BULLETIN ISLAND LISTS OF WEST INDIAN AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES Robert Powell and Robert W. Henderson, Editors Vol. 51, No. 2, pp. 85–166 2012 UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA GAINESVILLE The FLORIDA MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY is Florida’s state museum of natural history, dedicated to understanding, preserving, and interpreting biological diversity and cultural heritage. The BULLETIN OF THE FLORIDA MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY is a peer-reviewed journal that publishes results of original research in zoology, botany, paleontology, archaeology, and museum science. The Bulletin is published at irregular intervals, and volumes are not necessarily completed in any one year. Volumes contain between 150 and 300 pages, sometimes more. The number of papers contained in each volume varies, depending upon the number of pages in each paper, but four numbers is the current standard. Multi-author issues of related papers have been published together, and inquiries about putting together such issues are welcomed. 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Box 117800 Gainesville, FL 32611-7800 USA FAX: 352-846-0287 Email: bulletin@flmnh.ufl.edu mailto:bulletin@flmnh.ufl.edu ISLAND LISTS OF WEST INDIAN AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES Robert Powell1 and Robert W. Henderson2, Editors 1Department of Biology, Avila University, Kansas City, Missouri 64145-1698, USA 2Section of Vertebrate Zoology, Milwaukee Public Museum, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233, USA Powell, R., and R. W. Henderson, Eds. 2012. Island lists of West Indian amphibians and reptiles. Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History 51(2):85– 166. TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction by Robert Powell and Robert W. Henderson .....................................86 Literature Cited ..........................................................................................................i Swan Islands by Robert Powell and Robert W. Henderson ....................................91 Literature Cited ..........................................................................................................i Bahama Islands and Turks & Caicos Islands by Sandra D. Buckner, Richard Franz, and R. Graham Reynolds ..........................................................93 Literature Cited ..........................................................................................................i Cayman Islands by Arthur C. Echternacht ............................................................ 111 Literature Cited ..........................................................................................................i The Cuban Archipelago by Alberto R. Estrada ..................................................... 113 Literature Cited ..........................................................................................................i Jamaica by Byron S. Wilson, Thera Edwards, and Robert Powell .......................126 Literature Cited ..........................................................................................................i Hispaniola and Navassa by Robert Powell ...........................................................129 Literature Cited ..........................................................................................................i Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands by Gregory C. Mayer ....................................136 Literature Cited ..........................................................................................................i Lesser Antilles by Robert W. Henderson and Michel Breuil ................................148 Literature Cited ..........................................................................................................i 136 BULLETIN FLORIDA MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 51(2) PUERTO RICO AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS Gregory C. Mayer1 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Parkside, Kenosha, Wisconsin 53141 “The multitude of other islands in the group will well repay the visit of the zoologist, since the life of this section of the West Indies cannot be said to be known until all the cays and islets have been investigated” (Wetmore 1927). Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands comprise over 150 islands for which herpetological records exist. These islands are spread over five island banks: the Mona Bank, the Monito Bank, the Desecheo Bank, the Puerto Rico Bank (also known as Greater Puerto Rico: Schmidt 1928), and the St. Croix Bank (Fig. 8). The Puerto Rico Bank extends from the Mona Passage in the west to the Anegada Passage in the east. On the north, it is bordered by the Puerto Rican Trench, and to the south deep water separates it from St. Croix. The islands on this bank are Puerto Rico and adjacent islets, the Passage Islands (Vieques and Culebra and associated islets), the U.S. Virgin Islands (except St. Croix), and the British Virgin Islands. All of these islands were united into a single land mass during the low sea level stands associated with the Pleistocene glacial maxima, when sea level stood approximately 120 m below its present level (Heatwole & MacKenzie 1967, Fairbanks 1989). Because banks set the limits to recent over-land dispersal, they are key entities in herpetogeographic analyses (Barbour & Shreve 1935). The islands of the other banks are separated from the Puerto Rico Bank by water sufficiently deep to have precluded their being joined to Greater Puerto Rico by any glacial sea level drop. The Mona Bank, 60 km west of Puerto Rico, has a single island, Isla Mona. Two kilometers to the northwest, separated by water over 220 m deep, is the Monito Bank, with its single island, Isla Monito. The Desecheo Bank, 20 km west of Puerto Rico, also has but one island, Isla Desecheo. The fauna of these three islands is derived, in whole or in part, from that of Puerto Rico, to which they belong politically. The St. Croix Bank, 40 km south of St. Thomas (on the Puerto Rico Bank), consists of St. Croix and four small islets. Its fauna shows considerable endemism, but also shares several forms with the Puerto Rico Bank. About 100 species of reptiles and amphibians have been recorded from the area covered, of which more than 20 have been introduced. The introduced populations of Cyclura pinguis are deliberate translocations within the probable former range of this endangered species (Lazell 2005). The following lists were compiled starting with the distributional checklist in Mayer (1989), to which I added the results of more recent fieldwork, data from the examination of museum specimens, and literature records. In addition to the general works cited in the introduction, the works of Stejneger (1904), Schmidt (1928), Grant (e.g., 1937), Philibosian and Yntema (1976, 1978), Rivero (1978, 1998), Heatwole et al. (1981), MacLean (1982), and Lazell (1983) are fundamental for Puerto Rican/Virgin Island herpetology. More recent works that have made useful compilations are Ovaska et al. (2000), Platenberg (2007), Perry and Gerber (2011), Platenberg and Boulon (2011), and Powell et al. (2011). Distributions within the large island of Puerto Rico are addressed in Rivero (1978, 1998), Schwartz and Henderson (1991), and Hedges (2012). For areas and locations, the chief sources were McGuire (1925), Lazell (1983), the U.S. Geo- logical Survey Geographic Names Information System (www.geonames.usgs.gov), the Montana State University Environmental Statistics Group (www.esg.montana.edu), and the National Geo- spatial-Intelligence Agency (http://earth-info.nga. mil/gns/html/index.html), supplemented by Google POWELL AND HENDERSON: Island lists of West Indian amphibians and reptiles 137 Earth® (www.earth.google.com) and Berkeley- Mapper (berkeleymapper.berkeley.edu). Coordin- ates for the BVI are less precise, as the NGA data are rounded to minutes. Many variant names exist for many of the islands, and in deciding which names to use, have considered official names, navigational charts, local usage, and usage in herpetological and other scientific literature. have not followed any one of these exclusively. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My primary debt is to James Lazell, who accompanied me through much of the field work, and provided support via The Conservation Agency. The Jarecki family, E.M. Azevedo, D. Ford, R.Z. Jenkins, W.P. and E. MacLean, N.R. Mayer, R. Thomas, and J. Walsh assisted in numerous ways, as did K. Tighe and J. Jacobs (National Museum of Natural History) and J. Rosado (Museum of Comparative Zoology) during the most recent museum work. James Lazell, Gad Perry, Kristiina Ovaska, and Renata J. Platenberg provided recent records. MONA BANK ISla Mona (18.08°/-67.89°) (55.81 km2) Eleutherodactylus monensis Rhinella marina (I) Chelonoidis monensis (F) Ameiva alboguttata Anolis monensis Cyclura stejnegeri Hemidactylus mabouia (I?) Sphaerodactylus monensis Spondylurus monae Borikenophis variegatus Epicrates monensis Typhlops monensis MONITO BANK ISla MonIto (18.16°/-67.95°) (0.16 km2) Anolis monensis Sphaerodactylus micropithecus Spondylurus monitae DESECHEO BANK ISla deSeCheo (18.39°/-67.48°) (1.46 km2) Ameiva exsul Anolis desechensis Sphaerodactylus levinsi Spondylurus nitidus Borikenophis portoricensis ssp. PUERTO RICO BANK puerto rICo (18.25°/-66.50°) (8,674 km2) Eleutherodactylus antillensis Eleutherodactylus brittoni Eleutherodactylus cochranae Eleutherodactylus gryllus Eleutherodactylus hedricki Eleutherodactylus jasperi Eleutherodactylus juanriveroi Figure 8. Map of greater Puerto Rico and adjacent island banks, including the Virgin Islands. 138 BULLETIN FLORIDA MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 51(2) Eleutherodactylus karlschmidti Eleutherodactylus locustus Eleutherodactylus portoricensis Eleutherodactylus richmondi Eleutherodactylus unicolor Eleutherodactylus wightmanae Hyla cinerea (I) Leptodactylus albilabris Leptodactylus fallax (W) Lithobates grylio (I) Lithobates catesbeianus (I) Osteopilus septentrionalis (I) Peltophryne lemur Rhinella marina (I) Scinax ruber (I) Trachemys scripta elegans (I) Trachemys stejnegeri stejnegeri Ameiva exsul Ameiva wetmorei Amphisbaena bakeri Amphisbaena caeca Amphisbaena schmidti Amphisbaena xera Anolis cooki Anolis cristatellus cristatellus Anolis cristatellus cristatellus x A. c. wileyae Anolis cuvieri Anolis evermanni Anolis gundlachi Anolis krugi Anolis occultus Anolis poncensis Anolis pulchellus Anolis stratulus Cyclura nubila (I) Cyclura pinguis (F*) Diploglossus pleii Hemidactylus haitianus Hemidactylus mabouia (I?) Hemidactylus turcicus (W) Iguana delicatissima (W) Iguana iguana (I) Leiocephalus etheridgei (F) Leiocephalus partitus (F) Phyllodactylus wirshingi Scincella lateralis (I) Sphaerodactylus gaigeae Sphaerodactylus klauberi Sphaerodactylus macrolepis ateles Sphaerodactylus macrolepis grandisquamis Sphaerodactylus macrolepis guarionex Sphaerodactylus macrolepis mimetes Sphaerodactylus macrolepis phoberus Sphaerodactylus macrolepis spanius Sphaerodactylus nicholsi Sphaerodactylus roosevelti Sphaerodactylus townsendi Spondylurus nitidus Boa constrictor ssp. (I) Borikenophis portoricensis portoricensis Borikenophis portoricensis prymnus Epicrates inornatus Epicrates granti Eunectes notaeus (W) Magliophis stahli Magliophis exiguus subspadix Python bivittatus (W) Python regius (W) Python reticulatus (W) Python sebae (W) Typhlops granti Typhlops hypomethes Typhlops platycephalus Typhlops rostellatus Caiman crocodilus (I) CayS off the northern CoaSt of puerto rICo Isla de Cabras (= Leper Island) (18.47°/-66.14°) Ameiva exsul Anolis cristatellus cristatellus Anolis pulchellus Punta Salinas Island (18.47°/-66.18°) Anolis cristatellus cristatellus Anolis pulchellus CayS off the Southern CoaSt of puerto rICo Caja de Muertos (17.89°/-66.52°) Ameiva exsul Ameiva wetmorei Amphisbaena xera Anolis cooki Anolis cristatellus cristatellus Anolis pulchellus Phyllodactylus wirshingi Sphaerodactylus roosevelti Sphaerodactylus townsendi Borikenophis portoricensis prymnus Typhlops granti Typhlops sp. Cayos de Barca (= Cayos de la Barca) (17.92°/-66.24°) Anolis cristatellus cristatellus Cayo Cardona (17.96°/-66.63°) Ameiva exsul Anolis cristatellus cristatellus Cayo Don Luis (17.94°/-66.97°) Anolis cooki Cayo Punta Aguila (17.95°/-67.21°) Anolis cooki Cayos de Ratones (near Jobos) (17.93°/-66.29°) Anolis cristatellus cristatellus POWELL AND HENDERSON: Island lists of West Indian amphibians and reptiles 139 Cayo Turramote (17.94°/-67.02°) Sphaerodactylus nicholsi (W) Isla Cueva (17.96°/-67.08°) Hemidactylus mabouia (I?) Isla Magueyes (17.97°/-67.04°) Rhinella marina (I) Ameiva wetmorei Anolis cristatellus cristatellus Anolis poncensis Cyclura nubila (I) Iguana iguana (I) Sphaerodactylus nicholsi Isla Mata Seca (17.96°/-67.01°) Anolis cristatellus cristatellus Isla Morrillito (= Platillo) (17.88°/-66.53°) Ameiva exsul Ameiva wetmorei Anolis cristatellus cristatellus Sphaerodactylus townsendi Borikenophis portoricensis prymnus Isla Romero III (17.95°/-66.98°) Anolis cristatellus cristatellus Long Island (= Long Key) (17.96°/-66.99°) Anolis cristatellus cristatellus Spiny Butte (17.96°/-66.99°) Ameiva exsul Anolis cristatellus cristatellus Sphaerodactylus nicholsi CayS off the eaStern CoaSt of puerto rICo Cabeza de Perro (= North Cabras Island) (18.25°/-65.58°) Ameiva exsul Anolis cristatellus cristatellus Anolis pulchellus Sphaerodactylus macrolepis grandisquamis Borikenophis portoricensis ssp. Cayo Ahogado (18.32°/-65.62°) Ameiva exsul (W) Anolis cristatellus cristatellus (W) Anolis pulchellus (W) Cayo Algodones (18.19°/-65.68°) Leptodactylus albilabris Rhinella marina (I) Ameiva exsul Anolis cristatellus cristatellus x A. c. wileyae Anolis pulchellus Sphaerodactylus macrolepis grandisquamis Cayo Batata (18.12°/-65.77°) Ameiva exsul Anolis cristatellus cristatellus Anolis pulchellus Sphaerodactylus macrolepis grandisquamis Cayo Palominitos (18.34°/-65.57°) Eleutherodactylus cochranae (W) Ameiva exsul Anolis cristatellus wileyae Anolis pulchellus (I, E) Anolis stratulus (W) Typhlops sp. Cayo Palominos (18.35°/-65.57°) Ameiva exsul Anolis cristatellus wileyae Anolis pulchellus Sphaerodactylus townsendi Typhlops hypomethes Typhlops platycephalus Cayo Piñeritos (18.24°/-65.59°) Anolis cristatellus wileyae Cayo Santiago (18.16°/-65.73°) Leptodactylus albilabris Rhinella marina (I) Ameiva exsul Anolis cristatellus cristatellus Anolis pulchellus Anolis stratulus Sphaerodactylus gaigeae Sphaerodactylus macrolepis grandisquamis Borikenophis portoricensis portoricensis Magliophis stahli Isla Cabras (18.21°/-65.60°) Ameiva exsul Anolis cristatellus ssp. Sphaerodactylus townsendi Isla Piñeros (18.25°/-65.59°) Eleutherodactylus antillensis Leptodactylus albilabris Ameiva exsul Amphisbaena caeca Anolis cristatellus wileyae Anolis pulchellus Anolis stratulus Sphaerodactylus gaigeae Sphaerodactylus macrolepis stibarus Sphaerodactylus townsendi Borikenophis portoricensis ssp. Typhlops hypomethes Isla de Ramos (18.31°/-65.61°) Leptodactylus albilabris Ameiva exsul Anolis cristatellus cristatellus x A. c. wileyae Anolis pulchellus Sphaerodactylus townsendi Isleta Marina (= Cayo Zancudo) (18.34°/-65.62°) Ameiva exsul 140 BULLETIN FLORIDA MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 51(2) Anolis cristatellus cristatellus x A. c. wileyae Anolis pulchellus Levins Rock (18.18°/-65.71°) Ameiva exsul (W) CayoS de la CordIllera La Blanquilla (18.37°/-65.55°) Ameiva exsul Anolis cristatellus wileyae Sphaerodactylus townsendi Booby Hatch Cay (= Booby Rock) (18.37°/-65.55°) Anolis cristatellus wileyae Sphaerodactylus townsendi Cayo Diablo (= Cayo La Llave) (18.36°/-65.53°) Ameiva exsul Anolis cristatellus wileyae Epicrates granti Typhlops richardii Cayo Icacos (= Hicacos) (18.39°/-65.59°) Leptodactylus albilabris Ameiva exsul Anolis cristatellus wileyae Anolis pulchellus Iguana iguana (I) Sphaerodactylus townsendi Spondylurus nitidus Cayo Lobos (18.38°/-65.57°) Ameiva exsul Anolis cristatellus wileyae Anolis pulchellus Sphaerodactylus townsendi Cayo Ratones (off Fajardo) (18.38°/-65.58°) Ameiva exsul Anolis cristatellus wileyae Anolis pulchellus Sphaerodactylus townsendi Epicrates granti (I) Grant Rock (18.37°/-65.55°) Anolis cristatellus wileyae Sphaerodactylus townsendi Konyoki (18.38°/-65.58°) Ameiva exsul Anolis cristatellus wileyae Sphaerodactylus townsendi MacKenzie Key (18.37°/-65.55°) Anolis cristatellus wileyae Sphaerodactylus townsendi Pressick Rock (18.38°/-65.57°) Sphaerodactylus townsendi Surprise Key (18.37°/-65.55°) Anolis cristatellus wileyae Sphaerodactylus townsendi Typhlops richardii vIequeS (= Bieque = Crab Island) (18.12°/-65.42°) (137.66 km2) Eleutherodactylus antillensis Eleutherodactylus cochranae Eleutherodactylus coqui (I?) Leptodactylus albilabris Lithobates catesbeianus (I) Rhinella marina (I) Trachemys stejnegeri stejnegeri (I?) Ameiva exsul Anolis cristatellus wileyae Anolis pulchellus Anolis roosevelti (PE) Anolis stratulus Hemidactylus mabouia (I?) Sphaerodactylus gaigeae Sphaerodactylus macrolepis inigoi Sphaerodactylus roosevelti Sphaerodactylus townsendi Spondylurus nitidus (PX) Borikenophis portoricensis aphantus Typhlops hypomethes Typhlops platycephalus Caiman crocodilus (W) Cayo de Afuera (= Cayo Real) (18.09°/-65.47°) Ameiva exsul Amphisbaena caeca Sphaerodactylus macrolepis inigoi Sphaerodactylus townsendi Cayo de Tierra (18.09°/-65.47°) Ameiva exsul Hemidactylus mabouia (I?) Sphaerodactylus macrolepis inigoi Sphaerodactylus townsendi Typhlops sp. Isla Chiva (18.11°/-65.38°) Anolis cristatellus wileyae Sphaerodactylus townsendi CuleBra (18.31°/-65.28°) (27.28 km2) Eleutherodactylus antillensis Eleutherodactylus cochranae Eleutherodactylus coqui (I) Leptodactylus albilabris Rhinella marina (I) Trachemys stejnegeri stejnegeri (I?) Ameiva exsul Anolis cristatellus wileyae Anolis pulchellus Anolis roosevelti (PE) Anolis stratulus Hemidactylus mabouia (I?) Iguana iguana (I) POWELL AND HENDERSON: Island lists of West Indian amphibians and reptiles 141 Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis Sphaerodactylus townsendi Spondylurus culebrae Spondylurus nitidus Borikenophis portoricensis richardi Epicrates granti Magliophis exiguus exiguus Typhlops richardii Cayo Botella (= Heatwole Island) (18.32°/-65.24°) Anolis cristatellus wileyae Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis Cayo Geniqui East (= Palada Cays) (18.34°/-65.23°) Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis Cayo Luis Peña (= Southwest Key) (18.31°/-65.33°) Anolis cristatellus wileyae Anolis pulchellus Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis Spondylurus nitidus Borikenophis portoricensis richardi Typhlops richardii Cayo Norte (18.34°/-65.26°) Ameiva exsul Anolis cristatellus wileyae Anolis pulchellus Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis Spondylurus nitidus Typhlops richardii Cayo Pirata (= Chicken Island) (18.31°/-65.30°) Anolis cristatellus wileyae Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis Culebrita (18.31°/-65.23°) Ameiva exsul Anolis cristatellus wileyae Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis Spondylurus culebrae Typhlops richardii Isla Pela (= Bare Cactus Island) (18.30°/-65.25°) Anolis cristatellus wileyae Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis Pelaita (= Villa del Mar) (18.30°/-65.25°) Anolis cristatellus wileyae Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis St. thoMaS (18.35°/-64.94°) (70.23 km2) Eleutherodactylus antillensis Eleutherodactylus cochranae Eleutherodactylus coqui (I) Eleutherodactylus lentus Eleutherodactylus schwartzi (?) Leptodactylus albilabris Osteopilus septentrionalis (I) Rhinella marina (I) Chelonoidis carbonaria (I?) Trachemys scripta elegans (I) Ameiva exsul Amphisbaena fenestrata Anolis leachii (I, E?) Anolis cristatellus wileyae Anolis pulchellus Anolis stratulus Cyclura pinguis (F*) Gymnophthalmus underwoodi (I?) Hemidactylus mabouia (I?) Iguana iguana (I) Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis Spondylurus semitaeniatus (PX) Spondylurus sloanii (PX) Spondylurus spilonotus (PE) Thecadactylus rapicauda (PX) Boa constrictor ssp. (W) Borikenophis portoricensis richardi (PX, I) Epicrates granti Magliophis exiguus exiguus Pantherophis guttatus (I) Python regius (W) Typhlops richardii Big Flat Cay (18.32°/-64.99°) (0.012 km2) Ameiva exsul Anolis cristatellus wileyae Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis Bovoni Cay (18.31°/-64.87°) (0.20 km2) Eleutherodactylus cochranae Ameiva exsul Anolis cristatellus wileyae Anolis stratulus Hemidactylus mabouia (I?) Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis Buck Island (western and larger of the Capella Islands) (18.28°/-64.89°) (0.17 km2) Anolis cristatellus wileyae Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis Spondylurus semitaeniatus Spondylurus sloanii Borikenophis portoricensis nicholsi Capella Island (= Eastern Island = unnamed island, eastern and smaller of the Capella Islands) (18.28°/-64.89°) (0.09 km2) Anolis cristatellus wileyae Spondylurus semitaeniatus Spondylurus sloanii Cas Cay (18.31°/-64.87°) (0.06 km2) Ameiva exsul Anolis cristatellus wileyae Anolis stratulus Iguana iguana (I) Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis 142 BULLETIN FLORIDA MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 51(2) Cockroach Island (18.40°/-65.06°) (0.08 km2) Anolis cristatellus wileyae Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis Borikenophis portoricensis richardi Congo Cay (18.37°/-64.80°) (0.10 km2) Anolis cristatellus wileyae Anolis stratulus Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis Borikenophis portoricensis richardi Typhlops richardii Current Rock (18.31°/-64.83°) (0.002 km2) Anolis cristatellus wileyae Dog Island (18.30°/-64.82°) (0.05 km2) Ameiva exsul Anolis cristatellus wileyae Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis Borikenophis portoricensis richardi Dutchcap Cay (= Dutchman’s Cap) (18.38°/-65.06°) (0.13 km2) Ameiva exsul Anolis cristatellus wileyae Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis Borikenophis portoricensis richardi Fish Cay (18.31°/-64.83°) (0.001 km2) Anolis cristatellus wileyae Hemidactylus mabouia (I?) French Cap Cay (= Frenchman’s Cap) (18.23°/-64.85°) (0.04 km2) Sphaerodactylus townsendi Grass Cay (18.36°/-64.83°) (0.20 km2) Anolis cristatellus wileyae Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis Borikenophis portoricensis richardi Great St. James Island (18.31°/-64.83°) (0.63 km2) Ameiva exsul Amphisbaena fenestrata Anolis cristatellus wileyae Anolis pulchellus Anolis stratulus Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis Spondylurus sp. Borikenophis portoricensis richardi Hans Lollik Island (18.40°/-64.91°) (1.98 km2) Ameiva exsul Anolis cristatellus wileyae Anolis pulchellus Anolis stratulus Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis Borikenophis portoricensis richardi Hassel Island (18.33°/-64.94°) (0.56 km2) Eleutherodactylus cochranae Eleutherodactylus lentus Osteopilus septentrionalis (I) Chelonoidis carbonaria (I?) Ameiva exsul Anolis cristatellus wileyae Anolis pulchellus Anolis stratulus Hemidactylus mabouia (I?) Iguana iguana (I) Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis Magliophis exiguus exiguus Inner Brass Island (18.38°/-64.97°) (0.52 km2) Osteopilus septentrionalis (I) Ameiva exsul Anolis cristatellus wileyae Anolis stratulus Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis (?) Borikenophis portoricensis ssp. (?) Little Hans Lollik Island (18.41°/-64.91°) (0.41 km2) Ameiva exsul Anolis cristatellus wileyae Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis Typhlops richardii Little St. James Island (18.30°/-64.83°) (0.28 km2) Eleutherodactylus sp. (W) Osteopilus septentrionalis (I) Ameiva exsul Anolis cristatellus wileyae Anolis pulchellus Anolis stratulus Iguana iguana (I) Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis Borikenophis portoricensis richardi Pantherophis guttatus (W) Lovango Cay (18.36°/-64.81°) (0.48 km2) Chelonoidis carbonaria (I?) Ameiva exsul Anolis cristatellus wileyae Anolis pulchellus Anolis stratulus Hemidactylus mabouia (I?) Borikenophis portoricensis richardi Mingo Cay (18.36°/-64.82°) (0.20 km2) Ameiva exsul Anolis cristatellus wileyae Anolis pulchellus Anolis stratulus Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis Borikenophis portoricensis richardi Outer Brass Island (18.39°/-64.97°) (0.44 km2) Ameiva exsul Anolis cristatellus wileyae Anolis pulchellus Anolis stratulus Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis Borikenophis portoricensis richardi POWELL AND HENDERSON: Island lists of West Indian amphibians and reptiles 143 Patricia Cay (18.31°/-64.87°) (0.14 km2) Ameiva exsul Anolis cristatellus wileyae Anolis stratulus Hemidactylus mabouia (I?) Iguana iguana (I) Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis Rotto Cay (18.31°/-64.86°) (0.008 km2) Ameiva exsul Anolis cristatellus wileyae Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis Saba Island (= Little Saba Island) (18.31°/-65.00°) (0.12 km2) Ameiva exsul Anolis cristatellus wileyae Anolis stratulus Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis Spondylurus sloanii Borikenophis portoricensis richardi Sail Rock (18.29°/-65.10°) (0.007 km2) Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis Salt Cay (18.36°/-65.05°) (0.23 km2) Ameiva exsul Anolis cristatellus wileyae Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis Spondylurus sp. Savana Island (18.34°/-65.08°) (0.70 km2) Ameiva exsul Anolis cristatellus wileyae Anolis stratulus Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis Borikenophis portoricensis richardi Shark Island (18.34°/-64.84°) (0.005 km2) Anolis cristatellus wileyae Thatch Cay (18.36°/-64.86°) (0.96 km2) Eleutherodactylus cochranae Ameiva exsul Anolis cristatellus wileyae Anolis stratulus Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis Borikenophis portoricensis richardi Turtledove Cay (18.31°/-65.00) (.02 km2) Anolis cristatellus wileyae Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis Water Island (18.32°/-64.95°) (1.99 km2) Chelonoidis carbonaria (I?) Ameiva exsul Anolis cristatellus wileyae Anolis stratulus Hemidactylus mabouia (I?) Iguana iguana (I) Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis Spondylurus sloanii (PX) Borikenophis portoricensis richardi West Cay (18.36°/-65.05°) (0.16 km2) Ameiva exsul Anolis cristatellus wileyae Anolis stratulus Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis St. John (18.34°/-64.75°) (49.67 km2) Eleutherodactylus antillensis Eleutherodactylus cochranae Eleutherodactylus coqui (I) Eleutherodactylus lentus Eleutherodactylus schwartzi (PX) Leptodactylus albilabris Osteopilus septentrionalis (I) Chelonoidis carbonaria (I?) Ameiva exsul Amphisbaena fenestrata Anolis cristatellus wileyae Anolis pulchellus Anolis roosevelti (PE) Anolis stratulus Hemidactylus mabouia (I?) Iguana iguana (I) Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis Spondylurus spilonotus (PE) Borikenophis portoricensis richardi (PX) Magliophis exiguus exiguus Typhlops richardii Cinnamon Cay (18.36°/-64.76°) (0.004 km2) Anolis cristatellus wileyae Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis Cocoloba Cay (18.32°/-64.76°) (0.004 km2) Anolis cristatellus wileyae Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis Flanagan Island (18.33°/-64.65°) (0.09 km2) Ameiva exsul Anolis cristatellus wileyae Anolis stratulus Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis Spondylurus sp. Typhlops richardii Henley Cay (one of the Durloe Cays) (18.35°/-64.79°) (0.05 km2) Anolis cristatellus wileyae Hemidactylus mabouia (I?) Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis Leduck Island (18.32°/-64.69°) (0.05 km2) Ameiva exsul Anolis cristatellus wileyae Anolis stratulus Ramgoat Cay (18.36°/-64.79°) (0.011 km2) Anolis cristatellus wileyae Rata Cay (18.36°/-64.80°) (0.002 km2) Anolis cristatellus wileyae 144 BULLETIN FLORIDA MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 51(2) Steven Cay (18.33°/-64.81°) (0.008 km2) Anolis cristatellus wileyae Anolis stratulus Iguana iguana (I) Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis Epicrates granti (I) Trunk Cay (18.36°/-64.77°) (0.009 km2) Anolis cristatellus wileyae Anolis stratulus Waterlemon Cay (18.37°/-64.72°) (0.003 km2) Anolis cristatellus wileyae Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis Whistling Cay (18.37°/-64.75°) (0.08 km2) Anolis cristatellus wileyae Anolis stratulus Iguana iguana (I) Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis JoSt van dyke (18.47°/-64.75°) (8.40 km2) Eleutherodactylus antillensis Eleutherodactylus lentus (I?) Eleutherodactylus schwartzi Leptodactylus albilabris Amphisbaena fenestrata Anolis cristatellus wileyae Anolis pulchellus Anolis stratulus Hemidactylus mabouia (I?) Iguana iguana (W?) Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis Borikenophis portoricensis ssp. (PX) Epicrates granti Magliophis exiguus exiguus Typhlops richardii Great Tobago (18.45°/-64.80°) (0.87 km2) Ameiva exsul Anolis cristatellus wileyae Hemidactylus mabouia (I?) Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis Green Cay (18.45°/-64.70°) (0.07 km2) Anolis cristatellus wileyae Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis Borikenophis portoricensis ssp. Little Jost van Dyke (18.45°/-64.72°) (0.63 km2) Ameiva exsul Anolis cristatellus wileyae Anolis pulchellus Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis Borikenophis portoricensis ssp. Typhlops richardii Little Tobago (18.43°/-64.85°) (0.22 km2) Anolis cristatellus wileyae Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis Spondylurus sloanii Borikenophis portoricensis ssp. Sandy Cay (18.43°/-64.72°) (0.06 km2) Ameiva exsul Anolis cristatellus wileyae Hemidactylus mabouia (I?) Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis Sandy Spit (18.43°/-64.70°) (0.001 km2) Anolis cristatellus wileyae Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis Watson Rock (= Cable Rock = Shark Rock) (18.44°/-64.83°) Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis tortola (18.45°/-64.60°) (54.44 km2) Eleutherodactylus antillensis Eleutherodactylus cochranae Eleutherodactylus johnstonei (I) Eleutherodactylus schwartzi Leptodactylus albilabris Osteopilus septentrionalis (I) Chelonoidis carbonaria (I?) Pseudemys nelsoni (I) Trachemys scripta elegans (I) Ameiva exsul Ameiva sp. (I?) Amphisbaena fenestrata Anolis cristatellus wileyae Anolis pulchellus Anolis roosevelti (PE) Anolis stratulus Hemidactylus mabouia (I?) Iguana iguana (I) Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis Sphaerodactylus parthenopion Spondylurus semitaeniatus Borikenophis portoricensis richardi Epicrates granti Magliophis exiguus exiguus Pantherophis guttatus (W?) Typhlops richardii Beef Island (18.45°/-64.52°) (3.72 km2) Eleutherodactylus antillensis Eleutherodactylus schwartzi Leptodactylus albilabris Osteopilus septentrionalis (I) Ameiva exsul Anolis cristatellus wileyae Anolis pulchellus Anolis stratulus Hemidactylus mabouia (I?) Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis Borikenophis portoricensis anagadae Magliophis exiguus exiguus Typhlops richardii POWELL AND HENDERSON: Island lists of West Indian amphibians and reptiles 145 Bellamy Cay (18.43°/-64.53°) (0.007 km2) Anolis cristatellus wileyae Hemidactylus mabouia (I?) Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis Buck Island (18.42°/-64.55°) (0.17 km2) Ameiva exsul Anolis cristatellus wileyae Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis Frenchman’s Cay (18.38°/-64.70°) (0.24 km2) Eleutherodactylus antillensis Eleutherodactylus schwartzi Ameiva exsul Amphisbaena fenestrata Anolis cristatellus wileyae Anolis pulchellus Anolis stratulus Hemidactylus mabouia (I?) Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis Magliophis exiguus exiguus Great Camanoe (18.48°/-64.53°) (3.37 km2) Eleutherodactylus antillensis Ameiva exsul Amphisbaena fenestrata Anolis cristatellus wileyae Anolis pulchellus Anolis stratulus Hemidactylus mabouia (I?) Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis Spondylurus semitaeniatus Borikenophis portoricensis anegadae Epicrates granti Magliophis exiguus exiguus Great Thatch Island (18.38°/-64.72°) (1.23 km2) Eleutherodactylus antillensis Eleutherodactylus cochranae Amphisbaena fenestrata Anolis cristatellus wileyae Anolis pulchellus Anolis stratulus Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis Guana Island (18.48°/-64.57°) (2.97 km2) Eleutherodactylus antillensis Osteopilus septentrionalis (W) Centrochelys sulcata (I) Chelonoidis carbonaria (I) Ameiva exsul Amphisbaena fenestrata Anolis cristatellus wileyae Anolis pulchellus Anolis stratulus Cyclura pinguis (I) Hemidactylus mabouia (I?) Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis Spondylurus semitaeniatus Borikenophis portoricensis anegadae Epicrates granti (?) Magliophis exiguus exiguus Typhlops richardii Little Camanoe (18.45°/-64.53°) (0.16 km2) Ameiva exsul Anolis cristatellus wileyae Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis Little Thatch Island (18.38°/-64.72°) (0.24 km2) Eleutherodactylus schwartzi (I) Anolis cristatellus wileyae Anolis stratulus Cyclura pinguis (I) Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis Spondylurus semitaeniatus Marina Cay (18.45°/-64.52°) (0.010 km2) Ameiva exsul Anolis cristatellus wileyae Anolis stratulus Hemidactylus mabouia (I?) Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis Typhlops richardii Scrub Island (18.47°/-64.52°) (0.97 km2) Ameiva exsul Anolis cristatellus wileyae Anolis stratulus Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis Spondylurus sp. peter ISland (18.37°/-64.58°) (4.29 km2) Eleutherodactylus sp. Osteopilus septentrionalis (I) Chelonoidis carbonaria (I?) Ameiva exsul Anolis cristatellus wileyae Anolis pulchellus Anolis stratulus Hemidactylus mabouia (I?) Iguana iguana (I) Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis Spondylurus sloanii Borikenophis portoricensis richardi Magliophis exiguus exiguus Pantherophis guttatus (W) Carrot Rock (18.32°/-64.57°) (0.013 km2) Anolis ernestwilliamsi Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis Spondylurus macleani Deadman’s Chest (= Dead Chest) (18.37°/-64.57°) (0.14 km2) Ameiva exsul Anolis cristatellus wileyae Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis Spondylurus sp. 146 BULLETIN FLORIDA MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 51(2) Norman Island (18.33°/-64.62°) (2.57 km2) Ameiva exsul Anolis cristatellus wileyae Anolis pulchellus Anolis stratulus Cyclura pinguis (I) Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis Spondylurus sloanii Borikenophis portoricensis ssp. Typhlops richardii Pelican Island (18.33°/-64.62°) (0.03 km2) Anolis cristatellus wileyae Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis Skipper Cay (= Key Cay) (18.34°/-64.60°) (0.011 km2) Anolis cristatellus wileyae vIrGIn Gorda (18.50°/-64.40°) (21.30 km2) Eleutherodactylus antillensis Eleutherodactylus cochranae Eleutherodactylus schwartzi Osteopilus septentrionalis (I) Peltophryne lemur (PX) Chelonoidis carbonaria (I?) Ameiva exsul Amphisbaena fenestrata Anolis cristatellus wileyae Anolis pulchellus Anolis stratulus Hemidactylus mabouia (I?) Iguana iguana (I) Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis Sphaerodactylus parthenopion Spondylurus semitaeniatus Borikenophis portoricensis anegadae Magliophis exiguus exiguus Typhlops naugus Broken Jerusalem (18.40°/-64.45°) (0.009 km2) Anolis cristatellus wileyae Cistern Rock (18.38°/-64.50°) (0.001 km2) Anolis cristatellus wileyae Cooper Island (18.37°/-64.50°) (1.38 km2) Ameiva exsul Anolis cristatellus wileyae Anolis stratulus Hemidactylus mabouia (I?) Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis Borikenophis portoricensis ssp. East Seal Dog (18.50°/-64.43°) (0.008 km2) Anolis cristatellus wileyae Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis Eustatia Island (18.52°/-64.37°) (0.11 km2) Ameiva exsul Anolis cristatellus wileyae Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis Fallen Jerusalem (18.42°/-64.45°) (0.12 km2) Anolis cristatellus wileyae Anolis pulchellus Anolis stratulus Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis Spondylurus semitaeniatus George Dog (18.5°/-64.45°) (0.15 km2) Ameiva exsul Anolis cristatellus wileyae Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis Ginger Island (18.40°/-64.47°) (1.05 km2) Ameiva exsul Anolis cristatellus wileyae Anolis stratulus Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis Spondylurus semitaeniatus Borikenophis portoricensis ssp. Great Dog (18.48°/-64.45°) (0.33 km2) Eleutherodactylus schwartzi Ameiva exsul Anolis cristatellus wileyae Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis Typhlops sp. Moskito Island (= Mosquito Island) (18.50°/-64.38°) (0.50 km2) Osteopilus septentrionalis (I) Ameiva exsul Anolis cristatellus wileyae Anolis stratulus Cyclura pinguis (I) Hemidactylus mabouia (I?) Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis Sphaerodactylus parthenopion Spondylurus semitaeniatus Thecadactylus rapicauda Borikenophis portoricensis anegadae Necker Island (18.55°/-64.35°) (0.30 km2) Eleutherodactylus antillensis (I) Osteopilus septentrionalis (W) Centrochelys sulcata (I) Chelonoidis carbonaria (I) Ameiva exsul Anolis cristatellus wileyae Anolis pulchellus Anolis stratulus Cyclura pinguis (I) Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis Spondylurus semitaeniatus Thecadactylus rapicauda Borikenophis portoricensis anegadae Typhlops naugus Prickly Pear Island (18.50°/-64.37°) (0.70 km2) Ameiva exsul Anolis cristatellus wileyae POWELL AND HENDERSON: Island lists of West Indian amphibians and reptiles 147 Anolis stratulus Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis Spondylurus sp. Typhlops naugus Round Rock (18.40°/-64.45°) (0.08 km2) Ameiva exsul Anolis cristatellus wileyae Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis Spondylurus semitaeniatus Saba Rock (18.50°/-64.45°) (0.002 km2) Anolis cristatellus wileyae Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis Salt Island (18.38°/-64.52°) (0.78 km2) Ameiva exsul Anolis cristatellus wileyae Anolis stratulus Hemidactylus mabouia (I?) Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis Spondylurus semitaeniatus Spondylurus sloanii Borikenophis portoricensis richardi South Cockroach (= Big Cockroach = Cockroach Island) (18.48°/-64.45°) (0.004 km2) Anolis cristatellus wileyae Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis West Dog (18.48°/-64.47°) (0.13 km2) Anolis cristatellus wileyae Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis West Seal Dog (18.50°/-64.43°) (0.02 km2) Anolis cristatellus wileyae Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis aneGada (18.75°/-64.33°) (38.72 km2) Leptodactylus albilabris Ameiva exsul Anolis cristatellus wileyae Anolis pulchellus Anolis stratulus Cyclura pinguis Hemidactylus mabouia (I?) Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis Spondylurus anegadae Thecadactylus rapicauda Borikenophis portoricensis anegadae Magliophis exiguus exiguus Typhlops catapontus ST. CROIX BANK St. CroIx (17.74°/-64.74°) (211.78 km2) Eleutherodactylus antillensis (I?) Eleutherodactylus coqui (I) Eleutherodactylus lentus Eleutherodactylus schwartzi (I?) Leptodactylus albilabris Osteopilus septentrionalis (I) Lithobates catesbeianus (W) Lithobates pipiens (W) Rhinella marina (I) Chelonoidis carbonaria (I?) Trachemys scripta elegans (I) Ameiva exsul (I) Ameiva polops (PX) Anolis acutus Capitellum parvicruzae (PE) Hemidactylus mabouia (I?) Iguana iguana (I) Sphaerodactylus beattyi beattyi Sphaerodactylus beattyi seamani Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis Spondylurus magnacruzae (PE) Thecadactylus rapicauda Borikenophis portoricensis (W) Borikenophis sancticrucis (PE) Pantherophis guttatus (W) Ramphotyphlops braminus (I) Thamnophis sp. (W) Typhlops richardii Buck Island (17.79°/-64.62°) (0.73 km2) Ameiva polops (I) Anolis acutus Sphaerodactylus beattyi beattyi Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis Green Cay (17.77°/-64.67°) (0.05 km2) Ameiva polops Anolis acutus Sphaerodactylus beattyi beattyi Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis Spondylurus magnacruzae (PE) Borikenophis sancticrucis (PE) Protestant Cay (17.75°/-64.70°) (0.02 km2) Ameiva polops Anolis acutus Sphaerodactylus macrolepis macrolepis Ruth Island (17.68°/-64.76°) (0.08 km2) Ameiva polops (I) i BULLETIN FLORIDA MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 51(2) LITERATURE CITED Barbour, T., & B. Shreve. 1935. Concerning some Bahamian reptiles, with notes on the fauna. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 40:347–366. Fairbanks, R. G. 1989. A 17,000-year glacioeustatic sea level record: Influence of glacial melting rates on the Younger Dryas event and deep- ocean circulation. Nature 342:637–642. Grant, C. 1937. 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