4
29
A. A. Hamodi and M. S. Abdul-Rassoul
Bull. Iraq nat. Hist. Mus.
(2008)10 (3): 29-35
*KEYS FOR IDENTIFICATION FOR GENERA AND SPECIES OF
THRIPS (THYSANOPTERA : THRIPIDAE) FROM MIDDLE OF IRAQ
Awatif Abdul-Fatah Hamodi** and Mohammed Saleh Abdul-Rassoul***
**Department of Plant Protection, College Of Agriculture, Baghdad
University
*** Iraq Natural History Museum, Baghdad University, Baghdad, Iraq
ABSTRACT
Keys for 22 species representing ten genera Thripidae collection carried out during 1999-
2001 in different localities in the middle of Iraq. Of them four species are described as new to
science, Frankliniella megacephala sp. nov; Retithrips bagdadensis sp. nov; Chirothrips
imperatus sp. nov; Taeniothrips tigridis sp. nov; Another thirteen species are recorded for the
first time in Iraq; Thrips meridionalis (Pri.); Microcephalothrips abdominils (Crawford);
Scolothrips pallidus (Beach); Scritothrips mangiferae Pri.; Frankliniella tritici Bagnall;
Frankliniella schultzie Trybom; Frankliniella unicolor Morgan; Retithrips aegypticus
Marchal; Retithrips javanicus Mayet; Taeniothrips gowdeyi (Bagnall); Chirothrips
meridionalis Bagnall; Chirothrips me10icanus Crawford; Chirothrips hamatus Trybom; and
four species reported previously for Iraq; Thrips tabaci Lindeman; Retithrips syriacus Mayet;
Parascolothrips priesneri Mound; Anaphothrips sudanensis Trybom; Scolothrips
se10maculatus (Pergande), on different plants.
INTRODUCTION
Thripidae is one of the largest Thysanoptera families, included four subfamilies, and 1710
species (Mound, 1997; Heming, 2000). In Iraq no more study to identification thrips, that
species wailed distribution, different at needed a temperature, humidity, lived in filed, garden,
green house. Hardly seen a species on one plant as Microcephalothrips abdomenalis
(Crawford) called (a composite thrips) and Anaphothrips sudanensis Trybom (a grass thrips),
Chirothrips spp. a (gramany thrips).
RESULT
Characters for family Thripidae:
Antennae 8-9 segments, sense cone on 3,4 simple or forked, maxillary palp 2-3 segment,
legs normal tarsi 1-2 segment some times with a claw, riticulium only on pterothora10.
Pronotum with a micro seta on a disk, each hind angle carried pair of consumption seta, wings
pale with 2-3 longitude veins on fore wing only, upper vein e10tend behind anterior marginal
wig (coastal wing), hind wing pale without veins, abdomen normal, posterior margin of eight
segment cared a comb, some times absent.
The family divided to four subfamilies: Panchaetothripinae, Thripinae, Sericothripinae
and Dendrothripinae (Mound & Walker, 1982).
1- Subfamily Panchaetothripinae:
Riticulium in whole body, antennae heliothripod, 8 segmented the last segment longer
than 7 segment. Wings broad at base, first vein fused with coastal margin and content the
* Apart of M. Sc. Thesis of the first author.
30
Keys for Identification
ambient vein. Apex of abdomen proved with a spiny or strongly seats. There are 33
genera and 120 species beyond to this subfamily. Here find only genus Retithrips.
2- Subfamily Sericothripinae:
Pale yellowish in color, small size, antennae 8 segmented sense cone on 3rd, 4th forked,
wing’s seta sperted on first vein, and a serial on 2nd vein, hind angel of Pronotum carried
one seta at each side, whole body covered in a micro seta’s specially on abdomenal
segmented I – 8 and became less at segmented 9, 10 (Mound & Walker, 1982), find only
genus Scritothrips.
3- Subfamily Thripinae:
It is a largest one for this family, different in their characters, riticulium weekly on
pterothorax only, antennae 6-8 or 9 segmented the apex segmented small or some time
equal7 segmented in length, wing veins prominent, apex of abdominal segment proved
with long, strong seta some times a spiny. Divided to two Tribe: Chirothripini; Thripini
(Mound&Walker, 1982).
Tribe Chirothripini:
Head e10tend between antennae basic, antennae 8 segmented, 2nd segmented a projection at
outer side, sense cone on 3, 4 simple or forked, Pronotum not equal in anterior and posterior
margin the lateral as 1.2 – 1.3 time as the first. Abdomen proved with a strong seta at apex, as
in genus Limothrips, in Iraq find only genus Chirothrips.
Tribe Thripini:
Antennae 6-8 or 9 segmented, sense cones on 3, 4 segmented simple or forked. Pronotum
equal in there anterior and posterior margins, different in habit, feeding on wild host plant,
some of them are predator, feeding on small Arthropod, in Iraq find the genera; Thrips;
Microcephalothrips; Scolothrips; Parascolothrips; Anaphothrips; Taeniothrips; Frankliniella;
Key to the Iraqi genera of family Thripidae:
1- Rriticulium at whole body, antennae heliothripod, Pronotum equal at anterior and posterior
margins, more longer that the lateral, three callosities on fore wing, ambient vein present,
posterior margin of abdomenal segmented with a strongly structure like teeth on each
sides, comb present, dark brown color on Vitis leaf (fig.1) …………..Retithrips Marchal
- Not at above…………………………………………..……….………...…………….……...2
2- Antennae 7 segmented………………………...……………………….………………...…3
-Antennae 8-9 segmented………………………....…………………………………….…...5
3- One short pair seta on hind angel of Pronotum, 4-5 pairs microseta’s on posterior margin,
1-8 chitin structure on posterior abdomenal margins, wing seta few, distance at arranged,
brown-yellowish in color. On sunflower,(Fig.2) ……..…….Microcephalothrips Bagnall.
- Two long pairs seta on hind angel of Pronotum, consumption, more than 5 pairs seta on
posterior margin, posterior abdomenal segmented smooth, color and size different…...…4
4- Antennae segmented carried microseta, maxillary palp 3 segmented, comb present,
abdomenal segment cylindrical in shape, wild distribution (Fig.3)..………...…Thrips Linn.
- Antennae segmented without microseta, maxillary palp 2 segment, 3 brown spots on fore
wing, comb absent, posterior abdomenal margin not slightly, pale brown in color,
predator a anther small insects. (FIg.4) ………………………………...….Parascolothrips
Mound.
5- Pronotum symmetrical in shape, hind angle with 1-2 seta or none.2nd antennal segment
symmetrical, sense cone on 3,4, forked, head normal,………………………...…………..6
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A. A. Hamodi and M. S. Abdul-Rassoul
- Pronotum a symmetrical, hind margin 1.2 – 1.3 time as fore margin,2 antennal segment
asymmetrical a projected at the outer side, sense cone on 3,4 forked or simple, head
e10tended between antennal basal (Fig.5)…………………….....……Chirothrips Haliday
6- Fore and hind Pronotum angels proved 1-2 long seta, abdomenal segmented carried a
microseta or none………………………………………………………......……..………..9
- Fore Pronotum angels without seta, hind angel with 1-2 prominent seta, that’s on tip
abdomenal strong……………………………………………………………………..……7
7- One seta at each hind angel of Pronotum or none, comb present, different in size and
color…………………………………………………………..…………….…………...…8
- 2 seta at each hind angel of Pronotum, no microseta at abdomenal segment, brown-
yellowish in color (Fig.6)………………………….………Taeniothrips Amyot & Serville
8- One seta at each hind angel, abdomen coverd by microseta, seta on 9 –10 long,
pale(Fig.7)……………………………………………….……….………Scirtothrips Shull
- Hind angels of Pronotum without seta, that’s on 9-10 abdomenal segmented strong and
long (Fig.8)………………………………….…………………………..Anaphothrips Uzel
9- Bodies seta long, pale, three brown spots on fore wing, seta’s vein a few, distances arrange,
pale brown-yellowish in color, predator (Fig.9)…………..…..…………Scolothrips Hinds
- Body’s seats shorter, dark or brown, fore wing pale, seta’s vein arranged in a serial on
veins, color, size different (Fig.10)……………….......….…………….Frankliniella Karny
Key to the Iraqi species of Thrips L.
1- Abdomenal sterinat 2-8 proved with a ccsossary seta, lateral target of abdomenal segment
without microseta, Ovipositor short, base antennal vi segment convex, large species 1.4-1.5
mm, brown-yellowish in color ig,11)………………………………...….meridionalis(Priesner)
- Abdomenal segmented without a ccsossary seta, lateral target with microseta, ovipositor
long, base antennal vi segment circular, o.9-1.5 mm in length, paleyellowish, brown-ellowish
in color, wild distribution (Fig.3)…………………………………………..…tabaci Lindeman
Key to the Iraqi species of Scolothrips Hinds
1- First spot’s wing contact at fore margin, 2-8 antennae segmented shaded with grayish color,
lateral segment 3,4 not circular (Fig.12)………….………………sexmaculatus (Pergande)
- First spot’s wing not contact at fore margin, antennae segment 2-8 not shaded, lateral
segmented 3,4 circular (Fig. 9)…………………………………………….pallidus (Beach)
Key to the Iraqi species of Retithrips Marchal
1- Three callosities on fore wing, sense cone on segment 3,4 simple or forked………………2
- Two callosities on fore wing, sense cone simple (Fig.13)………….………..javanicus Karny
2-All callosities at straight…………………..……………………………….…………….…..3
- Callosities not at a straight sense con on 3rd segment very short (Fig.14)…bagdadensis
sp.nov.
3-Sense cone on segment 3,4 forked (Fig.15)……………….…….………aegypticus Marchal
- Sense cone simple, normal in length (Fig.1)……………………..…………..syriacus (Mayet)
Key to the Iraqi species of Frankliniella Karny
1- Comb present, abdomenal segmented 9 with 4 long seta, that’s on wing; 23:18:15, dark
brown in color (Fig.16)……………………………………………………….tritici Bagnall
- comb absent, more than 4 seta on abdomenal segmented 9, seta’s wing different, color and
size different ……………………………………………………………….….…………..2
2- Tubular ocelli present, eyes close at head side, anteocular setae airside at front, seta’s wing;
20:18:14 (Fig.10)……………………….………………………………..schltzie Trybom
32
Keys for Identification
- Tubular ocelli wanting, eyes far away from head sides, anterocular seta different in placed,
seta’s wing different …………………………………………………………….……..….3
3- Eyes distance 9-10 M from head sides, anterocular seta within it, seta’s wing;
25:17:12 ……(Fig.17)……………………….……………………………unicolr Morgan
- Eyes distance 28-30 M, anterocular seta airside at anterior ocelli, seta’s wing;
27:19:15 ………(Fig.18)……………..……………………….…….megacephala sp. nov.
Key to the Iraqi species of Taeniothrips Amyot & Serville
1- Ommatidia un arranged as serial on outer margin of eyes, primary comb present, seta’s
wing;23:11:13 (Fig.6)………………………………………………….…gowdeyi(Bagnall)
- Ommatidia arranged as serial on outer margin of eyes, comb absent, seta’s wing;
27:10:13 …(Fig.19)………………………………………….…………….tigridis sp. nov.
Key to the Iraqi species of Chirothrips Haliday
1- 2nd antennal segment with a projection at outer side…………………....………….…..…2
- 2nd antennal segment normal……………………………………..……………..……….…3
2- Sense cones on antennal segments 3,4 forked, head not e10tended between antennal basal,
scallopus on pterothorax weakly, posterior margin of abdomenal segmented 2-8 provided
with chitin structure, male winged, glandular area circular, small in size
(Fig.20)………………………………………………………..………...meridionalis Bag.
- Sense cones on antennal segmented 3,4 simple, head e10tended between antennal basal,
scallopus strongly on pterothorax, posterior margin of abdomenal segmented 2-8 smooth
(Fig.21)………….…………………………………………………me10icanus Crawford
3- Fore tibia dented in both sex, male wingless, ocelli absent,(Fig.22) …….imperatus sp. nov.
- Fore tibia un dented, male unknown(Fig.5)……………………..………….hamatus Trybom
REFERENCES
Bailey, S. F. 1937. The composite thrips Microcephalothrips abdominalis (Crawford). Canad.
Ent. 69(1): 121-126.
------------- 1957. The thrips of California part 1: suborder Terebrantia. Bull. Calif. Ins. Surv.
4(5): 142-220.
Bhatti, J. S. 1978. Systematics of Anaphothrips Uzel. 1895 sensu latu and some related genera
(Insecta:Thysanoptera:Thripidae). Senckenbergiana biol. 59(1-2):85-114.
Bhatti, J. S. 1980. Species of genus Thrips from India (Thysanoptera). Systematic Ent.
5(2):109-166.
Bryan, D. E. and Smith, R.F. 1956. The Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) comple10 in
California (Thysanoptera:Thripidae). Univ. Calif. Public. Ent. 10(6): 359-410.
Gentile, A. G. and Bailey, S. F. 1968. A revision of the genus Thrips Linnaeus in the new
world with a catalogue of the world species (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Univ. Calif.
Publi. Ent. 51: 1-80.
Heming, B. S. 2000. Checklist Alberta Thysanoptera – Thrips. Internet.
Hood, J. D. 1932. New species of the genus Thrips from central Africa and Egypt. Bull. Soc.
Ent. Egypt. Egypte. Cairo. 21: 115-140.
33
A. A. Hamodi and M. S. Abdul-Rassoul
Marullo, R. 1993. Le specie italiane del genera Frankliniella Karny. In for matore
Fitopatologico 11: 37-44.
Morgan, A. C. - 1925. Si10 new species of Frankliniella Karny and a key to the American
species. Canad. Ent. 57: 136-147.
Morison, G. D. 1957. A review of British glasshous Thysanoptera Trans. R. Ent. Soc. London
109: 476-521.
Mound, L. A. 1967. A new genus and species of Thysanoptera predatory of mites in Iraq. Bull.
Ent. Res. 57: 315-319.
----------------- 1968. A review of R. S. Bagnall’s Thysanoptera collections. Bull. Br. Mus. Nat.
Hist. (Ent.). Suppl. 11: 1-181.
----------------- 1980. Phylogenetic relationships between the families of recent Thysanoptera
(Insecta). Zoological J. Linn. Soc. 96(2): 111-141.
----------------- 1981. Identification, distribution and host plant of the pest species of
Scirtothrips (Thysanoptera:Thripidae). Bull. Ent. Res. 71: 467-479.
Mound, L.A. and Walker, A.K. 1982. Terebrantia (Insecta: Thysanoptera) no. I Fauna of
NewZealand, 1, 113 pp.
----------------, 1997. In Lewis, T. (ed.). Thrips as crop pests CAB. International Walling Ford.
6. Biological diversity. Pp. 197-215.
Priesner, H. 1932. Preliminary notes on Scirtothrips in Egypt with key and catalogue of the
Scirothrips species of the world. Bull. Soc. Ent. Egypt. 16: 141-155.
-------------- 1949a. Genera Thysanoptera, keys for the Identification of the genera of the order
Thysanoptera. Bull. Soc. Ent. Egypt. 33: 31-157.
-------------- 1949b. Studies on the genus Chirothrips Haliday. Bull. Soc. Ent. Egypt. 33: 159-
174.
-------------- 1950. Studies on the genus Scolothrips Hinds. Bull. Soc. Ent. Egypt. 34: 39-67.
Rivany, E. 1939. Studies in the biology and ecology of Retithrips syriacus Mayet with species
attention to its occurrence in Palestine. Bull. Soc. Ent. Egypt. 23: 150-181.
Singh, S. 1942. A contribution to our knowledge of Indian Thysanoptera. Indian J. Ent. 4(2):
122-135.
------------- 1944. Studies on some Indian Thysanoptera. Proc. R. Ent. Soc. London, B. 13:
142-156.
------------- 1945. Studies on the systematics of Indian Thysanoptera-Terebrantia. Indian J. Ent.
7: 147-188.
34
Keys for Identification
Speyer, E.R. and Parr, W.J. 1941. The e10ternal structure of some Thysanoptera Larvae.
Trans. R. Ent. Soc. London. 91(2): 559-635.
Steinweden, J.B. 1933. Key to all known species of the genus Taeniothrips Amyot & Serville.
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35
A. A. Hamodi and M. S. Abdul-Rassoul
Bull. Iraq nat. Hist. Mus.
(2008)10 (3): 29-35
صية خي فاتيح ش واع –م ق وأن را ط الع س في س الترب
ي ود د ال تاح حم ف عب ل و *عواط د ا رسو ح ب ص ل حمد **م
م و اية * س تاق مزروعا داد/ ةكلية ا زراع/ ل ة بغ جامع
ي** ع خ ال بي ري ف ال ا ح داد/مت ة بغ د/ جامع غدا ق/ ب العرا
ة ص الخال
ل صية ش ي ح ت س ) ٢٢(م اتي رت ن عائل ال س م ج ا ود لع رة ا ع عا ت ت )Thripidede(نو مجع
جد دة ٢٠٠٠-١٩٩٩خالل كان اع ت م ها ص ربعة ق ط ا عرا س خمتل ة يف ق من من ط
يللعل :م و
megacephala sp. nov; Retithrips bagdadensis sp. nov; Chirothrips imperatus
sp. nov; Taeniothrips tigridis sp. Nov.;
م ـب ش م البق ة فت ي) ١٣(ا ق وه ر ل م ة يف الع ل ال ج س :نوعً ت
Thrips meridionalis (Pri.); Microcephalothrips abdominils (Crawford);
Scolothrips pallidus (Beach); Scritothrips mangiferae Pri.; Frankliniella
tritici Bagnall; Frankliniella schultzie Trybom; Frankliniella unicolor
Morgan; Retithrips aegypticus Marchal; Retithrips javanicus Mayet;
Taeniothrips gowdeyi (Bagnall); Chirothrips meridionalis Bagnall;
Chirothrips me10icanus Crawford; Chirothrips hamatus Trybom;
ي را وه جلة ابقًا للع س م ع س انوا مخ :و
Thrips tabaci Lindeman; Retithrips syriacus Mayet; Parascolothrips
priesneri Mound; Anaphothrips sudanensis Trybom; Scolothrips
se10maculatus (Pergande).