BULLETIN ISLAND LISTS OF WEST INDIAN AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES Robert Powell and Robert W. Henderson, Editors Vol. 51, No. 2, pp. 85–166 2012 UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA GAINESVILLE The FLORIDA MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY is Florida’s state museum of natural history, dedicated to understanding, preserving, and interpreting biological diversity and cultural heritage. The BULLETIN OF THE FLORIDA MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY is a peer-reviewed journal that publishes results of original research in zoology, botany, paleontology, archaeology, and museum science. The Bulletin is published at irregular intervals, and volumes are not necessarily completed in any one year. Volumes contain between 150 and 300 pages, sometimes more. The number of papers contained in each volume varies, depending upon the number of pages in each paper, but four numbers is the current standard. Multi-author issues of related papers have been published together, and inquiries about putting together such issues are welcomed. Address all inquiries to the Managing Editor of the Bulletin. Richard C. Hulbert Jr., Editor Bulletin Committee Ann S. Cordell Richard C. Hulbert Jr. Jacqueline Miller Larry M. Page Roger W. Portell, Treasurer Irvy R. Quitmyer David W. Steadman, Ex officio Member ISSN: 0071-6154 Copyright © 2012 by the Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida. All rights reserved. Text, images and other media are for nonprofit, educational, and personal use of students, scholars, and the public. Any commercial use or republication by printed or electronic media is strictly prohibited without written permission of the museum. Publication Date: May 25, 2012 Price: $9.00 Send communications concerning puchase or exchange of this publication and manuscript queries to: Managing Editor of the Bulletin Florida Museum of Natural History University of Florida P.O. Box 117800 Gainesville, FL 32611-7800 USA FAX: 352-846-0287 Email: bulletin@flmnh.ufl.edu mailto:bulletin@flmnh.ufl.edu ISLAND LISTS OF WEST INDIAN AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES Robert Powell1 and Robert W. Henderson2, Editors 1Department of Biology, Avila University, Kansas City, Missouri 64145-1698, USA 2Section of Vertebrate Zoology, Milwaukee Public Museum, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233, USA Powell, R., and R. W. Henderson, Eds. 2012. Island lists of West Indian amphibians and reptiles. Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History 51(2):85– 166. TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction by Robert Powell and Robert W. Henderson .....................................86 Literature Cited ..........................................................................................................i Swan Islands by Robert Powell and Robert W. Henderson ....................................91 Literature Cited ..........................................................................................................i Bahama Islands and Turks & Caicos Islands by Sandra D. Buckner, Richard Franz, and R. Graham Reynolds ..........................................................93 Literature Cited ..........................................................................................................i Cayman Islands by Arthur C. Echternacht ............................................................ 111 Literature Cited ..........................................................................................................i The Cuban Archipelago by Alberto R. Estrada ..................................................... 113 Literature Cited ..........................................................................................................i Jamaica by Byron S. Wilson, Thera Edwards, and Robert Powell .......................126 Literature Cited ..........................................................................................................i Hispaniola and Navassa by Robert Powell ...........................................................129 Literature Cited ..........................................................................................................i Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands by Gregory C. Mayer ....................................136 Literature Cited ..........................................................................................................i Lesser Antilles by Robert W. Henderson and Michel Breuil ................................148 Literature Cited ..........................................................................................................i POWELL AND HENDERSON: Island lists of West Indian amphibians and reptiles 93 Figure 3. Map of the Bahama Islands and the Turks & Caicos Islands. The Bahamian Archipelago lies in the North Atlan- tic, southeast of Florida and north of Cuba and Hispaniola (Fig. 3). The area consists of more than 2,700 oceanic islands, cays (pronounced “keys”), and rocks that are dispersed among 15 shallow- water carbonate banks. Mouchoir, Silver, and Navidad banks in the eastern Turks and Caicos area are completely inundated. The banks are separated by deep-water trenches and strong ocean currents. These banks and their associated islands extend between latitudes 20ºN and 28ºN and longitudes 71 W and 80 W. All of the banks are flooded with marine waters. The combined island land mass associated with this immense area comprises only about 11,000 km2. The Bahamian Archipelago is divided into two political identities. The Commonwealth of The Bahamas became fully independent from Britain in 1973, but currently maintains its membership in the Commonwealth of Nations. The smaller Turks and Caicos Islands remain part of the British Overseas Territories. The majority of the Bahamian Archipelago lies above the Tropic of Cancer (at 23.43ºN), where it is considered part of the subtropics. The climate is moderated by the Gulf Stream, resulting in mild temperatures (never freezing) with average highs and lows of 28.8 °C and 20.8 ºC. Average annual precipitation is 138.9 cm, with the greatest amounts of rain in summer (May–October) and occasional BAHAMA ISLANDS AND TURKS & CAICOS ISLANDS Sandra D. Buckner1, Richard Franz2, and R. Graham Reynolds3 1Villa Capulet, Montague Foreshore, P.O. Box N 8893, Nassau, The Bahamas 2Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA 3Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, USA 94 BULLETIN FLORIDA MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 51(2) hurricanes in summer and fall. Surface features are dominated by limestone karst features (eroded limestone surfaces, limestone hills, sinkholes, and caves). Soils are shallow, mostly alkaline, and water tables are close to the surface. Coppice (tropical hardwoods), brackish and salt ponds with mangroves, maritime marshes, and other coastal habitats are common throughout the islands. Pinelands dominate the vegetative communities on several of the larger islands (Carew & Mylroie 1997). The herpetofauna of the Bahamian Archipel- ago consists of 48 native species: three amphibians, 30 lizards, 13 snakes, and two freshwater turtles. Also recorded are two crocodilians and fossil turtles and tortoises. We have listed more than 1,600 island occurrences of amphibians and reptiles from nearly 250 islands. These occurrences span all 15 banks with islands, with the greatest species richness on the largest islands and banks. Tortoises (Chelonoidis alburyorum and other endemic species of Chelonoidis) are extinct in the Bahamian Archipelago and the West Indies; Cuban Crocodiles (Crocodylus rhombifer) are extirpated from the archipelago, but continue to survive in Cuba; and Bahamian Rock Iguanas (Cyclura spp.) disappeared from the Little Bahamas Bank, but continue to exist on other Bahamian banks. These extinction events apparently occurred in the late Holocene, but prior to the appearance of humans (Steadman et al. 2007; Franz & Franz 2009). Cuba and Hispaniola are the common sources for most of the Bahamian herpetofauna. None of the native species occur naturally in North America. All of the native species have their affinities with the Neotropics, except for a gecko, which might have African ties (e.g., Franz et al. 1996). More than 20 additional species of frogs, lizards, snakes, and turtles have been reported as recent introductions, possibly gaining entry as released pets or with horticultural plants from plant nurseries, mostly in southern Florida. Some have become established. The list of introduced amphibians and reptiles will continue to expand as more agricultural products are exchanged between the two areas (Lee 2004). Since 1992, two of us (SDB & RF), using MacLean et al. (1977) as a template, have updated and maintained island lists for the Bahamian Archipelago. Information was gleaned from publications (e.g., Schwartz & Henderson 1988; Franz et al. 1993) and museum indices. Subsequent updates reflected information that became available from direct observations, communications from researchers in the field, and photographic vouchers and research reports. The most recent overview of Bahamian herpetology was Knapp et al. (2011), which emphasized conservation. In the following list, we record two additional introduced species: Plestiodon sp. on Grand Bahama (Johnson 2011) and Ramphotyphlops braminus on New Providence (A. Davis, pers. comm.). Also, whether an introduced species of anole on Grand Bahama is Anolis carolinensis or A. smaragdinus still has to be determined (Jonathon Losos, pers. comm.). sland locations were verified using Bahamas Land & Surveys 1:25,000 (BLS Series) maps. Some locations are known or have been known by multiple names and these are indicated. The areas of the cays have been estimated using Google Earth®. Note that coordinates provide only a general location for some of the smaller cays. We will continue to maintain and update this list as new information is forthcoming. Cays on which Anolis sagrei and Leiocephalus carinatus have been translocated for experimental studies have not been identified or listed. The most recent overviews of Turks and Caicos herpetology were Reynolds (2011a, 2011b), which emphasized conservation. Additional sour- ces included Wing and Scudder (1983), Gerber (1998), Carlson (1999), Newsom and Wing (2004), Bryan et al. (2007), Reynolds and Niemiller (2009, 2010a, 2010b), Reynolds (2010, 2012), Reynolds et al. (2010, 2011, 2012), and data provided by G. Gerber and M. Welch. Coordinates for the Turks and Caicos were generated by using Google Earth® and verified in Geody®. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS For making their indices available at the beginning of this project we thank the then curators of the following museums: José Rosado, Museum of Comparative Zoology (MCZ); the late C. Jack POWELL AND HENDERSON: Island lists of West Indian amphibians and reptiles 95 McCoy, The Carnegie Museum of Natural History (CM); Ronald I. Crombie, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution (USNM); John E. Simmons, Natural History Museum, University of Kansas (KU); Christopher A. Phillips, University of Illinois Museum of Natural History- Illinois Natural History Survey UIMNH-INHS, and all those who have shared their observations, including Nancy Albury, Aileen Bainton, Donald Buden, Eric Carey, Ancellino Davis, Paul Dean, C. Kenneth Dodd, Nancy Elliott, Lynn Gape, William Hayes, S. Blair Hedges, Maurice Isaacs, John Iverson, Audrey James, Pat Jodice, Scott Johnson, Charles Knapp, David Knowles, Denis Knowles, Kenneth Krysko, David Lee, Jonathan Losos, William Mackin, Melissa Maura, Brian Mealey, Rick Oliver, Toby Ross, Williams Simmons, Joseph Wasilewski, and Anthony White. Mark Welch and Brian Naqqi Manco reviewed the Turks and Caicos Island List. CAY SAL BANK Cay Sal (23.69°/-80.39°) (1.22 km2) Anolis fairchildi Anolis sagrei ordinatus Anguilla Cays (23.57°/-79.59°) (0.62 km2) Anolis sagrei ordinatus Cotton Cay (23.49°/-79.51°) (1.45 km2) Anolis fairchildi Anolis sagrei ordinatus Double Headed Shot Cay (23.93°/-80.47°) (0.20 km2) Tropidophis curtus curtus Elbow Cay (23.96°/-80.44°) (0.32 km2) Anolis sagrei ordinatus phaerodact lus nigropunctatus a icauda Tropidophis curtus curtus Typhlops biminiensis CONCEPTION BANK ConCeptIon ISland (23.83°/-75.12°) (8.17 km2) Osteopilus septentrionalis Anolis sagrei ssp. Anolis smaragdinus Leiocephalus loxogrammus ssp. Sphaerodactylus nigropunctatus gibbus Epicrates striatus ssp. Booby Cay (23.83°/-75.09°) (0.20 km2) Anolis sagrei ssp. Sphaerodactylus nigropunctatus ssp. Epicrates striatus ssp. CROOKED-ACKLINS BANK aCklIn’S ISland (22.40°/-74.00°) (497 km2) Osteopilus septentrionalis Chelonoidis sp. (F) Anolis brunneus Leiocephalus punctatus Sphaerodactylus corticola campter Cubophis vudii raineyi Epicrates chrysogaster schwartzi Crocodylus sp. (F) Castle Cay (= Castle Island) (22.13°/-74.31°) (1.93 km2) Anolis brunneus Leiocephalus punctatus Sphaerodactylus corticola campter Cotton Cay (= Cotton Bay Cay) (22.31°/-74.18°) (0.43 km2) Anolis brunneus South Cay (22.41°/-74.24°) (0.1 km2) Leiocephalus punctatus ssp. Crooked ISland (22.73°/-74.20°) (252 km2) Osteopilus septentrionalis Anolis brunneus Anolis sagrei ordinatus Leiocephalus punctatus Sphaerodactylus corticola campter Cubophis vudii raineyi Epicrates chrysogaster schwartzi Crocodylus sp. (F) Bird Rock Cay (22.85°/-74.35°) (0.03 km2) Leiocephalus punctatus Fish Cay (22.49°/-74.25°) (0.88 km2) Cyclura rileyi nuchalis Leiocephalus punctatus Sphaerodactylus corticola campter Fortune Island (= Long Cay) (22.61°/-74.33°) (24.7 km2) Anolis brunneus Cyclura rileyi nuchalis (PX) Leiocephalus punctatus Goat Cay (22.68°/-74.29°) (0.19 km2) Leiocephalus punctatus Guana Cays (four cays: 22.46°/-74.23°; 22.45°/-74.22°; 22.45°/-74.23°; 22.45°/-74.23°) (0.30 km2) Leiocephalus punctatus Sphaerodactylus corticola campter North Cay (22.52°/-74.29°) (0.95 km2) Cyclura rileyi nuchalis Leiocephalus punctatus Sphaerodactylus corticola campter Rat Cay (22.67°/-74.28°) (0.06 km2) Leiocephalus punctatus 96 BULLETIN FLORIDA MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 51(2) GREAT BAHAMA BANK androS ISland (24.43°/-77.98°) (5,959 km2) Eleutherodactylus rogersi Osteopilus septentrionalis Lithobates grylio (I) Chelonoidis sp. (F) Trachemys terrapen Ameiva auberi behringensis Ameiva auberi kingi Ameiva auberi sideroxylon Ameiva auberi vulturnus Anolis angusticeps oligaspis Anolis distichus distichoides Anolis sagrei ordinatus Anolis smaragdinus lerneri Anolis smaragdinus smaragdinus Cyclura cychlura cychlura Leiocephalus carinatus coryi Sphaerodactylus copei cataplexus (I) phaerodact lus nigropunctatus a icauda Sphaerodactylus notatus amaurus Tarentola americana warreni Cubophis vudii vudii Epicrates striatus fowleri Tropidophis curtus androsi Typhlops biminiensis Typhlops lumbricalis Crocodylus sp. (F) ManGrove Cay (24.21°/-77.74°) (225 km2) Eleutherodactylus rogersi Osteopilus septentrionalis Ameiva auberi kingi x vulturnus Anolis angusticeps oligaspis Anolis distichus distichoides Anolis sagrei ordinatus Anolis smaragdinus ssp. Cyclura cychlura cychlura phaerodact lus nigropunctatus a icauda Sphaerodactylus notatus amaurus Cubophis vudii vudii Epicrates striatus fowleri Tropidophis curtus androsi South androS (23.95°/-77.67°) (1,160 km2) Ameiva auberi kingi Anolis angusticeps ssp. Anolis distichus distichoides Anolis sagrei ordinatus Anolis smaragdinus ssp. Cyclura cychlura cychlura Leiocephalus carinatus ssp. Sphaerodactylus nigropunctatus ssp. Sphaerodactylus notatus ssp. Cubophis vudii ssp. Typhlops sp. Alcorine Cay (24.11°/-77.78°) (214 km2) Anolis smaragdinus ssp. Cyclura cychlura cychlura Leiocephalus carinatus Cubophis vudii ssp. Beach Cay (24.29°/-77.82°) (0.85 km2) Cyclura cychlura cychlura Bigwood Cay (24.37°/-77.75°) (61 km2) Ameiva auberi kingi Leiocephalus carinatus coryi Black Creek Cay (24.33°/-77.94°) (0.15 km2) Cyclura cychlura cychlura Blue Hole Cay (24.90°/-77.91°) (0.06 km2) Anolis sagrei ssp. Booya Cay (Middle Bight) (24.17°/-77.87°) (59 km2) Cyclura cychlura cychlura Calabash Cay (24.90°/-77.92°) (0.02 km2) Anolis distichus ssp. Anolis sagrei ssp. Anolis smaragdinus ssp. Sphaerodactylus nigropunctatus ssp. Sphaerodactylus notatus ssp. Fever Cay (Middle Bight) (24.32°/-77.73°) (2.71 km2) Anolis distichus distichoides Anolis sagrei ordinatus Cyclura cychlura cychlura Leiocephalus carinatus coryi Gibson Cay (Middle Bight) (24.33°/-77.68°) (0.35 km2) Ameiva auberi kingi Anolis sagrei ordinatus Gold Cay (= Billy Island = Bill’s Island) (24.66°/-78.52°) (2.1 km2) Anolis sagrei ordinatus High Cay (24.65°/-77.70°) (0.07 km2) Anolis sagrei ordinatus High Ridge Cay (Middle Bight) (24.28°/-77.78°) (5.49 km2) Osteopilus septentrionalis Anolis sagrei ordinatus Hog Cay (South Bight) (24.16°/-77.66°) (4.0 km2) Osteopilus septentrionalis Anolis smaragdinus ssp. Cyclura cychlura cychlura Leiocephalus carinatus ssp. Iguana Island (South Bight) (24.04°/-77.74°) (0.008 km2) Cyclura cychlura cychlura Linda Cay (= Linder Cay) (24.19°/-77.67°) (15.83 km2) Cyclura cychlura cychlura Little Saddleback Cay (24.93°/-77.91°) (0.005 km2) Sphaerodactylus nigropunctatus ssp. Anolis sagrei ssp. POWELL AND HENDERSON: Island lists of West Indian amphibians and reptiles 97 Little Sandy Cay (South Bight) (24.10°/-77.68°) (0.037 km2) Cyclura cychlura cychlura Little Wood Cay (Middle Bight) (24.28°/-77.97°) (12.34 km2) Cyclura cychlura cychlura Long Cay (24.74°/-77.77°) (0.03 km2) Anolis sagrei ssp. Pigeon Cay (24.88°/-77.89°) (0.02 km2) Anolis sagrei ordinatus Anolis smaragdinus ssp. phaerodact lus nigropunctatus a icauda Pit Stop Cay (South Bight) (24.04°/-77.73°) (0.05 km2) Cyclura cychlura cychlura Leiocephalus carinatus ssp. Pure Gold (? = Pure Gold Point, South Andros) (23.97°/-77.52) Osteopilus septentrionalis Anolis distichus distichoides Anolis sagrei ordinatus Anolis smaragdinus ssp. Rat Cay (24.98°/-77.93°) (0.007 km2) Anolis sagrei ordinatus Sphaerodactylus notatus amaurus Reid Cay (= Reids Cay, Middle Bight) (24.30°/-77.91°) (2.57 km2) Ameiva auberi ssp. Leiocephalus carinatus coryi Sphaerodactylus notatus amaurus Saddleback Cay (24.93°/-77.92°) (0.04 km2) Anolis sagrei ssp. Anolis smaragdinus ssp. Leiocephalus carinatus ssp. Sphaerodactylus nigropunctatus ssp. Sandy Cay (South Bight) (24.08°/-77.70°) (2.90 km2) Ameiva auberi ssp. Anolis sagrei ordinatus Cyclura cychlura cychlura Leiocephalus carinatus coryi Cubophis vudii vudii Sheep Cay (25.22°/-78.23°) (0.10 km2) Anolis sagrei ordinatus South Joulter Cay (25.29°/-78.12°) (3.94 km2) Anolis sagrei ordinatus Leiocephalus carinatus coryi Steamer Cay (South Bight) (24.03°/-77.76°) (0.74 km2) Cyclura cychlura cychlura William Cay (= Williams Island) (24.66°/-78.46°) (14.69 km2) Leiocephalus carinatus coryi Sphaerodactylus notatus amaurus Berry ISlandS (31 km2) Alder Cay (25.54°/-77.71°) (0.43 km2) Anolis sagrei ordinatus phaerodact lus nigropunctatus a icauda Sphaerodactylus notatus amaurus Bond Cay (= Bond’s Cay) (25.49°/-77.72°) (2.62 km2) Osteopilus septentrionalis Ameiva auberi multilineata Anolis sagrei ordinatus Leiocephalus carinatus ssp. Sphaerodactylus notatus amaurus Cubophis vudii vudii Cat Cay (25.41°/-77.81°) (0.16 km2) Anolis sagrei ordinatus Leiocephalus carinatus coryi Chub Cay (25.41°/-77.89°) (1.85 km2) Ameiva auberi multilineata Anolis sagrei ordinatus phaerodact lus nigropunctatus a icauda Sphaerodactylus notatus amaurus Cubophis vudii vudii Epicrates striatus fowleri Cistern Cay (25.78°/-77.89°) (1.38 km2) Osteopilus septentrionalis Ameiva auberi multilineata Anolis sagrei ordinatus Devil’s Cay (25.60°/-77.73°) (0.43 km2) Ameiva auberi multilineata Leiocephalus carinatus coryi Frazier’s Hog Cay (= Frazer’s Hog Cay) (25.42°/-77.84°) (3.55 km2) Osteopilus septentrionalis Ameiva auberi multilineata Anolis angusticeps oligaspis Anolis distichus distichoides Anolis sagrei ordinatus Anolis smaragdinus lerneri Leiocephalus carinatus coryi phaerodact lus nigropunctatus a icauda Sphaerodactylus notatus amaurus Tropidophis curtus curtus Typhlops biminiensis Goat Cay (25.81°/-77.90°) (0.09 km2) Anolis sagrei ordinatus Great Harbour Cay (25.77°/-77.87°) (25.9 km2) Eleutherodactylus rogersi Osteopilus septentrionalis Ameiva auberi multilineata Anolis angusticeps ssp. Anolis distichus distichoides Anolis sagrei ordinatus Anolis smaragdinus lerneri Ctenosaura similis (I) Leiocephalus carinatus coryi phaerodact lus nigropunctatus a icauda 98 BULLETIN FLORIDA MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 51(2) Sphaerodactylus notatus amaurus Cubophis vudii vudii Epicrates striatus fowleri Tropidophis curtus ssp. Typhlops lumbricalis Alligator mississippiensis (I, PX?) Great Stirrup Cay (25.82°/-77.91°) (1.01 km2) Anolis sagrei ordinatus Anolis smaragdinus smaragdinus Iguana iguana (I) Ctenosaura similis (I) phaerodact lus nigropunctatus a icauda Sphaerodactylus notatus amaurus Hoffman’s Cay (= Holmes Cay) (25.63°/-77.74°) (1.66 km2) Ameiva auberi multilineata Anolis sagrei ordinatus Anolis smaragdinus lerneri Leiocephalus carinatus coryi phaerodact lus nigropunctatus a icauda Sphaerodactylus notatus amaurus Lignum Vitae Cay (25.79°/-77.89°) (0.54 km2) Anolis distichus distichoides Anolis sagrei ordinatus Little Harbour Cay (25.58°/-77.72°) (0.94 km2) Ameiva auberi multilineata Anolis distichus distichoides Anolis sagrei ordinatus Anolis smaragdinus lerneri Little Stirrup Cay (= Coco Cay) (25.82°/-77.94°) (0.39 km2) Iguana iguana (I) Whale Cay (25.42°/-77.78°) (3.46 km2) Anolis sagrei ordinatus BIMInI ISlandS (23 km2) East Bimini (25.75°/-79.25°) (5.81 km2) Ameiva auberi richmondi Anolis sagrei ordinatus Leiocephalus carinatus coryi Cubophis vudii picticeps Epicrates striatus fosteri Easter Cay (= Easter sland) (not identified) Ameiva auberi richmondi Leiocephalus carinatus coryi Cubophis vudii picticeps Epicrates striatus fosteri Gun Cay (25.58°/-79.29°) (0.16 km2) Ameiva auberi richmondi Anolis sagrei ordinatus Anolis smaragdinus lerneri phaerodact lus nigropunctatus a icauda Sphaerodactylus notatus amaurus Tropidophis curtus curtus North Bimini (25.75°/-79.28°) (3.74 km2) Ameiva auberi richmondi Anolis angusticeps oligaspis Anolis sagrei ordinatus Anolis smaragdinus lerneri Leiocephalus carinatus coryi Sphaerodactylus argus (I?) Sphaerodactylus notatus amaurus Cubophis vudii picticeps Epicrates striatus fosteri Tropidophis curtus curtus Typhlops biminiensis North Cat Cay (= North Cat Island) (25.56°/-79.28°) (1.1 km2) Anolis sagrei ordinatus Anolis smaragdinus lerneri South Bimini (25.70°/-79.27°) (8.31 km2) Eleutherodactylus planirostris Osteopilus septentrionalis Trachemys sp. (I) Ameiva auberi richmondi Anolis angusticeps oligaspis Anolis distichus biminiensis Anolis sagrei ordinatus Anolis smaragdinus lerneri Leiocephalus carinatus coryi phaerodact lus nigropunctatus a icauda Sphaerodactylus notatus amaurus Cubophis vudii picticeps Epicrates striatus fosteri Tropidophis curtus curtus Typhlops biminiensis Typhlops lumbricalis South Cat Cay (= South Cat Island) (25.53°/-79.26)(0.31 km2) Ameiva auberi richmondi Anolis sagrei ordinatus Sphaerodactylus notatus amaurus Tocas Cay (in Bimini Bay) (= Toktos Cay = Sandy Cay) (25.72°/-79.29°) (0.003 km2) Anolis sagrei ordinatus Cat ISland (24.40°/-75.52°) (389 km2) Eleutherodactylus rogersi Osteopilus septentrionalis Trachemys terrapen (felis) Ameiva auberi felis Anolis angusticeps oligaspis Anolis distichus distichoides x A. d. dapsilis x A. d. ocior Anolis sagrei ordinatus Anolis smaragdinus smaragdinus Leiocephalus carinatus hodsdoni Sphaerodactylus nigropunctatus ssp. Sphaerodactylus notatus amaurus Cubophis vudii vudii Epicrates striatus ailurus POWELL AND HENDERSON: Island lists of West Indian amphibians and reptiles 99 Tropidophis curtus barbouri Typhlops lumbricalis Alligator Cay (24.54°/-75.64°) (1.0 km2) Epicrates striatus ailurus Cay loBoS (22.38°/-77.59°) (0.004 km2) Anolis sagrei ssp. Cay verde (22.03°/-75.20°) (0.16 km2) Ameiva sp. Anolis sp. Leiocephalus carinatus hodsdoni Cubophis sp. eleuthera (25.20°/-76.24°) (518 km2) Eleutherodactylus rogersi Osteopilus septentrionalis Chelonoidis sp. (F) Trachemys terrapen Ameiva auberi thoracica Anolis angusticeps oligaspis Anolis distichus ssp. Anolis sagrei ordinatus Anolis smaragdinus smaragdinus Leiocephalus carinatus virescens Hemidactylus mabouia (I?) Sphaerodactylus copei cataplexis (I) Sphaerodactylus nigropunctatus nigropunctatus Sphaerodactylus notatus amaurus Tarentola americana warreni Cubophis vudii vudii Epicrates striatus strigilatus Tropidophis curtus barbouri Typhlops lumbricalis Crocodylus sp. (F) Current Island (25.35°/-76.82°) (8.8 km2) Eleutherodactylus rogersi Ameiva auberi thoracica Anolis smaragdinus smaragdinus Sphaerodactylus nigropunctatus nigropunctatus Sphaerodactylus notatus amaurus Cubophis vudii vudii Harbour Island (25.50°/-76.64°) (2.59 km2) Anolis distichus ssp. Anolis sagrei ordinatus Opheodrys aestivus (I) North Eleuthera (25.50°/-76.72°) (105.5 km2) Osteopilus septentrionalis Pimlico Cays (= Pimlico Islands) (25.33°/-76.87°) (0.32 km2) Anolis sagrei ordinatus Royal Island (25.52°/-76.84°) (1.71 km2) Eleutherodactylus rogersi Anolis distichus dapsilis Anolis sagrei ordinatus Anolis smaragdinus smaragdinus Sphaerodactylus notatus amaurus Cubophis vudii vudii Tropidophis curtus curtus Windemere Island (25.07°/-76.12°) (2.69 km2) Ameiva auberi thoracica Anolis sagrei ordinatus Anolis smaragdinus ssp. Cubophis vudii vudii exuMa Great exuMa ISland (23.50°/-75.77°) (215 km2) Eleutherodactylus rogersi Osteopilus septentrionalis Trachemys sp. Ameiva auberi obsoleta Anolis angusticeps oligaspis Anolis distichus distichus Anolis sagrei ordinatus Anolis smaragdinus smaragdinus Iguana iguana (W) Hemidactylus mabouia (I?) Leiocephalus carinatus virescens Sphaerodactylus nigropunctatus gibbus Sphaerodactylus notatus amaurus Cubophis vudii vudii Epicrates striatus strigilatus Typhlops lumbricalis lIttle exuMa ISland (23.43°/-75.59°) (34.58 km2) Eleutherodactylus rogersi Osteopilus septentrionalis Trachemys sp. Ameiva auberi obsoleta Anolis distichus distichus Anolis sagrei ordinatus Anolis smaragdinus smaragdinus Sphaerodactylus nigropunctatus gibbus Sphaerodactylus notatus amaurus Cubophis vudii vudii Tropidophis curtus barbouri Typhlops lumbricalis northern exuMa CayS 2nd Cay N of Leaf Cay (24.75°/-76.83°) (0.002 km2) Cyclura cychlura inornata 4th Cay N of Leaf Cay (24.76°/-76.83°) (0.006 km2) Anolis sagrei ssp. Allen Cay (= Allan’s Cay) (24.75°/-76.84°) (0.065 km2) Anolis sagrei ordinatus Cyclura cychlura inornata Sphaerodactylus nigropunctatus Cubophis vudii vudii Alligator Cay (24.39°/-76.64°) (0.018 km2) Anolis sagrei ordinatus Cyclura cychlura inornata (I) Leiocephalus carinatus virescens 100 BULLETIN FLORIDA MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 51(2) Sphaerodactylus nigropunctatus gibbus Sphaerodactylus notatus amaurus Tarentola americana warreni Cubophis vudii vudii Barn Owl Cay (24.77°/-76.83°) (0.11 km2) Anolis sagrei ssp. Cyclura cychlura inornata Bell Island (= Bells Cay) (24.30°/-76.56°) (1.41 km2) Eleutherodactylus rogersi Osteopilus septentrionalis Ameiva auberi obsoleta Anolis distichus distichus Anolis sagrei ordinatus Anolis smaragdinus smaragdinus Sphaerodactylus notatus amaurus Cubophis vudii vudii Epicrates striatus strigilatus Bush Hill Cay (24.57°/-76.79°) (0.03 km2) Anolis sagrei ordinatus Cyclura rileyi nuchalis (I) Sphaerodactylus notatus amaurus Flat Rock Reef Cay (24.76°/-76.83°) (0.044 km2) Anolis sagrei ordinatus Cyclura cychlura inornata Leiocephalus carinatus ssp. Sphaerodactylus sp. Hall’s Pond Cay (24.35°/-76.58°) (1.76 km2) Anolis distichus distichus Anolis sagrei ordinatus Anolis smaragdinus smaragdinus Sphaerodactylus nigropunctatus gibbus Sphaerodactylus notatus amaurus Tarentola americana warreni Hawksbill Cay (24.48°/-76.77°) (2.76 km2) Eleutherodactylus rogersi Ameiva auberi obsoleta Anolis distichus distichus Anolis sagrei ordinatus Anolis smaragdinus smaragdinus Leiocephalus carinatus virescens Sphaerodactylus notatus amaurus Tarentola americana warreni Cubophis vudii vudii Epicrates striatus strigilatus Tropidophis curtus barbouri Hawksbill No. 1 Cay (24.46°/-76.76°) (0.017 km2) Anolis sagrei ordinatus Highborne Cay (= Hyburn Cay) (24.72°/-76.82°) (2.29 km2) Anolis sagrei ordinatus Hog Cay (24.37°/-76.61°) (0.06 km2) Ameiva auberi obsoleta Anolis sagrei ordinatus Leiocephalus carinatus virescens Sphaerodactylus nigropunctatus gibbus Leaf Cay (= Allen Cay) (24.75°/-76.84°) (0.044 km2) Anolis sagrei ordinatus Cyclura cychlura inornata Leiocephalus carinatus virescens Sphaerodactylus n. nigropunctatus x S. n. gibbus Tarentola americana warreni Little Bell Island (= Little Bells Cay = Cambridge Cay) (24.30°/-76.53°) (1.03 km2) Ameiva auberi obsoleta Anolis sagrei ordinatus Sphaerodactylus nigropunctatus gibbus Sphaerodactylus notatus amaurus Little Cistern Cay (24.46°/-76.74°) (0.15 km2) Anolis sagrei ordinatus Sphaerodactylus nigropunctatus gibbus Sphaerodactylus notatus amaurus Little Hawksbill Cay (24.46°/-76.76°) (0.16 km2) Sphaerodactylus nigropunctatus gibbus Little Norman’s Cay (= Saddle Cay) (24.65°/-76.81) (0.22 km2) Anolis sagrei ordinatus Leiocephalus carinatus virescens Sphaerodactylus n. nigropunctatus x S. n. gibbus Little Wax Cay (24.56°/-76.79°) (0.19 km2) Anolis sagrei ordinatus Long Cay (24.68°/-76.81°) (0.29 km2) Leiocephalus carinatus virescens Long Rock Cay (= West Shroud Cay = Long Cay) (24.40°/-76.66°) (0.12 km2) Anolis sagrei ordinatus Sphaerodactylus notatus amaurus Tarentola americana warreni Cubophis vudii vudii Tropidophis curtus ssp. Typhlops sp. Malabar Cays (24.37°/-76.63°) (0.024 km2) Anolis sagrei ordinatus Sphaerodactylus nigropunctatus gibbus Marion Cay (24.37°/-76.60°) (0.022 km2) Anolis sagrei ordinatus Sphaerodactylus nigropunctatus gibbus Narrow Water Cay (24.39°/-76.64°) (0.18 km2) Ameiva auberi obsoleta Anolis sagrei ordinatus Cyclura cychlura inornata (I) Leiocephalus carinatus virescens Sphaerodactylus nigropunctatus gibbus Sphaerodactylus notatus amaurus Cubophis vudii vudii Noddy Cay (24.41°/-76.65°) (0.022 km2) Anolis sagrei ordinatus POWELL AND HENDERSON: Island lists of West Indian amphibians and reptiles 101 Norman’s Cay (24.62°/-76.82°) (3.57 km2) Anolis distichus distichus O’Brien Cay (= O’Brien’s Cay) (24.32°/-76.55°) (0.54 km2) Anolis sagrei ordinatus Leiocephalus carinatus virescens Sphaerodactylus notatus amaurus Pasture Cay (24.32°/-76.56°) (0.043 km2) Anolis sagrei ordinatus C clura c clura figginsi (I) Sphaerodactylus nigropunctatus gibbus Cubophis vudii vudii Rader’s Rock (24.39°/-76.63°) (0.003 km2) Anolis sagrei ordinatus Richard’s Rock (24.40°/-76.64°) (0.005 km2) Anolis sagrei ordinatus Sphaerodactylus nigropunctatus gibbus Tarentola americana warreni Roberts Cay (24.80°/-76.83°) (0.044 km2) Cyclura cychlura inornata (I) Rocky Dundas Cay (24.28°/-76.54°) (0.045 km2) Anolis sagrei ordinatus Sphaerodactylus notatus amaurus Cubophis vudii vudii Sandy Cay (24.34°/-76.59°) (0.036 km2) Anolis sagrei ordinatus Sphaerodactylus nigropunctatus gibbus Ship Channel Cay (24.82°/-76.82°) (1.49 km2) Ameiva auberi focalis Anolis sagrei ordinatus Anolis smaragdinus smaragdinus Leiocephalus carinatus virescens Sphaerodactylus n. nigropunctatus x S. n. gibbus Sphaerodactylus notatus amaurus Cubophis vudii vudii Shroud Cay (24.53°/-76.78°) (7.74 km2) Ameiva auberi obsoleta Anolis smaragdinus smaragdinus Leiocephalus carinatus virescens Sphaerodactylus nigropunctatus gibbus Sphaerodactylus notatus amaurus Soldier Cay (24.33°/-76.56°) (0.24 km2) Anolis sagrei ordinatus Sooty Cay (24.41°/-76.64°) (0.036 km2) Anolis sagrei ordinatus South Halls Pond Cay (24.33°/-76.56°) (0.25 km2) Anolis sagrei ordinatus Southeastern Flat Rock Reef Cay (24.75°/-76.83) (0.007 km2) Cyclura cychlura inornata Leiocephalus carinatus ssp. SW Allen’s Cay (= U-Cay = SW Allan’s Cay) (24.74°/-76.84°) (0.039 km2) Osteopilus septentrionalis Anolis sagrei ordinatus Cyclura cychlura inornata Leiocephalus carinatus virescens Tarentola americana warreni Waderick Wells Cay (= Warderick Wells) (24.39°/-76.62°) (1.32 km2) Eleutherodactylus rogersi Ameiva auberi obsoleta Anolis distichus distichus Anolis sagrei ordinatus Anolis smaragdinus smaragdinus Cyclura cychlura inornata (I, PX) Leiocephalus carinatus virescens Sphaerodactylus nigropunctatus gibbus Sphaerodactylus notatus amaurus Tarentola americana warreni Cubophis vudii vudii Typhlops sp. Wax Cay (24.58°/-76.80°) (0.48 km2) Anolis sagrei ordinatus Anolis smaragdinus smaragdinus Leiocephalus carinatus virescens White Bay Cay (24.34°/76.60°) (0.10 km2) Leiocephalus carinatus virescens Central exuMa CayS Big Farmer’s Cay (23.94°/-76.30°) (2.10 km2) Anolis sagrei ssp. Sphaerodactylus nigropunctatus gibbus Sphaerodactylus notatus amaurus Bitter Guana Cay (24.14°/-76.42°) (0.88 km2) Ameiva auberi obsoleta Anolis sagrei ordinatus C clura c chlura figginsi Bock Cay (= Peace and Plenty Cay) (23.81°/-76.17°) (1.55 km2) Ameiva auberi obsoleta Anolis distichus distichus Anolis sagrei ordinatus Anolis smaragdinus smaragdinus C clura c chlura figginsi Sphaerodactylus nigropunctatus gibbus Tarentola americana warreni Cave Cay (23.91°/-76.27°) (1.10 km2) Ameiva auberi obsoleta Leiocephalus carinatus ssp. Sphaerodactylus nigropunctatus gibbus Compass Cay (24.27°/-76.52°) (2.87 km2) Eleutherodactylus rogersi Ameiva auberi obsoleta Anolis sagrei ordinatus 102 BULLETIN FLORIDA MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 51(2) Anolis smaragdinus smaragdinus Leiocephalus carinatus virescens Sphaerodactylus nigropunctatus gibbus Sphaerodactylus notatus amaurus Epicrates striatus strigilatus Darby Cay (= Darby Island) (23.85°/-76.22°) (2.18 km2) Eleutherodactylus rogersi Trachemys sp. (?) Anolis distichus distichus Sphaerodactylus nigropunctatus gibbus Galliot Cay (= Big Galliot Cay) (23.92°/-76.29°) (0.11 km2) Anolis sagrei ordinatus Gaulin Cay (= Gaulin Cay South) (24.12°/-76.40°) (0.17 km2) Ameiva auberi obsoleta C clura c chlura figginsi Great Guana Cay (24.03°/-76.37°) (12.3 km2) Eleutherodactylus rogersi Osteopilus septentrionalis Ameiva auberi obsoleta Anolis smaragdinus smaragdinus C clura c chlura figginsi (PX) Leiocephalus carinatus virescens Sphaerodactylus nigropunctatus gibbus Sphaerodactylus notatus amaurus Tarentola americana warreni Joe Cay (24.25°/-76.50°) (0.53 km2) Anolis sagrei ordinatus Sphaerodactylus notatus amaurus Kemp Cay (24.23°/-76.50°) (0.15 km2) Anolis sagrei ordinatus Leaf Cay (off Norman’s Pond Cay) (23.79°/-76.13°) (0.13 km2) Anolis sagrei ssp. Anolis smaragdinus ssp. C clura c chlura figginsi Lee Stocking Island (23.77°/-76.09°) (2.20 km2) Osteopilus septentrionalis Ameiva auberi obsoleta Anolis distichus distichus Anolis sagrei ordinatus Anolis smaragdinus smaragdinus C clura c chlura figginsi (PX) Tarentola americana warreni Epicrates striatus strigilatus Lignum Vitae Cay (off Norman’s Pond Cay) (23.80°/-76.15°) (0.018 km2) Anolis sagrei ordinatus C clura c chlura figginsi (I) Little Farmer’s Cay (23.96°/-76.32°) (0.67 km2) Anolis distichus distichus Anolis sagrei ordinatus Anolis smaragdinus smaragdinus Musha Cay (= Moosha Cay) (23.89°/-76.26°) (0.47 km2) Ameiva auberi obsoleta Anolis distichus distichus Anolis sagrei ordinatus Noddy Cay (= Prickly Pear Cay = Guana Cay = Dildo Cay) (off Norman’s Pond Cay) (23.80°/-76.14°) (0.07 km2) C clura c chlura figginsi Anolis smaragdinus ssp. Norman’s Pond Cay (23.78°/-76.13°) (2.18 km2) Anolis sagrei ordinatus Anolis smaragdinus smaragdinus C clura c chlura figginsi North Adderly Cay (= No Name Cay) (23.79°/-76.12) (0.07 km2) Ameiva auberi ssp. C clura c chlura figginsi Leiocephalus carinatus virescens Sphaerodactylus nigropunctatus gibbus Pipe Cay (24.24°/-76.52°) (1.33 km2) Osteopilus septentrionalis Ameiva auberi obsoleta Anolis sagrei ordinatus Sphaerodactylus notatus amaurus Tropidophis curtus barbouri Typhlops lumbricalis Rudder Cut Cay (23.88°/-76.24°) (1.63 km2) Ameiva auberi obsoleta Anolis distichus distichus Anolis sagrei ordinatus Anolis smaragdinus smaragdinus Leiocephalus carinatus virescens Sphaerodactylus nigropunctatus gibbus Sphaerodactylus notatus amaurus Tarentola americana warreni Cubophis vudii vudii Sampson Cay (24.21°/-76.47°) (2.1 km2) Ameiva auberi obsoleta Anolis distichus distichus Anolis sagrei ordinatus Anolis smaragdinus smaragdinus Sphaerodactylus nigropunctatus gibbus Leiocephalus carinatus ssp. Staniel Cay (24.17°/-76.44°) (1.69 km2) Eleutherodactylus rogersi Ameiva auberi obsoleta Anolis distichus distichus Anolis sagrei ordinatus Anolis smaragdinus smaragdinus Sphaerodactylus nigropunctatus gibbus Sphaerodactylus notatus amaurus Tropidophis curtus barbouri Typhlops lumbricalis POWELL AND HENDERSON: Island lists of West Indian amphibians and reptiles 103 Thomas Cay (24.23°/-76.49°) (0.46 km2) Leiocephalus carinatus virescens White Bay Cay (off Norman’s Pond Cay) (23.80°/-76.15°) (0.055 km2) Ameiva auberi obsoleta Anolis sagrei ssp. C clura c chlura figginsi Leiocephalus carinatus virescens Sphaerodactylus nigropunctatus gibbus William’s Cay (23.76°/-76.08°) (0.75 km2) Anolis sagrei ordinatus Southern exuMa CayS Barraterre Cay (= Barataria) (23.69°/-76.05°) (11.15 km2) Anolis distichus distichus Anolis sagrei ordinatus Anolis smaragdinus smaragdinus Sphaerodactylus notatus amaurus Cluff’s Cay (= Clovis Cay) (23.69°/-76.09°) (0.58 km2) Anolis smaragdinus smaragdinus C clura c chlura figginsi (I) Duck Cay (23.45°/-76.04°) (0.087 km2) Anolis sagrei ordinatus Elizabeth Cay (= Elizabeth Island) (23.51°/-75.73°) (0.42 km2) Ameiva auberi obsoleta Leiocephalus carinatus virescens Guana Cay (= cay SE of Jewfish Cay) (23.44 /-75.91) (0.21 km2) Anolis smaragdinus ssp. C clura c chlura figginsi Sphaerodactylus notatus ssp. Hog Cay (23.39°/-75.48°) (2.91 km2) Trachemys sp. Sphaerodactylus nigropunctatus gibbus Jewfish Cay (= Hummingbird Cay) (23.46°/-75.94) (0.96 km2) Anolis sagrei ordinatus Sphaerodactylus nigropunctatus gibbus Sphaerodactylus notatus amaurus Cubophis vudii vudii Pigeon Cay (23.47°/-75.62°) (0.088 km2) Ameiva auberi obsoleta Leiocephalus carinatus virescens Sphaerodactylus nigropunctatus gibbus Stocking Island (= Stocky Cay?) (23.53°/-75.76°) (2.34 km2) Anolis sagrei ordinatus Anolis smaragdinus smaragdinus Sphaerodactylus nigropunctatus gibbus White Cay (= Sandy Cay) (23.40°/-75.44°) (0.14 km2) Anolis sagrei ssp. Cyclura rileyi cristata Sphaerodactylus nigropunctatus Green Cay (= Tongue of Ocean) (24.04°/-77.17°) (2.15 km2) Eleutherodactylus rogersi Ameiva auberi parvinsulae Anolis distichus distichus Anolis sagrei ordinatus Leiocephalus carinatus virescens Sphaerodactylus nigropunctatus gibbus Sphaerodactylus notatus amaurus Cubophis vudii vudii lIttle San Salvador (= Half Moon Cay) (24.57°/-75.93°) (9.26 km2) Eleutherodactylus rogersi Chelonoidis sp. (F) Ameiva auberi thoracica Anolis distichus dapsilis Anolis sagrei ordinatus Anolis smaragdinus smaragdinus Cyclura cychlura inornata (I) Leiocephalus carinatus hodsdoni Sphaerodactylus nigropunctatus gibbus Sphaerodactylus notatus ssp. Cubophis vudii vudii Goat Cay (24.60°/-75.89°) (0.053 km2) Anolis sagrei ordinatus Leiocephalus carinatus hodsdoni lonG ISland (23.25°/-75.12°) (596 km2) Eleutherodactylus rogersi Osteopilus septentrionalis Trachemys sp. Ameiva auberi obsoleta Anolis angusticeps oligaspis Anolis distichus distichus Anolis sagrei ordinatus Anolis smaragdinus smaragdinus Hemidactylus mabouia (I?) Leiocephalus carinatus hodsdoni Sphaerodactylus nigropunctatus gibbus Sphaerodactylus notatus amaurus Tarentola americana warreni Epicrates striatus strigilatus Cubophis vudii vudii Tropidophis curtus barbouri Typhlops lumbricalis Iguana Cay (= Pinder’s Cay) (23.31°/-75.10°) (0.024 km2) Leiocephalus carinatus hodsdoni Salt Pond Cay (23.10°/-74.94°) (0.022 km2) Leiocephalus carinatus hodsdoni Violet Cay (= Long Island) Leiocephalus carinatus hodsdoni new provIdenCe ISland (25.03°/-77.40°) (207 km2) Eleutherodactylus planirostris Gastrophryne carolinensis (I) Osteopilus septentrionalis 104 BULLETIN FLORIDA MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 51(2) Lithobates grylio (I) Chelonoidis sp. (F) Trachemys decorata (I) Trachemys terrapen x T. stejnegeri (I?) Ameiva auberi thoracica Anolis angusticeps oligaspis Anolis distichus distichus Anolis equestris ssp. (I) Anolis smaragdinus smaragdinus Anolis sagrei ordinatus Basiliscus sp. (W) Cyclura sp. (PE) Hemidactylus garnotii (I) Hemidactylus mabouia (I?) Leiocephalus carinatus ssp. (F*, I) Sphaerodactylus argus (I?) Sphaerodactylus copei cataplexis (I) Sphaerodactylus nigropunctatus nigropunctatus Sphaerodactylus notatus amaurus Cubophis vudii vudii Epicrates striatus strigilatus Pantherophis guttatus (I) Ramphotyphlops braminus (I) Thamnophis sauritus sackeni (W) Thamnophis sirtalis sirtalis (W) Tropidophis curtus curtus Typhlops biminiensis Typhlops lumbricalis Crocodylus sp. (PE) Athol Island (25.08°/-77.27°) (0.45 km2) Eleutherodactylus planirostris Anolis sagrei ordinatus Anolis smaragdinus smaragdinus Sphaerodactylus notatus amaurus Hog Cay (= Hog Island = Paradise Island) (25.08°/-77.32°) (3.26 km2) Osteopilus septentrionalis Ameiva auberi thoracica Anolis distichus distichus Anolis equestris (I) Anolis sagrei ordinatus Hemidactylus mabouia (I?) Cubophis vudii vudii Rose Island (25.10°/-77.16°) (3.33 km2) Ameiva auberi thoracica Leiocephalus carinatus ssp. Sphaerodactylus nigropunctatus nigropunctatus Epicrates striatus strigilatus Salt Cay (25.10°/-77.28°) (0.35 km2) Ameiva auberi ssp. Anolis sagrei ssp. Spruce Cay (25.08°/-77.27°) (0.019 km2) Leiocephalus carinatus ssp. raGGed ISland ranGe Great Ragged Island (22.20°/-75.73°) (12.0 km2) Ameiva auberi bilateralis Anolis distichus distichus Anolis sagrei ordinatus Anolis smaragdinus smaragdinus Leiocephalus carinatus hodsdoni Sphaerodactylus nigropunctatus porrasi Sphaerodactylus notatus amaurus Tarentola americana warreni Tropidophis curtus barbouri Typhlops lumbricalis Little Ragged Island (22.16°/-75.71°) (2.89 km2) Ameiva auberi bilateralis Anolis distichus distichus Anolis sagrei ordinatus Anolis smaragdinus smaragdinus Leiocephalus carinatus hodsdoni Sphaerodactylus nigropunctatus porrasi Sphaerodactylus notatus amaurus Tarentola americana warreni Cubophis vudii vudii Epicrates striatus mccranei Typhlops biminiensis Typhlops lumbricalis raGGed CayS Hog Cay (22.25°/-75.75°) (2.55 km2) Ameiva auberi bilateralis Anolis sagrei ordinatus Anolis smaragdinus smaragdinus Johnson Cay (22.34°/-75.78°) (0.25 km2) Leiocephalus carinata hodsdoni Knife Cay (22.49°/-75.84°) (0.04 km2) Anolis sagrei ordinatus Leiocephalus carinatus hodsdoni Margaret Cay (22.30°/-75.78°) (1.53 km2) Anolis sagrei ssp. Epicrates striatus mccraniei Maycock Cay (22.29°/-75.76°) (1.22 km2) Ameiva auberi bilateralis Sphaerodactylus notatus amaurus Nurse Cay (22.47°/-75.84°) (1.95 km2) Ameiva auberi bilateralis Anolis sagrei ordinatus Raccoon Cay (22.37°/-75.81°) (4.54 km2) Ameiva auberi bilateralis South Channel Cay (22.50°/-75.85°) (0.07 km2) Leiocephalus carinatus hodsdoni Sphaerodactylus notatus amaurus POWELL AND HENDERSON: Island lists of West Indian amphibians and reptiles 105 JuMentoS CayS Flamingo Cay (22.88°/-75.87°) (0.96 km2) Ameiva auberi bilateralis Anolis distichus distichus Anolis sagrei ordinatus Anolis smaragdinus smaragdinus Leiocephalus carinatus hodsdoni Sphaerodactylus nigropunctatus porrasi Sphaerodactylus notatus amaurus Tarentola americana warreni Cubophis vudii ssp. Pear Cay (23.13°/-75.53°) (0.03 km2) Anolis sagrei ordinatus Leiocephalus carinatus hodsdoni Sphaerodactylus nigropunctatus porrasi Water Cay (23.01°/-75.72°) (0.51 km2) Ameiva auberi bilateralis Anolis distichus distichus Anolis sagrei ordinatus Anolis smaragdinus smaragdinus Leiocephalus carinatus hodsdoni Sphaerodactylus nigropunctatus porrasi Sphaerodactylus notatus amaurus Tarentola americana warreni GREAT INAGUA BANK Great InaGua (21.01°/-73.18°) (1,552 km2) Eleutherodactylus planirostris (I?) Osteopilus septentrionalis (I?) Trachemys stejnegeri malonei (I?) Ameiva maynardii maynardii Ameiva maynardii uniformis Anolis scriptus leucophaeus Aristelliger barbouri Leiocephalus inaguae Sphaerodactylus inaguae Sphaerodactylus notatus atactis (I?) Cubophis vudii utowanae Epicrates chrysogaster relicquus Tropidophis canus Typhlops paradoxus Crocodylus sp. (W) Sheep Island (= Sheep Cay) (21.13°/-73.59°) (0.25 km2) Ameiva maynardii maynardii Aristelliger barbouri Anolis scriptus leucophaeus Sphaerodactylus inaguae Cubophis vudii utowanae Epicrates chrysogaster relicquus LITTLE INAGUA BANK lIttle InaGua (21.50°/-73.00°) (127 km2) Ameiva maynardii parvinaguae Aristelliger barbouri Anolis scriptus leucophaeus Hypsirhynchus parvifrons (W?) LITTLE BAHAMA BANK aBaCo Great Abaco (26.38°/-77.12°) (1,681 km2) Eleutherodactylus planirostris Osteopilus septentrionalis Chelonoidis alburyorum (F) Trachemys sp. (I?) Anolis distichus ssp. (I?) Anolis smaragdinus (I) Anolis sagrei ordinatus (F*) Cyclura sp. (F) Leiocephalus carinatus armouri Sphaerodactylus notatus peltastes Cubophis sp. (F) Cubophis vudii aterrimus Epicrates exsul Epicrates striatus (F) Pantherophis alleghaniensis ssp. (I) Typhlops lumbricalis Typhlops sp. (F) Crocodylus rhombifer (F) Little Abaco Island (26.89°/-77.64°) (60 km2) Eleutherodactylus planirostris Osteopilus septentrionalis Anolis sagrei ordinatus Leiocephalus carinatus armouri Sphaerodactylus notatus peltastes Cubophis vudii aterrimus Epicrates exsul Typhlops lumbricalis aBaCo CayS Cave Cay (26.87°/-77.90°) (1.76 km2) Anolis sagrei ordinatus Leiocephalus carinatus armouri Crab Cay (26.81°/-77.36°) (0.81 km2) Anolis sagrei ordinatus Leiocephalus carinatus armouri Sphaerodactylus notatus peltastes Elbow Cay (26.52°/-76.97°) (4.51 km2) Osteopilus septentrionalis Anolis sagrei ordinatus Leiocephalus carinatus armouri Sphaerodactylus notatus peltastes Epicrates exsul Fiddle Cay (26.81°/-77.35°) (0.088 km2) Leiocephalus carinatus armouri Sphaerodactylus notatus peltastes Fox’s Island (not identified) Anolis sagrei ordinatus Great Guana Cay (26.67°/-77.11°) (4.83 km2) Anolis sagrei ordinatus Leiocephalus carinatus armouri Sphaerodactylus notatus peltastes 106 BULLETIN FLORIDA MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 51(2) Green Turtle Cay (26.77°/-77.33°) (4.16 km2) Anolis sagrei ordinatus Leiocephalus carinatus armouri Sphaerodactylus notatus peltastes Epicrates exsul Joe’s Cay (27.10°/-78.06°) (0.137 km2) Leiocephalus carinatus armouri Little Sale Cay (27.04°/-78.17°) (0.096 km2) Leiocephalus carinatus armouri Mangrove Cay (26.87°/-77.72°) (0.85 km2) Anolis sagrei ordinatus Sphaerodactylus notatus peltastes Manjack Cay (= Nunjack Cay) (26.83°/-77.37°) (2.70 km2) Anolis sagrei ordinatus Leiocephalus carinatus armouri Sphaerodactylus notatus peltastes Man O’War Cay (26.60°/-77.00°) (1.12 km2) Anolis sagrei ordinatus Hemidactylus garnotii (I) Moraine Cay (27.04°/-77.77°) (0.13 km2) Anolis sagrei ordinatus Mores Island (= Moore’s Island) (26.30°/-77.56°) (16.4 km2) Chelonoidis sp. (F) Anolis sagrei ordinatus Leiocephalus carinatus armouri Sphaerodactylus notatus peltastes Pensacola Cays (26.98°/-77.67°) (1.94 km2) Osteopilus septentrionalis Anolis sagrei ordinatus Leiocephalus carinatus armouri Sphaerodactylus notatus peltastes Powell Cay (26.91°/-77.48°) (1.21 km2) Anolis sagrei ordinatus Leiocephalus carinatus armouri Rocky Harbour Cay (26.81°/-77.51°) (1.45 km2) Anolis sagrei ordinatus Leiocephalus carinatus armouri Stranger Cay (= Strangers Cay) (27.12°/-78.08°) (1.41 km2) Osteopilus septentrionalis Anolis sagrei ordinatus Leiocephalus carinatus armouri Sphaerodactylus notatus peltastes Grand BahaMa ISland (26.65°/-78.50°) (1,373 km2) Eleutherodactylus planirostris Gastrophryne carolinensis (I) Hyla squirella (I) Osteopilus septentrionalis Lithobates clamitans (W) Lithobates sphenocephalus (I) Terrapene carolina (W) Trachemys scripta elegans (I) Trachemys sp. (I) Anolis carolinensis or A. smaragdinus (I) Anolis distichus ssp. (I?) Anolis equestris (I) Anolis sagrei ordinatus Leiocephalus carinatus armouri Plestiodon sp. (I) Sphaerodactylus notatus peltastes Cubophis vudii aterrimus Pantherophis guttatus (I) Epicrates exsul Typhlops lumbricalis Storeria dekayi (I) Crocodylus acutus (PE) Burrows Cay (26.43°/-77.78°) (0.38 km2) Anolis sagrei ordinatus Leiocephalus carinatus armouri Sweeting’s Cay (26.62°/-77.87°) (9.33 km2) Osteopilus septentrionalis Anolis sagrei ordinatus Water Cay (26.44°/-77.77°) (0.18 km2) Anolis sagrei ordinatus Leiocephalus carinatus armouri Sphaerodactylus notatus peltastes Typhlops lumbricalis Wood Cay (26.74°/-79.01°) (0.05 km2) Anolis sagrei ordinatus Leiocephalus carinatus armouri Sphaerodactylus notatus peltastes MAYAGUANA BANK MayaGuana ISland (22.37°/-72.93°) (285 km2) Chelonoidis sp. (F) Anolis scriptus mariguanae Sphaerodactylus mariguanae Crocodylus sp. (F) Booby Cay (22.32°/-72.72°) (0.51 km2) Anolis scriptus mariguanae Cyclura carinata bartschi Sphaerodactylus mariguanae MIRA POR VOS BANK South Cay (22.09°/-74.53°) (0.58 km2) Leiocephalus punctatus ssp. RUM CAY BANK Rum Cay (23.67°/-74.87°) (78 km2) Osteopilus septentrionalis Anolis distichus ocior Anolis sagrei ordinatus Leiocephalus loxogrammus loxogrammus Sphaerodactylus corticola corticola Sphaerodactylus nigropunctatus decoratus Sphaerodactylus notatus amaurus POWELL AND HENDERSON: Island lists of West Indian amphibians and reptiles 107 PLANA CAYS BANK East Plana Cay (22.61°/-73.52°) (7.0 km2) Anolis brunneus Anolis scriptus ssp. Leiocephalus greenwayi Sphaerodactylus corticola apporox West Plana Cay (22.59°/-73.61°) (9.0 km2) Anolis brunneus Anolis scriptus sularum Sphaerodactylus corticola apporox SAMANA BANK SaMana Cay (= Atwood’s Cay) (23.08°/-73.75°) (39 km2) Anolis scriptus sularum Leiocephalus punctatus picinus Sphaerodactylus corticola ssp. Small Cay (= “Propeller” Cay) (off Samana Cay) (23.06°/-73.74°) (0.08 km2) Anolis scriptus sularum West Booby Cay (23.09°/-73.65°) (0.72 km2) Anolis scriptus sularum SAN SALVADOR BANK San Salvador ISland (= Watling’s Island) (24.00°/-74.50°) (163 km2) Eleutherodactylus rogersi Hyla squirella (W) Osteopilus septentrionalis Chelonoidis sp. (F) Trachemys sp. (PX) Anolis distichus ocior Anolis sagrei ordinatus Cyclura rileyi rileyi Hemidactylus mabouia (I?) Leiocephalus loxogrammus parnelli Sphaerodactylus corticola soter Epictia columbi Crocodylus sp. (F) Barn Cay (in Great Lake) (24.08°/-74.50°) (0.17 km2) Cyclura rileyi rileyi (PX) Guana Cay (in Little Hermitage Lake) (24.09°/-74.48) (0.011 km2) Cyclura rileyi rileyi Pidgeon Cay (= Pigeon Cay) (in Great Lake) (24.02°/-74.50°) (0.071 km2) Cyclura rileyi rileyi San Salvador CayS Cato Cay (= Catto Cay) (24.14°/-74.47°) (0.013 km2) Cyclura rileyi rileyi (PX) Sphaerodactylus corticola soter Cut Cay (in Rice Bay) (24.13°/-74.46°) (0.028 km2) Cyclura rileyi rileyi (I) Goulding Cay (24.05°/-74.43°) (0.02 km2) Cyclura rileyi rileyi Green Cay (24.14°/-74.51°) (0.04 km2) Anolis distichus ocior Cyclura rileyi rileyi Sphaerodactylus corticola soter High Cay (23.95°/-74.48°) (0.13 km2) Cyclura rileyi rileyi (PX) Little Green Cay (= Gauntlet Cay = Gaulin Cay = Hawksnest Cay = Goulding Cay (24.14°/-74.47°) (0.011 km2) Cyclura rileyi rileyi (PX) Epictia columbi Low Cay (23.93°/-74.48°) (0.10 km2) Cyclura rileyi rileyi Sphaerodactylus corticola soter Man Head Cay (24.12°/-74.45°) (0.024 km2) Anolis distichus ocior Cyclura rileyi rileyi Sphaerodactylus corticola soter Pokus Cay (23.94°/-74.48°) (0.018 km2) Cyclura rileyi rileyi (PX) White Cay (in Grahams Harbour) (24.16°/-74.48°) (0.019 km2) Cyclura rileyi rileyi (PX) CAICOS BANK weSt CaICoS (21.65°/-72.47°) (22.8 km2) Anolis scriptus scriptus Cyclura carinata (PX) Leiocephalus psammodromus Sphaerodactylus caicosensis Spondylurus caicosae French Cay (21.51°/-72.20°) (0.13 km2) Anolis scriptus scriptus Aristelliger hechti Cyclura carinata provIdenCIaleS (21.78°/-72.28°) (122.2 km2) Eleutherodactylus planirostris (I) Osteopilus septentrionalis (I) Rhinella marina (W) Trachemys scripta elegans (W) Anolis equestris ssp. (W) Anolis scriptus scriptus Cyclura carinata (in Chalk Sound) Hemidactylus mabouia (I?) Iguana iguana (W) Leiocephalus psammodromus Sceloporus sp. (W) Sphaerodactylus caicosensis Spondylurus caicosae Varanus exanthematicus (W) Epicrates chrysogaster chrysogaster Ramphotyphlops braminus (I) 108 BULLETIN FLORIDA MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 51(2) Tropidophis greenwayi lanthanus Typhlops c.f. platycephalus Uromacer catesbyi or Opheodrys aestivus (ID unclear) (W) CaICoS CayS Dellis Cay (21.89°/-72.07°) (2.10 km2) Anolis scriptus scriptus Cyclura carinata (tail drags) Leiocephalus psammodromus Sphaerodactylus caicosensis Epicrates chrysogaster chrysogaster Donna Cay (21.83°/-72.13°) (0.36 km2) Anolis scriptus scriptus Cyclura carinata Fort George Cay (21.89°/-72.09°) (0.85 km2) Anolis scriptus scriptus Cyclura carinata (PX) Leiocephalus psammodromus Sphaerodactylus caicosensis Little Water Cay (21.83°/-72.15°) (0.6 km2) Anolis scriptus scriptus Cyclura carinata Leiocephalus psammodromus Sphaerodactylus caicosensis Lizard, Bird, And Sinking Cays (21.84°/-72.13) Anolis scriptus scriptus Cyclura carinata Mangrove Cay (21.82°/-72.14°) (1.14 km2) Anolis scriptus scriptus Cyclura carinata Parrot Cay (21.92°/-72.06W°) (5.6 km2) Osteopilus septentrionalis (I) Anolis scriptus scriptus Hemidactylus mabouia (I?) Leiocephalus psammodromus Sphaerodactylus caicosensis Spondylurus caicosae Epicrates chrysogaster chrysogaster Pine Cay (21.87°/-72.09°) (4.21 km2) Osteopilus septentrionalis (I) Trachemys stejnegeri malonei (I, E?) Anolis scriptus scriptus Cyclura carinata Hemidactylus mabouia (I?) Leiocephalus psammodromus Sphaerodactylus caicosensis Spondylurus caicosae Stubbs Cay (21.88°/-72.08) (~0.9 km2) Anolis scriptus scriptus Leiocephalus psammodromus Water Cay (21.85°/-72.12°) (3.5 km2) Anolis scriptus scriptus Cyclura carinata Leiocephalus psammodromus Sphaerodactylus caicosensis Spondylurus caicosae north CaICoS (21.93°/-71.98°) (116 km2) Eleutherodactylus planirostris (I) Osteopilus septentrionalis (I) Anolis scriptus scriptus Aristelliger hechti Cyclura carinata (W) Hemidactylus mabouia (I?) Leiocephalus psammodromus Sphaerodactylus caicosensis Spondylurus caicosae Epicrates chrysogaster chrysogaster Tropidophis greenwayi lanthanus Typhlops c.f. platycephalus Bay Cay (21.93°/-71.89) Anolis scriptus scriptus Sphaerodactylus caicosensis Spondylurus caicosae East Bay (21.89°/-71.88) Anolis scriptus scriptus Cyclura carinata Major Hill Cay (21.94°/-71.91) Cyclura carinata MIddle CaICoS (= Grand Caicos Island) (21.78°/-71.72) (144 km2) Eleutherodactylus planirostris (I) Osteopilus septentrionalis (I) Chelonoidis sp. (F) Anolis scriptus scriptus Cyclura carinata (PX) Hemidactylus mabouia (I?) Leiocephalus psammodromus Sphaerodactylus caicosensis Spondylurus caicosae Epicrates chrysogaster chrysogaster Tropidophis greenwayi lanthanus Typhlops c.f. platycephalus Iguana Cay (between Middle and East Caicos) (21.76°/-71.60°) (0.06 km2) Cyclura carinata Joe Grant’s Cay (between Middle and East Caicos) (21.76°/-71.61°) (5.1 km2) Cyclura carinata (tail drags) Epicrates chrysogaster chrysogaster Pelican Cay (21.83°/-71.72) (< 0.1 km2) Anolis scriptus scriptus Sphaerodactylus caicosensis eaSt CaICoS (21.71°/-71.51°) (90 km2) Anolis scriptus scriptus Aristelliger hechti Cyclura carinata POWELL AND HENDERSON: Island lists of West Indian amphibians and reptiles 109 Leiocephalus psammodromus Sphaerodactylus caicosensis Spondylurus caicosae Epicrates chrysogaster chrysogaster Tropidophis greenwayi lanthanus Typhlops c.f. platycephalus Horse Cay (21.53°/-71.51°) (0.01 km2) Cyclura carinata J.A.G.S. Mccartney Cay (21.62°/-71.49°) (11.4 km2) Cyclura carinata Middle Creek Cay (21.60°/-71.49°) (0.47 km2) Cyclura carinata Plandon Cay (21.58°/-71.49°) (0.22 km2) Cyclura carinata Sail Rock (21.58°/-71.52) Cyclura carinata South CaICoS (= Turks Island in late 19th Century) (21.52°/-71.50°) (21.2 km2) Anolis scriptus scriptus Cyclura carinata (PX) Hemidactylus mabouia (I?) Sphaerodactylus caicosensis Spondylurus caicosae Epicrates chrysogaster chrysogaster (PX) Tropidophis greenwayi lanthanus Big Ambergris Cay (21.29°/-71.63°) (4.28 km2) Eleutherodactylus planirostris (I) Osteopilus septentrionalis (W) Anolis scriptus scriptus Aristelliger hechti Cyclura carinata Hemidactylus mabouia (I) Leiocephalus psammodromus Sphaerodactylus caicosensis Spondylurus caicosae Epicrates chrysogaster chrysogaster Tropidophis greenwayi greenwayi Typhlops c.f. platycephalus Bush Cay (21.20°/-71.63°) (0.08 km2) Anolis scriptus scriptus Cyclura carinata (I) Fish Cays (21.37°/-71.62°) (0.1 km2) Anolis scriptus scriptus Cyclura carinata Indian Cay (21.19°/-71.79°) (0.05 km2) Anolis scriptus scriptus Cyclura carinata Little Ambergris Cay (21.30°/-71.69°) (6.59 km2) Anolis scriptus scriptus Aristelliger hechti Cyclura carinata Leiocephalus psammodromus Sphaerodactylus caicosensis Spondylurus caicosae Epicrates chrysogaster chrysogaster Long Cay (S of South Caicos) (21.47°/-71.56°) (1.0 km2) Anolis scriptus scriptus Cyclura carinata (I) Leiocephalus psammodromus Sphaerodactylus caicosensis Spondylurus caicosae Epicrates chrysogaster chrysogaster (PX) Tropidophis greenwayi lanthanus Middleton Cay (21.48°/-71.58°) (0.05 km2) Cyclura carinata Sphaerodactylus caicosensis Spondylurus caicosae Tropidophis greenwayi lanthanus Six Hills Cay (includes East and West cays) (21.46°/-71.63°) (0.09 km2) Anolis scriptus scriptus Aristelliger hechti Cyclura carinata Sphaerodactylus caicosensis Spondylurus caicosae White Cay (21.18°/-71.80°) (0.03 km2) Cyclura carinata TURKS BANK Grand turk (= Turks Island) (21.46°/-71.13°) (17.39km2) Chelonoidis sp. (F) Anolis scriptus scriptus Cyclura carinata (PX, W) Hemidactylus mabouia (I?) Iguana iguana (W) Leiocephalus psammodromus (PX) Sphaerodactylus mariguanae (I, PX?) Sphaerodactylus underwoodi Spondylurus turksae (PX) Epicrates chrysogaster chrysogaster (PX) Pantherophis guttatus (W) Ramphotyphlops braminus (I) Big Sand Cay (21.19°/-71.25°) (0.58 km2) Anolis scriptus scriptus Cyclura carinata Leiocephalus psammodromus Sphaerodactylus underwoodi Cotton Cay (21.36°/-71.15°) (1.13 km2) Anolis scriptus scriptus Cyclura carinata (PX) Leiocephalus psammodromus (PX) Spondylurus turksae East Cay (= Martin Pinzon) (21.36°/-71.09°) (0.46 km2) Anolis scriptus scriptus Leiocephalus psammodromus Sphaerodactylus underwoodi 110 BULLETIN FLORIDA MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 51(2) Gibbs Cay (21.44°/-71.11°) (0.06 km2) Anolis scriptus scriptus Leiocephalus psammodromus Sphaerodactylus underwoodi Spondylurus turksae Epicrates chrysogaster chrysogaster Long Cay (21.41°/-71.10°) (0.23 km2) Anolis scriptus scriptus Cyclura carinata Leiocephalus psammodromus Sphaerodactylus underwoodi Pear Cay (21.37°/-71.09°) (0.11 km2) Leiocephalus psammodromus Sphaerodactylus underwoodi Typhlops c.f. platycephalus Penniston Cay (21.38°/-71.12°) (0.03 km2) Leiocephalus psammodromus Round Cay (21.44°/-71.11°) (0.01 km2) Leiocephalus psammodromus Salt Cay (21.32°/-71.20°) (6.74 km2) Anolis scriptus scriptus Cyclura carinata Hemidactylus mabouia (I?) Leiocephalus psammodromus (PX) Sphaerodactylus underwoodi i BULLETIN FLORIDA MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 51(2) LITERATURE CITED Bryan, J. J, G. P. Gerber, M. E. Welch, & C. L. Stephen. 2007. Re-evaluating the taxonomic status of the Booby Cay Iguana, Cyclura carinata bartschi. Copeia 2007:734–739. Carew, J. L., & J. E. Mylroie. 1997, Geology of the Bahamas. Pp. 91–139 in H. L.Vacher & T. M. Quinn, eds. Geology and Hydrogeology of Carbonate Islands. Developments in Sedimentology Series 54. Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, 948 p. Carlson, L. A. 1999. Aftermath of a feast: Human colonization of the southern Bahama Archipelago and its effects on the indigenous fauna. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, Gainesville, 558 p. Franz, R., C. K. Dodd, & S. D. Buckner. 1996. A review of herpetology of the Bahamian Archipelago. Bahamas Journal of Science 3(3):22–30. Franz, R., C. K. Dodd, & D. W. Buden. 1993. Distributional records of amphibians and reptiles from the Exuma Islands, Bahamas, including the first reports of a freshwater turtle and an introduced gecko. Caribbean Journal of Science 29:165–173. Franz, R., & S. Franz. 2009: A new fossil tortoise in the genus Chelonoidis (Testudies: Testudinidae) from the northern Bahamas, with an osteological assessment of other Neotropical tortoises. Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History 49:1–44. Gerber, G. P. 1998. Management plan for the protection of the iguana. Pp. C1–C37 in Strategic Environmental Assessment for Big Ambergris Cay, Turks and Caicos Islands, British West Indies. Coastal Systems International, Coral Gables, Florida. Johnson, S. 2011. A non-native skink on Grand Bahama. Reptiles & Amphibians 18:247–248. Knapp, C. R, J. B. Iverson, S. D. Buckner, & S. V. Cant. 2011. Conservation of amphibians and reptiles in the Bahamas. Pp. 53–87 in A. Hailey, B. S. Wilson, & J. A. Horrocks, eds. Conservation of Caribbean Island Herpetofaunas. Volume 2: Regional Accounts of the West Indies. Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands. Lee, D. S. 2004. Additional reptiles and amphibians introduced to the Bahamas: A growing conservation concern. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 39:161–164 (same text appears in the Bahamas Journal of Science 12(2):2–6). MacLean, W. P., R. Kellner, & H. Dennis. 1977. Island lists of West Indian amphibians and reptiles. Smithsonian Herpetological Infor- mation Service 40:1–47. Newsom, L. A., & E. S. Wing 2004. On Land and Sea: Native American Uses of Biological Resources in the West Indies. University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa, 323 p. Reynolds, R. G. 2010. Typhlops platycephalus (Puerto Rican White-tailed Blindsnake), distribution. Caribbean Herpetology 1:15. Reynolds, R. G. 2011a. Status, conservation, and introduction of amphibians and reptiles in the Turks and Caicos Islands, British West Indies. Pp. 377–406 in A. Hailey, B. S. Wilson, & J. A. Horrocks, eds. Conservation of Caribbean Island Herpetofaunas. Volume 2: Regional Accounts of the West Indies. Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands. Reynolds, R. G. 2011b. Islands, metapopulations, and archipelagos: Genetic equilibrium and non-equilibrium dynamics of structured populations in the context of conservation. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 185 p. Reynolds, R. G. 2012. Epicrates chrysogaster. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 898:1–5. Reynolds, R. G., & M. L. Niemiller. 2009. Hemidactylus mabouia (Wood Slave). Geographic distribution. Herpetological Review 40:452. Reynolds, R. G., & M. L. Niemiller. 2010a. Island invaders: Introduced reptiles and amphibians of the Turks and Caicos Islands. Reptiles & Amphibians 17:117–121. Reynolds, R. G., & M. L. Niemiller. 2010b. POWELL AND HENDERSON: Island lists of West Indian amphibians and reptiles ii Epicrates chrysogaster (Southern Bahamas Boa), distribution. Caribbean Herpetology 1:14. Reynolds, R. G., G. P. Gerber, & J. Burgess. 2010. Tropidophis greenwayi greenwayi (Big Ambergris Dwarf Boa). Geographic distribution. Herpetological Review 41:520. Reynolds, R. G., G. P. Gerber, & B. M. Fitzpatrick. 2011. Unexpected shallow genetic divergence in Turks Island Boas (Epicrates c. chrysogaster) reveals single evolutionary significant unit for conservation. Herpetologica 67:477–486. Reynolds, R. G., M. L. Niemiler, & B. M. Fitzpatrick. 2012. Genetic analysis of an endemic archipelagic lizard reveals sympatric cryptic lineages and taxonomic discordance. Conservation Genetics (online first, doi: 10.1007/s10592-012-0344-z). Schwartz, A., & R. W. Henderson. 1988. West Indian amphibians and reptiles: A check-list. Milwaukee Public Museum Contributions in Biology and Geology (74):1–264. Steadman, D. W., R. Franz, G. S. Morgan, N. A. Albury, B. Kakuk, K. Broad, S. E. Franz, K. Tinker, M. P. Pateman, T. A. Lott, D. M. Jarzen, & D. L. Dilcher. 2007. Exceptionally well preserved late Quaternary plant and vertebrate fossils from a blue hole on Abaco, The Bahamas. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104:19897–19902. Wing, E. S., & S. J. Scudder 1983. Animal exploitation by people living on a tropical marine edge. Pp. 197–210 in C. Grigson & J. Clutton-Brock, eds. Animals and Archeology: 2. Shell Middens, Fishes and Birds. British Archaeological Reports International Series 183. Archaeopress, Oxford, UK. Powell and Henderson-TOC.pdf Vol51-No2-93-110.pdf covervol51no2covers vol51no2 covervol51no2covers Powell and Henderson-LitCit-93-110.pdf