Bull 293 Mhaisen et al. Bull. Iraq nat. Hist. Mus. June, (2019) 15 (3): 293-318 CHECKLISTS OF PARASITES OF FISHES OF AL-DIWANIYAH PROVINCE, IRAQ Furhan T. Mhaisen* Hadi M. H. Al-Mayali** and Hiba R. J. Al-Abodi*** *Tegnervägen 6B, 641 36 Katrineholm, Sweden **Department of Biology, College of Education, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Diwaniyah, Iraq ***Department of Environment, College of Science, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Diwaniyah, Iraq *Corresponding author e-mail: mhaisenft@yahoo.co.uk Received Date: 30 December 2018, Accepted Date: 24 February 2019, Published Date: 27 June 2019 ABSTRACT Literature reviews of reports concerning the parasitic fauna of fishes of Al-Diwaniyah province, Iraq till the end of December 2018 showed that a total of 43 parasite species are so far known from 13 valid fish species investigated for parasitic infections. The parasitic fauna included one euglenozoan, two myzozoans, six ciliophorans, three myxozoans, three trematodes, nine monogeneans, four cestodes, six nematodes, three acanthocephalans and six crustaceans. The infection with the trematodes, one monogenean, two cestodes and one nematode occurred with larval stages, while the remaining infections were either with trophozoites or adult parasites. Among the inspected fishes, Carasobarbus luteus was infected with the highest number of parasite species (20 parasite species), followed by Planiliza abu (17 species) and Cyprinus carpio (16 species) while two fish species (Ctenopharyngodon idella and Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) were infected with the minimum number of parasite species (three parasite species each). The ciliophoran Trichodina domerguei and the crustacean Lernaea cyprinacea were the commonest parasite species as they were reported from nine fish species each, followed by the monogenean Dactylogyrus extensus and the nematode Contracaecum sp. which were reported from eight and six host species, respectively, while the minimum number of one host species was reported for 22 parasite species. Keywords: Al-Diwaniyah, Checklists, Fishes, Iraq, Parasites. INTRODUCTION Al-Diwaniyah province is one of the Iraqi provinces in the centre-south of the country. It shares boundaries with the provinces of Babylon, Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf, Al-Muthanna, Thi-Qar and Wassit (Map 1). It is located between 31.17° and 32.24° North latitude and 44.24° and 45.49° East longitude. This province was used to be known as Al-Qadisiyyah province, but in 2004, its name was returned to its original name, Al-Diwaniyah province. The following information is available on rivers of this province according to Solon (2018). The main inland waters of this province can be summarized in the following statement: Shatt Al-Hilla enters Al-Diwaniyah province as Al-Dagharah River and Al-Diwaniyah River. Al-Dagharah River https://doi.org/10.26842/binhm.7.2019.15.3.0293 294 Checklists of parasites of fishes passes through Al-Dagharah, Sumer, Afak (also spelled as Afaq) and Al-Badair and then proceeds toward Thi-Qar province, while Al-Diwaniyah River enters Al-Saniyah, Al- Diwaniyah, Al-Sadair and Al-Hamzah and then it fades away into small branches in Al- Muthanna province. Al-Shamiyah River enters Al-Diwaniyah province, passes through Al- Muhanawiyah, Al-Salahiyah, Al-Shamiyah and Ghammas and fades away into Al-Shanafiyah River which forms from the union of both Al-Shamiyah River and Al-Kufa River. It enters Al-Muthanna province and fades away there. Each of such rivers is also known as shatt. The parasites of fishes of this province received little attention from fish parasitologists in Iraq. Herzog (1969) was the first one to report some parasites of fishes of Iraq. He revealed the occurrence of 16 parasite species as well as three fungal species from 16 fish host species from many regions of Iraq, but the exact locality was not stated for some host species and no data seemed to be from Al-Diwaniyah province. Apart from two comprehensive surveys (Al- Jadoaa, 2002; Al-Waaly, 2005), all the available reports were concerned with few parasite species from a single fish species or sometimes two fish species and rarely three fish species. The aim of the present article is to gather and review all literature in order to provide parasite-host list and host-parasite list for fishes of Al-Diwaniyah province. It is well known that such lists are so important for future studies. Recently, some of such lists dealing with different groups of parasites and fishes of different regions in Iraq were published; among them were those of Mhaisen and Abdullah (2016), Mhaisen and Al-Rubaie (2016a, b), Mhaisen and Abdullah (2017), Mhaisen et al. (2017a, b), Mhaisen and Al-Rubaie (2018) and Mhaisen et al. (2018a, b). This article also includes updating scientific names of all concerned parasites and their fish hosts. 295 Mhaisen et al. Map (1): Map of Iraq (above) showing Al-Diwaniyah province in a light blue colour and a detailed map of Al-Diwaniyah province (below) showing its cities and towns as well as the main rivers: 1- Al-Dagharah, 2- Al-Diwaniyah, 3- Al-Shamiyah and 4- Al-Shanafiyah. This map was prepared by the second author of this article. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fourteen references (nine research papers, one Higher Diploma project, two unpublished M. Sc. theses and two Ph. D. theses) dealing with the parasites of fishes of Al-Diwaniyah province till the end of December 2018 were used to prepare the present checklists. Data from such references were gathered to provide parasite-fish list and fish-parasite list based on some electronic sites concerned with classification (EOL, 2018; GBIF, 2018; Global Cestode Database, 2018; ITIS, 2018; WoRMS, 2018) as well as some relevant taxonomic references (Gibson et al., 1996; Amin, 2013). The layout and names of the major taxonomic groups of the concerned parasites (phyla, classes, orders and families) followed a checklist of FAO Fisheries Technical Papers (Kirjušina and Vismanis, 2007). For fishes, the scientific names were reported as they appeared in their original references but then they were checked with an account on freshwater fishes of Iraq (Coad, 2010). Fish valid names and their authorities were corrected according to well-known specialized electronic sites (Eschmeyer, 2018; Froese and Pauly, 2018). GBIF (2018) was mainly followed for the systematics of these groups. The index-catalogue of parasites and disease agents of fishes of Iraq (Mhaisen, 2018) was used to show the first record of each parasite species from fishes of Iraq as well as the number of host fish species so far recorded for each parasite species in the whole water bodies of Iraq. 296 Checklists of parasites of fishes Parasitological investigations on fishes of Al-Diwaniyah province The following is a short historical account on different researches carried out on fishes of Al-Diwaniyah province for the investigation of their parasites. Only a brief account on such surveys will be given here as the details will be given in the forthcoming parts of this review. Al-Jadoaa (2002) made a comprehensive investigation on the parasites of nine fish species from the northern sector of Al-Diwaniyah River which is situated between Al-Saniyah (misspelled as Al-Siniya) town center and Al-Diwaniyah city center, in addition to his investigation on the parasitic fauna of three carp species from Al-Furat fish farm in Babylon province, which will be excluded from the contents of the present article. From the river, he detected one euglenozoan, five ciliophorans, three myxozoans, two trematodes, five monogeneans, one cestode, three nematodes, two acanthocephalans and three crustaceans. Al-Waaly (2005) investigated the parasites of the cyprinid fish Carasobarbus luteus (reported as Barbus luteus) from Al-Dagharah River and the nearby drainage network and detected two ciliophorans, one myxozoan, five monogeneans, one cestode, three nematodes, one acanthocephalan and three crustaceans. Al-Jadoa and Al-Wualy (2007) published an extracted article from Al-Waaly (2005) in which they compared the infection of Carasobarbus luteus (reported as Barbus luteus) from both Al-Dagharah River and the nearby drainage network with five monogeneans and the occurrence of one cestode species. It is relevant to state here that both names reported here (Al-Jadoa and Al-Wualy) were misspelled for Al-Jadoaa and Al-Waaly which were given before in this list of investigations. Al-Jadoaa (2008) examined 124 specimens of the mugilid fish Planiliza abu (reported as Liza abu) from local drainage network, north of Al-Diwaniyah province and detected three ciliophorans, one myxozoan, one monogenean, two nematodes, one acanthocephalan and one crustacean. Enad (2009) detected the infection of the common carp Cyprinus carpio from Shatt Al- Diwaniyah at Al-Diwaniyah city center (from the Plastic factory to the slaughterhouse) with three species of the monogenean Dactylogyrus. Yassin (2010) examined 64 specimens of C. carpio and 80 specimens of P. abu (reported as L. abu) from Al-Shinafiyah River and recorded two nematodes, one acanthocephalan and two crustaceans from these fishes. Abd and Abdul Wahab (2011) examined three species of carps: the common carp C. carpio, the grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella and the silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix from some fish farms and from fish markets (from Al-Shamiyah River) and detected the occurrence of Diplostomum sp., unidentified cestode, Argulus sp. and Lernaea sp. in addition to some bacterial diseases. All these parasites were not identified to the specific level and one was even just reported as a cestode. Karawan et al. (2012) while inspecting 809 specimens of P. abu (reported as L. abu) from different rivers in Al-Diwaniyah city for parasites, detected one species each of myzozoan, nematode and acanthocephalan. Al-Mahi (2014) conducted a detailed study on the bio-accumulation of eight heavy metals in tissues of one cestode, one nematode and two acanthocephalans which were detected from 297 Mhaisen et al. the intestine of the cyprinid fish Arabibarbus grypus (reported as Barbus grypus) and P. abu (reported as L. abu) from four rivers in Al-Diwaniyah province. It is appropriate to mention here that Al-Mahi (2014) is the same researcher Yassin (2010). Al-Mahi and Al-Mayali (2015) published an extracted article from Al-Mahi (2014) concerned with the measurements of eight heavy metals in one cestode and one nematode species from both A. grypus (reported as B. grypus) and P. abu (reported as L. abu) from four locations in Al-Diwaniyah province. No mention was given to the specific name of these parasites in the whole article but they will be considered here as Schyzocotyle acheilognathi and Contracaecum sp., respectively. Al-Mahi and Al-Mayali (2016) published another extracted article from Al-Mahi (2014) concerned with record of three worms (cestode, nematode and acanthocephalan) from A. grypus (reported as B. grypus) as well as one nematode and one acanthocephalan from P. abu (reported as L. abu) in addition to the demonstration of some of the histopathological changes caused by such parasites without determination of such changes for each parasite species. Mohammad (2016) investigated the parasites of the redbelly tilapia Coptodon zillii (reported as Tilapia zillii) from Al-Dalmaj marsh of Al-Diwaniyah province as well as from the Central marshes in Thi-Qar province. His results showed that there is no infection in fishes of Al-Dalmaj marsh, while he recorded two parasite species from C. zillii of Thi-Qar province. Shakir (2018) inspected the parasites of both Coptodon zillii and P. abu from two stations in Al-Diwaniyah province (Al-Saniyah town and Al-Diwaniyah city center) as well as two stations in Al-Muthanna province. He detected the infection of both fish species from both provinces with two ciliophorans and two myzozoans. Shakir and Al-Asadiy (2018) published an extracted article from Shakir (2018) concerned with the record of two ciliophorans and two myzozoans from both C. zillii and P. abu from waters of both Al-Diwaniyah and Al-Muthanna provinces. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Surveying literature concerning the parasites which were recorded from fishes of Al- Diwaniyah province till the end of 2018 showed the infection of 13 valid fish species with 43 parasite species. The full authority of each valid fish host species is shown in Table (1). The parasitic fauna included one euglenozoan, two myzozoans, six ciliophorans, three myxozoans, three trematodes, nine monogeneans, four cestodes, six nematodes, three acanthocephalans and six crustaceans. Table (1): List of fishes of Al-Diwaniyah province. ___________________________________________________________________________ Class Actinopterygii Order Cypriniformes Family Cyprinidae Arabibarbus grypus (Heckel, 1843) Carasobarbus luteus (Heckel, 1843) Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes, 1844) Cyprinion macrostomum Heckel, 1843 Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758 298 Checklists of parasites of fishes Garra rufa (Heckel, 1843) Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes, 1844) Leuciscus vorax (Heckel, 1843) Luciobarbus xanthopterus Heckel, 1843 Mesopotamichthys sharpeyi (Günther, 1874) Order Siluriformes Family Bagridae Mystus pelusius (Solander, 1794) Order Perciformes Family Cichlidae Coptodon zillii (Gervais, 1848) Order Mugiliformes Family Mugilidae Planiliza abu (Heckel, 1843) Parasite-host list Species of the parasitic fauna of fishes of the Al-Diwaniyah province are grouped here into ten major groups (phyla for some species or classes for others) according to Kirjušina and Vismanis (2007). For each major group, a list of species will be given according to their systematic account. This will be followed by an alphabetical listing of each parasite species in each major group.The parasites listing will include alphabetically arranged fish hosts involved for each parasite. Finally, for each parasite species, its first record in Iraq will be indicated and the total number of its hosts, so far recorded from fishes of Iraq will be declared depending on the index-catalogue of Mhaisen (2018). Major groups of parasites and their hosts As names of some major groups of parasites had been changed during the last few years, attention was paid to use the most recent names for the major parasite groups which infect fishes (EOL, 2018; GBIF, 2018; ITIS, 2018; WoRMS, 2018). Ten major parasite groups are reported in this study. These included the groups of Euglenozoa, Myzozoa, Ciliophora, Myxozoa, Trematoda, Monogenea, Cestoda, Nematoda, Acanthocephala and Crustacea. Phylum Euglenozoa The phylum Euglenozoa is recognized with this name by EOL (2018), GBIF (2018) and WoRMS (2018), but as Sarcomastigophora by ITIS (2018). It is represented in fishes of Al- Diwaniyah province with one unidentified species of the genus Trypanosoma as indicated in the following systematic scheme according to GBIF (2018). Phylum Euglenozoa Class Kinetoplastea Order Trypanostomatida Family Trypanosomatidae Trypanosoma sp. Trypanosoma sp. was reported from the blood of C. luteus (reported as B. luteus) by Al- Jadoaa (2002). So far, unidentified Trypanosoma species were recorded from 13 fish host species in Iraq in addition to nine identified species of this genus from fishes of Iraq (Mhaisen, 2018). 299 Mhaisen et al. Phylum Myzozoa The phylum Myzozoa (according to GBIF, 2018; WoRMS, 2018) is also known as Apicomplexa (EOL, 2018; ITIS, 2018). It is represented in fishes of Al-Diwaniyah province with one unidentified species each of the genera Cryptosporidium and Eimeria as indicated in the following systematic scheme according to GBIF (2018). Phylum Myzozoa Class Conoidasida Order Eucoccidiorida Family Cryptosporidiidae Cryptosporidium sp. Family Eimeriidae Eimeria sp. Cryptosporidium sp. oocysts were reported from the intestine of C. zillii by Shakir (2018) and Shakir and Al-Asadiy (2018), the intestine of P. abu (reported as L. abu) by Karawan et al. (2012) and intestine of the same fish (P. abu) by Shakir (2018) and Shakir and Al-Asadiy (2018). In Iraq, two identified Cryptosporidium species in addition to some unidentified Cryptosporidium species were so far recorded from three fish species (Mhaisen, 2018). Eimeria sp. was reported from the intestine of C. zillii by Shakir (2018) and Shakir and Al- Asadiy (2018) and the intestine of P. abu by Shakir (2018) and Shakir and Al-Asadiy (2018). In Iraq, ten identified Eimeria species in addition to some unidentified Eimeria species were so far recorded from eight fish species (Mhaisen, 2018). Phylum Ciliophora The phylum Ciliophora is represented in fishes of Al-Diwaniyah province with one species each of the genera Apiosoma, Chilodonella and Ichthyophthirius and three species of the genus Trichodina as indicated in the following systematic scheme according to GBIF (2018). WoRMS (2018) showed some alternative names for some ranks of some of these ciliophorans. Such alternatives are indicated in brackets in the following systematic scheme. Phylum Ciliophora Class Oligohymenophorea Order Peritrichida (Mobilida) Family Trichodinidae Trichodina borealis Shul'man and Shul'man-Albova, 1953 Trichodina domerguei Wallengren, 1897 Trichodina nigra Lom, 1961 Family Epistylididae Apiosoma piscicola (Blanchard, 1885) Order Hymenostomatida Family Ichthyophthiriidae Ichthyophthirius multifiliis Fouquet, 1876 Class Cyrtophorea (Phyllopharyngea) Order Cyrtophorida (Chlamydodontida) Family Chilodonellidae Chilodonella cyprini (Moroff, 1902) Strand, 1928 Apiosoma piscicola (Blanchard, 1885) was detected from skin and gills of C. luteus by Al- Jadoaa (2002). This parasite was reported for the first time in Iraq from skin, buccal cavity 300 Checklists of parasites of fishes and gills of C. idella, C. carpio and H. molitrix from Al-Suwairah and Al-Latifiah fish ponds (Ali et al., 1988). It is appropriate to indicate here that WoRMS (2018) considered the genus Apiosoma within the order Sessilida instead of the order Peritrichida as with GBIF (2018). However, it belongs to the same family and class mentioned in both GBIF (2018) and WoRMS (2018). Eleven fish host species are so far known for A. piscicola in Iraq (Mhaisen, 2018). Chilodonella cyprini (Moroff, 1902) Strand, 1928 was reported from gills of C. macrostomum by Al-Jadoaa (2002) and skin and gills of C. carpio by Al-Jadoaa (2002). This parasite was reported for the first time in Iraq from skin, buccal cavity and gills of M. pelusius from Tigris River at Baghdad (Ali et al., 1987a). So far, 12 fish host species are known for C. cyprini in Iraq (Mhaisen, 2018). Ichthyophthirius multifiliis Fouquet, 1876 was reported from gills and skin of C. luteus (reported as B. luteus) by Al-Jadoaa (2002) and Al-Waaly (2005), gills of G. rufa by Al- Jadoaa (2002), gills of L. vorax (reported as A. vorax) by Al-Jadoaa (2002), gills of M. sharpeyi (reported as B. sharpeyi) by Al-Jadoaa (2002) and from fins, gills and skin of P. abu (reported as L. abu) by Al-Jadoaa (2002, 2008). I. multifiliis was recorded for the first time in Iraq from skin and gills of Planiliza subviridis (reported as Mugil dussumieri) from Tigris River at Baghdad by Herzog (1969). Thirty-five fish host species are so far known as hosts for I. multifiliis in addition to some unidentified species of Ichthyophthirius from four fish host species from fishes of Iraq (Mhaisen, 2018). Trichodina borealis (Dogiel, 1940) Shul'man and Shul'man-Albova, 1953 was reported from gills of C. zillii and from gills of P. abu by Shakir (2018) and Shakir and Al-Asadiy (2018). The first record of this parasite in Iraq was from gills of Gambusia holbrooki (reported as Gambusia affinis) from Hilla River by Hussain (2008) who gave neither description nor illustration of this parasite. Three host species are so far known for this parasite in Iraq (Mhaisen, 2018). Trichodina domerguei Wallengren, 1897 was reported from gills and skin of C. luteus (reported as B. luteus) by Al-Jadoaa (2002) and Al-Waaly (2005), gills of C. zillii by Shakir (2018) and Shakir and Al-Asadiy (2018), fins, gills and skin of C. carpio, gills and skin of each of C. macrostomum, G. rufa, L. vorax (reported as A. vorax), M. sharpeyi (reported as B. sharpeyi) and M. pelusius by Al-Jadoaa (2002), gills of P. abu (reported as L. abu) by Al- Jadoaa (2008) and gills of the same fish (P. abu) by Shakir (2018) and Shakir and Al-Asadiy (2018). It is appropriate to mention here that WoRMS (2018) puts the authority of this parasite inside brackets in contrary to GBIF (2018). The first record of T. domerguei in Iraq was from skin and gills of eight freshwater fish species from Tigris River, Al-Tharthar lake and fish markets in Baghdad city (Shamsuddin et al., 1971). So far, 39 fish host species are known for T. domerguei in Iraq which makes it the most distributed ciliophoran species among fishes of Iraq (Mhaisen, 2018). Trichodina nigra Lom, 1961 was reported from gills and skin of both C. carpio and M. pelusius by Al-Jadoaa (2002) and gills and skin of P. abu (reported as L. abu) by Al-Jadoaa (2002, 2008). This parasite was reported for the first record in Iraq from skin and gills of both C. carpio and H. molitrix from Al-Furat fish farm (Al-Zubaidy, 1998). Nine fish host species are so far known for T. nigra in Iraq (Mhaisen, 2018). 301 Mhaisen et al. Phylum Myxozoa The phylum Myxozoa, according to GBIF (2018), is considered within the phylum Cnidaria according to EOL (2018), ITIS (2018) and WoRMS (2018). Myxozoans of fishes of Al-Diwaniyah province included two species of Myxobolus as well some unidentified species of the genus Myxidium as indicated in the following systematic scheme according to GBIF (2018). Phylum Myxozoa Class Myxosporea Order Bivalvulida Family Myxidiidae Myxidium sp. Family Myxobolidae Myxobolus ellipsoides Thélohan, 1892 Myxobolus pfeifferi Thélohan, 1895 Myxidium sp. was reported from gills, liver and ovaries of C. macrostomum by Al-Jadoaa (2002). This was the first record of unidentified Myxidium species from fishes of Iraq. Five identified species of this genus are so far known from fishes of Iraq (Mhaisen, 2018). Myxobolus ellipsoides Thélohan, 1892 was reported from gills, intestine, spleen and kidneys of C. macrostomum by Al-Jadoaa (2002). This was the first record of this parasite in Iraq. So far, three fish host species are known for M. ellipsoides in fishes of Iraq (Mhaisen, 2018). Myxobolus pfeifferi Thélohan, 1895 was reported from gills of C. luteus (reported as B. luteus) by Al-Waaly (2005), gills, intestine, liver and kidneys of L. xanthopterus (reported as B. xanthopterus), gills, liver, kidneys and ovaries of M. sharpeyi (reported as B. sharpeyi) by Al-Jadoaa (2002) and gills and liver of P. abu (reported as L. abu) by Al-Jadoaa (2008). M. pfeifferi was reported for the first time in Iraq from gills of Acanthobrama marmid from Tigris River at Mosul city (Fattohy, 1975). So far, M. pfeifferi has 35 fish host species in Iraq which makes it as the most distributed species within the genus Myxobolus in fishes of Iraq (Mhaisen, 2018). Phylum Platyhelminthes- Class Trematoda The class Trematoda of fishes of Al-Diwaniyah province includes one species each of the genera Clinostomum and Diplostomum as well as some unidentified species of Diplostomum. These trematodes are as indicated in the following systematic scheme according to GBIF (2018). Phylum Platyhelminthes Class Trematoda Order Diplostomida Family Clinostomidae Clinostomum complanatum (Rudolphi, 1819) Braun, 1899 Family Diplostomidae Diplostomum spathaceum (Rudolphi, 1819) Olsson, 1876 Diplostomum sp. Clinostomum complanatum (Rudolphi, 1819) Braun, 1899 was recorded as metacercaria from the gills of C. carpio by Al-Jadoaa (2002). This parasite was reported for the first time 302 Checklists of parasites of fishes in Iraq from gills of C. luteus from Mehaijeran creek, Basrah (Khamees, 1983). So far, C. complanatum has 27 fish host species in Iraq (Mhaisen, 2018). Diplostomum spathaceum (Rudolphi, 1819) Olsson, 1876 was recorded as metacercaria from eyes of C. carpio by Al-Jadoaa (2002). This parasite was recorded for the first time in Iraq from the eyes of C. luteus (reported as B. luteus), C. macrostomum and C. carpio from Dokan lake (Abdullah, 1990). So far, 35 fish host species are known for D. spathaceum in Iraq (Mhaisen, 2018). Diplostomum sp. metacercariae were detected from eyes of C. idella, C. carpio and H. molitrix by Abd and Abdul Wahab (2011). Mhaisen (2004) gave a detailed account on species of Diplostomum causing worm cataract in freshwater fishes of Iraq. So far, nine identified Diplostomum species as well as some unidentified species of Diplostomum from 27 fish host species are known in Iraq (Mhaisen, 2018). Phylum Platyhelminthes- Class Monogenea The class Monogenea of fishes of Al-Diwaniyah province included one species each of genera Gyrodactylus and Paradiplozoon, five species of Dactylogyrus as well as some unidentified species of the genera Dactylogyrus and Diplozoon. Names of Dactylogyrus species were according to Gibson et al. (1996). Lim et al. (2001) discussed the awareness of translating names of some Russian and Chinese authors, and hence this reference was followed for checking names of some Russian authorities of some of the following monogeneans. List of monogeneans of fishes of Al-Diwaniyah province is indicated in the following systematic scheme according to GBIF (2018). Phylum Platyhelminthes Class Monogenea Order Dactylogyridea Family Dactylogyridae Dactylogyrus achmerowi Gusev, 1955 Dactylogyrus extensus Mueller and Van Cleave, 1932 Dactylogyrus gobii Gvosdev, 1950 Dactylogyrus minutus Kulwiec, 1927 Dactylogyrus vastator Nybelin, 1924 Dactylogyrus sp. Order Gyrodactylidea Family Gyrodactylidae Gyrodactylus elegans von Nordmann, 1832 Order Mazocraeidea Family Diplozoidae Diplozoon sp. Paradiplozoon kasimii (Rahemo, 1980) Khotenovsky, 1982 Dactylogyrus achmerowi Gusev, 1955 was recorded from gills of C. luteus (reported as B. luteus) by Al-Jadoaa (2002), Al-Waaly (2005) and Al-Jadoa and Al-Wualy (2007) and gills of C. carpio by Al-Jadoaa (2002). The first report of this parasite in Iraq was from gills of C. carpio from Al-Wahda fish hatchery at Al-Suwaira and Babylon fish farm (Mhaisen et al., 1988). Now, D. achmerowi has 13 host species in Iraq (Mhaisen, 2018). Dactylogyrus extensus Mueller and Van Cleave, 1932 was detected from gills of C. luteus by Al-Jadoaa (2002), Al-Waaly (2005) and Al-Jadoa and Al-Wualy (2007), gills of C. carpio by 303 Mhaisen et al. Al-Jadoaa (2002), gills and skin of the same fish by Enad (2009), gills of G. rufa, L. vorax (reported as A. vorax), L. xanthopterus (reported as B. xanthopterus), M. sharpeyi (reported as B. sharpeyi) and M. pelusius by Al-Jadoaa (2002) as well as gills of P. abu (reported as L. abu ) by Al-Jadoaa (2002, 2008). The first record of D. extensus in Iraq was from the buccal cavity and gills of C. carpio from Al-Suwaira and Al-Latifiya fish farms (Salih et al., 1988). D. solidus which was also recorded from the same host by Salih et al. (1988) as well as by Mhaisen and Abul-Eis (1991) and Al-Rubaie et al. (2007) from other parts of Iraq is considered as a synonym of D. extensus according to Gibson et al. (1996). D. extensus and its synonym D. solidus have so far 20 fish host species in Iraq (Mhaisen, 2018). Dactylogyrus gobii Gvozdev, 1950 was reported from fins, gills and skin of C. carpio by Enad (2009) who misspelled the authority of this parasite as Gvosdev instead of Gvozdev. This monogenean was reported for the first time in Iraq from gills of C. carpio at Al-Shark Al-Awsat fish farm, Babylon province by Hussain (2005). So far, this parasite has three fish hosts in Iraq (Mhaisen, 2018). Dactylogyrus minutus Kulwiec, 1927 was reported from fins, gills and skin of C. carpio by Enad (2009). D. minutus was reported for the first time in Iraq (in a conference abstract) from gills of C. carpio from Tigris River at Al-Zaafaraniya, south of Baghdad as well as from the Euphrates River at Al-Qadisia dam lake (Mhaisen et al., 1997), but the full paper was published later on (Mhaisen et al., 2003). Twelve fish host species are so far known for D. minutus in Iraq (Mhaisen, 2018). Dactylogyrus vastator Nybelin, 1924 was reported from gills of C. luteus (reported as B. luteus) by Al-Jadoaa (2002), Al-Waaly (2005) and Al-Jadoa and Al-Wualy (2007) as well as from gills of both C. macrostomum and M. sharpeyi (reported as B. sharpeyi) by Al-Jadoaa (2002). The first record of this parasite from Iraq was from skin and gills of C. macrostomum from Tigris River at Baghdad (Ali et al., 1987 b). So far, D. vastator was reported from 33 fish host species in Iraq, which makes it as the most common Dactylogyrus species among fishes of Iraq (Mhaisen, 2018). Dactylogyrus sp. was reported from gills of M. sharpeyi (reported as B. sharpeyi) by Al- Jadoaa (2002). So far, unidentified Dactylogyrus species were recorded from 12 fish host species in Iraq in addition to 82 identified species of this genus from fishes of Iraq (Mhaisen, 2018). Diplozoon sp. was reported as diporpa larva from gills of C. luteus (reported as B. luteus) by Al-Waaly (2005) and Al-Jadoa and Al-Wualy (2007). In addition to one identified Diplozoon species in Iraq (D. paradoxum), ten fish host species are so far known for unidentified Diplozoon species (Mhaisen, 2018). Gyrodactylus elegans von Nordmann, 1832 was reported from fins and gills of C. luteus (reported as B. luteus) as well as from gills of C. macrostomum, L. xanthopterus (reported as B. xanthopterus) and M. sharpeyi (reported as B. sharpeyi) by Al-Jadoaa (2002). This monogenean was reported for the first time in Iraq from both C. carpio and P. abu (reported as L. abu) from Al-Zaafaraniya and Al-Latifiya fish farms by Ali and Shaaban (1984). G. elegans has so far 23 fish host species in Iraq (Mhaisen, 2018). Paradiplozoon kasimii (Rahemo, 1980) Khotenovsky, 1982 was reported as Diplozoon kasimii from gills of C. luteus (reported as B. luteus) by Al-Waaly (2005) and Al-Jadoa and Al-Wualy (2007). This parasite was recorded for the first time in Iraq as D. kasimii from gills 304 Checklists of parasites of fishes of C. macrostomum (erroneously reported as C. macrostomus) from Tigris River in Mosul city by Fattohy (1975) and published later on by Rahemo (1980). Khotenovsky (1985) transferred D. kasimii to the genus Paradiplozoon and considered it as a species inquirenda. Now, P. kasimii and its synonym have 13 fish host species in Iraq (Mhaisen, 2018). Phylum Platyhelminthes- Class Cestoda The class Cestoda of fishes of Al-Diwaniyah province included one species each of genera Eubothrium, Ligula and Schyzocotyle in addition to unspecified species of a cestode larva. Names of all cestodes followed Global Cestode Database (2018). These cestodes are indicated in the following systematic scheme according to GBIF (2018). Phylum Platyhelminthes Class Cestoda Order Bothriocephalidea Family Bothriocephalidae Schyzocotyle acheilognathi (Yamaguti, 1934) Brabec, Waeschenbach, Scholz, Littlewood and Kuchta, 2015 Family Triaenophoridae Eubothrium salvelini (Schrank, 1790) Nybelin, 1922 Order Diphyllobothriidea Family Diphyllobothriidae Ligula intestinalis (Linnaeus, 1758) Bloch, 1782 Unidentified larval cestode Eubothrium salvelini (Schrank, 1790) Nybelin, 1922 was reported from the body cavity of C. lutues (reported as B. luteus) by Al-Waaly (2005) who misspelled the generic name as Eubotherium instead of Eubothrium, this was the first record of E. salvelini in Iraq. Al-Jadoa and Al-Wualy (2007) also reported this cestode from the same fish and also misspelled the generic name of this cestode as Eubotherium instead of Eubothrium. So far, only two fish host species are known for this cestode in Iraq (Mhaisen, 2018). Ligula intestinalis (Linnaeus, 1758) Bloch, 1782 was reported as plerocercoid larva from body cavity of M. sharpeyi (reported as B. sharpeyi) by Al-Jadoaa (2002). The first report of this cestode in Iraq was from the body cavity of L. vorax (reported as A. vorax) from Shatt Al- Arab River by Al-Hasani (1985). Fifteen fish host species are so far known for L. intestinalis (Mhaisen, 2018). Schyzocotyle acheilognathi (Yamaguti, 1934) Brabec, Waeschenbach, Scholz, Littlewood and Kuchta, 2015 was reported as Bothriocephalus acheilognathi from the intestine of A. grypus (reported as B. grypus) by Al-Mahi (2014), Al-Mahi and Al-Mayali (2015, 2016) and from the intestine of P. abu (reported as L. abu) by Al-Mahi (2014) and Al-Mahi and Al- Mayali (2015). The first report of this cestode (reported as B. acheilognathi) in Iraq was from the intestine of C. carpio from some fish ponds near Baghdad (Khalifa, 1982). According to Brabec et al. (2015), B. acheilognathi as well as two of its synonyms (B. gowkongensis and B. opsariichthydis) are considered as synonyms of S. acheilognathi. Twenty-one host species in Iraq are so far known for S. acheilognathi and three of its synonyms (B. acheilognathi, B. gowkongensis and B. opsariichthydis), in addition to the occurrence of some unidentified Schyzocotyle species (reported as Bothriocephalus sp.) from five fish host species in Iraq (Mhaisen, 2018). 305 Mhaisen et al. Unidentified cestode larvae were found in body cavity of C. idella from fish markets (caught from Al-Shamiya River) by Abd and Abdul Wahab (2011). The provided photograph showed a similarity with plerocercoid of L. intestinalis. Phylum Nematoda The phylum Nematoda of fishes of Al-Diwaniyah province included one species each of the genera Cucullanus, Kalmanmolnaria and Rhabdochona in addition to some unspecified species of genera Capillaria, Contracaecum and Rhabdochona as in the following systematic scheme. GBIF (2018) was followed for arrangement of the higher taxonomic groups of these nematodes as in the following systematic scheme. WoRMS (2018) showed some alternative names for some ranks of some of these nematodes. Such alternatives are indicated in brackets in the following systematic scheme. Phylum Nematoda Class Adenophorea (Enoplea) Order Trichocephalida (Trichinellida) Family Trichuridae (Capillariidae) Capillaria sp. Class Secernentea (Chromadorea) Order Ascaridida (Rhabditida) Family Anisakidae Contracaecum sp. larva Family Cucullanidae Cucullanus cyprini Yamaguti, 1941 Order Rhabditida Family Skrjabillanidae Kalmanmolnaria intestinalis (Dogiel and Bychowsky, 1934) Sokolov, 2006 Family Rhabdochonidae Rhabdochona (R.) hellichi (Šrámek, 1901) Rhabdochona sp. Capillaria sp. was reported from intestine of P. abu (reported as L. abu) by Karawan et al. (2012). So far, ten fish host species are known to be infected with unidentified Capillaria species in Iraq (Mhaisen, 2018). Contracaecum species larvae were detected from the intestine of A. grypus (reported as B. grypus) by Al-Mahi (2014) and Al-Mahi and Al-Mayali (2015), body cavity of C. luteus (reported as B. luteus) by Al-Jadoaa (2002) and the intestinal wall of the same fish by Al- Waaly (2005), different locations (unspecified) of C. carpio by Yassin (2010), intestine of both L. vorax (reported as A. vorax) and L. xanthopterus (reported as B. xanthopterus) by Al- Jadoaa (2002), liver, spleen and body cavity of P. abu (reported as L. abu) by Al-Jadoaa (2002), intestine of the same fish by Al-Jadoaa (2008), from unspecified locations of the same fish by Yassin (2010) and intestine of the same fish by Al-Mahi (2014) and Al-Mahi and Al- Mayali (2015, 2016). Contracaecum spp. larvae were recorded for the first time in Iraq from ten fish species from different inland waters of Iraq (Herzog, 1969). So far, a total of 40 fish host species are known for Contracaecum spp. larvae in Iraq (Mhaisen, 2018). Cucullanus cyprini Yamaguti, 1941 was reported from the intestine of C. luteus (reported as B. luteus) by Al-Waaly (2005). This nematode was reported for the first time in Iraq from the intestine of both Alburnus caeruleus and L. xanthopterus (reported as B. xanthopterus) from 306 Checklists of parasites of fishes Al-Tharthar lake by Al-Saadi (1986). So far 15 fish host species are known for C. cyprini in Iraq (Mhaisen, 2018). Kalmanmolnaria intestinalis (Dogiel and Bychowsky, 1934) was reported as Philometra intestinalis from the intestine of C. luteus (reported as B. luteus) by Al-Jadoaa (2002) and Al- Waaly (2005) as well as from intestine of both C. carpio and P. abu (reported as L. abu) by Yassin (2010). According to GBIF (2018), P. intestinalis is considered as a synonym of Molnaria intestinalis. Sokolov (2006) considered the genus Molnaria Moravec, 1968 as a homonym to fossile foraminiferan genus and therefore, he replaced the generic name from Molnaria Zalessky, 1926 to Kalmanmolnaria Sokolov, 2006. So far, a total of three fish host species are known for K. intestinalis and its synonym P. intestinalis in fishes of Iraq. In all such host species, this parasite was also reported as P. intestinalis (Mhaisen, 2018). Rhabdochona (R.) hellichi (Šrámek, 1901) was reported from the intestine of C. macrostomum by Al-Jadoaa (2002) who misspelled the specific name as bellichi instead of hellichi. The first record of this nematode (also erroneously spelled as R. belichii) in Iraq was from the intestine and coelom of L. xanthopterus (reported as B. xanthopterus), H. fossilis and M. pelusius (reported as M. halepensis) from Tigris River at Baghdad by Ali et al. (1987c). Eight fish species are so far known for this parasite in Iraq (Mhaisen, 2018). Rhabdochona sp. was reported from the intestine of P. abu (reported as L. abu) by Al- Jadoaa (2008). So far, unidentified Rhabdochona species were recorded from seven fish host species in Iraq in addition to eight identified species of this genus (two species within the subgenus Globochona and six species within the subgenus Rhabdochona) from fishes of Iraq (Mhaisen, 2018). Phylum Acanthocephala The phylum Acanthocephala of fishes of Al-Diwaniyah province included two species of Neoechinorhynchus in addition to one unspecified species of the genus Paulisentis as in the following systematic scheme according to GBIF (2018). Names and authorities of these acanthocephalans were checked in accordance with Amin (2013). Phylum Acanthocephala Class Eoacanthocephala Order Neoechinocephalida Family Neoechinocephalidae Neoechinorhynchus (N.) iraqensis Amin, Al-Sady, Mhaisen and Bassat, 2001 Neoechinorhynchus (N.) rutili (Müller, 1780) Hamann, 1892 Paulisentis sp. Neoechinorhynchus (N.) iraqensis Amin, Al-Sady, Mhaisen and Bassat, 2001 was reported from intestine of A. grypus (reported as B. grypus) by Al-Mahi (2014) and Al-Mahi and Al- Mayali (2016), intestine of C. luteus (reported as B. luteus) by Al-Jadoaa (2002) and Al- Waaly (2005), intestine of C. macrostomum by Al-Jadoaa (2002) and intestine of P. abu (reported as L. abu) by Al-Jadoaa (2002), Karawan et al. (2012), Al-Mahi (2014) and Al- Mahi and Al-Mayali (2016). It is appropriate to mention here that Al-Jadoaa (2008) reported N. agilis from the intestine of P. abu (reported as L. abu), but as demonstrated by Mhaisen (2002), N. agilis was erroneously identified so and in fact it represented N. iraqensis. So far, 24 fish host species are known for this acanthocephalan in Iraq. So, this acanthocephalan is the commonest acanthocephalan in fishes of Iraq (Mhaisen, 2018). 307 Mhaisen et al. Neoechinorhynchus (N.) rutili (Müller, 1780) Hamann, 1892 was reported from the intestine of C. luteus (reported as B. luteus) by Al-Jadoaa (2002), C. carpio by Al-Jadoaa (2002) and Yassin (2010), L. xanthopterus (reported as B. xanthopterus) by Al-Jadoaa (2002) and P. abu (reported as L. abu) by Al-Jadoaa (2002) and Yassin (2010). The first record of this acanthocephalan from Iraq was from the intestine of P. abu (reported as Mugil abu) from Citscher oasis in Fallujah (Herzog, 1969). N. rutili has so far 16 fish host species in Iraq (Mhaisen, 2018). Paulisentis sp. was reported from the intestine of A. grypus (reported as B. grypus) by Al- Mahi (2014) and Al-Mahi and Al-Mayali (2016), in both references, the generic name was misspelled as Paulisentus instead of Paulisentis. The first identified Paulisentis in Iraq (P. fractus) was reported by Al-Jawda et al. (2000). No more records are so far known on unidentified Paulisentis species in Iraq (Mhaisen, 2018). Phylum Arthropoda- subphylum Crustacea The subphylum Crustacea of the phylum Arthropoda is represented in fishes of Al-Diwaniyah province with one species each of the genera Argulus and Lernaea, two species of the genus Ergasilus as well as one unidentified species of Argulus and Ergasilus. GBIF (2018) was followed to arrange the concerned taxonomic groups of the subphylum Crustacea of this phylum down to the scientific names as in the following systematic scheme. Phylum Arthropoda Subphylum Crustacea Class Maxillopoda Order Arguloida Family Argulidae Argulus foliaceus (Linnaeus, 1758) Jurine, 1806 Argulus sp. Class Hexanauplia Order Cyclopoida Family Ergasilidae Ergasilus mosulensis Rahemo, 1982 Ergasilus sieboldi von Nordmann, 1832 Ergasilus sp. Family Lernaeidae Lernaea cyprinacea Linnaeus, 1758 Argulus foliaceus (Linnaeus, 1758) Jurine, 1806 was reported from gills of C. luteus (reported as B. luteus) by Al-Waaly (2005). This crustacean was reported for the first time in Iraq from the skin of both C. luteus (reported as B. luteus) and C. carpio from Al-Habbaniyah lake by Herzog (1969). A. foliaceus is a common fish louse in some farm fishes as well as in some inland waters in Iraq, and it has so far 16 fish host species (Mhaisen, 2018). According to WoRMS (2018), this species belongs to the class Ichthyostraca as well as the same above- named order and family. Argulus sp. was reported from both C. carpio and H. molitrix by Abd and Abdul Wahab (2011). So far, unidentified Argulus species were recorded from three fish host species in Iraq in addition to three identified species of this genus (Mhaisen, 2018). Ergasilus mosulensis Rahemo, 1982 was reported from gills of C. luteus (reported as B. luteus) by Al-Waaly (2005). This crustacean was described as a new species from P. abu 308 Checklists of parasites of fishes (reported as L. abu) from Tigris River at Mosul city (Fattohy, 1975) and published later on by Rahemo (1982). E. mosulensis has so far 24 fish host species in Iraq (Mhaisen, 2018). Ergasilus sieboldi von Nordmann, 1832 was reported from gills of C. carpio, G. rufa and M. pelusius by Al-Jadoaa (2002) as well as from gills of P. abu (reported as L. abu) by Al- Jadoaa (2002, 2008). This crustacean was recorded for the first time in Iraq from gills of L. vorax (reported as A. vorax) from Al-Habbaniyah lake by Herzog (1969); E. sieboldi has so far 25 fish host species in Iraq (Mhaisen, 2018). Ergasilus sp. was reported from gills of C. macrostomum by Al-Jadoaa (2002). So far, unidentified Ergasilus species were recorded from 13 fish host species in Iraq in addition to 11 identified species of this genus from fishes of Iraq (Mhaisen, 2018). Lernaea cyprinacea Linnaeus, 1758 was reported from skin of C. luteus (reported as B. luteus) by Al-Jadoaa (2002) as well as from skin and gills of the same fish by Al-Waaly (2005), skin of each of C. idella by Abd and Abdul Wahab (2011), C. carpio by Al-Jadoaa (2002), Yassin (2010) and Abd and Abdul Wahab (2011), H. molitrix by Abd and Abdul Wahab (2011), L. vorax (reported as A. vorax) by Al-Jadoaa (2002), L. xanthopterus (reported as B. xanthopterus), M. sharpeyi (reported as B. sharpeyi) and M. pelusius by Al-Jadoaa (2002) as well as P. abu (reported as L. abu) by Yassin (2010). This crustacean was reported for the first time in Iraq from seven fish species from Al-Zaafaraniya fish culture station, Baghdad by Al-Hamed and Hermiz (1973). It is the commonest crustacean parasite among fishes of Iraq as it has so far 31 fish host species in different fish farms and hatcheries as well as in various inland waters (Mhaisen, 2018). Table (2): List of parasite species from fishes of Al-Diwaniyah province, Iraq. Parasite major groups Fish host species Phylum Euglenozoa Trypanosoma sp. Carasobarbus luteus. Phylum Myzozoa Cryptosporidium sp. Coptodon zillii, Planiliza abu. Eimeria sp. Coptodon zillii, Planiliza abu. Phylum Ciliophora Apiosoma piscicola Carasobarbus luteus. Chilodonella cyprini Cyprinion macrostomum, Cyprinus carpio. Ichthyophthirius multifiliis Carasobarbus luteus, Garra rufa, Leuciscus vorax, Mesopotamichthys sharpeyi, Planiliza abu. Trichodina borealis Coptodon zillii, Planiliza abu. Trichodina domerguei Carasobarbus luteus, Coptodon zillii, Cyprinion macrostomum, Cyprinus carpio, Garra rufa, Leuciscus vorax, Mesopotamichthys sharpeyi, Mystus pelusius, Planiliza abu Trichodina nigra Cyprinus carpio, Mystus pelusius, Planiliza abu. Phylum Myxozoa Myxidium sp. Cyprinion macrostomum. 309 Mhaisen et al. Myxobolus ellipsoides Cyprinion macrostomum. Myxobolus pfeifferi Carasobarbus luteus, Luciobarbus xanthopterus, Mesopotamichthys sharpeyi, Planiliza abu. Phylum Platyhelminthes- class Trematoda Clinostomum complanatum * Cyprinus carpio. Diplostomum spathaceum * Cyprinus carpio. Diplostomum sp. * Ctenopharyngodon idella, Cyprinus carpio, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix. Phylum Platyhelminthes- class Monogenea Dactylogyrus achmerowi Carasobarbus luteus, Cyprinus carpio. Dactylogyrus extensus Carasobarbus luteus, Cyprinus carpio, Garra rufa, Leuciscus vorax, Luciobarbus xanthopterus, Mesopotamichthys sharpeyi, Mystus pelusius, Planiliza abu. Dactylogyrus gobii Cyprinus carpio. Dactylogyrus minutus Cyprinus carpio. Dactylogyrus vastator Carasobarbus luteus, Cyprinion macrostomum, Mesopotamichthys sharpeyi. Dactylogyrus sp. Mesopotamichthys sharpeyi. Dipolzoon sp. * Carasobarbus luteus. Gyrodactylus elegans Carasobarbus luteus, Cyprinion macrostomum, Luciobarbus xanthopterus, Mesopotamichthys sharpeyi. Paradiplozoon kasimii ** Carasobarbus luteus. Phylum Platyhelminthes- class Cestoda Eubothrium salvelini Carasobarbus luteus. Ligula intestinalis * Mesopotamichthys sharpeyi. Schyzocotyle acheilognathi Arabibarbus grypus, Planiliza abu. Unidentified cestode * Ctenopharyngodon idella. Phylum Nematoda Capillaria sp. Planiliza abu. Contracaecum sp. * Arabibarbus grypus, Carasobarbus luteus, Cyprinus carpio, Leuciscus vorax, Luciobarbus xanthopterus, Planiliza abu. Cucullanus cyprini Carasobarbus luteus. Kalmanmolnaria intestinalis Carasobarbus luteus, Cyprinus carpio, Planiliza abu. Rhabdochona (R.) hellichi Cyprinion macrostomum. Rhabdochona sp. Planiliza abu. Phylum Acanthocephala Neoechinorhynchus (N.) iraqensis Arabibarbus grypus, Carasobarbus luteus, Cyprinion macrostomum, Planiliza abu. Neoechinorhynchus (N.) rutili Carasobarbus luteus, Cyprinus carpio, Luciobarbus xanthopterus, Planiliza abu. Paulisentis sp. Arabibarbus grypus. 310 Checklists of parasites of fishes Phylum Arthropoda- subphylum Crustacea Argulus foliaceus Carasobarbus luteus. Argulus sp. Cyprinus carpio, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix. Ergasilus mosulensis Carasobarbus luteus. Ergasilus sieboldi Cyprinus carpio, Garra rufa, Mystus pelusius, Planiliza abu. Ergasilus sp. Cyprinion macrostomum. Lernaea cyprinacea Carasobarbus luteus, Ctenopharyngodon idella, Cyprinus carpio, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Leuciscus vorax, Luciobarbus xanthopterus, Mesopotamichthys sharpeyi, Mystus pelusius, Planiliza abu. * Larva, ** Species inquirenda. Host-Parasite List Names of all fish host species infected with parasites in Al-Diwaniyah province (13 valid fish names and six synonyms) are alphabetically arranged in the following list. For each valid host species, parasite species are alphabetically arranged according to the sequence of their major groups which were demonstrated above. For fishes, the scientific names were reported as they appeared in their original references but they were then checked with an account on freshwater fishes of Iraq (Coad, 2010). As indicated earlier in the section of Sources and Methods, authorities of fish valid scientific names were checked according to Eschmeyer (2018) and Froese and Pauly (2018). Arabibarbus grypus (also reported as Barbus grypus) Cestoda: Schyzocotyle acheilognathi (reported as Bothriocephalus acheilognathi). Nematoda: Contracaecum sp. Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchus (N.) iraqensis, Paulisentis sp. Aspius vorax: See Leuciscus vorax Barbus grypus: See Arabibarbus grypus Barbus luteus: See Carasobarbus luteus Barbus sharpeyi: See Mesopotamichthys sharpeyi Barbus xanthopterus: See Luciobarbus xanthopterus Carasobarbus luteus (reported as Barbus luteus) Euglenozoa: Trypanosoma sp. Ciliophora: Apiosoma piscicola, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Trichodina domerguei. Myxozoa: Myxobolus pfeifferi. Monogenea: Dactylogyrus achmerowi, D. extensus, D. vastator, Diplozoon sp., Gyrodactylus elegans, Paradiplozoon kasimii (reported as Diplozoon kasimii). Cestoda: Eubothrium salvelini. Nematoda: Contracaecum sp., Cucullanus cyprini, Kalmanmolnaria intestinalis (reported as Philometra intestinalis). Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchus (N.) iraqensis, Neoechinorhynchus (N.) rutili. Crustacea: Argulus foliaceus, Ergasilus mosulensis, Lernaea cyprinacea. Coptodon zillii Myzozoa: Cryptosporidium sp., Eimeria sp. Ciliophora: Trichodina borealis, T. domerguei. Ctenopharyngodon idella Trematoda: Diplostomum sp. 311 Mhaisen et al. Cestoda: Cestode larva. Crustacea: Lernaea cyprinacea. Cyprinion macrostomum Ciliophora: Chilodonella cyprini, Trichodina domerguei. Myxozoa: Myxidium sp., Myxobolus ellipsoides. Monogenea: Dactylogyrus vastator, Gyrodactylus elegans. Nematoda: Rhabdochona (R.) hellichi. Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchus (N.) iraqensis. Crustacea: Ergasilus sp. Cyprinus carpio Ciliophora: Chilodonella cyprini, Trichodina domerguei, T. nigra. Trematoda: Clinostomum complanatum, Diplostomum spathaceum, Diplostomum sp. Monogenea: Dactylogyrus achmerowi, D. extensus, D. gobii, D. minutus. Nematoda: Contracaecum sp., Kalmanmolnaria intestinalis (reported as Philometra intestinalis). Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchus (N.) rutili. Crustacea: Argulus sp., Ergasilus sieboldi, Lernaea cyprinacea. Garra rufa Ciliophora: Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Trichodina domerguei. Monogenea: Dactylogyrus extensus. Crustacea: Ergasilus sieboldi. Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Trematoda: Diplostomum sp. Crustacea: Argulus sp., Lernaea cyprinacea. Leuciscus vorax (reported as Aspius vorax) Ciliophora: Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Trichodina domerguei. Monogenea: Dactylogyrus extensus. Nematoda: Contracaecum sp. Crustacea: Lernaea cyprinacea. Liza abu: See Planiliza abu Luciobarbus xanthopterus (reported as Barbus xanthopterus) Myxozoa: Myxobolus pfeifferi. Monogenea: Dactylogyrus extensus, Gyrodactylus elegans. Nematoda: Contracaecum sp. Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchus (N.) rutili. Crustacea: Lernaea cyprinacea. Mesopotamichthys sharpeyi (reported as Barbus sharpeyi) Ciliophora: Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Trichodina domerguei. Myxozoa: Myxobolus pfeifferi. Monogenea: Dactylogyrus extensus, D. vastator, Dactylogyrus sp., Gyrodactylus elegans. Cestoda: Ligula intestinalis. Crustacea: Lernaea cyprinacea. Mystus pelusius Ciliophora: Trichodina domerguei, T. nigra. Monogenea: Dactylogyrus extensus. Crustacea: Ergasilus sieboldi, Lernaea cyprinacea. Planiliza abu (also reported as Liza abu) Myzozoa: Cryptosporidium sp., Eimeria sp. Ciliophora: Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Trichodina borealis, T. domerguei, T. nigra. Myxozoa: Myxobolus pfeifferi. Monogenea: Dactylogyrus extensus. 312 Checklists of parasites of fishes Cestoda: Schyzocotyle acheilognathi (reported as Bothriocephalus acheilognathi). Nematoda: Capillaria sp., Contracaecum sp., Kalmanmolnaria intestinalis (reported as Philometra intestinalis), Rhabdochona sp. Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchus (N.) iraqensis, Neoechinorhynchus (N.) rutili. Crustacea: Ergasilus sieboldi, Lernaea cyprinacea. Finally, by comparing number of parasitic species so far recorded from fishes of Al- Diwaniyah province, in the present article, with the parasitic fauna of fishes of two neighboring provinces; Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf (Mhaisen and Al-Rubaie, 2016a) and Babylon province, exclusive of fish farms (Mhaisen and Al-Rubaie, 2018), it is clear that the parasitic fauna of Al-Diwaniyah province (43 parasite species from 13 fish species) is much less than that of Babylon province (104 parasite species from 26 fish species), but higher than that of Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf province (20 parasite species from 14 fish species). However, the low number of studied fish host species in Al-Diwaniyah province for parasitic infections in comparison with that of Babylon province (13 versus 26) is low and indicates that much more fish species are needed to be investigated. Also, it seems from the present article that only one investigation (Abd and Abdul-Wahab, 2011) included few notes on four parasite species of three carp species from local fish markets and fish farms in Al-Shamiyah city in spite of the presence of 10 earthen fish farms and 25 farms for floating cages in Al-Diwaniyah province according to Ministry of Agriculture (2018). So far, four parasite species are known from farm fishes of Al-Diwaniyah province in comparison with 92 parasite species from farm fishes of Babylon province (Mhaisen and Al-Rubaie, 2016b). Hence, more parasite species are expected to be detected both from farm fishes and fishes in natural water bodies when more efforts will be paid. 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June, (2019) 15 (3): 293-318 قوائم مرجعیة لطفيليات ألاسماك في محافظة الديوانية، العراق فرحان ضمد محیسن * ، هادي مدلول حمزة امليالي ** رياض جميل العبودي ةهب و *** * كاتريناهولم، السويد ،6B ،641 36بناية ** قسم علوم الحياة، كلية التربية، جامعة القادسية، الديوانية، العراق *** قسم البيئة، كلية العلوم، جامعة القادسية، الديوانية، العراق 12/30/1322: تأريخ النشر، 1322/ 31/ 12: ، تأريخ القبول 1322/ 21/ 03: تأريخ الاستالم الخالصة ظھر إستعراض املراجع املعنية باملجموعة الحيوانية املتطفلة على أسماك محافظة الديوانية، أ نوعا شرعيا من 04نوعا طفيليا لحد آلان مسجلة في 34وجود 8102العراق حتى نهاية العام ن إشتملت املجموعة املتطفلة على نوع واحد م. ألاسماك التي تم فحصها بحثا عن إلاصابات الطفيلية ثالثة أنواع من ،نوعين من املايزوزوا، ستة أنواع من حامالت ألاهداب ،اليوغلينيات الحيوانية أربعة أنواع من الديدان ، تسعة أنواع من أحادية املنشأ ،ثالثة أنواع من املخّرمات ،البوغيات املخاطية من الديدان شوكية الرأس وستة أنواع من ثالثة أنواع ،ستة أنواع من الديدان الخيطية ،الشريطية كانت إلاصابة باملخّرمات ونوعين من الديدان الشريطية ونوع واحد من الديدان الخيطية . القشريات من بين . قد حصلت باألطوار اليرقية، بينما كانت بقية إلاصابات إما بالطور الخضري أو بالطفيلي البالغ ، (نوعا طفيليا 81)ري مصابة بأكبر عدد من ألانواع الطفيلية ألاسماك املفحوصة، كانت سمكة الحم الكارب العشبي ) ننوعا، بينما كان (نوعا 01)وسمكة الكارب إلاعتيادي ( نوعا 01)تلتها سمكة الخشني كان حامل ألاهداب (. امثالثة أنواع لكل منه)مصابين بأقل عدد من ألانواع الطفيلية ( والكارب الفض ي Trichodina domerguei والقشريLernaea cyprinacea أكثر ألانواع الطفيلية شيوعا لكون كل Dactylogyrus extensusمنهما قد ورد تسجيله من تسعة أنواع من ألاسماك وتبعهما أحادي املنشأ حيث تم ورودهما من ثمانية، وستة أنواع من املضّيفات، على .Contracaecum spوالدودة الخيطية 88 ـفي حالة إلاصابة بـ( نوع واحد من املضّيفات)في حين سجل أقل عدد من ألانواع املضّيفة التوالي، . نوعا من الطفيليات