7-18


 

7

 

B.A. Al- Ni’ma & A. H. Al - Khay’yat 

Bull. Iraq nat. Hist. Mus. 
(2001) 9 (3): 7-18 
 

CHECK LIST OF IRAQI BRYOFLORA 
 

B. A. Basheer Al-Ni’ma* and Abdul Husain Al-Khay’yat** 
*Dept. Biology, Coll. of Sci.. Univ. of Mosul 

**Dept. of Plan. Prot., Coll. of Agric., Univ. of Baghdad 
 

INTRODUCTION 
    The pioneer contributions included a sign for Iraqi Bryoflora were those of (Juratzka & 
Milde) and Schiffner published at the end of the 19th century i.e. (1870 & 1897) respectively. 
However, throughout the whole next century, the 20th, only few papers, by different authors, 
have been published separately. They are Schiffner (1913); Handel-Mazzetti (1914); Froelich 
(1959); Vondracek (1962 & 1965); Agnew &Townsend    (1970); Agnew ( 1973 ) ; Agnew & 
Vondracek (1975); Long (1979); Al-Ni’ma (1994). The most comprehensive work among 
them was the “Moss Flora of Iraq” by Agnew & Vondracek (1975). It included a description 
of 54 genera and 145 species with an identification key in addition to notes on the climate, 
topography and soil of the country. This flora is of a great scientific value. It forms a major 
basic source of information not only about Iraq flora but for adjacent regions also. 
    Some of these researchers deposited their specimen as follows: Agnew in Baghdad 
University Herbarium and British Museum, Vondracek in Baghdad University Herbarium, 
Handle-Mazzetti at Natural History Museum in Vienna and Al-Ni’ma in the Herbarium of the 
College of Science, Mosul University. 
    In the end of the 20th century, the idea has come ot unify the previously recorded taxa in a 
single issue to be    available for the next generation in the beginning of the new century. 
 

Arrangement of the list: 

 - The present list includes 12 orders with 23 families, 70 genera and a total of 218 species, 
out of which only 12 species belong to 4 orders of liverworts.     

-   Mosses were arranged following that of Agnew & Vondracek (1975), while the liverworts 
arranged according to Watson (1968). 

Each taxon followed by an abbreviated citation including collectors’ names and distribution’s 
district. 
Important note: 
    The districts of, only, Handel-Mazzetti species will not be given since this author referred 
to the ecological habitat of his taxa without denotation of location’s names. To remind the 
reader with this important note a star (*) was added after (Han) throughout the list. 

A/ Collectors’ names and their abbreviation 
1. Schiffner ( 1897 )……………………………( S18 ) 
2. Schiffner ( 1913 )……………………………(S19 ) 
3. Handel – Mazzitti ( 1914 ) ………………….( Han ) 
4. Froelic ( 1959 ) ……………………………..( Fro )  
5. Vondracek ( 1962 ) ………………………….( V62 ) 
6. Vondracek ( 1965 ) …………………………( V65 )  

 



 

 

8

Bryoflora  of Iraq 

7. Agnew ( 1973 ) …………………………….( Agn )  
8. Agnew& Vondracek (1975 )………………..( A & V )  
9. Long ( 1979 ) ………………………………( Lon )  
10. Al- Ni’ma ( 1994 ) ………………………..( Aln ) 

B/Physiographic districts and their abbreviations 
Amadiya district:……………….(MAM) 
Rowanduz district:…..………….(MRO) 
Sulaimainya district:…...………..(MSU) 
Jabal Singar district:...…………...(MJS) 
Upper Jazira district:…...………...(FUJ) 
Nineveh district:………..………...(FNI) 
Arbil district:…………………….(FAR) 
Kirkuk district:………….………..(FKI) 
Prsian Foothills district…………..(FPF) 
Lower Jazira district:……………..(DLJ) 
Ghurfa-Adhaim district:………...(DGA) 
Western Desert district:………...(DWD) 
Southern Desert district:………...(DSD) 
Eastern Alluvial plain district:..…(LEA) 
Central Alluvial plain district:..…(LCA) 
Southern March district:………...(LSM) 
Basra Estuarine district:……..…..(LBA) 
 
- These physiographic districts of Iraq were used throughout the Flora of Iraq by 
Guest (1966). We prefer to use it here also rather than the distribution in “Moss flora of Iraq”, 
since it depends upon administrative units. (i.e.) liwa or province. Names and borders of these 
units are probably subject for changes with times as it was already took place. 

 
A-CLASS MUSCI 
Subclass Bryales 

   I. Order Fissidentales 
           I. a.  Family Fissidentaceae 

 
1.1- Fissidens arnoldi Ruthe  [For:MAM; A&V:FAR, MSU, MAM] 
1.2- F. bryoides Hedw.  [A&V:MSU] 
1.3- F. crassipes Wils. [A&V:MAM] 
1.4- F. crassipes var. submarginatus Fleisch et Warnst.  [S19:MJS; Han:*; A&V:MJS] 
1.5- F. mnevidis Amann  [A&V:MRO, FAR] 
1.6- F. persicus Ruthe et Milde  [A&V:MJS, MSU] 
1.7- F. viridulus (Web. Et Mohr)  [A&V:MRO, MSU] 
 

II. Order Dicrinales 
II. a.  Family Ditrichaceae 

 
2.1- Distchium capillaceum (Hedw.) B. S. G. [A&V; MRO] 
2.2- D. capillaceum var. compactum [Huben.)(FRO; Rementioned in A&V][FAR,ARO] 
3.1- Cheilothela chloropus (Brid.) Lind. [A&V;MRO] 



 

9

 

B.A. Al- Ni’ma & A. H. Al - Khay’yat 

II, b. Family Dicranaceae 
4.1- Anisothecium varium (Hedw.) Mitt. [A&V;MRO ] 

 

III. Order Pottiales 

III. a. Family Encalyptaceae 

5.1- Encalypta intermedia Jur. [S19; FUJ;Han:*; Fro: MSU;A&V;MSU,MRO,FUJ,MAM] 

5.2- E. rhadocarpa Swchwaegr. [A&V:MJS] 

5.3- E. vulgaris Hedw. [A&V: MRO,FAR,MAM,FNI,MSU] 

 

III. b. Family Pottiaceae 

III. b./i  Subfamily Trichostomea 

6.1- Barbula acuta (Brid.) Brid. [Han:*;A&V: Diyala province (Jebel Hamrin &Diyala 
weir),MRO,FKI,MAM,FNI] 

6.2- B. fallax Hedw. [Fro:MSU;A&V:MSU] 

6.3- B. Hornschuchiana Schultz [Han:*;A&V:FAR,MRO,MAM,FNI] 

6.4- B. Hornschuchiana var. pseudorevoluta Reim. [A&V:FPF (Jebel Hamrin)] 

6.5- B. icmadophila Schimp [A&V:MRO] 

6.6- Barbula revoluta Brid. [Han:*;A&V:MRO,MSU] 

6.7- B. rigidula (9Hedw.) Mitt. [S19: MAM;Han:*] According to Smith (1978) they 
mentioned the synonyme  Didymodon rigidulus Hedw. 

6.8- B. tophaceae (Brid.) Mitt. [Fro:FKI;A&V:LEA,FAR,MRO,MSU] The 1st author 
mentioned the synonym Didymodon tophaceae. 

6.9-B. tophaceae f. lingulata Moenkm. [A&V: LEA,MRO] 

6.10- B.trifaria (Hedw.) Mitt. [V62: MRO] 

6.11- B. trifaria var. desertorum (Froehlich) S. Agnew Comb. Nov. [Fro:LEA,FPF,LSM,Tib 
river FPF/LEA/LSM;A&V:Tib river DGA,LEA,FPF,DWD,MRO,FKI,FUJ,FNI,MAM]. The 
1st author mentioned the synonym Barbula rigidula var. desertorum. 

6.12- B. unguiculata Hedw. [Fro:MSU,A&V:LEA,MRO,MSU,FNI] 

6.13- B. vienalis Brid. [S19: MAM, MJS, FUJ; Han:*;A&V:FPF Jebel Hamrin, 
LEA,MRO,DWD,FAR,MSU,MAM,FUJ,DLJ,MJS] 

6.14- B. vienalis var. cylindrica Boul.  [A&V: MRO, FNI, MAM, MSU] 

7.1- Hydrogonium ehrenbergii (Lorentz) Jager et Sauerb. [Han:*; A&V: MRO,MAM,] the 1st 
author mentioned the synonym Didymodon ehrenbergii. 

8.1- Streblotrichum convolutum (Hedw.) P. Beauv. [A&V: MAM] 

9.1- Hymenostylium recurvirostrum (Hedw.) Dix. [A&V: MRO] 



 

 

10

Bryoflora  of Iraq 

10.1- Anoectangium aestivum  (Hedw.) B. S. G. [A&V: MSU] 

10.2- A. handelii Schiffn [Han:*; A&V: MAM,MSU] 

11.1-Eucladium verticillatum (Brid.) B. S. G. [Fro: MSU, MRO, 
V62:MRO;A&V:MRO,FPF,FNI,MAM,MSU] 

11.2- E.  verticillatum var. angustifolium Jur. [A&V: MRO] 

12.1- Hymenostomum tortile (Schwaegr.) B. S. G. [S19: MJS;Han:*;A&V: 
MRO,MSU,FNI,MJS,FUJ] 

13.1- Weissia controversa var amblydon (Brid.) C. Jens. [V62: MRO; rementioned in A&V]. 
It seems that both authors referred to the same specimen since they were collected it from 
Helgurd mountain, but the variety was mentioned only in (A&V). 

14.1- W. crispata (Nees & Hornsch.) C. Mull. [Han:*] 

14.2- Weissia fallax Sehlm. [A&V: MRO, MSU, MAM] 

15.1- Gymnostmum aeruginosum Smith [A&V: MRO, DLJ, MSU] 

15.2- G. calcareum Nees & Hornsch [V62: MRO; A&V: MRO, FKI, MSU] 

15.3-G mosis (Lor.) Jur. at Milde [A&V: FPE  
(JebelJamrin),MRO,FKI,MSU,DLJ,FNI,MAM,DSD] 
 15.4- G. rupestra Schleich [Han:*;V62:MRO] 

         16.1- Gyroweisia tenuis (Hedw.) Schimp. [S19: MAM; Han:*;A&V:LEA,FP (Diyala 
weir),LBA,DWD,MSU,MAM] 

17.1- Timmiella barbuloides (Brid.) Moenk. [S19:  
FUJ,MJS;Han:*;A&V:MRO,FKI,MSU,MAM,FNI,FUJ,MJS] 

18.1- Trichostomum crispulum var. elatum Schimp. [A&V: MRO, MSU, MAM] 

19.1- Tortella tortuosa (Hedw.) Limpr. [V62: MRO;A&V:MRO,MAM,MSU] 

20.1- Pleurochaete squarrosa (Brid.) Lindb. [A&V: MSU, MAM] 
 

III. b/ii Subfamily Pottieae 

 21.1- Acaulon triquetrum (Spruce) C. Mull [A&V: LEA] 

 22 .1- Pteryouneurum ovatum (Hedw.) Dix.[Han:*; A&V: FUJ, DGA, LEA, DWD, LCA, 
MSU] The 1st author mentioned the synonyme P. cavifolium. 

 23.1- Pottia commutata Limp [Han: *; A&V: FUJ, LCA, (Baghdad) LEA, MSU, FNI] 

  23.2- P. davalliana (Smith) Broth.[A&V: LCA, LEA (Baghdad). MSU, FUJ] 

  23.3- Pottia lanceolata (Hedw.) C. Mull. [Han: *; A&V: MRO, MAM] 

23.4- P. mutica ven [S19: FUJ; Han: *; A&V: FKI, MSU, DLJ, FUJ] 

    *; A&V: FKI, MSU, DLJ, FUJ] 

23.5- P. recta (Sm.) Mitt.[A&V: LCA/LEA (Baghdad)] 

23.6- P. strakeana (Hedw.) C. Mull. [A&V: DLJ] 



 

11

 

B.A. Al- Ni’ma & A. H. Al - Khay’yat 

24.1- Phascum cuspidatum Hedw. [Lon: FPF] 

24.2- Phascum piliferum [Han: *] 

25.1- Aloina ambigua (B.S.G) Limpr [A&V: DSD, FPF, MRO, FKI, MSU, DLJ, FNI, MAM] 

25.2- A. rigida (Hedw.) Kindb. [Fro: FPF, A&V: LEA, DWD, DLJ, FUJ] 

25.3- A. rigida var. pilifera B.S.G. [A&V: LCA, LEA (Baghdad), DGA, FPF, DWD, DLJ,  
LCA, FKI, FUJ] 

25.4- A. stellata [Han: *] 

26.1- Crossidium chloronotus (Brid.) Limpr.  [Han: *; A&V: LEA] 

26.2- C. griseum Jur.  [S19: MJS; Han: *] 

26.3- C. squamigerum (Viv.) Jur.  [Han: *; A&V: Tip river FPF/LEA/LSM, DWD, FKI] 

26.4- C. squamigerum var. pottioideum (De Not.) Moenkm.  [A&V: DSD, FPF, Diyala weir, 
DWD, MRO, LCA, MJS, FNI, MAM, MSU] 

27.1- Trichostomopsis aaronis (Lor.) S. Agnew & Townsend [A&V: DGA, LEA, FPF, DWD, 
MRO, LCA, DLJ, MAM, FUJ, DWD] 

27.2- T. Haussknechtii (Jur. Et Milde) S. Agnew & Towsend [A&V: LEA (Diyala weir), FKI] 

28.1- Tortula alpina (B.S.G.) Bruch  [S19: FUJ; Han: *] 

28.2- T. atrovirens (Smith) Lindb. 

  [A&V: DSD, LEA, MSU, FNI] 

28.3- T. brevissima (Schiffn.)  [S19: Fuj; Han: *; A&V: A&V: DSD, LCA/LEA (Baghdad), 
LEA, FPF, LCA, DWD, FKI, FUJ, DLJ, Mosul] 

28.4- T. desertorum Broth.= T. Bronmulleri Schiffn.  [S19: FUJ, MJS; Han: *] 

28.5- T. Fioroo (Vent.) Roth.  [S19: FUJ, DLJ, Han: *; Fro: Tib river FPF/LEA/LSM, FPF; 
A&V: Tib river, DGA, LEA, FPF, DWD, DLJ, LCA, FKI, FUJ] 

28.6- T. handelii Schiffn.  [Han: *] 

28.7- T. inermis (Brid.) Mont.  [S19: FUJ, MJS, Kurdistan 250-1100m; Han: *; Fro: MSU] 

28.8- T. marginata (B.S.G.) Spruce  [A&V: MRO, FNI, Msu] 

28.9- T. montana (Nees) Lndbg.  [Han: *; Fro: MAM]      

28.10- T. muralis Hedw.  [Han: *; A&V: MRO, MSU, MAM] 

28.11- T. muralis var. aestiva (P. Beauv) Brid.   [Han: *; A&V: MRO, MAM] The 1st author 
mentioned the synonyme Tortula aestivia 

28.12- T. muralis f. brevifolia (Schiffn.) Podp.   [S19: MJS; A&V: MJS, FNI] The 1st author 
mentioned the synonyme T. aestive var. brevifolia 

28.13- T. princeps De Not. [Frp: MAM] 

28.14- T. ruralis (Hedw.) Gaertn [Han:*] 

28.15- T. subulata Hedw. [Han:*] 



 

 

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Bryoflora  of Iraq 

28.16- T. vahlianas (Schultz) Mont. [Lon: FPF] 

29.1- Syntrichia alpina (B. S. G.) Jur. [V62:MRO; Rementioned by A&V] 

29.2- S. desetorum (Broth.) Amann [A&V: FPF, DWD, MRO, FKI, FUJ, MJS] 

29.3- S. hadacii Vonderacek [V65: DLJ; A&V: DLJ] 

29.4- S.  handelii (Schiffn.) Podp. [A&V: MRO, MAM, MSU] 

29.5- S. inermis (Mont.) Huben [A&V: MRO, MSU, FUJ, MAM] 

29.6- S. laevipila Brid [A&V: MRO, MAM, MSU] 

29.7- S. montana Nees et Esneb [V62: M  

      RO, MJS, MAM, MSU] 

29.8- S. montana var. calva (Dur. Et Sag.) Amann [A&V: MSU] 

29.9- S. papillosissima (Coppey) Loeske [A&V: MRO] 

29.10- S. princeps (De Not.) Mitt. [A&V: MRO, MSU, MAM, FUJ, DWD] 

29.11- S. pseudodesertorum Froehlich [A&V: FPF, DWD, FKI, DLJ, FNI] 

29.12- S. pseudohandelii Froehlich [V65:MSU; A&V: MRO, FKI, FNI, FUJ, DLJ, MSU]. 
The 1st author mentioned the synonym S. handelii var. pseudodesertorum. 

29.13- S. pulvinata (Jur.) Jur. [A&V: MSU] 

29.14- S. ruralis Brid. [A&V: MRO, MAM, MSU] 
 

III.b/iii Subfamily Cinclidoteae 

30.1- Cinclidotus fontinaloides (Hedw.)P. Beauv. [A&V: MRO, MAM, MSU] 

30.2- C. nigricans (Brid.) Loeske [A&V: MAM] 

30.3- C. riparius (brid.) Arnott. [Han:*] 
 

IV. Order Grimmiacea 

IV. a. Family Grimmiaceae 

31.1- Coscindon cribrosus (Hedw.) Spruce [Han:*] 
32.1- Schistidium apocarpum var. atrofuscum (Schimp.) Husnot [S19: MJS; Han:*;V62: 
MRO,; A&V: MRO, MSU, MJS, MAM]. The 1st & 2nd authorsmentioned the synonym 
Grimmia singarensis. 
33.1- Grimmia anodon  B. S. G. [S19: MJS; Han:*; A&V: MRO, MJS, MSU] 

33.2- G. apiculata Hornsch. [A&V: MRO] 

33.3- G. apocarpa Hedw. [Han:*] 

33.4- G. campstris Hook. [Han:*] 

33.5- G. commutata Hub. [Han:*; Fro: MSU; V62: MRO; A&V: MRO, MSU] 

33.6- G. crinita Brid. [Fro: Tib river FPF/LEA/LSM, DSD; A&V: FPF< FKI, MSU, DSD] 



 

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B.A. Al- Ni’ma & A. H. Al - Khay’yat 

33.7- G. gibbosa S. Agnew [Agn: FKI; Rementioned in A&V] (Tuz khurmatil bridge over 
lesser zab river and in Ain Dibbis). Note: Altone Kopri is located on lesser zab not Tuz 
khurmatil as the author mentioned. 

33.8- G. laevigata (Brid.) Brid. [A&V: MRO] 

33.9- G. mesopotamica Schiffn. [S19: DWD; Han:*; A&V: FPF, Diala weir, DWD, LCA, 
FPF] 

33.10- G. orbicularis Bruch [S19 On calcareous rocks. It is the most abundant mosses in 
North mesopotamia and Kurdistan 400-1250 m; Fro: MAM; A&V: FPF, MRO; FKI, MAM, 
FNI, MJS, FUJ, DLJ, MAM, MSU] 

33.11- G. orbicularis var. persica  Schiffn. [S19:DWD, FUJ,MJS; and rementioned in (Han) 
& (A&V)]  

33.12- G. ovalis var. simplex Vondracek 

          [V65: MRO; A&V: MRO] 

33.13- G. pulvinata (Hedw.) Sm. 

          [Han: *; A&V: MRO, MSU, MAM] 

33.14- G. subcaespitica Schiffn. [Han:*;A&V: MRO] 

33.15- G. lergestina Tomm. [Han:*; A&V: MRO, MJS, FNI, MSU          
33.16- G. trichophylla Grev. [Fro: MSU; Rementioned in A&V]  

 

V. Order Funariales 

V. a. Family Funariaceae 

34.1-Physcomitrella patens (Hedw.) B. S. G. [V65: LSM; A&V: LEA (Baghdad)] 

34.2- P. patens var. marginata Vondracek [A&V: LSM] 

35.1- Entosthodon angustifolius Jur. et Milde [A&V: FKI, MJS] 

35.2- E. handelii Schiffn. [S19: mentioned the synonym Funaria handelii on calcareous rock 
in North East mesopotamia and middle Kurdistan  250-1800 m; Han: FUJ; A&V: MRO, FUJ, 
MAM, FNI, DSD] 

35.3- E. templetoni (Smith) Schwaegr. [A&V: MRO, FUJ, MAM] 

36.1- Steppomitra hadacii Vondracek [V65: FUJ; rementioned in (A&V)] 

37.1- Funaria hygrometrica Hedw. [Han: *; A&V: LCA (Baghdad), MRO, MAM, FUJ, 
MSU] 

37.2- F. mediterranea Lindb. [Han: *; A&V: MRO, FNI, FUJ] 

 

V. b Family Splachnaceae 

38.1- Tayloria lingulata var. acutifolia [Han: *] 

 



 

 

14

Bryoflora  of Iraq 

VI. Order Eubryales 

VI. a Family Bryaceae 

39.1- Mniobrium albicans (Wahib.) Limpr. [S19: MJS; Han: *; A&V: LCA (Baghdad), 
MRO, MSU] 

39.2- Mniobrium delicatrulum (Hedw.) Dix [A&V: LCA, MRO, MAM, MSU, FPF, MJS] 

39.3- M. latifolium Schiffn. [Han: *; A&V: MRO] 

40.1- Pohlia cruda (Hedw.) Lindb. [A&V: MRO] 

41.1- Bryum sp. Sterile specimen [Han: *] 

41.2- Bryum sp. [Fro: DSD] 

41.3- B. alpinum Brid. [Fro: MSU; A&V: MRO, MAM, MSU] 

41.4- B. argentum Hedw. [A&V: MRO, MSU] 

41.5- B. argentum var. lanatum (P. Beauv.) B.S.G. [Fro: MSU; A&V: FKI, MSU] 

41.6- B. bicolor Dicks [Lon: FPF] 

41.7- B. badium Bruch ex Ruthe [Han: *; A&V: FAR, MAM, MSU] 

41.8- B. caespiticum Hedw. [Han: *; Fro: MAM; A&V: MAM, MSU] 

41.9- B. capillare Hedw. [Han: *; A&V: MRO, MAM, FUJ, MSU] 

41.10- B. capillare f. flaccidum B.S.G. [A&V: MSU] 

41.11- B. capillare var. torquescens (B.S.G.) Husn. [S18: MRO; Fro: MSU; A&V: MRO, 
MAM, MSU] The 1st & 2nd author mentioned the synonyme Bryum torquescens 

41.12- B. cirratum Hoppe et Hornsch. [A&V: MRO] 

41.13- B. donianum Grev. [A&V: MSU] 

41.14- B. funkii Schwaegr. [Han: *; V62: MRO; A&V: LBA, LCA (Baghdad), DWD, FNI, 
MSU, LEA] 

41.15- B. pallens (Brid.) Rohl. [A&V: MRO] 

41.16- B. pallescens Schleich. [V62: MRO; A&V: MSU, MRO, FPF, DWD, LCA] 

41.17- B. pseudotriquetum (Hedw.) Schwaegr. [V62: MRO; A&V: MRO] 

41.18- B. schleicheri Schwaegr. [A&V: MRO, MSU] 

41.19- B. syriacum Lor. [Han: *; Fro: MRO; rementioned in A&V] 

41.20- B. ventricosum [Han:*] 

 

VI. b. Family Mniaceae 

42.1- Mnium longirostrum Brid. [V62: MRO; A&V: MRO] 

 



 

15

 

B.A. Al- Ni’ma & A. H. Al - Khay’yat 

VI. c. Family Bartamiaceae 

43.1- Anacolina webbii (Mont.) Schimp. [A&V: MRO] 

44.1- Philonotis caespitosa Wils. [A&V: MRO, MAM] 

44.2- P. calcaera (B. S. G.) Schimp. [Han:*; V62:MRO; A&V: MRO, MAM] 

44.3- P. fontana (Hedw.) Brid. [Fro: MRO; A&V: MRO, MSU] 

44.4- P. fontana f. laxifolia Moenk. ap. Loeske [A&V: MRO] 

44.5- P. marchia (Hedw.) Brid. [Han:*] 

44.6- P. seriata (Mitt.) Lindb. [Fro: MAM; rementioned in A&V] 

44.7- P. tomentella Mol. [Han:*; V62: MRO,; A&V: MRO] 

VII. Order Isobryales 

VII. a. Family Fontinalaceae 

45.1- Fontinalis mesopotamica [Han:*] 

 

VII. b. Family Orthotrichaceae 

46.1- Orthotrichum affine Brid. [A&V: MRO, MAM, MSU] 

46.2- O. cupulatum Brid. [Fro: MAM; A&V: MRO, MAM, MSU] 

46.3- O. cupulatum var. papillosum  Gronv. [A&V: MRO, MSU] 

46.4- O. cupulatum var. bistratosum [Han:*] 

46.5- O. lyellii Hook et Tayl. [A&V: MRO, MAM, MSU] 

46.6- O. octoblephare [V62: MRO] 

46.7- O. rupestre Schleich [Han:*; V62: MRO; A&V: MRO] 

46.8- O. schimperi Hammar[A&V: MRO, MAM, MSU] 

46.9- O. soeciosum Nees [A&V: MSU] 

46.10- O. strumii [Han:*] 

 

VII. c. Family Leucodontaceae 

47.1- Antitrichia breidleriana Schiffn.[Han:*; A&V: MRO] 

 

 

VIII. Order Hypnobryales 

VIII. a. Family Fabroniaceae 

48.1- Fabronia pusilla Radi [A&V: MRO, MAM] 



 

 

16

Bryoflora  of Iraq 

VIII. b. Family Hypnaceae 

VIII. b/i. Subfamily Amblystegiaceae 

49.1- Cratoneuron commutatum (Hedw.) Roth. [Han:*; A&V: MRO, MAM] 

49.2- C. commutatum var. falcatum (Brid.) Moenkm.[Fro: MRO; V62: MRO; A&V: MRO, 
MSU] 

49.3- C. commutatum var. sulcatum(Lindb.) Monk. [V62: MRO] 

49.4- C. decipiens (De not.) Loeske [Han:*; V62: MRO; A&V: MRO                    
49.5- C. decipiens var. napaeforme [Han:*] 

49.6- C. filicinum ( Hedw. ) Roth . [Fro : MSU; A&V:MRO, MAM,MSU]  

50.1- Amblystegium juratzkanum Schimp. [A&V: MRO]. Smith (1978) treated this taxon as a 
synonym of A. serpens as it is quite impossible to separate the two taxa. 

50.2- A. kurdicum [Han:*] 

50.3- A. serpens (Hedw.) B. S. G. [A&V: MAM] 

50.4- A. tenax (Hedw.) C. jens=Hygroamblystegium irriguum [Han} this author mentioned 
the synonym Hygroamlystegium irrguum but Smith (1978) following Nyholm (1954-69) 
included Hygroamblystegium in Amblystegium and use the new name A. tenax. 

50.5- A. varium (Hedw.) Lindb. [A&V: MRO, MSU] 

51.1- Amblystegiella jungermannioides (Brid.) Giacomini [A&V: MRO] 

51.2- A. spruci (Bruch) Loeske [V62: MRO] 

52.1- Leptodictyum riparium (Hedw.) Warnst. [A&V: MSU] 

53.1- Drepanocladus aduncus (Hedw.) Moenkm. [A&V: MRO] 

54.1- Acrocladium cuspidatum (Hedw.) Lindb. [A&V: MRO] 

55.1- Calliergon cuspidatum = Calliergonella cuspidata [V62: MRO]. The 1st name is the 
new name, after Smith (1978). 

 

VIII. b/ii Subfamily Brachytheciaceae 

56.1- Homalothecium philippeanum (Spruce) B.S.G. [Han: *; A&V: MRO,MAM] 

56.2- H. seriaceum (Hedw.) B.S.G. [Han: *; A&V: MRO, MSU] 

57.1- Scorpiurum circinnatum (Brid.) Fleisch [Han: *] 

58.1- Camptothecium lutescns (Hedw.) B.S.G. [Fro: MAM, MRO; rementioned in A&V] 

59.1- Brachythecium collinnum (Schleich.) B.S.G. [Han: *; A&V: MRO, MAM, MSU] 

59.2- B. olympicum [Han: *] 

59.3- B. rivulare (Bruch) B.S.G. [V62: MRO; A&V: MRO, MAM, MSU] 

59.4- B. rutabulum (Hedw.) Br. Eur. [Han: *] 



 

17

 

B.A. Al- Ni’ma & A. H. Al - Khay’yat 

59.5- B. salebrosum Web. Et Mohr B.S.G. [A&V: MRO. MAM] 

59.6- B. trachypodium [Han: *] 

59.7- B. velutinum (Hedw.) B.S.G. [V62: MRO; A&V: MRO, MAM, MSU] 

60.1- Euryhynchium confertum (Dicks.) Milde [A&V: MRO] 

60.2- E. riparioides (Hedw.) P.W. Richards [A&V: MRO, MAM, MSU] 

60.3- E. speciosum (Brid.) Milde [A&V: MAM] 

61.1- Rhynchostgiella curviseta (Brid.) Limpr. [A&V: MAM] 

 

 B-CLASS HEAPATICE 
I. Order Sphaerocarpales 

I.a. Family Sphaerocarpaceae 

1.1- Sphaerocarpous michelil Bellardi [Aln: Mosul city FUJ/FNI] 

 

 II. Order Marchantiales 
 II. a. Family Targiolaceae 

2.1- Targionia hypophylla L. [Fro: MSU, MRO] 

 

II. b. Family Reboulla ceae 

3.1- Reboulia hemisphaerica (L.) Raddi [Fro: MAM] 

 

II. c. Family Marcantiaceae 

4.1- Conocephalum conicum (L.) Underw. [V62: MRO] 

5.1- Lunularia cruciata (L.) Dum. [Han: *; A&V: Mosul city FUJ/FNI] 

6.1- Marcantia polymorpha var. alpestris [Han: *] 

 

II. d. Family Ricclaceae 

7.1- Riccia crystallina L. [Aln: Mosul city FUJ/FNI] 

7.2- R. frostii [S19: FNI, FUJ; Han: *] 

7.3- R. frostii var. major [S19: DWD] 

7.4- R. sorcarpa Bisch [S19: DWD] 

 

 

 



 

 

18

Bryoflora  of Iraq 

III. Order Metzgeriales 

III. a. Family Pellaceae 

8.1- Pellia endiviifolia Dicks. [Han: *; Fro: MSU; Aln: Mosul city FUJ/FNI] 1st & 2nd author 
mentioned the synonme P. fabbroniana 

IV. Order Jungermanniales 

IV. a. Family Southbyaceae 

9.1- Southbya nigrella (De Not.) Henriques [Lon: Jebel Hamrin FKI/FPF] 

 

LITERATURE CITED 
Agnew, S. 1973 A new Middile Eastern Grimmia  J. Bryol., 7:339-342. 
 
Agnew, S., & Townsend, C.C. 1970 Trichostomopsis Card., A moss genus new to Asia Israel 

J. Bot., 19: 254-259. 
 
 Agnew, S., & Voudracek, M. 1975 Moss Flora if Iraq.  Feddes Repertorium, 86: 341-489. 
 
Al-Ni’ma, B.A. B. 1994 New records of Liverworts from Mosul-Iraq.  J. of Educ. & Sci., 

20:36-44. 
 
Froechlich, J. 1959 Bryophten aus Vorderosien” Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, 63:31-32. 
 
Guest, E.  1966 Flora of Iraq. Ministry of Agric., Republ. of Iraq (Baghdad). vol. (1):213. 
Handel-Mazzetti, H. 1914 Die vegetation sverhaltnisse Von Mesopotamien und Kurdistan. 

Ann. Naturh. Mus. Wien, 28: 48-111. 
 
Juratzka, J. & Milde, J. 1870 Beitrag zur Moosflora des Orientes. Verh. Zool.-bot. Gesellsch. 

Wien, 20:589-602 (1870). 
 
Long, D.G. 1979 Some Additions to the Bryophyte Flora of Iraq. Rev. Bryol. Lichen., 45:103-

105. 
 
Schiffner, V. 1897 Musci Bronmuelleriani. Osterr. Bot. Z., 47:125-132.  
 
Schiffner, V. 1913 Bryophyta aus Mesopotamiem und Kurdistan, Sowie, Rhodos, Mytilini 

und Prinkipo. Ann. Naturhist., Mus., Wien, 27:1-34. 
 
Smith, A.J.E. 1978 The Moss Flora of Britain and Ireland.  Cambridge University Press: 706. 
 
Vondracek, M. 1962 New Bryophyte for the Iraqi Flora. Bull. Iraq. Nat. Hist. Inst., 2:9-10. 
 
 Vondracek, M. 1965 Some New Mosses from Iraq. Collected by E. Hadac. Bull. Soc. Amis. 

Sci. Lettres Poznan, Ser. D., 6:117-122. 
 
Watson, E.V. 1968 British Mosses and liverworts . 2nd  Ed. Cambridge University Press : 495.