys to the Lesser Antilles. Shore. Equetus umbrosus (Jordan and Eigenmann). South Carolina to Florida and the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Equetus punctatus (Bloch and Schneider)-Spotted equetus. Southeastern Flor- ida to-Hispaniola. Shore. 1958 BRIGGS: FLORIDA FISHES 281 Larimus fasciatus Holbrook«Banded croaker. Massachusetts to Florida and the northern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Leiostomus xanthurus Lacipdde-Spot. Gulf of Maine to Florida and throughout the Gulf 6f Mexico. Euryhaline. Menticirthus americanus (Linnaeus)-Southern king whiting. New York to Argentina (40' S.) and the northern Gulf of Mexico. Shord. MentiBihhus littoratis (Holbrook)-ulf king whiting. Virginia to Florida and throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Menticirrhus ,focaliger Ginsburg-Gulf minkfish. Widespread in the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Menticirrhus •saxatilis (Bloch and Schneider)-King whiting. Maine to Florida: Shore. Micropogon undulatus (Linnaeus)-Atlantic croaker. Massachusetts to Argentina (40« S.) and 'throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Euryhaline. Odontoscion dentex (Cuvier)-Corvina. Key Largo, Florida to Bahia, Brazil, and - probably as far south as the Rio Negro, Argentina. Shore. Pogonias cronis (Linnaeus)-Black drum. Massachusetts to Argentina (40'S.) and the northern and eastern Gulf of Mexico. Euryhaline. Sciaenops ocellata (Linnaeus)-Red drum. Massachusetts to Florida and' the , northern and eastern Gulf of Mexico. Euryhaline. Stellifer laheeolatus (Holbrook)-Star drum. , Virginia fo Florida and the north- ern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Umbrina coroides Cuvier-Rdneador. Virginia to Sa-ntos, Brazil, 'and the south- we5tern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Vacuoqua sialis (Jordan and Eigenmann)-Vacocua. Florida Keys. Shore. 121. Family Mullidae-Goatfishes Mulloidichthys martinicus (Cuvier)-Yellow goatfish, Bermuda and the Florida Keys to the Lesser, Antilles, Panama, and the western·Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Mullus auratus Jordan and Gilbert-N6rthern goatfish. Bermuda and Nova Scotia to the West Indies abd throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Pseudupeneus maculatus (Bloch)-Spotted goatfish. New Jersey. and Bermuda ' to Rio de Janeiro and the southern and northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Upeneus parvw Poey. Eastern Florida to the LeSser Aritilles and throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. 122. Family Spafidae-Porgies Archosargus fhomboidalis fLinnaeus) [= A. unimaculatus (Bloch)]-Sea bream. New Jersey to.Rio de Janeiro and the eastern Gulf of Mexico, and west to Yucatan. Sh6re. Archosargus probatocephalus (Walbaum) [- A. - oviceps Ginsburg]-Sheepshead. Nova Scotia to Florida and throughout the Gulf' of Mexico. Euryhaline. Cqlamus arctifrons Goode, and Bean-Grass porgy. Florida, to Ilha Grande, Brazil, and the northeastern 'Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Calamus baionado (Bloch and Schneider)-Jolthead porgy. Bermuda and Rhode Island to Porto Seguro, Brazil, and the northwestern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Calamus calamus (Valenciennes)-Saucereye porgy. Bermuda and. Nodh Chro- lina to Bahia, Brazil, and the northwestern Gulf of ,Mexico. Shore. Calamus leucosteus Jordan and Gilbert-Whitebone porgy. South Carolina to Florida and the northeastern and western Gulf of Mexico. Shore. 282 BULLETIN FLORIDA STATE MUSEUM ' Vol. 2 Calamus penna (Valenciennes)-Littlemouth porgy. Flbrida to Rio Grande ·do Sul, Brazil, kind the eastern and northwestern Gulf of Mexico, Shore. Calamus proridefts Jordan and Gilbert-Littlehead porgy. Florida Keys to His- paniola and the northeastern and southwestern Culf of Mexico. Shore. Diplodus holbrooki (Bean)-Spottail pinfish, Chesapeake Bay to Florida and the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Euryhaline. Diplodus argenteus (Valenciennes)-Sargo. Bermuda and eastern Fldrida to _ Argentina (88'80' S.) and Ascensi6n Island. Shore. Stenotomus chrt/sqps (Linnaeus)-Northern porgy. Nova Scotia to eastern Flor- ida. Shore. Stenotomus caprinus Bean-Long*ine porgy. North Carolina to Florida and the northern and southwestern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Pagrus sedecint Ginsburg-Red porgy. New ' York to- Argentina (88' S.) and the northern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Lagodon rhomboides (Linnaeus)-Pinfish. Bermuda and Massachusetts to Flor- ida and throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Euryhaline. 123. Family Pempheridae-Sweepers Pempheris schomburgki Miiller and Troschel-Glassy sweeper. Bermuda an~ Miami to Brazil and west to Yucattin Shore. 124. Family Kyphosidae-«Rudderfishes Kyphosus sectatrix (Linnaeus)-Rudderfish. Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from Bermuda and Massachusetts to Brazil and the north- western Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Kyphosus incisor (Cuvier)---Yellow chub. Both sides of the' Atlantic; in the, * western Atlantic from Tortugas, Florida to Brazil. 'Shore. 125.. Family Ephippidae-Spadefishes Chdetodipterus faber (Broussonet)-Spadefsh. Massachusetts to Santos, Brazil, and throughout the GuH of Mexico. Shore. 126. Family Chaetodontidae-Butterfly fishes Centrop!/ge argi Woods and Kanazawa. Bermuda to the southern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Chaetodon aya Joidan-Bank butterfly fish. North Car61ina to tlfe eastern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Chaetodon capistratus Linnaeus-Foureye butterfiy fi5h. Massachusetts to the Lesser Antilles and Panama. Shore. Chaetodon ocellatus BIoch-Common butterfly fish. Massachusetts to Maman- guape, Brazil, and widespread in the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Chaetodon sedentarius Poey.. Eastern and southwestern Gulf of Mexico to Hispaniola. Shore. Chaetodon striatus Linnaeus-Banded butterfly fish. Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from New Jersey to Rio de Janeiro and the north- eastern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Holacanthus citiaris (Linnaeus)-Queen angelfish. Northeastern and southwestern Gzilf of Mexico to Bahfa, Brazil. Shore, Hoacanthus isabelita (Jordan and Rutter)-Common angelfish. Bermuda and the Florida Keys to the West Indies, and in the eastern and northwestern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. r 1958 . BRIGGS: FLORIDA FISHES 288 Holacanthuy townsendi (Nichols and Mowbray)-Townsend's angelfish. Florida Keys. Shore. Holacanthus bermudensis (Goode)-Angelfish. Bermuda and Florida to the West Indies. Shore. Hohicanthus tricolor (Bloch)-Rock beauty. Bermuda and the Florida Keys to ' Rio de Janeiro. Shore. Pomacanthus arcuatus (Linnaeus)-Grey angelfish. New York to Rio de Janeiro and the Southwdtern Gulf of Mexico. Sh6re. Pomacanthus paru (Bloch)-French angelfish. Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from the Florida Keys to Rio de Janefro. Shore. 127. Family Pomacentridae-Damselfishes Abudefduf saxatilis saxatilis (Linnaeus)-Sergeant major. B6th sides of the At- lantic and the eastern Pacific; in the western Atlanticfrom Bermuda and Rhode Island to Uruguay and throughout tha Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Abudefduf analogus (Gill). Florida Keys to the Lesser Antilles. Shbre. Abudefduf taurus (Muller and Troschel) Florida Keys to the Lesser Antilles. Shore. Chromis enchrusttfUS (Jordan and Gilbert)-Yellowtail reef fish. Eastern and southern Gulf of Mexic6. Shore. Chromis insolatus (C~vier)-Chauffe-soleil. Bermuda and eastern and n6rth- central Gulf of Mexico to ' the Lesser Antilles and St. Helena Island. Shore. Chromis multianeatus (Guichenot). Tortugas, Florida to Cuba. Shore. Nexilarius concolor (Gill). Both coasts of tropical America; in the western At- lantic from the Florida Keys. Shore. Pomacentrus adustus Troschel. Florida Keys to Hispanidla and west to Mexico. 'Shore..I Pomacentrus fuscus (Cuvier)-Maria molle. Both sides of the Atlantic; in the ~ western Atlantic from Bermuda and the Florida Keys to Rio de Janeiro and the southwestern Gulf of ·Mexico. Shore. Pomatentrus leucostictus Muller and Troschel-Beaugregory. Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from Maine and Bermuda to Bahia, Brazil, and the eastern and southwestern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Pomacentrus partitus Poey. Tortugas, Florida to Cuba. Shore. Ponuicentrus pkinifrons Cuvier. Tortugas, Florida to the Lesser Antilles and the southwestern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Pomacentrus xanthurus Poey, Tortugas, Florida to· Cuba and the southwestern and northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Microspathodon chrusurus (Cuvier)-Yellowtail damselfish. Both sides of the AtlantiB; in the western Atlantic from Bermuda and the Florida Keys to the Lesser Antilles and Panama. Shore. 128. Family Labridae-Wrasses Bodianus rufus (Linnaeus)-Spanish hogfish. Bermuda and Florida to Rio de - Janeiro and the northeastern and southwestern Gulf of Mexico; also to St. Helena and Ascension Islands. Shore. Decodbn puellaris (Poey)-Cuban' hogfi5h. Northeastern and southwestern Gulf of Mexico to the Lesser Antilles. Shore. Doratonotus megalepts Giinther-Dwarf wrasse. Bermuda and the, Florida Keys to the Lesser Antilles and Panama. Shore. 284 BULLETIN FLORIDA STATE MUSEUM Vol. 2 Halichoeres bivittata (Bloch)-Slippery dick. Bermuda and North Carolina to Ilha Victoria, Brazil, and the northeastern and southwestern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Hakhoeres caudalis (Poey)-Painted wrasse. Northern and eastern Gulf of Mexico to Hispaniola. Shore. Halichoeres garnoti (Valenciennes)-Variegated wrasse. Bermuda and the Flor- ida Keys to Rio de Janeiro and the southwestern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Halichoeres maculipinna (Muller and Troschel)-Bandedhead wrasse. Bermuda and, North Carolina to the Lesser Antilles and the southwestern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Halichoeres poevi (Steindachner). Tortugas, Florida t6 Rio de Janeiro. Shore. Halichoeres radiata (Linnaeus)-Puddingwife. Bermuda and North Carolina to Bahia, Brazil, and the northeastern and soutliwestern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Lachnolaimus maximus (Walbaum)-Hogfish. Bermuda and North Carolina to Colombia and the northeastern and southwestern Gulf of Mejaco. Shore. Thalassoma bifasciatum (Bloch)-Bluehead. Bermuda and the Florida Keys to Colombia and the southwestern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Xyrichthys martinicensis (Valenciennes)-Rosy razorfish. Bermuda and the Flor- ida Keys to the Lesser Antilles and west to Yucatdn, Shore. . - Xyrichthys psittacus (Linnaeus)-Pearly razorfish. South Carolina to Bahia, Brakil, to the northeastern Gulf of Mexico, and west to Yucatkn. Shore. Xyrichthys ventratis Bean. Tortugas, Florida to Yucatan. Shore. 129. Family Scaridae-Parrot fishes Nicholsina ustus (Valenciennes)-Emerald parrotfish. New Jersey to Rio de. Janeiro and the northeastern and southwestern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. ' Cryptotomus roseus Cope-Manytoothed parrotfish, Bermuda and the Florida Keys to Bahia, Brazil. Shore. Scarus coelestimis Valenciennes-Loro. Florida Keys to Rio de Janeiro, Shore. Scarus guacamaia Cuvier-Rainbow parrdtfish. ' Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from Bermuda and the Florida Keys to Argentina and west to Yucathn, Shore. Scarus coeruleus (Bloch)-Blue parrotfish. Bermuda and Maryland to Rio de Janeiro. Shore. Scarus croicensis Bloch-Bahama parrotfsh. Bermuda and Massachusetts to Macei6, Brazil, and the eastern and southwestern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Scarus vetuta Bloth and Schneider-Queen parrotfish. Bermuda and the Florida Keys to Colombia and west to Yucatgn. Shore. Sparisoma aurofrenatum (Valenciennes)-Redband parrotfish. Bermuda, and Tortugas, Florida, to Bahia, Brazil. Shore. Sparisoma .chn,sopterum (Bloch and Schneider)-Vieja. Tortugas, Florida, to Bahia, Brazil. Shore. , Sparisoma rubripinne (Valenciennes)-Mud parrotfsh. Bermuda and Massa- chusetts to Rio de Janeiro and west to Yucatdn, Shore. - SDarisoma axillarts Steindachner. Tortugai, Florida, to Bahia, Brazil, and west to Panama. Shore. Sparisoma radians (Valenciennes)-Radiant parrotfish. Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from Bennuda and southern Florida to Bahia, Brazil, and the western Gulf of Mexico. Shore. 5 - 1958 BRIGGS: FLORIDA FISHES 285 Sparisoma viride (Bonnaterre)-Green parrotfish. Bermuda ahd southern Florida to Bahia, Brazil, and the southwestern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. 180. Family Percophidae-,Flatheads Bembrops gobioides (Goode)-Flathead. New York to Florida and the eastern and northern Gulf of Mexico. Benthic. Bkmbrops anatirostria Ginsburg-Spotted flathead, Northern and eastern Gulf of Mexico to Puerto Rico. Benthic. 131. Family Acanthuridae-Surgeon fishes Acantliurus chiru,gus (Bloch)-Tang. Both sides of the, Atlantic; in the yeStern Atlantic from Bermuda and Massachusetts to Rio de Janeiro and the north- eastern and southwesterri Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Acanthui*us coeruleus Bloch and Schneider-Blue tang. Bermuda and New York to Rio de Janeiro and the northeastern and southwestern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Acanthurus bahianus Castelnau-Ocean tang. Bermuda and Massachusetts to Bahia, .Brazil,' and the southwestern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Acanthurus randatti Briggs and Caldwell-Randall's tang. Northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. 182. Family Uranoscopidae-Stargazers Astroscopus Y-graecum (Cuvier)-Southern stargazer. North Carolina to Santos, Brazil, and the northern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. 0 Ekecestides egregius Jordan ind Thompson. Southeastern imd western Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Gnathagnus Zaticeps (Longley and Hildabrand). Florida Keys to the north- eastern Gulf of Mexic6. Shore. Kathetostoma albigutta (Bean). Throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. 138. Family Dactyloscopidae-Sand stargazers Dactyloscopus tridigitatus Gill-Surf gazer. Bermuda and eastern Gulf of Mexico to Natal, Brazil. Shore. Giltellus grevae Kanazawa. Bermuda and Tortugas, Florida to Cuba. Shore. Gineltus semicinctus Gilbert. Both coasts of tpopical. America; in the western Atlantic from the northeastern Gulf Of Mexico to the Florida Keys. Shore. Gillellus rubrocinctus Longley. Tortugas, Florida to the Lesser Antilles. Shore. 134. Family Gempylidae-Snake mackerels ' Promethichthys' proiketheus (Cuvier). Atlantic and western Pacific Oceans; in the western Atlantic from Bermuda to the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Bathypelagic. Nesiarchus namitus Johnson. Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from Nova Scotia to southern Florida. Pelagic. Ruvettus pretiosus Cocco-Escolar. Worldwide in distributi6n; in the western Atlantic from Newfoundland and Bermuda to Brazil and the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Bathypelagic. Nealotus tripes Johnson. Both sides of the Atlantic and the western Pacific; in the we5tern Atlantic from Maryland and Bermuda to the northeastern and western Gulf of Mexico. Bathypplagic. 286 BULLETIN FLORIDA STATE MUSEUM Vol. 2 Gempt/lus serpens Cuvier-Snake mackerel. Worldwide in tropical waters; in the western Atlantic from New York to Colombia and the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Bathypelagic. Epinnula magistratis Poey. Western Atlaniic and western Pacific; in the Atlantic from the northern Gulf of Mexico to Cuba and the Caribbean. Bathypelagic. - Epinnula orientatis americana Grey. Nortlieastern Gulf of Mexico to Cuba. Bathypelagic. 185. Family Trichiuridae-Cutlass fishes Benthodesmus tenuis (Gunther). Atlantic, Indian, and western Pacific Oceans; in the western Atlantic from New Jersey to the northern and eastern Gulf of Mexico. Bathypelagic. Benthodesmus simonyi (Steindachner). Both sides of the Atlantic and the eastern Pacific; in the western Atlantic from Newfoundland to the northwestern Gulf of Mexico. Bathypelagic. Trichiurus Zepturus Linnaeus-Cutlass fish. Atlantic, Indian, and western Pacific Oceans; in the western Atlantic from Massachusetts to Argentina and through- out the Gulf of Mexico. Pelagid. - 186, Family Scombridae-Mackerels Acahthocubium solanderi (Cuvier)-Wahoo. Worldwide in tropical waters; in the western Atlantic from New Jersey and Bermuda to Colombia and through- out the Gulf of Mexico. Pelagic. Auxis thazard (Lacdpdde)-Frigate mackerel Worldwide in tropical waters; in the western Atlahtic from Bermuda and Massachusetts to Colombia and throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Pelagic. Katst,wonus pelamis (Linnaeus)-Ocean bonito. Worldwide in tropical waters; in the western Atlantic from t~e Gulf of Maine to Rio de Janeiro and through- out the Gulf of Mexico. Pelagic. Euth!/nnus alletteratus (Rafinesque)-Little tuna. B6th sides of the Atlantic; in the Western Atlantic from Bermuda and the Gulf of Maine to Ilha Victoria, Brazil, and the northern and eastern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Thunnus thynnus thi/nnus (Linnaeus)-Bluefin tuna. Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from Newfoundland and Berrnuda to C6lombia and th6 northeastern Gulf Of Mexico. Pelagic. , Thunnus obesus Lowe-Bigeye tuna. Worldwide in tropical waters; in the western Atlantic from southern Florida to Hispaniola. Pelagic. Thunnus alalunga (Gmelin)-Albacore Worldwide in distribution; in the western Atlantic from New Jersey to the Lesser Antilles. Pelagic. Thunnus attanticus (Lesson)-Blackfin tuna. Bermuda and Massachusetts to Brazil and throughout the gulf of Mexico. Pelagic. Thunnus atbacares subulatus (Poey)-Yellowfin tuna. Bermuda and New York to the West Indies and the northeastern and southwestern Gulf of Mexico. Pelagic. ' Scomber colias Gmelin-Chub mackerel. Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from Nova Scotia and Bermuda to Ilha Rosa, Brazil, and the northern Gulf of Mexico. Pelagic. Scomberomorus macutatus (Mitchill)-Spanish mackerel. Both sides of. the At- lantic and the eastern Pacific; in the western Atlantic from Maine and Ber- muda to Santos, Brazil, and the northern Gulf of Mexico. Pelagic. 1958 BRIGGS: FLORIDA FISHES 287 Scomberomorus regals (Bloch)-Cero. Massachusetts to Rio de Janeiro and the western Gulf of Mexico. Pelagic. . Scomberomorus cat>alla (Cuvier)-Kingfish. Gulf of Maine to Rio de Janeiro and throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Pelagic. Sarda sarda (Bloch)-Atlantic b6nito. Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from Nova Scotia to Argentina (88' S.) and. the western Gulf of Mexico. Pelagic. 187. Family Luvaridae-Louvars Luuarus imperialis Rafinesque-Louvar. Both sides of the ktlantic and the eastern Pacific; in the -western Atlantic fr6m Connecticut to the eastern Gulf of Mexico near the Florida Keys, Pelagic. , 188. Family Xiphiidae-Swordfshes Xiphids gladius Linnaeus-Swordfish. Worldwide in tropical and temperate waters; in the western Atlantic from Newfouadland and Bermuda to Argen- tina (88' S.)· and the northeastern and western Gulf of Mexico. Pelagic. 189. Family Istiophoridae-Spearfishes , Makaira anpla ampla (Poey)-Atlantic blue marlin. Both sides of the. Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from Massachusetts to Uruguay, and widespread in the Gulf of Mexico. Pelagic. Makaira albida (Poey)-White marlin. Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from Nova Scotia to Brazil, and wideswead in the Gulf of Mexico. Pelagic. Tetrapturus ' beloni ' Rafinesquer-Sp.earfish. Both side5 of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from southern Florida. Pelagic. Istiophorus americanus (Cuvier)-Atlantic sailfish. Rhode Island to Brazil and throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Pelagic. 140. Family Eleotridae-Sleepers Dormitator maculatus (Bloch)-Fat sleeper. North Carolina to Rio de Janeiro, and in tributaries on all sides ·of the Gulf of Mexico. Euryhaline. Eleotris pisonis (Gmelin)-Slender sleeper. Bermuda and South Carolina to Rio de Janeiro, and in tributaries On all sides of,the Gulf of Mexicio. Euryhaline. Eleotris ambl!/opsis (Cope): South Carblina to Dutch Guiana. Euryhaline. Eviota personata Jordan and Thompson-Bronzehead goby. Bermuda and the Florida Keys. Shore. Cobiomorus dormitor Lac6pdde-Sleeper. Southern Florida to Dutch Guiana and the western Gulf of Mexico. Euryhaline. Erotelis smaragdus smaragdus (Valenciennes).-Emerald goby. Florida Keys to Natal, Brazil. Shore. Efotelia smaragdus ciuitatum Ginsburg. Northern coast of the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Ioglossus calliurus'Bean-Pensacola goby. North· Carolina to the eastern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. 141. Family Gobiidae-Gobies Barbulifer ciuthoecus (Jordan and Gilbert). Florida Keys. Shore. Bathygobius curacao curacao (Metzelaar). Tortugas, Florida to the Lesser An- tilles and west to Paijama. Shore. 288 BULLETIN FLORIDA STATE MUSEUM Vol. 2 Bath!/gobius curacao lepidopomd Ginsburg. Vicinity of Key West, Florida. Shore. Bath{/gobius soporator soporator (Valenciennes). Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from the Bahamas and the Florida Keys to Santos, Brazil, and west to Yucattin, Shore. Bathygobius soporator catulus (Girard)-Mapo. North Carolina to Florida and the northern Gulf of Mexico. Euryhaline. BoUmannia boqueronensis Evermann and Marsh. Tortugas, Florida to Puerto ' Rico. Shore. Bollmannia feannae Fowler. Key West. Shore. Awaous tdiasica (Lichtenstein)-River goby. Florida to Bahia, Brazil, and the southwestern Gulf of Mexico. Euryhaline. Cor!,phopterus glaucofraenum (Gill)-Bridled goby. Bermuda and North Caro- lina to Natal, ,Brazil. Shore. Evermannichthys metzelaari Hubbs-Sponge goby. Western Florida to the Lesser Antilles. Shore. Euorthodus tyricus (Girard)-Lyre · goby. Chiesapeake Bay to Dutch Guiana and throughout the Gulf of.Mexico. Shore. Garniannia nacrodon (Beebe and Tee-Van). Southern Florida to the Lesser Antilles and the northeastern Gulf 6f Mexico. Shore. Gnatholepis thompsoni Jordan. Bermuda and Tortugas, Florida to the West Indies and the southwestern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Gobionellus stigmaturus (Goode and Bean)-Spottail goby Bermuda to the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Shore.' Gobionellw shufeldti (Jordan and Evermann)-Freshwater goby. North Caro- lina to Florida and the northern Gulf of Mexico. Euryhaline. Gobiondlus stigmaticus (Poey) Northeastern Gulf of Mexico to Rio de Janeiro, Shore. Gobionellus boleosbma (Jordan and Gilbert)-Darter goby, North Carolina to Natal, Brazil, and the northerh Gulf of Mexico. Eufyhaline. Gobionetlus smaragdus (Valenciennes). South Carolina to Rio de Janeiro. Shore. Gobionellus oceanicus (Pallas). North Carolina to Brazil. Shore. Gobionellus gracinimus Ginsburg. Northeastern Florida to the northern Gulf of Mexico.. Euryhaline. Gobionellus hastatus Girard-Sharptail goby. North Carolina to Florida and throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Euryhaline. Gobiosoma 'bosci (Lac6pdde)-Naked goby. Massachusetts to Hispaniola and throughout the Gulf of Mexico south to Tampico, Mexico. Euryhaline. Gobiosoma horati Metzelaar. Tortugas, Florida to the Lesser.Antilles. Shore. Gobiosoma Zongum Nichols. Bermuda, and Key West, Florida to the Lesser Antilles. Shore. Gobiosoma .oce~nops (Jorda'n)-Neon gol*, Florida Kexs to the southwestern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Gobiosoma robustum Ginsburg-Robust goby. Southeastern Florida to Bahia, Brazil, and across the northern Gulf of Mexico. Euryhaline. Gobiosoma Zongipala Ginsburg. Boca Grande, Florida. Shore. Gobulus mversi Ginsburg-Myer's goby. Northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Lophogobius c!/prinoides (Pallas)-Crested goby. Bermuda and southern Florida to Hispaniola and west to Panama. Euryhaline. Microgobius carri Fowler-Carr's goby. Southwestern Florida. Shore. 1958 BRIGGS: FLORIDAFISHES 289 Microgobius gulosus (Girard)-Largemouth goby. Northeastern Florida to the eastern and northern Gulf of Mexico. Euryhaline. Microgobius microlepis Longley and Hildebrand. Tortugas, Florida. Shore. Microgobius thalassinus (Jordan and Gilbert)-Green goby. Sbuth. Carolina to Florida and the northern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Rhinogobius eigenmanni (Carman). Vicinity of Key West, Florida. Shore. Risor ruber (Rosen). Tortugas, Florida to the Lesser Antilles. Shore. Gobioides broussonneti Lacdpdde-=Barreto. Southeastern Florida to Rio de Janeiso and the northern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. 142. Family Callionymidae-Dragonets Callionymus agassizi Goode and Bean. Eastern Gulf of Mexico to the Borthern Caribbean. Shore. Callionymus himantophorus Goode and.Bean. Geofgia to the Lesser Antilles and the northern and eastern Gulf of Mexico. Benthic. Callionymus bairdi Jordan-Baird's dragonet. Eastern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Callionymus boekei Metzelaar. Bermuda and sdilthern Florida to the Lesser Antilles. Shore. Callionymus calliurus. Eigenmann-and, Eigenmann (includes C. floridae Fowler)- Spotted dragonet. Key West, Florida. Shore. 143: Family Opisthognathidae-Jaw fishes Lonchopisthus micrognathus (Poey). Florida Keys to Cuba and the eastern and southwestern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Opiathognathus aunfrons (Jordan and Thompson)-Blue jawfish. Bahamas to - the Florida Keys. Shore. Opiathognathus fasciatum Longley, Tortugas, Florida, Shore. Opisthognathus macrognathus Poey. Northeastern and southwestern Gulf of Mexico to Cuba. Shore. Opisthognatlius. maxillosus Pdey. Bahamas and the F.lorida Keys t6 Cuba. Shore. Opisthognathus.whitehursti (Longley). Bahamas to the Florida Keys. Shore. ' Opisthognathus Zonchurus Jordan and Gilbert. Northeastern Gulf of Mexico to Hispaniola. Shore. 144. Family Blenniidae-Blennies Blennius cristatus Lidnaeus-Molly miller: Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from Bermuda and southern Florida to Pernambuco, Brazil, and throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Blennius mannoreus Poey. New York to Venezuela and the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Blennius pilicomis Cuvier-Horned blenny. Tortugas, Florida to Rio de Janeiro. Shore. Blennius nichotsi Tavolga (inclddes Seniablennius gallowayi Fowler). North- eastern to southwestern Florida. Shore. Chaenopsis ocellata.Poey. Southeastern Florida to Cuba. Shore. Chasmodes bosquiant,s (Lac6pdde)-Striped blenny. New York to Florida and the northern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Chasmodh saburrae Jordan and Gilbert-Gulf blenny. Northern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Chasmodes novemlineatus (Wood)-Lined blenny. South Carolina to Florida. Shore. 290 BULLETIN FLORIDA STATE MUSEUM Vol. 2 H!/pleurochilus bermudensis Beebe and Tee-Van-Bermuda blenny. Bermuda, to Tortugas, Florida, and the northeaStern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Hypieurochilus geminatus (Wood)--Crested blenny. North Carolina to Rio de Janeiro and 'the northern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. HI/psoblennius hentzi (Lesueur)-Carolina blenny. New J6rsey to F16rida and throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. - Hypsoblennius ianthas (Jordan and Gilbert)-Freckled blenny. South Carolina to Florida and the northern Gulf of Mexico. ShoFe. Rupiscartes atldnticus (Valenciennes)-Rock skipper. Both sides of the Atlantic and the eastern Pacific; in the western Atlantic from southern Florida. to Macpi6, Brazil, and the northwestern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Salarichthys textitis (Quoy and Gaimard)-West Indian blenny. Bermuda and southern Florida to Pernambuco, Brazil, Ascension Island, and the south- western Gulf of Mexico. Shore. 146. Family Clinidae-Klipfishes Acanthemblemaria aspera (Longley). Tortugas, Florida to Haiti. Shore. Acanthemblemaria ergthrops (Fowler). American Shoals, Florida. Shore. Acanthemblemaria spinosa Metzelaar. Tortugas, Florida to the Lesser Antilles. Shore. Emble,naria attantica Jordan and Evermann-Banner b16fmy. Northeastern Gulf of Mexico to Rio de Janeiro. Shore. Emblemaria pandionib Evermann and Marsh. Tortugas, Florida to Puerto Ric6. Shore. Emblemaria piratula Ginsburg and Reid. Northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Emblemariopsis diaphana Longley. Tortugas, Florida. Shore. Hemiemblemaria simulus Longley and Hildebrand. Tortugas, Florida. Shore. Stathmonotus staliti tekla Nichols. Bahamas and T6rtugas, Florida to Nicaragua. Shore. Stathmonotus hemphilli Bean. Southern Florida to the Lesser Antilles. Shore. Enneaptert,gius fordani (Evermann and Marsh). Tortugas, Florida to Puerto ' Rico and the southwestern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Enneapterygius pectorah Fowler. Southwestern Florida. Shore. Labrisomus nigricindus Rivero. Tortugas, Florida to the Barbados. Shore. Labrisomus haitiensis Beebe and Tee-Van. Bahamas and Tortugas, Florida to Haiti and the eastern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Labrisomus kalisherae (Jordan). Tortugas, Florida t6 the Lesser Antilles and west to British Honduras. Shore. Labrisomus nuchipinnis (Quoy and Gaimard)-Hairy klipfish. Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from Bermuda and northeastern Florida to Rio de Janeiro and the western Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Malacoctenus sp. Tortugas, Florida to the Lesser Antilles and west to Campeche, Mexico. Shore. Malacoctenus macropus (Poey). Bermuda and the Florida Keys to Puerto Rico ~ and the southwestern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Malacoctenus sp. Tortugas, Florida to Fernando cle Noronha, Brazil, and west to Veracruz, Mexico. Shore. Paractinus marmoratus (Steindachner)-Marbled klipfish. East~rn Gulf of Mexico. Shore. 1958 BRIGGS: FLORIDA FISHES 291 Paraclinus nigripinnis (Steindachner)-Blackfin klipfish. Bermuda and the Flor- ida Keys to Brazil, Shore. Paractinus grandicomis (Rosen)-Crested klipfsh.- Bahamas and southern Florida to the Lesser Antilles. Shore. Paractinus cingulatus (Evermann and Marsh). Bahamas and Tortugas, Florida to Puerto Rico. Shore. Paraclinus fasciatus (Steindachner)-Banded klipfish. Bahamas and northeastern GuH of Mexico to Venezuela, and west to Guatemala. Shore. Stafksia ocellatus (Steindachner). Bahamas and southwestern Florida to Macei6, Brazil. Shore. 146. .Family Microdesmidae Microdennus floridanus (Longley). Florida Keys. Shore. 147. Family Brutulidae-Brofulas Aphyonus. mollis Goode and Bean, Southeastern Gulf of Mexico off Tortugas, Florida. Benthic. Barathronus bicolor Goode and Bean. Tortugas, Florida to the Lesser Antilies. Benthic. Bassozetus compressus (Gunther). Atlantic and western Pacific Oceans; in the western Atlantic from the Gulf of Mexico. Benthic. Bassozetus nornibb Gill. New Jersey to the Lesser Antilles and the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Benthic. Brotula barbata (Bloch and Schneider). Bermuda and the Florida Keys to Jamaica and throughout the Gulf Mexico. Shore. Dicrolene intronigra Goode and Bean. Both sides of the Atlantic, in the western ' Atlantic ·from Massachusetts to the Lesser Antilles and the northern Gulf of Mexico. Benthic. Dinematiolithys cavorum (Evermahn and Kendall)-Brotula. Bermuda and the Florida Keys to Panama. Shore. Diplacanthopoma brachysoma Gunther. Atlantic and Indian Oceans; in the western Atlantic from the northeastern Gulf of Mexico to Pernambuco, Brazil. Benthic. Neobythites gilli Goode and Bean. - Northeastern and ~ southwestern Gulf of Mexico to Pernambuco, Brazil. Benthic. Neobythites marginatus Goode and Bean. Atlantic and Indian Oceans; in the western Atlantic from near Tortugas, Florida to the Lesser Antilles and the northwestern Gulf of Mexico. Benthic. Mixonus pectoratia (Goode and Bean). Northeastern Gulf of Mexico to Dominica. Benthic. Monomitopus agassizi (Goode and Bean). Northern Gulf of Mexico to the Lesser ~ Antilles. Benthic. Porogadus subarmatus Vaillant. Both sides of the, Atlantic; in the western At- * lantic from the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Benthic. Porogadus catena (Goode and Bean). Northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Benthic. Porogadus mitest Goode and Bean. · Both sides of the Atlantic, in the western , Atlantic from off Delaware to the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Benthic.. 148. Family Ophidiidae-Cuskeels Lepophidium breviba,be (Cuvier). Throughout the Gulf of Mexico south to Brazil. Shore. 292 BULLETIN FLORIDA STATE MUSEUM Vol. 2 Lepophidium cervinum (Goode and Bean). Massachuetts to Florida and the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Lepophidium feannae Fowler. Key West, Florida. Shore. Lepophidium profundorum (Gill). Eastern Gulf of Mexico. Benthic. Lepophidium graellsi (Poey) Northeastern Gulf of Mexico to Cuba. Shore. Ophidion beani Jordan and Gilbert. Northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Otophidium holbrooki (Putnam). Northern and eastern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Otophidium omostigmum (Jordan and Gilbert). Georgia to Florida and the northeastern and southwestern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Otophidium welshi Nichols and Breder. New Jersey to Florida and the northern Gulf of Mexico. Shor6. Otophidium marginatum (DeKay). New York to Florida and the northern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. 149. Family Carapidae-Fierasfers Carapus bermudensts (Jones)-Fierasfer. Bermuda and the Florida Keys t6 the Lesser Antilles. Shore. 150. Family Nomeidae-Man-of-war fishes Psenes maculatus.Lutlcen. Both sides of' the . Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from New Jersey to the Greater Antilles. Pelagic. Psenes ct/anophrys Cuvier. Atlantic, Indian, and western Pacific Oceans; in the western Atlantic from Massachusetts to the Lesser Antilles, and widespread in the Gulf of Mexico. Pelagic. Psenes peHucidus Lutken. Atlantic and western Pacific Oceans; in the western Atlantic from New Jersey to the . northeastern and southwestern Gulf of Mexico. Bathypelagic. Psenes fegulus Poey. New Jersey to Cuba, Pelagic. Nomeus gronowi (Gmelin). Atlantic, Indian, and we5tern Pacific Oceans; in the western Atlantic from Bermuda and Massachusetts to Brazil and throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Pelagic. 151. Family Stromateidae-Harvest fishes Poronotus triacanthus (Peck)-Butterfish. Newfoundland to Florida and through- out the Gulf of Mexico. Pelagic. Pepritus alepidotus (Linnaeus)-Harvest fiSh. Maine to Florida and the north- eastern Gulf of Mexico. Pelagic. Peprilus pam (Linnamis)-Poppyfsh. New Jersey to Argentina (38'80' S.) and the northern Gulf of Mexico. Pelagic. Cubiceps melanus Ginsburg. North Carolina to Florida and the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Bathypelagic. Cubiceps nigriargenteus Ginsburg. Massachusetts, to F.lorida and the north- , eastern Gulf of Mexico. Bathypelagic. Palinurichthi,s bythites Ginsburg. Northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Pelagic. Paknurichth!/s perciformis (Mitchill). Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from Nova Scotia to the Florida ·Keys. Pelagic. 152. Family Tetragonuridae-Squaretails Tetragonurus attanticus Lowe-Squaretail. Worldwide in tropical waters; in the western Atlantic from New York to Panama and the eastern Gulf of Mexico. Pelagic. 1958 BRIGGS: FLORIDA FISHES 298 158. Family Sphyraenidae-Barracudas Sph{,raena barracuda (Walbaum)-Great barracuda. Both sides of the Atlantic and the western Pacific; in the western Atlantic from Bermuda and Massa- chusetts to Rio de Janeiro, and widespread in the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Sphyraena boreatis DeKay-Northern barracuda. Bermuda and Massachusetts to Panama and the northcentral Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Sphyraena guachancho Cuvier-Senet. Both sides. of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from Massachusetts to Colombia and throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Sphymeha picudilla Poey-Picudilla. Bermuda and T6rtugas, Florida to Argen- tina (8% S.) and the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. 154. Family Mugilidae-Mullets Mugil cure,na Valenciennes-White mullet. Both sides of the Atlantic and the eastern Pacific; in the western Atlantic from Bermuda and Massachusetts to Santos, Brazil, and widespread in the Gulf of Mexico. Euryhaline. Mugil liza Valenciennes-Liza. Bermuda and southern Florida to Argentina. Sh6re. Mugit cephalus Linnaeus-Striped mullet. Worldwide in tropical waters; in the western Atlantic from Nova Scotia and Bermuda to Santos, Brazil, and - throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Euryhaline. Mugil gai*iardianus (Desmarest)-Redeye mullet. Florida Keys to Cuba. Shdre. Mugil trichodon (Poey)-Fantail mullet. Bermuda and southern Florida to Natal, Brazil, and the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Euryhaline. Agonostomus monticola (Bancroft)-Mountain mullet. Both, coasts of tropical America; in the western Atlantic from eastern Florida to Colombia and the northcentral and eastern Gulf of Mexico. Euryhaline. 155. Family Atherinidae-Silversides Membras martinica laciniata (Swain)-Rough silverside. New York to eastern. Florida. Euryhaline. Memb,as martinica vagrans (Goode and Bean). Gulf coast from northwestern Florida to Tampico. Euryhaline. - Allanetta hafringtonensis araea (Jordan and Gilbert). Florida Keys to Colombia and the southwestern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Atherinomorus stipes (Muller and Troschel). Southeastern Florida to Brazil and the southwestern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Labidesthes sicculus (Cope)-Brook silverside. Great Lakes region and New York to the southern tip of Florida and westward to Oklahoma and Texas. Euryhaline. Menidia menidia menidia (Linnaeus). South Carolina to south of Daytona Beach, Florida. Euryhaline. Menidia bert/llina (Cope)-Tidewafer silverside. Massachusetts to the southern _ tip of Florida and we5t to Veracruz, Mexico. Euryhaline. Menidialla conchorum (Hildebrand and Ginsburg). Key West, Florida. Shore. 156. Family Polynemidae-Threadfins Polydactylus virginious (Linnaeus)-Barbu. New Jersey and Bermuda to Uruguay and the southwestern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Polydactylus octonemus (Girard)-Threadfin. Massachusetts to Florida and throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. 294 BULLETIN FLORIDA STATE MUSEUM Vol. 2 157. Family Steinegeriidae Steinegeria rubescens Jordan and Evermann. Northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Bathypelagic. ORDER SCLEROPAREI 158. Family Scorpaenidae-Rockfishes Helicolenus dactylopterus thelmae Fowler. Massachusetts to Florida and the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Benthic. Scorpaenodes #oridae Hildebrand. Tortugas, Florida. Shore. Pontinus castor Poey. Bermuda to Cuba and the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Pontinus tongistlinis Goode and Bean. Georgia to Florida and the northern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Pontinus fathbuni Goode and Bean. New Jersey to Florida and the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Sh6re. Neomerinthe pollux (Poey). New Jersey to Cuba and the northern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Trachyscorpid cristulata (Goode and Bean), Massachusetts to Florida and the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Benthic. Scorpaena inermis Cuvier. New Jersey to the Lesser Antilles. Shore. Scorpaena calcarata Goode and Bean. Chesapeake Bay to the Lesser Antilles and the coast of Colombia, and throughout the Gulf of Mexico, Shore. scorpaenG agassizi Goode and Bean. Bermuda and North Carolina to Florida and the nortbeastern and southwestern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Scorpae,ki brasiliensis Cuvier-Brazilian scorpionfish. New Jer5ey to Rio de Janeiro and throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Scorpaena grandicomis Cuvier-Lionfish, Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from Bermuda and the Florida Keys to Bahia, Brazil. Shore. Scorpaena bergi Evermann and Marsh. New York to Puerto Rico ahil Panama and the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Scorpaend albifimbria Evermann and Marsh. Southeastern Florida to Puerto Rico. Shore. Scorpaena dispar ~Longley and Hildebrand. Widespread in the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Scorpaena plumieri plumieri Bloch-West Indian scropionfish. Bermuda and Massachusetts to Rio de Janeiro and the northwestern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Scorpaena microiepis Gunter. Southwestern Florida. Shore. Setarches parmatits Goode. New York to the Lesser Antilles and throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Benthic. 159. Family Peristediidae-Armored searobins Peristedion gracile Goode and Bean. New Jersey to Puerto Rico and the northern Gulf of Mexico. Benthic. Peristedion imberbe (Poey). Northeastern Gulf of Mexicp to Cuba. Shore. Peristedion Zodgispathum (Goode and Bean). Northern Gulf of Mexico to the Lesser Antilles. Benthic. Peristedion miniatum Goode. New Jersey to Florida and the northern,Gulf of · Mexico. Benthic. Peristedion plat!/cepht,Ium (Goode and Bean), Northeastern Gulf of Mexico to the Lesser Antilles. Benthic. 1958 BRIGGS: FLORIDA FISHES 295 Peristedion spiniger Longley and Hildebrand. Florida Keys. Benthic. Peristedion taeniopterum Fowler. Florida Keys. Shore. Peristedion thompsoni Fowler. Florida Keys. Shore. Peristedion maoginti/i Fowler. Florida Keys. Shore. 160. Family Triglidae-Searobins Prionotus stearnsi Jordap and Swain-Stearn's searobin. Throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Prionotus du@ans (Linnaeus)-Striped searobin. Massachusetts to Florida. Shore. Prionbtus carolimis (Linnaeus)-Carolina searobin. Nova Scotia to Venezuela. Shore. Prionotus scitulus scitulus Jordan and Gilbert. North Carolina to Venezuela. Shore. Prionotus scitulus latifrons Ginsburg. Widespread in the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Prionotus martis Ginsburg. Widespread in the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Prionotus roseus Jordan and Evermann-Rosy searobin. North Carolina to Puerto - Rico, and widespread in the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Prionotus microtepis Longley and Hildebrand. East coast of Florida to Vene- zuela. Shore. Prionotus ophr!/as Jordan and Swain. Widespread in the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Prionotus drisescens Teagu6. East c6a5t of F16rida to the northeastern Gulf of · Mexico. Shore. Prionotus rubio Jordan. Widespread in the Gulf of Mexico and south to Cuba. Shore. , Prionotus punctatus (Bloch). .Georgia' to Argentina (88' S.) and the northern Gulf. of Maxico. Shore. Prionotus pectoratis Nichols and. Breder. North Carolina to Florida and through- out the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Friohotus tribulus tribulus Cuvier-Southern searobin. North Carolina to Flor- ida; a questionable record from New York. Shore. Pri6not.us tribulus crassiceps Ginsburg. Throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Prionottis beani. Good-Bean's searobin. Nprtheastern Gulf of Mexico to Rio ~ de Janeiro. Shore. Prionotus paralatus Ginsburg. Widespread in the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Prionottis alatus Goode and Bean. North Carolina to Florida and throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Prionotus salinonicolor Fowler. Southern Florida. Shore. ' Prionotus vanderbilti Teague. Southeastern Florida. Shore. , Bellator egretta (Goode and Bean). North Carolina to the Lesser Antilles and to the northeastern and southwestern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Bellator brach!/chir (Regan), South Carolina to Cabo Frio, Brazil, and the north- eastern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Bellator militaris (Goode and Bean). North Carolina to Florida and throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. 161. Family Dactylopteridae-Flying gurnards Dactylopterus volitans (Linnaeus)-Flying gurnard. Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from Bermuda and Massachusetts t6 Argentina (42'30' S.) and the northeastern and southwestern Gulf of Mexico, Shore. 296 BULLETIN FLORIDA STATE MUSEUM Vol. 2 162. Family Cottidae-Sculpins Hemitripterus americanus (Gmelin)-Sea ravin. Labrador to Tortugas, Florida. Shore. ORDER HAPLODOCI 163. Family Batrachoididae-Toadfishes Opsanus vandeusent Fowler. Sand Key, Florida. Shore. Opsantis tau (Linnaeus). Maine to, Florida. Shore. Opsanus beta (Goode and Bean)-Gulf toadfish. Florida to the West Indies and throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Opsanus pardus (Goode and Bean). Northeastern to the northcentral Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Nautopaedium porosissimum (Valenciennes)-MidBhipman. Virginia to Argen- tina (39' S.) and throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. ORDER XENOPTERYGII 164. Family Gobiesocidai-Clingfishes Gobiesox strumosus Cope-Clingflsh, Bermuda and New Jersey t6 Santos, Brazil, and throughout the Gulf of Mexic6. Shore. Acyrtops bert/llinus (Hildebrand and Ginsburg)-Clingfish, Southeastern Florida to Cuba. Shore. ORDER HETEROSOMATA 165. Family Bothidae-Lefteye flounders Ancylopsetta dilecta (Goode and Bean). South Carolina to Florida and the north- ern Gulf of. Mexico. Shore. , Ancylopsetta quadrocellata Gill-Foureye fiounder. South Carolina to Florida and throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Bothus lunatus (Linnaeus)-Peacock flounder. Bermuda and the Florida.Keys to Fernando de Noronha, Brazil, and west to Yucatdn. Shore. Bothus ocabitus (Agassiz). Bermuda and New York to Rio de Janeiro and the northeastern and southwestern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Citharichthys arctifrona Goode. Massachusetts t6 Florida and the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. ~ , Citharichthys rimosus Goode and Bean. South Carolina to Florida and the north- eastern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Citharichthys microstomus. Gill. Massachusetts to Argentina (86'48' S.) and the northeastern and northcentral Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Citharichthys atlqnticus Parr, Chesapeake Bay to the West Indies and through- out the Gulf of Mexico: Shore: Cithanchthys comutus (Gunther). New England to Brazil and throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Citharichthys macrops Dresel. Throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Euryhaline. Citharichthys spilopterus Gunther. New Jersey t6 Santos, Brazil, and throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Euryhaline. Cuctopsetta chitiendeni Bean. Northern and southwestern Gulf of Mexico to the Lesser Antilles. Shore. Cyclopsetta fimbnata (Goode and Bean). - Throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Engyophrys sentus Ginsburg. Throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Gastropsetta frontalis Bean. Eastern and southwestern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. 1958 BRIGGS: FLORIDA FISHES 297 Monolene antillarum Norman. Northeastern and northcentral Gulf of Mexico to the Lesser Antilles. Benthic. Monolene sessilicauda Goode. New Jersey to the Lesser Antilles and the north- eastern Gulf of Mexico. Benthic. Paralichthys albigutta Jordan and Gilbert-Sand flounder. North Carolina to Florida and the northern Gulf of Mexico. Euryhaline. Paratichthys dkniatus (Isinnaeus)-Summer flounder. .Massachusetts to Florida and the northern Gulf of Mexico. Euryhaline. Paratichthys lethostigmus Jordan and Gilbert-Southern large flounder. North. Carolina to Florida and the n6rthern Glilf of Mexico. Euryhaline. Paratichthgs squamilentus Jordan and Gilbert-Broad flounder. Northern and eastern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Hippoglossina oblonga (Mitchill)-Fourspot flounder. Massachusetts to Tortugas, Florida. Shore. Scophthalmus aquosus (Mitchill). Nova Scotia t6 Florida and the northwestern Gulf of Mexico. Shofa. St/acium gunteri Ginsburg. Throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Syacium papiUosum (Linnaeus). Bdmuda and South Carolina to Rio de Janeiro and Ascension Island, and throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Syacium micrurum Ranzani. Both sides of the Atlantic, in the western Atlantic from Bermuda and the Florida Keys to Rio de Janeiro and the noftheastern and.southwestern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Trichopsetta uentralis (Goode and .Bean)., Throughout the Gulf of Mexico. 'Shore. 166. Family Pleuronectidae-Righteyed flounders Poecilopsetta beani (Goode). New England to Florida and throughout the Gulf ~ of Mexico. Benthic. Poecilopsetta inermis (Breder). Vicinity of Tortugas, Florida to British Honduras. Benthic. 167. Family Soleidae-Soles ' Achirus acl:irus (Linnaeus). Northern and eastern Gulf of Mexico to Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Shore. Achirus comifer Jordan and Gilbert. Key West, Florida. Shore. Athirus inscriptus Gosse. F16rida Keys to Hispaniola and Jamaica. Shore. Achirus lineatus (Linnaeus). Florida to Uruguay, and widespread in the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Gymnachirus williainsoni (Gunter). Georgia to Florida and 'the northeastern and southwestern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Gymnachrius fasciatus Gunther. Florida Keys to the West Indies. Shore. Gymnachirus nudus Kaup. Massachusetts to Bahia, Brazil. Shore. Trinectes maculatus fasciatus (Lacdpdde)-Hogchoker. North Carolina to Panama and the northern Gulf of Mexico. Euryhaline. 168. Family Cynoglossidae-Tongue soles St,mphurus civitattia Ginsburg. North Cardlina to Florida, and widespread in the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. , Symphurus diomedianus (Goode and Bean) North Carolina to Brazil, and wide- spread in the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Symphurus nwrginatus (Goode and Bean). New Jersey to the Lessdr Antilles - and the northern Gulf of Mexico. Benthic. 298 BULLETIN FLORIDA STATE MUSEUM Vol. 2 St/mphurus minor Ginsburg. Nova Scotia to Florida and the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Symphurus parous Ginsburg, Southern Florida. Shore. Sumphurus piger (Goode and Bean). Northern and eastern Gulf of Mexico to the Lesser Antilles. Shore. Symphurus pelicanus Ginsburg. Northern and southwestern Gulf of Mexico to Trinidad. Shore. Sumphurus plagiusa (Linnaeus). New York to Argentina (40' S.) and the northern Gulf of Mekico. Euryhaline. Symphurus urospitus Ginsburg. Georgia to Florida and the northeastern and southwestern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Symphurus nebulosus (Goode and Bean), New York to northeastern Florida. Benthic. ORDER DISCOCEPHALI 169. Family Echeneidae-Remoras Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus-Shark sucker. Atlantic, Indian, and western Pacific Oceans; in the western Atlantic from Nova Scotia and Bermuda to Macei6, Brazil, and throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Euryhaline. Remora remora (Linnaeus)-Remora. Worldwide in tropical waters; in the western Atlantic from Bermuda anct Massachusetts to Argentina (38' S.), and wide- spread in the Gulf of Mexico. Pelagic. Phtheifichthys lineatus (Menzies). W6rldwide in tropical Waters; in the western Atlantic from South Carolina to Colombia and the northeastern, northeentral, ' and southwestern Gulf of Mexico. Pelagic. Remoropsts .brach!/ptera (Lowe)-Swordfish sucker. Worldivide in tropical waters; in the western Atlantic from Mallie to Brazil. Pelagic. Rhombochinis osteochir (Cuvier)-Spearflsh remora. Both sides of tropical Amer- ica; in the western Atlantic ffom Massachuetts to Cuba abd the, northern Gulf of Mexico. Pelagic. ORDER PLECTOGNATHI 170. Family Triacanthidae Paraholkirdia lineatus (Longley). Virginia to the northern and eastern Gulf of Mexico. Shore, . 171. Family Balistidae-Triggerfishes Balistes capriscus Gmelin-Triggerfish, Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from Nova Scotia and Bermuda to Argentina (85'80' S.) and through- out the Gulf of Mexico. Shore- Balistes vetula Linnaeaus-Queen triggerfish. Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from Massachusetts to Santos, Brazil, and the northern and eastern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Nemgtobalistes forcipatus (Gmelin)-Spotted triggerfish. Both sides of the At- lantic; in the western Atlantic from Rhode Island to Brazil. Shore: Canthidermis su#lamen (Mitchill). Georgia to the Bahamas and Cuba, Shore. Canthidermis sobaco (Poey)-Ocean triggerfish. Massachusetts to the Lesser Antilles and the northcentral and western Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Canthidermis maculatus (Bloch). Atlantic and western Pacific ~ Oceans; in the western Atlantic from Bermuda and- northeastern Florida to Panama and the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. 1958 BRIGGS: FLORIDA FISHES 299 Metichthys radula (Solander)-Black triggerfish. Atlantic, Indian, and western · ~ Pacific Oceans, and certain offshore islands of the eastern Pacific; in the western Atlantic from the Florida Keys to Fernando de Noronha, Brazil. Shore. ' Xahthichthys ringens (Linnaeus)-Redtail triggerfish. Both sides of the Atlantic, and the Indian Ocean; in the western Atlantic from South Cirolina and Ber- muda to the Lesser Antilles. Sh]ore. 172, Family Aluteridae-*ilefshes Alutera monoceros (Osbeck)-Unicom. filefish. Atlantic, indiaa, and western Pacific Oceans; in the western Atlantic from Bermudaand Massachusett5 to Ilha Grande, Brazil. Shore. Alutera guentheriana Poey. Massachusetts to Colombia. Shore. Alutera schoepji (Walbaum)-Orange filefish. Nova Scotia.and Bennuda to Bahia, Brazil, and throughout the Gulf of Mexic6. Shore. ' Alutefa scripta (Osbeck)-Longtail Blefish. Worldwide in tropical waters; in the western Atlantic ffom Massachusetts to Brazil and the northern Grilf of Mexico. Shore. \ Alutera uentralis Longley. Southern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Cantherines pullus. (Ranzani)-Orangespotted filefish. Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from Bermuda. and, southern Florida to 'Rio de Janeiro and the northern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Monacanthus ciliattis (Mitchifl)-Leather fish. Both sides. of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from Newfoundland and Bermuda to Argentina, and widespread in the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Monaganthus tuckeri Bean. Bermuda, and Tortugas, ' Florida to Hispaniola. Shore. Stephandepis hispidus (Linnaeus)-Common Blefish: Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western.Atlantic frok Nova Scotia and Bermuda to Santoss Brazil, and ' throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Stephanotepis spilonotus (Cope). Southeastern Gulf of Mexico near Tortugas, - Florida. Shore. Stephanolepis setifer (Bennett). N6rth Carolina to the Lesser Antilles: Shore. 173: Family Ostraciidae-Trunkfishes Acanthostracion quadricornis (Linnaeus)-Cowfish. Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from Bermuda and Massachusetts to Rio de Janeiro, and widespread in the Gulf of Mexied. Shore. Lactophy!/s trigonus (Linnaeus)-Trunkfish. Bermuda and Massachusetts to Bahia, Brazil, and the northern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. - Rhinesomus bicaudatfs (LinnaeuS)-Spotted trunkfish. Florida. Keys to. Para, Brazil, Ascension Island, and, the southwestern Gulf of Mexico.. Shore. Rhinesomus triqueter (Linnaeus)-Smooth trunkfish. Bermuda and Massachusetts to Rio de Janeiro and ·the northern Gulf of Mexigo· Shore. 174. Family Tetraodontidae--P.uffers Lagocephalus laevigatus (Linnaeus)-Smooth puffer.. Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from Massachusetts to Argentina (88' S.) and through- out the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Lagocephalus pach!/cephalus (Ranzani)-Elongate puffer. Bermuda and Massa- chusetts to Brazil and the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. 800 BULLETIN FLORIDA STATE MUSEUM V61. 2 Sphaeroides cutaneus (Gunther)-Smooth puffer. Both sides of the Atlantic, in the i,vestern Atlantic from New Jersey to the northeastern Gulf of Mexico, Shore. Sphaeroides dorsatis Longley. Eastern and south*estern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Sphaeroides harperi Nichols. Northeastern Gulf of Mexico.to the Lesser Antilles. Shore. Sphderoides maculatus (Bloch and Schneider)-Northern puffer. Nova Scotia to Florida and the northern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Sphaeroides· nephelus (Goode and Bean)-Florida puffer. Southeastern Florida and throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Sphaeroides spengleri (Bloch)-Southern puffer. Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from Bermuda and Massachusetts to Santos, Brazil, and widespread in the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Sphaeroides testudineus (Linnaeus)-Tambor. Rhode Island to Sao Francisco ·do Sul, Brazil, and widespread in the Gulf of M6xico. Shore. 175. Family Canthigasteridae-Sharpnose puffers Canthigaster rostratus (Bloch)-Sharpnose puffer. Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from, Bermuda and. the eastern. and southtestern Gui} of Mexico to Colombia. Shore: 176. Family Diodontidae-*Porcupine fishes Chilomycteruk atinga (Lindaeus)-Atinga, Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from New Jersey and Bermuda to Rio de Janeiro and the southwestern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Chilomycterus schoepfi (W'albaum)-Spiny boxilsh. Massachusetts to Rio de Janeiro and throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Chilomyceterus spinosus (Linnaeus). Northern and eastern Gulf of Mexico to Argentina (85' S.). Shore. Diadon holacanthus Linnaeus-Balloon fish. Worldwide in tropical waters; in the western Atlantic from the Florida Keys to Brazil, and west to Yucatdn. Shbre. Diodon hustrix Linnaeus-Porcupine fsh, Worldwide in tropical waters; in the western Atlantic from Massachusetts to Sadtos, Brazil, and the northern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. 177. Family Molidae-Headfishes Mola mola (Linnaeus)-Headfish. Worldwide in tropical and temperate waters; in the western Atlantic from Newfoundland to Argentina (42' S.) and the northern Gulf of Mexico. Pelagic. ' Masturus lanceolatus (Lidnard)-Sharptail headfish. Atlantic, Indian, and western Pacific Oceans, in the western Atlantic from Massachusetts to Ceark, Brazil, and the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Pelagic. Masturus oxyuropterus (Bleeker). Atlantic and. western Pacific Oceans; in the western Atlantic from North Carolina to Florida. Pelagic. ORDER PEDICULATI 178. Family Lophiidae-Frog fishes Lophius piscatorius Linnaeus-Ffog fish. Both sides of the' Atlantic; in the west- ern Atlantic from Newfoundland to Brazil and the northern and eastern Gulf of Mexico. Shore. 1958 BRIGGS: FLORIDA FISHES 801 179. Family Antennaridae-Anglers Fowlerichthys floridanus Barbour. Southern Florida. Benthic. Antennarius ocellatus (Bloch and Schneider). Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from South Carolina to Puerto Rico and throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Antennarius radiosus Carman. Bermuda to Florida, and widespread in the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Antennarius multiocellatus (Valenciennes).1 Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from Bermuda and southwestern Florida to the Lesser An- tilIes. Shore. Antennarius scaber (Cuvier). New Jersey to Rio de Janeiro and the southeastern and western Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Histrio histrio (Linnaeus)-Sargassum fish. Atlantic and western Pacific Oceans; in the western Atlantic from Bermuda and Massachusetts to Rio de Janeiro, and widespread in the Gulf of Mexico. Pelagic. , 180. Family Chaunacidae Chaunnx picttis Lowe. Both sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from Rhode Island to the Florida Keys and throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Bentjlic. 181. Family Ogcocephalidae-Batfishes Dibranthus athmticus Peters. B6th sides of the Atlantic; in the western Atlantic from Rhode Island to the Lesser Antilles and the northern and eastern Gulf of Mexico. Benthic. HaZieutichthys aculeatus (Mitchill). North Carolina to the Lesser Antilles and throughbut the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Ogcocephalgs namitus (Valenciennts). Throughout the Gulf of Mexico south to Bahia, Brazil. Shore. Ogcocephdus partus Longley and Hildebrand. Eastern and southwestern Gulf 6f Mexico. Shore. Ogcocephalus radiatus (Mitchill). North Carolina to Santos, Brazil, and the - northern and eastern Gulf of Mekico. Shore. Ogcocephalus vespertilio (Linnaeus). New York to Hispaniola, and widespread in the Gulf of Mexico. Shore. Ogcocephatus macgintui Fowler. Southeastern Florida. Shore. 182. Family Melanocetidae-Black anglers Melanocetus murravi Gunther. Atlantic, Indian, and western Pacific Oceans; in the western Atlantic from New York and Bermuda to the Caribbean and the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Bathypelagic Melanocetus iohnsoni Gunther. Worldwide in tropical waters, widespread in the western Atlantic to the southdrn Gulf of Mexico. Bathypelagic. 188. Family Oneirodidae Oneirodes bradburvae Grey-Bradbury's angler. Northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Bathypelagic. 184. Family Ceratiidae-Deepsea anglers Ceratias holboelli Kr6yer. Worldwide in tropical waters; in the western Atlantic from Nova Scotia to northern South America. Bathypelagic. Cryptopsaras couesi Gill. Worldwide in tropical waters; in the western Atlantic from New Jersey tg the southern Gulf of Mexico. Bathypelagic. 802 BULLETIN FLORIDA STATE MUSEUM Vol. 2 BIBLIOGRAPHY This bibliography will be found reasonably complete for those books and papers whidh are necessary for the identification of Florida freshwater, euryhaline, and marine shore Bshes. The student of the pelagic or deep-water fishes usually fnds a large portion of his refer- ence material in the hundreds of faunal and revisionary works which have been written for other parts of the world. An attempt to in- clude them in this list would haye greatly increased its size, but would have made it unwieldy, and thus decreased ifs usefulness. Aside from a few important worldwide .revisions, papers on the deepsea and pelagic groups have been restricted to notable contribu- tions on the Bermuda, Gulf of Mexico, and Caribbean areas. Thanks to the production of a definitive work by Carr and Coin in 1955, the problem of freshwater fish identification has become greatly simplified. Ordinarily, one need only consult this book plus the few papers which have been published since that time. There- fore, no papers are listed dealing strictly with Florida freshwater fishes which were published before 1955. Since this bibliography is intended primarily to help solve identi- ~cation problems for students, works on the systematics of genera and higher categories, checklists, and papers on distribution are generally not included. Also, with the exception of Goode and Bean's 1895 treatise on oceanic ichthyology, none of the references antedate Jordan and Evermann's 1896-1900,' "The fishes of North and middle America. Majer Works The following major faunal works form important basic reference materials. Since the majority of Florida marine species are also found in the West Indies, books which include descriptions of the fishes of this latter area are valuable sources of information. The student of Florida or western Atlantic tropical fishes should make every effort to have these works readily available. BEEBE, WILLIAM, and MHN TEE-VAN 1928. The fishes of 'Port.au-Prince Bay, Haiti. Zoologica, vol. 10, no. 1, 279 pp., illus. 1933. Field .book of the shore fishes of Bern*Ida. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 377 pp., 348 figs. BIGELOW, HENRY B., and ISABEL PEREZ FARFANTE 1948. Lancelets. In Tee-Van, John; Fishes of the western North Atlantic, New Haven: Sears Foundation, Bingham Oceanogr. Lab., pp, 1-28, 8 figs. 1958 BRIGGS: FLORIDA FISHES 803 BIGELOW, HENRY B., and WILLIAM C. SCHROEDER 1948. Cyclostomes. In Tee-Yan, John; Fishes of the western North Atlantic. New Haven: Sears F6undation, Bingham Oceanogr. Lab., pp. 29-58, figs. 4-5. 1948. Sharks. Ibid., pp. 59-576, figs. 6-106. 1954. Fishes of the western North Atlantic. Part two. Sawfishes, guitarfishes, skates, rays, chimaeroids. New Haven: Sears Foundation, Bingham Oceanogr. Lab., xv + 588 pp; 127 figs. BREI)ER, CHARLES M. 1927. Scientific results of the first oceanographic expedition of the "Pawnee" 1925. Bull. Bingham Oceanogr. Coll., vol. 1, art. 1, 88 pp., 86 figs. 1948.· Field book' of the marine fishes of the A-tlantic coast. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, xxxvii + 382 PA, text illus., 16 pls. CARR, ARCHIE, and COLEMAN J. GON 1955. Guide,to the reptiles, amphibians and fresh-water fishes of Florida. Univ. of Florida Press, ix + 841 pp., 30 figs., 67 pls. EVERMANN, BARTON W.,and MILLARD C. MARSH 1902, The fishes of Porto Rico. Bull. U.S. Fish Comm., vol. 20, pt. 1, pp. 49-850, 112 figs., ·49 pls. FOWLER, HENRY W. 1944. The fishes. In: Results of the fifth George Vanderbilt Expedition (1941). Monogr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, no. 6, pp. 57-529,264 figs., 20 pls. 1945. A study of the fishes of the southern piedmont and coastal plain. Ibid., no. 7, vi + 408 pp., 813 figs. GOODE, G. BROWN, and TARI.ETON H. BEAN 1895. Oceanic ichthyology, a treatise on.,the deepsea and pelagic Bshes of the world, based chiefly upon the collections made by the steamers Blake, Albatross, and Fish Hawk in the northwestern Atlantic. Smith- sonian Institution, Contrib. to Knowledge, no. 981, xxxv + 553 pp., 123 pls. HILDEBRAND, SAMUEL F.„ and WILLIAM C. SCHROEDER. 1928. General index to the fishes of Chesapeake Bay. Bull. U.S. Bur. Fish., vol. 48 (for 1927), p.t. 1,388 pp., 211 ·figs. JORDAN, DAVID S., and BARTON W. EVERMANN 1896-1900. The fishes of N6rth and middle America. Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., no. 47, 4 parts, ix + xxx + xxii + ci + 8313 pp., 892 pls. LONGLEY, WILLIAM H., and SAMUEL F. HILDEBRAND 1941. Systematic datalogue of the fishes, of Tortugas, Florida. Papers Tor- tugas Lab., Carnegie Inst. Washington, vol. 84, xiii + 881 pp., 84 pls. MEEK, SETH E., and SAMUEL F. HILDEBRAND 1923-1925. The marine fishes of Panama. Field Mus. Nat. Hist. publ.i no. 215, zool. ser., vol. 15, pts. 1-8, xxx + 1045 pp; 102 pls. METZELAAR, JAN 1919. Report on the fishes, collected by Dr. J. Boeke, in the Dutch West Indies, 1904-1905, with comparative notes on marine fishes of Tropical West Africa. In Boeke, J.(ed.); Rapport :. . in de Kolonie CuraQao [ete.] The Hague: Firma F. J. Belinfanti, nxiv + 815 pA, 64 figs. NICHOLS, J. T. 1929-1980. The fishes of Porto ·Rico and the Virgin Islands. New York Acad. Sci., Scientific Surv. of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands, vol. 10, pt. 2, PA 159-295; pt. 8, pp. 297-399,814 fga. 804 BULLETIN FLORIDA STATE MUSEUM Vol. 2 PARR, ALBERT E. 1930. Teleostean shore and shallow-water fishes from the Bahamas and Turks Island, Bull, Bingham Oceanogr. Coll., vol. 8, art. 4, 148 pp, 88 fgs. REGAN, C. TATE v 1906-I908. Pisces. In Godman, F. D,, and O, Salvin; Biologia Centrali- Americana. London: R. H. Porter, and Dulau and Co., Axiii + 203 p,P' 26 pls. SMmi, HuGH M. 1907. The fishes of North Carolina. North ,Carolina, Geol. Econ. Surv., vol. 2, xi + 458 pp., 188 figs., 21 pls. Other Books and Papers ARATA, G. F. 1954. A contribution to tire life history of the swordfish, Xiphias gladius Linnaeus, from the south Atlantic coast of the United States and the Gulf of Mexico. Bull. Marine Sci. Gulf and Caribbean, vol. 4, pp. 185-243, 19 figs. ARNOLD, D, C. 1956. A sy.stematic revision of the teleost family Carapidae (Percomorphi, Blennioidea), with descriptions of two new species. Bull. British Mus. (Nat. Hist.), vol. 4, no. 6, pp. 245-807,20 figs. ARNOV, BORIS 1952. A preliminary review of the western North Atlantic fishes of the genus Haemulon. Bull Marine Sci. Gulf and Caribbfan, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 414-437. BAILEY, REEVE M., and ROBERT H. GIBBS 1956. Notropis callitaenia, a new cyprinid fish from Alabama, Florida and Ge6rgia. Occas. Papers Mu5. Zool. Univ. Michigan, no. 576, pp. ·1-14, 1 pl. BAILEY, R~EVE M., and WILLIAM A. COSLINE 1955. Variation and systematic significance of vertebral counts in American fishes of the family Percidae. Misc. Publ. Mus, Zool. Univ. Michigan, no. 98, pp. 1-44,4 figs. BAILEY, REEVE M., HOWARD E. WINN, and, C. LAVETr SMrrH 1954. Fishes from the Escambia River, Alabama and Florida, with ecologic and taxonomic notes. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 106, pA 109-164. BARBOUR, THOMAS 1942. The northwestern Atlantic species of frogfishes. Proc: New England Zool. Club, vol. 19, pp. 21-40; pls. 8-17. BEAN, BARTON A.,and ALFRED C. WEED 1910. A review of the venomous toadfshes. Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus:, vol. 88, pp. 511-526, 4 pls. BEEBE, WILLIAM 1988. Deep-sea fishes of the Bermuda Oceanographic Expeditions. No. 2- Family Alepocephalidae. Zoologica, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 13-93, 25 flgs. 1988. [Same title.]No. 8-Family Argentinidae. Ibid., vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 95-147, 20 figs. 1934. [Same title.] Family Idiacahthidae. Ibid., vol. 16, no. 4, pp 149-241, 84 figs. 1958 BRIGGS: FLORIDA FISHES 805 1985: [Same title.] Family Derichthyidae. Ibid., vol. 20, no. 1, pA 1-28, 9 figs. 1985. [Same title.] Family Nessorhamphidaa Ibid., vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 25-51, 18 figs. BEEBE, WILLIAM, and JOCELYN CRANE 1986. Deep-sea fishes of the Bermuda Oceanographic Expeditions. Family Serrivomeridae. Zoologica, vol. 20, no. 8, pp. 53-102, 19 figs. 1987. [Same title.] Family Serrivomeridae, part 2. Ibid., *01. 22, no. 26, pA 381-848, 14 figs. 1937. [Same title. 1 Family Nemichthyidae. Ibid., vol. 22, pt. 4, no. 27, pA 349-888,22 figs. 1989. '[Same title.] Faniily Melanostomiatidae. Ibid., vol. 24, pt. 2, nos. 6-9, pp. 65-238, 77 figs. BERTELSEN, E. 1951. The ceratioid fishes, Dana-Report no. 89, 276 pA, 141. figs. BERTIN LEON 1984. Les poissons apodes appartenant au sous-ordre des Lyomdres. Dank- Report, no. 8, 56 pp., 47 figs., 2 pls. 1937. Les poissons abyssaux du genre Cymna Gunther. Ibid:, nd. 10, 80 pp., 24 Bgs. 1988. Formes nouvelles et formes larvaires de poissons apodes appartenant au sous-ordre des Lyom6res: Ibid., no. 15, 26 pp., 17 figs., 2 pls. BIGELOW, HENRY B., and WILLIAM C. SCHROEDER 1929. A rare bramid fish (Taractes. princeps Johnson) in the northwestern At- lahtic. Bull. Mus. COmp. Zool., vol. 69, no. 2, pp. 41-50, 1 pl 1950. New and little known cartilaginous fishes from the Atlantic. Ibid,, vol. 108, no. 7, pp 885-408,7 pls. 1954. A new family, a new genus, and two new species of batoid fishes from the Gulf of Mexico. Breviora, no. 24, pA 1-16,4 figs. BICELOW, H, B., W. C. SCHROEDER, and S. SPRINGER 1958. New and- little known sharks from the Atlantic and from the Gulf of Mexico. Bull. Mus. Comp. Z661., vol. 109, no. 8, pp. 218-276, 10 figs. 1955. Three new shark records from the Gulf of Mexico. Breviora, no. 49, pp. 1-12, 2 figs. r BOHLKE, JAMES E. 1956. A new pygmy sunfish from southern Georgia. Notulae, Naturae, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, no. 294, pp. 1-11,2. figs. BOHLKE, JAMES, and FRANK S. CLIFF , 1956. A discussion of the deep-sea eel genus Avocettinops, with notes on a newly discovered specimen. Copeia, 1956, no. 2, pp. 95-99, 1 pl. Bom,KE, JAMEs, and CARL L. HuBBs 1951. Dysommina rugosa, an apodal fish from the North Atlantic, representing a distinct family. Stanford Ichthyol. Bull., vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 7-10,1 fig. BREDER, CHARLES M. 1982. On the habits and development of certain Atlantic Synentognathi. Papers Tortugas Lab., Carnegie Inst. Washington, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 1-85/10 figs., 12 pls. - 1988. A contriBution to the life histories of Atlantic Ocean flyiAgfishes.. Bull. Bingham Oceanogr. Coll., vol. 4, art. 5, pp. 1-126,48 figs. 306 BULLETIN FLORIDA STATE MUSEUM Vol. 2 BRIGGS, JOHN C. 1952. Systematic notes on the oceanic fishes of the genus Lophotus. Copeia, 1952, no. 8, pp. 206-207,1 fig. 1955. A monograph of the clingfshes (Order Xenopterygii). Stanford Ichthyol. Bull., vol. 6, 224 pp., 114 figs. 1956. Notes on the triglid fishes of the genus Prionotus. Quart. Jour. Florida Acad. Sci., vol. 19, nos. 2-8, pp. 99-108, 2 figs. BRIGGS, JOHN C.,and DAvm K. CALDWELL , 1955. The characteristics and distribution of the 5potted cusk eel Otophidium omostigmum (Jordan and Gilbert). Quart. Jour. Florida Acad. Sci. vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 285-291, 5 figs. 1957. Acanthurus randalli a new surgeon fish from the Gulf of Mexico, Bull. Florida State Mus., vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 43-51, 5 figs. BROWN, JERRAM- L. 1957. A key to the species and subspecies of the cyprinodont genus Fundulus in the United States and Canada east of the continehtal divide. Jour. Washington Acad. Sci., vol, 47, no. 8, pp. 69-77. BRUUN, ANTON F. 1935. Flying-fishes (Exocoetidae) of the Atlantic, systematic and biological studies. Dana-Report nd. 6, 106 pp., 30 8%1, 7 pls. 1987. Contributions to the life histories of the deep sea eels: Synaphobran- chidae. Ibid., no. 9, 31 pp., 17 figs., 1 pl. CALDWELL, DAVID K. 1957. The biology and systematics of the pinfish, Lagodon rhomboides (Linnaeus). Bull. Florida State Mus., vol. 2, no. 6, pp. 7.7-178. CALDWELL, DAVID K., and JOHN C. BRIGGS 1957. Range extensions of western North Atlantic fishes with notes on some soles of the genus Gymnachirus. Bull. Florida State Mus., vol- 2. no. 1, pp. 1-11. CLANCEY, JOAN E. 1956. A contribution to the life history of the fish, Bregmaceros atiantious Goode and Bean, from the Florida current. Bull. Marine Sci. Gulf and Caribbean, vol. 6, no. 8, pp. 233-260, 8 figs. CLARK, EUGENIE 1950. Notes on the behavior and morphology of some West Indian plectognath fishes. Zoologica, vol. 85, part 8, pp. 159-168, 7 figs., 2 pls. CRAWFORD, RONALD W. 1956. A study 6f the distfibutibn and taxonomy of the. percid fish, Percina nigrofasciata (Agassiz). Tulane Studies Zool., vol 4, no. 1, pp..1-55. DELSMAN, H. C, 1941. Pisces. R6sultats scientifiques de croisares du navire-6cole Belge "Mgr- cator," vol. 3. M6moiries du Mus6e Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique, ser. 10, fasc. 21, pp. 47-82,12 Rgs. EdE, VILH. 1984. The genus Stomias Cuv., taxonomy and bio-geography. Dana-Report, no. 5, 58 pp., 12 figs., 1 pl 1948. Chaullodus Schneider, bathypelagic genus of fishes. Ibid., no. 81, 148 pp., 9 flgs., 2 pls. I958. P.aralepididae I. (Paralepis and Lestidium). Ibid., no. 40, 184 pp., 33 figs. 1958 BRIGGS: FLORIDA FISHES 307 FOWLER, HERYW. 1919. Notes on synentognathous Ashes. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol: 71, PA 2-15,4 figs. 1928. Fishes from Florida and the West Indies. Ibid:, vol. 80„ pp. 451-478. 1940. A collection of fishes obtained on the west coast 6f Florida by Mr. and Mrs, C. G. Chaplin. Ibid., vol. 92, pp. 1-22, 87 figs., 1 pl 1941. Notes on Florida fishes with descriptions of seven new species. Ibid., vol..193, pp...81-106, 17 figs. 1952. Fishes from deep water off southern Florida. Notulae Naturae, Acad, Nat. -Sci. Philadelphia, no. 246, 16 pp.,· 10 figs. FRASER-BRUNNER, A. 1983, A revision of the chaetodoht fishes' of the 5ubfamily Pomacanthinae. Proc: Zool. Soc. London, pt. S pp. 548-599,29 figs., 1 pl. 1940: Notes on the plectognath fishes III. On Monacanthus setifer (Bennett) and related species, with a key to the genus Stephanolepis and descrip- tions of four new species. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 11, vol. 5, pp. 518-535, 7 figs. 1949. A classifcation of the fishes of the family Myctophidae. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 118, pt. 4, pp 1019-1106, 14 figs., 1 pl. 1950. Notes on the fishes of the genus AnUgonia (Caproidae). Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist:, ser. 12, vol. 8, pA 721-724. 1950. A synopsis of the hammerhead sharks (Sphurna), with description of a new species. Rec Australian Mus. Sydney, Vol. 22, pp.' 218-219, 8 figs. 1951. The ocean sunfishes (family Molidae). Bull. British Mus. (Nat. Hist.), vol. 1, no. 6, pp. 89-121, 18 figs, GEHRINGER, JACK W. 1956. Observations 6n the development of. the Atlantic sailfish Istiophorus americanus (Cuvier) with notes on an unidentified species of istiophorid. Fish. Bull. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Serv., no. 110, pp. iii + 189-171, 40 figs. GIBBS, ROBERT H. 1957. Cyprinid fishes of the subgenus Ct/Prinella of Nofropis. Copeia, 1957, no. 8, pp. 185-195, 2 figs. GINSBURG, ISAAC 1980. Review of the weakfishes (Cynoscion) of the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the Uhited States, with a description of a new species. Bull. U.S. Bur. Fish., vol. 45, pp. 71-85, 7 figs. 1981. Commercial snappers (Lutianidae) of the Gulf of Mexico. Ibid.. vol. 46, pA 265-276, 8 figs. 1931. Juvenile and sex characters of Et,orthodus lyricus (fam. Gobiidae). Ibid., vol. 47, pp. 117-124, 2 figs. 1982. A revi5ion of the genus Gobionellus (family Gobiidae). Bull. Bingham , Oceanogr. Coll., vol. 4, art. 2, pp. 8-51, 7 figs. 1938. A revision of the genus Gobiosoma (family Gobiidae) with an account of the genus Garmannia.. Ibid., vol. 4, art. 5, pp. 1-59. 1988: Descriptions of hew and imperfectly known species and genera of gobioid and pleuronectoid fishes in the United State5 Natiohal Museum. Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus., vol. 82, pA 1-28. 0 308 BULLETIN FLORIDA STATE MUSEUM Vol. 2 1987. A review of the seahorses (Hippocampus) found on the coasts of the American continents and of Europe, Ibid,, vol. 88, pp, 497-594, figs. 54-71. 1939. Twenty-ond new American gobies. Jour. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 29, pA 51-63. 1942. Seven new American fishes. Ibid., vol. 82, pp 864-870. 1947. American species and subspecies of Bathygoblus, with a demonstration of a suggested modified system of nomenclature. Ibid., vol. 37, no. 8, pp. 275-284. 1948. The species of Bathustoma (Pisces, Haemulonidae), Zoologica, vol. 38, pp. 151-156. 1948. Some Atlantic populations related to Diplectrum radiale (Serranidae), with a description of a new subspecies from the Gulf coast of the United States. Copeia, 1948, no. 4, pp. 266-270. 1950. Review of the western Atlantic Triglidae (fshes). Texas Jour. Sci., 1950, no. 4, pp. 489-527. 1951. Western Atlantic tonguefishes with descriptions of six new species. Zoologica, vol. 86, pt, 8, no, 14, pp, 185-201, 8 pls, 1951. The eels of the northern Gulf coast of the United States and some related species. Texas Jour. Sci., 1951, no. 8, pp. 481-485, 16 figs. 1952. Fishes of the family Carangidae of the northern Gulf of Mexico and three related species. Publ. Inst. Marine Sci. Univ. Texas, vol. 2, no. 2, pA 43-117, 7 pls. 1952. Eight new fishes from the. Gulf coast of the United States with two new gedera and notes on geographic distribution. Jour. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 42, no. 3, pp 84-101,9 figs. 1952. Flounders of the genus Paralichthys and related genera in Amefican waters. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Serv, Fish. Bull., vol.· 52, no. 71, pp. 265-351, 15 pls. 1958. The taxonomic status and nomenclature of some Atlantic and Pacific populations of yellowfin and bluefin tunas. Copeia, 1958, ho. 1, pp. 1-10. 1953. Ten new American gobioid fishes in the United States National Museum, includind additions to a revision of Cobion€Hus. Jour. Washington Acad. Sci., vol: 48, no. 1, pp. 18-26. 1958. Western Atlantic scorpionfishes, Smithsonian. Misc. Coll.cvol. 121, no. 8, 103 pp., 6 figs. 1954. Whitings on the coasts of the American continents. Fish. Bull. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Serv., no. 96, pp. 186-208, 2 figs. 1954. Four new fishes and one little-known species from the east coast of ' the United States including· the Gulf of Mexico. Jour. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 44, no. 8, pp. 256-264, illus. 1955. Fishes of the family Percophididae from the cbasts of eastern United States and the West. Indies, with descriptions of four new species. Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus., vol. 104, no. 8847, pA 628-689, figs. 120-122. GREY, MARION 1953. Fishds of the family Gempylidae, with records of Nesiarchus and Epinnula from the western Atlantic · and descriptions of two new sub- species of Epinnula orientatis. Copeia, 1958, no. 3, pp. 185-141. 1955. The fishes of the genus Tetragonurus Risso. Dana-Report, no. 41, 75 pp., 16 figs. 1958 BRIGGS: FLORIDA FISHES · 809 1955. Melamphaes triceratops, a synony. m of the deep-sea fish M. anthrax. Copeia, 1955, no. 2, pp. 147-148. 1955. Notes on a collection of Berm~(la deep-sea fishes., Fieldiana: zool:, vol. 87, pp. 265-802, 12. figs. 1956 , New records of deep -sea fishes , including a new species , Oneirodes bradburt/de, from the Gulf of Mexico. Copeia, 1956, no. 4, pp. 242- 246,2 figs. HARRY, ROBERT R. 1951. Deep-sea fishes of the Bermuda Oceanographic Expeditions. Family Paralepididae. Zoologiaa, vol 86, pt. 1, pp. 17-85,9 figs. 1952. [Same title.] Families Cetomimidae and Rondeletiidae. Ibid., vol. 87, pt. 1, pp. 55-72,4 figs., 1 pl. HERALD, EARL S. 1942. Three new pipefishes from. the Atlantic coasi of North and S6uth America, with a key to the Atlantic American species. Stanford Ichthyol. Bull., vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 125-132. HILDEBRAND, SAMUEL F. 19,43. A review of the American anchovies (family Engraulidae). Bull. Bingham Oceanogr, Coll., vol. 8, art. 2, pp. 1-165, 72 figs. 1948. A review of the American menhaden, genus Brevoortia, with a descrip- tion Of a new spedies. Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 107, no. 18, pp. 1-39, 9 figs. HILDEBRAND, SAMUEL F., and LOUELLA E. CABLE 1981. Development and life history of fourteen teleostean fishes At Beaufort, N. C. Bull. U.S. Bur: Fish., vol. 46, pp. 388-488, 101 figs. 1984. Reproduction and development of whitings or kingfishes, drums, spot, croaker, and weakfishes or sea trouts family Sciaenidae, of the Atlantic coast of the United States. Ibid., vol. 48, pA 41-117, 44 figs. 1938. Further notes on the development and life history of some teleosts at , Beaufort, N. C. Ibid., vol. 48, pp 505-642, 159 fgs. HILDEBRAND, SAMUEL F., and IsAAC GIZWSBURG 1927. Distinguishing charafters of two species of red snappers of the Atlantic coast Of North Amefica. Bull. U.S. Bur. Fish., vol. 42, pp. 77-85, 3 figs. 1927. Descriptions of two new species of fishes from Ke4 West, Florida, with notes on nine other species collected in the locality. Ibid., vol. 42, pA 207-215, 5 figs. HuBBS, CARL L. 1986. Fishes of the Yucatan Peninsula. Publ. Carnegie Inst. Washington, no. 457, pp. 157-287, 1.fig., 15 pls. 1989. The characters and distribution of the Atlantic coast fishes referred to the genus Hypsoblennius. Papers Michigan Acad. Sci., vol. 24, pt. 2, pp. 158-157. 1944. Species of the circumtropical fish genus Brotula. Copeia, 1944, no. 8, pA 162-178,2 figs. HuBBS, CARI: L., and WALTER R. CROWE 1956. Preliminary analysis of the American cyprinid fishes, seven new, re- ferred to the genus H!/bopsis, subgenus Erimustar. Occas. Papers Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, no. 578, pA 1-8. 310 BULLETIN FLORIDA STATE MUSEUM Vol. 2 HUBBS, CARL L., and LEONARD P. SCHULTZ 1989. A revision of the toadfishes referred tp Porichthus and related genera. Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus., vol. 86, pp. 473-496. JORDAN, DAVID S. 1904. Notes on fishes collected in the Tortugas archipelago. Bull U.S. Fish. Comm., vol. 22, pp. 589-544,2 pls. 1919. On Elephenor, a new genus of fishes from Japan. Annals Carnegie Mus., vol. 12, nos. 2-4, pp. 329-886,5 pls. JORDAN, DAvID S., and CARL L. HuBBs 1919. Studies in ichthyology. A monographic review of the family of Atheri- nidae or silversides. Leland Stanford Junior Univ. Publ., univ. ser., pp. 1-87,12 pls. JORDAN,- DAVID S., and JOSEPH C. THOMPSON 1905. The fish fauna of the Tortugas archipelago. Bull. U.S. Bur. Fish., vol. 24, pp. 231-256. LACHNER, ERNEST A. 1954. A revision of the goatfish genus Upen€us with descriptions of two new species. Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus., vol. 108, no. 8830, pA 497-532, 2 pls. 1955. Populations. of- the berycoid fish family Polymixiidae.. Ibid., vol. 105, no. 8356, pp 189-206, 1 pl. LAMONTE, FRANCESCA R. 1955. A review and revision of the marlins, genus Makaira. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., ·vol: 107, art. 8, pp. 328-358,9 pls. LONGLEY, WILLIAM H, 1934. Studies on West Indian fishes: description of six new species. Yearbook Carnegie Inst. Washington, no. 88, pp. 257-260. 1935. Osteological notes and descriptions of new species of fishes. Ibid., no. 84, pp. 86-89. LONGLEY, WILLIAM H., and SAMUEL F. H~LDEBRAND 1940. New' genera and species of fishes from Tortugas, Florida. Papers Tortugas Lab., Carnegie Inst. Washington, vol. 32, pp. 228-285, 28 figs., 1 pl. MEAD, GILEs W., and JAMES BOHLKE 1958. Leptoderma springeri, a new alepocephalid fish from the Gulf of Mexico. Texas Jour. Sci., 1953, no. 2, pp 265-267. MILLER, ROBERT R. 1946. Distributional records for North American fishes, with nomenclatorial notes on the genus Psenes. Jour. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 86, pp. 206-212. 1955. An annotated list of the American cyprinodgntid fishes of the genus Fundulus, with the description of Fundulus persimills .from Yucatan. Occas. Papers Mus. Zool. Uni*. Michigah, no. 568, pp. 1-25,1 pl. MOHR, ERNA 1987. Revision der Centriscidae (Acanthop.terygii Centrisciformes). Dana- Report, no. 13, 69 pp., 88 figs., 2 pls, MowBRY, Lows L. 1915. A new species of fish from F16rida. Bull. New York Zool. Soc., vol. 18, p. 1298. MUNRO, IAN S. R. 1950. Revision of Bregmaceros with descriptions of larval stages from Aus- tralia. Proc. Roy. Soc. Queenslafid, vol. 61, no. 5, pp. 87-53, 10 figs. 1958 BRIGGS: FLORIDA FISHES 811 ' MYERS, GEORGES. 1984. Three new deep-water fishes from the West Indies. Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 91, no. 9, pp. 1-12,2 figs., 1 pl 1987. The deep-sea zeomorph fishes of the family Grammicolepidae. Proc. U.S. Nail, Mus.,vol, 84, pA 145-156, 8 pls. NICHOLS, JOHN T. 1909. A n6te on the dolphins (Coryphaena equisetis and Cor!/Phaena hit)purus). Bull. Amen Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 26, art. 10, pA 181-188. 1910. On two new blennys from Florida. Ibid., vol. 28, art. 16, p. 161. 1911. Notes on teleostean fishes from the eastern United States. Ibid., vol. 30, art. 11, pp. 275-278,1 fig., 1 pL 1914. On a new swell-fish from Florida. Ibid., vol. 38, art. 8, pp. 81-88. 1917. Ichthyological notes from a druise off southwest Florida, with a descrip- tion of Gobiesox yuma sp. nov. Ibid., vol. 87, art. 87, pp 878-877, lEg- 1 pl 1918. On Votner dorsalis, with a brief review of the genus. Ibid., vol. 88, art. 18, pp, 669-676. 1920. Hunnis and Alecjtis in the American Museum of Natural History.. Ibid., vol. 42, art. 4, pp. 285-292, 1 pl. 1920. A key to the ,species of Trachurus. Ibid., vol. 42, art. 13, pp. 477-481. 1936. On Decapterus scombrinus (Valenciennes). Amer. Mus. Novitates, n6. 885, pp. 1-6. 1987. On Caranx hippos (Linnaeus) from Ecuador. Copeia, 1987, no. 1, PP. 58-59. 1937. Young €dr®x rubdr (Bloch). Ibid:, 1987, no. 4, pp 286-287. 1987. Notes on ·carangin fishes. I.-On young Caranx hippos (Linnaeus). II.-On young Hemicaranx ambly,hunchus (Cuvier and Valencienne5). Amer. Mus. N6vitates, n6. 967, pp. 1-6. 1988. Notes on carangin fishes. III.-On Caranx sexfasciatus Quoy and Gaimard. Ibid., no. 998, pA 1-6. 1988. N6tes on carangin fishes. IV.-On' Caranx crysos (Mitchill). Ibid., no. 1014, pp. 1-4, 2 figs. 1989. Young Caranx in the western North Atlantic. Bull. Bingham Oceanogr. Coll., vol. 7, art. 2, pA 1-9. 1940. Notes on c#angin fishes. V.-Young Trachurus in the Gulf 6f Mexico. Amer. Mus. Nbvitates, no. 1067, pp. 1-4. 1946. On young western Atlantic seriolas. Copeia, 1946, no. 4, pp. 259-260. 1951. Notes on carangin fishes. 7.-On Decapterus sanctae-helenae (Cuvier and Valenciennes), 8.-On Caranx guam and Caranx georgianus. Amer. Mus. Novitates, no. 1527, pp. 1-6. 1952. A.new fish of the genus Bregmaceros from the Straits of Florida. Ibid., no. 1556, pp. 14, 1 fig. NICHOLS, JOHN T., and CHARLES M. BREDER 1922. Otophidium welshi, a new cusk eel, with notes on two others from the Gulf of Mexico. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 85, pp. 18-16, 3 figs. 1924. Neiv Gulf races of a Pacific Scofpaena and Prionotus with notes on other Gulf of Mexic6 fishas. Ibid., vol. 87, pp. 21-24,1 pl. 312 BULLETIN FLORIDA STATE MUSEUM Vol. 2 NICHOLS, JoHN T., and F. E. FmTH 1989.' Rare fishes off the Atlantic coast including a new grammicolepid Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol 52, pp. 85-88,1 fig. NICHOLS, JOHN T.,and FRANCEscA R. LAMoNTE 1941. Yellowfin, Allison's and related tunas. Ichthyol. Contrib. Internatl. Game ' Fish Assoc., vol. 1, no. 8, pp. 25-82, 8 figs. . NICHOLS, JoHNT., and Louis L, MowBRy 1914. A new angel-fish (Angetichthys townsendi) from Key West, Bull, Amer. Mui Nat, Hist.,vol. 83, art, 37, pp. 581-588. NORMAN, J. R. 1984. A systematic monograph of the flatfishes (Heterdsomata). Vol, I. Psetto- didae, Bothidae, Pleuronectidae. London: Bfitish Museum (Natural Histafy), viii + 459 pA, 817 figs. 1935. A revision of the lizard fishes of the genera Sunodus, Trachinocephalus, and Saurida: Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1985, part 1, pA 99-135, 18 figs. 1985. The carangid fishes of the genus Decapterus Bleeker . Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 10, vol. 16, pp. 252-264,4 Bgs NORMAN, J. R., and ETHELWYNN TREWAvAs 1989. Notes on the eels of the family Synaphobranchidae. Ann. Mag. Nat. - Hist,,ser. 11, vol. 3, pp. 352-859, 2 figs. PARR, ALBERT E. 1927. The stomiatoid fishes of the suborder Cymnophotodermi (Astronesthidae, Melanostomiatidae, Idiacanthidae) with a complete review of the species. Bull. Bingham Oceanogr. Coll., vol. 8, art. 2, pp. 1-128,62 figs ,,1928. Scientific results of the thifd oceanographic expedition of the "Pawnee 1927. Deepsea fishes of the order Iniomi from the waters around the Bahama and Bermuda Islands, with annotated keys to ike Sudidae, Myctophidae, Scopelarchidae, Evermannellidae, Omosudidae, Cetomi- midae and Rondeletidae of the world. Ibid., vol. 3, art. 3, pA 1-193, 48 figs. 1929. Notes on the species of myctophine fishes represented by type specimens in the United States National Museum. Proc. U.S. NatI. Mus., vol. 76, art. 10, pp. 1-47,21 figs. i980. On the osteology and classification of the pediculate fishes of the genera Acefatias, Rhunchoceratias, Haplophryne, Laevoc€Tatias, Allector and Lipactis, with taxonomic and osteological dekcription of Rhynco- ceratias longipinnis, new species, and a special discussion of the rostral structures of the Aceratiidae. Occas. Papers Bingham Oceanogr. Coll., no. 3, pp. 1-28,6 figs. 1981. A practical revision of the western Atlantic species of the genus Citha- richthys (including Etropw) with observations on the Pacific Citha- richthys crossotus and C. spitopterus, Bull, Bingham Oceanogr. Coll., vol. 4, art. 1, pp. 1-24,7 figs. 1946. The Macrouridae of the western North Atlantic and Central American seas. Ibid., vol. 10, art. 1, 99 pp., 28 8 gs. 1946. A new species of Gyrinomimus from the Gulf of Mexico. Copeia, 1946, no. 3, pp. 116-117, 1 pl. 1951. Preliminary revision of the Alepucephalidae, with the introduction of a new family, Searsidae. Amer. Mus. Novitates, no. I581, pp. 1-21. 1958 BRIGGS: FLORIDA FISHES · 313 1952. Revision of the species currently referred to Alepocephalus, Halisauri- ceps, Batht/troctes and Baiacalifomia with introduction of' two new genera. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 107, pp. 258-269. 1952. Ravision of the genus Tatismania, with description of a new species from the Gulf of Mexico. Jour. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 42, pA 268-271, 1 fig. RANDALL, JOHN E. 1 1956. A revision of the surgeon fish genus Acanthurus. Pacific Sci., vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 159-235; 28 figs. 8 pls. REGAN, C, TATE, and ETHELWYNN TREWAVAS 1929. The fishes of the families Astronesthidae and Chauliodontidae. Danish "Dalia"-Expedition's 1920-22, no. 5, 39 pA, 7 pls. 1930. The fishes of the families Stomiatidae and Malacosteidae. Ibid., no. 6, 148 pp., 138 figs., 14 pls. REID, EARL D. 1936. Revision of the 'fishes of the family Microdesmidae, with description of a new species. Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus., vol. 84, pp. 55-72,4 figs., 1 pl. RIvAS, Luis R. 1950. A revision of the American clupeid fishes of the genus Harengula, with descriptions of four new subspecies. Proc, U.S. Natl. Mus., vol. 100, pp. 275-809, 41 figs., 8 pls. 1949. A record of lutjanid fish (Lutianus cvanopterus) for· the Atlantic coast of the United States, with note on related species of the genus. Copeia, 1949, no. 2, pp. 150-152. 1951. A preliminary review of the western N6rth Atlantic hhes of the family Scombridae. Bull Marine'Sci. Gulf and Caribbean, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 209-230. 1956. The occuirence and taxonomic relationships of the blue marlin (Makaim ampla Poey) in the Pacific Ocean. Ibid., vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 59-78,2 figs. HOULE, LOUIS, and LEON BERTIN 1929. Les poissons apodes appartenant au sous-ordre des Nemichthydiformes. Danish "Dana"-Expedition 1920-22, 116. 4, pA 1-113, 57 figs., 9 pls. SCHULTZ, LEONARD P. 1938. Review of the fishes of the genera Poluipnus.and Argyropelecus (family Stern6ptichidae) with descripfions of three new species. Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus.,vol. 86, pp. 135-155, figs. 42-45. 1945. The leatherjackets, carangid Bshes of the genus Oligoplites Gill, in- habiting American waters. Jour. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 85, no. 10, pA 380-836. 1948. A revision of six subfamilies of atherine fishes, with descriptions of new genera and ' species: Proc. U.S. · Natl. Mus., v61.98, pp. 1-48, 9 figs., 2 pls. SCHULTZ, LEONARD.P.,and EARL D. REID 1987. The American toadfishes of the genus Opsanus. Copeia, 1937, no.' 4, pp. 211-212. 1989. A revision of the soapfishes 6£ the genus Rypticus. Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus., vol. 87, pA 261-270. 1942. Descriptive notes on the serranid fish, Garrupa nignta (Holbrook). C6peia, 1942, no. 1, pp. 29-80. 814 BULLETIN FLORIDA STATE MUSEUM Vol. 2 SPRINGER, STEWART 1950. A revision of the North American sharks allied to the genus Carchar- hinus. Amer. Mus. Novitates, no. 1451, pp. 1-18. SPRINGER, VICTOR G 1954. Western Atlantic Sshes of the genus Paractinus. Texas Jour. Sci., vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 422-441, 1 fig. 1955. The taxonomic status of the fishes of the genus Stathmonotus, including a review of the Atlantic species. Bull. Marine Sci. Gulf and Caribbean, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 66-80,2 figs. STOREY, MARGARET H. 1989. Contribution toward a revision of the ophichthyid eels. I. The genera Callechelys and Bascanichthgs, with descriptions of new species and notes on Myrichthys. Stanford Ichthyol. Bull., vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 61-84, 6 figs. DESYLVA, DONALD P. 1955. The osteology and phylogenetic relationships of the blackfin tuna Thunnus atlanticus (Lesson). Bull. Marine Sci. Gulf and Caribbean, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 1-41, 61 figs. DESYLVA, DONALD P., HOWARD B. STEARNS, and DURBIN C, TABB 1956. Populations of the black mullet (Mugil cephalus L.) in Florida. 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The fish fauna of Japan, with observations on the geographical distribu- tion of fishes. Science, new ser., vol. 14, no. 354, pp 545-567. JORDAN, DAvm S., BARTON W. EvERMANN, and HOWARD W. CLARK 1930. Check list of the fishes and fishlike vertebrates of North and middle America north of the boundary of' Venezuela and Colombia. Rept. U.S. Comm. Fish. 1928; pt. 2, 670 pp. MYERS, GEORGE ~. 1949. · Salt-tolerance of fresh:water fish grbups in relation to zoogeographical problems. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, vol. 28, pp. 815-322. MYERS, GEORGE S., and MARGARET.H. STOREY 1956. Curatorial practices in zoological research collections. 2. System fol- lowed in filing specimens 6f recent fishes in the Natural History Museum of Stanford University. Cir. Nat. Hist. Mus. Stanford Univ., no. 6, pp. viii + 44,5 figs. REGAN, CHARLES T. 1929. Fishes, In Encyclopaedia Britannica. In the 14th edition and its various reprinting the account is the same, but. the pagination varies. SPRINGER, STEWART 1950. A revision of the North American sharks allied to the genus Carchar- hinus. Amer.,Mus. Novitates, no. 1451, pp. 1-18. SVETOVIbov, A. N. 1948. [Fauna of U.S.S.R. Pisces. Gadiformes. Zool. Inst:Acad. Sci. U.S.S.R.], vol. 9, no. 4, pA 1-221, 88 Ags., 72 pls., (in Russian). 1958 BRIGGS: FLORIDA FISHES 817 INDEX TO ORDERS AND FAMILIES Acanthuridae, 285 Centropomidae, 278 Heteromi, 268 Acipenseridae, 252 CBratiiklae, 301 Heterosomata, 296 Albulidae, 252 Cetomimidae, 259 Hexanthidae,.247 Alepisauridae, 259 Cetunculi, 259 Holocentridae, 270 Alepocephalidae, 254 Chaetodontidae, 282 Ictaluridae, 260 Allotriognathi, 269 Chauliodontidae,.255 Idiacanthidae, 255 Alopiidae, 248 Chauriacidae, 861 Iniomi, 257 Aluteridae, 299 Chimaerae, 252 Ipnopidae, 257 Amitdae, 252. Chimaeridae, 252 Isospondyli, 252 Amphioxi, 247 Chloropthalmidae, 257 Istiophoridae, 287 Anacanthini, 268 Chrondrostei, 252 Isuridae, 247 Anguillidae, 261 Clinidae, 296 Kyphosidae, 282 Anoplogastridae, 270 Clupeidae, 258 Labridae, 283 -Antennaridae, 801 Congridae, 262 Lampridae, 269 Antigoniidae, 271 (Soryphaenidae, 278 Leiognathidae, 280 Aphredoderidae, 266 Cottidae, 296 Lepisosteidae, 252 Apodes, 261 €ynoglossidae, 297 Lobotidae; 280 1 Apog6nidae, 275 Cyprinikiae, 260 Lophiidae, 800 Argentinidae, 254 Cyprinodontidae, 265 Lophotidae, 269 Ariidae, 259 Dactylopteridae, 295 Lutjanidae, 278' ' Astronesthidae, 254 Dactyloscopidae, 285 Luvaridae, 287 Ateleopidae, 259 Dasyaticlae, 251 Lyomeri, 259 Ateleopodes, 259 Diodontidae, 300 Macrouridae, 268 Atherinidae, ·293 Diretmidae; 270 Malacanthidae, 27.6 Aulopidae, 257 Discocephali, 298 Malacosteidae,» 255 Aulostomidae, 267 Dysommidae, 263 Megalopidae, 252 Balistidae, 298 Dysomminidae, 262 Melamphaiaae, 270 Bathypteroidae, 257 Echeneidae, 298 Melanocetidae, 801 Batoidei, 250 Eleotridae, 287 Melanostomiatidae, 254 Batrachoididae, 296 ' Elopidae, 252 Microcyprini, 265 Belonidae, 264 Engraulidae, 253 Microdesmidae, 291 Berycomorphi, 270 , Ephippidae, 282 Mobulidae, 251 Blenniidae, 289 Epigonichthyidae, 247 Molidae, 800 Bothidae, 296 Es6cidae, 257 Moridae, 269 Bramidae, 278 Eurypharyngidae, 259. Mugilidae, 298 Branchiostomidae, 247 Exocoetidae, 264 Mullidae, 281 Bregmacerotidae, 269 Fistulariidae, 267 Muraenidae, 262 Brotulidae, 291 Gadidae, 269 Myctophidae,, 258 Callionymidae, 289 , Gempylidae,' 285 Mylibbatidae, 251 Canthigasteridke, 800 Ginglymodi, 252 Myxinidae, 247 Carangidap, 276 Gobiesocidae, 296 Myxinoidea, 247 Carapidae, 292 GobUdae, 287 Nemichthidae, 261 Carcharhinidae, 248 Grammicolepidae, 27.1 Nettastomidae, 262 Carchariidae, 247 Gyinnuridae, 251 ' Nomeidae, 292 Catostomiaae, 260 Halosauridae, 268 Notacanthidae, 264 Centrarchidae, 278 Haplddodi, 296 Ogcocephalidae, 801 Centriscidae, 268 Hemiramphidae, 264 Oheir6didae, 801 318 BULLETIN FLORIDA STATE ·MUSEUM Vol. 2 Ophichthidae, 263 Rachycentridae, 276 Sternoptychidae, 256 Ophidiidae, 291 Rajidae, 250 Stomiatidae, 254 Opisthognathidae, 289 Regalecidae, 270 Stromateidae, 292 Orectolobidae, 248 Rhineodontidae, 248 Stylephoridae, 269 Ostariophysi, 259 Rhinobatidae, 250 Synaphobranchidae, 261 Ostraciidae, 299 Rhinopteridae, 251 , Synentognathi, 264 Paralepidae, 259 Salmopercae, 266 Syngnathidae, 266 Pediculati, 300 Scaridae, 284 Synodohtidae, 257 Pempheridae, 282 Sciaenidae, 280 Tetrag6nuridae, 292 Percidae, 274 Scleroparei, 294 Tetraodontidae, 299 Percomorphi, 271 Scomberesocidae, 264 Torpedinidae, 250 Percophidae, 285 Scombridae, 286 Trachichthyidae, 270 Peristediidae, 294 Scorpaenidae, 294 Trachipteritlae, 270, Petromyzonida, 247 Scyliorhinidae, 248 Triacanthidae, 298 Petron*zonidae, 247 Selachij, 247 Triakidae, 248 Plectognathi, 298 Serranidae, 271 Trichiuridae, 286 Pleuronectidae, 297 Sehivomeriaae, 261 Triglidae, 295 Poeciliidae, 266 Soleidae, 297 Umbridae, 257 Polymixiidae, 270 Solenichthyes, 266 Uranos_copidae, 285 Polynemidae, 298 Sparidae, 281 Urolophidae, 251 Pomacentridae, 283 , Sphyraenidae, 293 Xenopterygii, 296 Pomadasyidae, 279 Sphyrnidae, 249 Xiphiidae, 287 Pomatomidae, 276 Stlualidae, 249 Zeidae, 271 Priacanthidae, 275 Squatinidae, 250 Zeomorphi, 271 Pristidae, 256 Steinegeriidae, 294 Protospondyli, 252 Stephanoberycidae, 270 Contributions to the BULLETIN OF THE FLORIDA STATE MUSEUM may be in any field of biology. 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